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How to Become a Good Poker Player
|
1. Perfecting Your Poker Face
1-1. Relax your face and jaw.
Remain calm and maintain a poker face by relaxing your face muscles. Avoid tightening your eyes, raising your eyebrows, or smiling. Even if you perform minute facial changes, these changes can tighten your facial muscles and give your opponents an idea of your hand.
1-2. Use sunglasses to conceal your eye movements.
If you’re worried about giving away too much with your eyes, consider wearing dark sunglasses to help maintain your poker face. However, even with sunglasses, try to keep your eyes as still as possible. Movement in your eyes can give away your emotions by triggering muscles on the side of your face.
1-3. Throw your opponents off by smiling.
Sometimes, smiling and acting confident, having conversations with your opponents, and putting on the show of being relaxed and easygoing can be just as deceptive as the best poker face.
If you act positive, you might also be able to trick your opponents into folding prematurely!
1-4. Master body language.
Nervous tics like knuckle cracking, nail biting, and fidgeting can reveal your emotions and therefore your hand to your opponents. Remain still and silent in order to throw them off. If that doesn’t work for you, fold your hands together or bring a stress ball and squeeze it constantly.
1-5. Record yourself playing poker for practice.
Make sure the game you’re playing is real when you record; without stakes, you might not exhibit any problematic tics. Put the camera somewhere that’s easy to forget about, to help you relax and display your tics. Play back the video and look for any emotional tells, or ask a friend to guess what cards you had at any point in the video, and take note of what made them think the way they did.
1-6. Remain consistent.
No matter what kind of poker face you choose, the most important thing is that you remain consistent. Whether you’re dealt the worst hand possible or the best hand you’ve ever seen, remaining cool and maintaining your poker face will throw off your opponents!
2. Adapting Strategy Based on Position
2-1. Play conservatively in early position.
Early position, or the seats to the left of the dealer, requires a conservative player, because when you bet in early position you’re betting before anyone else does. Early position players have to decide whether they want to bet, check, fold, or raise without seeing what the other players are going to do.
When you’re sitting in early position, only play the best hands.
If you’re in early position, be careful with bluffing or other “fake outs” because you don’t yet have a sense of what the other players have.
2-2. Remain cautious in middle position.
Middle position has the advantage of seeing how the early position players bet, but the disadvantage of playing before the late position players bet. While you can play looser in middle position than in early position, remain cautious and don’t try to be too fancy.
Unlike early position, where you shouldn’t play anything but the best hands, you can play mediocre hands in middle position, but avoid playing truly awful hands or going for long bluffs.
Remember that while you have a sense of the table based on early position, someone in late position could surprise you. Plan accordingly.
2-3. Leverage your late position for more playing power.
Late position, which is also called betting position, gives you the best information before betting. Adapt whether or not you bet, call, fold, or check based on what others at the table have done.
You can play relatively bad hands in this position. For example, if you’re playing Texas Hold’em and there are only a few low bets on the table and you have a mediocre hand like a pair of 7s, late position is a good place to play that hand.
Conversely, you might also want to fold a good hand in late position if you think someone who came earlier is going to beat that hand.
If no one at the table has bet, late position players can win by simply betting.
3. Identifying Good Hands
3-1. Memorize bad hands.
No matter what type of poker you’re playing, some hands will be worse than others. When you’re just starting out, memorize the worst hands you can get in poker, and immediately fold as soon as you draw those. This will prevent you from playing a bad game, and losing money on a bad hand.
Some examples of bad hands in Texas Hold’em are a 2 and 7, a 2 and 8, and a 3 and 8.
One example of a bad hand in Five Card Draw is a hand with a 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7, with all four suits represented.
3-2. Capitalize on good hands.
Teach yourself the stand-out hands in traditional poker plays and ruthlessly pursue the pot when you get dealt such a hand. Be careful to hide your poker tells and try to play off how good your hand is for as long as possible.
Good hands in Texas Hold’em include Ace-Ace, King-King, and Queen-Queen.
Because of the way Five Card Draw works, the best hand is a fully-completed Royal Flush or similar high card.
3-3. Don’t rely exclusively on your starting hand.
While your starting hand is a good indicator of how the game will probably go, there are many ways to increase your odds and change your chances in poker. At the end of each round, think about who is still in, what the pot is, who is bluffing, and how you think your hand compares. Make decisions on whether to bet, call, fold, or raise throughout the game, and don’t be afraid to leave a game if you’re doing poorly, even if you’ve already put some money in the pot.
3-4. Learn how to count cards.
No matter what type of poker you’re playing, the odds are always firmly rooted in math and information. Practice counting cards so you know what cards are remaining and what your chances are of drawing the card you need.
4. Recognizing Poker Tells
4-1. Look for tics and fidgeting.
Check to see if your opponent has widened eyes, is drumming their fingers, or bouncing their legs. These and other body language tics can indicate nervousness. Depending on how they’re betting, that can either mean they have a good hand or, more likely, that they have a bad one.
4-2. Identify when someone is trying to bluff a good hand by faking indifference.
If you’re playing against someone who is acting uninterested in the game but stays in despite heavy betting, chances are they have a strong hand. As much as they might try to pretend they’re not excited about their cards, their willingness to stay in the game shows there’s something going on under the surface.
4-3. Observe if your opponent looks at their chips.
If your opponent checks their cards and then looks at their chips, there’s a chance they just did that because they want to know how much they can bet. Be cautious though, that also might be a sign of nerves at getting a bad hand and not having too many chips left!
4-4. Notice if an opponent is trying to stare you down.
Often, novice poker players try to intimidate competitors by staring them down and being more aggressive when they have bad hands, especially if their hand is good but not good enough (like a low pair).
Conversely, if an opponent who usually makes eye contact suddenly starts avoiding eye contact, that could mean they have a great hand and are trying to hide it.
Tips
Don't be discouraged if you hit a losing streak. It can be disheartening to see your money float away, but even the world's best poker players endure downswings. If you continue to play solid poker, you will climb out of it.
Poker is a game of patience. Do not play a hand if you don't think you have the best one at the table.
Warnings
Never play poker if you don't have your personal finances in order.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Perfecting Your Poker Face\\n1-1. Relax your face and jaw.\\nRemain calm and maintain a poker face by relaxing your face muscles. Avoid tightening your eyes, raising your eyebrows, or smiling. Even if you perform minute facial changes, these changes can tighten your facial muscles and give your opponents an idea of your hand.\\n1-2. Use sunglasses to conceal your eye movements.\\nIf you’re worried about giving away too much with your eyes, consider wearing dark sunglasses to help maintain your poker face. However, even with sunglasses, try to keep your eyes as still as possible. Movement in your eyes can give away your emotions by triggering muscles on the side of your face.\\n1-3. Throw your opponents off by smiling.\\nSometimes, smiling and acting confident, having conversations with your opponents, and putting on the show of being relaxed and easygoing can be just as deceptive as the best poker face.\\nIf you act positive, you might also be able to trick your opponents into folding prematurely!\\n1-4. Master body language.\\nNervous tics like knuckle cracking, nail biting, and fidgeting can reveal your emotions and therefore your hand to your opponents. Remain still and silent in order to throw them off. If that doesn’t work for you, fold your hands together or bring a stress ball and squeeze it constantly.\\n1-5. Record yourself playing poker for practice.\\nMake sure the game you’re playing is real when you record; without stakes, you might not exhibit any problematic tics. Put the camera somewhere that’s easy to forget about, to help you relax and display your tics. Play back the video and look for any emotional tells, or ask a friend to guess what cards you had at any point in the video, and take note of what made them think the way they did.\\n1-6. Remain consistent.\\nNo matter what kind of poker face you choose, the most important thing is that you remain consistent. Whether you’re dealt the worst hand possible or the best hand you’ve ever seen, remaining cool and maintaining your poker face will throw off your opponents!\\n2. Adapting Strategy Based on Position\\n2-1. Play conservatively in early position.\\nEarly position, or the seats to the left of the dealer, requires a conservative player, because when you bet in early position you’re betting before anyone else does. Early position players have to decide whether they want to bet, check, fold, or raise without seeing what the other players are going to do.\\nWhen you’re sitting in early position, only play the best hands.\\nIf you’re in early position, be careful with bluffing or other “fake outs” because you don’t yet have a sense of what the other players have.\\n2-2. Remain cautious in middle position.\\nMiddle position has the advantage of seeing how the early position players bet, but the disadvantage of playing before the late position players bet. While you can play looser in middle position than in early position, remain cautious and don’t try to be too fancy.\\nUnlike early position, where you shouldn’t play anything but the best hands, you can play mediocre hands in middle position, but avoid playing truly awful hands or going for long bluffs.\\nRemember that while you have a sense of the table based on early position, someone in late position could surprise you. Plan accordingly.\\n2-3. Leverage your late position for more playing power.\\nLate position, which is also called betting position, gives you the best information before betting. Adapt whether or not you bet, call, fold, or check based on what others at the table have done.\\nYou can play relatively bad hands in this position. For example, if you’re playing Texas Hold’em and there are only a few low bets on the table and you have a mediocre hand like a pair of 7s, late position is a good place to play that hand.\\nConversely, you might also want to fold a good hand in late position if you think someone who came earlier is going to beat that hand.\\nIf no one at the table has bet, late position players can win by simply betting.\\n3. Identifying Good Hands\\n3-1. Memorize bad hands.\\nNo matter what type of poker you’re playing, some hands will be worse than others. When you’re just starting out, memorize the worst hands you can get in poker, and immediately fold as soon as you draw those. This will prevent you from playing a bad game, and losing money on a bad hand.\\nSome examples of bad hands in Texas Hold’em are a 2 and 7, a 2 and 8, and a 3 and 8.\\nOne example of a bad hand in Five Card Draw is a hand with a 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7, with all four suits represented.\\n3-2. Capitalize on good hands.\\nTeach yourself the stand-out hands in traditional poker plays and ruthlessly pursue the pot when you get dealt such a hand. Be careful to hide your poker tells and try to play off how good your hand is for as long as possible.\\nGood hands in Texas Hold’em include Ace-Ace, King-King, and Queen-Queen.\\nBecause of the way Five Card Draw works, the best hand is a fully-completed Royal Flush or similar high card.\\n3-3. Don’t rely exclusively on your starting hand.\\nWhile your starting hand is a good indicator of how the game will probably go, there are many ways to increase your odds and change your chances in poker. At the end of each round, think about who is still in, what the pot is, who is bluffing, and how you think your hand compares. Make decisions on whether to bet, call, fold, or raise throughout the game, and don’t be afraid to leave a game if you’re doing poorly, even if you’ve already put some money in the pot.\\n3-4. Learn how to count cards.\\nNo matter what type of poker you’re playing, the odds are always firmly rooted in math and information. Practice counting cards so you know what cards are remaining and what your chances are of drawing the card you need.\\n4. Recognizing Poker Tells\\n4-1. Look for tics and fidgeting.\\nCheck to see if your opponent has widened eyes, is drumming their fingers, or bouncing their legs. These and other body language tics can indicate nervousness. Depending on how they’re betting, that can either mean they have a good hand or, more likely, that they have a bad one.\\n4-2. Identify when someone is trying to bluff a good hand by faking indifference.\\nIf you’re playing against someone who is acting uninterested in the game but stays in despite heavy betting, chances are they have a strong hand. As much as they might try to pretend they’re not excited about their cards, their willingness to stay in the game shows there’s something going on under the surface.\\n4-3. Observe if your opponent looks at their chips.\\nIf your opponent checks their cards and then looks at their chips, there’s a chance they just did that because they want to know how much they can bet. Be cautious though, that also might be a sign of nerves at getting a bad hand and not having too many chips left!\\n4-4. Notice if an opponent is trying to stare you down.\\nOften, novice poker players try to intimidate competitors by staring them down and being more aggressive when they have bad hands, especially if their hand is good but not good enough (like a low pair).\\nConversely, if an opponent who usually makes eye contact suddenly starts avoiding eye contact, that could mean they have a great hand and are trying to hide it.\\nTips\\nDon't be discouraged if you hit a losing streak. It can be disheartening to see your money float away, but even the world's best poker players endure downswings. If you continue to play solid poker, you will climb out of it.\\nPoker is a game of patience. Do not play a hand if you don't think you have the best one at the table.\\nWarnings\\nNever play poker if you don't have your personal finances in order.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"So you know the basics of how to play poker and now it’s time to take your game to the next level. Improve your poker skills by perfecting your poker face, understanding the nuances of poker position, identifying good hands, and recognizing poker tells in others. Then, take your newfound poker skills to a recreational game or casino and try your luck in a real-life scenario!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Perfecting Your Poker Face\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Relax your face and jaw.\", \"描述\": \"Remain calm and maintain a poker face by relaxing your face muscles. Avoid tightening your eyes, raising your eyebrows, or smiling. Even if you perform minute facial changes, these changes can tighten your facial muscles and give your opponents an idea of your hand.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use sunglasses to conceal your eye movements.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re worried about giving away too much with your eyes, consider wearing dark sunglasses to help maintain your poker face. However, even with sunglasses, try to keep your eyes as still as possible. Movement in your eyes can give away your emotions by triggering muscles on the side of your face.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Throw your opponents off by smiling.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes, smiling and acting confident, having conversations with your opponents, and putting on the show of being relaxed and easygoing can be just as deceptive as the best poker face.\\nIf you act positive, you might also be able to trick your opponents into folding prematurely!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Master body language.\", \"描述\": \"Nervous tics like knuckle cracking, nail biting, and fidgeting can reveal your emotions and therefore your hand to your opponents. Remain still and silent in order to throw them off. If that doesn’t work for you, fold your hands together or bring a stress ball and squeeze it constantly.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Record yourself playing poker for practice.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure the game you’re playing is real when you record; without stakes, you might not exhibit any problematic tics. Put the camera somewhere that’s easy to forget about, to help you relax and display your tics. Play back the video and look for any emotional tells, or ask a friend to guess what cards you had at any point in the video, and take note of what made them think the way they did.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Remain consistent.\", \"描述\": \"No matter what kind of poker face you choose, the most important thing is that you remain consistent. Whether you’re dealt the worst hand possible or the best hand you’ve ever seen, remaining cool and maintaining your poker face will throw off your opponents!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Adapting Strategy Based on Position\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Play conservatively in early position.\", \"描述\": \"Early position, or the seats to the left of the dealer, requires a conservative player, because when you bet in early position you’re betting before anyone else does. Early position players have to decide whether they want to bet, check, fold, or raise without seeing what the other players are going to do.\\nWhen you’re sitting in early position, only play the best hands.\\nIf you’re in early position, be careful with bluffing or other “fake outs” because you don’t yet have a sense of what the other players have.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Remain cautious in middle position.\", \"描述\": \"Middle position has the advantage of seeing how the early position players bet, but the disadvantage of playing before the late position players bet. While you can play looser in middle position than in early position, remain cautious and don’t try to be too fancy.\\nUnlike early position, where you shouldn’t play anything but the best hands, you can play mediocre hands in middle position, but avoid playing truly awful hands or going for long bluffs.\\nRemember that while you have a sense of the table based on early position, someone in late position could surprise you. Plan accordingly.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Leverage your late position for more playing power.\", \"描述\": \"Late position, which is also called betting position, gives you the best information before betting. Adapt whether or not you bet, call, fold, or check based on what others at the table have done.\\nYou can play relatively bad hands in this position. For example, if you’re playing Texas Hold’em and there are only a few low bets on the table and you have a mediocre hand like a pair of 7s, late position is a good place to play that hand.\\nConversely, you might also want to fold a good hand in late position if you think someone who came earlier is going to beat that hand.\\nIf no one at the table has bet, late position players can win by simply betting.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Identifying Good Hands\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Memorize bad hands.\", \"描述\": \"No matter what type of poker you’re playing, some hands will be worse than others. When you’re just starting out, memorize the worst hands you can get in poker, and immediately fold as soon as you draw those. This will prevent you from playing a bad game, and losing money on a bad hand.\\nSome examples of bad hands in Texas Hold’em are a 2 and 7, a 2 and 8, and a 3 and 8.\\nOne example of a bad hand in Five Card Draw is a hand with a 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7, with all four suits represented.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Capitalize on good hands.\", \"描述\": \"Teach yourself the stand-out hands in traditional poker plays and ruthlessly pursue the pot when you get dealt such a hand. Be careful to hide your poker tells and try to play off how good your hand is for as long as possible.\\nGood hands in Texas Hold’em include Ace-Ace, King-King, and Queen-Queen.\\nBecause of the way Five Card Draw works, the best hand is a fully-completed Royal Flush or similar high card.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don’t rely exclusively on your starting hand.\", \"描述\": \"While your starting hand is a good indicator of how the game will probably go, there are many ways to increase your odds and change your chances in poker. At the end of each round, think about who is still in, what the pot is, who is bluffing, and how you think your hand compares. Make decisions on whether to bet, call, fold, or raise throughout the game, and don’t be afraid to leave a game if you’re doing poorly, even if you’ve already put some money in the pot.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn how to count cards.\", \"描述\": \"No matter what type of poker you’re playing, the odds are always firmly rooted in math and information. Practice counting cards so you know what cards are remaining and what your chances are of drawing the card you need.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Recognizing Poker Tells\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for tics and fidgeting.\", \"描述\": \"Check to see if your opponent has widened eyes, is drumming their fingers, or bouncing their legs. These and other body language tics can indicate nervousness. Depending on how they’re betting, that can either mean they have a good hand or, more likely, that they have a bad one.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Identify when someone is trying to bluff a good hand by faking indifference.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re playing against someone who is acting uninterested in the game but stays in despite heavy betting, chances are they have a strong hand. As much as they might try to pretend they’re not excited about their cards, their willingness to stay in the game shows there’s something going on under the surface.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Observe if your opponent looks at their chips.\", \"描述\": \"If your opponent checks their cards and then looks at their chips, there’s a chance they just did that because they want to know how much they can bet. Be cautious though, that also might be a sign of nerves at getting a bad hand and not having too many chips left!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Notice if an opponent is trying to stare you down.\", \"描述\": \"Often, novice poker players try to intimidate competitors by staring them down and being more aggressive when they have bad hands, especially if their hand is good but not good enough (like a low pair).\\nConversely, if an opponent who usually makes eye contact suddenly starts avoiding eye contact, that could mean they have a great hand and are trying to hide it.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don't be discouraged if you hit a losing streak. It can be disheartening to see your money float away, but even the world's best poker players endure downswings. If you continue to play solid poker, you will climb out of it.\\n\", \"Poker is a game of patience. Do not play a hand if you don't think you have the best one at the table.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Never play poker if you don't have your personal finances in order.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,417 |
How to Become a Good Presenter in 13 Easy Steps
|
1. Identify your audience.
A good, effective presenter knows who they’re talking to.
Are you talking to a class filled with bored teens, or a seasoned panel of experts? By knowing exactly who you’re talking to, you can tailor your presentation specifically to your audience, making it more dynamic and memorable.
For example, if you’re presenting at a microbiology conference, you won’t have to define any scientific terms that are well-known in the field. If you’re speaking to a less-informed audience, it might help to sprinkle some extra definitions into your presentation.
If you were pitching to a group of investors, you’d want to provide some background information about yourself and your company.
2. Research your topic thoroughly.
Your presentation can only be as good as your research.
Pretend you’re sitting in the audience—how would you feel if someone’s presentation skipped over important points or seemed to be missing valuable chunks of information? Chances are, you wouldn’t take it too seriously. Really knowing your stuff helps make your presentation as clear, direct, interesting, and understandable as possible.
Doing your research is especially important if there’ll be a Q&A session at the end of your presentation.
3. Tell a story with your presentation.
A story-style presentation is more likely to stick with audience members.
When you just spout off information, the average audience member will collect the info in their frontal lobe, which fills up pretty quickly. Turning your presentation into a story allows the audience to use their brain’s memory and emotion centers to process the information, which boosts their chances of remembering it later on.
Here’s an example: if you were giving a presentation about breast cancer prevention, you could start off with a story about a woman’s trip to the doctor’s office rather than rattling off a bunch of statistics.
You might describe a day in the life of a low-income household instead of jumping into a lot of economical terms and poverty statistics.
4. Begin your presentation with a question.
This is a great way to connect with your audience.
Whether you’re in class, at a business meeting, or at a conference, your audience will want to know what to expect. Asking a question will connect you with your audience right from the get-go, and help them feel like they’re a part of your presentation.
Try tailoring your opening question to your presentation topic. For instance, if you’re discussing the importance of charity and giving back to the community, your opening question could be “What would you do with a million dollars?”
5. Optimize your PowerPoint.
A good slideshow needs to be brief and well-balanced between text and visuals.
Believe it or not, short presentations are much more professional than longer ones; in fact, consulting professionals suggest condensing 20 slides of a Powerpoint to just 2 slides. Pairing the text on your slides with a dynamic image is another great way to make the most out of your slideshow presentation. Here are a few other rules of thumb to keep in mind:
The 5/5/5 Rule: Limit each slide to 5 lines of text, capping each line off at 5 words. Also, don’t have more than 5 text-filled slides after one another.
Choose fonts that are simple, sleek, and easy to read. Extravagant fonts may look fun, but they’re a pain for audience members to read.
Contrast your slide background and text color so audience members have an easy time reading what’s on the screen.
Keep your transitions as simple as possible—big loops, fly-ins, and other fancy animations won’t add anything to your presentation.
6. Draft notecards for yourself.
Notecards can provide useful reminders during the presentation.
They’re not meant to be a replacement for good practice and memorization, but you can use them to keep you on track. Jot down only the most important parts of your presentation, so you aren’t relying on your cards as a script.
Always write in big, easy-to-read letters. You don’t want to be squinting at your notecards during the presentation!
7. Practice as much as you can.
Even experienced public speakers take time to practice before a big event.
Why? Because practice really does make perfect! Plenty of practice helps you nail down the most important parts of your presentation, and helps you really drive the message home. Plus, practice sessions help keep your presentation within a certain time limit.
Grab a timer or phone whenever you run through your presentation. That way, you can figure out how long your speech is overall, and which parts are taking up the most time.
8. Pause instead of using filler.
“Um”, “so”, “uh”, “like”, and “you know” are some common filler offenders.
While these words feel helpful in the moment, they don’t do anything to boost your credibility. Instead, use that blank moment to just pause and recenter your thoughts.
You can try practicing pausing in your regular conversations, too! Chances are, you probably sprinkle in a few ums and uhs when talking with friends and family.
Try recording yourself the next time you practice your presentation. Then, listen back and see how many times you use filler words.
9. Make your voice dynamic and engaging to the audience.
A monotone presentation won’t impress your listeners.
Instead, try adjusting your volume and pitch, especially when you’re trying to nail a point with the audience. Changing things up will make your presentation even more dynamic and interesting, and will motivate your audience to pay attention.
Speak more loudly when you’re trying to hit a point home with the audience.
Wait a few seconds if you're making a major statement in your presentation. The pause really adds some emphasis.
10. Use confident body language.
Good body language helps the audience take you seriously.
Stay relaxed and try to smile throughout your presentation. Also, try to nip any nervous habits in the bud, like tapping your fingers or rocking back and forth. These might distract your audience members. Here are some simple ways to improve your posture:
Stand straight up with your shoulders pulled back
Shift your weight to the front of your feet
Drape your arms loosely at your sides
11. Make eye contact.
Focus on 5-6 people from all around your audience.
Do a quick scan through your presentation space to get a feel for your audience. Make a mental note of any especially friendly, engaged faces in the background. As you present, try making eye contact with these people—it will make you look much more professional and engaged.
Try making eye contact with people around different parts of your presentation space, rather than looking in one direction the entire time.
12. Accept your nerves instead of fighting them.
There’s nothing wrong with feeling nervous before a presentation.
You’re not the first person to be nervous, and you definitely won’t be the last, either. Just take deep breaths, and use your nervous energy to fuel your presentation.
Chances are, nearly everyone in the audience can relate to how you’re feeling.
13. Give yourself a pep talk before you go on.
Affirming “you” statements can really boost your confidence.
Take a few minutes before your presentation to say some encouraging, positive remarks to yourself. Phrasing them as “you” statements can better help you cope with any nerves or stress that you’re feeling in the moment. You might say:
“You’ve got this!”
“You’ve put so much hard work into this presentation, and you’re going to nail it!”
“You are prepared, engaging, and confident!”
Tips
Try to get to your presentation spot early on the day of. That way, you have plenty of time to prepare before your presentation actually starts.[21]
X
Research source
Create a backup plan in case your technology doesn’t cooperate on your presentation day. Have a printed stack of your presentation at the ready, so everything can go without a hitch.[22]
X
Research source
Dress well for the presentation—a formal outfit helps show your professionalism.[23]
X
Expert Source
Patrick MuñozVoice & Speech Coach
Expert Interview. 22 November 2019.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Identify your audience.\\nA good, effective presenter knows who they’re talking to.\\nAre you talking to a class filled with bored teens, or a seasoned panel of experts? By knowing exactly who you’re talking to, you can tailor your presentation specifically to your audience, making it more dynamic and memorable.\\nFor example, if you’re presenting at a microbiology conference, you won’t have to define any scientific terms that are well-known in the field. If you’re speaking to a less-informed audience, it might help to sprinkle some extra definitions into your presentation.\\nIf you were pitching to a group of investors, you’d want to provide some background information about yourself and your company.\\n2. Research your topic thoroughly.\\nYour presentation can only be as good as your research.\\nPretend you’re sitting in the audience—how would you feel if someone’s presentation skipped over important points or seemed to be missing valuable chunks of information? Chances are, you wouldn’t take it too seriously. Really knowing your stuff helps make your presentation as clear, direct, interesting, and understandable as possible.\\nDoing your research is especially important if there’ll be a Q&A session at the end of your presentation.\\n3. Tell a story with your presentation.\\nA story-style presentation is more likely to stick with audience members.\\nWhen you just spout off information, the average audience member will collect the info in their frontal lobe, which fills up pretty quickly. Turning your presentation into a story allows the audience to use their brain’s memory and emotion centers to process the information, which boosts their chances of remembering it later on.\\nHere’s an example: if you were giving a presentation about breast cancer prevention, you could start off with a story about a woman’s trip to the doctor’s office rather than rattling off a bunch of statistics.\\nYou might describe a day in the life of a low-income household instead of jumping into a lot of economical terms and poverty statistics.\\n4. Begin your presentation with a question.\\nThis is a great way to connect with your audience.\\nWhether you’re in class, at a business meeting, or at a conference, your audience will want to know what to expect. Asking a question will connect you with your audience right from the get-go, and help them feel like they’re a part of your presentation.\\nTry tailoring your opening question to your presentation topic. For instance, if you’re discussing the importance of charity and giving back to the community, your opening question could be “What would you do with a million dollars?”\\n5. Optimize your PowerPoint.\\nA good slideshow needs to be brief and well-balanced between text and visuals.\\nBelieve it or not, short presentations are much more professional than longer ones; in fact, consulting professionals suggest condensing 20 slides of a Powerpoint to just 2 slides. Pairing the text on your slides with a dynamic image is another great way to make the most out of your slideshow presentation. Here are a few other rules of thumb to keep in mind:\\nThe 5/5/5 Rule: Limit each slide to 5 lines of text, capping each line off at 5 words. Also, don’t have more than 5 text-filled slides after one another.\\nChoose fonts that are simple, sleek, and easy to read. Extravagant fonts may look fun, but they’re a pain for audience members to read.\\nContrast your slide background and text color so audience members have an easy time reading what’s on the screen.\\nKeep your transitions as simple as possible—big loops, fly-ins, and other fancy animations won’t add anything to your presentation.\\n6. Draft notecards for yourself.\\nNotecards can provide useful reminders during the presentation.\\nThey’re not meant to be a replacement for good practice and memorization, but you can use them to keep you on track. Jot down only the most important parts of your presentation, so you aren’t relying on your cards as a script.\\nAlways write in big, easy-to-read letters. You don’t want to be squinting at your notecards during the presentation!\\n7. Practice as much as you can.\\nEven experienced public speakers take time to practice before a big event.\\nWhy? Because practice really does make perfect! Plenty of practice helps you nail down the most important parts of your presentation, and helps you really drive the message home. Plus, practice sessions help keep your presentation within a certain time limit.\\nGrab a timer or phone whenever you run through your presentation. That way, you can figure out how long your speech is overall, and which parts are taking up the most time.\\n8. Pause instead of using filler.\\n“Um”, “so”, “uh”, “like”, and “you know” are some common filler offenders.\\nWhile these words feel helpful in the moment, they don’t do anything to boost your credibility. Instead, use that blank moment to just pause and recenter your thoughts.\\nYou can try practicing pausing in your regular conversations, too! Chances are, you probably sprinkle in a few ums and uhs when talking with friends and family.\\nTry recording yourself the next time you practice your presentation. Then, listen back and see how many times you use filler words.\\n9. Make your voice dynamic and engaging to the audience.\\nA monotone presentation won’t impress your listeners.\\nInstead, try adjusting your volume and pitch, especially when you’re trying to nail a point with the audience. Changing things up will make your presentation even more dynamic and interesting, and will motivate your audience to pay attention.\\nSpeak more loudly when you’re trying to hit a point home with the audience.\\nWait a few seconds if you're making a major statement in your presentation. The pause really adds some emphasis.\\n10. Use confident body language.\\nGood body language helps the audience take you seriously.\\nStay relaxed and try to smile throughout your presentation. Also, try to nip any nervous habits in the bud, like tapping your fingers or rocking back and forth. These might distract your audience members. Here are some simple ways to improve your posture:\\nStand straight up with your shoulders pulled back\\nShift your weight to the front of your feet\\nDrape your arms loosely at your sides\\n11. Make eye contact.\\nFocus on 5-6 people from all around your audience.\\nDo a quick scan through your presentation space to get a feel for your audience. Make a mental note of any especially friendly, engaged faces in the background. As you present, try making eye contact with these people—it will make you look much more professional and engaged.\\nTry making eye contact with people around different parts of your presentation space, rather than looking in one direction the entire time.\\n12. Accept your nerves instead of fighting them.\\nThere’s nothing wrong with feeling nervous before a presentation.\\nYou’re not the first person to be nervous, and you definitely won’t be the last, either. Just take deep breaths, and use your nervous energy to fuel your presentation.\\nChances are, nearly everyone in the audience can relate to how you’re feeling.\\n13. Give yourself a pep talk before you go on.\\nAffirming “you” statements can really boost your confidence.\\nTake a few minutes before your presentation to say some encouraging, positive remarks to yourself. Phrasing them as “you” statements can better help you cope with any nerves or stress that you’re feeling in the moment. You might say:\\n“You’ve got this!”\\n“You’ve put so much hard work into this presentation, and you’re going to nail it!”\\n“You are prepared, engaging, and confident!”\\nTips\\nTry to get to your presentation spot early on the day of. That way, you have plenty of time to prepare before your presentation actually starts.[21]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nCreate a backup plan in case your technology doesn’t cooperate on your presentation day. Have a printed stack of your presentation at the ready, so everything can go without a hitch.[22]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nDress well for the presentation—a formal outfit helps show your professionalism.[23]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nPatrick MuñozVoice & Speech Coach\\nExpert Interview. 22 November 2019.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Nervous about a presentation that’s coming up? Standing up in front of your peers and colleagues is definitely a big undertaking, but you have nothing to worry about. We’ve put together plenty of tips and tricks to help you become a better presenter, so you can knock it out of the park on your big day. You’ve got this!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify your audience.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A good, effective presenter knows who they’re talking to.\", \"描述\": \"Are you talking to a class filled with bored teens, or a seasoned panel of experts? By knowing exactly who you’re talking to, you can tailor your presentation specifically to your audience, making it more dynamic and memorable.\\nFor example, if you’re presenting at a microbiology conference, you won’t have to define any scientific terms that are well-known in the field. If you’re speaking to a less-informed audience, it might help to sprinkle some extra definitions into your presentation.\\nIf you were pitching to a group of investors, you’d want to provide some background information about yourself and your company.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Research your topic thoroughly.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Your presentation can only be as good as your research.\", \"描述\": \"Pretend you’re sitting in the audience—how would you feel if someone’s presentation skipped over important points or seemed to be missing valuable chunks of information? Chances are, you wouldn’t take it too seriously. Really knowing your stuff helps make your presentation as clear, direct, interesting, and understandable as possible.\\nDoing your research is especially important if there’ll be a Q&A session at the end of your presentation.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tell a story with your presentation.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A story-style presentation is more likely to stick with audience members.\", \"描述\": \"When you just spout off information, the average audience member will collect the info in their frontal lobe, which fills up pretty quickly. Turning your presentation into a story allows the audience to use their brain’s memory and emotion centers to process the information, which boosts their chances of remembering it later on.\\nHere’s an example: if you were giving a presentation about breast cancer prevention, you could start off with a story about a woman’s trip to the doctor’s office rather than rattling off a bunch of statistics.\\nYou might describe a day in the life of a low-income household instead of jumping into a lot of economical terms and poverty statistics.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Begin your presentation with a question.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"This is a great way to connect with your audience.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you’re in class, at a business meeting, or at a conference, your audience will want to know what to expect. Asking a question will connect you with your audience right from the get-go, and help them feel like they’re a part of your presentation.\\nTry tailoring your opening question to your presentation topic. For instance, if you’re discussing the importance of charity and giving back to the community, your opening question could be “What would you do with a million dollars?”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Optimize your PowerPoint.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A good slideshow needs to be brief and well-balanced between text and visuals.\", \"描述\": \"Believe it or not, short presentations are much more professional than longer ones; in fact, consulting professionals suggest condensing 20 slides of a Powerpoint to just 2 slides. Pairing the text on your slides with a dynamic image is another great way to make the most out of your slideshow presentation. Here are a few other rules of thumb to keep in mind:\\nThe 5/5/5 Rule: Limit each slide to 5 lines of text, capping each line off at 5 words. Also, don’t have more than 5 text-filled slides after one another.\\nChoose fonts that are simple, sleek, and easy to read. Extravagant fonts may look fun, but they’re a pain for audience members to read.\\nContrast your slide background and text color so audience members have an easy time reading what’s on the screen.\\nKeep your transitions as simple as possible—big loops, fly-ins, and other fancy animations won’t add anything to your presentation.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Draft notecards for yourself.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Notecards can provide useful reminders during the presentation.\", \"描述\": \"They’re not meant to be a replacement for good practice and memorization, but you can use them to keep you on track. Jot down only the most important parts of your presentation, so you aren’t relying on your cards as a script.\\nAlways write in big, easy-to-read letters. You don’t want to be squinting at your notecards during the presentation!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Practice as much as you can.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Even experienced public speakers take time to practice before a big event.\", \"描述\": \"Why? Because practice really does make perfect! Plenty of practice helps you nail down the most important parts of your presentation, and helps you really drive the message home. Plus, practice sessions help keep your presentation within a certain time limit.\\nGrab a timer or phone whenever you run through your presentation. That way, you can figure out how long your speech is overall, and which parts are taking up the most time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Pause instead of using filler.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"“Um”, “so”, “uh”, “like”, and “you know” are some common filler offenders.\", \"描述\": \"While these words feel helpful in the moment, they don’t do anything to boost your credibility. Instead, use that blank moment to just pause and recenter your thoughts.\\nYou can try practicing pausing in your regular conversations, too! Chances are, you probably sprinkle in a few ums and uhs when talking with friends and family.\\nTry recording yourself the next time you practice your presentation. Then, listen back and see how many times you use filler words.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Make your voice dynamic and engaging to the audience.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A monotone presentation won’t impress your listeners.\", \"描述\": \"Instead, try adjusting your volume and pitch, especially when you’re trying to nail a point with the audience. Changing things up will make your presentation even more dynamic and interesting, and will motivate your audience to pay attention.\\nSpeak more loudly when you’re trying to hit a point home with the audience.\\nWait a few seconds if you're making a major statement in your presentation. The pause really adds some emphasis.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Use confident body language.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Good body language helps the audience take you seriously.\", \"描述\": \"Stay relaxed and try to smile throughout your presentation. Also, try to nip any nervous habits in the bud, like tapping your fingers or rocking back and forth. These might distract your audience members. Here are some simple ways to improve your posture:\\nStand straight up with your shoulders pulled back\\nShift your weight to the front of your feet\\nDrape your arms loosely at your sides\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Make eye contact.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Focus on 5-6 people from all around your audience.\", \"描述\": \"Do a quick scan through your presentation space to get a feel for your audience. Make a mental note of any especially friendly, engaged faces in the background. As you present, try making eye contact with these people—it will make you look much more professional and engaged.\\nTry making eye contact with people around different parts of your presentation space, rather than looking in one direction the entire time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Accept your nerves instead of fighting them.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"There’s nothing wrong with feeling nervous before a presentation.\", \"描述\": \"You’re not the first person to be nervous, and you definitely won’t be the last, either. Just take deep breaths, and use your nervous energy to fuel your presentation.\\nChances are, nearly everyone in the audience can relate to how you’re feeling.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"Give yourself a pep talk before you go on.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Affirming “you” statements can really boost your confidence.\", \"描述\": \"Take a few minutes before your presentation to say some encouraging, positive remarks to yourself. Phrasing them as “you” statements can better help you cope with any nerves or stress that you’re feeling in the moment. You might say:\\n“You’ve got this!”\\n“You’ve put so much hard work into this presentation, and you’re going to nail it!”\\n“You are prepared, engaging, and confident!”\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Try to get to your presentation spot early on the day of. That way, you have plenty of time to prepare before your presentation actually starts.[21]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Create a backup plan in case your technology doesn’t cooperate on your presentation day. Have a printed stack of your presentation at the ready, so everything can go without a hitch.[22]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Dress well for the presentation—a formal outfit helps show your professionalism.[23]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nPatrick MuñozVoice & Speech Coach\\nExpert Interview. 22 November 2019.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,418 |
How to Become a Good Racer in Asphalt 8
|
1. Steps
1-1. Buy a car with good all-around stats.
You will start the game with the Dodge Dart GT (a Class D car), but you must buy better and [eventually] higher class cars to remain competitive and progress through Single Player mode.
Buy a car that has good acceleration and handling so you can get a head start in races by knocking down other cars and finish the race without wrecking many times. If you're a beginner, make sure that your car has at least 1.200 for handling. If you're a pro that can control your car, you don't have to worry about your car's handling.
For beginners, it's a good idea to buy the Audi R8 and E-tron and Tesla Model S also for Class D.
1-2. Choose which control setting that you feel comfortable with.
Start a race in Single Player mode, start knocking down other cars, and try to complete all levels with flying colors.
1-3. Know every shortcut road on every track.
Some shortcut roads are short while some are long. To find the shortest shortcut road on every track, just go across the road without using nitro.
Please keep in mind that you should always use the short way unless your nitro is very fast. For that, you have to explore places. Great Wall have nearly 6 routes. There is a good chance for you to find shortcuts.
1-4. Play in Multiplayer mode.
Racing with players from around the world is harder than you think.
When playing in Multiplayer mode, remember shortcut road, plan your strategy and your way to go across before the race starts.
The higher your level is, the more money you get.
1-5. Show off your racing skills to get more nitro.
Try doing a Barrel Roll, Flat Spin, and other driving techniques to gain nitro and gain precious seconds.
To do a barrel roll, drive your car off of a curved ramp.
Though a barrel roll is easy, the trick to a flat spin is to just drift when you arrive at a ramp and you will automatically do a flat spin.
1-6. Upgrade your car's performance.
If you have enough credits to upgrade your car's performance, take the opportunity to do so. This will give you greater results during the races.
Be clever. Remember that Acceleration and Top Speed alone will not lead you to victory. Upgrading your Handling lets you have more control and avoid crashes during a race.
Acceleration can push your car faster! Upgrade your car's Acceleration if you need some extra speed.
Upgrade to maximum speed! Do this to upgrade your Speed and Acceleration.
Have Nitro. It is the most powerful thing and must-have if you want to win the race. Upgrade it so you can cut another racer easily and knock down another racer easily in Single Player!
1-7. Play aggressively.
Don't worry about other players, because aggressive play is needed in Asphalt 8 to burn down your friend's (or enemy's) position. It can also lead you to victory.
Knock down as many cars as you can! To knock down other racers, hit up your Nitro and ram or hit them. Try to knock down all of them.
In Multiplayer mode, it's hard to knock down other players. Gameloft just changes their game knockdown mode to balance so everybody can safely play the game. However, this is not bad news. To knock down other racers in Multiplayer mode, flank them from the side and push them to the wall as hard as you can. This will automatically knock them down.
Alternatively, you could simply hit up a maximum 100% Nitro with a Top Speed nitro (more than 35km/h nitro speed). Hit them from their back to knock them down!
You can also use the Death From Above tactical strike to knock down other racers. Ram them into a ramp and hit them from the skies.
1-8. Keep practicing in the game to become a better racer than before.
Practice drifting perfectly without crashing or being hit! This will automatically refuel your Nitro. When on the straight road, try to do some small drifts; however please note that drifting can slow your vehicle.
Practice Knockdowns to refuel your Nitro by
Tips
Knockdown as many vehicles as you can. The more vehicles you knockdown, the more bonus money and XP you will get.
Try to get all the stars in one race in Single Player mode. The more stars you get in one race, the more money you earn.
Always have a balance between getting new cars and upgrading others. If you already maxed out a car, get a new one to get better speed and handling.
Warnings
Be careful during Multiplayer mode. Many players will aggressively hit up your car (that's why you must play aggressively during races). Try to hit them (knock them down) and burn their place for "revenge".
In Venice, be careful from the narrow lane. Here there are most chance for you to be wrecked.
During barrel be careful that you can get a long jump otherwise you will be wrecked.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Buy a car with good all-around stats.\\nYou will start the game with the Dodge Dart GT (a Class D car), but you must buy better and [eventually] higher class cars to remain competitive and progress through Single Player mode. \\nBuy a car that has good acceleration and handling so you can get a head start in races by knocking down other cars and finish the race without wrecking many times. If you're a beginner, make sure that your car has at least 1.200 for handling. If you're a pro that can control your car, you don't have to worry about your car's handling.\\nFor beginners, it's a good idea to buy the Audi R8 and E-tron and Tesla Model S also for Class D.\\n1-2. Choose which control setting that you feel comfortable with.\\nStart a race in Single Player mode, start knocking down other cars, and try to complete all levels with flying colors.\\n1-3. Know every shortcut road on every track.\\nSome shortcut roads are short while some are long. To find the shortest shortcut road on every track, just go across the road without using nitro.\\nPlease keep in mind that you should always use the short way unless your nitro is very fast. For that, you have to explore places. Great Wall have nearly 6 routes. There is a good chance for you to find shortcuts.\\n1-4. Play in Multiplayer mode.\\nRacing with players from around the world is harder than you think.\\nWhen playing in Multiplayer mode, remember shortcut road, plan your strategy and your way to go across before the race starts.\\nThe higher your level is, the more money you get.\\n1-5. Show off your racing skills to get more nitro.\\nTry doing a Barrel Roll, Flat Spin, and other driving techniques to gain nitro and gain precious seconds.\\nTo do a barrel roll, drive your car off of a curved ramp.\\nThough a barrel roll is easy, the trick to a flat spin is to just drift when you arrive at a ramp and you will automatically do a flat spin.\\n1-6. Upgrade your car's performance.\\nIf you have enough credits to upgrade your car's performance, take the opportunity to do so. This will give you greater results during the races.\\nBe clever. Remember that Acceleration and Top Speed alone will not lead you to victory. Upgrading your Handling lets you have more control and avoid crashes during a race.\\nAcceleration can push your car faster! Upgrade your car's Acceleration if you need some extra speed.\\nUpgrade to maximum speed! Do this to upgrade your Speed and Acceleration.\\nHave Nitro. It is the most powerful thing and must-have if you want to win the race. Upgrade it so you can cut another racer easily and knock down another racer easily in Single Player!\\n1-7. Play aggressively.\\nDon't worry about other players, because aggressive play is needed in Asphalt 8 to burn down your friend's (or enemy's) position. It can also lead you to victory.\\nKnock down as many cars as you can! To knock down other racers, hit up your Nitro and ram or hit them. Try to knock down all of them.\\nIn Multiplayer mode, it's hard to knock down other players. Gameloft just changes their game knockdown mode to balance so everybody can safely play the game. However, this is not bad news. To knock down other racers in Multiplayer mode, flank them from the side and push them to the wall as hard as you can. This will automatically knock them down.\\nAlternatively, you could simply hit up a maximum 100% Nitro with a Top Speed nitro (more than 35km/h nitro speed). Hit them from their back to knock them down!\\nYou can also use the Death From Above tactical strike to knock down other racers. Ram them into a ramp and hit them from the skies.\\n1-8. Keep practicing in the game to become a better racer than before.\\nPractice drifting perfectly without crashing or being hit! This will automatically refuel your Nitro. When on the straight road, try to do some small drifts; however please note that drifting can slow your vehicle.\\nPractice Knockdowns to refuel your Nitro by\\nTips\\nKnockdown as many vehicles as you can. The more vehicles you knockdown, the more bonus money and XP you will get.\\nTry to get all the stars in one race in Single Player mode. The more stars you get in one race, the more money you earn.\\nAlways have a balance between getting new cars and upgrading others. If you already maxed out a car, get a new one to get better speed and handling.\\nWarnings\\nBe careful during Multiplayer mode. Many players will aggressively hit up your car (that's why you must play aggressively during races). Try to hit them (knock them down) and burn their place for \\\"revenge\\\".\\nIn Venice, be careful from the narrow lane. Here there are most chance for you to be wrecked.\\nDuring barrel be careful that you can get a long jump otherwise you will be wrecked.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Asphalt 8: Airborne is arguably the best racing game for the iOS, Android, and Windows 8 systems, as it has excellent physics, graphics, choice of cars, and soundtrack. It is amazing for car lovers as it proves a good experience for the users including graphics, cars, sound, place and many more that you can observe. While you may enjoy Asphalt 8, all gamers go through a time when it is difficult to be good at it. This article will provide tips to help you get through those times. So, just follow the described journey and be a good racer in Asphalt 8.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buy a car with good all-around stats.\", \"描述\": \"You will start the game with the Dodge Dart GT (a Class D car), but you must buy better and [eventually] higher class cars to remain competitive and progress through Single Player mode. \\nBuy a car that has good acceleration and handling so you can get a head start in races by knocking down other cars and finish the race without wrecking many times. If you're a beginner, make sure that your car has at least 1.200 for handling. If you're a pro that can control your car, you don't have to worry about your car's handling.\\nFor beginners, it's a good idea to buy the Audi R8 and E-tron and Tesla Model S also for Class D.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose which control setting that you feel comfortable with.\", \"描述\": \"Start a race in Single Player mode, start knocking down other cars, and try to complete all levels with flying colors.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Know every shortcut road on every track.\", \"描述\": \"Some shortcut roads are short while some are long. To find the shortest shortcut road on every track, just go across the road without using nitro.\\nPlease keep in mind that you should always use the short way unless your nitro is very fast. For that, you have to explore places. Great Wall have nearly 6 routes. There is a good chance for you to find shortcuts.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Play in Multiplayer mode.\", \"描述\": \"Racing with players from around the world is harder than you think.\\nWhen playing in Multiplayer mode, remember shortcut road, plan your strategy and your way to go across before the race starts.\\nThe higher your level is, the more money you get.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Show off your racing skills to get more nitro.\", \"描述\": \"Try doing a Barrel Roll, Flat Spin, and other driving techniques to gain nitro and gain precious seconds.\\nTo do a barrel roll, drive your car off of a curved ramp.\\nThough a barrel roll is easy, the trick to a flat spin is to just drift when you arrive at a ramp and you will automatically do a flat spin.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Upgrade your car's performance.\", \"描述\": \"If you have enough credits to upgrade your car's performance, take the opportunity to do so. This will give you greater results during the races.\\nBe clever. Remember that Acceleration and Top Speed alone will not lead you to victory. Upgrading your Handling lets you have more control and avoid crashes during a race.\\nAcceleration can push your car faster! Upgrade your car's Acceleration if you need some extra speed.\\nUpgrade to maximum speed! Do this to upgrade your Speed and Acceleration.\\nHave Nitro. It is the most powerful thing and must-have if you want to win the race. Upgrade it so you can cut another racer easily and knock down another racer easily in Single Player!\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Play aggressively.\", \"描述\": \"Don't worry about other players, because aggressive play is needed in Asphalt 8 to burn down your friend's (or enemy's) position. It can also lead you to victory.\\nKnock down as many cars as you can! To knock down other racers, hit up your Nitro and ram or hit them. Try to knock down all of them.\\nIn Multiplayer mode, it's hard to knock down other players. Gameloft just changes their game knockdown mode to balance so everybody can safely play the game. However, this is not bad news. To knock down other racers in Multiplayer mode, flank them from the side and push them to the wall as hard as you can. This will automatically knock them down.\\nAlternatively, you could simply hit up a maximum 100% Nitro with a Top Speed nitro (more than 35km/h nitro speed). Hit them from their back to knock them down!\\nYou can also use the Death From Above tactical strike to knock down other racers. Ram them into a ramp and hit them from the skies.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Keep practicing in the game to become a better racer than before.\", \"描述\": \"Practice drifting perfectly without crashing or being hit! This will automatically refuel your Nitro. When on the straight road, try to do some small drifts; however please note that drifting can slow your vehicle.\\nPractice Knockdowns to refuel your Nitro by\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Knockdown as many vehicles as you can. The more vehicles you knockdown, the more bonus money and XP you will get.\\n\", \"Try to get all the stars in one race in Single Player mode. The more stars you get in one race, the more money you earn.\\n\", \"Always have a balance between getting new cars and upgrading others. If you already maxed out a car, get a new one to get better speed and handling.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be careful during Multiplayer mode. Many players will aggressively hit up your car (that's why you must play aggressively during races). Try to hit them (knock them down) and burn their place for \\\"revenge\\\".\\n\", \"In Venice, be careful from the narrow lane. Here there are most chance for you to be wrecked.\\n\", \"During barrel be careful that you can get a long jump otherwise you will be wrecked.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,419 |
How to Become a Good Singer Without Lessons
|
1. Improving Your Technique
1-1. Widen and relax your throat.
This is an important step for achieving a rich tone and expanding your range. Let your larynx (which holds your vocal cords) relax down rather than keeping tension in your throat or narrowing it.
1-2. Relax your tongue.
Your tongue can present a huge obstacle when singing. If the root of your tongue is tight, your throat will constrict and your voice will come out sounding strained.
Position your tongue so the tip is touching your bottom row of teeth.
Stretch your tongue out and say “Ahh” a few times to warm up your tongue before starting to sing.
1-3. Breathe from your diaphragm.
Your singing breath comes from a different place than your regular breath does. Concentrate on taking deep breaths from your diaphragm (i.e. your lower lungs).
Release the tension from your body.
Imagine that there is a rubber ring around your diaphragm.
As you inhale through your nose, try to push the ring outwards.
Exhale through both your mouth and nose.
Keep your shoulders relaxed and level.
1-4. Drop your jaw.
When you clench your jaw, the sound has to come out of a much smaller opening in your mouth. The clenching causes tension, which is then reflected in the way your voice sounds when you sing.
For a wider, fuller sound, drop your jaw as you sing.
Loosen your jaw a few times every day to make sure you’re not unconsciously clenching your teeth.
Try propping your mouth open with a bottle cork and saying “A-E-I-O-U.”
1-5. Use proper speaking and singing posture.
Singers rely on their breath to sing well, and if you’re hunched over, you can’t breathe deeply. Stand with your feet apart, and your shoulders back. Keep your chin pointed down and flex your pectorals.
Avoid bending over or slouching. You can either crouch or sit or stand up straight when speaking and singing.
Singers tend to tip their chins up to try to reach the high notes, but this can cause vocal problems.
Stand in front of a mirror to watch yourself sing. Make sure you don't start hunching over as the song progresses.
2. Strengthening Your Vocal and Performance Skills
2-1. Sing for several short sessions with breaks in between every day.
In order to reach your full potential as a singer, you need to practice singing every day to strengthen your vocal cords. Also, the more comfortable you get singing, the better you will be when it’s time to perform in public. However, practice smart not hard--meaning sing for short sessions (like 10 minutes) then take a break before engaging in another session so you don't overuse your voice.
Try your best during your practice sessions. If you practice things incorrectly, they will become habits and bad habits are hard to break.
Keep a practice journal to help keep track of what you’re working on.
Write down what you’re doing well and what still needs improvement.
2-2. Record yourself singing.
The way people sound in their heads is completely different from the way they sound to others. Record your practice sessions, then listen to the recordings and analyze them. This is especially helpful if you are just learning how to sing.
Listen for notes that are out of tune or places where you sound off key.
Check to see how your voice sounds – does it sound pitchy like you’re running out of breath?
Once you have made your observations, set new goals of how to improve and try to execute on those goals.
2-3. Hum in the shower.
You may be familiar with singing in the shower, but for singers, humming is actually more effective. Humming will cause your vocal cords to stretch thinner, improving flexibility and expanding your vocal range.
Close your mouth and make an “mmm” sound while pretending you have gum in your mouth.
Hum scales or your favourite song.
2-4. Sing in front of the mirror.
A singer’s voice is only part of the package – singers also have to be very strong performers. Singing in front of a mirror will help you gauge how your movements look, judge how well you're emoting and decide how believable you look when you’re performing in character.
If you’re performing for musical theatre, remember to perform in a heightened manner.
Practice what you’re going to say in between songs, or as you’re introducing yourself.
Use the mirror to see if there are any points where you look scared, or like you’re thinking about what comes next.
3. Taking Care of Your Vocal Cords
3-1. Sleep regularly.
Singers don’t have the luxury of replacing their instrument because their body is their instrument. If you’re low on energy, it will affect your body and your voice.
Figure out how much sleep you need every night. Make a bedtime and stick to it.
The more energy you have, the more energy you can use to power your voice.
3-2. Hydrate your body.
When your vocal cords are dry, your voice comes out sounding weak and scratchy. In order to keep your voice sounding strong and healthy, drink water consistently throughout the day. Have a glass of water during every meal and another one during a snack. Carry a water bottle around with you throughout the day so you don’t get thirsty.
If you're using your voice extensively (such as on performance night), drink warm non-caffeinated beverages.
Limit your consumption of alcohol, as it is dehydrating.
3-3. Cut out caffeine.
Coffee dehydrates the vocal cords, so singers should stay away. Instead, pour 1 teaspoon of manuka honey into a mug of warm water and add a few drops of lemon to taste.
The honey and lemon will help stave off any colds or cases of flu.
Try drinking this every morning with breakfast so you don’t forget.
3-4. Warm up your voice.
Before you can start singing the song you’re working on, you need to warm up your voice. Without warming up, your voice will sound rusty and it’s possible over time you could do actual harm to your vocal cords.
Warming up can help you achieve smoother transitions as well as increase the range of your pitch, so don't skip it!
Try going up and down scales a few times to warm up.
Loosen your tongue by saying a tongue twister. Try saying “Mama made me mash my M&M’s” 10 times, picking up the speed each time.
Warm up your body as well. Singers hold tension on their shoulders, necks, backs, faces, and jaws, so stretch and massage those areas to keep them loose.
Tips
Remember to have fun! The best singers are the ones who love performing and using their instrument.
Always have confidence in yourself!
Listen to other people sing before you start. This will give you inspiration.
Warnings
Seek medical attention if you notice any problems, including pain or dizziness while singing, tightness in your jaw, a hoarse voice, or achy, tight shoulders.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Improving Your Technique\\n1-1. Widen and relax your throat.\\nThis is an important step for achieving a rich tone and expanding your range. Let your larynx (which holds your vocal cords) relax down rather than keeping tension in your throat or narrowing it.\\n1-2. Relax your tongue.\\nYour tongue can present a huge obstacle when singing. If the root of your tongue is tight, your throat will constrict and your voice will come out sounding strained.\\nPosition your tongue so the tip is touching your bottom row of teeth.\\nStretch your tongue out and say “Ahh” a few times to warm up your tongue before starting to sing.\\n1-3. Breathe from your diaphragm.\\nYour singing breath comes from a different place than your regular breath does. Concentrate on taking deep breaths from your diaphragm (i.e. your lower lungs).\\nRelease the tension from your body.\\nImagine that there is a rubber ring around your diaphragm.\\nAs you inhale through your nose, try to push the ring outwards.\\nExhale through both your mouth and nose.\\nKeep your shoulders relaxed and level.\\n1-4. Drop your jaw.\\nWhen you clench your jaw, the sound has to come out of a much smaller opening in your mouth. The clenching causes tension, which is then reflected in the way your voice sounds when you sing.\\nFor a wider, fuller sound, drop your jaw as you sing.\\nLoosen your jaw a few times every day to make sure you’re not unconsciously clenching your teeth.\\nTry propping your mouth open with a bottle cork and saying “A-E-I-O-U.”\\n1-5. Use proper speaking and singing posture.\\nSingers rely on their breath to sing well, and if you’re hunched over, you can’t breathe deeply. Stand with your feet apart, and your shoulders back. Keep your chin pointed down and flex your pectorals.\\nAvoid bending over or slouching. You can either crouch or sit or stand up straight when speaking and singing.\\nSingers tend to tip their chins up to try to reach the high notes, but this can cause vocal problems.\\nStand in front of a mirror to watch yourself sing. Make sure you don't start hunching over as the song progresses.\\n2. Strengthening Your Vocal and Performance Skills\\n2-1. Sing for several short sessions with breaks in between every day.\\nIn order to reach your full potential as a singer, you need to practice singing every day to strengthen your vocal cords. Also, the more comfortable you get singing, the better you will be when it’s time to perform in public. However, practice smart not hard--meaning sing for short sessions (like 10 minutes) then take a break before engaging in another session so you don't overuse your voice.\\nTry your best during your practice sessions. If you practice things incorrectly, they will become habits and bad habits are hard to break.\\nKeep a practice journal to help keep track of what you’re working on.\\nWrite down what you’re doing well and what still needs improvement.\\n2-2. Record yourself singing.\\nThe way people sound in their heads is completely different from the way they sound to others. Record your practice sessions, then listen to the recordings and analyze them. This is especially helpful if you are just learning how to sing.\\nListen for notes that are out of tune or places where you sound off key.\\nCheck to see how your voice sounds – does it sound pitchy like you’re running out of breath?\\nOnce you have made your observations, set new goals of how to improve and try to execute on those goals.\\n2-3. Hum in the shower.\\nYou may be familiar with singing in the shower, but for singers, humming is actually more effective. Humming will cause your vocal cords to stretch thinner, improving flexibility and expanding your vocal range.\\nClose your mouth and make an “mmm” sound while pretending you have gum in your mouth.\\nHum scales or your favourite song.\\n2-4. Sing in front of the mirror.\\nA singer’s voice is only part of the package – singers also have to be very strong performers. Singing in front of a mirror will help you gauge how your movements look, judge how well you're emoting and decide how believable you look when you’re performing in character.\\nIf you’re performing for musical theatre, remember to perform in a heightened manner.\\nPractice what you’re going to say in between songs, or as you’re introducing yourself.\\nUse the mirror to see if there are any points where you look scared, or like you’re thinking about what comes next.\\n3. Taking Care of Your Vocal Cords\\n3-1. Sleep regularly.\\nSingers don’t have the luxury of replacing their instrument because their body is their instrument. If you’re low on energy, it will affect your body and your voice.\\nFigure out how much sleep you need every night. Make a bedtime and stick to it.\\nThe more energy you have, the more energy you can use to power your voice.\\n3-2. Hydrate your body.\\nWhen your vocal cords are dry, your voice comes out sounding weak and scratchy. In order to keep your voice sounding strong and healthy, drink water consistently throughout the day. Have a glass of water during every meal and another one during a snack. Carry a water bottle around with you throughout the day so you don’t get thirsty.\\nIf you're using your voice extensively (such as on performance night), drink warm non-caffeinated beverages.\\nLimit your consumption of alcohol, as it is dehydrating.\\n3-3. Cut out caffeine.\\nCoffee dehydrates the vocal cords, so singers should stay away. Instead, pour 1 teaspoon of manuka honey into a mug of warm water and add a few drops of lemon to taste.\\nThe honey and lemon will help stave off any colds or cases of flu.\\nTry drinking this every morning with breakfast so you don’t forget.\\n3-4. Warm up your voice.\\nBefore you can start singing the song you’re working on, you need to warm up your voice. Without warming up, your voice will sound rusty and it’s possible over time you could do actual harm to your vocal cords.\\nWarming up can help you achieve smoother transitions as well as increase the range of your pitch, so don't skip it!\\nTry going up and down scales a few times to warm up.\\nLoosen your tongue by saying a tongue twister. Try saying “Mama made me mash my M&M’s” 10 times, picking up the speed each time.\\nWarm up your body as well. Singers hold tension on their shoulders, necks, backs, faces, and jaws, so stretch and massage those areas to keep them loose.\\nTips\\nRemember to have fun! The best singers are the ones who love performing and using their instrument.\\nAlways have confidence in yourself!\\nListen to other people sing before you start. This will give you inspiration.\\nWarnings\\nSeek medical attention if you notice any problems, including pain or dizziness while singing, tightness in your jaw, a hoarse voice, or achy, tight shoulders.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Singing is an incredibly fun and challenging activity and while many people are naturally gifted, taking lessons is an easy way to take your talent to the next level. Unfortunately, lessons are expensive and often at times not realistic. But there are many ways to strengthen your voice and improve your singing abilities, all of which can be done at home and for free.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Improving Your Technique\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Widen and relax your throat.\", \"描述\": \"This is an important step for achieving a rich tone and expanding your range. Let your larynx (which holds your vocal cords) relax down rather than keeping tension in your throat or narrowing it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Relax your tongue.\", \"描述\": \"Your tongue can present a huge obstacle when singing. If the root of your tongue is tight, your throat will constrict and your voice will come out sounding strained.\\nPosition your tongue so the tip is touching your bottom row of teeth.\\nStretch your tongue out and say “Ahh” a few times to warm up your tongue before starting to sing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Breathe from your diaphragm.\", \"描述\": \"Your singing breath comes from a different place than your regular breath does. Concentrate on taking deep breaths from your diaphragm (i.e. your lower lungs).\\nRelease the tension from your body.\\nImagine that there is a rubber ring around your diaphragm.\\nAs you inhale through your nose, try to push the ring outwards.\\nExhale through both your mouth and nose.\\nKeep your shoulders relaxed and level.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Drop your jaw.\", \"描述\": \"When you clench your jaw, the sound has to come out of a much smaller opening in your mouth. The clenching causes tension, which is then reflected in the way your voice sounds when you sing.\\nFor a wider, fuller sound, drop your jaw as you sing.\\nLoosen your jaw a few times every day to make sure you’re not unconsciously clenching your teeth.\\nTry propping your mouth open with a bottle cork and saying “A-E-I-O-U.”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use proper speaking and singing posture.\", \"描述\": \"Singers rely on their breath to sing well, and if you’re hunched over, you can’t breathe deeply. Stand with your feet apart, and your shoulders back. Keep your chin pointed down and flex your pectorals.\\nAvoid bending over or slouching. You can either crouch or sit or stand up straight when speaking and singing.\\nSingers tend to tip their chins up to try to reach the high notes, but this can cause vocal problems.\\nStand in front of a mirror to watch yourself sing. Make sure you don't start hunching over as the song progresses.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Strengthening Your Vocal and Performance Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sing for several short sessions with breaks in between every day.\", \"描述\": \"In order to reach your full potential as a singer, you need to practice singing every day to strengthen your vocal cords. Also, the more comfortable you get singing, the better you will be when it’s time to perform in public. However, practice smart not hard--meaning sing for short sessions (like 10 minutes) then take a break before engaging in another session so you don't overuse your voice.\\nTry your best during your practice sessions. If you practice things incorrectly, they will become habits and bad habits are hard to break.\\nKeep a practice journal to help keep track of what you’re working on.\\nWrite down what you’re doing well and what still needs improvement.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Record yourself singing.\", \"描述\": \"The way people sound in their heads is completely different from the way they sound to others. Record your practice sessions, then listen to the recordings and analyze them. This is especially helpful if you are just learning how to sing.\\nListen for notes that are out of tune or places where you sound off key.\\nCheck to see how your voice sounds – does it sound pitchy like you’re running out of breath?\\nOnce you have made your observations, set new goals of how to improve and try to execute on those goals.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hum in the shower.\", \"描述\": \"You may be familiar with singing in the shower, but for singers, humming is actually more effective. Humming will cause your vocal cords to stretch thinner, improving flexibility and expanding your vocal range.\\nClose your mouth and make an “mmm” sound while pretending you have gum in your mouth.\\nHum scales or your favourite song.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sing in front of the mirror.\", \"描述\": \"A singer’s voice is only part of the package – singers also have to be very strong performers. Singing in front of a mirror will help you gauge how your movements look, judge how well you're emoting and decide how believable you look when you’re performing in character.\\nIf you’re performing for musical theatre, remember to perform in a heightened manner.\\nPractice what you’re going to say in between songs, or as you’re introducing yourself.\\nUse the mirror to see if there are any points where you look scared, or like you’re thinking about what comes next.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Taking Care of Your Vocal Cords\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sleep regularly.\", \"描述\": \"Singers don’t have the luxury of replacing their instrument because their body is their instrument. If you’re low on energy, it will affect your body and your voice.\\nFigure out how much sleep you need every night. Make a bedtime and stick to it.\\nThe more energy you have, the more energy you can use to power your voice.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Hydrate your body.\", \"描述\": \"When your vocal cords are dry, your voice comes out sounding weak and scratchy. In order to keep your voice sounding strong and healthy, drink water consistently throughout the day. Have a glass of water during every meal and another one during a snack. Carry a water bottle around with you throughout the day so you don’t get thirsty.\\nIf you're using your voice extensively (such as on performance night), drink warm non-caffeinated beverages.\\nLimit your consumption of alcohol, as it is dehydrating.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cut out caffeine.\", \"描述\": \"Coffee dehydrates the vocal cords, so singers should stay away. Instead, pour 1 teaspoon of manuka honey into a mug of warm water and add a few drops of lemon to taste.\\nThe honey and lemon will help stave off any colds or cases of flu.\\nTry drinking this every morning with breakfast so you don’t forget.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Warm up your voice.\", \"描述\": \"Before you can start singing the song you’re working on, you need to warm up your voice. Without warming up, your voice will sound rusty and it’s possible over time you could do actual harm to your vocal cords.\\nWarming up can help you achieve smoother transitions as well as increase the range of your pitch, so don't skip it!\\nTry going up and down scales a few times to warm up.\\nLoosen your tongue by saying a tongue twister. Try saying “Mama made me mash my M&M’s” 10 times, picking up the speed each time.\\nWarm up your body as well. Singers hold tension on their shoulders, necks, backs, faces, and jaws, so stretch and massage those areas to keep them loose.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Remember to have fun! The best singers are the ones who love performing and using their instrument.\\n\", \"Always have confidence in yourself!\\n\", \"Listen to other people sing before you start. This will give you inspiration.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Seek medical attention if you notice any problems, including pain or dizziness while singing, tightness in your jaw, a hoarse voice, or achy, tight shoulders.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,420 |
How to Become a Good Stage Manager
|
1. Preparing in Advance
1-1. Meet with the director and producer.
Though each production is different, odds are at least one of these two will become your new best friend. They definitely have expectations for the production and for you, so start off on the right foot by asking what those are!
Are there any duties they want to do themselves? Some directors like to take things into their own hands. How do they want rehearsals run? Do they have any specific guidelines you should be aware of? And be sure to establish a routine where you two or three can check-in with each other post-rehearsal.
1-2. Be an organizational machine.
Months before rehearsals begin, you'll need to start scheduling and coordinating. A good stage manager can take in all of the scheduling needs from the director, music director, vocal director, choreographer, fight choreographer, dialect coach, movement coach, production manager, costume designer, etc. and reasonably accommodate everyone's needs in a timely manner. Basically the stage manager is a miracle worker. You'll need to come up with the following:
Contact sheet
Rehearsal schedule
Email lists
Conflict calendar
Production calendar
Daily Reports
Properties List (keep updated)
Set Design communicated to all staff (keep updated)
Furniture and Set Decoration list (keep updated)
Costume plot (keep updated)
Set dates for production meetings.
And this is just the paperwork prior to the run...
1-3. Meet with the technical director.
He or she is probably the one that'll give you a set of keys. How else will you be able to do your job? Talk with them about what they see as the biggest obstacles in the show and what you should know about the set up of that specific theatre.
Take a thorough walk around the theatre, familiarizing yourself with everything from emergency exits to the most convenient trash can. This theatre will be home for the next few months -- the quicker you get to know it, the easier your job will be.
1-4. Prepare your Stage Manager kit.
Since you're basically Anne Sullivan and the show is Helen Keller, you need to be prepared for anything. When anything goes wrong, even the director won't be the one everyone turns to: it'll be you. So stock your kit with everything you could possibly need. But here are a few ideas to get your started:
Band-aids
Batteries
Chalk
Erasers
Paper clips
Pens
Ruler
Safety pins
Scissors
Small sewing kit
Stopwatch
Tampons
1-5. Prepare your prompt book.
This starts off with the script blown up in a binder. Make it one-sided, hole punched on the right. That way on the left of the binder you have the script, and to the right of it you can place a blocking sheet (hole punched on the left). If you have a ground plan of your set, add that in too.
You don't have to do it just like this, but you should have something similar. Having a book that has everything you need will keep you sane. Include post-it notes or other markers to make everything easily accessible.
Blocking sheet templates can be found online. You should have a template for everything, really.
1-6. Know the script like the back of your hand.
This show is your baby. You need to know when a "the" gets dropped, when a prop enters a line too late, when the spot is 6 inches (15.2 cm) to the right, etc. Knowing it so well you can see it when you close your eyes sounds stressful, but it makes everything so much easier. Knowing the script will help you:
Generate a scene breakdown
Make a prop plot
Know all costume needs
Be sure to have this done before or during "prep week" -- the week before rehearsals start.
1-7. Form your crew.
Line up the crew that will be working the show and clearly communicate what you know of the show needs to them. Everything is still in its preliminary stages, but the sooner you know you have other people you can depend on, the quicker you can relax.
Your ASM (assistant stage manager) will be your right hand. When you can't be in two places at once, they'll be getting the job done. You'll also need crew for lights, sound, props, and working backstage. The size of your production will determine how many people you need.
2. Running Rehearsals
2-1. Track everything.
After a rehearsal, you basically need to be Rainman. What was that blocking note that the director gave around 7:45? Boom, you have it written down, no worries. You'll be taking notes on blocking, choreography, length of scenes, notes for rehearsal report, lighting and sound cues, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. It seems like overkill until the one time when the entire show hinges on something you have written down on page 47 of your book.
It's imperative that you have a good system of shorthand down pat. And it should be legible if, God forbid, you ever get sick. So besides the standard USL, DSR system, get something consistent down for blocking and choreography patterns and all cues. That way you won't be scrambling 32 counts behind.
2-2. Be the timekeeper.
Every show has that person who's notorious for being late. It's your job to call them up and make sure they're not dead and if they're not dead to chew them out for being late (in a civil way, of course). When everyone and everything's ready, you get the show on the road. When the city wants you out of the building, you're keeping an eye on the clock, too. Otherwise these things will go on for hours.
You're calling breaks, too, and making sure one person with authority doesn't hog all the rehearsal time. Basically you keep things ticking. You're the time and the timekeeper.
2-3. Know that you may be on book.
For some theatres (and provided you're not working a dance show), you'll be the one on book. That means when an actor drops a line, you call it out. You need to constantly be focusing and following along. If an actor doesn't know a line and you're not there to pick up the slack, you're losing seconds constantly and you will end up being behind schedule.
"On book" means you have the script in front of you. Everyone else may be "off book," but you're the one ready with the script because just because everyone is off book doesn't mean they should be. And for the record, actors drop lines all the time.
2-4. Pull props or rehearsal props.
With your props master or mistress, you'll need to coordinate something for rehearsals. They may or may not be the real props, but you'll need something akin to what the actors will actually be working with when the show opens. Requests will naturally crop up as rehearsals progress and you'll need to provide something shortly thereafter. But you know the book so well, you saw that coming, right?
2-5. Spike the stage.
If you're lucky enough to be working in the theatre the show is going up in and you're lucky enough to have a design and the actual props to work with, you'll need to have the stage spiked. That means putting that cool glow tape on the stage where the set pieces go. What colors do you want to use?
Make sure to spike the upstage side of every piece. You don't want tape chillin' in front of every piece you have onstage. The audience might notice that.
2-6. Let the team know when something isn't possible or correct.
There will probably come a time when your director wants Sheila to exit stage right, make a quick change, and enter stage left fifteen seconds later. There will be other times when your director tries to design a hazard symbol from memory and, unbeknownst to her, it turns out more like a flower. It's your job to kill her fierce display of obliviousness -- you have to chime in for the good of the show. If something isn't possible or correct, speak up.
However, it's not your place to offer artistic vision. The only time your opinions should come into play is when the director (or someone similar) asks. You're logistics here, letting them what will work and what won't -- not what vision you think the director should have.
2-7. Delegate.
Obviously, your hands are going to be quite full, and that's one heck of an understatement. Because of this, you need to delegate. That's what your crew is for! Think of the ASM as assistant to the stage manager. Call the shots. Don't be worried about coming off as bossy -- the show needs to go on and you can't do it all yourself.
An easy job to delegate is to make sure the rehearsal space is safe. Sweep (and mop, if necessary) the stage before rehearsal and make sure all is kosher afterward, too. Especially if you're renting the space!
Reset the stage between each scene. Each night there will probably be several scenes that are being rehearsed; it'll be quickest if you or someone on your crew resets the stage instead of watching the actors fumble with things they shouldn't be fumbling with.
Be hands on and ready to pitch in on everything. There is no such thing as "not my job" or a job that's beneath you. This shows that you are not afraid to do a little grunt work and might ensure your job.
2-8. Send out the rehearsal report.
After each rehearsal, you'll need to send out a rehearsal report to all the necessary authorities (producer, directors, etc.). You have a template for that, right? It's in your prompt book? Cool. Talk about any issues, things that will be solved and changed tomorrow, timing, things that got done, notes for each department, and so and so forth. And then email it away with your handy dandy email list you made six months ago.
If there are injuries or one of your actors end up in the ER, you have to hold replacement rehearsals to put in a replacement. This will mess up your schedule, but you'll make do.
2-9. Keep the production meetings running.
It's not enough that you've scheduled them, you gotta keep them on agenda, too. That means discussing budget, safety, publicity, allotting time for each department to chime in, and making sure the calendar is out for the next meeting. And you should probably take a few notes on this too (depending on how well everyone gets along, you know).
Sometimes certain departments will be absent. You are the eyes and ears of the rehearsal hall and your job is communicating clearly and effectively to all of the production departments what is happening in the rehearsal hall and what the director wants. You never want anything to be a surprise come tech week. All departments should know what is happening and what affects them.
There will be a company meeting at the beginning of tech week that you'll be running. That's when you field any last minute questions or concerns, talk about ticketing, emergencies, etc. Run over the procedures and policies of the theatre and let each department add final notes if they'd like.
2-10. Do even more paperwork.
Kinda like a funny joke, right? Now you've gotta make your run sheet for your crew, the tech schedule, blocking script, prompt script, and a calling script (production script). But the good news? That's it for paperwork! Well, apart from the stuff you fill out every day.
Your run sheet is a sheet describing what the crew has to do. Keep it as simple as possible yet still discernible by anyone who walks onto the job never having seen the show before. Basically, you write the cues, what pieces move and where. That's it.
You're calling the cues for sound, light, fly, motor, and stage, so you'll need a calling script for yourself.
3. Running Shows
3-1. Make sure everything and everyone's safe and ready.
Are all the actors and crew present? If not, call 'em. If so, great. Now you have to make sure the deck is swept and mopped, everything is preset for the top of the show and it's all ready to go. If there are any hitches, people will probably come to you. It'll change every night.
3-2. Call times.
You're still the clock, even though you're out of rehearsals. Keep everyone posted on the countdown. Let them know at a half hour before that the house is open. Let them know it's 20 to places. 10 to places. 5 to places. And, finally, places. And make sure they say, "Thank you, 10!" (for example) before you assume they've heard you.
You'll also probably be letting everyone know when the stage is open and closed (for things like flying and whatnot), when physical and vocal warm ups are, etc. Basically when anything happens, you alert the masses.
3-3. Go through headset protocol.
If you have a crew of veterans, this won't be that big of a deal. But the odds of everyone being seasoned aren't great! Assume they could all use a brush up and go over headset protocol. Here are a few things:
You will say "warning" and the cue number and whom it affects ("warning on deck cue 16," for example). The affected person should then say "Thank you, warning."
After a warning, you will say "standby," as in "standby deck cue 16." The affected person should then say, "stage left," or "lights" or whatever their department is. When a standby is called, there is no more talking.
When it is time for the cue, you call "GO." There is no response to this. You are the only one allowed to call the final go.
Headset banter is a natural part of working backstage. It's a great part. Just know when it's appropriate and when it's not.
3-4. Work with the house manager.
Every night you'll have a front of house info sheet to fill out about ticket sales and box office issues. Your house manager and you will work out a system. But for their sake, keep your routine habitual. Try to show up at the same time and place each night so they can predict how things work with you.
Co-ordinate with the front of house manager of when to open the house (generally half an hour before) and when to start the show. Do you hold the show by 5 minutes because the line at the box office is huge? Patrons can't find parking? Is it raining? They'll let you know if anything out of the ordinary is happening out front -- it's just as important as what's happening in the back!
3-5. Call the show.
That headset protocol we talked about? That's the stuff you'll be using to call the show. So at 5 to places, you'll head up to the booth (or wherever you're calling the show from), and your team will assemble. You've talked to the front of house, the headsets are on, the audience is ready, and you're ready to call cue 1. Curtains open!
3-6. Type up a show report.
This is used to tell the production team how it went, the length of the show, the house count, and any problems or anything that needs to be fixed before the next show. With any luck this'll be totally repetitive every night and you'll be able to do it with one eye closed and an arm tied behind your back.
4. Having the Qualities of an Effective SM
4-1. Work with experienced SMs.
You may think years of being a techie is adequate preparation or taking a few classes in high school or college, but it's no substitute for working with a good SM or two. As you can see, SMs have to have people skills, technical skills, foresee problems, and be organized as hell. This position obviously takes a very precise type of person!
While, yes, a good SM can locate a screwdriver in seconds and get to working on a breaking set piece, they can also coordinate with directors and actors -- two very different types of people -- and predict their problems. A good SM has multiple types of intelligence, quite obviously.
4-2. Be a likable leader.
Fine line, huh? You must be likeable but also be able to maintain your authority so that the cast and crew listens to you and respects you. If you aren't likeable no one will ever want to work with you again; if you aren't respected as an authority you cannot ensure the safety of the cast and crew. As you can see, you are an integral cog in the machine of the show. If you don't lead, chaos will ensue.
Establish control from the very first audition. Though a stage manager should not be feared, they should be respected. No need to scare people into listening to you, but don't be afraid to be firm when you need to be. Expect respect from the beginning of the process and respect the ones around you as well.
4-3. Have the director's best interests at heart.
It's important that you have the keen ability to maintain the artistic and technical integrity of the show. It is your job as an SM to maintain the director's vision during the performances of the show, whether there are 5 performances or 500. If things change, you need to rein 'em back in.
Even if you disagree, it's still your job. Does the director want the scene lit so dim that you can barely see the actors? Well...okay. Sure. That's how it's going to work for the rest of the run -- even when the director doesn't show up.
4-4. Stay calm.
If you don't do anything else on this page, take this one little grain of wisdom seriously: It's absolutely imperative that you stay calm. If you lose your cool, everyone else will too. The show will go on, it will be okay, no one will die (probably). So set a good example and stay calm. You have an entire crew that will tackle the problem.
Let's say it one more time for good measure: stay calm. Yeah, you have a billion things on your plate. You do. You won't get the admiration and praise you deserve. You won't get people marveling at your skills. But when something goes wrong, they'll still look to you. Take a breath, take a step back, and deal. You got this.
At rehearsals, always set the tone for a calm and professional atmosphere. Play quiet music, keep loud talk to a minimum and, if possible, work to give the director a few moments alone to gather his thoughts when he walks into the theater. If you begin with a calm atmosphere, you won't have to ask for quiet.
4-5. Know your crew well enough to anticipate problems.
There's going to be a day when your 100-pound little sister is the only one running stage right. It doesn't take a genius to know that when cue 10 rolls around, she's gonna need help rolling on the Trojan horse. It's things like that (and sometimes much less obvious things) that will crop up that you need to provide a solution for.
And, not to mention, people not getting along and certain people being undependable. Who's good with a saw and who's better at untangling pom poms? Who can't pay attention for five minutes straight and who would you trust with your car? Things like that.
In the event of an emergency or fire alarm you are responsible for the cast and crew and their safety. Review the theatre's policies when it comes to feasible emergency situations.
4-6. Be a drill sergeant and a cheerleader.
That firm but likeable thing? That deserves reiteration, too. You need to keep everyone on task and on time and let them know when they're not pulling their weight, but you also need to cheer on the show and be a voice of positivity. Everyone else is stressing out, too.
It's hell week that's going to need the most positivity from you. You have directors wondering if their show is going to come together and actors that are wondering if they're going to make fools out of themselves or not. Know that and cheer them on. So walk into the theatre with a smile and have a good attitude, regardless of what you actually think!
4-7. Apologize when you make a mistake and keep going.
Since you are doing a billion trillion things at once, you will make a mistake. You will make several mistakes. Hopefully not the same mistake twice, but multiple mistakes nonetheless. Apologize and move on. Don't sulk or throw a fit. Everyone makes mistakes. It's a tough gig. You'll learn from it. And now it's in the past.
Everyone in the theatre generally has a preconception of how things should work. They all think something a little different. Since there's no use in accommodating them all, do what feels right to you. Take their suggestions if they're better and ignore them if they're not. But to find what feels right to you, you'll need to mess up. That's good! Just remember to pick right back up where you left off. The show depends on it!
Tips
Always have your script or prompt book! This is so you can write in blocking during rehearsals, know where you are in the script and have all of your lists and information in one place.
Dress comfortably and, more importantly, safely. While those open-toed sandals you got the other day are totally adorable, you may realize they were not the right decision after you drop that huge cabinet you needed for the second act on your big toe.
Prioritize. Make a list of what needs to be done, early, and do things in that order. Other than near emergencies that come up, don't deviate from your list. Otherwise, you will almost certainly forget something or not have time to finish it.
Warnings
Always say please. Just because you are in charge doesn't mean you can be rude and leave your manners behind.
Don't be afraid to say "I don't know". In addition say, "I will find out that information and get back to you as soon as possible." Follow up.
If you don't know an answer to a question find out as soon as possible. And never ever answer a question with out being sure you know the right answer.
Actors will sometimes ask you to do things that are impossible. You can always tell them "no" but do it respectfully. Is there something else you can do to help solve their problem or someone else involved with the production you can send them to?
Remember that you work for the production. You answer to the production manager.
Do not fraternize with the actors or date anyone on the cast or crew while you are working on a show. You are a part of the Management team and you need to have the ability to make decisions based on the production's needs, rather than personal relationships.
A show can develop a poisonous atmosphere because of gossip. This happens at the high school level as well as on professional stages. Refuse to permit any vicious gossip. This means in person, via phone, text or online. Establish strict policies and enforce them.
Remember that this is not a game. Even if you are only stage managing in your high school, take each job seriously. If you are considering stage management as a career, keep in mind that each job builds upon the next and adds to your future success.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing in Advance\\n1-1. Meet with the director and producer.\\nThough each production is different, odds are at least one of these two will become your new best friend. They definitely have expectations for the production and for you, so start off on the right foot by asking what those are!\\nAre there any duties they want to do themselves? Some directors like to take things into their own hands. How do they want rehearsals run? Do they have any specific guidelines you should be aware of? And be sure to establish a routine where you two or three can check-in with each other post-rehearsal.\\n1-2. Be an organizational machine.\\nMonths before rehearsals begin, you'll need to start scheduling and coordinating. A good stage manager can take in all of the scheduling needs from the director, music director, vocal director, choreographer, fight choreographer, dialect coach, movement coach, production manager, costume designer, etc. and reasonably accommodate everyone's needs in a timely manner. Basically the stage manager is a miracle worker. You'll need to come up with the following: \\nContact sheet\\nRehearsal schedule\\nEmail lists\\nConflict calendar\\nProduction calendar\\nDaily Reports\\nProperties List (keep updated)\\nSet Design communicated to all staff (keep updated)\\nFurniture and Set Decoration list (keep updated)\\nCostume plot (keep updated)\\nSet dates for production meetings.\\nAnd this is just the paperwork prior to the run...\\n1-3. Meet with the technical director.\\nHe or she is probably the one that'll give you a set of keys. How else will you be able to do your job? Talk with them about what they see as the biggest obstacles in the show and what you should know about the set up of that specific theatre. \\nTake a thorough walk around the theatre, familiarizing yourself with everything from emergency exits to the most convenient trash can. This theatre will be home for the next few months -- the quicker you get to know it, the easier your job will be.\\n1-4. Prepare your Stage Manager kit.\\nSince you're basically Anne Sullivan and the show is Helen Keller, you need to be prepared for anything. When anything goes wrong, even the director won't be the one everyone turns to: it'll be you. So stock your kit with everything you could possibly need. But here are a few ideas to get your started: \\nBand-aids\\nBatteries\\nChalk\\nErasers\\nPaper clips\\nPens\\nRuler\\nSafety pins\\nScissors\\nSmall sewing kit\\nStopwatch\\nTampons\\n1-5. Prepare your prompt book.\\nThis starts off with the script blown up in a binder. Make it one-sided, hole punched on the right. That way on the left of the binder you have the script, and to the right of it you can place a blocking sheet (hole punched on the left). If you have a ground plan of your set, add that in too. \\nYou don't have to do it just like this, but you should have something similar. Having a book that has everything you need will keep you sane. Include post-it notes or other markers to make everything easily accessible.\\nBlocking sheet templates can be found online. You should have a template for everything, really.\\n1-6. Know the script like the back of your hand.\\nThis show is your baby. You need to know when a \\\"the\\\" gets dropped, when a prop enters a line too late, when the spot is 6 inches (15.2 cm) to the right, etc. Knowing it so well you can see it when you close your eyes sounds stressful, but it makes everything so much easier. Knowing the script will help you: \\nGenerate a scene breakdown\\nMake a prop plot\\nKnow all costume needs\\nBe sure to have this done before or during \\\"prep week\\\" -- the week before rehearsals start.\\n1-7. Form your crew.\\nLine up the crew that will be working the show and clearly communicate what you know of the show needs to them. Everything is still in its preliminary stages, but the sooner you know you have other people you can depend on, the quicker you can relax. \\nYour ASM (assistant stage manager) will be your right hand. When you can't be in two places at once, they'll be getting the job done. You'll also need crew for lights, sound, props, and working backstage. The size of your production will determine how many people you need.\\n2. Running Rehearsals\\n2-1. Track everything.\\nAfter a rehearsal, you basically need to be Rainman. What was that blocking note that the director gave around 7:45? Boom, you have it written down, no worries. You'll be taking notes on blocking, choreography, length of scenes, notes for rehearsal report, lighting and sound cues, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. It seems like overkill until the one time when the entire show hinges on something you have written down on page 47 of your book. \\nIt's imperative that you have a good system of shorthand down pat. And it should be legible if, God forbid, you ever get sick. So besides the standard USL, DSR system, get something consistent down for blocking and choreography patterns and all cues. That way you won't be scrambling 32 counts behind.\\n2-2. Be the timekeeper.\\nEvery show has that person who's notorious for being late. It's your job to call them up and make sure they're not dead and if they're not dead to chew them out for being late (in a civil way, of course). When everyone and everything's ready, you get the show on the road. When the city wants you out of the building, you're keeping an eye on the clock, too. Otherwise these things will go on for hours.\\nYou're calling breaks, too, and making sure one person with authority doesn't hog all the rehearsal time. Basically you keep things ticking. You're the time and the timekeeper.\\n2-3. Know that you may be on book.\\nFor some theatres (and provided you're not working a dance show), you'll be the one on book. That means when an actor drops a line, you call it out. You need to constantly be focusing and following along. If an actor doesn't know a line and you're not there to pick up the slack, you're losing seconds constantly and you will end up being behind schedule.\\n\\\"On book\\\" means you have the script in front of you. Everyone else may be \\\"off book,\\\" but you're the one ready with the script because just because everyone is off book doesn't mean they should be. And for the record, actors drop lines all the time.\\n2-4. Pull props or rehearsal props.\\nWith your props master or mistress, you'll need to coordinate something for rehearsals. They may or may not be the real props, but you'll need something akin to what the actors will actually be working with when the show opens. Requests will naturally crop up as rehearsals progress and you'll need to provide something shortly thereafter. But you know the book so well, you saw that coming, right?\\n2-5. Spike the stage.\\nIf you're lucky enough to be working in the theatre the show is going up in and you're lucky enough to have a design and the actual props to work with, you'll need to have the stage spiked. That means putting that cool glow tape on the stage where the set pieces go. What colors do you want to use?\\nMake sure to spike the upstage side of every piece. You don't want tape chillin' in front of every piece you have onstage. The audience might notice that.\\n2-6. Let the team know when something isn't possible or correct.\\nThere will probably come a time when your director wants Sheila to exit stage right, make a quick change, and enter stage left fifteen seconds later. There will be other times when your director tries to design a hazard symbol from memory and, unbeknownst to her, it turns out more like a flower. It's your job to kill her fierce display of obliviousness -- you have to chime in for the good of the show. If something isn't possible or correct, speak up.\\nHowever, it's not your place to offer artistic vision. The only time your opinions should come into play is when the director (or someone similar) asks. You're logistics here, letting them what will work and what won't -- not what vision you think the director should have.\\n2-7. Delegate.\\nObviously, your hands are going to be quite full, and that's one heck of an understatement. Because of this, you need to delegate. That's what your crew is for! Think of the ASM as assistant to the stage manager. Call the shots. Don't be worried about coming off as bossy -- the show needs to go on and you can't do it all yourself. \\nAn easy job to delegate is to make sure the rehearsal space is safe. Sweep (and mop, if necessary) the stage before rehearsal and make sure all is kosher afterward, too. Especially if you're renting the space!\\nReset the stage between each scene. Each night there will probably be several scenes that are being rehearsed; it'll be quickest if you or someone on your crew resets the stage instead of watching the actors fumble with things they shouldn't be fumbling with.\\nBe hands on and ready to pitch in on everything. There is no such thing as \\\"not my job\\\" or a job that's beneath you. This shows that you are not afraid to do a little grunt work and might ensure your job.\\n2-8. Send out the rehearsal report.\\nAfter each rehearsal, you'll need to send out a rehearsal report to all the necessary authorities (producer, directors, etc.). You have a template for that, right? It's in your prompt book? Cool. Talk about any issues, things that will be solved and changed tomorrow, timing, things that got done, notes for each department, and so and so forth. And then email it away with your handy dandy email list you made six months ago. \\nIf there are injuries or one of your actors end up in the ER, you have to hold replacement rehearsals to put in a replacement. This will mess up your schedule, but you'll make do.\\n2-9. Keep the production meetings running.\\nIt's not enough that you've scheduled them, you gotta keep them on agenda, too. That means discussing budget, safety, publicity, allotting time for each department to chime in, and making sure the calendar is out for the next meeting. And you should probably take a few notes on this too (depending on how well everyone gets along, you know). \\nSometimes certain departments will be absent. You are the eyes and ears of the rehearsal hall and your job is communicating clearly and effectively to all of the production departments what is happening in the rehearsal hall and what the director wants. You never want anything to be a surprise come tech week. All departments should know what is happening and what affects them.\\nThere will be a company meeting at the beginning of tech week that you'll be running. That's when you field any last minute questions or concerns, talk about ticketing, emergencies, etc. Run over the procedures and policies of the theatre and let each department add final notes if they'd like.\\n2-10. Do even more paperwork.\\nKinda like a funny joke, right? Now you've gotta make your run sheet for your crew, the tech schedule, blocking script, prompt script, and a calling script (production script). But the good news? That's it for paperwork! Well, apart from the stuff you fill out every day. \\nYour run sheet is a sheet describing what the crew has to do. Keep it as simple as possible yet still discernible by anyone who walks onto the job never having seen the show before. Basically, you write the cues, what pieces move and where. That's it.\\nYou're calling the cues for sound, light, fly, motor, and stage, so you'll need a calling script for yourself.\\n3. Running Shows\\n3-1. Make sure everything and everyone's safe and ready.\\nAre all the actors and crew present? If not, call 'em. If so, great. Now you have to make sure the deck is swept and mopped, everything is preset for the top of the show and it's all ready to go. If there are any hitches, people will probably come to you. It'll change every night.\\n3-2. Call times.\\nYou're still the clock, even though you're out of rehearsals. Keep everyone posted on the countdown. Let them know at a half hour before that the house is open. Let them know it's 20 to places. 10 to places. 5 to places. And, finally, places. And make sure they say, \\\"Thank you, 10!\\\" (for example) before you assume they've heard you. \\nYou'll also probably be letting everyone know when the stage is open and closed (for things like flying and whatnot), when physical and vocal warm ups are, etc. Basically when anything happens, you alert the masses.\\n3-3. Go through headset protocol.\\nIf you have a crew of veterans, this won't be that big of a deal. But the odds of everyone being seasoned aren't great! Assume they could all use a brush up and go over headset protocol. Here are a few things: \\nYou will say \\\"warning\\\" and the cue number and whom it affects (\\\"warning on deck cue 16,\\\" for example). The affected person should then say \\\"Thank you, warning.\\\"\\nAfter a warning, you will say \\\"standby,\\\" as in \\\"standby deck cue 16.\\\" The affected person should then say, \\\"stage left,\\\" or \\\"lights\\\" or whatever their department is. When a standby is called, there is no more talking.\\nWhen it is time for the cue, you call \\\"GO.\\\" There is no response to this. You are the only one allowed to call the final go.\\nHeadset banter is a natural part of working backstage. It's a great part. Just know when it's appropriate and when it's not.\\n3-4. Work with the house manager.\\nEvery night you'll have a front of house info sheet to fill out about ticket sales and box office issues. Your house manager and you will work out a system. But for their sake, keep your routine habitual. Try to show up at the same time and place each night so they can predict how things work with you.\\nCo-ordinate with the front of house manager of when to open the house (generally half an hour before) and when to start the show. Do you hold the show by 5 minutes because the line at the box office is huge? Patrons can't find parking? Is it raining? They'll let you know if anything out of the ordinary is happening out front -- it's just as important as what's happening in the back!\\n3-5. Call the show.\\nThat headset protocol we talked about? That's the stuff you'll be using to call the show. So at 5 to places, you'll head up to the booth (or wherever you're calling the show from), and your team will assemble. You've talked to the front of house, the headsets are on, the audience is ready, and you're ready to call cue 1. Curtains open!\\n3-6. Type up a show report.\\nThis is used to tell the production team how it went, the length of the show, the house count, and any problems or anything that needs to be fixed before the next show. With any luck this'll be totally repetitive every night and you'll be able to do it with one eye closed and an arm tied behind your back.\\n4. Having the Qualities of an Effective SM\\n4-1. Work with experienced SMs.\\nYou may think years of being a techie is adequate preparation or taking a few classes in high school or college, but it's no substitute for working with a good SM or two. As you can see, SMs have to have people skills, technical skills, foresee problems, and be organized as hell. This position obviously takes a very precise type of person! \\nWhile, yes, a good SM can locate a screwdriver in seconds and get to working on a breaking set piece, they can also coordinate with directors and actors -- two very different types of people -- and predict their problems. A good SM has multiple types of intelligence, quite obviously.\\n4-2. Be a likable leader.\\nFine line, huh? You must be likeable but also be able to maintain your authority so that the cast and crew listens to you and respects you. If you aren't likeable no one will ever want to work with you again; if you aren't respected as an authority you cannot ensure the safety of the cast and crew. As you can see, you are an integral cog in the machine of the show. If you don't lead, chaos will ensue. \\nEstablish control from the very first audition. Though a stage manager should not be feared, they should be respected. No need to scare people into listening to you, but don't be afraid to be firm when you need to be. Expect respect from the beginning of the process and respect the ones around you as well.\\n4-3. Have the director's best interests at heart.\\nIt's important that you have the keen ability to maintain the artistic and technical integrity of the show. It is your job as an SM to maintain the director's vision during the performances of the show, whether there are 5 performances or 500. If things change, you need to rein 'em back in.\\nEven if you disagree, it's still your job. Does the director want the scene lit so dim that you can barely see the actors? Well...okay. Sure. That's how it's going to work for the rest of the run -- even when the director doesn't show up.\\n4-4. Stay calm.\\nIf you don't do anything else on this page, take this one little grain of wisdom seriously: It's absolutely imperative that you stay calm. If you lose your cool, everyone else will too. The show will go on, it will be okay, no one will die (probably). So set a good example and stay calm. You have an entire crew that will tackle the problem. \\nLet's say it one more time for good measure: stay calm. Yeah, you have a billion things on your plate. You do. You won't get the admiration and praise you deserve. You won't get people marveling at your skills. But when something goes wrong, they'll still look to you. Take a breath, take a step back, and deal. You got this.\\nAt rehearsals, always set the tone for a calm and professional atmosphere. Play quiet music, keep loud talk to a minimum and, if possible, work to give the director a few moments alone to gather his thoughts when he walks into the theater. If you begin with a calm atmosphere, you won't have to ask for quiet.\\n4-5. Know your crew well enough to anticipate problems.\\nThere's going to be a day when your 100-pound little sister is the only one running stage right. It doesn't take a genius to know that when cue 10 rolls around, she's gonna need help rolling on the Trojan horse. It's things like that (and sometimes much less obvious things) that will crop up that you need to provide a solution for.\\nAnd, not to mention, people not getting along and certain people being undependable. Who's good with a saw and who's better at untangling pom poms? Who can't pay attention for five minutes straight and who would you trust with your car? Things like that.\\nIn the event of an emergency or fire alarm you are responsible for the cast and crew and their safety. Review the theatre's policies when it comes to feasible emergency situations.\\n4-6. Be a drill sergeant and a cheerleader.\\nThat firm but likeable thing? That deserves reiteration, too. You need to keep everyone on task and on time and let them know when they're not pulling their weight, but you also need to cheer on the show and be a voice of positivity. Everyone else is stressing out, too.\\nIt's hell week that's going to need the most positivity from you. You have directors wondering if their show is going to come together and actors that are wondering if they're going to make fools out of themselves or not. Know that and cheer them on. So walk into the theatre with a smile and have a good attitude, regardless of what you actually think!\\n4-7. Apologize when you make a mistake and keep going.\\nSince you are doing a billion trillion things at once, you will make a mistake. You will make several mistakes. Hopefully not the same mistake twice, but multiple mistakes nonetheless. Apologize and move on. Don't sulk or throw a fit. Everyone makes mistakes. It's a tough gig. You'll learn from it. And now it's in the past.\\nEveryone in the theatre generally has a preconception of how things should work. They all think something a little different. Since there's no use in accommodating them all, do what feels right to you. Take their suggestions if they're better and ignore them if they're not. But to find what feels right to you, you'll need to mess up. That's good! Just remember to pick right back up where you left off. The show depends on it!\\nTips\\nAlways have your script or prompt book! This is so you can write in blocking during rehearsals, know where you are in the script and have all of your lists and information in one place.\\nDress comfortably and, more importantly, safely. While those open-toed sandals you got the other day are totally adorable, you may realize they were not the right decision after you drop that huge cabinet you needed for the second act on your big toe.\\nPrioritize. Make a list of what needs to be done, early, and do things in that order. Other than near emergencies that come up, don't deviate from your list. Otherwise, you will almost certainly forget something or not have time to finish it.\\nWarnings\\nAlways say please. Just because you are in charge doesn't mean you can be rude and leave your manners behind.\\nDon't be afraid to say \\\"I don't know\\\". In addition say, \\\"I will find out that information and get back to you as soon as possible.\\\" Follow up.\\nIf you don't know an answer to a question find out as soon as possible. And never ever answer a question with out being sure you know the right answer.\\nActors will sometimes ask you to do things that are impossible. You can always tell them \\\"no\\\" but do it respectfully. Is there something else you can do to help solve their problem or someone else involved with the production you can send them to?\\nRemember that you work for the production. You answer to the production manager.\\nDo not fraternize with the actors or date anyone on the cast or crew while you are working on a show. You are a part of the Management team and you need to have the ability to make decisions based on the production's needs, rather than personal relationships.\\nA show can develop a poisonous atmosphere because of gossip. This happens at the high school level as well as on professional stages. Refuse to permit any vicious gossip. This means in person, via phone, text or online. Establish strict policies and enforce them.\\nRemember that this is not a game. Even if you are only stage managing in your high school, take each job seriously. If you are considering stage management as a career, keep in mind that each job builds upon the next and adds to your future success.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Stage Management is an art that is learned through extended study, mentoring, and experience. In the world of professional theatre, the stage manager is one of the most important players. Far more than just calling cues, the stage manager's position starts months before rehearsal and continues at 110% throughout the run, maintaining the artistic integrity of the show. Think you got what it takes?\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing in Advance\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet with the director and producer.\", \"描述\": \"Though each production is different, odds are at least one of these two will become your new best friend. They definitely have expectations for the production and for you, so start off on the right foot by asking what those are!\\nAre there any duties they want to do themselves? Some directors like to take things into their own hands. How do they want rehearsals run? Do they have any specific guidelines you should be aware of? And be sure to establish a routine where you two or three can check-in with each other post-rehearsal.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be an organizational machine.\", \"描述\": \"Months before rehearsals begin, you'll need to start scheduling and coordinating. A good stage manager can take in all of the scheduling needs from the director, music director, vocal director, choreographer, fight choreographer, dialect coach, movement coach, production manager, costume designer, etc. and reasonably accommodate everyone's needs in a timely manner. Basically the stage manager is a miracle worker. You'll need to come up with the following: \\nContact sheet\\nRehearsal schedule\\nEmail lists\\nConflict calendar\\nProduction calendar\\nDaily Reports\\nProperties List (keep updated)\\nSet Design communicated to all staff (keep updated)\\nFurniture and Set Decoration list (keep updated)\\nCostume plot (keep updated)\\nSet dates for production meetings.\\nAnd this is just the paperwork prior to the run...\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Meet with the technical director.\", \"描述\": \"He or she is probably the one that'll give you a set of keys. How else will you be able to do your job? Talk with them about what they see as the biggest obstacles in the show and what you should know about the set up of that specific theatre. \\nTake a thorough walk around the theatre, familiarizing yourself with everything from emergency exits to the most convenient trash can. This theatre will be home for the next few months -- the quicker you get to know it, the easier your job will be.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Prepare your Stage Manager kit.\", \"描述\": \"Since you're basically Anne Sullivan and the show is Helen Keller, you need to be prepared for anything. When anything goes wrong, even the director won't be the one everyone turns to: it'll be you. So stock your kit with everything you could possibly need. But here are a few ideas to get your started: \\nBand-aids\\nBatteries\\nChalk\\nErasers\\nPaper clips\\nPens\\nRuler\\nSafety pins\\nScissors\\nSmall sewing kit\\nStopwatch\\nTampons\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Prepare your prompt book.\", \"描述\": \"This starts off with the script blown up in a binder. Make it one-sided, hole punched on the right. That way on the left of the binder you have the script, and to the right of it you can place a blocking sheet (hole punched on the left). If you have a ground plan of your set, add that in too. \\nYou don't have to do it just like this, but you should have something similar. Having a book that has everything you need will keep you sane. Include post-it notes or other markers to make everything easily accessible.\\nBlocking sheet templates can be found online. You should have a template for everything, really.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Know the script like the back of your hand.\", \"描述\": \"This show is your baby. You need to know when a \\\"the\\\" gets dropped, when a prop enters a line too late, when the spot is 6 inches (15.2 cm) to the right, etc. Knowing it so well you can see it when you close your eyes sounds stressful, but it makes everything so much easier. Knowing the script will help you: \\nGenerate a scene breakdown\\nMake a prop plot\\nKnow all costume needs\\nBe sure to have this done before or during \\\"prep week\\\" -- the week before rehearsals start.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Form your crew.\", \"描述\": \"Line up the crew that will be working the show and clearly communicate what you know of the show needs to them. Everything is still in its preliminary stages, but the sooner you know you have other people you can depend on, the quicker you can relax. \\nYour ASM (assistant stage manager) will be your right hand. When you can't be in two places at once, they'll be getting the job done. You'll also need crew for lights, sound, props, and working backstage. The size of your production will determine how many people you need.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Running Rehearsals\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Track everything.\", \"描述\": \"After a rehearsal, you basically need to be Rainman. What was that blocking note that the director gave around 7:45? Boom, you have it written down, no worries. You'll be taking notes on blocking, choreography, length of scenes, notes for rehearsal report, lighting and sound cues, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. It seems like overkill until the one time when the entire show hinges on something you have written down on page 47 of your book. \\nIt's imperative that you have a good system of shorthand down pat. And it should be legible if, God forbid, you ever get sick. So besides the standard USL, DSR system, get something consistent down for blocking and choreography patterns and all cues. That way you won't be scrambling 32 counts behind.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be the timekeeper.\", \"描述\": \"Every show has that person who's notorious for being late. It's your job to call them up and make sure they're not dead and if they're not dead to chew them out for being late (in a civil way, of course). When everyone and everything's ready, you get the show on the road. When the city wants you out of the building, you're keeping an eye on the clock, too. Otherwise these things will go on for hours.\\nYou're calling breaks, too, and making sure one person with authority doesn't hog all the rehearsal time. Basically you keep things ticking. You're the time and the timekeeper.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Know that you may be on book.\", \"描述\": \"For some theatres (and provided you're not working a dance show), you'll be the one on book. That means when an actor drops a line, you call it out. You need to constantly be focusing and following along. If an actor doesn't know a line and you're not there to pick up the slack, you're losing seconds constantly and you will end up being behind schedule.\\n\\\"On book\\\" means you have the script in front of you. Everyone else may be \\\"off book,\\\" but you're the one ready with the script because just because everyone is off book doesn't mean they should be. And for the record, actors drop lines all the time.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pull props or rehearsal props.\", \"描述\": \"With your props master or mistress, you'll need to coordinate something for rehearsals. They may or may not be the real props, but you'll need something akin to what the actors will actually be working with when the show opens. Requests will naturally crop up as rehearsals progress and you'll need to provide something shortly thereafter. But you know the book so well, you saw that coming, right?\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Spike the stage.\", \"描述\": \"If you're lucky enough to be working in the theatre the show is going up in and you're lucky enough to have a design and the actual props to work with, you'll need to have the stage spiked. That means putting that cool glow tape on the stage where the set pieces go. What colors do you want to use?\\nMake sure to spike the upstage side of every piece. You don't want tape chillin' in front of every piece you have onstage. The audience might notice that.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Let the team know when something isn't possible or correct.\", \"描述\": \"There will probably come a time when your director wants Sheila to exit stage right, make a quick change, and enter stage left fifteen seconds later. There will be other times when your director tries to design a hazard symbol from memory and, unbeknownst to her, it turns out more like a flower. It's your job to kill her fierce display of obliviousness -- you have to chime in for the good of the show. If something isn't possible or correct, speak up.\\nHowever, it's not your place to offer artistic vision. The only time your opinions should come into play is when the director (or someone similar) asks. You're logistics here, letting them what will work and what won't -- not what vision you think the director should have.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Delegate.\", \"描述\": \"Obviously, your hands are going to be quite full, and that's one heck of an understatement. Because of this, you need to delegate. That's what your crew is for! Think of the ASM as assistant to the stage manager. Call the shots. Don't be worried about coming off as bossy -- the show needs to go on and you can't do it all yourself. \\nAn easy job to delegate is to make sure the rehearsal space is safe. Sweep (and mop, if necessary) the stage before rehearsal and make sure all is kosher afterward, too. Especially if you're renting the space!\\nReset the stage between each scene. Each night there will probably be several scenes that are being rehearsed; it'll be quickest if you or someone on your crew resets the stage instead of watching the actors fumble with things they shouldn't be fumbling with.\\nBe hands on and ready to pitch in on everything. There is no such thing as \\\"not my job\\\" or a job that's beneath you. This shows that you are not afraid to do a little grunt work and might ensure your job.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Send out the rehearsal report.\", \"描述\": \"After each rehearsal, you'll need to send out a rehearsal report to all the necessary authorities (producer, directors, etc.). You have a template for that, right? It's in your prompt book? Cool. Talk about any issues, things that will be solved and changed tomorrow, timing, things that got done, notes for each department, and so and so forth. And then email it away with your handy dandy email list you made six months ago. \\nIf there are injuries or one of your actors end up in the ER, you have to hold replacement rehearsals to put in a replacement. This will mess up your schedule, but you'll make do.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Keep the production meetings running.\", \"描述\": \"It's not enough that you've scheduled them, you gotta keep them on agenda, too. That means discussing budget, safety, publicity, allotting time for each department to chime in, and making sure the calendar is out for the next meeting. And you should probably take a few notes on this too (depending on how well everyone gets along, you know). \\nSometimes certain departments will be absent. You are the eyes and ears of the rehearsal hall and your job is communicating clearly and effectively to all of the production departments what is happening in the rehearsal hall and what the director wants. You never want anything to be a surprise come tech week. All departments should know what is happening and what affects them.\\nThere will be a company meeting at the beginning of tech week that you'll be running. That's when you field any last minute questions or concerns, talk about ticketing, emergencies, etc. Run over the procedures and policies of the theatre and let each department add final notes if they'd like.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Do even more paperwork.\", \"描述\": \"Kinda like a funny joke, right? Now you've gotta make your run sheet for your crew, the tech schedule, blocking script, prompt script, and a calling script (production script). But the good news? That's it for paperwork! Well, apart from the stuff you fill out every day. \\nYour run sheet is a sheet describing what the crew has to do. Keep it as simple as possible yet still discernible by anyone who walks onto the job never having seen the show before. Basically, you write the cues, what pieces move and where. That's it.\\nYou're calling the cues for sound, light, fly, motor, and stage, so you'll need a calling script for yourself.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Running Shows\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make sure everything and everyone's safe and ready.\", \"描述\": \"Are all the actors and crew present? If not, call 'em. If so, great. Now you have to make sure the deck is swept and mopped, everything is preset for the top of the show and it's all ready to go. If there are any hitches, people will probably come to you. It'll change every night.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Call times.\", \"描述\": \"You're still the clock, even though you're out of rehearsals. Keep everyone posted on the countdown. Let them know at a half hour before that the house is open. Let them know it's 20 to places. 10 to places. 5 to places. And, finally, places. And make sure they say, \\\"Thank you, 10!\\\" (for example) before you assume they've heard you. \\nYou'll also probably be letting everyone know when the stage is open and closed (for things like flying and whatnot), when physical and vocal warm ups are, etc. Basically when anything happens, you alert the masses.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Go through headset protocol.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a crew of veterans, this won't be that big of a deal. But the odds of everyone being seasoned aren't great! Assume they could all use a brush up and go over headset protocol. Here are a few things: \\nYou will say \\\"warning\\\" and the cue number and whom it affects (\\\"warning on deck cue 16,\\\" for example). The affected person should then say \\\"Thank you, warning.\\\"\\nAfter a warning, you will say \\\"standby,\\\" as in \\\"standby deck cue 16.\\\" The affected person should then say, \\\"stage left,\\\" or \\\"lights\\\" or whatever their department is. When a standby is called, there is no more talking.\\nWhen it is time for the cue, you call \\\"GO.\\\" There is no response to this. You are the only one allowed to call the final go.\\nHeadset banter is a natural part of working backstage. It's a great part. Just know when it's appropriate and when it's not.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work with the house manager.\", \"描述\": \"Every night you'll have a front of house info sheet to fill out about ticket sales and box office issues. Your house manager and you will work out a system. But for their sake, keep your routine habitual. Try to show up at the same time and place each night so they can predict how things work with you.\\nCo-ordinate with the front of house manager of when to open the house (generally half an hour before) and when to start the show. Do you hold the show by 5 minutes because the line at the box office is huge? Patrons can't find parking? Is it raining? They'll let you know if anything out of the ordinary is happening out front -- it's just as important as what's happening in the back!\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Call the show.\", \"描述\": \"That headset protocol we talked about? That's the stuff you'll be using to call the show. So at 5 to places, you'll head up to the booth (or wherever you're calling the show from), and your team will assemble. You've talked to the front of house, the headsets are on, the audience is ready, and you're ready to call cue 1. Curtains open!\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Type up a show report.\", \"描述\": \"This is used to tell the production team how it went, the length of the show, the house count, and any problems or anything that needs to be fixed before the next show. With any luck this'll be totally repetitive every night and you'll be able to do it with one eye closed and an arm tied behind your back.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Having the Qualities of an Effective SM\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work with experienced SMs.\", \"描述\": \"You may think years of being a techie is adequate preparation or taking a few classes in high school or college, but it's no substitute for working with a good SM or two. As you can see, SMs have to have people skills, technical skills, foresee problems, and be organized as hell. This position obviously takes a very precise type of person! \\nWhile, yes, a good SM can locate a screwdriver in seconds and get to working on a breaking set piece, they can also coordinate with directors and actors -- two very different types of people -- and predict their problems. A good SM has multiple types of intelligence, quite obviously.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be a likable leader.\", \"描述\": \"Fine line, huh? You must be likeable but also be able to maintain your authority so that the cast and crew listens to you and respects you. If you aren't likeable no one will ever want to work with you again; if you aren't respected as an authority you cannot ensure the safety of the cast and crew. As you can see, you are an integral cog in the machine of the show. If you don't lead, chaos will ensue. \\nEstablish control from the very first audition. Though a stage manager should not be feared, they should be respected. No need to scare people into listening to you, but don't be afraid to be firm when you need to be. Expect respect from the beginning of the process and respect the ones around you as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have the director's best interests at heart.\", \"描述\": \"It's important that you have the keen ability to maintain the artistic and technical integrity of the show. It is your job as an SM to maintain the director's vision during the performances of the show, whether there are 5 performances or 500. If things change, you need to rein 'em back in.\\nEven if you disagree, it's still your job. Does the director want the scene lit so dim that you can barely see the actors? Well...okay. Sure. That's how it's going to work for the rest of the run -- even when the director doesn't show up.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stay calm.\", \"描述\": \"If you don't do anything else on this page, take this one little grain of wisdom seriously: It's absolutely imperative that you stay calm. If you lose your cool, everyone else will too. The show will go on, it will be okay, no one will die (probably). So set a good example and stay calm. You have an entire crew that will tackle the problem. \\nLet's say it one more time for good measure: stay calm. Yeah, you have a billion things on your plate. You do. You won't get the admiration and praise you deserve. You won't get people marveling at your skills. But when something goes wrong, they'll still look to you. Take a breath, take a step back, and deal. You got this.\\nAt rehearsals, always set the tone for a calm and professional atmosphere. Play quiet music, keep loud talk to a minimum and, if possible, work to give the director a few moments alone to gather his thoughts when he walks into the theater. If you begin with a calm atmosphere, you won't have to ask for quiet.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Know your crew well enough to anticipate problems.\", \"描述\": \"There's going to be a day when your 100-pound little sister is the only one running stage right. It doesn't take a genius to know that when cue 10 rolls around, she's gonna need help rolling on the Trojan horse. It's things like that (and sometimes much less obvious things) that will crop up that you need to provide a solution for.\\nAnd, not to mention, people not getting along and certain people being undependable. Who's good with a saw and who's better at untangling pom poms? Who can't pay attention for five minutes straight and who would you trust with your car? Things like that.\\nIn the event of an emergency or fire alarm you are responsible for the cast and crew and their safety. Review the theatre's policies when it comes to feasible emergency situations.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be a drill sergeant and a cheerleader.\", \"描述\": \"That firm but likeable thing? That deserves reiteration, too. You need to keep everyone on task and on time and let them know when they're not pulling their weight, but you also need to cheer on the show and be a voice of positivity. Everyone else is stressing out, too.\\nIt's hell week that's going to need the most positivity from you. You have directors wondering if their show is going to come together and actors that are wondering if they're going to make fools out of themselves or not. Know that and cheer them on. So walk into the theatre with a smile and have a good attitude, regardless of what you actually think!\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Apologize when you make a mistake and keep going.\", \"描述\": \"Since you are doing a billion trillion things at once, you will make a mistake. You will make several mistakes. Hopefully not the same mistake twice, but multiple mistakes nonetheless. Apologize and move on. Don't sulk or throw a fit. Everyone makes mistakes. It's a tough gig. You'll learn from it. And now it's in the past.\\nEveryone in the theatre generally has a preconception of how things should work. They all think something a little different. Since there's no use in accommodating them all, do what feels right to you. Take their suggestions if they're better and ignore them if they're not. But to find what feels right to you, you'll need to mess up. That's good! Just remember to pick right back up where you left off. The show depends on it!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Always have your script or prompt book! This is so you can write in blocking during rehearsals, know where you are in the script and have all of your lists and information in one place.\\n\", \"Dress comfortably and, more importantly, safely. While those open-toed sandals you got the other day are totally adorable, you may realize they were not the right decision after you drop that huge cabinet you needed for the second act on your big toe.\\n\", \"Prioritize. Make a list of what needs to be done, early, and do things in that order. Other than near emergencies that come up, don't deviate from your list. Otherwise, you will almost certainly forget something or not have time to finish it.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Always say please. Just because you are in charge doesn't mean you can be rude and leave your manners behind.\\n\", \"Don't be afraid to say \\\"I don't know\\\". In addition say, \\\"I will find out that information and get back to you as soon as possible.\\\" Follow up.\\n\", \"If you don't know an answer to a question find out as soon as possible. And never ever answer a question with out being sure you know the right answer.\\n\", \"Actors will sometimes ask you to do things that are impossible. You can always tell them \\\"no\\\" but do it respectfully. Is there something else you can do to help solve their problem or someone else involved with the production you can send them to?\\n\", \"Remember that you work for the production. You answer to the production manager.\\n\", \"Do not fraternize with the actors or date anyone on the cast or crew while you are working on a show. You are a part of the Management team and you need to have the ability to make decisions based on the production's needs, rather than personal relationships.\\n\", \"A show can develop a poisonous atmosphere because of gossip. This happens at the high school level as well as on professional stages. Refuse to permit any vicious gossip. This means in person, via phone, text or online. Establish strict policies and enforce them.\\n\", \"Remember that this is not a game. Even if you are only stage managing in your high school, take each job seriously. If you are considering stage management as a career, keep in mind that each job builds upon the next and adds to your future success.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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How to Become a Goodreads Librarian
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1. Steps
1-1. Visit and log into the Goodreads website.
1-2. Make sure that you have at least shelved 50 books.
They don't all have to be in the read or to-read shelf, but would help if you have some in each shelf. Make sure you have read, reviewed and rated some books.
1-3. Understand how to add new books.
Become familiar with the subtleties; for example, you'll want to know when a book should be added as "new" and when it's just a new version of an existing book, instead.
1-4. Learn how to work with alternate book source information data, and where this data can come from and from where it can not.
Although most Amazon sources, as well as WorldCat and some other sites, are okay, most Barnes and Noble sites aren't okay to take book information from.
1-5. Read through the Librarian Manual.
The Librarian Manual will give you some great information on the permissions and responsibilities of being a librarian.
1-6. Visit the Librarian Program's application page.
1-7. Read down the page.
Recognize that Librarianship is a responsibility and that all changes you make to the pages will affect what others see on the book pages.
1-8. Click the Take quiz button to take the Librarian Quiz.
You have 30 minutes to complete the quiz.
The quiz is "open book", meaning that while taking the quiz you are allowed to use the Goodreads Librarian Manual as a reference.
80% is the minimum passing score, but the lower the score, the more the Goodreads approval team will look at other factors. Additionally, even perfect scores still need to provide a good reason before being approved as Librarians.
The quiz can only be taken once every 24 hours.
If you see any wrong answers, typos, or have other feedback about the quiz, reach out to Goodreads via the Goodreads Contact Us form.
1-9. Write why you feel you'd be a great Goodreads Librarian.
Enter this into the box underneath the label "Why do you want to be a Goodreads Librarian?"
Show Goodreads that you can be trusted with the rights of a librarian; you can say it outright or demonstrate it with the rest of your answers. If you've taken on admin/moderation roles on other sites or in other communities, you might want to mention that, too.
Address why you want to do it . Explain that you see inaccuracies in the site and would like to help out with correcting these inaccuracies. For example, you can start out explaining that you'd like to help correct page numbering issues.
Give them reason to believe that you take the role seriously and are willing and able to get it right. For example, you might highlight tasks you've done like adding cover pictures from on your own scans (ISBN to ISBN versions) or (for Amazon Kindle/book information. You can use the phrase "I will do the best I can to provide the most accurate data possible" to reinforce the point that you will take the responsibilities seriously.
Demonstrate that you understand their policies. For example, explain that you can merge and unmerge items responsibly. If you've commented in the Librarians group, you can highlight that participation; this is a great place for them to understand that you have learned what can be and can not be merged or unmerged.
Give them an idea of the status of your shelves. Demonstrate that you understand the workings of the Goodreads site, including how books can be reviewed, shelved to other shelves, and updated.
1-10. Review the application statement:
"I promise that I have read the librarian manual and will be accurate in my edits and use my librarian status responsibly". If you can attest to that, check the box. If not, you might want to hold back and wait until you can.
1-11. Click the "Apply now" button.
1-12. Wait for an approval email from Goodreads.
It should have a subject line of "librarian status". Hopefully you'll be approved!
Tips
Join the Goodreads Librarian Group before or after you have been accepted, to see what other books have issues that you can help in.
Warnings
Once you are accepted, the official mobile phone apps of Goodreads won't allow you to make any edits. You will need to make all of your edits via the full Goodreads website for the book in question.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Visit and log into the Goodreads website.\\n\\n1-2. Make sure that you have at least shelved 50 books.\\nThey don't all have to be in the read or to-read shelf, but would help if you have some in each shelf. Make sure you have read, reviewed and rated some books.\\n1-3. Understand how to add new books.\\nBecome familiar with the subtleties; for example, you'll want to know when a book should be added as \\\"new\\\" and when it's just a new version of an existing book, instead.\\n1-4. Learn how to work with alternate book source information data, and where this data can come from and from where it can not.\\nAlthough most Amazon sources, as well as WorldCat and some other sites, are okay, most Barnes and Noble sites aren't okay to take book information from.\\n1-5. Read through the Librarian Manual.\\nThe Librarian Manual will give you some great information on the permissions and responsibilities of being a librarian.\\n1-6. Visit the Librarian Program's application page.\\n\\n1-7. Read down the page.\\nRecognize that Librarianship is a responsibility and that all changes you make to the pages will affect what others see on the book pages.\\n1-8. Click the Take quiz button to take the Librarian Quiz.\\nYou have 30 minutes to complete the quiz.\\nThe quiz is \\\"open book\\\", meaning that while taking the quiz you are allowed to use the Goodreads Librarian Manual as a reference.\\n80% is the minimum passing score, but the lower the score, the more the Goodreads approval team will look at other factors. Additionally, even perfect scores still need to provide a good reason before being approved as Librarians.\\nThe quiz can only be taken once every 24 hours.\\nIf you see any wrong answers, typos, or have other feedback about the quiz, reach out to Goodreads via the Goodreads Contact Us form.\\n1-9. Write why you feel you'd be a great Goodreads Librarian.\\nEnter this into the box underneath the label \\\"Why do you want to be a Goodreads Librarian?\\\"\\nShow Goodreads that you can be trusted with the rights of a librarian; you can say it outright or demonstrate it with the rest of your answers. If you've taken on admin/moderation roles on other sites or in other communities, you might want to mention that, too.\\nAddress why you want to do it . Explain that you see inaccuracies in the site and would like to help out with correcting these inaccuracies. For example, you can start out explaining that you'd like to help correct page numbering issues.\\nGive them reason to believe that you take the role seriously and are willing and able to get it right. For example, you might highlight tasks you've done like adding cover pictures from on your own scans (ISBN to ISBN versions) or (for Amazon Kindle/book information. You can use the phrase \\\"I will do the best I can to provide the most accurate data possible\\\" to reinforce the point that you will take the responsibilities seriously.\\nDemonstrate that you understand their policies. For example, explain that you can merge and unmerge items responsibly. If you've commented in the Librarians group, you can highlight that participation; this is a great place for them to understand that you have learned what can be and can not be merged or unmerged.\\nGive them an idea of the status of your shelves. Demonstrate that you understand the workings of the Goodreads site, including how books can be reviewed, shelved to other shelves, and updated.\\n1-10. Review the application statement:\\n\\\"I promise that I have read the librarian manual and will be accurate in my edits and use my librarian status responsibly\\\". If you can attest to that, check the box. If not, you might want to hold back and wait until you can.\\n1-11. Click the \\\"Apply now\\\" button.\\n\\n1-12. Wait for an approval email from Goodreads.\\nIt should have a subject line of \\\"librarian status\\\". Hopefully you'll be approved!\\nTips\\nJoin the Goodreads Librarian Group before or after you have been accepted, to see what other books have issues that you can help in.\\nWarnings\\nOnce you are accepted, the official mobile phone apps of Goodreads won't allow you to make any edits. You will need to make all of your edits via the full Goodreads website for the book in question.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"With so many inaccurate book entries on the Goodreads site, it's no wonder that they've created a special role so that users can help correct them. To build on the strength of Goodreads, you can become a Goodreads Librarian to help them manage their database. If you'd like to help out with the jobs a Goodreads Librarian can do, you'll need to get approval from Goodreads.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Visit and log into the Goodreads website.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make sure that you have at least shelved 50 books.\", \"描述\": \"They don't all have to be in the read or to-read shelf, but would help if you have some in each shelf. Make sure you have read, reviewed and rated some books.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understand how to add new books.\", \"描述\": \"Become familiar with the subtleties; for example, you'll want to know when a book should be added as \\\"new\\\" and when it's just a new version of an existing book, instead.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn how to work with alternate book source information data, and where this data can come from and from where it can not.\", \"描述\": \"Although most Amazon sources, as well as WorldCat and some other sites, are okay, most Barnes and Noble sites aren't okay to take book information from.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Read through the Librarian Manual.\", \"描述\": \"The Librarian Manual will give you some great information on the permissions and responsibilities of being a librarian.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Visit the Librarian Program's application page.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Read down the page.\", \"描述\": \"Recognize that Librarianship is a responsibility and that all changes you make to the pages will affect what others see on the book pages.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Click the Take quiz button to take the Librarian Quiz.\", \"描述\": \"You have 30 minutes to complete the quiz.\\nThe quiz is \\\"open book\\\", meaning that while taking the quiz you are allowed to use the Goodreads Librarian Manual as a reference.\\n80% is the minimum passing score, but the lower the score, the more the Goodreads approval team will look at other factors. Additionally, even perfect scores still need to provide a good reason before being approved as Librarians.\\nThe quiz can only be taken once every 24 hours.\\nIf you see any wrong answers, typos, or have other feedback about the quiz, reach out to Goodreads via the Goodreads Contact Us form.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Write why you feel you'd be a great Goodreads Librarian.\", \"描述\": \"Enter this into the box underneath the label \\\"Why do you want to be a Goodreads Librarian?\\\"\\nShow Goodreads that you can be trusted with the rights of a librarian; you can say it outright or demonstrate it with the rest of your answers. If you've taken on admin/moderation roles on other sites or in other communities, you might want to mention that, too.\\nAddress why you want to do it . Explain that you see inaccuracies in the site and would like to help out with correcting these inaccuracies. For example, you can start out explaining that you'd like to help correct page numbering issues.\\nGive them reason to believe that you take the role seriously and are willing and able to get it right. For example, you might highlight tasks you've done like adding cover pictures from on your own scans (ISBN to ISBN versions) or (for Amazon Kindle/book information. You can use the phrase \\\"I will do the best I can to provide the most accurate data possible\\\" to reinforce the point that you will take the responsibilities seriously.\\nDemonstrate that you understand their policies. For example, explain that you can merge and unmerge items responsibly. If you've commented in the Librarians group, you can highlight that participation; this is a great place for them to understand that you have learned what can be and can not be merged or unmerged.\\nGive them an idea of the status of your shelves. Demonstrate that you understand the workings of the Goodreads site, including how books can be reviewed, shelved to other shelves, and updated.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Review the application statement:\", \"描述\": \"\\\"I promise that I have read the librarian manual and will be accurate in my edits and use my librarian status responsibly\\\". If you can attest to that, check the box. If not, you might want to hold back and wait until you can.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Click the \\\"Apply now\\\" button.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Wait for an approval email from Goodreads.\", \"描述\": \"It should have a subject line of \\\"librarian status\\\". Hopefully you'll be approved!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Join the Goodreads Librarian Group before or after you have been accepted, to see what other books have issues that you can help in.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Once you are accepted, the official mobile phone apps of Goodreads won't allow you to make any edits. You will need to make all of your edits via the full Goodreads website for the book in question.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,422 |
How to Become a Governor
|
1. Developing the Skills of a State Governor
1-1. Gain relevant skills through your education choices.
Start by graduating high school with good grades, especially in your Social Studies and History classes, as this will help to prepare you for a life in politics. Then, you should get an undergraduate degree in political science or a related field, like pre-law.
You will need to have good grades in high school to apply for top tier college programs. Speak to an academic advisor at your high school for more information on applying for programs.
In an undergraduate political science program, you will learn about the history of politics and key political figures. You will also learn how the political system works in your country and elsewhere.
You might also decide on another major like international relations, history, or economics. Public Administration or a Public Health Degree are both ideal for policy making.
Going on to law school to earn a Juris Doctor degree can also be very helpful for a future in politics.
1-2. Develop your public speaking skills.
Join a public speaking club or the debate team at school. Take a class on public speaking. You will need to speak to large crowds when you campaign for governor and answer to your constituents if you get elected.
You can also take classes on public relations and how to appeal to large groups of people.
1-3. Apply for internships at a local government agency or political office.
Gain hands-on experience in politics by applying for internships at a local government agency like the mayor’s office or the city councillor’s office. You can also apply to intern at a national political office, such as the Chairman’s office or the office of a political candidate. Look online for a list of internships in your area at government agencies or political offices.
You can also inquire if there are spots for interns at a local government agency you are interested in or feel would be a valuable place to learn.
1-4. Volunteer for neighborhood associations and community organizations.
Get involved in community politics by volunteering your time. Start volunteering in high school in your free time. Pick one or two neighborhood associations and community organizations and devote 1-2 hours a week to volunteering for them.
For example, you may volunteer for a seat on the neighborhood safety committee. Or you may volunteer to run a community fundraiser.
1-5. Attend local political party meetings.
Use the meetings as an opportunity to get to know your local party leaders and candidates. These meetings are a good place to network with other members of the party and find out what issues the party is focusing on.
Look up political committee meetings in your town or county online or contact your political party for more information.
1-6. Work for a political campaign.
Find a local campaign in your area and apply to work for them as a staff member. You can also sign up for a national campaign as a volunteer. As a worker for the campaign, you will gain invaluable experience and contacts. You will also get to see what it takes to run a political campaign, from making calls to constituents to planning outreach events to knocking on doors.
Working on a political campaign can also allow you to network with others in the political arena and use these contacts when you decide to run for office.
1-7. Avoid scandal and be a responsible citizen.
Keep your background clean and honest. Do not post questionable content on social media. Obey the law and be a responsible citizen so that when you do run for office, you do not have to worry about having a scandal or a past indiscretion that puts your political career in jeopardy.
If you have any questionable content on your social media, try to erase it or get rid of it before you run for office.
2. Running for Offices Leading to a State Governorship
2-1. Run for local office.
Start local by running for a civic office position, such as a school board position or town council. You can also run for party offices like Democratic or Republican committee person. Organize a local campaign with the help of volunteers and a campaign manager.
Call your political party’s headquarters and find out which offices are up for election soon. You can then volunteer to run for these positions. Getting the backing of the party may help to improve your chances.
2-2. Consider running for mayor.
Some former governors have come off of a run as mayor of a major city or town. You may run for mayor to boost your political profile and get more experience in local politics.
Find out when the mayoral elections are happening in your city or town. Get a campaign going by hiring a campaign manager and campaign staffers.
2-3. Try for a seat in Congress.
Another common route for a governorship is to get elected to a seat in Congress. Congressional elections can be more demanding and cut throat than mayoral elections. You will need a good campaign manager and possibly a few wealthy donors to help pay for the campaign.
Most congressional elections last for at least two years. You will need to campaign hard against several other candidates to win the election.
2-4. Run for attorney general.
Many governors work their way up the ladder by becoming an attorney general first. Attorney generals are the chief legal advisor and enforcer for state government. In 42 states, the attorney general is elected by the populace.
In 5 states (Alaska, Hawaii, New Hampshire, Wyoming, and New Jersey), the attorney general is appointed by the governor.
In Tennessee, the attorney general is appointed by the state supreme court.
In Maine, the attorney general is chosen by the state legislature.
2-5. Work your way up to lieutenant governor.
This is the office below the governor. The lieutenant governor’s role is to act as governor when the person in that office can't perform their duties. Many lieutenant governors became governor when their bosses retire early or do not run for another term.
In Hawaii and New Jersey, the lieutenant governor also serves as the secretary of state.
In Tennessee and West Virginia, the President of the Senate also serves as the lieutenant governor.
Five states in the U.S. do not have a lieutenant governor position: Arizona, Maine, New Hampshire, Oregon, and Wyoming.
2-6. Make a bid for governor.
You can run for governor even if you are not the lieutenant governor or a serving member in government. You will need to run against other candidates in the election and win. Then, you will compete in the general election to become governor.
Determine the election timeline for the governorship based on your state. Most states hold primary elections for governor in November.
3. Becoming a School Governor
3-1. Find schools that are seeking a school governor.
You do not need to be a parent of a child at the college or school to apply to be a school governor. Most schools and colleges treat the position as voluntary, so you will not be paid for the position.
You must be at least 18 years of age to become a school governor.
3-2. Apply online if you live in England.
You can complete an online application for school governor by accessing the official U.K. government website. You can complete the application to register as a school governor in your chosen school or college.
In the application, you will need to provide your name, email, and phone number. You will also need to explain why you feel you would be a good fit for the position.
3-3. Put in an application with your local school council if you live in Scotland or Wales.
Contact your local school council to find out how you can apply. You may be able to apply online through their website, or you may need to fill out a paper application and send it in.
3-4. Be prepared for the responsibilities of the position.
As school governor, you will work on the governing board with other school governors. You will work with the others on the board to set the aims and objectives for the school as well as the policies. You will also monitor and evaluate the school's progress on the objectives and be a critical friend to the headteacher. The board will help to support the headteacher and challenge them when needed.
The board also keeps an eye on the school's budget and ensures it is being properly managed.
As a school governor, you will need to work with the others on the board and come together to make decisions. You will need to be comfortable working with a team and be able to discuss objectives and aims with others.
3-5. Lobby the headteacher for the position.
Once you have put in your application, you should speak to the headteacher or headmaster at the school or college. Let them know you are strongly interested in the position and feel you have the skills necessary to do the role. Lobby them for the position so you can contribute to the school or college in a positive way.
3-6. Maintain your role as school governor.
Because this role is voluntary and usually unpaid, you may find it easier than expected to become a school governor at the school or college. You will then need to maintain your position by showing up to board meetings and making good contributions to the discussion. You will need to commit time to the role and act professionally around the other board members.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing the Skills of a State Governor\\n1-1. Gain relevant skills through your education choices.\\nStart by graduating high school with good grades, especially in your Social Studies and History classes, as this will help to prepare you for a life in politics. Then, you should get an undergraduate degree in political science or a related field, like pre-law.\\nYou will need to have good grades in high school to apply for top tier college programs. Speak to an academic advisor at your high school for more information on applying for programs.\\nIn an undergraduate political science program, you will learn about the history of politics and key political figures. You will also learn how the political system works in your country and elsewhere.\\nYou might also decide on another major like international relations, history, or economics. Public Administration or a Public Health Degree are both ideal for policy making.\\nGoing on to law school to earn a Juris Doctor degree can also be very helpful for a future in politics.\\n1-2. Develop your public speaking skills.\\nJoin a public speaking club or the debate team at school. Take a class on public speaking. You will need to speak to large crowds when you campaign for governor and answer to your constituents if you get elected.\\nYou can also take classes on public relations and how to appeal to large groups of people.\\n1-3. Apply for internships at a local government agency or political office.\\nGain hands-on experience in politics by applying for internships at a local government agency like the mayor’s office or the city councillor’s office. You can also apply to intern at a national political office, such as the Chairman’s office or the office of a political candidate. Look online for a list of internships in your area at government agencies or political offices. \\nYou can also inquire if there are spots for interns at a local government agency you are interested in or feel would be a valuable place to learn.\\n1-4. Volunteer for neighborhood associations and community organizations.\\nGet involved in community politics by volunteering your time. Start volunteering in high school in your free time. Pick one or two neighborhood associations and community organizations and devote 1-2 hours a week to volunteering for them.\\nFor example, you may volunteer for a seat on the neighborhood safety committee. Or you may volunteer to run a community fundraiser.\\n1-5. Attend local political party meetings.\\nUse the meetings as an opportunity to get to know your local party leaders and candidates. These meetings are a good place to network with other members of the party and find out what issues the party is focusing on.\\nLook up political committee meetings in your town or county online or contact your political party for more information.\\n1-6. Work for a political campaign.\\nFind a local campaign in your area and apply to work for them as a staff member. You can also sign up for a national campaign as a volunteer. As a worker for the campaign, you will gain invaluable experience and contacts. You will also get to see what it takes to run a political campaign, from making calls to constituents to planning outreach events to knocking on doors.\\nWorking on a political campaign can also allow you to network with others in the political arena and use these contacts when you decide to run for office.\\n1-7. Avoid scandal and be a responsible citizen.\\nKeep your background clean and honest. Do not post questionable content on social media. Obey the law and be a responsible citizen so that when you do run for office, you do not have to worry about having a scandal or a past indiscretion that puts your political career in jeopardy.\\nIf you have any questionable content on your social media, try to erase it or get rid of it before you run for office.\\n2. Running for Offices Leading to a State Governorship\\n2-1. Run for local office.\\nStart local by running for a civic office position, such as a school board position or town council. You can also run for party offices like Democratic or Republican committee person. Organize a local campaign with the help of volunteers and a campaign manager.\\nCall your political party’s headquarters and find out which offices are up for election soon. You can then volunteer to run for these positions. Getting the backing of the party may help to improve your chances.\\n2-2. Consider running for mayor.\\nSome former governors have come off of a run as mayor of a major city or town. You may run for mayor to boost your political profile and get more experience in local politics.\\nFind out when the mayoral elections are happening in your city or town. Get a campaign going by hiring a campaign manager and campaign staffers.\\n2-3. Try for a seat in Congress.\\nAnother common route for a governorship is to get elected to a seat in Congress. Congressional elections can be more demanding and cut throat than mayoral elections. You will need a good campaign manager and possibly a few wealthy donors to help pay for the campaign.\\nMost congressional elections last for at least two years. You will need to campaign hard against several other candidates to win the election.\\n2-4. Run for attorney general.\\nMany governors work their way up the ladder by becoming an attorney general first. Attorney generals are the chief legal advisor and enforcer for state government. In 42 states, the attorney general is elected by the populace.\\nIn 5 states (Alaska, Hawaii, New Hampshire, Wyoming, and New Jersey), the attorney general is appointed by the governor.\\nIn Tennessee, the attorney general is appointed by the state supreme court.\\nIn Maine, the attorney general is chosen by the state legislature.\\n2-5. Work your way up to lieutenant governor.\\nThis is the office below the governor. The lieutenant governor’s role is to act as governor when the person in that office can't perform their duties. Many lieutenant governors became governor when their bosses retire early or do not run for another term.\\nIn Hawaii and New Jersey, the lieutenant governor also serves as the secretary of state.\\nIn Tennessee and West Virginia, the President of the Senate also serves as the lieutenant governor.\\nFive states in the U.S. do not have a lieutenant governor position: Arizona, Maine, New Hampshire, Oregon, and Wyoming.\\n2-6. Make a bid for governor.\\nYou can run for governor even if you are not the lieutenant governor or a serving member in government. You will need to run against other candidates in the election and win. Then, you will compete in the general election to become governor.\\nDetermine the election timeline for the governorship based on your state. Most states hold primary elections for governor in November.\\n3. Becoming a School Governor\\n3-1. Find schools that are seeking a school governor.\\nYou do not need to be a parent of a child at the college or school to apply to be a school governor. Most schools and colleges treat the position as voluntary, so you will not be paid for the position.\\nYou must be at least 18 years of age to become a school governor.\\n3-2. Apply online if you live in England.\\nYou can complete an online application for school governor by accessing the official U.K. government website. You can complete the application to register as a school governor in your chosen school or college.\\nIn the application, you will need to provide your name, email, and phone number. You will also need to explain why you feel you would be a good fit for the position.\\n3-3. Put in an application with your local school council if you live in Scotland or Wales.\\nContact your local school council to find out how you can apply. You may be able to apply online through their website, or you may need to fill out a paper application and send it in.\\n3-4. Be prepared for the responsibilities of the position.\\nAs school governor, you will work on the governing board with other school governors. You will work with the others on the board to set the aims and objectives for the school as well as the policies. You will also monitor and evaluate the school's progress on the objectives and be a critical friend to the headteacher. The board will help to support the headteacher and challenge them when needed.\\nThe board also keeps an eye on the school's budget and ensures it is being properly managed.\\nAs a school governor, you will need to work with the others on the board and come together to make decisions. You will need to be comfortable working with a team and be able to discuss objectives and aims with others.\\n3-5. Lobby the headteacher for the position.\\nOnce you have put in your application, you should speak to the headteacher or headmaster at the school or college. Let them know you are strongly interested in the position and feel you have the skills necessary to do the role. Lobby them for the position so you can contribute to the school or college in a positive way.\\n3-6. Maintain your role as school governor.\\nBecause this role is voluntary and usually unpaid, you may find it easier than expected to become a school governor at the school or college. You will then need to maintain your position by showing up to board meetings and making good contributions to the discussion. You will need to commit time to the role and act professionally around the other board members.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"In the United States, the governor holds the highest office in the state in which they are elected, acting as the chief executive officer. To become a governor in the U.S., you will need to gain the necessary education and get involved in local politics so you can work your way up to the state governorship. If you live in the U.K., you can apply to be a governor at a local school or college, where you will help to set the goals and policies for the school. You will need to apply for the position and lobby the school or college so you can become a school governor.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing the Skills of a State Governor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gain relevant skills through your education choices.\", \"描述\": \"Start by graduating high school with good grades, especially in your Social Studies and History classes, as this will help to prepare you for a life in politics. Then, you should get an undergraduate degree in political science or a related field, like pre-law.\\nYou will need to have good grades in high school to apply for top tier college programs. Speak to an academic advisor at your high school for more information on applying for programs.\\nIn an undergraduate political science program, you will learn about the history of politics and key political figures. You will also learn how the political system works in your country and elsewhere.\\nYou might also decide on another major like international relations, history, or economics. Public Administration or a Public Health Degree are both ideal for policy making.\\nGoing on to law school to earn a Juris Doctor degree can also be very helpful for a future in politics.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Develop your public speaking skills.\", \"描述\": \"Join a public speaking club or the debate team at school. Take a class on public speaking. You will need to speak to large crowds when you campaign for governor and answer to your constituents if you get elected.\\nYou can also take classes on public relations and how to appeal to large groups of people.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for internships at a local government agency or political office.\", \"描述\": \"Gain hands-on experience in politics by applying for internships at a local government agency like the mayor’s office or the city councillor’s office. You can also apply to intern at a national political office, such as the Chairman’s office or the office of a political candidate. Look online for a list of internships in your area at government agencies or political offices. \\nYou can also inquire if there are spots for interns at a local government agency you are interested in or feel would be a valuable place to learn.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Volunteer for neighborhood associations and community organizations.\", \"描述\": \"Get involved in community politics by volunteering your time. Start volunteering in high school in your free time. Pick one or two neighborhood associations and community organizations and devote 1-2 hours a week to volunteering for them.\\nFor example, you may volunteer for a seat on the neighborhood safety committee. Or you may volunteer to run a community fundraiser.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Attend local political party meetings.\", \"描述\": \"Use the meetings as an opportunity to get to know your local party leaders and candidates. These meetings are a good place to network with other members of the party and find out what issues the party is focusing on.\\nLook up political committee meetings in your town or county online or contact your political party for more information.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Work for a political campaign.\", \"描述\": \"Find a local campaign in your area and apply to work for them as a staff member. You can also sign up for a national campaign as a volunteer. As a worker for the campaign, you will gain invaluable experience and contacts. You will also get to see what it takes to run a political campaign, from making calls to constituents to planning outreach events to knocking on doors.\\nWorking on a political campaign can also allow you to network with others in the political arena and use these contacts when you decide to run for office.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Avoid scandal and be a responsible citizen.\", \"描述\": \"Keep your background clean and honest. Do not post questionable content on social media. Obey the law and be a responsible citizen so that when you do run for office, you do not have to worry about having a scandal or a past indiscretion that puts your political career in jeopardy.\\nIf you have any questionable content on your social media, try to erase it or get rid of it before you run for office.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Running for Offices Leading to a State Governorship\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Run for local office.\", \"描述\": \"Start local by running for a civic office position, such as a school board position or town council. You can also run for party offices like Democratic or Republican committee person. Organize a local campaign with the help of volunteers and a campaign manager.\\nCall your political party’s headquarters and find out which offices are up for election soon. You can then volunteer to run for these positions. Getting the backing of the party may help to improve your chances.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider running for mayor.\", \"描述\": \"Some former governors have come off of a run as mayor of a major city or town. You may run for mayor to boost your political profile and get more experience in local politics.\\nFind out when the mayoral elections are happening in your city or town. Get a campaign going by hiring a campaign manager and campaign staffers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try for a seat in Congress.\", \"描述\": \"Another common route for a governorship is to get elected to a seat in Congress. Congressional elections can be more demanding and cut throat than mayoral elections. You will need a good campaign manager and possibly a few wealthy donors to help pay for the campaign.\\nMost congressional elections last for at least two years. You will need to campaign hard against several other candidates to win the election.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Run for attorney general.\", \"描述\": \"Many governors work their way up the ladder by becoming an attorney general first. Attorney generals are the chief legal advisor and enforcer for state government. In 42 states, the attorney general is elected by the populace.\\nIn 5 states (Alaska, Hawaii, New Hampshire, Wyoming, and New Jersey), the attorney general is appointed by the governor.\\nIn Tennessee, the attorney general is appointed by the state supreme court.\\nIn Maine, the attorney general is chosen by the state legislature.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Work your way up to lieutenant governor.\", \"描述\": \"This is the office below the governor. The lieutenant governor’s role is to act as governor when the person in that office can't perform their duties. Many lieutenant governors became governor when their bosses retire early or do not run for another term.\\nIn Hawaii and New Jersey, the lieutenant governor also serves as the secretary of state.\\nIn Tennessee and West Virginia, the President of the Senate also serves as the lieutenant governor.\\nFive states in the U.S. do not have a lieutenant governor position: Arizona, Maine, New Hampshire, Oregon, and Wyoming.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Make a bid for governor.\", \"描述\": \"You can run for governor even if you are not the lieutenant governor or a serving member in government. You will need to run against other candidates in the election and win. Then, you will compete in the general election to become governor.\\nDetermine the election timeline for the governorship based on your state. Most states hold primary elections for governor in November.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Becoming a School Governor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find schools that are seeking a school governor.\", \"描述\": \"You do not need to be a parent of a child at the college or school to apply to be a school governor. Most schools and colleges treat the position as voluntary, so you will not be paid for the position.\\nYou must be at least 18 years of age to become a school governor.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply online if you live in England.\", \"描述\": \"You can complete an online application for school governor by accessing the official U.K. government website. You can complete the application to register as a school governor in your chosen school or college.\\nIn the application, you will need to provide your name, email, and phone number. You will also need to explain why you feel you would be a good fit for the position.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put in an application with your local school council if you live in Scotland or Wales.\", \"描述\": \"Contact your local school council to find out how you can apply. You may be able to apply online through their website, or you may need to fill out a paper application and send it in.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be prepared for the responsibilities of the position.\", \"描述\": \"As school governor, you will work on the governing board with other school governors. You will work with the others on the board to set the aims and objectives for the school as well as the policies. You will also monitor and evaluate the school's progress on the objectives and be a critical friend to the headteacher. The board will help to support the headteacher and challenge them when needed.\\nThe board also keeps an eye on the school's budget and ensures it is being properly managed.\\nAs a school governor, you will need to work with the others on the board and come together to make decisions. You will need to be comfortable working with a team and be able to discuss objectives and aims with others.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Lobby the headteacher for the position.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have put in your application, you should speak to the headteacher or headmaster at the school or college. Let them know you are strongly interested in the position and feel you have the skills necessary to do the role. Lobby them for the position so you can contribute to the school or college in a positive way.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Maintain your role as school governor.\", \"描述\": \"Because this role is voluntary and usually unpaid, you may find it easier than expected to become a school governor at the school or college. You will then need to maintain your position by showing up to board meetings and making good contributions to the discussion. You will need to commit time to the role and act professionally around the other board members.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,423 |
How to Become a Graffiti Artist
|
1. Steps
1-1. Go out and buy a sketchbook.
Always create a sketch on your sketchbook before you try anything. If you're using an alias, try to come up with an original, interesting name. Avoid cliché names like "Ghost" or "Rage" Instead of a sketchbook, you could carry a folder or binder with paper with you.
1-2. Choose a name that you would like to write and stick to it.
Remember to look around for someone with the same name (words like face, ghost, king, demon, blaze, perk etc. are all common names). If you want to be really original come up with a longer word that is more cunning and perhaps relates to you or your work.
1-3. Look for inspiration in your city and on the internet, but do not directly copy anything you see; this will brand you as a toy [meaning a new artist who gets no respect] for a long time.
This is also called "biting" which is a graffiti term for copying someone else's work. Biting is okay for your first graffiti piece just as long as you do not take the credit for it.
1-4. Evolve your style.
Most people want to go straight to wild style and murals. It doesn't work out that way. Start with bubble letters and progress forward.
Remember that real masters are always learning and evolving.
Don't just try to come up with a gimmick and then stick with it. Instead, try different things, and try to see things in a new way.
1-5. After months/weeks of practice and sketching, buy some permanent markers or make your own and begin tagging.
1-6. Work your way up to stickers, stencils or doing throw ups [a form of graffiti].
1-7. Meet other artists of your skill and of greater skill.
You can learn from your superiors in this subculture and help your equals.
1-8. Do your homework.
Try Researching people such as UTI CREW LOS ANGELES Researching styles can help you to understand the history of graffiti and different style.
Tips
Never paint or tag over a piece of art that is better than anything you are capable of creating. When going over someone make sure to cover their entire piece, emulsifying a background makes this fairly easy. To avoid any beef you might want to do a big up for them at the side of your piece.
Remember, in choosing a place for your art be smart, have morals, and have respect. Graffiti artists create, not destroy.
If ever arrested ask for a lawyer and use your right to remain silent. All you have to give them is your name, address and birthday. Do not let them push you around to give them information regarding a crew or anything you write, even if you have sprayed paint and know what you wrote on the wall. Remember that if a cop says that "you're only going to make it worse" it's already bad and they just want a confession to wrap up the case.
Warnings
Try to hide your identity.
Never bring your black book when bombing.
Never tell anyone your name or crew name.
Never do anything that will tell other people who you are
Stay legit, don't copy others.
Graffiti is illegal unless you get permission from the property owner, and if you're caught, you have a huge chance of being charged.
There is a difference between scribbling on a wall and doing art. Make sure it has some actual artistic value.
Fumes from spray paint are highly dangerous and can kill/severely impair you. Always wear a respiratory mask.
Graffiti is highly illegal, in many areas. If you are caught with a black book or Sharpie they may confiscate these items from you.
Tagging places of religion, cars, public property, businesses, and people's homes is a crime and illegal.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Go out and buy a sketchbook.\\nAlways create a sketch on your sketchbook before you try anything. If you're using an alias, try to come up with an original, interesting name. Avoid cliché names like \\\"Ghost\\\" or \\\"Rage\\\" Instead of a sketchbook, you could carry a folder or binder with paper with you.\\n1-2. Choose a name that you would like to write and stick to it.\\nRemember to look around for someone with the same name (words like face, ghost, king, demon, blaze, perk etc. are all common names). If you want to be really original come up with a longer word that is more cunning and perhaps relates to you or your work.\\n1-3. Look for inspiration in your city and on the internet, but do not directly copy anything you see; this will brand you as a toy [meaning a new artist who gets no respect] for a long time.\\nThis is also called \\\"biting\\\" which is a graffiti term for copying someone else's work. Biting is okay for your first graffiti piece just as long as you do not take the credit for it.\\n1-4. Evolve your style.\\nMost people want to go straight to wild style and murals. It doesn't work out that way. Start with bubble letters and progress forward.\\nRemember that real masters are always learning and evolving.\\nDon't just try to come up with a gimmick and then stick with it. Instead, try different things, and try to see things in a new way.\\n1-5. After months/weeks of practice and sketching, buy some permanent markers or make your own and begin tagging.\\n\\n1-6. Work your way up to stickers, stencils or doing throw ups [a form of graffiti].\\n\\n1-7. Meet other artists of your skill and of greater skill.\\nYou can learn from your superiors in this subculture and help your equals.\\n1-8. Do your homework.\\nTry Researching people such as UTI CREW LOS ANGELES Researching styles can help you to understand the history of graffiti and different style.\\nTips\\nNever paint or tag over a piece of art that is better than anything you are capable of creating. When going over someone make sure to cover their entire piece, emulsifying a background makes this fairly easy. To avoid any beef you might want to do a big up for them at the side of your piece.\\nRemember, in choosing a place for your art be smart, have morals, and have respect. Graffiti artists create, not destroy.\\nIf ever arrested ask for a lawyer and use your right to remain silent. All you have to give them is your name, address and birthday. Do not let them push you around to give them information regarding a crew or anything you write, even if you have sprayed paint and know what you wrote on the wall. Remember that if a cop says that \\\"you're only going to make it worse\\\" it's already bad and they just want a confession to wrap up the case.\\nWarnings\\nTry to hide your identity.\\nNever bring your black book when bombing.\\nNever tell anyone your name or crew name.\\nNever do anything that will tell other people who you are\\nStay legit, don't copy others.\\nGraffiti is illegal unless you get permission from the property owner, and if you're caught, you have a huge chance of being charged.\\nThere is a difference between scribbling on a wall and doing art. Make sure it has some actual artistic value.\\nFumes from spray paint are highly dangerous and can kill/severely impair you. Always wear a respiratory mask.\\nGraffiti is highly illegal, in many areas. If you are caught with a black book or Sharpie they may confiscate these items from you.\\nTagging places of religion, cars, public property, businesses, and people's homes is a crime and illegal.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"While graffiti is associated with vandalizing other people's property, it has slowly evolved into an art form. Now, graffiti rendered by the most talented artists commands a pretty penny and is sometimes even auctioned off. Do you have what it takes to become a graffiti artist?\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go out and buy a sketchbook.\", \"描述\": \"Always create a sketch on your sketchbook before you try anything. If you're using an alias, try to come up with an original, interesting name. Avoid cliché names like \\\"Ghost\\\" or \\\"Rage\\\" Instead of a sketchbook, you could carry a folder or binder with paper with you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a name that you would like to write and stick to it.\", \"描述\": \"Remember to look around for someone with the same name (words like face, ghost, king, demon, blaze, perk etc. are all common names). If you want to be really original come up with a longer word that is more cunning and perhaps relates to you or your work.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for inspiration in your city and on the internet, but do not directly copy anything you see; this will brand you as a toy [meaning a new artist who gets no respect] for a long time.\", \"描述\": \"This is also called \\\"biting\\\" which is a graffiti term for copying someone else's work. Biting is okay for your first graffiti piece just as long as you do not take the credit for it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Evolve your style.\", \"描述\": \"Most people want to go straight to wild style and murals. It doesn't work out that way. Start with bubble letters and progress forward.\\nRemember that real masters are always learning and evolving.\\nDon't just try to come up with a gimmick and then stick with it. Instead, try different things, and try to see things in a new way.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"After months/weeks of practice and sketching, buy some permanent markers or make your own and begin tagging.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Work your way up to stickers, stencils or doing throw ups [a form of graffiti].\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Meet other artists of your skill and of greater skill.\", \"描述\": \"You can learn from your superiors in this subculture and help your equals.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Do your homework.\", \"描述\": \"Try Researching people such as UTI CREW LOS ANGELES Researching styles can help you to understand the history of graffiti and different style.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Never paint or tag over a piece of art that is better than anything you are capable of creating. When going over someone make sure to cover their entire piece, emulsifying a background makes this fairly easy. To avoid any beef you might want to do a big up for them at the side of your piece.\\n\", \"Remember, in choosing a place for your art be smart, have morals, and have respect. Graffiti artists create, not destroy.\\n\", \"If ever arrested ask for a lawyer and use your right to remain silent. All you have to give them is your name, address and birthday. Do not let them push you around to give them information regarding a crew or anything you write, even if you have sprayed paint and know what you wrote on the wall. Remember that if a cop says that \\\"you're only going to make it worse\\\" it's already bad and they just want a confession to wrap up the case.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Try to hide your identity.\\n\", \"Never bring your black book when bombing.\\n\", \"Never tell anyone your name or crew name.\\n\", \"Never do anything that will tell other people who you are\\n\", \"Stay legit, don't copy others.\\n\", \"Graffiti is illegal unless you get permission from the property owner, and if you're caught, you have a huge chance of being charged.\\n\", \"There is a difference between scribbling on a wall and doing art. Make sure it has some actual artistic value.\\n\", \"Fumes from spray paint are highly dangerous and can kill/severely impair you. Always wear a respiratory mask.\\n\", \"Graffiti is highly illegal, in many areas. If you are caught with a black book or Sharpie they may confiscate these items from you.\\n\", \"Tagging places of religion, cars, public property, businesses, and people's homes is a crime and illegal.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,424 |
How to Become a Grandmaster
|
1. Improving Your Chess Skills
1-1. Learn about tactics.
Tactics refer to move sequences that are designed to achieve specific advantage and capture or defend pieces. Tactics are different than strategy in that the latter refers to longer-term piece development with an endgame in mind. Learn how to identify opportunities to utilize tactics and how to execute them.
Forks, also known as double attacks, involve positioning a piece so that two different opposing pieces are under attack at once and unable to counter-attack your piece. Any piece can fork but the knight is particularly useful for forking because it is the only piece that can attack while wedged between horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lanes.
Discovered attacks involve using one offensive piece to cover another. For example, if a queen has a diagonal line on a rook but is covered by your knight, you can move the knight out of the way and create an attack opportunity for your queen. Your opponent may not pay attention to a covered piece and thus put their key pieces at risk.
Pinning involves placing one piece on a line of attack against the king with another opposing piece in the way. The opposing piece cannot move without exposing the king and must be sacrificed. For example, by placing a bishop diagonal to a king with a knight in the way, your opponent will be forced to sacrifice the knight.
1-2. Develop your knowledge of strategies.
Once you reach advanced-level play, you will need to start each match with a core strategy in mind. Core strategies concern general attempts to control portions of the board that will set you up for effective endgame tactics later on. You should also learn about more specific strategies like the Nimzo Defense and the Sicilian Defense which will provide more precise directions for how to move early on in the match. Even if you don’t use these precise strategies, you should learn about them so you can recognize their use by your opponents.
Spacing strategies refer to attempts to obtain the largest amount of board coverage to limit your opponents maneuvering options. Spacing is not about pushing individual pieces as far forward as possible but about slowly moving several offensive pieces into your opponent’s territory advancing pawns for defense and support.
A lot of core strategies focus on controlling the center. The center refers to the four spaces in the middle of the board (D4, E4, D5, and E5). Specifically, these strategies focus on moving pawns toward the center spaces with offensive pieces supporting them.
If you find yourself in a defensive position, exchange pieces to open up more space. Exchanging refers to sacrificing and then trading pieces of equal value.
1-3. Execute endgame situations.
The endgame is the final stage of the match when there are very few pieces on the board. Endgame situations are distinct from the strategies you would use early on or in the middle because there is so much more space to move. A strong game-long strategy that gives you an advantage can be undone if you don’t know how to protect yourself from clever endgame flanking maneuvers.
Pawns become particularly important in the endgame stage as they can be promoted by reaching the backline. It’s often advantageous to maintain stalemates with your offensive pieces until you can promote your pawns.
While it’s best to reserve your king near the backline during most of the game, as the board opens up, you’ll want to move it closer toward the middle to give it more maneuverability to get out of checks and support other pieces. The king’s ability to move in all 8 directions makes it much more valuable as an offensive piece as board opens up.
1-4. Practice often.
Practice as often as possible. It’s best to play against other high-level players that understand advanced tactics and strategy so you will be challenged and can see how advanced players will react to your own strategies.
Join a recreational chess club. Most club players have some advanced understanding of the game and are looking to improve their skills, making them ideal both as competition and as friends you can learn from. Use your preferred internet search engine to find groups in your area.
Use a live site like Chess.com to play, which is free. As you win games, you will build your score and get matched against other advanced players.
2. Achieving Grandmaster Status
2-1. Get an FIDE membership.
You will need to join the organization that grants Grandmaster status, the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE), also known as the World Chess Federation. There is no minimum experience requirement to become a member and you can join through their website. An FIDE membership costs €25 (roughly $27) per year. There is also a premium membership available for €50.
2-2. Score 3 norms at FIDE tournaments.
You’ll need to attend FIDE registered tournaments to develop your rating. One of the requirements for a Grandmaster ranking is to get 3 high-level finishes at these tournaments, known as “norms.”
Find an official list of qualifying tournaments. These tournaments often include fees that range from $40-200.
A finishing rank needed to achieve a norm is defined by the size and quality of the tournament which is arbitrated by the FIDE. For example, a relatively large tournament might only require a quarterfinal placement to achieve a norm while a relatively small tournament might require you to win first place.
2-3. Reach a 2500 FIDE rating.
Your FIDE rating develops as you compete in registered tournaments. Your rating is calculated based on your record, the rating of your opponents, and the quality of the tournament. You can track your rating by searching your membership ID or name on the FIDE website.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Improving Your Chess Skills\\n1-1. Learn about tactics.\\nTactics refer to move sequences that are designed to achieve specific advantage and capture or defend pieces. Tactics are different than strategy in that the latter refers to longer-term piece development with an endgame in mind. Learn how to identify opportunities to utilize tactics and how to execute them.\\nForks, also known as double attacks, involve positioning a piece so that two different opposing pieces are under attack at once and unable to counter-attack your piece. Any piece can fork but the knight is particularly useful for forking because it is the only piece that can attack while wedged between horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lanes.\\nDiscovered attacks involve using one offensive piece to cover another. For example, if a queen has a diagonal line on a rook but is covered by your knight, you can move the knight out of the way and create an attack opportunity for your queen. Your opponent may not pay attention to a covered piece and thus put their key pieces at risk. \\nPinning involves placing one piece on a line of attack against the king with another opposing piece in the way. The opposing piece cannot move without exposing the king and must be sacrificed. For example, by placing a bishop diagonal to a king with a knight in the way, your opponent will be forced to sacrifice the knight.\\n1-2. Develop your knowledge of strategies.\\nOnce you reach advanced-level play, you will need to start each match with a core strategy in mind. Core strategies concern general attempts to control portions of the board that will set you up for effective endgame tactics later on. You should also learn about more specific strategies like the Nimzo Defense and the Sicilian Defense which will provide more precise directions for how to move early on in the match. Even if you don’t use these precise strategies, you should learn about them so you can recognize their use by your opponents.\\nSpacing strategies refer to attempts to obtain the largest amount of board coverage to limit your opponents maneuvering options. Spacing is not about pushing individual pieces as far forward as possible but about slowly moving several offensive pieces into your opponent’s territory advancing pawns for defense and support.\\nA lot of core strategies focus on controlling the center. The center refers to the four spaces in the middle of the board (D4, E4, D5, and E5). Specifically, these strategies focus on moving pawns toward the center spaces with offensive pieces supporting them.\\nIf you find yourself in a defensive position, exchange pieces to open up more space. Exchanging refers to sacrificing and then trading pieces of equal value.\\n1-3. Execute endgame situations.\\nThe endgame is the final stage of the match when there are very few pieces on the board. Endgame situations are distinct from the strategies you would use early on or in the middle because there is so much more space to move. A strong game-long strategy that gives you an advantage can be undone if you don’t know how to protect yourself from clever endgame flanking maneuvers.\\nPawns become particularly important in the endgame stage as they can be promoted by reaching the backline. It’s often advantageous to maintain stalemates with your offensive pieces until you can promote your pawns.\\nWhile it’s best to reserve your king near the backline during most of the game, as the board opens up, you’ll want to move it closer toward the middle to give it more maneuverability to get out of checks and support other pieces. The king’s ability to move in all 8 directions makes it much more valuable as an offensive piece as board opens up.\\n1-4. Practice often.\\nPractice as often as possible. It’s best to play against other high-level players that understand advanced tactics and strategy so you will be challenged and can see how advanced players will react to your own strategies.\\nJoin a recreational chess club. Most club players have some advanced understanding of the game and are looking to improve their skills, making them ideal both as competition and as friends you can learn from. Use your preferred internet search engine to find groups in your area.\\nUse a live site like Chess.com to play, which is free. As you win games, you will build your score and get matched against other advanced players.\\n2. Achieving Grandmaster Status\\n2-1. Get an FIDE membership.\\nYou will need to join the organization that grants Grandmaster status, the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE), also known as the World Chess Federation. There is no minimum experience requirement to become a member and you can join through their website. An FIDE membership costs €25 (roughly $27) per year. There is also a premium membership available for €50.\\n2-2. Score 3 norms at FIDE tournaments.\\nYou’ll need to attend FIDE registered tournaments to develop your rating. One of the requirements for a Grandmaster ranking is to get 3 high-level finishes at these tournaments, known as “norms.”\\nFind an official list of qualifying tournaments. These tournaments often include fees that range from $40-200.\\nA finishing rank needed to achieve a norm is defined by the size and quality of the tournament which is arbitrated by the FIDE. For example, a relatively large tournament might only require a quarterfinal placement to achieve a norm while a relatively small tournament might require you to win first place.\\n2-3. Reach a 2500 FIDE rating.\\nYour FIDE rating develops as you compete in registered tournaments. Your rating is calculated based on your record, the rating of your opponents, and the quality of the tournament. You can track your rating by searching your membership ID or name on the FIDE website.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Chess is a classic strategy game that tests your foresight, patience, strategic thinking, and ability to get into your opponent’s mind. Grandmaster status is a coveted honor that takes many player years to achieve. The title is regulated by an international organization and requires you to meet specific competitive achievements.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Improving Your Chess Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn about tactics.\", \"描述\": \"Tactics refer to move sequences that are designed to achieve specific advantage and capture or defend pieces. Tactics are different than strategy in that the latter refers to longer-term piece development with an endgame in mind. Learn how to identify opportunities to utilize tactics and how to execute them.\\nForks, also known as double attacks, involve positioning a piece so that two different opposing pieces are under attack at once and unable to counter-attack your piece. Any piece can fork but the knight is particularly useful for forking because it is the only piece that can attack while wedged between horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lanes.\\nDiscovered attacks involve using one offensive piece to cover another. For example, if a queen has a diagonal line on a rook but is covered by your knight, you can move the knight out of the way and create an attack opportunity for your queen. Your opponent may not pay attention to a covered piece and thus put their key pieces at risk. \\nPinning involves placing one piece on a line of attack against the king with another opposing piece in the way. The opposing piece cannot move without exposing the king and must be sacrificed. For example, by placing a bishop diagonal to a king with a knight in the way, your opponent will be forced to sacrifice the knight.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Develop your knowledge of strategies.\", \"描述\": \"Once you reach advanced-level play, you will need to start each match with a core strategy in mind. Core strategies concern general attempts to control portions of the board that will set you up for effective endgame tactics later on. You should also learn about more specific strategies like the Nimzo Defense and the Sicilian Defense which will provide more precise directions for how to move early on in the match. Even if you don’t use these precise strategies, you should learn about them so you can recognize their use by your opponents.\\nSpacing strategies refer to attempts to obtain the largest amount of board coverage to limit your opponents maneuvering options. Spacing is not about pushing individual pieces as far forward as possible but about slowly moving several offensive pieces into your opponent’s territory advancing pawns for defense and support.\\nA lot of core strategies focus on controlling the center. The center refers to the four spaces in the middle of the board (D4, E4, D5, and E5). Specifically, these strategies focus on moving pawns toward the center spaces with offensive pieces supporting them.\\nIf you find yourself in a defensive position, exchange pieces to open up more space. Exchanging refers to sacrificing and then trading pieces of equal value.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Execute endgame situations.\", \"描述\": \"The endgame is the final stage of the match when there are very few pieces on the board. Endgame situations are distinct from the strategies you would use early on or in the middle because there is so much more space to move. A strong game-long strategy that gives you an advantage can be undone if you don’t know how to protect yourself from clever endgame flanking maneuvers.\\nPawns become particularly important in the endgame stage as they can be promoted by reaching the backline. It’s often advantageous to maintain stalemates with your offensive pieces until you can promote your pawns.\\nWhile it’s best to reserve your king near the backline during most of the game, as the board opens up, you’ll want to move it closer toward the middle to give it more maneuverability to get out of checks and support other pieces. The king’s ability to move in all 8 directions makes it much more valuable as an offensive piece as board opens up.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice often.\", \"描述\": \"Practice as often as possible. It’s best to play against other high-level players that understand advanced tactics and strategy so you will be challenged and can see how advanced players will react to your own strategies.\\nJoin a recreational chess club. Most club players have some advanced understanding of the game and are looking to improve their skills, making them ideal both as competition and as friends you can learn from. Use your preferred internet search engine to find groups in your area.\\nUse a live site like Chess.com to play, which is free. As you win games, you will build your score and get matched against other advanced players.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Achieving Grandmaster Status\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get an FIDE membership.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to join the organization that grants Grandmaster status, the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE), also known as the World Chess Federation. There is no minimum experience requirement to become a member and you can join through their website. An FIDE membership costs €25 (roughly $27) per year. There is also a premium membership available for €50.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Score 3 norms at FIDE tournaments.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to attend FIDE registered tournaments to develop your rating. One of the requirements for a Grandmaster ranking is to get 3 high-level finishes at these tournaments, known as “norms.”\\nFind an official list of qualifying tournaments. These tournaments often include fees that range from $40-200.\\nA finishing rank needed to achieve a norm is defined by the size and quality of the tournament which is arbitrated by the FIDE. For example, a relatively large tournament might only require a quarterfinal placement to achieve a norm while a relatively small tournament might require you to win first place.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Reach a 2500 FIDE rating.\", \"描述\": \"Your FIDE rating develops as you compete in registered tournaments. Your rating is calculated based on your record, the rating of your opponents, and the quality of the tournament. You can track your rating by searching your membership ID or name on the FIDE website.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,425 |
How to Become a Graphic Designer
|
1. Training to Become a Graphic Designer
1-1. Take as many art and computer classes in school as you can.
Take drawing, painting, photography, and printing classes in high school. Also take computer classes like computer graphics, web design, and language programming classes. These classes will provide you with a strong foundation to begin your graphic design career.
1-2. Study graphic design on your own.
Type "graphic design course syllabus" in your search engine on the Internet. Download two to three syllabi of college or university professors. Review the student learning objectives and the textbooks used to meet these objectives. Pick and purchase the textbooks you would like to use. Set aside an hour each day to read and take notes.
To learn the necessary computer skills to become a graphic designer, watch online tutorials on YouTube, Hack Design, Tuts+ Design and Illustration Guides, and other websites.
While this approach to becoming a graphic designer is cost effective, having a degree or certificate may give you an advantage when applying for jobs.
1-3. Take an introductory course at a local community college.
Visit your local community college and ask about the graphic design courses that they offer. The college will give you a list of the courses, as well as the pricing for the courses. You can also take online introductory courses.
See if the college offers any training certificates for graphic designers.
An introductory course will provide you with a basic understanding of theory and the elements of design such as color, layout, and typography.
1-4. Get an associate’s degree in graphic design.
You can obtain an associate's degree from a local community college. By getting an associate’s degree, you will be able to develop and hone your graphic design skills. Associate's degrees typically focus on the use of graphic design software such as Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop.
Knowing how to use these programs is important since a large part of graphic design is done digitally.
An associate’s degree typically takes two years to complete.
1-5. Obtain a bachelor’s of art in graphic design.
A bachelor’s degree typically takes four years to complete. Throughout the program, you will learn all the necessary computer skills and information to be a successful graphic designer. You will also be able to specialize your skills if you obtain a bachelor’s degree.
Areas of specialization in graphic design include typography, book design, web design, logo design, branding and advertising, product packaging, desktop publishing, print or web production, and user experience design.
Having a bachelor’s degree will give you an edge over other candidates when applying for jobs.
1-6. Take additional drawing, writing, and business classes.
The ability to draw and write are useful skills for any graphic designer. Additionally, learn how to market your skills as a graphic designer by taking a communications or marketing class. If you plan to be a freelance graphic designer, then take a few entrepreneurial business classes as well. Take these classes as a part of your associate's or bachelor's degree.
You can also take these classes on a course-by-course basis at a community college.
2. Obtaining Work Experience
2-1. Volunteer your services at a local charity or non-profit.
Volunteering to edit or create logos, banners, prints, and other graphic materials for charities is a great way to get some real-world experience while you are in high school or college. Contact charities and non-profit organizations in your area. See if they would like to update their logo, or if they are in need of any other design work.
Volunteer your services once you are familiar with Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop.
2-2. Apply for an internship while in high school or college.
Use the Internet to seek out ad or marketing agencies. Look into local agencies as well as big name agencies. Call or email them to see if they offer internships. If they do, make sure to inquire about the qualifications. Apply for both paid and unpaid internships that you qualify for.
For example, "Good Morning. I would like to know if your company offers internships in graphic design. If so, I would like to apply. Please let me know who I should forward my resume to. Thank you."
2-3. Join a local graphic design community.
Search for graphic design communities online or at a local college or university. Once you join, start networking with its members. Let the members know that you are looking for work to expand your portfolio. Someone may be able to get you in touch with a recruiter.
Be aware that some communities may require their members to pay dues.
2-4. Tell your friends and family members that you are looking for a job.
Let them know that you are looking for an internship or an entry-level position. Send them a copy of your resume and a link to your portfolio or social media account. This way, they will be able to refer your information to potential employers easily.
Also let your classmates and social media contacts know that you are looking for opportunities to expand your portfolio.
3. Creating a Portfolio
3-1. Pick your best pieces of work.
Avoid including everything you have ever created. Instead, pick the pieces you are most proud of. These pieces should demonstrate your abilities and showcase your confidence in your work.
Include self-initiated work, as well as work you have done for specific clients.
3-2. Include a variety of examples.
Pick pieces that showcase your range of skills. Include pieces that showcase your typography, web design, and logo design skills, for example.
Pick pieces that demonstrate that you have worked for a variety of clients as well.
3-3. Contextualize your work.
For each piece of work, write one to two paragraphs explaining the client’s goals and how your design met those goals. Talk about your inspiration for the design and your creative process. Additionally, make sure to include any information about the success of your design. Type the information up in a Word document.
For example, mention that the client was pleased with your work and contracted you to do more, or talk about how your design increased sales activity for your client.
3-4. List any additional work skills.
Create a resume page in your portfolio showcasing your skills, as well as your relevant work experience. This could be the first or last page in your portfolio, depending on how you organize it. Make sure to note your ability to meet deadlines, communicate effectively, work with team members, and other important job skills.
Make sure to list any degrees or certificates that you have on this page as well.
3-5. Create a website
Use a hosted portfolio or a hosted business website like Carbonmade, Dunked, WordPress, Weebly, SquareSpace, or Portfolio Box to create a website for your work. Alternatively, use a self-hosted website. If you are starting out, use a hosted-portfolio site to build your website. This way you don't have to deal with building your website from the ground up.
A website showcasing your best work is a great way to make browsing your work simple and engaging.
4. Working as a Graphic Designer
4-1. Promote your work through online communities.
Sign up to be a member of an online design community. Create a profile and publish your best works on the website. This is a great way to receive feedback and improve on your work.
Examples of well-known online communities are DeviantArt, Behance, and Dribble.
4-2. Do freelance work
If you want to be a freelancer, be prepared to find your own work. Submit your portfolio to local marketing and ad agencies who work with freelancers. Make sure to follow up with your clients if you do not hear back from them for more than a week.
As a freelancer you will need to be able to do your own marketing, billing, and accounting in addition to being a graphic designer.
Always invoice promptly as a freelancer. The longer you wait, the more details you'll need to put on the invoice.
4-3. Use social media outlets to find new clients.
Create an Instagram or Facebook account specifically for your work. Publish your best pieces of work on these sites. Also post a link to your website so clients can quickly view your portfolio and resume if they are interested in your services.
Start by adding your friends, family members, colleagues, and coworkers as friends. Encourage them to share your work with their followers.
4-4. Work for a design firm.
Browse the websites of graphic design firms, or use job search sites like LinkedIn or Indeed to find openings. Choose entry-level jobs that you qualify for. Look for assistant jobs, or for jobs where you will be a part of a team. Submit your portfolio online or in person for positions that you qualify for.
You typically need 1 to 2 years of experience and knowledge of basic graphic design skills to qualify for entry-level positions.
4-5. Advance to a higher position at the firm.
As you work at the firm, make sure to improve your technical skills. However, as you improve your technical skills, work on your leadership skills, as well as your ability to get things done. Take on extra work, mentor others, volunteer to lead projects, and meet important deadlines.
These are great ways to get recognized as a hard worker who is capable of more responsibilities
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Training to Become a Graphic Designer\\n1-1. Take as many art and computer classes in school as you can.\\nTake drawing, painting, photography, and printing classes in high school. Also take computer classes like computer graphics, web design, and language programming classes. These classes will provide you with a strong foundation to begin your graphic design career.\\n1-2. Study graphic design on your own.\\nType \\\"graphic design course syllabus\\\" in your search engine on the Internet. Download two to three syllabi of college or university professors. Review the student learning objectives and the textbooks used to meet these objectives. Pick and purchase the textbooks you would like to use. Set aside an hour each day to read and take notes.\\nTo learn the necessary computer skills to become a graphic designer, watch online tutorials on YouTube, Hack Design, Tuts+ Design and Illustration Guides, and other websites.\\nWhile this approach to becoming a graphic designer is cost effective, having a degree or certificate may give you an advantage when applying for jobs.\\n1-3. Take an introductory course at a local community college.\\nVisit your local community college and ask about the graphic design courses that they offer. The college will give you a list of the courses, as well as the pricing for the courses. You can also take online introductory courses.\\nSee if the college offers any training certificates for graphic designers.\\nAn introductory course will provide you with a basic understanding of theory and the elements of design such as color, layout, and typography.\\n1-4. Get an associate’s degree in graphic design.\\nYou can obtain an associate's degree from a local community college. By getting an associate’s degree, you will be able to develop and hone your graphic design skills. Associate's degrees typically focus on the use of graphic design software such as Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop.\\nKnowing how to use these programs is important since a large part of graphic design is done digitally.\\nAn associate’s degree typically takes two years to complete.\\n1-5. Obtain a bachelor’s of art in graphic design.\\nA bachelor’s degree typically takes four years to complete. Throughout the program, you will learn all the necessary computer skills and information to be a successful graphic designer. You will also be able to specialize your skills if you obtain a bachelor’s degree.\\nAreas of specialization in graphic design include typography, book design, web design, logo design, branding and advertising, product packaging, desktop publishing, print or web production, and user experience design.\\nHaving a bachelor’s degree will give you an edge over other candidates when applying for jobs.\\n1-6. Take additional drawing, writing, and business classes.\\nThe ability to draw and write are useful skills for any graphic designer. Additionally, learn how to market your skills as a graphic designer by taking a communications or marketing class. If you plan to be a freelance graphic designer, then take a few entrepreneurial business classes as well. Take these classes as a part of your associate's or bachelor's degree.\\nYou can also take these classes on a course-by-course basis at a community college.\\n2. Obtaining Work Experience\\n2-1. Volunteer your services at a local charity or non-profit.\\nVolunteering to edit or create logos, banners, prints, and other graphic materials for charities is a great way to get some real-world experience while you are in high school or college. Contact charities and non-profit organizations in your area. See if they would like to update their logo, or if they are in need of any other design work.\\nVolunteer your services once you are familiar with Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop.\\n2-2. Apply for an internship while in high school or college.\\nUse the Internet to seek out ad or marketing agencies. Look into local agencies as well as big name agencies. Call or email them to see if they offer internships. If they do, make sure to inquire about the qualifications. Apply for both paid and unpaid internships that you qualify for.\\nFor example, \\\"Good Morning. I would like to know if your company offers internships in graphic design. If so, I would like to apply. Please let me know who I should forward my resume to. Thank you.\\\"\\n2-3. Join a local graphic design community.\\nSearch for graphic design communities online or at a local college or university. Once you join, start networking with its members. Let the members know that you are looking for work to expand your portfolio. Someone may be able to get you in touch with a recruiter.\\nBe aware that some communities may require their members to pay dues.\\n2-4. Tell your friends and family members that you are looking for a job.\\nLet them know that you are looking for an internship or an entry-level position. Send them a copy of your resume and a link to your portfolio or social media account. This way, they will be able to refer your information to potential employers easily.\\nAlso let your classmates and social media contacts know that you are looking for opportunities to expand your portfolio.\\n3. Creating a Portfolio\\n3-1. Pick your best pieces of work.\\nAvoid including everything you have ever created. Instead, pick the pieces you are most proud of. These pieces should demonstrate your abilities and showcase your confidence in your work.\\nInclude self-initiated work, as well as work you have done for specific clients.\\n3-2. Include a variety of examples.\\nPick pieces that showcase your range of skills. Include pieces that showcase your typography, web design, and logo design skills, for example.\\nPick pieces that demonstrate that you have worked for a variety of clients as well.\\n3-3. Contextualize your work.\\nFor each piece of work, write one to two paragraphs explaining the client’s goals and how your design met those goals. Talk about your inspiration for the design and your creative process. Additionally, make sure to include any information about the success of your design. Type the information up in a Word document.\\nFor example, mention that the client was pleased with your work and contracted you to do more, or talk about how your design increased sales activity for your client.\\n3-4. List any additional work skills.\\nCreate a resume page in your portfolio showcasing your skills, as well as your relevant work experience. This could be the first or last page in your portfolio, depending on how you organize it. Make sure to note your ability to meet deadlines, communicate effectively, work with team members, and other important job skills.\\nMake sure to list any degrees or certificates that you have on this page as well.\\n3-5. Create a website\\nUse a hosted portfolio or a hosted business website like Carbonmade, Dunked, WordPress, Weebly, SquareSpace, or Portfolio Box to create a website for your work. Alternatively, use a self-hosted website. If you are starting out, use a hosted-portfolio site to build your website. This way you don't have to deal with building your website from the ground up.\\nA website showcasing your best work is a great way to make browsing your work simple and engaging.\\n4. Working as a Graphic Designer\\n4-1. Promote your work through online communities.\\nSign up to be a member of an online design community. Create a profile and publish your best works on the website. This is a great way to receive feedback and improve on your work.\\nExamples of well-known online communities are DeviantArt, Behance, and Dribble.\\n4-2. Do freelance work\\nIf you want to be a freelancer, be prepared to find your own work. Submit your portfolio to local marketing and ad agencies who work with freelancers. Make sure to follow up with your clients if you do not hear back from them for more than a week.\\nAs a freelancer you will need to be able to do your own marketing, billing, and accounting in addition to being a graphic designer.\\nAlways invoice promptly as a freelancer. The longer you wait, the more details you'll need to put on the invoice.\\n4-3. Use social media outlets to find new clients.\\nCreate an Instagram or Facebook account specifically for your work. Publish your best pieces of work on these sites. Also post a link to your website so clients can quickly view your portfolio and resume if they are interested in your services.\\nStart by adding your friends, family members, colleagues, and coworkers as friends. Encourage them to share your work with their followers.\\n4-4. Work for a design firm.\\nBrowse the websites of graphic design firms, or use job search sites like LinkedIn or Indeed to find openings. Choose entry-level jobs that you qualify for. Look for assistant jobs, or for jobs where you will be a part of a team. Submit your portfolio online or in person for positions that you qualify for.\\nYou typically need 1 to 2 years of experience and knowledge of basic graphic design skills to qualify for entry-level positions.\\n4-5. Advance to a higher position at the firm.\\nAs you work at the firm, make sure to improve your technical skills. However, as you improve your technical skills, work on your leadership skills, as well as your ability to get things done. Take on extra work, mentor others, volunteer to lead projects, and meet important deadlines.\\nThese are great ways to get recognized as a hard worker who is capable of more responsibilities\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you find yourself daydreaming about designs or creating designs in your spare time, then a career in graphic design may be for you. You can either train yourself in graphic design or get a formal education. Volunteer your services at a local charity or apply for an internship to obtain the necessary work experience. Make sure to create a portfolio that showcases your best work. Then submit your portfolio to local marketing and ad agencies to obtain a job.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Training to Become a Graphic Designer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take as many art and computer classes in school as you can.\", \"描述\": \"Take drawing, painting, photography, and printing classes in high school. Also take computer classes like computer graphics, web design, and language programming classes. These classes will provide you with a strong foundation to begin your graphic design career.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study graphic design on your own.\", \"描述\": \"Type \\\"graphic design course syllabus\\\" in your search engine on the Internet. Download two to three syllabi of college or university professors. Review the student learning objectives and the textbooks used to meet these objectives. Pick and purchase the textbooks you would like to use. Set aside an hour each day to read and take notes.\\nTo learn the necessary computer skills to become a graphic designer, watch online tutorials on YouTube, Hack Design, Tuts+ Design and Illustration Guides, and other websites.\\nWhile this approach to becoming a graphic designer is cost effective, having a degree or certificate may give you an advantage when applying for jobs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take an introductory course at a local community college.\", \"描述\": \"Visit your local community college and ask about the graphic design courses that they offer. The college will give you a list of the courses, as well as the pricing for the courses. You can also take online introductory courses.\\nSee if the college offers any training certificates for graphic designers.\\nAn introductory course will provide you with a basic understanding of theory and the elements of design such as color, layout, and typography.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get an associate’s degree in graphic design.\", \"描述\": \"You can obtain an associate's degree from a local community college. By getting an associate’s degree, you will be able to develop and hone your graphic design skills. Associate's degrees typically focus on the use of graphic design software such as Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Photoshop.\\nKnowing how to use these programs is important since a large part of graphic design is done digitally.\\nAn associate’s degree typically takes two years to complete.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Obtain a bachelor’s of art in graphic design.\", \"描述\": \"A bachelor’s degree typically takes four years to complete. Throughout the program, you will learn all the necessary computer skills and information to be a successful graphic designer. You will also be able to specialize your skills if you obtain a bachelor’s degree.\\nAreas of specialization in graphic design include typography, book design, web design, logo design, branding and advertising, product packaging, desktop publishing, print or web production, and user experience design.\\nHaving a bachelor’s degree will give you an edge over other candidates when applying for jobs.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take additional drawing, writing, and business classes.\", \"描述\": \"The ability to draw and write are useful skills for any graphic designer. Additionally, learn how to market your skills as a graphic designer by taking a communications or marketing class. If you plan to be a freelance graphic designer, then take a few entrepreneurial business classes as well. Take these classes as a part of your associate's or bachelor's degree.\\nYou can also take these classes on a course-by-course basis at a community college.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Obtaining Work Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Volunteer your services at a local charity or non-profit.\", \"描述\": \"Volunteering to edit or create logos, banners, prints, and other graphic materials for charities is a great way to get some real-world experience while you are in high school or college. Contact charities and non-profit organizations in your area. See if they would like to update their logo, or if they are in need of any other design work.\\nVolunteer your services once you are familiar with Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for an internship while in high school or college.\", \"描述\": \"Use the Internet to seek out ad or marketing agencies. Look into local agencies as well as big name agencies. Call or email them to see if they offer internships. If they do, make sure to inquire about the qualifications. Apply for both paid and unpaid internships that you qualify for.\\nFor example, \\\"Good Morning. I would like to know if your company offers internships in graphic design. If so, I would like to apply. Please let me know who I should forward my resume to. Thank you.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Join a local graphic design community.\", \"描述\": \"Search for graphic design communities online or at a local college or university. Once you join, start networking with its members. Let the members know that you are looking for work to expand your portfolio. Someone may be able to get you in touch with a recruiter.\\nBe aware that some communities may require their members to pay dues.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tell your friends and family members that you are looking for a job.\", \"描述\": \"Let them know that you are looking for an internship or an entry-level position. Send them a copy of your resume and a link to your portfolio or social media account. This way, they will be able to refer your information to potential employers easily.\\nAlso let your classmates and social media contacts know that you are looking for opportunities to expand your portfolio.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Creating a Portfolio\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pick your best pieces of work.\", \"描述\": \"Avoid including everything you have ever created. Instead, pick the pieces you are most proud of. These pieces should demonstrate your abilities and showcase your confidence in your work.\\nInclude self-initiated work, as well as work you have done for specific clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include a variety of examples.\", \"描述\": \"Pick pieces that showcase your range of skills. Include pieces that showcase your typography, web design, and logo design skills, for example.\\nPick pieces that demonstrate that you have worked for a variety of clients as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Contextualize your work.\", \"描述\": \"For each piece of work, write one to two paragraphs explaining the client’s goals and how your design met those goals. Talk about your inspiration for the design and your creative process. Additionally, make sure to include any information about the success of your design. Type the information up in a Word document.\\nFor example, mention that the client was pleased with your work and contracted you to do more, or talk about how your design increased sales activity for your client.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"List any additional work skills.\", \"描述\": \"Create a resume page in your portfolio showcasing your skills, as well as your relevant work experience. This could be the first or last page in your portfolio, depending on how you organize it. Make sure to note your ability to meet deadlines, communicate effectively, work with team members, and other important job skills.\\nMake sure to list any degrees or certificates that you have on this page as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Create a website\", \"描述\": \"Use a hosted portfolio or a hosted business website like Carbonmade, Dunked, WordPress, Weebly, SquareSpace, or Portfolio Box to create a website for your work. Alternatively, use a self-hosted website. If you are starting out, use a hosted-portfolio site to build your website. This way you don't have to deal with building your website from the ground up.\\nA website showcasing your best work is a great way to make browsing your work simple and engaging.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Working as a Graphic Designer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Promote your work through online communities.\", \"描述\": \"Sign up to be a member of an online design community. Create a profile and publish your best works on the website. This is a great way to receive feedback and improve on your work.\\nExamples of well-known online communities are DeviantArt, Behance, and Dribble.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do freelance work\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be a freelancer, be prepared to find your own work. Submit your portfolio to local marketing and ad agencies who work with freelancers. Make sure to follow up with your clients if you do not hear back from them for more than a week.\\nAs a freelancer you will need to be able to do your own marketing, billing, and accounting in addition to being a graphic designer.\\nAlways invoice promptly as a freelancer. The longer you wait, the more details you'll need to put on the invoice.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use social media outlets to find new clients.\", \"描述\": \"Create an Instagram or Facebook account specifically for your work. Publish your best pieces of work on these sites. Also post a link to your website so clients can quickly view your portfolio and resume if they are interested in your services.\\nStart by adding your friends, family members, colleagues, and coworkers as friends. Encourage them to share your work with their followers.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work for a design firm.\", \"描述\": \"Browse the websites of graphic design firms, or use job search sites like LinkedIn or Indeed to find openings. Choose entry-level jobs that you qualify for. Look for assistant jobs, or for jobs where you will be a part of a team. Submit your portfolio online or in person for positions that you qualify for.\\nYou typically need 1 to 2 years of experience and knowledge of basic graphic design skills to qualify for entry-level positions.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Advance to a higher position at the firm.\", \"描述\": \"As you work at the firm, make sure to improve your technical skills. However, as you improve your technical skills, work on your leadership skills, as well as your ability to get things done. Take on extra work, mentor others, volunteer to lead projects, and meet important deadlines.\\nThese are great ways to get recognized as a hard worker who is capable of more responsibilities\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,426 |
How to Become a Great American Football Player
|
1. Developing Skills on the Field
1-1. Do cone exercises to increase your speed and agility.
Set up 6 rows that are 3 ft (0.91 m) long using 3 cones each. Space each row so they’re 2 ft (0.61 m) apart. Stay in a crouched position and shuffle your feet side to side between the rows. Go through the rows as fast as you can to build agility. After the last row, sprint forward 10 feet (3.0 m) to work on explosive speed.
Do at least 10-12 reps of the exercise.
To build hip strength, use resistance bands around your thighs for 6-8 of the reps.
Agility is an important skill for football players so they can travel with the ball and avoid getting tackled.
1-2. Work on your throwing form.
Keep your feet shoulder-width apart, keeping most of your weight on your back foot. Hold the ball in your dominant hand so your fingers are on the laces. Keep your dominant arm at a 90-degree angle as you shift your weight to your front foot. Twist your body so your chest points at your target and straighten your throwing arm so your thumb points down.
Toss a ball around with a friend often so you both work on throwing clean passes.
1-3. Look for the laces when you’re catching the ball.
Focusing on the ball’s laces prevents you from dropping it when you try to make a catch. For added difficulty, practice catching the ball while you run or jog play routes.
While practicing, put a small colored sticker on the ball so you can focus on the ball better.
1-4. Practice your tackles with a tackling dummy.
Don’t tackle at full strength while you’re practicing so you don’t injure yourself or another player. When you make a tackle, wrap your arms low on the dummy and use your shoulder to drive it backward. Push the dummy as far you can or bring it to the ground if you can.
Make sure you’re in full football gear when you practice tackling. Otherwise, you may injure yourself or another player.
1-5. Do hand drills if you want to be a lineman.
Work with another player or partner on your drills. Keep your feet shoulder-width apart across from the other player. Have the “offensive” player try to touch the “defensive” player’s chest. If you’re the defensive player, react quickly and try to knock their hands away from your chest.
Working with your hands as a lineman helps you block other players so they can’t run up through the middle of the line.
2. Building Physical Strength
2-1. Work out at a gym 4 days a week.
Work on getting lean muscles by using lower weights and performing more repetitions. Focus on different muscle groups each day to get a full body workout over the course of your week. As exercises get easier for you, increase the weight you work with as well as the number of reps you perform.
Adjust your workout based on where you are in the football season. If you’re injured or have a busy week, you may adjust to a lighter intensity workout to compensate.
2-2. Build cardio endurance by running and jogging.
Cardio makes a great warm-up routine as well as increases your physical stamina. Plan to run for at least 10-15 minutes before days when you work out, and go for longer distance runs each other day.
Practice shorter sprints to work on your explosive power.
Perform cardio exercises 2-3 times per week.
2-3. Strengthen your core with planks and ab exercises.
Start on your hands and knees. Rest your forearms on the ground so your elbows are at a 90-degree angle. Walk your feet back so your body forms a straight line. Hold the position for as long as you can to activate your core.
Other core exercises include sit-ups and push-ups.
Perform ab workouts 1-2 times per week.
2-4. Stretch
Once you’re finished with a workout, take time to relax and stretch your muscles. Stretching helps prevent injuries and keeps you more flexible for a better performance.
Flexibility increases your range of motion while playing football.
2-5. Maintain a proper nutrition with carbs and lean proteins.
Stick to eating foods like fruits, vegetables, breads, and pastas, especially before playing a game. Get your protein from fish, seafood, white meat like chicken, and eggs. Avoid eating any oily or fried foods.
Have a protein shake or protein powder if you don’t have the time for a regular meal.
Stay hydrated throughout the day with water or drinks with electrolytes.
3. Getting in a Football Mindset
3-1. Visualize your success to overcome mental limitations.
In order to be a great football player, you need to be completely passionate about the sport. Write down your specific goals for football and always keep those in mind while you’re playing and practicing.
Don’t let others tell you what you can and cannot do. If you’re passionate about playing football, keep persevering to achieve your goals.
3-2. Watch old football videos to learn plays and techniques.
Watch old game videos and listen to the commentary so you understand what the players are doing. Pay attention to the positions that you play or want to play to see how the players act in different situations.
Ask a coach for plays or games they recommend for you.
3-3. Memorize your playbook.
Transfer all of your plays onto flashcards so the route is on one side and the name of the play is on the other. Flip through your flashcards name side up and try to explain the routes in each play. Keep studying the plays until you have them committed to memory.
If you don’t have a playbook, look online for common routes that teams run.
Practice running your position in the plays if you have the space.
3-4. Be a team player.
You can’t play football without the rest of your team. Pay attention to what plays they’re running and work with them to succeed. Support one another as you practice and play together. The more you support and get behind one another, the better you'll play as a team.
Tell your teammates when they make a good play to cheer them on.
Don’t try to show off and go solo. Always work and talk with your team.
Tips
Attend practice as much as you can. The more time you spend on the field, the better you’ll get at the game.
Don't sacrifice football knowledge for exclusively physical skill. While strength and mass help, they don't mean anything unless you know what you're doing.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing Skills on the Field\\n1-1. Do cone exercises to increase your speed and agility.\\nSet up 6 rows that are 3 ft (0.91 m) long using 3 cones each. Space each row so they’re 2 ft (0.61 m) apart. Stay in a crouched position and shuffle your feet side to side between the rows. Go through the rows as fast as you can to build agility. After the last row, sprint forward 10 feet (3.0 m) to work on explosive speed.\\nDo at least 10-12 reps of the exercise.\\nTo build hip strength, use resistance bands around your thighs for 6-8 of the reps.\\nAgility is an important skill for football players so they can travel with the ball and avoid getting tackled.\\n1-2. Work on your throwing form.\\nKeep your feet shoulder-width apart, keeping most of your weight on your back foot. Hold the ball in your dominant hand so your fingers are on the laces. Keep your dominant arm at a 90-degree angle as you shift your weight to your front foot. Twist your body so your chest points at your target and straighten your throwing arm so your thumb points down.\\nToss a ball around with a friend often so you both work on throwing clean passes.\\n1-3. Look for the laces when you’re catching the ball.\\nFocusing on the ball’s laces prevents you from dropping it when you try to make a catch. For added difficulty, practice catching the ball while you run or jog play routes.\\nWhile practicing, put a small colored sticker on the ball so you can focus on the ball better.\\n1-4. Practice your tackles with a tackling dummy.\\nDon’t tackle at full strength while you’re practicing so you don’t injure yourself or another player. When you make a tackle, wrap your arms low on the dummy and use your shoulder to drive it backward. Push the dummy as far you can or bring it to the ground if you can.\\nMake sure you’re in full football gear when you practice tackling. Otherwise, you may injure yourself or another player.\\n1-5. Do hand drills if you want to be a lineman.\\nWork with another player or partner on your drills. Keep your feet shoulder-width apart across from the other player. Have the “offensive” player try to touch the “defensive” player’s chest. If you’re the defensive player, react quickly and try to knock their hands away from your chest.\\nWorking with your hands as a lineman helps you block other players so they can’t run up through the middle of the line.\\n2. Building Physical Strength\\n2-1. Work out at a gym 4 days a week.\\nWork on getting lean muscles by using lower weights and performing more repetitions. Focus on different muscle groups each day to get a full body workout over the course of your week. As exercises get easier for you, increase the weight you work with as well as the number of reps you perform.\\nAdjust your workout based on where you are in the football season. If you’re injured or have a busy week, you may adjust to a lighter intensity workout to compensate.\\n2-2. Build cardio endurance by running and jogging.\\nCardio makes a great warm-up routine as well as increases your physical stamina. Plan to run for at least 10-15 minutes before days when you work out, and go for longer distance runs each other day.\\nPractice shorter sprints to work on your explosive power.\\nPerform cardio exercises 2-3 times per week.\\n2-3. Strengthen your core with planks and ab exercises.\\nStart on your hands and knees. Rest your forearms on the ground so your elbows are at a 90-degree angle. Walk your feet back so your body forms a straight line. Hold the position for as long as you can to activate your core.\\nOther core exercises include sit-ups and push-ups.\\nPerform ab workouts 1-2 times per week.\\n2-4. Stretch\\nOnce you’re finished with a workout, take time to relax and stretch your muscles. Stretching helps prevent injuries and keeps you more flexible for a better performance.\\nFlexibility increases your range of motion while playing football.\\n2-5. Maintain a proper nutrition with carbs and lean proteins.\\nStick to eating foods like fruits, vegetables, breads, and pastas, especially before playing a game. Get your protein from fish, seafood, white meat like chicken, and eggs. Avoid eating any oily or fried foods.\\nHave a protein shake or protein powder if you don’t have the time for a regular meal.\\nStay hydrated throughout the day with water or drinks with electrolytes.\\n3. Getting in a Football Mindset\\n3-1. Visualize your success to overcome mental limitations.\\nIn order to be a great football player, you need to be completely passionate about the sport. Write down your specific goals for football and always keep those in mind while you’re playing and practicing.\\nDon’t let others tell you what you can and cannot do. If you’re passionate about playing football, keep persevering to achieve your goals.\\n3-2. Watch old football videos to learn plays and techniques.\\nWatch old game videos and listen to the commentary so you understand what the players are doing. Pay attention to the positions that you play or want to play to see how the players act in different situations.\\nAsk a coach for plays or games they recommend for you.\\n3-3. Memorize your playbook.\\nTransfer all of your plays onto flashcards so the route is on one side and the name of the play is on the other. Flip through your flashcards name side up and try to explain the routes in each play. Keep studying the plays until you have them committed to memory.\\nIf you don’t have a playbook, look online for common routes that teams run.\\nPractice running your position in the plays if you have the space.\\n3-4. Be a team player.\\nYou can’t play football without the rest of your team. Pay attention to what plays they’re running and work with them to succeed. Support one another as you practice and play together. The more you support and get behind one another, the better you'll play as a team.\\nTell your teammates when they make a good play to cheer them on.\\nDon’t try to show off and go solo. Always work and talk with your team.\\nTips\\nAttend practice as much as you can. The more time you spend on the field, the better you’ll get at the game.\\nDon't sacrifice football knowledge for exclusively physical skill. While strength and mass help, they don't mean anything unless you know what you're doing.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"American football is a highly competitive sport that requires a lot of physical and mental endurance. If you want to be great at football, you need to dedicate yourself to developing skills on and off the field and get into a competitive mindset. With a lot of practice, you'll be a talented football player in no time!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing Skills on the Field\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do cone exercises to increase your speed and agility.\", \"描述\": \"Set up 6 rows that are 3 ft (0.91 m) long using 3 cones each. Space each row so they’re 2 ft (0.61 m) apart. Stay in a crouched position and shuffle your feet side to side between the rows. Go through the rows as fast as you can to build agility. After the last row, sprint forward 10 feet (3.0 m) to work on explosive speed.\\nDo at least 10-12 reps of the exercise.\\nTo build hip strength, use resistance bands around your thighs for 6-8 of the reps.\\nAgility is an important skill for football players so they can travel with the ball and avoid getting tackled.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work on your throwing form.\", \"描述\": \"Keep your feet shoulder-width apart, keeping most of your weight on your back foot. Hold the ball in your dominant hand so your fingers are on the laces. Keep your dominant arm at a 90-degree angle as you shift your weight to your front foot. Twist your body so your chest points at your target and straighten your throwing arm so your thumb points down.\\nToss a ball around with a friend often so you both work on throwing clean passes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for the laces when you’re catching the ball.\", \"描述\": \"Focusing on the ball’s laces prevents you from dropping it when you try to make a catch. For added difficulty, practice catching the ball while you run or jog play routes.\\nWhile practicing, put a small colored sticker on the ball so you can focus on the ball better.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice your tackles with a tackling dummy.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t tackle at full strength while you’re practicing so you don’t injure yourself or another player. When you make a tackle, wrap your arms low on the dummy and use your shoulder to drive it backward. Push the dummy as far you can or bring it to the ground if you can.\\nMake sure you’re in full football gear when you practice tackling. Otherwise, you may injure yourself or another player.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do hand drills if you want to be a lineman.\", \"描述\": \"Work with another player or partner on your drills. Keep your feet shoulder-width apart across from the other player. Have the “offensive” player try to touch the “defensive” player’s chest. If you’re the defensive player, react quickly and try to knock their hands away from your chest.\\nWorking with your hands as a lineman helps you block other players so they can’t run up through the middle of the line.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building Physical Strength\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work out at a gym 4 days a week.\", \"描述\": \"Work on getting lean muscles by using lower weights and performing more repetitions. Focus on different muscle groups each day to get a full body workout over the course of your week. As exercises get easier for you, increase the weight you work with as well as the number of reps you perform.\\nAdjust your workout based on where you are in the football season. If you’re injured or have a busy week, you may adjust to a lighter intensity workout to compensate.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Build cardio endurance by running and jogging.\", \"描述\": \"Cardio makes a great warm-up routine as well as increases your physical stamina. Plan to run for at least 10-15 minutes before days when you work out, and go for longer distance runs each other day.\\nPractice shorter sprints to work on your explosive power.\\nPerform cardio exercises 2-3 times per week.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Strengthen your core with planks and ab exercises.\", \"描述\": \"Start on your hands and knees. Rest your forearms on the ground so your elbows are at a 90-degree angle. Walk your feet back so your body forms a straight line. Hold the position for as long as you can to activate your core.\\nOther core exercises include sit-ups and push-ups.\\nPerform ab workouts 1-2 times per week.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stretch\", \"描述\": \"Once you’re finished with a workout, take time to relax and stretch your muscles. Stretching helps prevent injuries and keeps you more flexible for a better performance.\\nFlexibility increases your range of motion while playing football.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Maintain a proper nutrition with carbs and lean proteins.\", \"描述\": \"Stick to eating foods like fruits, vegetables, breads, and pastas, especially before playing a game. Get your protein from fish, seafood, white meat like chicken, and eggs. Avoid eating any oily or fried foods.\\nHave a protein shake or protein powder if you don’t have the time for a regular meal.\\nStay hydrated throughout the day with water or drinks with electrolytes.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting in a Football Mindset\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Visualize your success to overcome mental limitations.\", \"描述\": \"In order to be a great football player, you need to be completely passionate about the sport. Write down your specific goals for football and always keep those in mind while you’re playing and practicing.\\nDon’t let others tell you what you can and cannot do. If you’re passionate about playing football, keep persevering to achieve your goals.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Watch old football videos to learn plays and techniques.\", \"描述\": \"Watch old game videos and listen to the commentary so you understand what the players are doing. Pay attention to the positions that you play or want to play to see how the players act in different situations.\\nAsk a coach for plays or games they recommend for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Memorize your playbook.\", \"描述\": \"Transfer all of your plays onto flashcards so the route is on one side and the name of the play is on the other. Flip through your flashcards name side up and try to explain the routes in each play. Keep studying the plays until you have them committed to memory.\\nIf you don’t have a playbook, look online for common routes that teams run.\\nPractice running your position in the plays if you have the space.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be a team player.\", \"描述\": \"You can’t play football without the rest of your team. Pay attention to what plays they’re running and work with them to succeed. Support one another as you practice and play together. The more you support and get behind one another, the better you'll play as a team.\\nTell your teammates when they make a good play to cheer them on.\\nDon’t try to show off and go solo. Always work and talk with your team.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Attend practice as much as you can. The more time you spend on the field, the better you’ll get at the game.\\n\", \"Don't sacrifice football knowledge for exclusively physical skill. While strength and mass help, they don't mean anything unless you know what you're doing.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,427 |
How to Become a Green Beret
|
1. Understanding the Basic Qualifications
1-1. Be the right age and gender.
To qualify for the Green Berets, you must be a man. You also must be between the ages of 20 and 30 years old.
1-2. Have good vision.
Like other specialized professions within the military, you must have good eyesight to qualify. You need 20/20 vision or very close to it.
1-3. Get a high school diploma.
This requirement is a basic one for the special forces. You must pass and graduate high school. You don't necessarily need a high GPA; however, you need intelligence to pass the Army's tests for special forces. In fact, the Army prefers that you have at least a year of college, but that is not strictly necessary.
1-4. Take and do well on the Army's aptitude test.
You take this test upon entering the army, and it measures where your strengths lie and where you would do best in the Army. To enter special forces, you need 110 or better in the general technical section and 100 or better on combat operation.
1-5. Join the Army.
You can apply online first, if you prefer, though a recruiter will talk to you after you submit your application. You can also just go talk to a local recruiter in person. You must be over 18 to enter.
You'll go to the Military Entrance Processing Station to actually join. That's where your initial physical will happen. You'll also choose a specialty before you actually join.
2. Getting the Training and Clearances You Need
2-1. Do the pre-basic training task list.
This list is a catch-all of things you need to get done before entering the Army. It includes items such as setting up direct deposit and creating an Army account. You're also responsible for completing some training, from suicide prevention to anti-terrorism. You may also be responsible for completing some physical training. The full list is provided in the link.
2-2. Pass the Army's basic physical test.
This test is given to everyone who enters the Army. Basically, you must do a certain number of sit-ups in 2 minutes and a certain number of push-ups in 2 minutes. The more you do in those 4 minutes, the better. After that, you run 2 miles (3.2 km), which is timed.
What you need to pass is based on your age. For instance, if you're 18, you need to do 64 push-ups and 72 sit-ups and run the mile in 13 minutes and 42 seconds just to pass.
At age 27, you need to do 67 push-ups and 72 sit-ups and run the mile in 14 minutes and 12 seconds to pass.
Nonetheless, you need to do better than just passing to enter the special forces, as they are an elite squad.
2-3. Take Advanced Individual Training.
This training is basically your vocational training in the Army. It covers everything from engineering to artillery. Your commanding officer can help you decide which one is the right one for you to join the special forces.
2-4. Apply for and receive secret security clearance.
You don't simply apply for this clearance on your own; once you've begun the process for entering special forces, you will apply through the Army.
The U.S. Department of State will do a thorough background check on you, after you have provided information on your background up front. You can be denied this clearance for any number of reasons, from having lied on your application or problems with your personal conduct in the past to bad credit and being influenced by other nations.
2-5. Apply and enter airborne training.
You also need to complete airborne training to qualify for special forces. Basically, in airborne training, you learn how to jump out of airplanes using parachutes.
2-6. Meet the requirements for enlisted applications.
If you are enlisted, you must be in the E-4 to E-7 pay grade, though there are some qualifiers for E-7: you must not have more than 12 years Time in Service or more than 9 months Time in Grade. You also must have 3 years left on your Time in Service once you complete all of the special forces training. If you are on assignment, you must get permission from your branch before attending the training.
The terms "E-4" and up refer to what rank you are. That means that you need to be at least a corporeal or specialist (E-4) to be in the special forces, but you can also be a sergeant or staff sergeant.
"Time in Service" refers to how long you've been in the Army, while "Time in Grade" refers to how long you've been at your current rank or pay grade. Promotions are based on both Time in Service and Time in Grade, with automatic promotions coming after certain time periods. Therefore, these requirements force you to be in the Army a certain amount of time before you enter special forces, though part of that time can be waived with approval.
2-7. Meet the requirements for officers.
If you are an officer, your pay grade must be O-1 or O-2, and you must have done well as an officer so far. You are also required to be in the targeted year group for the Captains' Board. You must have 3 years left on your Time in Service once you complete all the special forces training. Finally, you need either an 85 or better on the Defense Language Aptitude Battery or 1/1 reading and listening score on the Defense Language Proficiency Test.
O-1 and O-2 refer to ranks, second lieutenant and first lieutenant, respectively.
3. Taking Special Forces Training
3-1. Take the Special Operations Preparation Course (SOPC).
This course is 2 weeks long. You need to have already qualified for special forces training before taking this course, by completing the previous steps. This course will basically train you for the rigorous physical requirements of the Green Berets. You also need to be adept at land navigation. This course is given at Fort Bragg.
3-2. Go through Special Forces Assessment and Selection (SFAS).
The SFAS course is both a training session and an assessment to see if you're able to move forward. It will test if you are physically and mentally able to deal with what special forces will require of you. In fact, this assessment is the first official part of Green Beret training.
3-3. Take the Special Forces Qualification Course (SFQC).
This course lasts almost a year. It trains you in everything from small unit tactics and survival skills to language and culture. One of the primary phases of this course is the Collective Training or Robin Sage training. During this phase, you will be divided into units as you would be in a combat zone and deployed in a the made-up country Pineland, an area in North Carolina. The phase will simulate what it's like to be on an actual mission and can separate out those are not able to cope.
3-4. Graduate from the program.
If you make it through all the training, you will graduate from the program after SFQC. You will have about a week at the end to phase out of training.
Warnings
You cannot have had any disciplinary action taken against you, including a court marshal, while in the Army if you plan on entering the special forces.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Understanding the Basic Qualifications\\n1-1. Be the right age and gender.\\nTo qualify for the Green Berets, you must be a man. You also must be between the ages of 20 and 30 years old.\\n1-2. Have good vision.\\nLike other specialized professions within the military, you must have good eyesight to qualify. You need 20/20 vision or very close to it.\\n1-3. Get a high school diploma.\\nThis requirement is a basic one for the special forces. You must pass and graduate high school. You don't necessarily need a high GPA; however, you need intelligence to pass the Army's tests for special forces. In fact, the Army prefers that you have at least a year of college, but that is not strictly necessary.\\n1-4. Take and do well on the Army's aptitude test.\\nYou take this test upon entering the army, and it measures where your strengths lie and where you would do best in the Army. To enter special forces, you need 110 or better in the general technical section and 100 or better on combat operation.\\n1-5. Join the Army.\\nYou can apply online first, if you prefer, though a recruiter will talk to you after you submit your application. You can also just go talk to a local recruiter in person. You must be over 18 to enter.\\nYou'll go to the Military Entrance Processing Station to actually join. That's where your initial physical will happen. You'll also choose a specialty before you actually join.\\n2. Getting the Training and Clearances You Need\\n2-1. Do the pre-basic training task list.\\nThis list is a catch-all of things you need to get done before entering the Army. It includes items such as setting up direct deposit and creating an Army account. You're also responsible for completing some training, from suicide prevention to anti-terrorism. You may also be responsible for completing some physical training. The full list is provided in the link.\\n2-2. Pass the Army's basic physical test.\\nThis test is given to everyone who enters the Army. Basically, you must do a certain number of sit-ups in 2 minutes and a certain number of push-ups in 2 minutes. The more you do in those 4 minutes, the better. After that, you run 2 miles (3.2 km), which is timed.\\nWhat you need to pass is based on your age. For instance, if you're 18, you need to do 64 push-ups and 72 sit-ups and run the mile in 13 minutes and 42 seconds just to pass.\\nAt age 27, you need to do 67 push-ups and 72 sit-ups and run the mile in 14 minutes and 12 seconds to pass.\\nNonetheless, you need to do better than just passing to enter the special forces, as they are an elite squad.\\n2-3. Take Advanced Individual Training.\\nThis training is basically your vocational training in the Army. It covers everything from engineering to artillery. Your commanding officer can help you decide which one is the right one for you to join the special forces.\\n2-4. Apply for and receive secret security clearance.\\nYou don't simply apply for this clearance on your own; once you've begun the process for entering special forces, you will apply through the Army.\\nThe U.S. Department of State will do a thorough background check on you, after you have provided information on your background up front. You can be denied this clearance for any number of reasons, from having lied on your application or problems with your personal conduct in the past to bad credit and being influenced by other nations.\\n2-5. Apply and enter airborne training.\\nYou also need to complete airborne training to qualify for special forces. Basically, in airborne training, you learn how to jump out of airplanes using parachutes.\\n2-6. Meet the requirements for enlisted applications.\\nIf you are enlisted, you must be in the E-4 to E-7 pay grade, though there are some qualifiers for E-7: you must not have more than 12 years Time in Service or more than 9 months Time in Grade. You also must have 3 years left on your Time in Service once you complete all of the special forces training. If you are on assignment, you must get permission from your branch before attending the training.\\nThe terms \\\"E-4\\\" and up refer to what rank you are. That means that you need to be at least a corporeal or specialist (E-4) to be in the special forces, but you can also be a sergeant or staff sergeant.\\n\\\"Time in Service\\\" refers to how long you've been in the Army, while \\\"Time in Grade\\\" refers to how long you've been at your current rank or pay grade. Promotions are based on both Time in Service and Time in Grade, with automatic promotions coming after certain time periods. Therefore, these requirements force you to be in the Army a certain amount of time before you enter special forces, though part of that time can be waived with approval.\\n2-7. Meet the requirements for officers.\\nIf you are an officer, your pay grade must be O-1 or O-2, and you must have done well as an officer so far. You are also required to be in the targeted year group for the Captains' Board. You must have 3 years left on your Time in Service once you complete all the special forces training. Finally, you need either an 85 or better on the Defense Language Aptitude Battery or 1/1 reading and listening score on the Defense Language Proficiency Test.\\nO-1 and O-2 refer to ranks, second lieutenant and first lieutenant, respectively.\\n3. Taking Special Forces Training\\n3-1. Take the Special Operations Preparation Course (SOPC).\\nThis course is 2 weeks long. You need to have already qualified for special forces training before taking this course, by completing the previous steps. This course will basically train you for the rigorous physical requirements of the Green Berets. You also need to be adept at land navigation. This course is given at Fort Bragg.\\n3-2. Go through Special Forces Assessment and Selection (SFAS).\\nThe SFAS course is both a training session and an assessment to see if you're able to move forward. It will test if you are physically and mentally able to deal with what special forces will require of you. In fact, this assessment is the first official part of Green Beret training.\\n3-3. Take the Special Forces Qualification Course (SFQC).\\nThis course lasts almost a year. It trains you in everything from small unit tactics and survival skills to language and culture. One of the primary phases of this course is the Collective Training or Robin Sage training. During this phase, you will be divided into units as you would be in a combat zone and deployed in a the made-up country Pineland, an area in North Carolina. The phase will simulate what it's like to be on an actual mission and can separate out those are not able to cope.\\n3-4. Graduate from the program.\\nIf you make it through all the training, you will graduate from the program after SFQC. You will have about a week at the end to phase out of training.\\nWarnings\\nYou cannot have had any disciplinary action taken against you, including a court marshal, while in the Army if you plan on entering the special forces.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The Green Berets are the most elite branch of the U.S. Army. They are the special forces of the Army with a number of primary missions. These include: unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, special reconnaissance, direct action, and counter-terrorism. Due to the elite status and importance of the Green Berets, competition to get into this branch of the army is high. Therefore, before embarking on this, keep in mind that the competition is fierce, and you will have to have a long, difficult road to complete to enter the special forces.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understanding the Basic Qualifications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be the right age and gender.\", \"描述\": \"To qualify for the Green Berets, you must be a man. You also must be between the ages of 20 and 30 years old.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have good vision.\", \"描述\": \"Like other specialized professions within the military, you must have good eyesight to qualify. You need 20/20 vision or very close to it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a high school diploma.\", \"描述\": \"This requirement is a basic one for the special forces. You must pass and graduate high school. You don't necessarily need a high GPA; however, you need intelligence to pass the Army's tests for special forces. In fact, the Army prefers that you have at least a year of college, but that is not strictly necessary.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take and do well on the Army's aptitude test.\", \"描述\": \"You take this test upon entering the army, and it measures where your strengths lie and where you would do best in the Army. To enter special forces, you need 110 or better in the general technical section and 100 or better on combat operation.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Join the Army.\", \"描述\": \"You can apply online first, if you prefer, though a recruiter will talk to you after you submit your application. You can also just go talk to a local recruiter in person. You must be over 18 to enter.\\nYou'll go to the Military Entrance Processing Station to actually join. That's where your initial physical will happen. You'll also choose a specialty before you actually join.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting the Training and Clearances You Need\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do the pre-basic training task list.\", \"描述\": \"This list is a catch-all of things you need to get done before entering the Army. It includes items such as setting up direct deposit and creating an Army account. You're also responsible for completing some training, from suicide prevention to anti-terrorism. You may also be responsible for completing some physical training. The full list is provided in the link.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pass the Army's basic physical test.\", \"描述\": \"This test is given to everyone who enters the Army. Basically, you must do a certain number of sit-ups in 2 minutes and a certain number of push-ups in 2 minutes. The more you do in those 4 minutes, the better. After that, you run 2 miles (3.2 km), which is timed.\\nWhat you need to pass is based on your age. For instance, if you're 18, you need to do 64 push-ups and 72 sit-ups and run the mile in 13 minutes and 42 seconds just to pass.\\nAt age 27, you need to do 67 push-ups and 72 sit-ups and run the mile in 14 minutes and 12 seconds to pass.\\nNonetheless, you need to do better than just passing to enter the special forces, as they are an elite squad.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take Advanced Individual Training.\", \"描述\": \"This training is basically your vocational training in the Army. It covers everything from engineering to artillery. Your commanding officer can help you decide which one is the right one for you to join the special forces.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for and receive secret security clearance.\", \"描述\": \"You don't simply apply for this clearance on your own; once you've begun the process for entering special forces, you will apply through the Army.\\nThe U.S. Department of State will do a thorough background check on you, after you have provided information on your background up front. You can be denied this clearance for any number of reasons, from having lied on your application or problems with your personal conduct in the past to bad credit and being influenced by other nations.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply and enter airborne training.\", \"描述\": \"You also need to complete airborne training to qualify for special forces. Basically, in airborne training, you learn how to jump out of airplanes using parachutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Meet the requirements for enlisted applications.\", \"描述\": \"If you are enlisted, you must be in the E-4 to E-7 pay grade, though there are some qualifiers for E-7: you must not have more than 12 years Time in Service or more than 9 months Time in Grade. You also must have 3 years left on your Time in Service once you complete all of the special forces training. If you are on assignment, you must get permission from your branch before attending the training.\\nThe terms \\\"E-4\\\" and up refer to what rank you are. That means that you need to be at least a corporeal or specialist (E-4) to be in the special forces, but you can also be a sergeant or staff sergeant.\\n\\\"Time in Service\\\" refers to how long you've been in the Army, while \\\"Time in Grade\\\" refers to how long you've been at your current rank or pay grade. Promotions are based on both Time in Service and Time in Grade, with automatic promotions coming after certain time periods. Therefore, these requirements force you to be in the Army a certain amount of time before you enter special forces, though part of that time can be waived with approval.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Meet the requirements for officers.\", \"描述\": \"If you are an officer, your pay grade must be O-1 or O-2, and you must have done well as an officer so far. You are also required to be in the targeted year group for the Captains' Board. You must have 3 years left on your Time in Service once you complete all the special forces training. Finally, you need either an 85 or better on the Defense Language Aptitude Battery or 1/1 reading and listening score on the Defense Language Proficiency Test.\\nO-1 and O-2 refer to ranks, second lieutenant and first lieutenant, respectively.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Taking Special Forces Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take the Special Operations Preparation Course (SOPC).\", \"描述\": \"This course is 2 weeks long. You need to have already qualified for special forces training before taking this course, by completing the previous steps. This course will basically train you for the rigorous physical requirements of the Green Berets. You also need to be adept at land navigation. This course is given at Fort Bragg.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Go through Special Forces Assessment and Selection (SFAS).\", \"描述\": \"The SFAS course is both a training session and an assessment to see if you're able to move forward. It will test if you are physically and mentally able to deal with what special forces will require of you. In fact, this assessment is the first official part of Green Beret training.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take the Special Forces Qualification Course (SFQC).\", \"描述\": \"This course lasts almost a year. It trains you in everything from small unit tactics and survival skills to language and culture. One of the primary phases of this course is the Collective Training or Robin Sage training. During this phase, you will be divided into units as you would be in a combat zone and deployed in a the made-up country Pineland, an area in North Carolina. The phase will simulate what it's like to be on an actual mission and can separate out those are not able to cope.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Graduate from the program.\", \"描述\": \"If you make it through all the training, you will graduate from the program after SFQC. You will have about a week at the end to phase out of training.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"You cannot have had any disciplinary action taken against you, including a court marshal, while in the Army if you plan on entering the special forces.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,428 |
How to Become a Gunsmith
|
1. Preparing to Become a Gunsmith
1-1. Have an aptitude for learning technical skills.
Guns must be designed and built to exacting specifications in order to function safely and properly. Gunsmiths must be proficient in working with wood, metal, and other shop materials to create an intricate piece of equipment.
Math skills are important for gunsmiths, since they must measure and cut wood and metal.
Gunsmiths have excellent wood and metalworking skills. They know how to use shop equipment such as lathes, drill presses, precision measuring instruments, files and chisels, and other tools of the trade.
Gunsmiths have mechanical expertise. They understand the way the individual moving parts in a gun work together, and are able to identify the problem when a gun isn't working correctly.
1-2. Be interested in the history and production of guns.
Gunsmiths understand that they are building on gunsmithing knowledge that has evolved over several hundred years. They're familiar with old and new gun models, manufacturers, and accessories.
Gunsmiths are often collectors or hobbyists who have the desire to craft guns on their own.
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Many gunsmiths are members of organizations like the National Rifle Association, or attend conferences, trade shows and other events to congregate with other gunsmiths and learn more information about guns.
1-3. Be serious about gun safety.
Licensed gunsmiths know the importance of handling guns according to standard gun safety rules and the laws in their region.
Gun safety extends to the crafting of the gun itself, since a faulty gun could be unsafe for the user.
2. Education and Training
2-1. Start early.
Take industrial arts courses in high school such as machining, drafting and woodworking. These types of classes will form the basic skill set you need. If you've been out of high school for several years, take classes at a local community college to brush up on your skills.
2-2. Apply to a gunsmithing program at a college or trade school.
Most of these programs take between six months and two years. A list of accredited schools can be found on the on the NRA website.
Gunsmithing programs teach mechanical and tooling skills, the different functions and designs of various firearms, diagnosing and repairing guns, safety procedures, and in some cases chemistry and ballistics.
Consider enrolling in an online gunsmithing program, a popular alternative in recent years.
Gunsmithing programs always conduct background checks on their prospective students; those who don't pass are not admitted into the program.
2-3. Find an apprenticeship.
As an alternative or in addition to receiving a certification or diploma in gunsmithing, seek out a local gunsmith or apply through The Association of Gunsmiths and Related Trades (TAOGART) for apprenticeship status.
In order to apply through TAOGART you must be 16 or older. All applicants must be able to legally own and possess a firearm in compliance to federal and state laws.
If you are still in high school you must graduate and maintain at least a "C" average. You must have permission from your legal guardians and school officials (such as a principal or counselor).
A gunsmithing apprenticeship consists of on-site training and classroom instruction that totals about 8,000 hours. This time can vary depending on the type of firearm apprenticeship you undertake.
2-4. Obtain a Federal Firearms License (FFL).
This license differs from other firearms licenses in that it allows you to maintain possession of another person's firearm for more than a day, as you would do if you were repairing it.
In order to receive an FFL you must be over 21 years of age meet a number of strict gun safety requirements. A field agent will be dispatched to inspect your gunsmithing facilities and conduct an interview with you before the license is granted.
Apply for an FFL through the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). Check your local area for other licensing requirements.
3. Launching a Career as a Gunsmith
3-1. Consider specializing in a certain type of gunsmithing.
Some gunsmiths have found success by focusing on one of the following areas:
Custom gun designing and building.
Stockmaking, which involves building the gun stock using wood.
Gun engraving, which adds aesthetic value to guns with decorative or patterned engravings in the wood or metal.
Pistolsmithing, which is practiced by people who custom design and build only pistols. Other gunsmiths focus primarily on rifles or shotguns.
3-2. Consider working for a company.
Operating one's own business can be difficult and risky, so some gunsmiths prefer to work for someone else. Gunsmiths are employed at sporting goods and firearms stores, firearms manufacturers, and armories.
3-3. Apply for membership in a gunsmithing guild.
This can provide you with recognition and support. These associations also have scholarships for students going into the gunsmithing profession.
Tips
You may attend gun safety classes through most local police departments and hunting stores. Getting familiarized with guns and proper safety procedures before going to school can be beneficial.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing to Become a Gunsmith\\n1-1. Have an aptitude for learning technical skills.\\nGuns must be designed and built to exacting specifications in order to function safely and properly. Gunsmiths must be proficient in working with wood, metal, and other shop materials to create an intricate piece of equipment.\\nMath skills are important for gunsmiths, since they must measure and cut wood and metal.\\nGunsmiths have excellent wood and metalworking skills. They know how to use shop equipment such as lathes, drill presses, precision measuring instruments, files and chisels, and other tools of the trade.\\nGunsmiths have mechanical expertise. They understand the way the individual moving parts in a gun work together, and are able to identify the problem when a gun isn't working correctly.\\n1-2. Be interested in the history and production of guns.\\nGunsmiths understand that they are building on gunsmithing knowledge that has evolved over several hundred years. They're familiar with old and new gun models, manufacturers, and accessories.\\nGunsmiths are often collectors or hobbyists who have the desire to craft guns on their own.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/3\\\\/36\\\\/Become-a-Gunsmith-Step-2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Gunsmith-Step-2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/3\\\\/36\\\\/Become-a-Gunsmith-Step-2.jpg\\\\/aid1144932-v4-728px-Become-a-Gunsmith-Step-2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nMany gunsmiths are members of organizations like the National Rifle Association, or attend conferences, trade shows and other events to congregate with other gunsmiths and learn more information about guns.\\n1-3. Be serious about gun safety.\\nLicensed gunsmiths know the importance of handling guns according to standard gun safety rules and the laws in their region.\\nGun safety extends to the crafting of the gun itself, since a faulty gun could be unsafe for the user.\\n2. Education and Training\\n2-1. Start early.\\nTake industrial arts courses in high school such as machining, drafting and woodworking. These types of classes will form the basic skill set you need. If you've been out of high school for several years, take classes at a local community college to brush up on your skills.\\n2-2. Apply to a gunsmithing program at a college or trade school.\\nMost of these programs take between six months and two years. A list of accredited schools can be found on the on the NRA website.\\nGunsmithing programs teach mechanical and tooling skills, the different functions and designs of various firearms, diagnosing and repairing guns, safety procedures, and in some cases chemistry and ballistics.\\nConsider enrolling in an online gunsmithing program, a popular alternative in recent years.\\nGunsmithing programs always conduct background checks on their prospective students; those who don't pass are not admitted into the program.\\n2-3. Find an apprenticeship.\\nAs an alternative or in addition to receiving a certification or diploma in gunsmithing, seek out a local gunsmith or apply through The Association of Gunsmiths and Related Trades (TAOGART) for apprenticeship status.\\nIn order to apply through TAOGART you must be 16 or older. All applicants must be able to legally own and possess a firearm in compliance to federal and state laws.\\nIf you are still in high school you must graduate and maintain at least a \\\"C\\\" average. You must have permission from your legal guardians and school officials (such as a principal or counselor).\\nA gunsmithing apprenticeship consists of on-site training and classroom instruction that totals about 8,000 hours. This time can vary depending on the type of firearm apprenticeship you undertake.\\n2-4. Obtain a Federal Firearms License (FFL).\\nThis license differs from other firearms licenses in that it allows you to maintain possession of another person's firearm for more than a day, as you would do if you were repairing it.\\nIn order to receive an FFL you must be over 21 years of age meet a number of strict gun safety requirements. A field agent will be dispatched to inspect your gunsmithing facilities and conduct an interview with you before the license is granted.\\nApply for an FFL through the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). Check your local area for other licensing requirements.\\n3. Launching a Career as a Gunsmith\\n3-1. Consider specializing in a certain type of gunsmithing.\\nSome gunsmiths have found success by focusing on one of the following areas:\\nCustom gun designing and building.\\nStockmaking, which involves building the gun stock using wood.\\nGun engraving, which adds aesthetic value to guns with decorative or patterned engravings in the wood or metal.\\nPistolsmithing, which is practiced by people who custom design and build only pistols. Other gunsmiths focus primarily on rifles or shotguns.\\n3-2. Consider working for a company.\\nOperating one's own business can be difficult and risky, so some gunsmiths prefer to work for someone else. Gunsmiths are employed at sporting goods and firearms stores, firearms manufacturers, and armories.\\n3-3. Apply for membership in a gunsmithing guild.\\nThis can provide you with recognition and support. These associations also have scholarships for students going into the gunsmithing profession.\\nTips\\nYou may attend gun safety classes through most local police departments and hunting stores. Getting familiarized with guns and proper safety procedures before going to school can be beneficial.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Gunsmiths are skilled metal and woodworkers trained to build and repair guns. Some gunsmiths make a living using their skills, while others take up gunsmithing as a hobby. This article contains information on the craft of gunsmithing, the educational requirements for becoming a gunsmith, and the practical application of a gunsmithing diploma.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing to Become a Gunsmith\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have an aptitude for learning technical skills.\", \"描述\": \"Guns must be designed and built to exacting specifications in order to function safely and properly. Gunsmiths must be proficient in working with wood, metal, and other shop materials to create an intricate piece of equipment.\\nMath skills are important for gunsmiths, since they must measure and cut wood and metal.\\nGunsmiths have excellent wood and metalworking skills. They know how to use shop equipment such as lathes, drill presses, precision measuring instruments, files and chisels, and other tools of the trade.\\nGunsmiths have mechanical expertise. They understand the way the individual moving parts in a gun work together, and are able to identify the problem when a gun isn't working correctly.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be interested in the history and production of guns.\", \"描述\": \"Gunsmiths understand that they are building on gunsmithing knowledge that has evolved over several hundred years. They're familiar with old and new gun models, manufacturers, and accessories.\\nGunsmiths are often collectors or hobbyists who have the desire to craft guns on their own.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/3\\\\/36\\\\/Become-a-Gunsmith-Step-2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Gunsmith-Step-2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/3\\\\/36\\\\/Become-a-Gunsmith-Step-2.jpg\\\\/aid1144932-v4-728px-Become-a-Gunsmith-Step-2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nMany gunsmiths are members of organizations like the National Rifle Association, or attend conferences, trade shows and other events to congregate with other gunsmiths and learn more information about guns.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be serious about gun safety.\", \"描述\": \"Licensed gunsmiths know the importance of handling guns according to standard gun safety rules and the laws in their region.\\nGun safety extends to the crafting of the gun itself, since a faulty gun could be unsafe for the user.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Education and Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start early.\", \"描述\": \"Take industrial arts courses in high school such as machining, drafting and woodworking. These types of classes will form the basic skill set you need. If you've been out of high school for several years, take classes at a local community college to brush up on your skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply to a gunsmithing program at a college or trade school.\", \"描述\": \"Most of these programs take between six months and two years. A list of accredited schools can be found on the on the NRA website.\\nGunsmithing programs teach mechanical and tooling skills, the different functions and designs of various firearms, diagnosing and repairing guns, safety procedures, and in some cases chemistry and ballistics.\\nConsider enrolling in an online gunsmithing program, a popular alternative in recent years.\\nGunsmithing programs always conduct background checks on their prospective students; those who don't pass are not admitted into the program.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find an apprenticeship.\", \"描述\": \"As an alternative or in addition to receiving a certification or diploma in gunsmithing, seek out a local gunsmith or apply through The Association of Gunsmiths and Related Trades (TAOGART) for apprenticeship status.\\nIn order to apply through TAOGART you must be 16 or older. All applicants must be able to legally own and possess a firearm in compliance to federal and state laws.\\nIf you are still in high school you must graduate and maintain at least a \\\"C\\\" average. You must have permission from your legal guardians and school officials (such as a principal or counselor).\\nA gunsmithing apprenticeship consists of on-site training and classroom instruction that totals about 8,000 hours. This time can vary depending on the type of firearm apprenticeship you undertake.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Obtain a Federal Firearms License (FFL).\", \"描述\": \"This license differs from other firearms licenses in that it allows you to maintain possession of another person's firearm for more than a day, as you would do if you were repairing it.\\nIn order to receive an FFL you must be over 21 years of age meet a number of strict gun safety requirements. A field agent will be dispatched to inspect your gunsmithing facilities and conduct an interview with you before the license is granted.\\nApply for an FFL through the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). Check your local area for other licensing requirements.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Launching a Career as a Gunsmith\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider specializing in a certain type of gunsmithing.\", \"描述\": \"Some gunsmiths have found success by focusing on one of the following areas:\\nCustom gun designing and building.\\nStockmaking, which involves building the gun stock using wood.\\nGun engraving, which adds aesthetic value to guns with decorative or patterned engravings in the wood or metal.\\nPistolsmithing, which is practiced by people who custom design and build only pistols. Other gunsmiths focus primarily on rifles or shotguns.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider working for a company.\", \"描述\": \"Operating one's own business can be difficult and risky, so some gunsmiths prefer to work for someone else. Gunsmiths are employed at sporting goods and firearms stores, firearms manufacturers, and armories.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for membership in a gunsmithing guild.\", \"描述\": \"This can provide you with recognition and support. These associations also have scholarships for students going into the gunsmithing profession.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You may attend gun safety classes through most local police departments and hunting stores. Getting familiarized with guns and proper safety procedures before going to school can be beneficial.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,429 |
How to Become a Guy Magnet
|
1. Steps
1-1. Be true to yourself
It really is the most important place to begin. You must figure out who you are and what you want. If you don't know then no guy on earth will know either, and his best guess might be something negative. He might be right.
Be confident! Pretend that you're the most amazing person in the world. The more you practice feeling this way, the more it will feel real.
1-2. Whatever changes you need to make in your life, get on the road to making these changes.
We all have reasons for the things we do and the things we don't. If something is holding you back, get past it and get on with your life. You need to be complete before you go looking for someone to compliment you.
1-3. Dress in a way that makes you feel confident.
Some women feel most confident in a skirt and high heels. Other women feel more confident in jeans and a t-shirt. Wear what makes you feel best because confidence always makes you sexy. Don't make the mistake of wearing designer labels and believing that guys are only interested in girls that look very "girly." Some guys even think a girl with a tomboy streak is pretty cute. Aren't you good enough that he should like you for who you are?
1-4. Trust the law of attraction, but beware at the same time.
When you are being and looking yourself, you are guaranteed to attract people who want what you have. The only problem is that some will want to nurture you while others will want to exploit you. Open your eyes and ears, and it's fairly easy to tell who is who. This then brings to the next step...
1-5. Trust your instincts, and be a patient hunter.
Never be in a hurry. Wait until you have sufficient data by which to judge someone before you give them too much of your time and attention. This is handy for warding off both the jerks and the guys who will put you in the friend zone (even after - if - they've slept with you). A guy who needs an ego feeder is playing the modern male version of the Rapo game from the book Games People Play. They seduce you, and then all of a sudden claim that either they didn't want a relationship, or they just wanted to be friends. Whichever brand of time-wasting ego suckers you're dealing with, both are bad news. They not only take away your free time and mental space to talk to other guys, but they tend to make territorial gestures that keep other guys away.
1-6. Don't let your guy friends touch you for more than greeting, parting and occasional hugs in public.
Make yourself physically off limits to them. If they don't get the point, then tell them flat out that public displays of affection are for boyfriends only.
1-7. If a guy is interested in you, then make him prove it by engaging in whatever level of public activity and affection is appropriate for your culture.
If it means he has to sit with your parents, have him do this before he can get too close to you. If it means taking you to the cafe to sit and chat with your mutual friends, then do that too. Having an accountability factor for your partner improves your reputation by showing that you do have standards and also shows people that guys are not afraid to be seen with you. Men need to compete. Let them do it. If they think you're not worth it, then you know what you're dealing with.
1-8. Watch your posture, attitude and facial expressions.
Sit some time and have one of your friends videotape a night out with you. It'll be very enlightening. You might be too prissy, or you might be too frumpy. What you want to be, if you intend to be a guy magnet, is reasonably approachable... sexy and yet respectable... huggable.
1-9. Be well groomed
You don't have to have the "perfect" body or face. Most people have the basic natural equipment for beauty built in. Even if you have fairly serious looks problems or differences though, you can still be just as sexy and huggable as the media clone next to you if you smell good and look like you put some time and effort into your hygiene and grooming.
1-10. Don't call a guy excessively, especially if you're not in a relationship with him.
Let the guy call you sometime. If he's interested or worth pursuing, he will. Even if he is submissive, he still needs a chance to be a man.
1-11. Mind your manners
You don't need to be a total prude, but you do need to leave the plate on the table when you eat, chew with your mouth closed, and look at people when they're talking to you.
1-12. Look at guys.
If they like you, they're going to be trying to catch your eye. Look into their eyes, smile, and then look away coolly as if something else has caught your attention.
Tips
Don't push him away thinking that will make him want you more, keep him close.
Be hard to get but flirty.If you show you're interested in him, he will get the clues if he doesn't be playful and giggle and laugh around him
Avoid flirting too often--this gives the indication that flirting is the only thing on your mind. Like they say, "Less is more."
Warnings
Make sure you already know what kind of guy you want to attract.
If he asks you questions, don't gabble on for ages. Let him talk about himself as well.
Don't dress like a very available person. Don't show too much as you might give the wrong impression that you're asking for just that.
Don't be hostile, but at the same time don't be over-friendly.
If a conversation is uncomfortable to you, just change the subject to make sure it's about him.
Ask the guy you like out with confidence.
Playing hard to get makes you hard to want- don’t do it. Guys with low self-esteem will probably just give up thinking they’re not good enough, as well.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Be true to yourself\\nIt really is the most important place to begin. You must figure out who you are and what you want. If you don't know then no guy on earth will know either, and his best guess might be something negative. He might be right. \\nBe confident! Pretend that you're the most amazing person in the world. The more you practice feeling this way, the more it will feel real.\\n1-2. Whatever changes you need to make in your life, get on the road to making these changes.\\nWe all have reasons for the things we do and the things we don't. If something is holding you back, get past it and get on with your life. You need to be complete before you go looking for someone to compliment you.\\n1-3. Dress in a way that makes you feel confident.\\nSome women feel most confident in a skirt and high heels. Other women feel more confident in jeans and a t-shirt. Wear what makes you feel best because confidence always makes you sexy. Don't make the mistake of wearing designer labels and believing that guys are only interested in girls that look very \\\"girly.\\\" Some guys even think a girl with a tomboy streak is pretty cute. Aren't you good enough that he should like you for who you are?\\n1-4. Trust the law of attraction, but beware at the same time.\\nWhen you are being and looking yourself, you are guaranteed to attract people who want what you have. The only problem is that some will want to nurture you while others will want to exploit you. Open your eyes and ears, and it's fairly easy to tell who is who. This then brings to the next step...\\n1-5. Trust your instincts, and be a patient hunter.\\nNever be in a hurry. Wait until you have sufficient data by which to judge someone before you give them too much of your time and attention. This is handy for warding off both the jerks and the guys who will put you in the friend zone (even after - if - they've slept with you). A guy who needs an ego feeder is playing the modern male version of the Rapo game from the book Games People Play. They seduce you, and then all of a sudden claim that either they didn't want a relationship, or they just wanted to be friends. Whichever brand of time-wasting ego suckers you're dealing with, both are bad news. They not only take away your free time and mental space to talk to other guys, but they tend to make territorial gestures that keep other guys away.\\n1-6. Don't let your guy friends touch you for more than greeting, parting and occasional hugs in public.\\nMake yourself physically off limits to them. If they don't get the point, then tell them flat out that public displays of affection are for boyfriends only.\\n1-7. If a guy is interested in you, then make him prove it by engaging in whatever level of public activity and affection is appropriate for your culture.\\nIf it means he has to sit with your parents, have him do this before he can get too close to you. If it means taking you to the cafe to sit and chat with your mutual friends, then do that too. Having an accountability factor for your partner improves your reputation by showing that you do have standards and also shows people that guys are not afraid to be seen with you. Men need to compete. Let them do it. If they think you're not worth it, then you know what you're dealing with.\\n1-8. Watch your posture, attitude and facial expressions.\\nSit some time and have one of your friends videotape a night out with you. It'll be very enlightening. You might be too prissy, or you might be too frumpy. What you want to be, if you intend to be a guy magnet, is reasonably approachable... sexy and yet respectable... huggable.\\n1-9. Be well groomed\\nYou don't have to have the \\\"perfect\\\" body or face. Most people have the basic natural equipment for beauty built in. Even if you have fairly serious looks problems or differences though, you can still be just as sexy and huggable as the media clone next to you if you smell good and look like you put some time and effort into your hygiene and grooming.\\n1-10. Don't call a guy excessively, especially if you're not in a relationship with him.\\nLet the guy call you sometime. If he's interested or worth pursuing, he will. Even if he is submissive, he still needs a chance to be a man.\\n1-11. Mind your manners\\nYou don't need to be a total prude, but you do need to leave the plate on the table when you eat, chew with your mouth closed, and look at people when they're talking to you.\\n1-12. Look at guys.\\nIf they like you, they're going to be trying to catch your eye. Look into their eyes, smile, and then look away coolly as if something else has caught your attention.\\nTips\\nDon't push him away thinking that will make him want you more, keep him close.\\nBe hard to get but flirty.If you show you're interested in him, he will get the clues if he doesn't be playful and giggle and laugh around him\\nAvoid flirting too often--this gives the indication that flirting is the only thing on your mind. Like they say, \\\"Less is more.\\\"\\nWarnings\\nMake sure you already know what kind of guy you want to attract.\\nIf he asks you questions, don't gabble on for ages. Let him talk about himself as well.\\nDon't dress like a very available person. Don't show too much as you might give the wrong impression that you're asking for just that.\\nDon't be hostile, but at the same time don't be over-friendly.\\nIf a conversation is uncomfortable to you, just change the subject to make sure it's about him.\\nAsk the guy you like out with confidence.\\nPlaying hard to get makes you hard to want- don’t do it. Guys with low self-esteem will probably just give up thinking they’re not good enough, as well.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Having bad luck with men? Are you one of those ladies with a jerk radar or who constantly ends up in the friend zone? Here are some good advice for these kind of situations.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be true to yourself\", \"描述\": \"It really is the most important place to begin. You must figure out who you are and what you want. If you don't know then no guy on earth will know either, and his best guess might be something negative. He might be right. \\nBe confident! Pretend that you're the most amazing person in the world. The more you practice feeling this way, the more it will feel real.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Whatever changes you need to make in your life, get on the road to making these changes.\", \"描述\": \"We all have reasons for the things we do and the things we don't. If something is holding you back, get past it and get on with your life. You need to be complete before you go looking for someone to compliment you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Dress in a way that makes you feel confident.\", \"描述\": \"Some women feel most confident in a skirt and high heels. Other women feel more confident in jeans and a t-shirt. Wear what makes you feel best because confidence always makes you sexy. Don't make the mistake of wearing designer labels and believing that guys are only interested in girls that look very \\\"girly.\\\" Some guys even think a girl with a tomboy streak is pretty cute. Aren't you good enough that he should like you for who you are?\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Trust the law of attraction, but beware at the same time.\", \"描述\": \"When you are being and looking yourself, you are guaranteed to attract people who want what you have. The only problem is that some will want to nurture you while others will want to exploit you. Open your eyes and ears, and it's fairly easy to tell who is who. This then brings to the next step...\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Trust your instincts, and be a patient hunter.\", \"描述\": \"Never be in a hurry. Wait until you have sufficient data by which to judge someone before you give them too much of your time and attention. This is handy for warding off both the jerks and the guys who will put you in the friend zone (even after - if - they've slept with you). A guy who needs an ego feeder is playing the modern male version of the Rapo game from the book Games People Play. They seduce you, and then all of a sudden claim that either they didn't want a relationship, or they just wanted to be friends. Whichever brand of time-wasting ego suckers you're dealing with, both are bad news. They not only take away your free time and mental space to talk to other guys, but they tend to make territorial gestures that keep other guys away.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Don't let your guy friends touch you for more than greeting, parting and occasional hugs in public.\", \"描述\": \"Make yourself physically off limits to them. If they don't get the point, then tell them flat out that public displays of affection are for boyfriends only.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"If a guy is interested in you, then make him prove it by engaging in whatever level of public activity and affection is appropriate for your culture.\", \"描述\": \"If it means he has to sit with your parents, have him do this before he can get too close to you. If it means taking you to the cafe to sit and chat with your mutual friends, then do that too. Having an accountability factor for your partner improves your reputation by showing that you do have standards and also shows people that guys are not afraid to be seen with you. Men need to compete. Let them do it. If they think you're not worth it, then you know what you're dealing with.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Watch your posture, attitude and facial expressions.\", \"描述\": \"Sit some time and have one of your friends videotape a night out with you. It'll be very enlightening. You might be too prissy, or you might be too frumpy. What you want to be, if you intend to be a guy magnet, is reasonably approachable... sexy and yet respectable... huggable.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Be well groomed\", \"描述\": \"You don't have to have the \\\"perfect\\\" body or face. Most people have the basic natural equipment for beauty built in. Even if you have fairly serious looks problems or differences though, you can still be just as sexy and huggable as the media clone next to you if you smell good and look like you put some time and effort into your hygiene and grooming.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Don't call a guy excessively, especially if you're not in a relationship with him.\", \"描述\": \"Let the guy call you sometime. If he's interested or worth pursuing, he will. Even if he is submissive, he still needs a chance to be a man.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Mind your manners\", \"描述\": \"You don't need to be a total prude, but you do need to leave the plate on the table when you eat, chew with your mouth closed, and look at people when they're talking to you.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Look at guys.\", \"描述\": \"If they like you, they're going to be trying to catch your eye. Look into their eyes, smile, and then look away coolly as if something else has caught your attention.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don't push him away thinking that will make him want you more, keep him close.\\n\", \"Be hard to get but flirty.If you show you're interested in him, he will get the clues if he doesn't be playful and giggle and laugh around him\\n\", \"Avoid flirting too often--this gives the indication that flirting is the only thing on your mind. Like they say, \\\"Less is more.\\\"\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Make sure you already know what kind of guy you want to attract.\\n\", \"If he asks you questions, don't gabble on for ages. Let him talk about himself as well.\\n\", \"Don't dress like a very available person. Don't show too much as you might give the wrong impression that you're asking for just that.\\n\", \"Don't be hostile, but at the same time don't be over-friendly.\\n\", \"If a conversation is uncomfortable to you, just change the subject to make sure it's about him.\\n\", \"Ask the guy you like out with confidence.\\n\", \"Playing hard to get makes you hard to want- don’t do it. Guys with low self-esteem will probably just give up thinking they’re not good enough, as well.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,430 |
How to Become a Gyaru
|
1. Steps
1-1. Research gyaru.
Gyaru is defined by it's uprooting of typical Japanese beauty standards- pale skin, dark hair, neutral coloured clothing and subtlety. Ergo, gyaru fashion is all about darkly bronzed faces, extreme makeup, bright fashion and comes with it's own culture of rebelling against society, not conforming. Gyaru culture is about being youthful and "out-there", an emphasis on hanging out with friends over impressing guys, partying, owning your sexuality, being rebellious and having fun. Some say gyaru was an exaggerated representation of American teenaged party culture. For some information on history and culture, read articles online.
1-2. Choose your type of gyaru.
While there are many different types, they often encompass the same things. The following is only a few types, look online for more.
Ganguro: Influenced most by "black culture" and hip-hop culture from the mid-90's and early 2000s. Always needs dark makeup and bleached hair.
Kogyaru/Kogal: The "ko" in it's name comes from the Japanese word for "child", meaning this form of gyaru is all about looking cute and young. It involves wearing forms of school uniforms with alterations (eg. loose socks, short skirts).
Yamanba: Uses thick, bright and colourful eye makeup for an almost "panda" effect and symbols from pop culture (especially Disney characters)
Manba: Uses beach-wear eg. strappy bright sundresses and sandals, and equally colourful hair highlights and tanned skin.
Banba: Similar to manba, but takes inspiration from Barbie. Has naturally coloured hair and slightly lighter skin, and uses a lot of pink.
Ganjiro: A more common form of gyaru that follows the culture and trends but doesn't use the same dark skin.
Tsuyome: A more subtle version of Manba/Banba that uses less heavy makeup.
Onee-gyaru: A classier form of gyaru for older women and girls who wanted to retain their style but also look more professional. Subdued but still takes from American culture.
B-Gyaru: A style that is all about looking like an African-American R&B artist by wearing cornrows and painting their skin brown. Not recommended, since this classifies as blackface and is offensive.
Hime-gyaru: A style of gyaru that's all about looking like a "hime" (princess). A lot of pearls, expensive products and frills are involved.
1-3. Wear the clothes.
From the above list, you should have a rough idea of what clothes you should be getting. If you're looking at hime-gyaru or another romantic style, go for pastels and pearls and glamour. If you're going for something like Manba, you're better off raiding thrift shops for cute, bright clothes. Things from the early 2000s and the 90's are great, the more colourful and cheesy the better. Look online for inspiration and more information, since there's so many variations.
1-4. Apply the appropriate makeup.
This is arguably the most important part of the fashion. While many gyaru styles involve just simple bronzer, falsies, light lipstick and contouring, many go above and beyond. If this applies to you, you'll need dark bronzer, large false eyelashes in various colours (even metallic or glittery ones), strong white eyeshadow or highlighter in the brightest and strongest colour you can get, a big colourful eyeshadow palette, both white and black eyeliner and pale lipstick. Use images online and copy those at first as you find what you like best. Some people prefer the white panda-eye effect, others like to wear just a little white eyeshadow around the eyes, some like intense and in-your-face obvious contouring along the nose in white eyeliner, others like the natural subtle look, some like flashy false eyelashes in crazy colours and textures, other prefer a simple black one along the upper lash line. You get the idea: gyaru can be as extreme or as subtle as it needs to be. However, put focus on the eyes and make them look as big as you can. False eyelashes are a must.
1-5. Do your hair.
Think big, beachy and bright. Many gyarus wear wigs which is especially helpful if your hair is thin or you don't want it permanently bleached. You can buy wigs online, but don't be tempted to buy a cheap party wig. They are usually bad-quality, shiny and not suitable for fashion. If you choose to use your natural hair, it's traditional to bleach it to blonde, light orange or colour it a pastel colour. Hairstyles include a lot of hairspray, waves and curls, sideswept fringes and are usually a considerable length. Use things like plastic hairclips and scrunchies if your style permits, or for a more feminine look use tiaras and silver headbands.
1-6. Accessorize!
Gyarus like ridiculously long manicures with plenty of decoration on them. You can recreate this style by using false nails, glitter, tiny beads/rhinestones and a bright coloured nail-polish. You can pretty much "gyaru-ify" anything you wear like earmuffs, handbags, necklaces etc. by gluing on rhinestones and trinkets. An especially common trait in gyarus is their dramatically glitzy phones- the process of adding bling to your phone or iPod is called "decoden" in Japan (a mixture of the word "deco" for decoration and "denwa" which is phone). You can look online for tutorials in making such a phone-case or buy them online from sites like eBay or Etsy.
1-7. Enjoy gyaru media.
Since gyaru isn't as popular as it once was, many gyaru-centred magazines have been discontinued. The most famous gyaru magazine was "EGG", which you can still find copies of online. Older versions focus more on Manba than the more subtle styles, and of course all the articles are written in Japanese. However there are photoshoots, street fashion, makeup tutorials and other fun stuff that you can enjoy even if you can't speak the language. Since gyaru takes a lot of inspiration from American culture, things like R&B music, 90's pop, Disney movies etc. are all relevant to gyaru.
1-8. Live the gyaru lifestyle.
Being a gyaru is all about owning yourself and being confident. If you're of age, many gyarus would go clubbing and partying on the weekends. They also owned their own sexuality and didn't stigmatize casual sex. Being a gyaru is all about having fun and being crazy while you still can, so own it!
Tips
If you already speak Japanese, try learning the typing style "gyaru-moji".
Warnings
Never use blackface or culturally appropriate.
This is a very crazy style that is inactive almost everywhere. Use this look subtly or wear it to conventions or Harajuku fashion meet-ups.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Research gyaru.\\nGyaru is defined by it's uprooting of typical Japanese beauty standards- pale skin, dark hair, neutral coloured clothing and subtlety. Ergo, gyaru fashion is all about darkly bronzed faces, extreme makeup, bright fashion and comes with it's own culture of rebelling against society, not conforming. Gyaru culture is about being youthful and \\\"out-there\\\", an emphasis on hanging out with friends over impressing guys, partying, owning your sexuality, being rebellious and having fun. Some say gyaru was an exaggerated representation of American teenaged party culture. For some information on history and culture, read articles online.\\n1-2. Choose your type of gyaru.\\nWhile there are many different types, they often encompass the same things. The following is only a few types, look online for more.\\nGanguro: Influenced most by \\\"black culture\\\" and hip-hop culture from the mid-90's and early 2000s. Always needs dark makeup and bleached hair.\\nKogyaru/Kogal: The \\\"ko\\\" in it's name comes from the Japanese word for \\\"child\\\", meaning this form of gyaru is all about looking cute and young. It involves wearing forms of school uniforms with alterations (eg. loose socks, short skirts).\\nYamanba: Uses thick, bright and colourful eye makeup for an almost \\\"panda\\\" effect and symbols from pop culture (especially Disney characters)\\nManba: Uses beach-wear eg. strappy bright sundresses and sandals, and equally colourful hair highlights and tanned skin.\\nBanba: Similar to manba, but takes inspiration from Barbie. Has naturally coloured hair and slightly lighter skin, and uses a lot of pink.\\nGanjiro: A more common form of gyaru that follows the culture and trends but doesn't use the same dark skin.\\nTsuyome: A more subtle version of Manba/Banba that uses less heavy makeup.\\nOnee-gyaru: A classier form of gyaru for older women and girls who wanted to retain their style but also look more professional. Subdued but still takes from American culture.\\nB-Gyaru: A style that is all about looking like an African-American R&B artist by wearing cornrows and painting their skin brown. Not recommended, since this classifies as blackface and is offensive.\\nHime-gyaru: A style of gyaru that's all about looking like a \\\"hime\\\" (princess). A lot of pearls, expensive products and frills are involved.\\n1-3. Wear the clothes.\\nFrom the above list, you should have a rough idea of what clothes you should be getting. If you're looking at hime-gyaru or another romantic style, go for pastels and pearls and glamour. If you're going for something like Manba, you're better off raiding thrift shops for cute, bright clothes. Things from the early 2000s and the 90's are great, the more colourful and cheesy the better. Look online for inspiration and more information, since there's so many variations.\\n1-4. Apply the appropriate makeup.\\nThis is arguably the most important part of the fashion. While many gyaru styles involve just simple bronzer, falsies, light lipstick and contouring, many go above and beyond. If this applies to you, you'll need dark bronzer, large false eyelashes in various colours (even metallic or glittery ones), strong white eyeshadow or highlighter in the brightest and strongest colour you can get, a big colourful eyeshadow palette, both white and black eyeliner and pale lipstick. Use images online and copy those at first as you find what you like best. Some people prefer the white panda-eye effect, others like to wear just a little white eyeshadow around the eyes, some like intense and in-your-face obvious contouring along the nose in white eyeliner, others like the natural subtle look, some like flashy false eyelashes in crazy colours and textures, other prefer a simple black one along the upper lash line. You get the idea: gyaru can be as extreme or as subtle as it needs to be. However, put focus on the eyes and make them look as big as you can. False eyelashes are a must.\\n1-5. Do your hair.\\nThink big, beachy and bright. Many gyarus wear wigs which is especially helpful if your hair is thin or you don't want it permanently bleached. You can buy wigs online, but don't be tempted to buy a cheap party wig. They are usually bad-quality, shiny and not suitable for fashion. If you choose to use your natural hair, it's traditional to bleach it to blonde, light orange or colour it a pastel colour. Hairstyles include a lot of hairspray, waves and curls, sideswept fringes and are usually a considerable length. Use things like plastic hairclips and scrunchies if your style permits, or for a more feminine look use tiaras and silver headbands.\\n1-6. Accessorize!\\nGyarus like ridiculously long manicures with plenty of decoration on them. You can recreate this style by using false nails, glitter, tiny beads/rhinestones and a bright coloured nail-polish. You can pretty much \\\"gyaru-ify\\\" anything you wear like earmuffs, handbags, necklaces etc. by gluing on rhinestones and trinkets. An especially common trait in gyarus is their dramatically glitzy phones- the process of adding bling to your phone or iPod is called \\\"decoden\\\" in Japan (a mixture of the word \\\"deco\\\" for decoration and \\\"denwa\\\" which is phone). You can look online for tutorials in making such a phone-case or buy them online from sites like eBay or Etsy.\\n1-7. Enjoy gyaru media.\\nSince gyaru isn't as popular as it once was, many gyaru-centred magazines have been discontinued. The most famous gyaru magazine was \\\"EGG\\\", which you can still find copies of online. Older versions focus more on Manba than the more subtle styles, and of course all the articles are written in Japanese. However there are photoshoots, street fashion, makeup tutorials and other fun stuff that you can enjoy even if you can't speak the language. Since gyaru takes a lot of inspiration from American culture, things like R&B music, 90's pop, Disney movies etc. are all relevant to gyaru.\\n1-8. Live the gyaru lifestyle.\\nBeing a gyaru is all about owning yourself and being confident. If you're of age, many gyarus would go clubbing and partying on the weekends. They also owned their own sexuality and didn't stigmatize casual sex. Being a gyaru is all about having fun and being crazy while you still can, so own it!\\nTips\\nIf you already speak Japanese, try learning the typing style \\\"gyaru-moji\\\".\\nWarnings\\nNever use blackface or culturally appropriate.\\nThis is a very crazy style that is inactive almost everywhere. Use this look subtly or wear it to conventions or Harajuku fashion meet-ups.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Gyaru (Japanese form of \\\"gal\\\") was a Japanese fashion that originated in Shibuya and was popular in the late 90's. If you want to recreate this iconic style, here's how.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research gyaru.\", \"描述\": \"Gyaru is defined by it's uprooting of typical Japanese beauty standards- pale skin, dark hair, neutral coloured clothing and subtlety. Ergo, gyaru fashion is all about darkly bronzed faces, extreme makeup, bright fashion and comes with it's own culture of rebelling against society, not conforming. Gyaru culture is about being youthful and \\\"out-there\\\", an emphasis on hanging out with friends over impressing guys, partying, owning your sexuality, being rebellious and having fun. Some say gyaru was an exaggerated representation of American teenaged party culture. For some information on history and culture, read articles online.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose your type of gyaru.\", \"描述\": \"While there are many different types, they often encompass the same things. The following is only a few types, look online for more.\\nGanguro: Influenced most by \\\"black culture\\\" and hip-hop culture from the mid-90's and early 2000s. Always needs dark makeup and bleached hair.\\nKogyaru/Kogal: The \\\"ko\\\" in it's name comes from the Japanese word for \\\"child\\\", meaning this form of gyaru is all about looking cute and young. It involves wearing forms of school uniforms with alterations (eg. loose socks, short skirts).\\nYamanba: Uses thick, bright and colourful eye makeup for an almost \\\"panda\\\" effect and symbols from pop culture (especially Disney characters)\\nManba: Uses beach-wear eg. strappy bright sundresses and sandals, and equally colourful hair highlights and tanned skin.\\nBanba: Similar to manba, but takes inspiration from Barbie. Has naturally coloured hair and slightly lighter skin, and uses a lot of pink.\\nGanjiro: A more common form of gyaru that follows the culture and trends but doesn't use the same dark skin.\\nTsuyome: A more subtle version of Manba/Banba that uses less heavy makeup.\\nOnee-gyaru: A classier form of gyaru for older women and girls who wanted to retain their style but also look more professional. Subdued but still takes from American culture.\\nB-Gyaru: A style that is all about looking like an African-American R&B artist by wearing cornrows and painting their skin brown. Not recommended, since this classifies as blackface and is offensive.\\nHime-gyaru: A style of gyaru that's all about looking like a \\\"hime\\\" (princess). A lot of pearls, expensive products and frills are involved.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wear the clothes.\", \"描述\": \"From the above list, you should have a rough idea of what clothes you should be getting. If you're looking at hime-gyaru or another romantic style, go for pastels and pearls and glamour. If you're going for something like Manba, you're better off raiding thrift shops for cute, bright clothes. Things from the early 2000s and the 90's are great, the more colourful and cheesy the better. Look online for inspiration and more information, since there's so many variations.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply the appropriate makeup.\", \"描述\": \"This is arguably the most important part of the fashion. While many gyaru styles involve just simple bronzer, falsies, light lipstick and contouring, many go above and beyond. If this applies to you, you'll need dark bronzer, large false eyelashes in various colours (even metallic or glittery ones), strong white eyeshadow or highlighter in the brightest and strongest colour you can get, a big colourful eyeshadow palette, both white and black eyeliner and pale lipstick. Use images online and copy those at first as you find what you like best. Some people prefer the white panda-eye effect, others like to wear just a little white eyeshadow around the eyes, some like intense and in-your-face obvious contouring along the nose in white eyeliner, others like the natural subtle look, some like flashy false eyelashes in crazy colours and textures, other prefer a simple black one along the upper lash line. You get the idea: gyaru can be as extreme or as subtle as it needs to be. However, put focus on the eyes and make them look as big as you can. False eyelashes are a must.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do your hair.\", \"描述\": \"Think big, beachy and bright. Many gyarus wear wigs which is especially helpful if your hair is thin or you don't want it permanently bleached. You can buy wigs online, but don't be tempted to buy a cheap party wig. They are usually bad-quality, shiny and not suitable for fashion. If you choose to use your natural hair, it's traditional to bleach it to blonde, light orange or colour it a pastel colour. Hairstyles include a lot of hairspray, waves and curls, sideswept fringes and are usually a considerable length. Use things like plastic hairclips and scrunchies if your style permits, or for a more feminine look use tiaras and silver headbands.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Accessorize!\", \"描述\": \"Gyarus like ridiculously long manicures with plenty of decoration on them. You can recreate this style by using false nails, glitter, tiny beads/rhinestones and a bright coloured nail-polish. You can pretty much \\\"gyaru-ify\\\" anything you wear like earmuffs, handbags, necklaces etc. by gluing on rhinestones and trinkets. An especially common trait in gyarus is their dramatically glitzy phones- the process of adding bling to your phone or iPod is called \\\"decoden\\\" in Japan (a mixture of the word \\\"deco\\\" for decoration and \\\"denwa\\\" which is phone). You can look online for tutorials in making such a phone-case or buy them online from sites like eBay or Etsy.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Enjoy gyaru media.\", \"描述\": \"Since gyaru isn't as popular as it once was, many gyaru-centred magazines have been discontinued. The most famous gyaru magazine was \\\"EGG\\\", which you can still find copies of online. Older versions focus more on Manba than the more subtle styles, and of course all the articles are written in Japanese. However there are photoshoots, street fashion, makeup tutorials and other fun stuff that you can enjoy even if you can't speak the language. Since gyaru takes a lot of inspiration from American culture, things like R&B music, 90's pop, Disney movies etc. are all relevant to gyaru.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Live the gyaru lifestyle.\", \"描述\": \"Being a gyaru is all about owning yourself and being confident. If you're of age, many gyarus would go clubbing and partying on the weekends. They also owned their own sexuality and didn't stigmatize casual sex. Being a gyaru is all about having fun and being crazy while you still can, so own it!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you already speak Japanese, try learning the typing style \\\"gyaru-moji\\\".\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Never use blackface or culturally appropriate.\\n\", \"This is a very crazy style that is inactive almost everywhere. Use this look subtly or wear it to conventions or Harajuku fashion meet-ups.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,431 |
How to Become a Hacker
|
1. Learning Fundamentals
1-1. Run a UNIX-like OS, such as Linux.
UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems are the operating systems of the Internet. While you can learn to use the Internet without knowing UNIX, you can't be an Internet hacker without understanding UNIX. For this reason, the hacker culture today is pretty strongly UNIX-centered. There are many types of UNIX-like operating systems, the most popular being Linux, which you can run alongside Microsoft Windows on the same machine. Download Linux online or find a local Linux user group to help you with installation.
A good way to dip your toes in the water is to boot up a device called a live USB or CD, a distribution that runs entirely off a CD or USB without modifying your hard disk. A way to get a look at the possibilities without having to do anything drastic.
There are other UNIX-like operating systems besides Linux, such as the *BSD systems. The most popular *BSD systems are FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and DragonFly BSD. All are open source just like Linux. However, it's important to remember that they are BSD and not Linux.
MacOS on Darwin, a UNIX operating system that's on FreeBSD. Darwin is fully free and open source and is available from http://opensource.apple.com. Because the core of the system is UNIX, and MacOS is very popular, many people have ported over Linux applications to MacOS. You can get those programs with a package manager like homebrew, fink or MacPorts. Alternatively, you can just run Linux on a Mac alongside macOS.
If you want to get super niche, you can even run an operating system like Open Indiana, which is based on the open source release of the Solaris operating system before it was acquired by Oracle and made closed source. OpenIndiana and Solaris made on UNIX System V, and, as such, are not compatible with Linux applications. That said, there are many ports of Linux applications. You're probably better off just using MacOS, BSD or Linux because they are much more popular and have many more programs available for them.
1-2. Write HTML
If you don't know how to program, learning basic HyperText Mark-Up Language (HTML) and gradually building proficiency is essential. What you see when you look at a website of pictures, images, and design components is all coded using HTML. For a project, set out to learn how to make a basic home page and work your way up from there.
In your browser, open the page source information to examine the HTML to see an example. Go to Web Developer > Page Source in Firefox and spend time looking at the code.
You can write HTML in a basic word processing program like Notepad or Simple text and save your files as "yourCoolFileName" so you can upload them to a browser and see your work translated.
1-3. Learn the language of programming
Before you start writing poems, you have to learn basic grammar. Before you break the rules, you have to learn the rules. But if your ultimate goal is to become a hacker, you're going to need more than basic English to write your masterpiece.
Python is a good "language" to start off with because it's cleanly designed, well documented, and relatively kind to beginners. Despite being a good first language, it is not just a toy; it is compelling, flexible, and well-suited for large projects.
If you get into serious programming, you will have to learn Java is an alternative, but its value as a first programming language has been currently questioned in its particular state.
Unlike Java, Javascript is very similar to Python as they are both a C-based language and extremely new user-friendly. Javascript is "the programming language of the web," so If you'd like to continue your learning in web development/hacking, Javascript is better to learn than Python.
An alternative to JavaScript would be PHP C, the core language of Unix. C++ is very closely related to C; if you know one, learning the other will not be difficult. C is very efficient with your machine's resources but will soak up huge amounts of your time on debugging and is often avoided for that reason, unless the efficiency of your computer is especially important.
It is probably a good idea to use a good starting platform such as Backtrack 5 R3, Kali or Ubuntu 12.04LTS.
2. Adopting Hacking Attitudes
2-1. Think creatively.
Now that you've got the basic skills in place, you can start thinking artistically. Hackers are like artists, philosophers, and engineers all rolled up into one. They believe in freedom and mutual responsibility. The world is full of fascinating problems waiting to be solved. Hackers take a special delight in solving problems, sharpening their skills, and exercising their intelligence.
Hackers have a diversity of interests culturally and intellectually, outside of hacking. Work as intensely as you play, and play as intensely as you work. For true hackers, the boundaries between "play," "work," "science," and "art" all tend to disappear or to merge into a high-level creative playfulness.
Read science fiction. Go to science fiction conventions, which is a great way to meet hackers and proto-hackers.
Consider training in a martial art. The kind of mental discipline required for martial arts seems to be similar in important ways to what hackers do. The most hacker-ly martial arts are those which emphasize mental discipline, relaxed awareness, and control, rather than raw strength, athleticism, or physical toughness. Tai Chi is a good martial art for hackers.
2-2. Learn to love solving problems.
No problem should ever have to be solved twice. Think of it as a community in which the time of everyone is hackers is precious. Hackers believe sharing information is a moral responsibility. When you solve problems, make the information public to help everyone solve the same issue.
You don't have to believe that you're obligated to give all your creative product away, though the hackers that do are the ones that get the most respect from other hackers. It's consistent with hacker values to sell enough of it to keep you in food and rent and computers.
Read older pieces, such as the "Jargon File" or "Hacker Manifesto" by The Mentor. They may be out of date regarding technical issues, but the attitude and spirit are just as timely.
2-3. Learn to recognize and fight authority.
The enemy of the hacker is boredom, drudgery, and authoritarian figures who use censorship and secrecy to strangle the freedom of information. Monotonous work keeps the hacker from hacking.
Embracing hacking as a way of life is to reject so-called "normal" concepts of work and property, choosing instead to fight for equality and common knowledge.
2-4. Be competent.
So, anyone who spends time on Reddit can write up a ridiculous cyberpunk username and pose as a hacker. But the Internet is a great equalizer and values competence over ego and posture. Spend time working on your craft and not your image, and you'll more quickly gain respect than modeling yourself on the superficial things we think of "hacking" in popular culture.
3. Hacking Well
3-1. Write open-source software.
Write programs that other hackers think are fun or useful, and give the program sources away to the whole hacker culture to use. Hackerdom's most revered demigods are people who have written large, capable programs that met a widespread need and given them away so that now everyone uses them.
3-2. Help test and debug open-source software.
Any open-source author who's thinking will tell you that good beta-testers (who know how to describe symptoms, localize problems well, can tolerate bugs in a quickie release, and are willing to apply a few simple diagnostic routines) are worth their weight in rubies.
Try to find a program under development that you're interested in and be a good beta-tester. There's a natural progression from helping test programs to helping debug them to helping modify them. You'll learn a lot this way, and generate goodwill with people who will help you later on.
3-3. Publish useful information.
Another good thing is to collect and filter useful and interesting information into web pages or documents like Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) lists, and make those available. Maintainers of major technical FAQs get almost as much respect as open-source authors.
3-4. Help keeps the infrastructure working.
Volunteers run the hacker culture (and the engineering development of the Internet, for that matter). There's a lot of necessary but unglamorous work that needs to be done to keep it going — administering mailing lists, moderating newsgroups, maintaining large software archive sites, developing RFCs and other technical standards. People who do this sort of thing well get a lot of respect, because everybody knows these jobs are huge time sinks and not as much fun as playing with code. Doing them shows dedication.
3-5. Serve the hacker culture itself.
It is not something you'll be positioned to do until you've been around for a while and become well-known for one of the four previous items. The hacker culture doesn't have leaders, exactly, but it does have culture heroes and tribal elders and historians and spokespeople. When you've been in the trenches long enough, you may grow into one of these.
Hackers distrust blatant ego in their tribal elders, so visibly reaching for this kind of fame is dangerous. Rather than striving for it, you have to position yourself, so it drops in your lap, and then be modest and gracious about your status.
Tips
Some companies pay for hackers to test their security. If you become good enough, this can be your job!
Make sure not to get caught, though what you plan to do could be illegal, it is recommended that you DO NOT engage in Black Hat hacking.
Write your native language well. Though it's a common stereotype that programmers can't write, a surprising number of hackers are very able writers.
Warnings
Black hat hacking (hacking for criminal purposes) is an illegal activity which can result in major penalties. It is a major offense and is punishable under the law.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning Fundamentals\\n1-1. Run a UNIX-like OS, such as Linux.\\nUNIX and UNIX-like operating systems are the operating systems of the Internet. While you can learn to use the Internet without knowing UNIX, you can't be an Internet hacker without understanding UNIX. For this reason, the hacker culture today is pretty strongly UNIX-centered. There are many types of UNIX-like operating systems, the most popular being Linux, which you can run alongside Microsoft Windows on the same machine. Download Linux online or find a local Linux user group to help you with installation.\\nA good way to dip your toes in the water is to boot up a device called a live USB or CD, a distribution that runs entirely off a CD or USB without modifying your hard disk. A way to get a look at the possibilities without having to do anything drastic.\\nThere are other UNIX-like operating systems besides Linux, such as the *BSD systems. The most popular *BSD systems are FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and DragonFly BSD. All are open source just like Linux. However, it's important to remember that they are BSD and not Linux.\\nMacOS on Darwin, a UNIX operating system that's on FreeBSD. Darwin is fully free and open source and is available from http://opensource.apple.com. Because the core of the system is UNIX, and MacOS is very popular, many people have ported over Linux applications to MacOS. You can get those programs with a package manager like homebrew, fink or MacPorts. Alternatively, you can just run Linux on a Mac alongside macOS.\\nIf you want to get super niche, you can even run an operating system like Open Indiana, which is based on the open source release of the Solaris operating system before it was acquired by Oracle and made closed source. OpenIndiana and Solaris made on UNIX System V, and, as such, are not compatible with Linux applications. That said, there are many ports of Linux applications. You're probably better off just using MacOS, BSD or Linux because they are much more popular and have many more programs available for them.\\n1-2. Write HTML\\nIf you don't know how to program, learning basic HyperText Mark-Up Language (HTML) and gradually building proficiency is essential. What you see when you look at a website of pictures, images, and design components is all coded using HTML. For a project, set out to learn how to make a basic home page and work your way up from there.\\nIn your browser, open the page source information to examine the HTML to see an example. Go to Web Developer > Page Source in Firefox and spend time looking at the code.\\nYou can write HTML in a basic word processing program like Notepad or Simple text and save your files as \\\"yourCoolFileName\\\" so you can upload them to a browser and see your work translated.\\n1-3. Learn the language of programming\\nBefore you start writing poems, you have to learn basic grammar. Before you break the rules, you have to learn the rules. But if your ultimate goal is to become a hacker, you're going to need more than basic English to write your masterpiece.\\n\\nPython is a good \\\"language\\\" to start off with because it's cleanly designed, well documented, and relatively kind to beginners. Despite being a good first language, it is not just a toy; it is compelling, flexible, and well-suited for large projects.\\nIf you get into serious programming, you will have to learn Java is an alternative, but its value as a first programming language has been currently questioned in its particular state.\\nUnlike Java, Javascript is very similar to Python as they are both a C-based language and extremely new user-friendly. Javascript is \\\"the programming language of the web,\\\" so If you'd like to continue your learning in web development/hacking, Javascript is better to learn than Python.\\nAn alternative to JavaScript would be PHP C, the core language of Unix. C++ is very closely related to C; if you know one, learning the other will not be difficult. C is very efficient with your machine's resources but will soak up huge amounts of your time on debugging and is often avoided for that reason, unless the efficiency of your computer is especially important.\\nIt is probably a good idea to use a good starting platform such as Backtrack 5 R3, Kali or Ubuntu 12.04LTS.\\n2. Adopting Hacking Attitudes\\n2-1. Think creatively.\\nNow that you've got the basic skills in place, you can start thinking artistically. Hackers are like artists, philosophers, and engineers all rolled up into one. They believe in freedom and mutual responsibility. The world is full of fascinating problems waiting to be solved. Hackers take a special delight in solving problems, sharpening their skills, and exercising their intelligence.\\nHackers have a diversity of interests culturally and intellectually, outside of hacking. Work as intensely as you play, and play as intensely as you work. For true hackers, the boundaries between \\\"play,\\\" \\\"work,\\\" \\\"science,\\\" and \\\"art\\\" all tend to disappear or to merge into a high-level creative playfulness.\\nRead science fiction. Go to science fiction conventions, which is a great way to meet hackers and proto-hackers.\\nConsider training in a martial art. The kind of mental discipline required for martial arts seems to be similar in important ways to what hackers do. The most hacker-ly martial arts are those which emphasize mental discipline, relaxed awareness, and control, rather than raw strength, athleticism, or physical toughness. Tai Chi is a good martial art for hackers.\\n2-2. Learn to love solving problems.\\nNo problem should ever have to be solved twice. Think of it as a community in which the time of everyone is hackers is precious. Hackers believe sharing information is a moral responsibility. When you solve problems, make the information public to help everyone solve the same issue.\\nYou don't have to believe that you're obligated to give all your creative product away, though the hackers that do are the ones that get the most respect from other hackers. It's consistent with hacker values to sell enough of it to keep you in food and rent and computers.\\nRead older pieces, such as the \\\"Jargon File\\\" or \\\"Hacker Manifesto\\\" by The Mentor. They may be out of date regarding technical issues, but the attitude and spirit are just as timely.\\n2-3. Learn to recognize and fight authority.\\nThe enemy of the hacker is boredom, drudgery, and authoritarian figures who use censorship and secrecy to strangle the freedom of information. Monotonous work keeps the hacker from hacking.\\nEmbracing hacking as a way of life is to reject so-called \\\"normal\\\" concepts of work and property, choosing instead to fight for equality and common knowledge.\\n2-4. Be competent.\\nSo, anyone who spends time on Reddit can write up a ridiculous cyberpunk username and pose as a hacker. But the Internet is a great equalizer and values competence over ego and posture. Spend time working on your craft and not your image, and you'll more quickly gain respect than modeling yourself on the superficial things we think of \\\"hacking\\\" in popular culture.\\n3. Hacking Well\\n3-1. Write open-source software.\\nWrite programs that other hackers think are fun or useful, and give the program sources away to the whole hacker culture to use. Hackerdom's most revered demigods are people who have written large, capable programs that met a widespread need and given them away so that now everyone uses them.\\n3-2. Help test and debug open-source software.\\nAny open-source author who's thinking will tell you that good beta-testers (who know how to describe symptoms, localize problems well, can tolerate bugs in a quickie release, and are willing to apply a few simple diagnostic routines) are worth their weight in rubies.\\nTry to find a program under development that you're interested in and be a good beta-tester. There's a natural progression from helping test programs to helping debug them to helping modify them. You'll learn a lot this way, and generate goodwill with people who will help you later on.\\n3-3. Publish useful information.\\nAnother good thing is to collect and filter useful and interesting information into web pages or documents like Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) lists, and make those available. Maintainers of major technical FAQs get almost as much respect as open-source authors.\\n3-4. Help keeps the infrastructure working.\\nVolunteers run the hacker culture (and the engineering development of the Internet, for that matter). There's a lot of necessary but unglamorous work that needs to be done to keep it going — administering mailing lists, moderating newsgroups, maintaining large software archive sites, developing RFCs and other technical standards. People who do this sort of thing well get a lot of respect, because everybody knows these jobs are huge time sinks and not as much fun as playing with code. Doing them shows dedication.\\n3-5. Serve the hacker culture itself.\\nIt is not something you'll be positioned to do until you've been around for a while and become well-known for one of the four previous items. The hacker culture doesn't have leaders, exactly, but it does have culture heroes and tribal elders and historians and spokespeople. When you've been in the trenches long enough, you may grow into one of these. \\nHackers distrust blatant ego in their tribal elders, so visibly reaching for this kind of fame is dangerous. Rather than striving for it, you have to position yourself, so it drops in your lap, and then be modest and gracious about your status.\\nTips\\nSome companies pay for hackers to test their security. If you become good enough, this can be your job!\\nMake sure not to get caught, though what you plan to do could be illegal, it is recommended that you DO NOT engage in Black Hat hacking.\\nWrite your native language well. Though it's a common stereotype that programmers can't write, a surprising number of hackers are very able writers.\\nWarnings\\nBlack hat hacking (hacking for criminal purposes) is an illegal activity which can result in major penalties. It is a major offense and is punishable under the law.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You’ve got your sights set on the world of hacking—but where are you supposed to start? Don’t worry; a hacking career is well within your reach, even if you don’t come from a tech background. We’ve put together a handy, comprehensive guide that will help you learn some coding fundamentals, adopt a hacker attitude, and hone your new craft. In a matter of minutes, you'll be one step closer to reaching all of your hacking goals and dreams!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning Fundamentals\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Run a UNIX-like OS, such as Linux.\", \"描述\": \"UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems are the operating systems of the Internet. While you can learn to use the Internet without knowing UNIX, you can't be an Internet hacker without understanding UNIX. For this reason, the hacker culture today is pretty strongly UNIX-centered. There are many types of UNIX-like operating systems, the most popular being Linux, which you can run alongside Microsoft Windows on the same machine. Download Linux online or find a local Linux user group to help you with installation.\\nA good way to dip your toes in the water is to boot up a device called a live USB or CD, a distribution that runs entirely off a CD or USB without modifying your hard disk. A way to get a look at the possibilities without having to do anything drastic.\\nThere are other UNIX-like operating systems besides Linux, such as the *BSD systems. The most popular *BSD systems are FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and DragonFly BSD. All are open source just like Linux. However, it's important to remember that they are BSD and not Linux.\\nMacOS on Darwin, a UNIX operating system that's on FreeBSD. Darwin is fully free and open source and is available from http://opensource.apple.com. Because the core of the system is UNIX, and MacOS is very popular, many people have ported over Linux applications to MacOS. You can get those programs with a package manager like homebrew, fink or MacPorts. Alternatively, you can just run Linux on a Mac alongside macOS.\\nIf you want to get super niche, you can even run an operating system like Open Indiana, which is based on the open source release of the Solaris operating system before it was acquired by Oracle and made closed source. OpenIndiana and Solaris made on UNIX System V, and, as such, are not compatible with Linux applications. That said, there are many ports of Linux applications. You're probably better off just using MacOS, BSD or Linux because they are much more popular and have many more programs available for them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write HTML\", \"描述\": \"If you don't know how to program, learning basic HyperText Mark-Up Language (HTML) and gradually building proficiency is essential. What you see when you look at a website of pictures, images, and design components is all coded using HTML. For a project, set out to learn how to make a basic home page and work your way up from there.\\nIn your browser, open the page source information to examine the HTML to see an example. Go to Web Developer > Page Source in Firefox and spend time looking at the code.\\nYou can write HTML in a basic word processing program like Notepad or Simple text and save your files as \\\"yourCoolFileName\\\" so you can upload them to a browser and see your work translated.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn the language of programming\", \"描述\": \"Before you start writing poems, you have to learn basic grammar. Before you break the rules, you have to learn the rules. But if your ultimate goal is to become a hacker, you're going to need more than basic English to write your masterpiece.\\n\\nPython is a good \\\"language\\\" to start off with because it's cleanly designed, well documented, and relatively kind to beginners. Despite being a good first language, it is not just a toy; it is compelling, flexible, and well-suited for large projects.\\nIf you get into serious programming, you will have to learn Java is an alternative, but its value as a first programming language has been currently questioned in its particular state.\\nUnlike Java, Javascript is very similar to Python as they are both a C-based language and extremely new user-friendly. Javascript is \\\"the programming language of the web,\\\" so If you'd like to continue your learning in web development/hacking, Javascript is better to learn than Python.\\nAn alternative to JavaScript would be PHP C, the core language of Unix. C++ is very closely related to C; if you know one, learning the other will not be difficult. C is very efficient with your machine's resources but will soak up huge amounts of your time on debugging and is often avoided for that reason, unless the efficiency of your computer is especially important.\\nIt is probably a good idea to use a good starting platform such as Backtrack 5 R3, Kali or Ubuntu 12.04LTS.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Adopting Hacking Attitudes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Think creatively.\", \"描述\": \"Now that you've got the basic skills in place, you can start thinking artistically. Hackers are like artists, philosophers, and engineers all rolled up into one. They believe in freedom and mutual responsibility. The world is full of fascinating problems waiting to be solved. Hackers take a special delight in solving problems, sharpening their skills, and exercising their intelligence.\\nHackers have a diversity of interests culturally and intellectually, outside of hacking. Work as intensely as you play, and play as intensely as you work. For true hackers, the boundaries between \\\"play,\\\" \\\"work,\\\" \\\"science,\\\" and \\\"art\\\" all tend to disappear or to merge into a high-level creative playfulness.\\nRead science fiction. Go to science fiction conventions, which is a great way to meet hackers and proto-hackers.\\nConsider training in a martial art. The kind of mental discipline required for martial arts seems to be similar in important ways to what hackers do. The most hacker-ly martial arts are those which emphasize mental discipline, relaxed awareness, and control, rather than raw strength, athleticism, or physical toughness. Tai Chi is a good martial art for hackers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn to love solving problems.\", \"描述\": \"No problem should ever have to be solved twice. Think of it as a community in which the time of everyone is hackers is precious. Hackers believe sharing information is a moral responsibility. When you solve problems, make the information public to help everyone solve the same issue.\\nYou don't have to believe that you're obligated to give all your creative product away, though the hackers that do are the ones that get the most respect from other hackers. It's consistent with hacker values to sell enough of it to keep you in food and rent and computers.\\nRead older pieces, such as the \\\"Jargon File\\\" or \\\"Hacker Manifesto\\\" by The Mentor. They may be out of date regarding technical issues, but the attitude and spirit are just as timely.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn to recognize and fight authority.\", \"描述\": \"The enemy of the hacker is boredom, drudgery, and authoritarian figures who use censorship and secrecy to strangle the freedom of information. Monotonous work keeps the hacker from hacking.\\nEmbracing hacking as a way of life is to reject so-called \\\"normal\\\" concepts of work and property, choosing instead to fight for equality and common knowledge.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be competent.\", \"描述\": \"So, anyone who spends time on Reddit can write up a ridiculous cyberpunk username and pose as a hacker. But the Internet is a great equalizer and values competence over ego and posture. Spend time working on your craft and not your image, and you'll more quickly gain respect than modeling yourself on the superficial things we think of \\\"hacking\\\" in popular culture.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hacking Well\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write open-source software.\", \"描述\": \"Write programs that other hackers think are fun or useful, and give the program sources away to the whole hacker culture to use. Hackerdom's most revered demigods are people who have written large, capable programs that met a widespread need and given them away so that now everyone uses them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Help test and debug open-source software.\", \"描述\": \"Any open-source author who's thinking will tell you that good beta-testers (who know how to describe symptoms, localize problems well, can tolerate bugs in a quickie release, and are willing to apply a few simple diagnostic routines) are worth their weight in rubies.\\nTry to find a program under development that you're interested in and be a good beta-tester. There's a natural progression from helping test programs to helping debug them to helping modify them. You'll learn a lot this way, and generate goodwill with people who will help you later on.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Publish useful information.\", \"描述\": \"Another good thing is to collect and filter useful and interesting information into web pages or documents like Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) lists, and make those available. Maintainers of major technical FAQs get almost as much respect as open-source authors.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Help keeps the infrastructure working.\", \"描述\": \"Volunteers run the hacker culture (and the engineering development of the Internet, for that matter). There's a lot of necessary but unglamorous work that needs to be done to keep it going — administering mailing lists, moderating newsgroups, maintaining large software archive sites, developing RFCs and other technical standards. People who do this sort of thing well get a lot of respect, because everybody knows these jobs are huge time sinks and not as much fun as playing with code. Doing them shows dedication.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Serve the hacker culture itself.\", \"描述\": \"It is not something you'll be positioned to do until you've been around for a while and become well-known for one of the four previous items. The hacker culture doesn't have leaders, exactly, but it does have culture heroes and tribal elders and historians and spokespeople. When you've been in the trenches long enough, you may grow into one of these. \\nHackers distrust blatant ego in their tribal elders, so visibly reaching for this kind of fame is dangerous. Rather than striving for it, you have to position yourself, so it drops in your lap, and then be modest and gracious about your status.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Some companies pay for hackers to test their security. If you become good enough, this can be your job!\\n\", \"Make sure not to get caught, though what you plan to do could be illegal, it is recommended that you DO NOT engage in Black Hat hacking.\\n\", \"Write your native language well. Though it's a common stereotype that programmers can't write, a surprising number of hackers are very able writers.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Black hat hacking (hacking for criminal purposes) is an illegal activity which can result in major penalties. It is a major offense and is punishable under the law.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,432 |
How to Become a Hafiz
|
1. Steps
1-1. Choose a suitable time to learn.
Start memorizing your new lessons (also known as sabaq, i.e. a few lines or pages) after Fajr salah. Learning it in the morning is ideal, as you won't have any stress. Reading in the morning also allows you to revise your sabaq before you have to read it to your teacher, which is often in the evening. You should also read in the evening so that you become familiar with the next day's sabaq.
Study shows that studying before sleeping is helpful in remembering what you learnt after you wake up. Learn before sleeping, and there is chance that you will remember the lesson better when you wake up.
Even if you have a bunch of homework/work to do, if you decide to revise even just a few ayahs, Allah(SWT) will make it easier to complete your work.
1-2. Everyday, read the new lesson (sabaq).
You should also read your old lessons, known as manzil or dohr. These are often the past five to seven sabaq's you read. This is done so that you don't forget your old sabaq, as there's no point moving forward if you forget everything else you learnt.
1-3. Push yourself.
Everyday, you should also read a complete juz (part) of the Qur'an that you've previously learnt. This is similar to your manzil or dohr, but instead of revising a couple of pages, you're revising a full part. Some students opt to do this once a week (such as on Fridays), as it's a time-consuming task.
1-4. Try to learn Arabic.
This is the language of the Qur'an. It's better to read the Qur'an and understand it, since you will learn about what you are reading, how to act as a muslim, what humans will face on the Day of Judgement, etc. Some people find that understanding certain Arabic words can help them remember what comes next when reading it from memory.
1-5. Start from the end of the Qur'an.
The ending of the Qur'an, also known as Juz Amma, is the easiest part, as most of the surahs (chapters) are short. You should try to learn one chapter a day, starting from chapter 114 (Surah Naas). Because these are short surahs, you should make even more of an effort to learn the meaning, which shouldn't be too hard.
However, if this pressurizes you, then learn the whole of Quran once and take a diverse course to understand it's translation.
1-6. Find learning techniques.
For example, repeat the verse looking at the Qur'an until you know it, then repeat it without looking a couple of times.
Keep on reviewing your sabaq so that you don't forget it. If you feel comfortable, move on to another part.
If you want to go further, learn a few more lines or another page. However, don't push yourself too far. Learn how much is just right for you.
1-7. Stay in a quiet room.
This will maintain your focus. You can try to listen to recitations of the Qur'an. Put it on loop mode to get the verse into your head, then try to follow along. Some find this distracting, so see what works for you.
1-8. Read your sabaq to someone.
It's no fun doing hifz on your own when nobody has no interest. Ask one of your parents to test you on your lesson. Make sure they're able to read and have wudu before giving them the Qur'an. When you have finished memorizing, read it to someone else, preferably, a sheik, and do it on daily basis.
1-9. Always ask for Allah's help.
Regularly make du'a to help you with your memorization. Have patience and willpower. If you think you can't do anymore, don't give up and forget all about it. It's obligatory for anyone who has memorized the Qur'an to remember what they have memorized, whether it is a page or the full Qur'an.
Tips
Start with the 30th juz (part). Then, when you are done, choose between moving on to the 29th juz or the 1st juz.[3]
X
Research source
If you start forgetting what you have memorized, then stop memorizing more for a while and concentrate on reviewing.
Try devoting your whole time to Hifz except breaks for meals and sleeping. This can make you Hafiz in as less time as an year.
Warnings
If you recite the Qur'an without proper pronunciation, the verses will get translated improperly.
Always look for a well-trained scholar who is also well trained in the recitation of the Qur'an.
It's a zulm, or sin to memorize and forget, so once it's done, try not to forget it.
Always ask Allah(SWT) for protection againist Shaitan, or Iblis, for you don't want him to be reading the Qur'an with you
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Choose a suitable time to learn.\\nStart memorizing your new lessons (also known as sabaq, i.e. a few lines or pages) after Fajr salah. Learning it in the morning is ideal, as you won't have any stress. Reading in the morning also allows you to revise your sabaq before you have to read it to your teacher, which is often in the evening. You should also read in the evening so that you become familiar with the next day's sabaq.\\nStudy shows that studying before sleeping is helpful in remembering what you learnt after you wake up. Learn before sleeping, and there is chance that you will remember the lesson better when you wake up.\\nEven if you have a bunch of homework/work to do, if you decide to revise even just a few ayahs, Allah(SWT) will make it easier to complete your work.\\n1-2. Everyday, read the new lesson (sabaq).\\nYou should also read your old lessons, known as manzil or dohr. These are often the past five to seven sabaq's you read. This is done so that you don't forget your old sabaq, as there's no point moving forward if you forget everything else you learnt.\\n1-3. Push yourself.\\nEveryday, you should also read a complete juz (part) of the Qur'an that you've previously learnt. This is similar to your manzil or dohr, but instead of revising a couple of pages, you're revising a full part. Some students opt to do this once a week (such as on Fridays), as it's a time-consuming task.\\n1-4. Try to learn Arabic.\\nThis is the language of the Qur'an. It's better to read the Qur'an and understand it, since you will learn about what you are reading, how to act as a muslim, what humans will face on the Day of Judgement, etc. Some people find that understanding certain Arabic words can help them remember what comes next when reading it from memory.\\n1-5. Start from the end of the Qur'an.\\nThe ending of the Qur'an, also known as Juz Amma, is the easiest part, as most of the surahs (chapters) are short. You should try to learn one chapter a day, starting from chapter 114 (Surah Naas). Because these are short surahs, you should make even more of an effort to learn the meaning, which shouldn't be too hard.\\nHowever, if this pressurizes you, then learn the whole of Quran once and take a diverse course to understand it's translation.\\n1-6. Find learning techniques.\\nFor example, repeat the verse looking at the Qur'an until you know it, then repeat it without looking a couple of times.\\nKeep on reviewing your sabaq so that you don't forget it. If you feel comfortable, move on to another part.\\nIf you want to go further, learn a few more lines or another page. However, don't push yourself too far. Learn how much is just right for you.\\n1-7. Stay in a quiet room.\\nThis will maintain your focus. You can try to listen to recitations of the Qur'an. Put it on loop mode to get the verse into your head, then try to follow along. Some find this distracting, so see what works for you.\\n1-8. Read your sabaq to someone.\\nIt's no fun doing hifz on your own when nobody has no interest. Ask one of your parents to test you on your lesson. Make sure they're able to read and have wudu before giving them the Qur'an. When you have finished memorizing, read it to someone else, preferably, a sheik, and do it on daily basis.\\n1-9. Always ask for Allah's help.\\nRegularly make du'a to help you with your memorization. Have patience and willpower. If you think you can't do anymore, don't give up and forget all about it. It's obligatory for anyone who has memorized the Qur'an to remember what they have memorized, whether it is a page or the full Qur'an.\\nTips\\nStart with the 30th juz (part). Then, when you are done, choose between moving on to the 29th juz or the 1st juz.[3]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you start forgetting what you have memorized, then stop memorizing more for a while and concentrate on reviewing.\\nTry devoting your whole time to Hifz except breaks for meals and sleeping. This can make you Hafiz in as less time as an year.\\nWarnings\\nIf you recite the Qur'an without proper pronunciation, the verses will get translated improperly.\\nAlways look for a well-trained scholar who is also well trained in the recitation of the Qur'an.\\nIt's a zulm, or sin to memorize and forget, so once it's done, try not to forget it.\\nAlways ask Allah(SWT) for protection againist Shaitan, or Iblis, for you don't want him to be reading the Qur'an with you\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A hafiz (the keeper or guard against forgetting) is a person who has memorized all of the Holy Qur'an and can recite it from memory. Memorizing the Qur'an is a very virtuous deed that has many rewards. Anyone can become a hafiz, but the younger one starts, the easier it is for them to learn, and the better.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a suitable time to learn.\", \"描述\": \"Start memorizing your new lessons (also known as sabaq, i.e. a few lines or pages) after Fajr salah. Learning it in the morning is ideal, as you won't have any stress. Reading in the morning also allows you to revise your sabaq before you have to read it to your teacher, which is often in the evening. You should also read in the evening so that you become familiar with the next day's sabaq.\\nStudy shows that studying before sleeping is helpful in remembering what you learnt after you wake up. Learn before sleeping, and there is chance that you will remember the lesson better when you wake up.\\nEven if you have a bunch of homework/work to do, if you decide to revise even just a few ayahs, Allah(SWT) will make it easier to complete your work.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Everyday, read the new lesson (sabaq).\", \"描述\": \"You should also read your old lessons, known as manzil or dohr. These are often the past five to seven sabaq's you read. This is done so that you don't forget your old sabaq, as there's no point moving forward if you forget everything else you learnt.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Push yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Everyday, you should also read a complete juz (part) of the Qur'an that you've previously learnt. This is similar to your manzil or dohr, but instead of revising a couple of pages, you're revising a full part. Some students opt to do this once a week (such as on Fridays), as it's a time-consuming task.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try to learn Arabic.\", \"描述\": \"This is the language of the Qur'an. It's better to read the Qur'an and understand it, since you will learn about what you are reading, how to act as a muslim, what humans will face on the Day of Judgement, etc. Some people find that understanding certain Arabic words can help them remember what comes next when reading it from memory.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Start from the end of the Qur'an.\", \"描述\": \"The ending of the Qur'an, also known as Juz Amma, is the easiest part, as most of the surahs (chapters) are short. You should try to learn one chapter a day, starting from chapter 114 (Surah Naas). Because these are short surahs, you should make even more of an effort to learn the meaning, which shouldn't be too hard.\\nHowever, if this pressurizes you, then learn the whole of Quran once and take a diverse course to understand it's translation.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Find learning techniques.\", \"描述\": \"For example, repeat the verse looking at the Qur'an until you know it, then repeat it without looking a couple of times.\\nKeep on reviewing your sabaq so that you don't forget it. If you feel comfortable, move on to another part.\\nIf you want to go further, learn a few more lines or another page. However, don't push yourself too far. Learn how much is just right for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Stay in a quiet room.\", \"描述\": \"This will maintain your focus. You can try to listen to recitations of the Qur'an. Put it on loop mode to get the verse into your head, then try to follow along. Some find this distracting, so see what works for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Read your sabaq to someone.\", \"描述\": \"It's no fun doing hifz on your own when nobody has no interest. Ask one of your parents to test you on your lesson. Make sure they're able to read and have wudu before giving them the Qur'an. When you have finished memorizing, read it to someone else, preferably, a sheik, and do it on daily basis.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Always ask for Allah's help.\", \"描述\": \"Regularly make du'a to help you with your memorization. Have patience and willpower. If you think you can't do anymore, don't give up and forget all about it. It's obligatory for anyone who has memorized the Qur'an to remember what they have memorized, whether it is a page or the full Qur'an.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Start with the 30th juz (part). Then, when you are done, choose between moving on to the 29th juz or the 1st juz.[3]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you start forgetting what you have memorized, then stop memorizing more for a while and concentrate on reviewing.\\n\", \"Try devoting your whole time to Hifz except breaks for meals and sleeping. This can make you Hafiz in as less time as an year.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you recite the Qur'an without proper pronunciation, the verses will get translated improperly.\\n\", \"Always look for a well-trained scholar who is also well trained in the recitation of the Qur'an.\\n\", \"It's a zulm, or sin to memorize and forget, so once it's done, try not to forget it.\\n\", \"Always ask Allah(SWT) for protection againist Shaitan, or Iblis, for you don't want him to be reading the Qur'an with you\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,433 |
How to Become a Hair Care Product Distributor
|
1. Steps
1-1. Locate a hair product company whose products you want to sell.
Look for a hair care product line that you will be able to sell to the type of consumers you market to and have access to. Contact that company and ask for a distribution agreement.
1-2. Read over and sign the agreement the hair care product company sends to you.
The agreement will state that you have permission to legally distribute their goods and will act as a permit for you to sell their products.
1-3. Ask the hair care company if they have any online or live training sessions to educate their distributors on the products.
Many companies do offer this as it will provide the distributors with the knowledge needed to educate consumers on the product and promote sales.
1-4. Choose a location where you can effectively sell and market the products.
This may be a shop, hair salon, online site or even from your own home, sometimes companies will ask you about your marketing and selling intentions prior to sending you a distribution agreement, so you need to have a plan for selling the products in place.
1-5. Develop some type of business plan.
Keep track of any start up costs involved with distributing these hair care products, even if you already have a fully operating business. In your plan make sure to write out and identify ways of reaching the target market for the products and marketing and selling the line that you're distributing.
1-6. Determine a plan of displaying and promoting the products you want to sell.
Ask the company for marketing and display materials, many larger hair care product companies will provide their authorized sellers with special displays and informational packets to help promote the products. These types of promotional products will also let consumers know that you are an authorized seller of that hair care product line.
1-7. Advertise the fact that you are a legal hair care distributor.
Many hair care product companies let consumers know that their products are only guaranteed to work if they are purchased by an authorized dealer, so it is important that your consumers know you are authorized.
1-8. Stick with it when trying to be successful at hair product distribution.
The industry can be very lucrative but it may take some time for many people to really break into the industry and become successful.
Tips
Prior to determining if you are going to sell a specific type of hair care product, call them to make sure they don't an exclusivity clause for their distributors. Some companies will only allow individuals to distribute their products if they only sell their product line or if they agree not to sell certain competitor's products in their stores. It's important to know this prior to signing any agreements.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Locate a hair product company whose products you want to sell.\\nLook for a hair care product line that you will be able to sell to the type of consumers you market to and have access to. Contact that company and ask for a distribution agreement.\\n1-2. Read over and sign the agreement the hair care product company sends to you.\\nThe agreement will state that you have permission to legally distribute their goods and will act as a permit for you to sell their products.\\n1-3. Ask the hair care company if they have any online or live training sessions to educate their distributors on the products.\\nMany companies do offer this as it will provide the distributors with the knowledge needed to educate consumers on the product and promote sales.\\n1-4. Choose a location where you can effectively sell and market the products.\\nThis may be a shop, hair salon, online site or even from your own home, sometimes companies will ask you about your marketing and selling intentions prior to sending you a distribution agreement, so you need to have a plan for selling the products in place.\\n1-5. Develop some type of business plan.\\nKeep track of any start up costs involved with distributing these hair care products, even if you already have a fully operating business. In your plan make sure to write out and identify ways of reaching the target market for the products and marketing and selling the line that you're distributing.\\n1-6. Determine a plan of displaying and promoting the products you want to sell.\\nAsk the company for marketing and display materials, many larger hair care product companies will provide their authorized sellers with special displays and informational packets to help promote the products. These types of promotional products will also let consumers know that you are an authorized seller of that hair care product line.\\n1-7. Advertise the fact that you are a legal hair care distributor.\\nMany hair care product companies let consumers know that their products are only guaranteed to work if they are purchased by an authorized dealer, so it is important that your consumers know you are authorized.\\n1-8. Stick with it when trying to be successful at hair product distribution.\\nThe industry can be very lucrative but it may take some time for many people to really break into the industry and become successful.\\nTips\\nPrior to determining if you are going to sell a specific type of hair care product, call them to make sure they don't an exclusivity clause for their distributors. Some companies will only allow individuals to distribute their products if they only sell their product line or if they agree not to sell certain competitor's products in their stores. It's important to know this prior to signing any agreements.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Hair care products make up a significant percentage of the beauty product industry. Many men and women find hair care products essential to maintaining the look and feel of their hairstyle. Making the decision to take part in this market can be a profitable decision for many individuals. There are several steps one must take to be a hair care product distributor, including a legal agreement between you and the wholesale distribution company.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Locate a hair product company whose products you want to sell.\", \"描述\": \"Look for a hair care product line that you will be able to sell to the type of consumers you market to and have access to. Contact that company and ask for a distribution agreement.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Read over and sign the agreement the hair care product company sends to you.\", \"描述\": \"The agreement will state that you have permission to legally distribute their goods and will act as a permit for you to sell their products.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask the hair care company if they have any online or live training sessions to educate their distributors on the products.\", \"描述\": \"Many companies do offer this as it will provide the distributors with the knowledge needed to educate consumers on the product and promote sales.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Choose a location where you can effectively sell and market the products.\", \"描述\": \"This may be a shop, hair salon, online site or even from your own home, sometimes companies will ask you about your marketing and selling intentions prior to sending you a distribution agreement, so you need to have a plan for selling the products in place.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Develop some type of business plan.\", \"描述\": \"Keep track of any start up costs involved with distributing these hair care products, even if you already have a fully operating business. In your plan make sure to write out and identify ways of reaching the target market for the products and marketing and selling the line that you're distributing.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Determine a plan of displaying and promoting the products you want to sell.\", \"描述\": \"Ask the company for marketing and display materials, many larger hair care product companies will provide their authorized sellers with special displays and informational packets to help promote the products. These types of promotional products will also let consumers know that you are an authorized seller of that hair care product line.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Advertise the fact that you are a legal hair care distributor.\", \"描述\": \"Many hair care product companies let consumers know that their products are only guaranteed to work if they are purchased by an authorized dealer, so it is important that your consumers know you are authorized.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Stick with it when trying to be successful at hair product distribution.\", \"描述\": \"The industry can be very lucrative but it may take some time for many people to really break into the industry and become successful.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Prior to determining if you are going to sell a specific type of hair care product, call them to make sure they don't an exclusivity clause for their distributors. Some companies will only allow individuals to distribute their products if they only sell their product line or if they agree not to sell certain competitor's products in their stores. It's important to know this prior to signing any agreements.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,434 |
How to Become a Hand Model
|
1. Meeting the Requirements
1-1. Have camera-ready hands.
Are your fingers long, your hands narrow? Do you have perfect cuticles and nicely-shaped nails? Small knuckles? Those are wonderful signs that you have good looking hands. Make sure you have a smooth, even complexion. Don't assume makeup will, well, make up for your imperfections. Birthmarks, freckles, moles, scars, crooked fingers, and irregularly shaped nails will severely limit your progress as a hand model. Pay special attention to your thumb; it'll play a huge role in many hand shots, so it needs to be good-looking. Here are some other things to consider:
Inspect the back of your hand. If you're a woman, it needs to be narrow.
Though women are more often hand models than men, men can be hand models too. Just make sure you don't have hairy knuckles.
Don't get discouraged, though. There are a number of different types of hand modeling looks such as beauty, mommy, product, and older hands.
1-2. Have steady hands.
This is just as important as having nice-looking hands. Can you hold an object for an extended period of time without leaning on anything and without shaking? Any movement will translate into blurry pictures, so if you find that you can't keep your hands steady, modeling might not be the best use for them.
Shooting TV commercials or ads for your hands can take several hours. A 30 second spot can take upwards of 12 hours to shoot and you have to be ready at all times and prepared to do take after take of small actions.
1-3. Have patience.
If you want to be a hand model, then you have to prepare to hold your hands in the exact same position for hours on end. This means that you have to deal well with boredom and have really, really steady hands. If you're addicted to caffeine or chocolate, you may have to curb your addiction, because these things will only make your hands shake more. You can even practice holding your hands steady for long periods of time so you'll be more comfortable when the time comes.
Patience and the ability to always hit your mark can be the most important thing. Once the camera and lights are set, you have to be able to set the product down in the exact same place over and over.
2. Getting Hired
2-1. Create a portfolio.
If you have the money to spare for a portfolio for your hands, then find a photographer you trust to get you started. If you find a photographer who is just starting out too, then they may work with you for a small price, or no price at all, since you'll be helping them build their portfolio too. Make sure you get a professional manicure before you take those photos. Here are some other things to consider as you put your portfolio together:
Learn common hand poses. Study magazine ads and commercials to see how hands pose and move. Mimic those poses and movements for your portfolio.
Include at least one photo showing your face so that if they need a shot that includes someone's face, they'll consider you (and also so they can recognize you when they meet you).
Include a straight on shot of the back of your hands and the palms of your hands.
2-2. Send your portfolio to reputable modeling agencies.
Tell them that your are specifically interested in hand modeling and request an interview. Some agencies may have a separate department for hand modeling, or some agencies will be parts agencies specifically. Tell them that you have a portfolio and if they ask whether it's professional, be honest but specify that they simulate professional ads. Be politely persistent until you get an interview.
2-3. Sign with an agent.
If an agent thinks your hands have the look they want, then congratulations! You have made it through a tough hurdle on the hand modeling trajectory. Once you've got the offer from the agent, however, you have to make sure that it's the right for you. First of all, the agent has to be legitimate. A legitimate agent won't charge for money up front and will only get paid if you get paid. Agents typically receive a percentage of your pay, so they are motivated to find you work. Make sure to meet the agent or speak to them at length before you make a decision.
Look good for the meeting with the agent. Even though you're modeling your hands, you still want to give off a professional impression, and that means looking neat and nice. They might send you out on calls (more interviews) eventually, and they'll want you to represent them well. If all goes well, they'll send you to do test shots with a local photographer to see if you've got what it takes.
Once you've met with the agent and have gotten a positive vibe from them, as well as proof of the agent's legitimacy (names and samples of the work of other clients, for example), then carefully study the contract you are given and sign it when you're ready.
2-4. Go to go-sees to find work.
Once you've signed with the agent, they will provide you with some places to go to look for work. These are called go-sees, just like in the world of traditional modeling. You will have to go from place to place, show off your hands, and see if you've got what they're looking for. Your agent won't be able to say, "Hey, I found you a great gig" -- they can get you to the gig, but you'll still have to work for it.
Once you've found some work, you'll be able to add it to your resume. And the more experience you have, the more luck you'll have in future go-sees.
Be persistent. You may have to go to a number of go-sees before you find work. But if your agent thinks you've got the look, then you should be able to find work eventually.
3. Succeeding in Your Career
3-1. Take incredible care of your hands.
If you think your hands have got what it takes, treat them like assets. You should be careful not to do anything that could damage your hands, from cutting vegetables to handling a bouquet of thorny roses. Here are some things you may have to do on a regular basis:
Visit a manicurist to make your hands look their best. If you become really prominent in your field, you'll be getting regular manicures for free before your shoots. And you'll be able to expense any manicures you get on your own. Sound good?
Have a proper diet and drink enough water so your skin is healthy. Also, some vitamin imbalances can show up as undesirable white spots on your nails.
Moisturize your hands on a regular basis. Some hand models even sleep with gloves on at night. You can apply lotion and then wear latex gloves to make your hands extra soft.
Keep your nails trimmed and clean. Ideally, you should always file them and never clip them.
Avoid scratching, burning, or creating any marks on your hands.
3-2. Keep your day job (at least at first).
Sure, if you're a top hand model, you'll be making enough to live on, but most hand models do the work to supplement their income, or even for the fun experience. Be prepared to have an additional income as you grow more prominent in your hand-modeling career. Don't be discouraged by this; it's simply a reality of this job and all other modeling jobs.
3-3. Move to a big media city.
You don't have to move to New York to be a hand model. But if you're really serious about the work you do, then you should move to a big media city to have an edge. You shouldn't drop everything and move hundreds of miles away to a big city before you even take your portfolio shots, but if you've already gotten some gigs and want more opportunities to grow in your career, then consider moving to one of the following cities: New York, Los Angeles, Boston, Atlanta, San Francisco, or Chicago.
3-4. Treat any object you hold like it's made of crystal.
Even if you're holding a book or a cutting board, you should treat it like it's the most delicate object in the world if you want to succeed. You should treat every item gingerly and with the utmost caution. This will make the object look even more desirable and special in the photographs or advertisements. If you grip anything too hard, then your hands won't look as delicate, either.
3-5. Prepare to be a contortionist.
Don't think that all of hand modeling requires you to just hold a purse or another simple object. You may have to hold a book open for hours, or even lie on your back holding a camera for a long stretch of time. You should be flexible and be prepared to hold your hands in unusual positions for a number of hours. This may get exhausting and will require you to have both mental and physical strength, but it will lead to some unbelievable photos.
3-6. Enjoy the perks.
If you've really made it as a hand model, then the perks of the job are endless. You may end up being a hand double for a celebrity, for example; Julia Roberts used a hand double during The Pelican Brief because she simply didn't have time to shoot a scene with just her hands. This will lead you to meet celebrities, directors, and other interesting people.
Kimbra Hickey, the hand model for the world-famous Twilight cover, has become famous in her own right. She tours with Twilight conventions, re-creates her cover pose for fans, and signs thousands of autographs. Though this type of fame is hard to come by, if you're lucky enough to find yourself in this position, live it up!
Tips
Be sure to keep your hands decent and to keep them filed and clean.
If it turns out that you are not fit to be a hand model, consider the other modeling niches. Learning how to become a model begins with knowing where you fit in best.
Don't over-moisturize, it makes your hands looks greasy and can be a big turn-off to potential employers.
Warnings
Don't get discouraged if you are told you don't "fit the bill".
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:54:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Requirements\\n1-1. Have camera-ready hands.\\nAre your fingers long, your hands narrow? Do you have perfect cuticles and nicely-shaped nails? Small knuckles? Those are wonderful signs that you have good looking hands. Make sure you have a smooth, even complexion. Don't assume makeup will, well, make up for your imperfections. Birthmarks, freckles, moles, scars, crooked fingers, and irregularly shaped nails will severely limit your progress as a hand model. Pay special attention to your thumb; it'll play a huge role in many hand shots, so it needs to be good-looking. Here are some other things to consider:\\nInspect the back of your hand. If you're a woman, it needs to be narrow.\\nThough women are more often hand models than men, men can be hand models too. Just make sure you don't have hairy knuckles.\\nDon't get discouraged, though. There are a number of different types of hand modeling looks such as beauty, mommy, product, and older hands.\\n1-2. Have steady hands.\\nThis is just as important as having nice-looking hands. Can you hold an object for an extended period of time without leaning on anything and without shaking? Any movement will translate into blurry pictures, so if you find that you can't keep your hands steady, modeling might not be the best use for them.\\nShooting TV commercials or ads for your hands can take several hours. A 30 second spot can take upwards of 12 hours to shoot and you have to be ready at all times and prepared to do take after take of small actions.\\n1-3. Have patience.\\nIf you want to be a hand model, then you have to prepare to hold your hands in the exact same position for hours on end. This means that you have to deal well with boredom and have really, really steady hands. If you're addicted to caffeine or chocolate, you may have to curb your addiction, because these things will only make your hands shake more. You can even practice holding your hands steady for long periods of time so you'll be more comfortable when the time comes.\\nPatience and the ability to always hit your mark can be the most important thing. Once the camera and lights are set, you have to be able to set the product down in the exact same place over and over.\\n2. Getting Hired\\n2-1. Create a portfolio.\\nIf you have the money to spare for a portfolio for your hands, then find a photographer you trust to get you started. If you find a photographer who is just starting out too, then they may work with you for a small price, or no price at all, since you'll be helping them build their portfolio too. Make sure you get a professional manicure before you take those photos. Here are some other things to consider as you put your portfolio together:\\nLearn common hand poses. Study magazine ads and commercials to see how hands pose and move. Mimic those poses and movements for your portfolio.\\nInclude at least one photo showing your face so that if they need a shot that includes someone's face, they'll consider you (and also so they can recognize you when they meet you).\\nInclude a straight on shot of the back of your hands and the palms of your hands.\\n2-2. Send your portfolio to reputable modeling agencies.\\nTell them that your are specifically interested in hand modeling and request an interview. Some agencies may have a separate department for hand modeling, or some agencies will be parts agencies specifically. Tell them that you have a portfolio and if they ask whether it's professional, be honest but specify that they simulate professional ads. Be politely persistent until you get an interview.\\n2-3. Sign with an agent.\\nIf an agent thinks your hands have the look they want, then congratulations! You have made it through a tough hurdle on the hand modeling trajectory. Once you've got the offer from the agent, however, you have to make sure that it's the right for you. First of all, the agent has to be legitimate. A legitimate agent won't charge for money up front and will only get paid if you get paid. Agents typically receive a percentage of your pay, so they are motivated to find you work. Make sure to meet the agent or speak to them at length before you make a decision.\\n\\nLook good for the meeting with the agent. Even though you're modeling your hands, you still want to give off a professional impression, and that means looking neat and nice. They might send you out on calls (more interviews) eventually, and they'll want you to represent them well. If all goes well, they'll send you to do test shots with a local photographer to see if you've got what it takes.\\nOnce you've met with the agent and have gotten a positive vibe from them, as well as proof of the agent's legitimacy (names and samples of the work of other clients, for example), then carefully study the contract you are given and sign it when you're ready.\\n2-4. Go to go-sees to find work.\\nOnce you've signed with the agent, they will provide you with some places to go to look for work. These are called go-sees, just like in the world of traditional modeling. You will have to go from place to place, show off your hands, and see if you've got what they're looking for. Your agent won't be able to say, \\\"Hey, I found you a great gig\\\" -- they can get you to the gig, but you'll still have to work for it.\\nOnce you've found some work, you'll be able to add it to your resume. And the more experience you have, the more luck you'll have in future go-sees.\\nBe persistent. You may have to go to a number of go-sees before you find work. But if your agent thinks you've got the look, then you should be able to find work eventually.\\n3. Succeeding in Your Career\\n3-1. Take incredible care of your hands.\\nIf you think your hands have got what it takes, treat them like assets. You should be careful not to do anything that could damage your hands, from cutting vegetables to handling a bouquet of thorny roses. Here are some things you may have to do on a regular basis:\\nVisit a manicurist to make your hands look their best. If you become really prominent in your field, you'll be getting regular manicures for free before your shoots. And you'll be able to expense any manicures you get on your own. Sound good?\\nHave a proper diet and drink enough water so your skin is healthy. Also, some vitamin imbalances can show up as undesirable white spots on your nails.\\nMoisturize your hands on a regular basis. Some hand models even sleep with gloves on at night. You can apply lotion and then wear latex gloves to make your hands extra soft.\\nKeep your nails trimmed and clean. Ideally, you should always file them and never clip them.\\nAvoid scratching, burning, or creating any marks on your hands.\\n3-2. Keep your day job (at least at first).\\nSure, if you're a top hand model, you'll be making enough to live on, but most hand models do the work to supplement their income, or even for the fun experience. Be prepared to have an additional income as you grow more prominent in your hand-modeling career. Don't be discouraged by this; it's simply a reality of this job and all other modeling jobs.\\n3-3. Move to a big media city.\\nYou don't have to move to New York to be a hand model. But if you're really serious about the work you do, then you should move to a big media city to have an edge. You shouldn't drop everything and move hundreds of miles away to a big city before you even take your portfolio shots, but if you've already gotten some gigs and want more opportunities to grow in your career, then consider moving to one of the following cities: New York, Los Angeles, Boston, Atlanta, San Francisco, or Chicago.\\n3-4. Treat any object you hold like it's made of crystal.\\nEven if you're holding a book or a cutting board, you should treat it like it's the most delicate object in the world if you want to succeed. You should treat every item gingerly and with the utmost caution. This will make the object look even more desirable and special in the photographs or advertisements. If you grip anything too hard, then your hands won't look as delicate, either.\\n3-5. Prepare to be a contortionist.\\nDon't think that all of hand modeling requires you to just hold a purse or another simple object. You may have to hold a book open for hours, or even lie on your back holding a camera for a long stretch of time. You should be flexible and be prepared to hold your hands in unusual positions for a number of hours. This may get exhausting and will require you to have both mental and physical strength, but it will lead to some unbelievable photos.\\n3-6. Enjoy the perks.\\nIf you've really made it as a hand model, then the perks of the job are endless. You may end up being a hand double for a celebrity, for example; Julia Roberts used a hand double during The Pelican Brief because she simply didn't have time to shoot a scene with just her hands. This will lead you to meet celebrities, directors, and other interesting people.\\nKimbra Hickey, the hand model for the world-famous Twilight cover, has become famous in her own right. She tours with Twilight conventions, re-creates her cover pose for fans, and signs thousands of autographs. Though this type of fame is hard to come by, if you're lucky enough to find yourself in this position, live it up!\\nTips\\nBe sure to keep your hands decent and to keep them filed and clean.\\nIf it turns out that you are not fit to be a hand model, consider the other modeling niches. Learning how to become a model begins with knowing where you fit in best.\\nDon't over-moisturize, it makes your hands looks greasy and can be a big turn-off to potential employers.\\nWarnings\\nDon't get discouraged if you are told you don't \\\"fit the bill\\\".\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Have you ever been told you have elegant, photogenic hands? Being a hand model can be as gruelling and intense as being a traditional model, but if you have what it takes, then you may be ready to start an amazing career. If you think that being a hand model is within reach of your perfectly-manicured hands, then follow these steps.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have camera-ready hands.\", \"描述\": \"Are your fingers long, your hands narrow? Do you have perfect cuticles and nicely-shaped nails? Small knuckles? Those are wonderful signs that you have good looking hands. Make sure you have a smooth, even complexion. Don't assume makeup will, well, make up for your imperfections. Birthmarks, freckles, moles, scars, crooked fingers, and irregularly shaped nails will severely limit your progress as a hand model. Pay special attention to your thumb; it'll play a huge role in many hand shots, so it needs to be good-looking. Here are some other things to consider:\\nInspect the back of your hand. If you're a woman, it needs to be narrow.\\nThough women are more often hand models than men, men can be hand models too. Just make sure you don't have hairy knuckles.\\nDon't get discouraged, though. There are a number of different types of hand modeling looks such as beauty, mommy, product, and older hands.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have steady hands.\", \"描述\": \"This is just as important as having nice-looking hands. Can you hold an object for an extended period of time without leaning on anything and without shaking? Any movement will translate into blurry pictures, so if you find that you can't keep your hands steady, modeling might not be the best use for them.\\nShooting TV commercials or ads for your hands can take several hours. A 30 second spot can take upwards of 12 hours to shoot and you have to be ready at all times and prepared to do take after take of small actions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have patience.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be a hand model, then you have to prepare to hold your hands in the exact same position for hours on end. This means that you have to deal well with boredom and have really, really steady hands. If you're addicted to caffeine or chocolate, you may have to curb your addiction, because these things will only make your hands shake more. You can even practice holding your hands steady for long periods of time so you'll be more comfortable when the time comes.\\nPatience and the ability to always hit your mark can be the most important thing. Once the camera and lights are set, you have to be able to set the product down in the exact same place over and over.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Hired\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a portfolio.\", \"描述\": \"If you have the money to spare for a portfolio for your hands, then find a photographer you trust to get you started. If you find a photographer who is just starting out too, then they may work with you for a small price, or no price at all, since you'll be helping them build their portfolio too. Make sure you get a professional manicure before you take those photos. Here are some other things to consider as you put your portfolio together:\\nLearn common hand poses. Study magazine ads and commercials to see how hands pose and move. Mimic those poses and movements for your portfolio.\\nInclude at least one photo showing your face so that if they need a shot that includes someone's face, they'll consider you (and also so they can recognize you when they meet you).\\nInclude a straight on shot of the back of your hands and the palms of your hands.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Send your portfolio to reputable modeling agencies.\", \"描述\": \"Tell them that your are specifically interested in hand modeling and request an interview. Some agencies may have a separate department for hand modeling, or some agencies will be parts agencies specifically. Tell them that you have a portfolio and if they ask whether it's professional, be honest but specify that they simulate professional ads. Be politely persistent until you get an interview.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sign with an agent.\", \"描述\": \"If an agent thinks your hands have the look they want, then congratulations! You have made it through a tough hurdle on the hand modeling trajectory. Once you've got the offer from the agent, however, you have to make sure that it's the right for you. First of all, the agent has to be legitimate. A legitimate agent won't charge for money up front and will only get paid if you get paid. Agents typically receive a percentage of your pay, so they are motivated to find you work. Make sure to meet the agent or speak to them at length before you make a decision.\\n\\nLook good for the meeting with the agent. Even though you're modeling your hands, you still want to give off a professional impression, and that means looking neat and nice. They might send you out on calls (more interviews) eventually, and they'll want you to represent them well. If all goes well, they'll send you to do test shots with a local photographer to see if you've got what it takes.\\nOnce you've met with the agent and have gotten a positive vibe from them, as well as proof of the agent's legitimacy (names and samples of the work of other clients, for example), then carefully study the contract you are given and sign it when you're ready.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Go to go-sees to find work.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've signed with the agent, they will provide you with some places to go to look for work. These are called go-sees, just like in the world of traditional modeling. You will have to go from place to place, show off your hands, and see if you've got what they're looking for. Your agent won't be able to say, \\\"Hey, I found you a great gig\\\" -- they can get you to the gig, but you'll still have to work for it.\\nOnce you've found some work, you'll be able to add it to your resume. And the more experience you have, the more luck you'll have in future go-sees.\\nBe persistent. You may have to go to a number of go-sees before you find work. But if your agent thinks you've got the look, then you should be able to find work eventually.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Succeeding in Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take incredible care of your hands.\", \"描述\": \"If you think your hands have got what it takes, treat them like assets. You should be careful not to do anything that could damage your hands, from cutting vegetables to handling a bouquet of thorny roses. Here are some things you may have to do on a regular basis:\\nVisit a manicurist to make your hands look their best. If you become really prominent in your field, you'll be getting regular manicures for free before your shoots. And you'll be able to expense any manicures you get on your own. Sound good?\\nHave a proper diet and drink enough water so your skin is healthy. Also, some vitamin imbalances can show up as undesirable white spots on your nails.\\nMoisturize your hands on a regular basis. Some hand models even sleep with gloves on at night. You can apply lotion and then wear latex gloves to make your hands extra soft.\\nKeep your nails trimmed and clean. Ideally, you should always file them and never clip them.\\nAvoid scratching, burning, or creating any marks on your hands.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Keep your day job (at least at first).\", \"描述\": \"Sure, if you're a top hand model, you'll be making enough to live on, but most hand models do the work to supplement their income, or even for the fun experience. Be prepared to have an additional income as you grow more prominent in your hand-modeling career. Don't be discouraged by this; it's simply a reality of this job and all other modeling jobs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Move to a big media city.\", \"描述\": \"You don't have to move to New York to be a hand model. But if you're really serious about the work you do, then you should move to a big media city to have an edge. You shouldn't drop everything and move hundreds of miles away to a big city before you even take your portfolio shots, but if you've already gotten some gigs and want more opportunities to grow in your career, then consider moving to one of the following cities: New York, Los Angeles, Boston, Atlanta, San Francisco, or Chicago.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Treat any object you hold like it's made of crystal.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you're holding a book or a cutting board, you should treat it like it's the most delicate object in the world if you want to succeed. You should treat every item gingerly and with the utmost caution. This will make the object look even more desirable and special in the photographs or advertisements. If you grip anything too hard, then your hands won't look as delicate, either.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Prepare to be a contortionist.\", \"描述\": \"Don't think that all of hand modeling requires you to just hold a purse or another simple object. You may have to hold a book open for hours, or even lie on your back holding a camera for a long stretch of time. You should be flexible and be prepared to hold your hands in unusual positions for a number of hours. This may get exhausting and will require you to have both mental and physical strength, but it will lead to some unbelievable photos.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Enjoy the perks.\", \"描述\": \"If you've really made it as a hand model, then the perks of the job are endless. You may end up being a hand double for a celebrity, for example; Julia Roberts used a hand double during The Pelican Brief because she simply didn't have time to shoot a scene with just her hands. This will lead you to meet celebrities, directors, and other interesting people.\\nKimbra Hickey, the hand model for the world-famous Twilight cover, has become famous in her own right. She tours with Twilight conventions, re-creates her cover pose for fans, and signs thousands of autographs. Though this type of fame is hard to come by, if you're lucky enough to find yourself in this position, live it up!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Be sure to keep your hands decent and to keep them filed and clean.\\n\", \"If it turns out that you are not fit to be a hand model, consider the other modeling niches. Learning how to become a model begins with knowing where you fit in best.\\n\", \"Don't over-moisturize, it makes your hands looks greasy and can be a big turn-off to potential employers.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Don't get discouraged if you are told you don't \\\"fit the bill\\\".\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,435 |
How to Become a Handbag Designer
|
1. Developing Your Skills
1-1. Work on your sewing and leatherworking skills.
While you’re starting out, make your own bags, even if this means you need to learn how to sew. Not only will this save you money, but it’ll also help you understand all the ins and outs of the creation process. This knowledge will be crucial as you start to pick manufacturers and sources for your materials.
Staying involved in the production process lets you be in control. What better way to make bags the way you want them to be made than to do it yourself?
Keep expanding your skill set as you continue designing. If you’re designing cloth bags, you may want to learn how to weave. You’ll also almost certainly need to know how to sew zippers into your bags.
1-2. Get a degree in fashion to make this your career.
If this is going to be your main money-making job, attend a two- or four-year fashion design program at an accredited school. When you begin pitching your ideas to stores and manufacturers, this could make the difference between a “yes” and a “no” for your designs.
These programs will teach you basic design, production, and art techniques. Some schools may also have courses in business and marketing that could be useful for you.
While you’re in the learning phase, you can also apply for internships with big-name handbag designers or other companies in the fashion industry.
Eventually, it would be helpful to find a mentor that can hopefully help guide you along your career path.
A fashion degree doesn’t guarantee success, and it’s not necessary if it’s out of your budget. It’s even more important to be passionate about your creative and unique designs!
1-3. Research fashion trends for inspiration.
As you set out on your design journey, it’s important to know what’s out there and what people like. Become an obsessive follower of fashion magazines and shows. Take note of popular colors, shapes, sizes, and styles to think about where your own bags would fit in the handbag world.
Ask your friends and family what they look for in a bag. See if they use multiple bags for different occasions.
1-4. Decide what sets your bags apart.
While you should have a good idea of what’s already popular, you want your stuff to be surprising. Think about what features you would most want in a handbag, and start from there. You’ll be most comfortable designing what makes you happy.
Maybe the whole reason you got into handbag design was because you couldn’t find the exact bag you wanted. If you’re struggling to find that perfect purse, you can bet other people are too.
2. Creating Prototypes and Samples
2-1. Create a concept board and sketches to map things out.
Whenever you see a picture of a bag, outfit, or something else that jumpstarts a designing brainstorm, pin it to a wall or bulletin board. Sit next to the board while you use pencil to make some rough sketches of a bag. You can then make the sketch more detailed with pen and colored pencils, or use a computer program to create a digital sketch.
Don’t underestimate the value of starting with pencil. Because pencil marks can be easily erased, this low-pressure tool will give you the freedom to draw and create without worrying about messing up.
2-2. Use cheaper materials for cost-effective prototypes.
Prototypes are early-stage products that allow you to make changes to bags before you mass-produce and sell them. Don’t spend too much creating these “scrap” bags. Save the big spending for the product you’re ready to share with corporate buyers and your devoted customers.
This may mean using synthetic leather instead of real leather. If you’ll be sewing on jeweled or fine-metal embellishments for the final product, use fake embellishments for the prototype.
2-3. Make careful revisions to perfect your bags.
You’ll only be able to do some of your editing on a sketchpad. The best part about prototypes is that they let you refine a concrete product. Be critical of the bag and ask yourself how it will make customers happy, and if there’s anything that could disappoint them.
Is this a fancier bag that will get scuffed up or damaged with lots of use? Is there a way to make it sturdier? Is it comfortable to carry? Does it fit all the essentials, including a phone, a wallet, and some makeup?
2-4. Find a manufacturer when you’re ready to mass-produce.
Manufacturers quickly produce lots of products using your exact specifications for design and material. They’ll create both prototypes and - even more exciting - samples.
Prototypes help you revise and fix your design, while samples get products ready for mass production. The samples allow you and the manufacturer to estimate the costs of production and pricing, to provide an example bag to give to marketers and buyers, and to have something to photograph.
Find a manufacturer by looking online. Start by searching for producers in your area, and expand your search depending on what you need from your manufacturer.
2-5. Price your product carefully.
You and your manufacturer will likely spend a lot of time discussing the costs of production and the best price to make a profit off your bag. While you’re having this conversation, do research online and in fashion magazines to compare your prices with those of similar bags. You don’t want your bag to be either too expensive or too cheap to appeal to your customers.
2-6. Launch your product when it’s complete.
Contact local and big-name retailers and have your samples ready to send out. Do some online research about your potential sellers to make sure your product fits with what they currently offer to their customers.
Start with local retailers. Since you’ll be selling in your community, this lets you receive detailed feedback from customers and store owners.
Send pictures of your samples to popular online fashion blogs to drum up some excitement for your bags. Retailers want products that customers want to buy.
3. Expanding Your Business
3-1. Write a business plan
Especially when you’re starting out, you need to keep track of how much money you plan to spend, and how much you’d like to make. It’s also important for you to spend some time thinking about who your customers are and how your products will thrill and dazzle them.
3-2. Create an online platform to gain customers.
Once you’ve got an established line or set of products, use every possible online platform to get them out there into the world. Social media is a wonderful way to let thousands and even millions of people around the world know that you’re ready to create the perfect bag just for them.
Make a website or write a blog documenting your entire process. People will love seeing how you’re getting started and watching your bags move from nonexistent to finished and beautiful!
Start an online store through a website like Etsy. This already-established platform is easy to use and reliable. It can also give you some good exposure.
Use Instagram to share great photos of finished products or the production process.
Use Twitter and Facebook to send out fun messages to give your brand personality along with the products.
Use LinkedIn to develop the professional side of your business. People may use LinkedIn to see if they can work with or even for you.
3-3. Sell your awesome bags at craft shows and farmers’ markets.
Look for a weekly market in your town or city. Especially during the summer months, these fun, outdoor exhibits are staples in most localities around the United States. These are great spots to test your your early designs.
Starting small allows you to keep your initial costs low, since you can probably make the first several batches of bags on your own. This will let you avoid working with a manufacturer until you’re ready.
Ask people what they think about your bags when they visit your spot. Even if no one buys your stuff, craft shows are perfect for getting good, honest feedback.
3-4. Create a portfolio with professional photos.
Don’t let a bad photo taken on your smartphone be the reason your career as a handbag designer fails! Even though a session with a professional photographer is expensive, it’s worth the investment. Your bags deserve pictures that show them off in all their glory.
If good photos are really out of your budget, ask your friends and family if anyone owns a nice camera. Lots of people do photography as a hobby, and close buddies may be willing to lend a hand for a free (or heavily discounted) bag.
This goes for your website, too. Nothing makes a website look unprofessional like bad pictures.
3-5. Look for PR and sales agents to represent your work.
PR and sales agents help you market to more customers and get better deals from retailers. They take a percentage of your profit, so wait until you’ve got an established income from your bags to hire these folks. Do research online to find agents who represent sellers similar to you, as this means they’ve got direct experience with your specific market.
3-6. Show your work at fashion shows and exhibitions.
Having your work appear at fashion shows means that fellow designers, celebrities, and models will get to see your work. These extravagant affairs are highly publicized and glitzy, so they’re a perfect spot for showing off unique, new products.
While some fashion shows may ask emerging designers to present their work, you can also pay venues to allow you to exhibit your bags.
3-7. Give your work to charity shows for increased exposure.
Offering your bags as gifts or raffle prizes at charity events not only allows you to get involved with causes you believe in, it also introduces your work to new people. These elaborate balls and galas often attract the who’s who among the rich and famous. If a celebrity wins and wears your bag, you’ve just gotten a boatload of free publicity!
Tips
Wear your handbag creations when they’re ready. This will help you decide what you do and don’t like about the bag, and it might get you some compliments and questions along the way.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing Your Skills\\n1-1. Work on your sewing and leatherworking skills.\\nWhile you’re starting out, make your own bags, even if this means you need to learn how to sew. Not only will this save you money, but it’ll also help you understand all the ins and outs of the creation process. This knowledge will be crucial as you start to pick manufacturers and sources for your materials.\\nStaying involved in the production process lets you be in control. What better way to make bags the way you want them to be made than to do it yourself?\\nKeep expanding your skill set as you continue designing. If you’re designing cloth bags, you may want to learn how to weave. You’ll also almost certainly need to know how to sew zippers into your bags.\\n1-2. Get a degree in fashion to make this your career.\\nIf this is going to be your main money-making job, attend a two- or four-year fashion design program at an accredited school. When you begin pitching your ideas to stores and manufacturers, this could make the difference between a “yes” and a “no” for your designs.\\nThese programs will teach you basic design, production, and art techniques. Some schools may also have courses in business and marketing that could be useful for you.\\nWhile you’re in the learning phase, you can also apply for internships with big-name handbag designers or other companies in the fashion industry.\\nEventually, it would be helpful to find a mentor that can hopefully help guide you along your career path.\\nA fashion degree doesn’t guarantee success, and it’s not necessary if it’s out of your budget. It’s even more important to be passionate about your creative and unique designs!\\n1-3. Research fashion trends for inspiration.\\nAs you set out on your design journey, it’s important to know what’s out there and what people like. Become an obsessive follower of fashion magazines and shows. Take note of popular colors, shapes, sizes, and styles to think about where your own bags would fit in the handbag world.\\nAsk your friends and family what they look for in a bag. See if they use multiple bags for different occasions.\\n1-4. Decide what sets your bags apart.\\nWhile you should have a good idea of what’s already popular, you want your stuff to be surprising. Think about what features you would most want in a handbag, and start from there. You’ll be most comfortable designing what makes you happy.\\nMaybe the whole reason you got into handbag design was because you couldn’t find the exact bag you wanted. If you’re struggling to find that perfect purse, you can bet other people are too.\\n2. Creating Prototypes and Samples\\n2-1. Create a concept board and sketches to map things out.\\nWhenever you see a picture of a bag, outfit, or something else that jumpstarts a designing brainstorm, pin it to a wall or bulletin board. Sit next to the board while you use pencil to make some rough sketches of a bag. You can then make the sketch more detailed with pen and colored pencils, or use a computer program to create a digital sketch.\\nDon’t underestimate the value of starting with pencil. Because pencil marks can be easily erased, this low-pressure tool will give you the freedom to draw and create without worrying about messing up.\\n2-2. Use cheaper materials for cost-effective prototypes.\\nPrototypes are early-stage products that allow you to make changes to bags before you mass-produce and sell them. Don’t spend too much creating these “scrap” bags. Save the big spending for the product you’re ready to share with corporate buyers and your devoted customers.\\nThis may mean using synthetic leather instead of real leather. If you’ll be sewing on jeweled or fine-metal embellishments for the final product, use fake embellishments for the prototype.\\n2-3. Make careful revisions to perfect your bags.\\nYou’ll only be able to do some of your editing on a sketchpad. The best part about prototypes is that they let you refine a concrete product. Be critical of the bag and ask yourself how it will make customers happy, and if there’s anything that could disappoint them.\\nIs this a fancier bag that will get scuffed up or damaged with lots of use? Is there a way to make it sturdier? Is it comfortable to carry? Does it fit all the essentials, including a phone, a wallet, and some makeup?\\n2-4. Find a manufacturer when you’re ready to mass-produce.\\nManufacturers quickly produce lots of products using your exact specifications for design and material. They’ll create both prototypes and - even more exciting - samples.\\nPrototypes help you revise and fix your design, while samples get products ready for mass production. The samples allow you and the manufacturer to estimate the costs of production and pricing, to provide an example bag to give to marketers and buyers, and to have something to photograph.\\nFind a manufacturer by looking online. Start by searching for producers in your area, and expand your search depending on what you need from your manufacturer.\\n2-5. Price your product carefully.\\nYou and your manufacturer will likely spend a lot of time discussing the costs of production and the best price to make a profit off your bag. While you’re having this conversation, do research online and in fashion magazines to compare your prices with those of similar bags. You don’t want your bag to be either too expensive or too cheap to appeal to your customers.\\n2-6. Launch your product when it’s complete.\\nContact local and big-name retailers and have your samples ready to send out. Do some online research about your potential sellers to make sure your product fits with what they currently offer to their customers.\\nStart with local retailers. Since you’ll be selling in your community, this lets you receive detailed feedback from customers and store owners.\\nSend pictures of your samples to popular online fashion blogs to drum up some excitement for your bags. Retailers want products that customers want to buy.\\n3. Expanding Your Business\\n3-1. Write a business plan\\nEspecially when you’re starting out, you need to keep track of how much money you plan to spend, and how much you’d like to make. It’s also important for you to spend some time thinking about who your customers are and how your products will thrill and dazzle them.\\n3-2. Create an online platform to gain customers.\\nOnce you’ve got an established line or set of products, use every possible online platform to get them out there into the world. Social media is a wonderful way to let thousands and even millions of people around the world know that you’re ready to create the perfect bag just for them.\\n\\nMake a website or write a blog documenting your entire process. People will love seeing how you’re getting started and watching your bags move from nonexistent to finished and beautiful!\\nStart an online store through a website like Etsy. This already-established platform is easy to use and reliable. It can also give you some good exposure.\\nUse Instagram to share great photos of finished products or the production process.\\nUse Twitter and Facebook to send out fun messages to give your brand personality along with the products.\\nUse LinkedIn to develop the professional side of your business. People may use LinkedIn to see if they can work with or even for you.\\n3-3. Sell your awesome bags at craft shows and farmers’ markets.\\nLook for a weekly market in your town or city. Especially during the summer months, these fun, outdoor exhibits are staples in most localities around the United States. These are great spots to test your your early designs.\\nStarting small allows you to keep your initial costs low, since you can probably make the first several batches of bags on your own. This will let you avoid working with a manufacturer until you’re ready.\\nAsk people what they think about your bags when they visit your spot. Even if no one buys your stuff, craft shows are perfect for getting good, honest feedback.\\n3-4. Create a portfolio with professional photos.\\nDon’t let a bad photo taken on your smartphone be the reason your career as a handbag designer fails! Even though a session with a professional photographer is expensive, it’s worth the investment. Your bags deserve pictures that show them off in all their glory.\\nIf good photos are really out of your budget, ask your friends and family if anyone owns a nice camera. Lots of people do photography as a hobby, and close buddies may be willing to lend a hand for a free (or heavily discounted) bag.\\nThis goes for your website, too. Nothing makes a website look unprofessional like bad pictures.\\n3-5. Look for PR and sales agents to represent your work.\\nPR and sales agents help you market to more customers and get better deals from retailers. They take a percentage of your profit, so wait until you’ve got an established income from your bags to hire these folks. Do research online to find agents who represent sellers similar to you, as this means they’ve got direct experience with your specific market.\\n3-6. Show your work at fashion shows and exhibitions.\\nHaving your work appear at fashion shows means that fellow designers, celebrities, and models will get to see your work. These extravagant affairs are highly publicized and glitzy, so they’re a perfect spot for showing off unique, new products.\\nWhile some fashion shows may ask emerging designers to present their work, you can also pay venues to allow you to exhibit your bags.\\n3-7. Give your work to charity shows for increased exposure.\\nOffering your bags as gifts or raffle prizes at charity events not only allows you to get involved with causes you believe in, it also introduces your work to new people. These elaborate balls and galas often attract the who’s who among the rich and famous. If a celebrity wins and wears your bag, you’ve just gotten a boatload of free publicity!\\nTips\\nWear your handbag creations when they’re ready. This will help you decide what you do and don’t like about the bag, and it might get you some compliments and questions along the way.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Designing handbags can be a great way to profit from your creative spirit and skills. You can design bags as a hobby or career. While it may take a while to reach your goal, you can become a successful handbag designer if you spend some time learning about fashion trends and making attractive prototypes and sample bags. If you’re down for some hard work and patience, get ready to take the fashion world by storm!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing Your Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work on your sewing and leatherworking skills.\", \"描述\": \"While you’re starting out, make your own bags, even if this means you need to learn how to sew. Not only will this save you money, but it’ll also help you understand all the ins and outs of the creation process. This knowledge will be crucial as you start to pick manufacturers and sources for your materials.\\nStaying involved in the production process lets you be in control. What better way to make bags the way you want them to be made than to do it yourself?\\nKeep expanding your skill set as you continue designing. If you’re designing cloth bags, you may want to learn how to weave. You’ll also almost certainly need to know how to sew zippers into your bags.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a degree in fashion to make this your career.\", \"描述\": \"If this is going to be your main money-making job, attend a two- or four-year fashion design program at an accredited school. When you begin pitching your ideas to stores and manufacturers, this could make the difference between a “yes” and a “no” for your designs.\\nThese programs will teach you basic design, production, and art techniques. Some schools may also have courses in business and marketing that could be useful for you.\\nWhile you’re in the learning phase, you can also apply for internships with big-name handbag designers or other companies in the fashion industry.\\nEventually, it would be helpful to find a mentor that can hopefully help guide you along your career path.\\nA fashion degree doesn’t guarantee success, and it’s not necessary if it’s out of your budget. It’s even more important to be passionate about your creative and unique designs!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Research fashion trends for inspiration.\", \"描述\": \"As you set out on your design journey, it’s important to know what’s out there and what people like. Become an obsessive follower of fashion magazines and shows. Take note of popular colors, shapes, sizes, and styles to think about where your own bags would fit in the handbag world.\\nAsk your friends and family what they look for in a bag. See if they use multiple bags for different occasions.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Decide what sets your bags apart.\", \"描述\": \"While you should have a good idea of what’s already popular, you want your stuff to be surprising. Think about what features you would most want in a handbag, and start from there. You’ll be most comfortable designing what makes you happy.\\nMaybe the whole reason you got into handbag design was because you couldn’t find the exact bag you wanted. If you’re struggling to find that perfect purse, you can bet other people are too.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Creating Prototypes and Samples\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a concept board and sketches to map things out.\", \"描述\": \"Whenever you see a picture of a bag, outfit, or something else that jumpstarts a designing brainstorm, pin it to a wall or bulletin board. Sit next to the board while you use pencil to make some rough sketches of a bag. You can then make the sketch more detailed with pen and colored pencils, or use a computer program to create a digital sketch.\\nDon’t underestimate the value of starting with pencil. Because pencil marks can be easily erased, this low-pressure tool will give you the freedom to draw and create without worrying about messing up.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use cheaper materials for cost-effective prototypes.\", \"描述\": \"Prototypes are early-stage products that allow you to make changes to bags before you mass-produce and sell them. Don’t spend too much creating these “scrap” bags. Save the big spending for the product you’re ready to share with corporate buyers and your devoted customers.\\nThis may mean using synthetic leather instead of real leather. If you’ll be sewing on jeweled or fine-metal embellishments for the final product, use fake embellishments for the prototype.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make careful revisions to perfect your bags.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll only be able to do some of your editing on a sketchpad. The best part about prototypes is that they let you refine a concrete product. Be critical of the bag and ask yourself how it will make customers happy, and if there’s anything that could disappoint them.\\nIs this a fancier bag that will get scuffed up or damaged with lots of use? Is there a way to make it sturdier? Is it comfortable to carry? Does it fit all the essentials, including a phone, a wallet, and some makeup?\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find a manufacturer when you’re ready to mass-produce.\", \"描述\": \"Manufacturers quickly produce lots of products using your exact specifications for design and material. They’ll create both prototypes and - even more exciting - samples.\\nPrototypes help you revise and fix your design, while samples get products ready for mass production. The samples allow you and the manufacturer to estimate the costs of production and pricing, to provide an example bag to give to marketers and buyers, and to have something to photograph.\\nFind a manufacturer by looking online. Start by searching for producers in your area, and expand your search depending on what you need from your manufacturer.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Price your product carefully.\", \"描述\": \"You and your manufacturer will likely spend a lot of time discussing the costs of production and the best price to make a profit off your bag. While you’re having this conversation, do research online and in fashion magazines to compare your prices with those of similar bags. You don’t want your bag to be either too expensive or too cheap to appeal to your customers.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Launch your product when it’s complete.\", \"描述\": \"Contact local and big-name retailers and have your samples ready to send out. Do some online research about your potential sellers to make sure your product fits with what they currently offer to their customers.\\nStart with local retailers. Since you’ll be selling in your community, this lets you receive detailed feedback from customers and store owners.\\nSend pictures of your samples to popular online fashion blogs to drum up some excitement for your bags. Retailers want products that customers want to buy.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Expanding Your Business\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write a business plan\", \"描述\": \"Especially when you’re starting out, you need to keep track of how much money you plan to spend, and how much you’d like to make. It’s also important for you to spend some time thinking about who your customers are and how your products will thrill and dazzle them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create an online platform to gain customers.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve got an established line or set of products, use every possible online platform to get them out there into the world. Social media is a wonderful way to let thousands and even millions of people around the world know that you’re ready to create the perfect bag just for them.\\n\\nMake a website or write a blog documenting your entire process. People will love seeing how you’re getting started and watching your bags move from nonexistent to finished and beautiful!\\nStart an online store through a website like Etsy. This already-established platform is easy to use and reliable. It can also give you some good exposure.\\nUse Instagram to share great photos of finished products or the production process.\\nUse Twitter and Facebook to send out fun messages to give your brand personality along with the products.\\nUse LinkedIn to develop the professional side of your business. People may use LinkedIn to see if they can work with or even for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sell your awesome bags at craft shows and farmers’ markets.\", \"描述\": \"Look for a weekly market in your town or city. Especially during the summer months, these fun, outdoor exhibits are staples in most localities around the United States. These are great spots to test your your early designs.\\nStarting small allows you to keep your initial costs low, since you can probably make the first several batches of bags on your own. This will let you avoid working with a manufacturer until you’re ready.\\nAsk people what they think about your bags when they visit your spot. Even if no one buys your stuff, craft shows are perfect for getting good, honest feedback.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Create a portfolio with professional photos.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t let a bad photo taken on your smartphone be the reason your career as a handbag designer fails! Even though a session with a professional photographer is expensive, it’s worth the investment. Your bags deserve pictures that show them off in all their glory.\\nIf good photos are really out of your budget, ask your friends and family if anyone owns a nice camera. Lots of people do photography as a hobby, and close buddies may be willing to lend a hand for a free (or heavily discounted) bag.\\nThis goes for your website, too. Nothing makes a website look unprofessional like bad pictures.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Look for PR and sales agents to represent your work.\", \"描述\": \"PR and sales agents help you market to more customers and get better deals from retailers. They take a percentage of your profit, so wait until you’ve got an established income from your bags to hire these folks. Do research online to find agents who represent sellers similar to you, as this means they’ve got direct experience with your specific market.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Show your work at fashion shows and exhibitions.\", \"描述\": \"Having your work appear at fashion shows means that fellow designers, celebrities, and models will get to see your work. These extravagant affairs are highly publicized and glitzy, so they’re a perfect spot for showing off unique, new products.\\nWhile some fashion shows may ask emerging designers to present their work, you can also pay venues to allow you to exhibit your bags.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Give your work to charity shows for increased exposure.\", \"描述\": \"Offering your bags as gifts or raffle prizes at charity events not only allows you to get involved with causes you believe in, it also introduces your work to new people. These elaborate balls and galas often attract the who’s who among the rich and famous. If a celebrity wins and wears your bag, you’ve just gotten a boatload of free publicity!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Wear your handbag creations when they’re ready. This will help you decide what you do and don’t like about the bag, and it might get you some compliments and questions along the way.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,436 |
How to Become a Hare Krishna and Achieve Krishna Consciousness
|
1. Devotion to Krishna
1-1. Understand what differentiates Hare Krishna and Hinduism.
Hare Krishna is a nickname for the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). It is a formal organization based on Gaudiya Vaishnava form of Hinduism. They key distinguishing feature is that Hare Krishnas believe in Lord Krishna as the Supreme Personality of the Godhead. In other words, Krishna is the supreme ruler over everything.
While most Hindus are polytheistic (belief in many Gods), Hare Krishnas are monotheistic (belief in one God).
While Hare Krishna is based on beliefs that are thousands of years old, ISKCON was formally founded in 1965 by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada.
Krishna Consciousness is a key part of the Hare Krishna movement. It refers to a state of awareness in which devoted followers are in perfect harmony with Lord Krishna.
There is no formal “baptism” or anything for Hare Krishna. If you live the lifestyle and follow the tenets of the faith, you’re a member of the religion.
1-2. Study the Bhagavad Gita, the key holy text in Hare Krishna.
Also known as the Gita, this ancient text is key to Hinduism, but essential for Hare Krishnas devotees. This book is a dialogue between Arjuna and Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna explains the duties of being a warrior and answers questions about various spiritual topics and practices; all of this informs the foundation of Hare Krishna. The text covers:
The soul
One’s relationship with God
Bhakti Yoga
Karma Yoga
Gyaan Yoga
Hatha-yoga
1-3. Read the Vedas to enrich and guide you on your journey.
The Vedas were written by Lord Vyasadeva and cover a wide range of topics such as medicine, yoga and meditation techniques, science, government, and more. There are 4 main books: Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda. Read the Vedas to build on the knowledge that has been passed down from the masters to disciples.
Rig Veda, which is the oldest book in Hinduism, contains hymns about Hindu mythology.
Sama Veda primarily deals with various religious rituals.
Yajur Veda also covers hymns and chants for a variety of distinct religious rituals.
Atharva Veda contains spiritual advice and describes spells you can use against enemies, bad spirits, or diseases.
1-4. Understand the 4 principles of the Hare Krishna faith.
The 4 principles should not be seen as restrictions, but as aids towards freedom and development. These principles guide how you interact with people and regulate your body and mind. The principles are based on the ideas of cleanliness, mercy, austerity, and truthfulness. The principles are as follows:
No eating meat, fish, or eggs. Animals are children of God, and consuming them is an affront to Krishna.
No gambling. Gambling and speculation encourage deceit and untruthfulness, which can harm your Karma.
No alcohol, tobacco, or drugs. Anything that can intoxicate you has the ability to cloud your senses and interrupt your connection to God.
No premarital sex. Hare Krishna’s scriptures indicate that sex for pleasure pulls you further from God.
1-5. Practice Bhakti Yoga.
Bhakti yoga means the path of dedication and love. The Bhagavad Gita describes physical exercise of yoga and the spiritual nature of yoga. Bhakti Yoga moves beyond the physical and is focused on living a life of dedication and service to Lord Krishna. Bhakti Yoga is developed through:
Chanting
Studying sacred texts
Spending time with other Hare Krishna devotees
Upholding the four principles
Eating a vegan or vegetarian diet
2. Worship Practices and Rituals
2-1. Recite the Maha Mantra, the sacred chant for deliverance.
Chanting this mantra gives you peace and connects you directly to Lord Krishna. Say the following words, “Hare Krishna Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna, Hare Hare, Hare Rama Hare Rama, Rama Rama Hare Hare.” Continue repeating this until you feel Krishna’s spirit and warmth. The three forms of meditation are Japa, kirtan, and sankirtan.
In Japa, you meditate quietly alone with your prayer beads.
In kirtan, you meditate by singing the mantra and with musical instruments.
If you perform kirtan in a group, it is called sankirtan.
This chant roughly means “O Krishna, O energy of Krishna, please engage me in your service.
2-2. Use Japa beads to remind yourself of your devotion.
Japa beads are similar to a rosary beads. When you chant alone, count each round of chanting on your Japa beads to focus and track the number of times that you have chanted the mantra. Alternatively, you can meditate while holding the beads in your right hand, or bring them everywhere you go to keep a reminder of your faith on you.
Your beads are sacred and should never be placed on the ground on anything that is dirty. If you want to carry them with you, place them in a special Japa bead bag.
Many Hare Krishnas chant 16 rounds on the Japa beads while offering respects to a tulasi plant as a daily practice.
2-3. Set up a home altar to pray, chant, and make offerings.
An altar is not required, but it can enhance your spirituality at home. An altar is a special place that you set aside for meditation. Imagine where you would seat a guest that you really loved and adored. This is what your altar should look like. When you craft your altar, you might include:
A picture of Srila Prabhupada (the spiritual master and guru).
A picture of Lord Chaitanya (the incarnation of God for this age) and his 4 associates.
A picture of Lord Krishna, centrally placed on the altar.
Candles or incense.
Any items that you find beautiful, moving, or symbolically valuable.
Comfortable chairs and pillows.
2-4. Attend temple to worship alongside other Hare Krishna.
Going to temple allows you to participate in congregational worship and sankirtan (group chanting and story telling). Worship service is usually on a Sunday night. Visit the ISKCON website to find a temple near you.
There are some devotees that live in the temple. However, you can still live outside of the temple and live out Krishna’s teaching in your everyday life.
3. Living with Krishna Consciousness
3-1. Become a vegan
As a Hare Krishna, your relationship with food is influenced by the principles of compassion, non-violence, and balanced living. As a result, don’t eat meat, fish, dairy or eggs. Killing animals for food produces bad Karma. Some devotees believe a vegetarian diet is sufficient, but others go for full veganism. By not relying on animals for food, you are stopping some of the karma associated with violence.
In addition to being a vegan, encourage others to be vegan and support the ethical treatment of animals. Don't forget to research cruelty-free clothes, skin care, and cleaning products, too.
3-2. Spend time with other devotees to learn from others.
Community engagement is a key part of being Hare Krishna. Spend time with other like-minded individuals, ask questions, and enjoy the company of others. This can also enhance your study of the sacred texts and help you chant with other people.
You can find other devotees through Facebook, Krishna Conscious discussion boards, or by visiting the ISKCON website.
Going to a temple is the best way to meet other devotees.
3-3. Pursue life as a sannyasa if you’re called to higher commitment.
Sannyasis are the robed and head-shaved monks who dedicate themselves entirely to spiritual enlightenment and the spread of Hare Krishna. Once you’ve joined a local Hare Krishna temple, talk to the local guru about finding a sponsor for your sannyasa journey if you’re interested in it. Typically, you need:
Knowledge of Hindu astrology (Jyotisha) and the skills to perform astrological analysis.
To pass a scriptural test (the Bhakti Sastri exam).
A resume and a letter explaining why you want to become a sannyasa.
To take an oath of loyalty and provide references.
Tips
Hare Krishna got a bad wrap as a cult in the 1960s and 1970s because it was the first sect of Hinduism to catch on with non-Asian people in the West, and because devotees used to solicit people for donations at airports.[13]
X
Research source
While there is a healthy level of debate and discussion surrounding how Hare Krishna relates to other forms of Hinduism, but it doesn’t come close to fulfilling the definition of a cult.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Devotion to Krishna\\n1-1. Understand what differentiates Hare Krishna and Hinduism.\\nHare Krishna is a nickname for the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). It is a formal organization based on Gaudiya Vaishnava form of Hinduism. They key distinguishing feature is that Hare Krishnas believe in Lord Krishna as the Supreme Personality of the Godhead. In other words, Krishna is the supreme ruler over everything.\\nWhile most Hindus are polytheistic (belief in many Gods), Hare Krishnas are monotheistic (belief in one God).\\nWhile Hare Krishna is based on beliefs that are thousands of years old, ISKCON was formally founded in 1965 by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada.\\nKrishna Consciousness is a key part of the Hare Krishna movement. It refers to a state of awareness in which devoted followers are in perfect harmony with Lord Krishna.\\nThere is no formal “baptism” or anything for Hare Krishna. If you live the lifestyle and follow the tenets of the faith, you’re a member of the religion.\\n1-2. Study the Bhagavad Gita, the key holy text in Hare Krishna.\\nAlso known as the Gita, this ancient text is key to Hinduism, but essential for Hare Krishnas devotees. This book is a dialogue between Arjuna and Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna explains the duties of being a warrior and answers questions about various spiritual topics and practices; all of this informs the foundation of Hare Krishna. The text covers:\\nThe soul\\nOne’s relationship with God\\nBhakti Yoga\\nKarma Yoga\\nGyaan Yoga\\nHatha-yoga\\n1-3. Read the Vedas to enrich and guide you on your journey.\\nThe Vedas were written by Lord Vyasadeva and cover a wide range of topics such as medicine, yoga and meditation techniques, science, government, and more. There are 4 main books: Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda. Read the Vedas to build on the knowledge that has been passed down from the masters to disciples.\\n\\nRig Veda, which is the oldest book in Hinduism, contains hymns about Hindu mythology.\\nSama Veda primarily deals with various religious rituals.\\nYajur Veda also covers hymns and chants for a variety of distinct religious rituals.\\nAtharva Veda contains spiritual advice and describes spells you can use against enemies, bad spirits, or diseases.\\n1-4. Understand the 4 principles of the Hare Krishna faith.\\nThe 4 principles should not be seen as restrictions, but as aids towards freedom and development. These principles guide how you interact with people and regulate your body and mind. The principles are based on the ideas of cleanliness, mercy, austerity, and truthfulness. The principles are as follows:\\nNo eating meat, fish, or eggs. Animals are children of God, and consuming them is an affront to Krishna.\\nNo gambling. Gambling and speculation encourage deceit and untruthfulness, which can harm your Karma.\\nNo alcohol, tobacco, or drugs. Anything that can intoxicate you has the ability to cloud your senses and interrupt your connection to God.\\nNo premarital sex. Hare Krishna’s scriptures indicate that sex for pleasure pulls you further from God.\\n1-5. Practice Bhakti Yoga.\\nBhakti yoga means the path of dedication and love. The Bhagavad Gita describes physical exercise of yoga and the spiritual nature of yoga. Bhakti Yoga moves beyond the physical and is focused on living a life of dedication and service to Lord Krishna. Bhakti Yoga is developed through:\\nChanting\\nStudying sacred texts\\nSpending time with other Hare Krishna devotees\\nUpholding the four principles\\nEating a vegan or vegetarian diet\\n2. Worship Practices and Rituals\\n2-1. Recite the Maha Mantra, the sacred chant for deliverance.\\nChanting this mantra gives you peace and connects you directly to Lord Krishna. Say the following words, “Hare Krishna Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna, Hare Hare, Hare Rama Hare Rama, Rama Rama Hare Hare.” Continue repeating this until you feel Krishna’s spirit and warmth. The three forms of meditation are Japa, kirtan, and sankirtan.\\nIn Japa, you meditate quietly alone with your prayer beads.\\nIn kirtan, you meditate by singing the mantra and with musical instruments.\\nIf you perform kirtan in a group, it is called sankirtan.\\nThis chant roughly means “O Krishna, O energy of Krishna, please engage me in your service.\\n2-2. Use Japa beads to remind yourself of your devotion.\\nJapa beads are similar to a rosary beads. When you chant alone, count each round of chanting on your Japa beads to focus and track the number of times that you have chanted the mantra. Alternatively, you can meditate while holding the beads in your right hand, or bring them everywhere you go to keep a reminder of your faith on you.\\nYour beads are sacred and should never be placed on the ground on anything that is dirty. If you want to carry them with you, place them in a special Japa bead bag.\\nMany Hare Krishnas chant 16 rounds on the Japa beads while offering respects to a tulasi plant as a daily practice.\\n2-3. Set up a home altar to pray, chant, and make offerings.\\nAn altar is not required, but it can enhance your spirituality at home. An altar is a special place that you set aside for meditation. Imagine where you would seat a guest that you really loved and adored. This is what your altar should look like. When you craft your altar, you might include:\\nA picture of Srila Prabhupada (the spiritual master and guru).\\nA picture of Lord Chaitanya (the incarnation of God for this age) and his 4 associates.\\nA picture of Lord Krishna, centrally placed on the altar.\\nCandles or incense.\\nAny items that you find beautiful, moving, or symbolically valuable.\\nComfortable chairs and pillows.\\n2-4. Attend temple to worship alongside other Hare Krishna.\\nGoing to temple allows you to participate in congregational worship and sankirtan (group chanting and story telling). Worship service is usually on a Sunday night. Visit the ISKCON website to find a temple near you.\\nThere are some devotees that live in the temple. However, you can still live outside of the temple and live out Krishna’s teaching in your everyday life.\\n3. Living with Krishna Consciousness\\n3-1. Become a vegan\\nAs a Hare Krishna, your relationship with food is influenced by the principles of compassion, non-violence, and balanced living. As a result, don’t eat meat, fish, dairy or eggs. Killing animals for food produces bad Karma. Some devotees believe a vegetarian diet is sufficient, but others go for full veganism. By not relying on animals for food, you are stopping some of the karma associated with violence.\\nIn addition to being a vegan, encourage others to be vegan and support the ethical treatment of animals. Don't forget to research cruelty-free clothes, skin care, and cleaning products, too.\\n3-2. Spend time with other devotees to learn from others.\\nCommunity engagement is a key part of being Hare Krishna. Spend time with other like-minded individuals, ask questions, and enjoy the company of others. This can also enhance your study of the sacred texts and help you chant with other people.\\nYou can find other devotees through Facebook, Krishna Conscious discussion boards, or by visiting the ISKCON website.\\nGoing to a temple is the best way to meet other devotees.\\n3-3. Pursue life as a sannyasa if you’re called to higher commitment.\\nSannyasis are the robed and head-shaved monks who dedicate themselves entirely to spiritual enlightenment and the spread of Hare Krishna. Once you’ve joined a local Hare Krishna temple, talk to the local guru about finding a sponsor for your sannyasa journey if you’re interested in it. Typically, you need:\\nKnowledge of Hindu astrology (Jyotisha) and the skills to perform astrological analysis.\\nTo pass a scriptural test (the Bhakti Sastri exam).\\nA resume and a letter explaining why you want to become a sannyasa.\\nTo take an oath of loyalty and provide references.\\nTips\\nHare Krishna got a bad wrap as a cult in the 1960s and 1970s because it was the first sect of Hinduism to catch on with non-Asian people in the West, and because devotees used to solicit people for donations at airports.[13]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n While there is a healthy level of debate and discussion surrounding how Hare Krishna relates to other forms of Hinduism, but it doesn’t come close to fulfilling the definition of a cult.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Hare Krishna devotees are part of the International Society of Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), a variant of Hinduism founded on the idea that Lord Krishna is the one supreme God. This movement was founded by His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in 1965, and anyone can follow the teachings of this spiritual movement. In this article, we’ll walk you through the key features of Hare Krishna, break down the main rituals and forms of worship, and walk you through what you need to further develop your faith.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Devotion to Krishna\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand what differentiates Hare Krishna and Hinduism.\", \"描述\": \"Hare Krishna is a nickname for the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). It is a formal organization based on Gaudiya Vaishnava form of Hinduism. They key distinguishing feature is that Hare Krishnas believe in Lord Krishna as the Supreme Personality of the Godhead. In other words, Krishna is the supreme ruler over everything.\\nWhile most Hindus are polytheistic (belief in many Gods), Hare Krishnas are monotheistic (belief in one God).\\nWhile Hare Krishna is based on beliefs that are thousands of years old, ISKCON was formally founded in 1965 by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada.\\nKrishna Consciousness is a key part of the Hare Krishna movement. It refers to a state of awareness in which devoted followers are in perfect harmony with Lord Krishna.\\nThere is no formal “baptism” or anything for Hare Krishna. If you live the lifestyle and follow the tenets of the faith, you’re a member of the religion.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study the Bhagavad Gita, the key holy text in Hare Krishna.\", \"描述\": \"Also known as the Gita, this ancient text is key to Hinduism, but essential for Hare Krishnas devotees. This book is a dialogue between Arjuna and Lord Krishna. Lord Krishna explains the duties of being a warrior and answers questions about various spiritual topics and practices; all of this informs the foundation of Hare Krishna. The text covers:\\nThe soul\\nOne’s relationship with God\\nBhakti Yoga\\nKarma Yoga\\nGyaan Yoga\\nHatha-yoga\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Read the Vedas to enrich and guide you on your journey.\", \"描述\": \"The Vedas were written by Lord Vyasadeva and cover a wide range of topics such as medicine, yoga and meditation techniques, science, government, and more. There are 4 main books: Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda. Read the Vedas to build on the knowledge that has been passed down from the masters to disciples.\\n\\nRig Veda, which is the oldest book in Hinduism, contains hymns about Hindu mythology.\\nSama Veda primarily deals with various religious rituals.\\nYajur Veda also covers hymns and chants for a variety of distinct religious rituals.\\nAtharva Veda contains spiritual advice and describes spells you can use against enemies, bad spirits, or diseases.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Understand the 4 principles of the Hare Krishna faith.\", \"描述\": \"The 4 principles should not be seen as restrictions, but as aids towards freedom and development. These principles guide how you interact with people and regulate your body and mind. The principles are based on the ideas of cleanliness, mercy, austerity, and truthfulness. The principles are as follows:\\nNo eating meat, fish, or eggs. Animals are children of God, and consuming them is an affront to Krishna.\\nNo gambling. Gambling and speculation encourage deceit and untruthfulness, which can harm your Karma.\\nNo alcohol, tobacco, or drugs. Anything that can intoxicate you has the ability to cloud your senses and interrupt your connection to God.\\nNo premarital sex. Hare Krishna’s scriptures indicate that sex for pleasure pulls you further from God.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Practice Bhakti Yoga.\", \"描述\": \"Bhakti yoga means the path of dedication and love. The Bhagavad Gita describes physical exercise of yoga and the spiritual nature of yoga. Bhakti Yoga moves beyond the physical and is focused on living a life of dedication and service to Lord Krishna. Bhakti Yoga is developed through:\\nChanting\\nStudying sacred texts\\nSpending time with other Hare Krishna devotees\\nUpholding the four principles\\nEating a vegan or vegetarian diet\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Worship Practices and Rituals\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Recite the Maha Mantra, the sacred chant for deliverance.\", \"描述\": \"Chanting this mantra gives you peace and connects you directly to Lord Krishna. Say the following words, “Hare Krishna Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna, Hare Hare, Hare Rama Hare Rama, Rama Rama Hare Hare.” Continue repeating this until you feel Krishna’s spirit and warmth. The three forms of meditation are Japa, kirtan, and sankirtan.\\nIn Japa, you meditate quietly alone with your prayer beads.\\nIn kirtan, you meditate by singing the mantra and with musical instruments.\\nIf you perform kirtan in a group, it is called sankirtan.\\nThis chant roughly means “O Krishna, O energy of Krishna, please engage me in your service.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use Japa beads to remind yourself of your devotion.\", \"描述\": \"Japa beads are similar to a rosary beads. When you chant alone, count each round of chanting on your Japa beads to focus and track the number of times that you have chanted the mantra. Alternatively, you can meditate while holding the beads in your right hand, or bring them everywhere you go to keep a reminder of your faith on you.\\nYour beads are sacred and should never be placed on the ground on anything that is dirty. If you want to carry them with you, place them in a special Japa bead bag.\\nMany Hare Krishnas chant 16 rounds on the Japa beads while offering respects to a tulasi plant as a daily practice.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Set up a home altar to pray, chant, and make offerings.\", \"描述\": \"An altar is not required, but it can enhance your spirituality at home. An altar is a special place that you set aside for meditation. Imagine where you would seat a guest that you really loved and adored. This is what your altar should look like. When you craft your altar, you might include:\\nA picture of Srila Prabhupada (the spiritual master and guru).\\nA picture of Lord Chaitanya (the incarnation of God for this age) and his 4 associates.\\nA picture of Lord Krishna, centrally placed on the altar.\\nCandles or incense.\\nAny items that you find beautiful, moving, or symbolically valuable.\\nComfortable chairs and pillows.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Attend temple to worship alongside other Hare Krishna.\", \"描述\": \"Going to temple allows you to participate in congregational worship and sankirtan (group chanting and story telling). Worship service is usually on a Sunday night. Visit the ISKCON website to find a temple near you.\\nThere are some devotees that live in the temple. However, you can still live outside of the temple and live out Krishna’s teaching in your everyday life.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Living with Krishna Consciousness\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Become a vegan\", \"描述\": \"As a Hare Krishna, your relationship with food is influenced by the principles of compassion, non-violence, and balanced living. As a result, don’t eat meat, fish, dairy or eggs. Killing animals for food produces bad Karma. Some devotees believe a vegetarian diet is sufficient, but others go for full veganism. By not relying on animals for food, you are stopping some of the karma associated with violence.\\nIn addition to being a vegan, encourage others to be vegan and support the ethical treatment of animals. Don't forget to research cruelty-free clothes, skin care, and cleaning products, too.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Spend time with other devotees to learn from others.\", \"描述\": \"Community engagement is a key part of being Hare Krishna. Spend time with other like-minded individuals, ask questions, and enjoy the company of others. This can also enhance your study of the sacred texts and help you chant with other people.\\nYou can find other devotees through Facebook, Krishna Conscious discussion boards, or by visiting the ISKCON website.\\nGoing to a temple is the best way to meet other devotees.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pursue life as a sannyasa if you’re called to higher commitment.\", \"描述\": \"Sannyasis are the robed and head-shaved monks who dedicate themselves entirely to spiritual enlightenment and the spread of Hare Krishna. Once you’ve joined a local Hare Krishna temple, talk to the local guru about finding a sponsor for your sannyasa journey if you’re interested in it. Typically, you need:\\nKnowledge of Hindu astrology (Jyotisha) and the skills to perform astrological analysis.\\nTo pass a scriptural test (the Bhakti Sastri exam).\\nA resume and a letter explaining why you want to become a sannyasa.\\nTo take an oath of loyalty and provide references.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Hare Krishna got a bad wrap as a cult in the 1960s and 1970s because it was the first sect of Hinduism to catch on with non-Asian people in the West, and because devotees used to solicit people for donations at airports.[13]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n While there is a healthy level of debate and discussion surrounding how Hare Krishna relates to other forms of Hinduism, but it doesn’t come close to fulfilling the definition of a cult.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,437 |
How to Become a Health Inspector
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1. Becoming an Environmental/Public Health Inspector
1-1. Obtain the appropriate level of education.
Most environmental and/or public health inspectors are employed at the state or local (i.e. county or city) level, and each of these jurisdictions may require a slightly different level of education. The best location to find required qualifications is on that state’s department of health website. We’ll use New York State for our examples.
Search for and go to the state’s department of health website. On the health department’s website, look or search for the careers section.
Look or search for careers in any inspector positions. Each state and local authority may name the position slightly differently, but it will usually always include the word inspector.
Review the specific educational qualifications required by that department of health. In the case of New York State, public health inspectors need an associate’s degree OR 60 credit hours of post-secondary education. Twelve credit hours of either qualification must be in the natural sciences (i.e. biology, chemistry, physics, etc.).
1-2. Complete a public health internship.
Various health departments at the state and county/city level offer internships for post-secondary students. These internships are highly valued by future employers and you should apply for internships as often as you have time available.
Normally these internships are only open to students and not recent graduates.
Many of these internships are unpaid, so you’ll need to obtain funding via another source, or budget for being a volunteer instead of employed.
1-3. Determine and fulfill state-specific employment policies.
Some states have specific rules, based on their laws and statutes, that all civil service employees must follow. In most cases, the state rules will apply at the local level as well.
New York State requires all civil service employees to take an examination based on the type of position being applied to. You can register and pay for examinations in New York State via their online portal. Examinations are then held periodically throughout the year at locations throughout the state.
Once you’ve completed the examination, you will provided with your score and your name will be put on an eligibility list that can be shared with the appropriate state departments. As vacancies arise, you may be considered for the position based on your score and ranking compared to other candidates.
1-4. Prepare for and attend employment interviews.
Even if you have a high score on your examination and are at the top of the list, it does not guarantee you a job. You will also need to show your potential employer you’re the perfect candidate for the position. Review any potential interview questions you may receive and practice your responses.
Make sure you bring at least two printed copies of your resume with you to the interview. One to give to the interviewer, if required, and the other for you to reference while answering questions.
Review the employer’s website and ensure you know the proper attire to wear for the interview. When it doubt, assume business formal attire.
Practice your interview with a friend or career professional. This can include the career center at your post-secondary institution. Career centers may also offer seminars on interviewing skills which may be helpful.
1-5. Decide if you’re going to pursue certification.
Professional certification is not required for environmental and/or public health inspectors in the United States. Some jurisdictions, however, may require certification for some inspector positions. If certifications are not required, it is nevertheless a beneficial qualification to have on your resume.
The National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) offers certifications in a variety of environmental health professions, including the Certified Environmental Health Technician (CEHT) and Registered Environmental Health Specialist / Registered Sanitarian (REHS/RS).
Different levels of certification require different levels of education. If you’re considering certification, make sure to apply for certification at the highest possible level that your education and/or experience will allow.
2. Becoming an Occupational Health and Safety Inspector
2-1. Obtain the appropriate level of education.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) identifies two levels of Occupational Health and Safety professionals - a Technician and a Specialist. Technicians tend to work for Specialists, which means Technicians tend to have a lower level of educational requirements than Specialists. Technicians may require only a high school diploma, whereas Specialists require at least a bachelor’s degree.
Some post-secondary institutions in the United States offer specific Occupational Health and Safety majors, certificates or degrees. These degrees will usually be a requirement of certification.
2-2. Decide if you’d rather work for a public or private organization.
In the United States, all employers must abide by the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) which requires them to provide a safe working environment for all employees. Many private organizations employee Occupational Health and Safety professionals to ensure their organization meets all legal requirements. While the government organization - Occupational Safety and Health Administration - enforces the law, inspects workplaces and investigates incidents.
2-3. Review specific role requirements.
Every organization who hires an Occupational Health and Safety professional will have different employment requirements. Some of these requirements may be based on the level of the job within the organization (i.e. the higher the job, the higher the qualifications).
If you want to work for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration directly, you can access all job postings on the federal USAJOBS website. Use the advanced search on the website to look specifically for jobs at OSHA. Remember that not all positions will be called inspector, so try not to limit your search by using the word inspector.
To find Occupational Health and Safety jobs at a private organization you can use either a generic job search website (i.e. Monster, etc.) or go directly to the organization’s career website.
2-4. Decide if you’re going to pursue certification.
Certification, in general, is not required to become an Occupational Health and Safety professional, but it certainly doesn’t hurt. Some specific organizations may require certification, so obtaining one will increase the number of positions you’re eligible for.
The Board of Certified Safety Professionals (BCSP) offers a number of different certifications. The BCSP also offer a Career Paths in Safety PDF that walks you through the different types of certifications and their requirements.
The Institute for Safety and Health Management (ISHM) offers a number of certifications for professionals at the management level.
The American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH) offers two types of certification. Industrial hygiene is another term for Occupational Health and Safety.
2-5. Apply to the jobs you’re interested in.
Career experts have no magic number of jobs to apply to during a job search, but you should try to be logical. Make sure you take the time to do your job search properly - don’t rush. Take advantage of expert advice from career centers and reputable career websites. Make sure your application stands out from the crowd. And don’t sell yourself short by making compromises.
Don’t limit your applications to positions you’re 100% qualified for. You may have other skills and abilities that make up for the lack of specific qualifications in other areas.
The majority of available jobs aren’t actually posted on job websites, or advertised at all. This is referred to as the closed job market and it can usually only be accessed by networking.
Your cover letter is one of the most important parts of your application. Don’t use a form letter. Make sure you use keywords directly from the job posting.
2-6. Prepare for and attend employment interviews.
Once you’ve submitted your application you may be short-listed for an interview. The interview is your chance to show your potential employer you’re the perfect candidate for the position. Review any potential interview questions you may receive and practice your responses.
Make sure you bring at least two printed copies of your resume with you to the interview. One to give to the interviewer, if required, and the other for you to reference while answering questions.
Review the employer’s website and ensure you know the proper attire to wear for the interview. When it doubt, assume business formal attire.
Practice your interview with a friend or career professional. This can include the career center at your post-secondary institution. Career centers may also offer seminars on interviewing skills which may be helpful.
3. Becoming an Agricultural and/or Food Safety Inspector
3-1. Obtain the appropriate level of education.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indicates that some Agriculture and Food Safety Technicians may obtain a position without a post-secondary degree, but as an alternative it would require previous experience instead. For this type of inspector, an education that has focused on biology, animal sciences, food sciences, or something similar are the best options.
Many post-secondary institutions offer science degrees that may have specialties in agriculture and/or food-related topics at the undergrad level. Degrees that are specifically in agriculture and food safety tend to be at the graduate level.
3-2. Decide if you’d rather work for a public or private organization.
In the United States, the Department of Agriculture employs inspectors through their Food Safety and Inspection Service and through their Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) employs Food Safety professionals in their Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. In the private sector many agricultural organizations and food producers employ agriculture or food safety professionals to inspect and assess crops, animals and output.
3-3. Review specific role requirements.
Agriculture and/or Food Safety professionals usually focus on a specialty of some kind, such as carbon management, microbiology, consumer safety, and import. Each specialty may require slightly different qualifications that you need to be aware of before deciding which roles you wish to apply to.
The Department of Agriculture requires that inspectors pass a written test in order to qualify for an entry-level position.
3-4. Decide if you’re going to pursue certification.
Certification is not required for Agriculture and/or Food Safety professionals, but some organizations may require certification for certain inspector positions. If not required, becoming certified will definitely help your job prospects.
The American Society of Agronomy offers certifications in a variety of specific agricultural disciplines.
The Soil Science Society of America offers certifications specifically for the soil science specialty.
The American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists (ARPAS) offers certifications specifically in animals sciences.
The Institute for Food Technologists (IFT) offers different levels of membership that are very similar to certifications.
3-5. Apply to the jobs you’re interested in.
Career experts have no magic number of jobs to apply to during a job search, but you should try to be logical. Make sure you take the time to do your job search properly - don’t rush. Take advantage of expert advice from career centers and reputable career websites. Make sure your application stands out from the crowd. And don’t sell yourself short by making compromises.
Postings for Agriculture and/or Food Safety positions at the federal government level can all be found on the USAJOBS career website.
Don’t limit your applications to positions you’re 100% qualified for. You may have other skills and abilities that make up for the lack of specific qualifications in other areas.
The majority of available jobs aren’t actually posted on job websites, or advertised at all. This is referred to as the closed job market and it can usually only be accessed by networking.
Your cover letter is one of the most important parts of your application. Don’t use a form letter. Make sure you use keywords directly from the job posting.
3-6. Prepare for and attend employment interviews.
Once you’ve submitted your application you may be short-listed for an interview. The interview if your chance to show your potential employer you’re the perfect candidate for the position. Review any potential interview questions you may receive and practice your responses.
Make sure you bring at least two printed copies of your resume with you to the interview. One to give to the interviewer, if required, and the other for you to reference while answering questions.
Review the employer’s website and ensure you know the proper attire to wear for the interview. When it doubt, assume business formal attire.
Practice your interview with a friend or career professional. This can include the career center at your post-secondary institution. Career centers may also offer seminars on interviewing skills which may be helpful.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Becoming an Environmental/Public Health Inspector\\n1-1. Obtain the appropriate level of education.\\nMost environmental and/or public health inspectors are employed at the state or local (i.e. county or city) level, and each of these jurisdictions may require a slightly different level of education. The best location to find required qualifications is on that state’s department of health website. We’ll use New York State for our examples.\\nSearch for and go to the state’s department of health website. On the health department’s website, look or search for the careers section.\\nLook or search for careers in any inspector positions. Each state and local authority may name the position slightly differently, but it will usually always include the word inspector.\\nReview the specific educational qualifications required by that department of health. In the case of New York State, public health inspectors need an associate’s degree OR 60 credit hours of post-secondary education. Twelve credit hours of either qualification must be in the natural sciences (i.e. biology, chemistry, physics, etc.).\\n1-2. Complete a public health internship.\\nVarious health departments at the state and county/city level offer internships for post-secondary students. These internships are highly valued by future employers and you should apply for internships as often as you have time available.\\nNormally these internships are only open to students and not recent graduates.\\nMany of these internships are unpaid, so you’ll need to obtain funding via another source, or budget for being a volunteer instead of employed.\\n1-3. Determine and fulfill state-specific employment policies.\\nSome states have specific rules, based on their laws and statutes, that all civil service employees must follow. In most cases, the state rules will apply at the local level as well.\\nNew York State requires all civil service employees to take an examination based on the type of position being applied to. You can register and pay for examinations in New York State via their online portal. Examinations are then held periodically throughout the year at locations throughout the state.\\nOnce you’ve completed the examination, you will provided with your score and your name will be put on an eligibility list that can be shared with the appropriate state departments. As vacancies arise, you may be considered for the position based on your score and ranking compared to other candidates.\\n1-4. Prepare for and attend employment interviews.\\nEven if you have a high score on your examination and are at the top of the list, it does not guarantee you a job. You will also need to show your potential employer you’re the perfect candidate for the position. Review any potential interview questions you may receive and practice your responses.\\nMake sure you bring at least two printed copies of your resume with you to the interview. One to give to the interviewer, if required, and the other for you to reference while answering questions.\\nReview the employer’s website and ensure you know the proper attire to wear for the interview. When it doubt, assume business formal attire.\\nPractice your interview with a friend or career professional. This can include the career center at your post-secondary institution. Career centers may also offer seminars on interviewing skills which may be helpful.\\n1-5. Decide if you’re going to pursue certification.\\nProfessional certification is not required for environmental and/or public health inspectors in the United States. Some jurisdictions, however, may require certification for some inspector positions. If certifications are not required, it is nevertheless a beneficial qualification to have on your resume.\\nThe National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) offers certifications in a variety of environmental health professions, including the Certified Environmental Health Technician (CEHT) and Registered Environmental Health Specialist / Registered Sanitarian (REHS/RS).\\nDifferent levels of certification require different levels of education. If you’re considering certification, make sure to apply for certification at the highest possible level that your education and/or experience will allow.\\n2. Becoming an Occupational Health and Safety Inspector\\n2-1. Obtain the appropriate level of education.\\nThe Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) identifies two levels of Occupational Health and Safety professionals - a Technician and a Specialist. Technicians tend to work for Specialists, which means Technicians tend to have a lower level of educational requirements than Specialists. Technicians may require only a high school diploma, whereas Specialists require at least a bachelor’s degree.\\nSome post-secondary institutions in the United States offer specific Occupational Health and Safety majors, certificates or degrees. These degrees will usually be a requirement of certification.\\n2-2. Decide if you’d rather work for a public or private organization.\\nIn the United States, all employers must abide by the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) which requires them to provide a safe working environment for all employees. Many private organizations employee Occupational Health and Safety professionals to ensure their organization meets all legal requirements. While the government organization - Occupational Safety and Health Administration - enforces the law, inspects workplaces and investigates incidents.\\n2-3. Review specific role requirements.\\nEvery organization who hires an Occupational Health and Safety professional will have different employment requirements. Some of these requirements may be based on the level of the job within the organization (i.e. the higher the job, the higher the qualifications).\\nIf you want to work for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration directly, you can access all job postings on the federal USAJOBS website. Use the advanced search on the website to look specifically for jobs at OSHA. Remember that not all positions will be called inspector, so try not to limit your search by using the word inspector.\\nTo find Occupational Health and Safety jobs at a private organization you can use either a generic job search website (i.e. Monster, etc.) or go directly to the organization’s career website.\\n2-4. Decide if you’re going to pursue certification.\\nCertification, in general, is not required to become an Occupational Health and Safety professional, but it certainly doesn’t hurt. Some specific organizations may require certification, so obtaining one will increase the number of positions you’re eligible for.\\nThe Board of Certified Safety Professionals (BCSP) offers a number of different certifications. The BCSP also offer a Career Paths in Safety PDF that walks you through the different types of certifications and their requirements.\\nThe Institute for Safety and Health Management (ISHM) offers a number of certifications for professionals at the management level.\\nThe American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH) offers two types of certification. Industrial hygiene is another term for Occupational Health and Safety.\\n2-5. Apply to the jobs you’re interested in.\\nCareer experts have no magic number of jobs to apply to during a job search, but you should try to be logical. Make sure you take the time to do your job search properly - don’t rush. Take advantage of expert advice from career centers and reputable career websites. Make sure your application stands out from the crowd. And don’t sell yourself short by making compromises.\\nDon’t limit your applications to positions you’re 100% qualified for. You may have other skills and abilities that make up for the lack of specific qualifications in other areas.\\nThe majority of available jobs aren’t actually posted on job websites, or advertised at all. This is referred to as the closed job market and it can usually only be accessed by networking.\\nYour cover letter is one of the most important parts of your application. Don’t use a form letter. Make sure you use keywords directly from the job posting.\\n2-6. Prepare for and attend employment interviews.\\nOnce you’ve submitted your application you may be short-listed for an interview. The interview is your chance to show your potential employer you’re the perfect candidate for the position. Review any potential interview questions you may receive and practice your responses.\\nMake sure you bring at least two printed copies of your resume with you to the interview. One to give to the interviewer, if required, and the other for you to reference while answering questions.\\nReview the employer’s website and ensure you know the proper attire to wear for the interview. When it doubt, assume business formal attire.\\nPractice your interview with a friend or career professional. This can include the career center at your post-secondary institution. Career centers may also offer seminars on interviewing skills which may be helpful.\\n3. Becoming an Agricultural and/or Food Safety Inspector\\n3-1. Obtain the appropriate level of education.\\nThe Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indicates that some Agriculture and Food Safety Technicians may obtain a position without a post-secondary degree, but as an alternative it would require previous experience instead. For this type of inspector, an education that has focused on biology, animal sciences, food sciences, or something similar are the best options.\\nMany post-secondary institutions offer science degrees that may have specialties in agriculture and/or food-related topics at the undergrad level. Degrees that are specifically in agriculture and food safety tend to be at the graduate level.\\n3-2. Decide if you’d rather work for a public or private organization.\\nIn the United States, the Department of Agriculture employs inspectors through their Food Safety and Inspection Service and through their Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) employs Food Safety professionals in their Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. In the private sector many agricultural organizations and food producers employ agriculture or food safety professionals to inspect and assess crops, animals and output.\\n3-3. Review specific role requirements.\\nAgriculture and/or Food Safety professionals usually focus on a specialty of some kind, such as carbon management, microbiology, consumer safety, and import. Each specialty may require slightly different qualifications that you need to be aware of before deciding which roles you wish to apply to.\\nThe Department of Agriculture requires that inspectors pass a written test in order to qualify for an entry-level position.\\n3-4. Decide if you’re going to pursue certification.\\nCertification is not required for Agriculture and/or Food Safety professionals, but some organizations may require certification for certain inspector positions. If not required, becoming certified will definitely help your job prospects.\\nThe American Society of Agronomy offers certifications in a variety of specific agricultural disciplines.\\nThe Soil Science Society of America offers certifications specifically for the soil science specialty.\\nThe American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists (ARPAS) offers certifications specifically in animals sciences.\\nThe Institute for Food Technologists (IFT) offers different levels of membership that are very similar to certifications.\\n3-5. Apply to the jobs you’re interested in.\\nCareer experts have no magic number of jobs to apply to during a job search, but you should try to be logical. Make sure you take the time to do your job search properly - don’t rush. Take advantage of expert advice from career centers and reputable career websites. Make sure your application stands out from the crowd. And don’t sell yourself short by making compromises.\\nPostings for Agriculture and/or Food Safety positions at the federal government level can all be found on the USAJOBS career website.\\nDon’t limit your applications to positions you’re 100% qualified for. You may have other skills and abilities that make up for the lack of specific qualifications in other areas.\\nThe majority of available jobs aren’t actually posted on job websites, or advertised at all. This is referred to as the closed job market and it can usually only be accessed by networking.\\nYour cover letter is one of the most important parts of your application. Don’t use a form letter. Make sure you use keywords directly from the job posting.\\n3-6. Prepare for and attend employment interviews.\\nOnce you’ve submitted your application you may be short-listed for an interview. The interview if your chance to show your potential employer you’re the perfect candidate for the position. Review any potential interview questions you may receive and practice your responses.\\nMake sure you bring at least two printed copies of your resume with you to the interview. One to give to the interviewer, if required, and the other for you to reference while answering questions.\\nReview the employer’s website and ensure you know the proper attire to wear for the interview. When it doubt, assume business formal attire.\\nPractice your interview with a friend or career professional. This can include the career center at your post-secondary institution. Career centers may also offer seminars on interviewing skills which may be helpful.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The term health inspector is a generic title that could refer to a number of different types of inspectors, such as: public health inspectors, environmental health inspectors, occupational health and safety inspectors, agricultural and food safety inspectors, animal and plant health inspectors, and mine health and safety inspector. Health inspectors can also work at the federal, state and local level for both governments and private industry.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Becoming an Environmental/Public Health Inspector\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain the appropriate level of education.\", \"描述\": \"Most environmental and/or public health inspectors are employed at the state or local (i.e. county or city) level, and each of these jurisdictions may require a slightly different level of education. The best location to find required qualifications is on that state’s department of health website. We’ll use New York State for our examples.\\nSearch for and go to the state’s department of health website. On the health department’s website, look or search for the careers section.\\nLook or search for careers in any inspector positions. Each state and local authority may name the position slightly differently, but it will usually always include the word inspector.\\nReview the specific educational qualifications required by that department of health. In the case of New York State, public health inspectors need an associate’s degree OR 60 credit hours of post-secondary education. Twelve credit hours of either qualification must be in the natural sciences (i.e. biology, chemistry, physics, etc.).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete a public health internship.\", \"描述\": \"Various health departments at the state and county/city level offer internships for post-secondary students. These internships are highly valued by future employers and you should apply for internships as often as you have time available.\\nNormally these internships are only open to students and not recent graduates.\\nMany of these internships are unpaid, so you’ll need to obtain funding via another source, or budget for being a volunteer instead of employed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Determine and fulfill state-specific employment policies.\", \"描述\": \"Some states have specific rules, based on their laws and statutes, that all civil service employees must follow. In most cases, the state rules will apply at the local level as well.\\nNew York State requires all civil service employees to take an examination based on the type of position being applied to. You can register and pay for examinations in New York State via their online portal. Examinations are then held periodically throughout the year at locations throughout the state.\\nOnce you’ve completed the examination, you will provided with your score and your name will be put on an eligibility list that can be shared with the appropriate state departments. As vacancies arise, you may be considered for the position based on your score and ranking compared to other candidates.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Prepare for and attend employment interviews.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you have a high score on your examination and are at the top of the list, it does not guarantee you a job. You will also need to show your potential employer you’re the perfect candidate for the position. Review any potential interview questions you may receive and practice your responses.\\nMake sure you bring at least two printed copies of your resume with you to the interview. One to give to the interviewer, if required, and the other for you to reference while answering questions.\\nReview the employer’s website and ensure you know the proper attire to wear for the interview. When it doubt, assume business formal attire.\\nPractice your interview with a friend or career professional. This can include the career center at your post-secondary institution. Career centers may also offer seminars on interviewing skills which may be helpful.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Decide if you’re going to pursue certification.\", \"描述\": \"Professional certification is not required for environmental and/or public health inspectors in the United States. Some jurisdictions, however, may require certification for some inspector positions. If certifications are not required, it is nevertheless a beneficial qualification to have on your resume.\\nThe National Environmental Health Association (NEHA) offers certifications in a variety of environmental health professions, including the Certified Environmental Health Technician (CEHT) and Registered Environmental Health Specialist / Registered Sanitarian (REHS/RS).\\nDifferent levels of certification require different levels of education. If you’re considering certification, make sure to apply for certification at the highest possible level that your education and/or experience will allow.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Becoming an Occupational Health and Safety Inspector\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain the appropriate level of education.\", \"描述\": \"The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) identifies two levels of Occupational Health and Safety professionals - a Technician and a Specialist. Technicians tend to work for Specialists, which means Technicians tend to have a lower level of educational requirements than Specialists. Technicians may require only a high school diploma, whereas Specialists require at least a bachelor’s degree.\\nSome post-secondary institutions in the United States offer specific Occupational Health and Safety majors, certificates or degrees. These degrees will usually be a requirement of certification.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide if you’d rather work for a public or private organization.\", \"描述\": \"In the United States, all employers must abide by the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) which requires them to provide a safe working environment for all employees. Many private organizations employee Occupational Health and Safety professionals to ensure their organization meets all legal requirements. While the government organization - Occupational Safety and Health Administration - enforces the law, inspects workplaces and investigates incidents.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Review specific role requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Every organization who hires an Occupational Health and Safety professional will have different employment requirements. Some of these requirements may be based on the level of the job within the organization (i.e. the higher the job, the higher the qualifications).\\nIf you want to work for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration directly, you can access all job postings on the federal USAJOBS website. Use the advanced search on the website to look specifically for jobs at OSHA. Remember that not all positions will be called inspector, so try not to limit your search by using the word inspector.\\nTo find Occupational Health and Safety jobs at a private organization you can use either a generic job search website (i.e. Monster, etc.) or go directly to the organization’s career website.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Decide if you’re going to pursue certification.\", \"描述\": \"Certification, in general, is not required to become an Occupational Health and Safety professional, but it certainly doesn’t hurt. Some specific organizations may require certification, so obtaining one will increase the number of positions you’re eligible for.\\nThe Board of Certified Safety Professionals (BCSP) offers a number of different certifications. The BCSP also offer a Career Paths in Safety PDF that walks you through the different types of certifications and their requirements.\\nThe Institute for Safety and Health Management (ISHM) offers a number of certifications for professionals at the management level.\\nThe American Board of Industrial Hygiene (ABIH) offers two types of certification. Industrial hygiene is another term for Occupational Health and Safety.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply to the jobs you’re interested in.\", \"描述\": \"Career experts have no magic number of jobs to apply to during a job search, but you should try to be logical. Make sure you take the time to do your job search properly - don’t rush. Take advantage of expert advice from career centers and reputable career websites. Make sure your application stands out from the crowd. And don’t sell yourself short by making compromises.\\nDon’t limit your applications to positions you’re 100% qualified for. You may have other skills and abilities that make up for the lack of specific qualifications in other areas.\\nThe majority of available jobs aren’t actually posted on job websites, or advertised at all. This is referred to as the closed job market and it can usually only be accessed by networking.\\nYour cover letter is one of the most important parts of your application. Don’t use a form letter. Make sure you use keywords directly from the job posting.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Prepare for and attend employment interviews.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve submitted your application you may be short-listed for an interview. The interview is your chance to show your potential employer you’re the perfect candidate for the position. Review any potential interview questions you may receive and practice your responses.\\nMake sure you bring at least two printed copies of your resume with you to the interview. One to give to the interviewer, if required, and the other for you to reference while answering questions.\\nReview the employer’s website and ensure you know the proper attire to wear for the interview. When it doubt, assume business formal attire.\\nPractice your interview with a friend or career professional. This can include the career center at your post-secondary institution. Career centers may also offer seminars on interviewing skills which may be helpful.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Becoming an Agricultural and/or Food Safety Inspector\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain the appropriate level of education.\", \"描述\": \"The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indicates that some Agriculture and Food Safety Technicians may obtain a position without a post-secondary degree, but as an alternative it would require previous experience instead. For this type of inspector, an education that has focused on biology, animal sciences, food sciences, or something similar are the best options.\\nMany post-secondary institutions offer science degrees that may have specialties in agriculture and/or food-related topics at the undergrad level. Degrees that are specifically in agriculture and food safety tend to be at the graduate level.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide if you’d rather work for a public or private organization.\", \"描述\": \"In the United States, the Department of Agriculture employs inspectors through their Food Safety and Inspection Service and through their Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) employs Food Safety professionals in their Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. In the private sector many agricultural organizations and food producers employ agriculture or food safety professionals to inspect and assess crops, animals and output.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Review specific role requirements.\", \"描述\": \"Agriculture and/or Food Safety professionals usually focus on a specialty of some kind, such as carbon management, microbiology, consumer safety, and import. Each specialty may require slightly different qualifications that you need to be aware of before deciding which roles you wish to apply to.\\nThe Department of Agriculture requires that inspectors pass a written test in order to qualify for an entry-level position.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Decide if you’re going to pursue certification.\", \"描述\": \"Certification is not required for Agriculture and/or Food Safety professionals, but some organizations may require certification for certain inspector positions. If not required, becoming certified will definitely help your job prospects.\\nThe American Society of Agronomy offers certifications in a variety of specific agricultural disciplines.\\nThe Soil Science Society of America offers certifications specifically for the soil science specialty.\\nThe American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists (ARPAS) offers certifications specifically in animals sciences.\\nThe Institute for Food Technologists (IFT) offers different levels of membership that are very similar to certifications.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply to the jobs you’re interested in.\", \"描述\": \"Career experts have no magic number of jobs to apply to during a job search, but you should try to be logical. Make sure you take the time to do your job search properly - don’t rush. Take advantage of expert advice from career centers and reputable career websites. Make sure your application stands out from the crowd. And don’t sell yourself short by making compromises.\\nPostings for Agriculture and/or Food Safety positions at the federal government level can all be found on the USAJOBS career website.\\nDon’t limit your applications to positions you’re 100% qualified for. You may have other skills and abilities that make up for the lack of specific qualifications in other areas.\\nThe majority of available jobs aren’t actually posted on job websites, or advertised at all. This is referred to as the closed job market and it can usually only be accessed by networking.\\nYour cover letter is one of the most important parts of your application. Don’t use a form letter. Make sure you use keywords directly from the job posting.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Prepare for and attend employment interviews.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve submitted your application you may be short-listed for an interview. The interview if your chance to show your potential employer you’re the perfect candidate for the position. Review any potential interview questions you may receive and practice your responses.\\nMake sure you bring at least two printed copies of your resume with you to the interview. One to give to the interviewer, if required, and the other for you to reference while answering questions.\\nReview the employer’s website and ensure you know the proper attire to wear for the interview. When it doubt, assume business formal attire.\\nPractice your interview with a friend or career professional. This can include the career center at your post-secondary institution. Career centers may also offer seminars on interviewing skills which may be helpful.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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Becoming a Heavy Equipment Operator: A Complete Guide
|
1. How to Become a Heavy Equipment Operator
1-1. Graduate from high school or get your GED.
To sign up for an operator training program, you have to be at least 18 years old and have a high school diploma (or GED). If you’re in high school right now, consider taking a few courses that will give you a head start in the field, like shop and auto technology.
It's illegal for anyone under 18 to operate heavy machinery.
1-2. Complete heavy equipment training.
You don’t need any work-related experience to get started with your training. As for the training itself, you have 2 main options or pathways to choose from. Regardless of the path you choose, you'll learn how to maintain equipment, operate machinery, and use equipment-related technology during your training.
This is a great choice if you’re ready to jump right in and earn money at the same time. The program takes 3-4 years total and the training is provided free of charge through the union. During the first 3 years, you’ll earn 45-60% of a full journeyman’s wage. During the last year, you’ll earn closer to 80-90%. Use this handy tool to find an apprenticeship near you.
Training at a school usually involves up to 8 weeks of class-based learning before you start getting hands-on training with an actual company (during which time you’ll be paid, similar to an apprenticeship). To find a school near you, just search “heavy equipment operator school + your city or state.”
1-3. Get certified as a heavy equipment operator.
Licensing and certification requirements vary by state, but chances are you’ll need to get certified to operate at least one piece of heavy machinery to become a professional journeyman. Once your apprenticeship or training program is drawing to an end, your mentors or instructors will guide you on what to do next.
If you’re doing an apprenticeship, the union will sign you up to get the certifications you need.
If you're attending an operating school, the program will help you set up the necessary certifications. To get certified, you'll need to prove that you've mastered the skills from your coursework.
You may also need a commercial driver’s license (CDL) so you can haul equipment to various job sites.
1-4. Get a full-time job as a heavy equipment journeyman.
If you get your training through an apprenticeship, you’ll most likely get hired on to work for that specific company. You’ll be fully certified, though, so technically you could work for a different company if you wanted to. After you finish a school training program and obtain your license(s), the program will help you find full-time work or place you with a specific company for your first journeyman job.
Technology is always changing and evolving, so you’ll need to get additional training and learn new skills over time. Your employer will ensure you stay current with the required knowledge for your operator position.
2. What other basic skills do I need to become an operator?
Hand-eye-foot coordination is a crucial skill.
You’ll learn the most important specialized skills during your training, but there are a few innate skills that will serve you well on your journey as an operator. These basic skills include:
Physical stamina and strength
Troubleshooting abilities
Interpersonal communication
Equipment maintenance
Hand-eye-foot coordination
Ability to work at great heights
3. What heavy machinery can I learn to operate?
3-1. Tower crane:
A tower crane is a type of lifting structure with a tall mast or tower that suspends and moves large loads, like shipping containers and steel beams. Operating a tower crane is exciting, but you'll need to be comfortable working from great heights to master this machine.
3-2. Bulldozer:
Bulldozers use massive blades and other attachments to gouge out, level, and move materials on construction sites and other large-scale projects. An operator is responsible for moving the bulldozer in an efficient way while ensuring the safety of other workers onsite.
3-3. Dump truck:
Dump truck operators are responsible for moving large amounts of material around construction sites and demolition projects. Dump trucks are needed on pretty much any type of large scale construction project, so operating one is an important job. You'll need a commercial driver's license (CDL) to operate a dump truck.
3-4. Backhoe:
If you've never seen a backhoe, it's the machine with a large bucket mounted on a flexible arm crane. A backhoe operator usually works on construction sites and completes crucial tasks like excavating dirt and loading or moving building materials.
3-5. Skid:
Skid-steer operators drive compact industrial machines (like Bobcats) around construction or agricultural sites. They're responsible for creating holes, digging trenches, and moving large objects around in a safe and efficient manner.
3-6. Derrick:
Derrick operators are typically employed by oil and gas companies. They're responsible for using derrick equipment on oil rigs to drill holes and circulate mud or fluid. The states with the highest demand for derrick operators include Texas, New Mexico, Louisiana, Colorado, and Kansas.
4. What is the average salary for a heavy equipment operator?
The average median salary for an operator is $48,290 per year.
Wages usually vary by state and employer, but you can expect to earn close to 50K a year as a skilled journeyman. Heavy equipment operators are in demand and will continue to be into the foreseeable future, so going into this field is a smart and stable choice in the long-term.
Every year about 50,800 new positions open up for equipment operators.
Salaries are pretty similar for the different heavy machines, but crane operator jobs are usually the highest paying positions. The average salary for tower crane operators is about $65K per year.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. How to Become a Heavy Equipment Operator\\n1-1. Graduate from high school or get your GED.\\nTo sign up for an operator training program, you have to be at least 18 years old and have a high school diploma (or GED). If you’re in high school right now, consider taking a few courses that will give you a head start in the field, like shop and auto technology.\\nIt's illegal for anyone under 18 to operate heavy machinery.\\n1-2. Complete heavy equipment training.\\nYou don’t need any work-related experience to get started with your training. As for the training itself, you have 2 main options or pathways to choose from. Regardless of the path you choose, you'll learn how to maintain equipment, operate machinery, and use equipment-related technology during your training.\\n\\n This is a great choice if you’re ready to jump right in and earn money at the same time. The program takes 3-4 years total and the training is provided free of charge through the union. During the first 3 years, you’ll earn 45-60% of a full journeyman’s wage. During the last year, you’ll earn closer to 80-90%. Use this handy tool to find an apprenticeship near you.\\n Training at a school usually involves up to 8 weeks of class-based learning before you start getting hands-on training with an actual company (during which time you’ll be paid, similar to an apprenticeship). To find a school near you, just search “heavy equipment operator school + your city or state.”\\n1-3. Get certified as a heavy equipment operator.\\nLicensing and certification requirements vary by state, but chances are you’ll need to get certified to operate at least one piece of heavy machinery to become a professional journeyman. Once your apprenticeship or training program is drawing to an end, your mentors or instructors will guide you on what to do next.\\nIf you’re doing an apprenticeship, the union will sign you up to get the certifications you need.\\nIf you're attending an operating school, the program will help you set up the necessary certifications. To get certified, you'll need to prove that you've mastered the skills from your coursework.\\nYou may also need a commercial driver’s license (CDL) so you can haul equipment to various job sites.\\n1-4. Get a full-time job as a heavy equipment journeyman.\\nIf you get your training through an apprenticeship, you’ll most likely get hired on to work for that specific company. You’ll be fully certified, though, so technically you could work for a different company if you wanted to. After you finish a school training program and obtain your license(s), the program will help you find full-time work or place you with a specific company for your first journeyman job.\\nTechnology is always changing and evolving, so you’ll need to get additional training and learn new skills over time. Your employer will ensure you stay current with the required knowledge for your operator position.\\n2. What other basic skills do I need to become an operator?\\nHand-eye-foot coordination is a crucial skill.\\nYou’ll learn the most important specialized skills during your training, but there are a few innate skills that will serve you well on your journey as an operator. These basic skills include:\\nPhysical stamina and strength\\nTroubleshooting abilities\\nInterpersonal communication\\nEquipment maintenance\\nHand-eye-foot coordination\\nAbility to work at great heights\\n3. What heavy machinery can I learn to operate?\\n3-1. Tower crane:\\nA tower crane is a type of lifting structure with a tall mast or tower that suspends and moves large loads, like shipping containers and steel beams. Operating a tower crane is exciting, but you'll need to be comfortable working from great heights to master this machine.\\n3-2. Bulldozer:\\nBulldozers use massive blades and other attachments to gouge out, level, and move materials on construction sites and other large-scale projects. An operator is responsible for moving the bulldozer in an efficient way while ensuring the safety of other workers onsite.\\n3-3. Dump truck:\\nDump truck operators are responsible for moving large amounts of material around construction sites and demolition projects. Dump trucks are needed on pretty much any type of large scale construction project, so operating one is an important job. You'll need a commercial driver's license (CDL) to operate a dump truck.\\n3-4. Backhoe:\\nIf you've never seen a backhoe, it's the machine with a large bucket mounted on a flexible arm crane. A backhoe operator usually works on construction sites and completes crucial tasks like excavating dirt and loading or moving building materials.\\n3-5. Skid:\\nSkid-steer operators drive compact industrial machines (like Bobcats) around construction or agricultural sites. They're responsible for creating holes, digging trenches, and moving large objects around in a safe and efficient manner.\\n3-6. Derrick:\\nDerrick operators are typically employed by oil and gas companies. They're responsible for using derrick equipment on oil rigs to drill holes and circulate mud or fluid. The states with the highest demand for derrick operators include Texas, New Mexico, Louisiana, Colorado, and Kansas.\\n4. What is the average salary for a heavy equipment operator?\\nThe average median salary for an operator is $48,290 per year.\\nWages usually vary by state and employer, but you can expect to earn close to 50K a year as a skilled journeyman. Heavy equipment operators are in demand and will continue to be into the foreseeable future, so going into this field is a smart and stable choice in the long-term.\\nEvery year about 50,800 new positions open up for equipment operators.\\nSalaries are pretty similar for the different heavy machines, but crane operator jobs are usually the highest paying positions. The average salary for tower crane operators is about $65K per year.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A career as a heavy equipment operator can provide stability, a great salary, excitement, and many growth opportunities for you. Sound like a perfect fit? If you want to learn how to get started with this career, you've come to the right place. In this article, we'll explain the skills, training, and experience you need to land the operator job of your dreams. We'll also talk about average salaries, operator demand, and the different types of machinery you can specialize in. If you're ready to take your first step on this career path, scroll down!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"How to Become a Heavy Equipment Operator\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Graduate from high school or get your GED.\", \"描述\": \"To sign up for an operator training program, you have to be at least 18 years old and have a high school diploma (or GED). If you’re in high school right now, consider taking a few courses that will give you a head start in the field, like shop and auto technology.\\nIt's illegal for anyone under 18 to operate heavy machinery.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete heavy equipment training.\", \"描述\": \"You don’t need any work-related experience to get started with your training. As for the training itself, you have 2 main options or pathways to choose from. Regardless of the path you choose, you'll learn how to maintain equipment, operate machinery, and use equipment-related technology during your training.\\n\\n This is a great choice if you’re ready to jump right in and earn money at the same time. The program takes 3-4 years total and the training is provided free of charge through the union. During the first 3 years, you’ll earn 45-60% of a full journeyman’s wage. During the last year, you’ll earn closer to 80-90%. Use this handy tool to find an apprenticeship near you.\\n Training at a school usually involves up to 8 weeks of class-based learning before you start getting hands-on training with an actual company (during which time you’ll be paid, similar to an apprenticeship). To find a school near you, just search “heavy equipment operator school + your city or state.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get certified as a heavy equipment operator.\", \"描述\": \"Licensing and certification requirements vary by state, but chances are you’ll need to get certified to operate at least one piece of heavy machinery to become a professional journeyman. Once your apprenticeship or training program is drawing to an end, your mentors or instructors will guide you on what to do next.\\nIf you’re doing an apprenticeship, the union will sign you up to get the certifications you need.\\nIf you're attending an operating school, the program will help you set up the necessary certifications. To get certified, you'll need to prove that you've mastered the skills from your coursework.\\nYou may also need a commercial driver’s license (CDL) so you can haul equipment to various job sites.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a full-time job as a heavy equipment journeyman.\", \"描述\": \"If you get your training through an apprenticeship, you’ll most likely get hired on to work for that specific company. You’ll be fully certified, though, so technically you could work for a different company if you wanted to. After you finish a school training program and obtain your license(s), the program will help you find full-time work or place you with a specific company for your first journeyman job.\\nTechnology is always changing and evolving, so you’ll need to get additional training and learn new skills over time. Your employer will ensure you stay current with the required knowledge for your operator position.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"What other basic skills do I need to become an operator?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Hand-eye-foot coordination is a crucial skill.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll learn the most important specialized skills during your training, but there are a few innate skills that will serve you well on your journey as an operator. These basic skills include:\\nPhysical stamina and strength\\nTroubleshooting abilities\\nInterpersonal communication\\nEquipment maintenance\\nHand-eye-foot coordination\\nAbility to work at great heights\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"What heavy machinery can I learn to operate?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tower crane:\", \"描述\": \"A tower crane is a type of lifting structure with a tall mast or tower that suspends and moves large loads, like shipping containers and steel beams. Operating a tower crane is exciting, but you'll need to be comfortable working from great heights to master this machine.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Bulldozer:\", \"描述\": \"Bulldozers use massive blades and other attachments to gouge out, level, and move materials on construction sites and other large-scale projects. An operator is responsible for moving the bulldozer in an efficient way while ensuring the safety of other workers onsite.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Dump truck:\", \"描述\": \"Dump truck operators are responsible for moving large amounts of material around construction sites and demolition projects. Dump trucks are needed on pretty much any type of large scale construction project, so operating one is an important job. You'll need a commercial driver's license (CDL) to operate a dump truck.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Backhoe:\", \"描述\": \"If you've never seen a backhoe, it's the machine with a large bucket mounted on a flexible arm crane. A backhoe operator usually works on construction sites and completes crucial tasks like excavating dirt and loading or moving building materials.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Skid:\", \"描述\": \"Skid-steer operators drive compact industrial machines (like Bobcats) around construction or agricultural sites. They're responsible for creating holes, digging trenches, and moving large objects around in a safe and efficient manner.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Derrick:\", \"描述\": \"Derrick operators are typically employed by oil and gas companies. They're responsible for using derrick equipment on oil rigs to drill holes and circulate mud or fluid. The states with the highest demand for derrick operators include Texas, New Mexico, Louisiana, Colorado, and Kansas.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"What is the average salary for a heavy equipment operator?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The average median salary for an operator is $48,290 per year.\", \"描述\": \"Wages usually vary by state and employer, but you can expect to earn close to 50K a year as a skilled journeyman. Heavy equipment operators are in demand and will continue to be into the foreseeable future, so going into this field is a smart and stable choice in the long-term.\\nEvery year about 50,800 new positions open up for equipment operators.\\nSalaries are pretty similar for the different heavy machines, but crane operator jobs are usually the highest paying positions. The average salary for tower crane operators is about $65K per year.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,439 |
How to Become a Helicopter Pilot
|
1. Getting Qualified
1-1. Turn 16.
You need to be at least 16 years old to obtain a private helicopter license. You need a private helicopter license before you can get a commercial helicopter license. Once you have your private helicopter license, you'll need to be at least 17 to obtain your commercial helicopter license.
1-2. Visit the doctor.
All pilots have to pass a medical exam provided by an FAA approved physician. You can be disqualified if you have any health problems that might imply the risk of lapses in consciousness. These could include heart problems, psychological disorders, or a history of drug abuse. Your hearing and vision will also be checked, as well as your ability to perceive color.
Students with poor color vision may be prevented from becoming pilots. Pilots need to distinguish colors in order to understand light-signals when operating a helicopter. If you think you may have poor color vision, ask your optometrist to administer a test before you begin pursuing a career as a pilot.
If you are worried about being disqualified for any of these conditions, talk to an FAA approved medical examiner about your concerns.
Find an FAA approved medical examiner on the FAA website.
1-3. Study up.
You do not need to graduate from college to fly a helicopter, but having a degree can make it a lot easier to find a job. Most employers require you to have at least an associate's degree, and prefer a bachelor's. If you know you want to fly helicopters for a living, consider going to college for math, physics, or aeronautical engineering.
Helicopter pilots need to know algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. There will be math questions on the test, and you will need especially good math skills to fly commercially.
You can take math classes at your flight school or aeronautical college. You can also study with books and study guides: look for guides written specifically for pilots.
1-4. Save or take out a loan.
Getting civilian training is expensive. Flight schools will require you to provide some proof of funds before you are admitted. You can expect to pay $10,000-$15,000 for the training it will take to pass the helicopter pilot certification exams, plus $18,000-20,000 for commercial certification. Flight time with an instructor costs approximately $200 an hour. For time flying solo, you might pay around $160. The tests themselves must be taken through an FAA approved testing company. The written exams will run you between $200 to $300. The flight exams cost roughly $500.
If you choose to take out a loan, you might want to look into a Career Training Loan.
If you are already a pilot with a fixed wing license, you can apply for a rotorcraft add-on license, and you will not be required to fly as many hours to qualify for it.
There are few scholarships available for students of rotorcraft. There is a non-profit called Whirly-Girls that provides women who have already gotten their private pilot certification with scholarships to help them achieve a commercial private pilot certification.
1-5. Pick the flight school that's right for you.
You can find flight schools with a standardized curriculum listed on the FAA website. Before you choose, ask yourself where you want to be employed as a helicopter pilot in the future. If you want to fly in a mountainous area, you will get more practice if you go to a flight school in a mountainous area. Opt for schools that can boast of a high graduation rate and good job placement for graduates.
To be admitted, you will need to have passed your medical examination. You will also need proof of funds and a high school degree or equivalent.
Prospective rotorcraft students whose first language is not English must pass the TOEFL exam.
Consider attending a college or a university that offers an aviation program. That way, you can get your associate's or bachelor's degree at the same time that you obtain your helicopter licenses.
2. Becoming a Pilot
2-1. Get your flight experience.
In flight school, you will learn all the controls and maneuvers used to fly and land a helicopter. You will use simulators at first, then fly helicopters with an instructor. Before qualifying for your private license, you will do at least three hours of dual cross-country flying, three hours of dual nighttime flying, and three hours of solo cross-country flying. You will perform one 75-nautical mile cross-country flight, and perform three solo takeoffs and landings.
Dual flight time happens when you are flying the helicopter accompanied by your instructor. Solo flight time is when you are the sole occupant of the helicopter, though you may receive radio communications from your instructor on the ground. You will not begin flying solo until your flight instructor thinks you are ready.
Your first solo flight is a milestone of your training. Pilots call it "soloing."
2-2. Take your private license exam.
Once you have amassed 40 hours of flight experience, including at least 10 hours as PIC, you can take your private license exam. You must score at least 70 percent to pass your written exam. This exam has 30-50 questions. Your flight exam will require you to answer questions and perform maneuvers you have learned in your flight lessons. If you fail a portion of it, you may be allowed to retake that part of the test.
Your exams will mostly be comprised of questions about rotorcraft and flying. You will be asked to identify functions of different parts of aircraft, quizzed on which moves to make during different crises, and asked to figure out simple points of procedure.
Study by taking the practice exams available at the FAA site.
2-3. Take your commercial license exam.
Once you have passed your private license exam, you must fly 150 solo hours before you qualify for your commercial helicopter license. If you are only interested in flying as a hobby, you do not have to get this license. If you are looking to work as a pilot, you will need to take the commercial license exam. This exam is similar to your private license exam, but includes an oral component and a check-ride.
During your exam your examiner will ask you to plan a flight. They will ask you follow up questions about conditions and procedure.
After or during this part of the exam, you will pilot a short flight with your examiner beside you. If you make an error, your examiner can choose to fail you, forcing you to take the entire test again, or pass you on the condition that you retake the section you failed. Once you have successfully demonstrated flying ability, flight knowledge, and good judgement, you will pass.
3. Getting a Job
3-1. Consider becoming a commercial flight instructor.
To get an introductory pilot job, you will likely be required to have between 500 to 1000 hours of experience piloting a helicopter. You will not have amassed that many hours in the process of obtaining your commercial rotorcraft license: that will only have taken you 150 hours. To become a flight instructor, however, you are only required to have 200 hours. You can earn the hours you need to land a pilot job, and get paid to do so, by flying as an instructor.
3-2. Pay for more hours.
Because most jobs require more hours of flight experience than you will accrue in flight school, you might have to pay for more hours. If you do not becoming a commercial flight instructor, you can expect to pay about 160 dollars an hour for solo flight time with a private instructor.
3-3. Prepare a resume.
Your helicopter pilot's resume will list your hours of flight as well as your education and work experience. Include the aircraft you are familiar with, and any awards you have achieved from your flight school or the FAA. Ask your flight school for help making a professional looking resume, or look for templates online.
3-4. Apply for work.
Some industries you might enter include offshore support, fire fighting, law enforcement, agriculture, pipeline and utility support, sightseeing, executive transport, fishing, logging, EMS (Emergency Medical Services), and search and rescue. Check the requirements for each job posting to make sure you know how many hours you'll need to have flown, and if there are any other qualifications you might need.
As soon as you graduate, ask your school if they are hiring, and to put you on a list of possible hires.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Qualified\\n1-1. Turn 16.\\nYou need to be at least 16 years old to obtain a private helicopter license. You need a private helicopter license before you can get a commercial helicopter license. Once you have your private helicopter license, you'll need to be at least 17 to obtain your commercial helicopter license.\\n1-2. Visit the doctor.\\nAll pilots have to pass a medical exam provided by an FAA approved physician. You can be disqualified if you have any health problems that might imply the risk of lapses in consciousness. These could include heart problems, psychological disorders, or a history of drug abuse. Your hearing and vision will also be checked, as well as your ability to perceive color.\\nStudents with poor color vision may be prevented from becoming pilots. Pilots need to distinguish colors in order to understand light-signals when operating a helicopter. If you think you may have poor color vision, ask your optometrist to administer a test before you begin pursuing a career as a pilot.\\nIf you are worried about being disqualified for any of these conditions, talk to an FAA approved medical examiner about your concerns.\\nFind an FAA approved medical examiner on the FAA website.\\n1-3. Study up.\\nYou do not need to graduate from college to fly a helicopter, but having a degree can make it a lot easier to find a job. Most employers require you to have at least an associate's degree, and prefer a bachelor's. If you know you want to fly helicopters for a living, consider going to college for math, physics, or aeronautical engineering.\\nHelicopter pilots need to know algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. There will be math questions on the test, and you will need especially good math skills to fly commercially.\\nYou can take math classes at your flight school or aeronautical college. You can also study with books and study guides: look for guides written specifically for pilots.\\n1-4. Save or take out a loan.\\nGetting civilian training is expensive. Flight schools will require you to provide some proof of funds before you are admitted. You can expect to pay $10,000-$15,000 for the training it will take to pass the helicopter pilot certification exams, plus $18,000-20,000 for commercial certification. Flight time with an instructor costs approximately $200 an hour. For time flying solo, you might pay around $160. The tests themselves must be taken through an FAA approved testing company. The written exams will run you between $200 to $300. The flight exams cost roughly $500.\\nIf you choose to take out a loan, you might want to look into a Career Training Loan.\\nIf you are already a pilot with a fixed wing license, you can apply for a rotorcraft add-on license, and you will not be required to fly as many hours to qualify for it.\\nThere are few scholarships available for students of rotorcraft. There is a non-profit called Whirly-Girls that provides women who have already gotten their private pilot certification with scholarships to help them achieve a commercial private pilot certification.\\n1-5. Pick the flight school that's right for you.\\nYou can find flight schools with a standardized curriculum listed on the FAA website. Before you choose, ask yourself where you want to be employed as a helicopter pilot in the future. If you want to fly in a mountainous area, you will get more practice if you go to a flight school in a mountainous area. Opt for schools that can boast of a high graduation rate and good job placement for graduates.\\nTo be admitted, you will need to have passed your medical examination. You will also need proof of funds and a high school degree or equivalent.\\nProspective rotorcraft students whose first language is not English must pass the TOEFL exam.\\nConsider attending a college or a university that offers an aviation program. That way, you can get your associate's or bachelor's degree at the same time that you obtain your helicopter licenses.\\n2. Becoming a Pilot\\n2-1. Get your flight experience.\\nIn flight school, you will learn all the controls and maneuvers used to fly and land a helicopter. You will use simulators at first, then fly helicopters with an instructor. Before qualifying for your private license, you will do at least three hours of dual cross-country flying, three hours of dual nighttime flying, and three hours of solo cross-country flying. You will perform one 75-nautical mile cross-country flight, and perform three solo takeoffs and landings.\\nDual flight time happens when you are flying the helicopter accompanied by your instructor. Solo flight time is when you are the sole occupant of the helicopter, though you may receive radio communications from your instructor on the ground. You will not begin flying solo until your flight instructor thinks you are ready.\\nYour first solo flight is a milestone of your training. Pilots call it \\\"soloing.\\\"\\n2-2. Take your private license exam.\\nOnce you have amassed 40 hours of flight experience, including at least 10 hours as PIC, you can take your private license exam. You must score at least 70 percent to pass your written exam. This exam has 30-50 questions. Your flight exam will require you to answer questions and perform maneuvers you have learned in your flight lessons. If you fail a portion of it, you may be allowed to retake that part of the test.\\nYour exams will mostly be comprised of questions about rotorcraft and flying. You will be asked to identify functions of different parts of aircraft, quizzed on which moves to make during different crises, and asked to figure out simple points of procedure.\\nStudy by taking the practice exams available at the FAA site.\\n2-3. Take your commercial license exam.\\nOnce you have passed your private license exam, you must fly 150 solo hours before you qualify for your commercial helicopter license. If you are only interested in flying as a hobby, you do not have to get this license. If you are looking to work as a pilot, you will need to take the commercial license exam. This exam is similar to your private license exam, but includes an oral component and a check-ride.\\nDuring your exam your examiner will ask you to plan a flight. They will ask you follow up questions about conditions and procedure.\\nAfter or during this part of the exam, you will pilot a short flight with your examiner beside you. If you make an error, your examiner can choose to fail you, forcing you to take the entire test again, or pass you on the condition that you retake the section you failed. Once you have successfully demonstrated flying ability, flight knowledge, and good judgement, you will pass.\\n3. Getting a Job\\n3-1. Consider becoming a commercial flight instructor.\\nTo get an introductory pilot job, you will likely be required to have between 500 to 1000 hours of experience piloting a helicopter. You will not have amassed that many hours in the process of obtaining your commercial rotorcraft license: that will only have taken you 150 hours. To become a flight instructor, however, you are only required to have 200 hours. You can earn the hours you need to land a pilot job, and get paid to do so, by flying as an instructor.\\n3-2. Pay for more hours.\\nBecause most jobs require more hours of flight experience than you will accrue in flight school, you might have to pay for more hours. If you do not becoming a commercial flight instructor, you can expect to pay about 160 dollars an hour for solo flight time with a private instructor.\\n3-3. Prepare a resume.\\nYour helicopter pilot's resume will list your hours of flight as well as your education and work experience. Include the aircraft you are familiar with, and any awards you have achieved from your flight school or the FAA. Ask your flight school for help making a professional looking resume, or look for templates online.\\n3-4. Apply for work.\\nSome industries you might enter include offshore support, fire fighting, law enforcement, agriculture, pipeline and utility support, sightseeing, executive transport, fishing, logging, EMS (Emergency Medical Services), and search and rescue. Check the requirements for each job posting to make sure you know how many hours you'll need to have flown, and if there are any other qualifications you might need. \\nAs soon as you graduate, ask your school if they are hiring, and to put you on a list of possible hires.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a civilian helicopter pilot in the United States is an expensive goal, but an achievable one. Everyone who wants to fly and is not receiving military training must earn a private helicopter license. If you would like to become a professional helicopter pilot, you will then go on to earn a commercial license. After that you will focus on logging hours in the air: the more you have, the more qualified you'll be.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Qualified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Turn 16.\", \"描述\": \"You need to be at least 16 years old to obtain a private helicopter license. You need a private helicopter license before you can get a commercial helicopter license. Once you have your private helicopter license, you'll need to be at least 17 to obtain your commercial helicopter license.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Visit the doctor.\", \"描述\": \"All pilots have to pass a medical exam provided by an FAA approved physician. You can be disqualified if you have any health problems that might imply the risk of lapses in consciousness. These could include heart problems, psychological disorders, or a history of drug abuse. Your hearing and vision will also be checked, as well as your ability to perceive color.\\nStudents with poor color vision may be prevented from becoming pilots. Pilots need to distinguish colors in order to understand light-signals when operating a helicopter. If you think you may have poor color vision, ask your optometrist to administer a test before you begin pursuing a career as a pilot.\\nIf you are worried about being disqualified for any of these conditions, talk to an FAA approved medical examiner about your concerns.\\nFind an FAA approved medical examiner on the FAA website.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Study up.\", \"描述\": \"You do not need to graduate from college to fly a helicopter, but having a degree can make it a lot easier to find a job. Most employers require you to have at least an associate's degree, and prefer a bachelor's. If you know you want to fly helicopters for a living, consider going to college for math, physics, or aeronautical engineering.\\nHelicopter pilots need to know algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. There will be math questions on the test, and you will need especially good math skills to fly commercially.\\nYou can take math classes at your flight school or aeronautical college. You can also study with books and study guides: look for guides written specifically for pilots.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Save or take out a loan.\", \"描述\": \"Getting civilian training is expensive. Flight schools will require you to provide some proof of funds before you are admitted. You can expect to pay $10,000-$15,000 for the training it will take to pass the helicopter pilot certification exams, plus $18,000-20,000 for commercial certification. Flight time with an instructor costs approximately $200 an hour. For time flying solo, you might pay around $160. The tests themselves must be taken through an FAA approved testing company. The written exams will run you between $200 to $300. The flight exams cost roughly $500.\\nIf you choose to take out a loan, you might want to look into a Career Training Loan.\\nIf you are already a pilot with a fixed wing license, you can apply for a rotorcraft add-on license, and you will not be required to fly as many hours to qualify for it.\\nThere are few scholarships available for students of rotorcraft. There is a non-profit called Whirly-Girls that provides women who have already gotten their private pilot certification with scholarships to help them achieve a commercial private pilot certification.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pick the flight school that's right for you.\", \"描述\": \"You can find flight schools with a standardized curriculum listed on the FAA website. Before you choose, ask yourself where you want to be employed as a helicopter pilot in the future. If you want to fly in a mountainous area, you will get more practice if you go to a flight school in a mountainous area. Opt for schools that can boast of a high graduation rate and good job placement for graduates.\\nTo be admitted, you will need to have passed your medical examination. You will also need proof of funds and a high school degree or equivalent.\\nProspective rotorcraft students whose first language is not English must pass the TOEFL exam.\\nConsider attending a college or a university that offers an aviation program. That way, you can get your associate's or bachelor's degree at the same time that you obtain your helicopter licenses.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Pilot\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get your flight experience.\", \"描述\": \"In flight school, you will learn all the controls and maneuvers used to fly and land a helicopter. You will use simulators at first, then fly helicopters with an instructor. Before qualifying for your private license, you will do at least three hours of dual cross-country flying, three hours of dual nighttime flying, and three hours of solo cross-country flying. You will perform one 75-nautical mile cross-country flight, and perform three solo takeoffs and landings.\\nDual flight time happens when you are flying the helicopter accompanied by your instructor. Solo flight time is when you are the sole occupant of the helicopter, though you may receive radio communications from your instructor on the ground. You will not begin flying solo until your flight instructor thinks you are ready.\\nYour first solo flight is a milestone of your training. Pilots call it \\\"soloing.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take your private license exam.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have amassed 40 hours of flight experience, including at least 10 hours as PIC, you can take your private license exam. You must score at least 70 percent to pass your written exam. This exam has 30-50 questions. Your flight exam will require you to answer questions and perform maneuvers you have learned in your flight lessons. If you fail a portion of it, you may be allowed to retake that part of the test.\\nYour exams will mostly be comprised of questions about rotorcraft and flying. You will be asked to identify functions of different parts of aircraft, quizzed on which moves to make during different crises, and asked to figure out simple points of procedure.\\nStudy by taking the practice exams available at the FAA site.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take your commercial license exam.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have passed your private license exam, you must fly 150 solo hours before you qualify for your commercial helicopter license. If you are only interested in flying as a hobby, you do not have to get this license. If you are looking to work as a pilot, you will need to take the commercial license exam. This exam is similar to your private license exam, but includes an oral component and a check-ride.\\nDuring your exam your examiner will ask you to plan a flight. They will ask you follow up questions about conditions and procedure.\\nAfter or during this part of the exam, you will pilot a short flight with your examiner beside you. If you make an error, your examiner can choose to fail you, forcing you to take the entire test again, or pass you on the condition that you retake the section you failed. Once you have successfully demonstrated flying ability, flight knowledge, and good judgement, you will pass.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting a Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider becoming a commercial flight instructor.\", \"描述\": \"To get an introductory pilot job, you will likely be required to have between 500 to 1000 hours of experience piloting a helicopter. You will not have amassed that many hours in the process of obtaining your commercial rotorcraft license: that will only have taken you 150 hours. To become a flight instructor, however, you are only required to have 200 hours. You can earn the hours you need to land a pilot job, and get paid to do so, by flying as an instructor.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pay for more hours.\", \"描述\": \"Because most jobs require more hours of flight experience than you will accrue in flight school, you might have to pay for more hours. If you do not becoming a commercial flight instructor, you can expect to pay about 160 dollars an hour for solo flight time with a private instructor.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare a resume.\", \"描述\": \"Your helicopter pilot's resume will list your hours of flight as well as your education and work experience. Include the aircraft you are familiar with, and any awards you have achieved from your flight school or the FAA. Ask your flight school for help making a professional looking resume, or look for templates online.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for work.\", \"描述\": \"Some industries you might enter include offshore support, fire fighting, law enforcement, agriculture, pipeline and utility support, sightseeing, executive transport, fishing, logging, EMS (Emergency Medical Services), and search and rescue. Check the requirements for each job posting to make sure you know how many hours you'll need to have flown, and if there are any other qualifications you might need. \\nAs soon as you graduate, ask your school if they are hiring, and to put you on a list of possible hires.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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How to Become a Helicopter Pilot in the Army
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1. Meeting the Enlistment Requirements
1-1. Complete high school and get your diploma.
The Army has a minimum education requirement and you’ll need a high school diploma. If you’re still in school, then make sure you finish and graduate to meet this requirement, especially if you want to attend flight school.
It helps to do well in high school as well, especially in your math and science courses. Flight school involves a lot of classroom instruction, and a good understanding of math, physics, and other science fields will be a big help.
You could still join the Army with a GED instead of a high school diploma, but it does hurt your chances of acceptance and you might not be eligible for Warrant Officer training. If possible, it’s best to complete high school and get your diploma.
1-2. Enlist between the ages of 18 and 33.
In general, the Army’s age requirement is that you have to be at least 18 and no older than 33 to enlist. As long as you’re between these ages, then you can enlist and start the process to reach flight training.
If you’re 33 or 34, you may be able to get a waiver. Ask your superior officer or recruiter about your options in this case.
You can still join the Army as old as 35, but you probably won’t be accepted for flight school.
1-3. Meet the Army’s physical requirements to qualify.
The physical requirements for pilots are the same as the Army’s overall requirements. You have to be within a specific weight and height range to qualify. You’ll also need at least 20/50 vision in each eye, and wear lenses to correct your vision to 20/20.
In general, men need to be between 60–80 in (150–200 cm) and 100–250 lb (45–113 kg). Women need to be between 58–80 in (150–200 cm) and 90–236 lb (41–107 kg).
If you can’t reach these physical requirements but still want to serve your country, the Army does have many other civilian jobs that you could apply for. Talk to a recruiter to see what your options are.
1-4. Apply for American citizenship before you enlist if you aren’t a citizen.
In general, the Army requires recruits to be US citizens before joining. However, you could still enlist if you haven’t yet obtained citizenship. Just make sure you meet the citizenship requirements and submit the application before joining. That way, you can begin your training during the application processing.
You do still need a Green Card and permanent resident status to qualify for the Army, so make sure you complete all of this before applying.
1-5. Score at least 110 on the ASVAB exam to qualify for officer training.
The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, or ASVAB, is an exam that all new Army recruits have to take. The exam measures your critical reasoning, science, math, electronics, and grammar knowledge. While recruits only need a score of 31 to pass, you’ll need a top score to qualify for Warrant Officer Candidate School (WOCS). Study hard and get at least a 110 to meet the requirement for officer and flight school.
2. Getting to Flight School
2-1. Apply to Warrant Officer Candidate School.
All Army pilots have to complete Warrant Officer Candidate School (WOCS) before attending flight school to become pilots. As long as you scored at least a 110 on the ASVAB, you qualify for WOCS and can submit your application when you enlist.
Your recruiter can walk you through this process and help you with your application.
If you don’t apply for WOCS right when you enlist, you need to have at least 12 months left on your enlistment contract to qualify for WOCS. If you have less than this, you’ll have to re-enlist first.
2-2. Complete 9 weeks of basic training.
All Army recruits have to complete and pass basic combat training before moving on, and you will too. Basic training is a 9-week program at one of several Army forts throughout the country. You’ll learn critical skills like combat, teamwork, Army procedures, and physical conditioning to prepare you for your Army career. At the end, you’ll have to pass a few physical and mental tests to qualify for graduation. If you pass, you’ll officially be a member of the Army.
It’s best to start preparing yourself for basic training by getting in good physical shape and learning as much as you can about the Army. This will make your time in basic training much easier.
Only about 15% of recruits fail basic training, so you have a good chance of passing as long as you prepare yourself.
2-3. Review the Army's drills and guidelines before starting officer school.
After basic training, your next step is Warrant Officer Candidate School (WOCS). This is a physically and mentally intensive program, so make sure you're as prepared as possible before starting. The Army recommends reviewing all of its training, drill, ceremony, and navigation manuals before attending WOCS. This way, you'll be prepared for the knowledge portions of officer school.
If there is any gap time between basic training and starting WOCS, make sure you workout regularly to stay in top physical shape. You'll have to pass more physical tests in officer school and you'll have trouble if you let yourself get out of shape.
2-4. Report to Fort Rucker, Alabama, for WOCS.
All pilot candidates have to pass Warrant Officer Candidate School after basic training, which is held at Fort Rucker, AL. This 6-week program trains aspiring pilots and other technical officers for their role in the Army.
You’ll receive a packet outlining the process and your instructions for reporting to WOCS when you’re accepted. If you have any questions, ask your recruiter.
Be sure to review the Army's checklist for everything you need to bring with you to WOCS.
You can only enter WOCS without prior Army service if you plan on becoming a pilot. Other service members must be at least a Staff Sergeant/E-6 to qualify.
2-5. Pass the WOCS program to become a Warrant Officer.
The 6 weeks at Warrant Officer school train you to become a technical specialist in the Army. You’ll receive a combination of specialized classroom instruction along with further physical training. After completion of this course, you’ll be a Warrant Officer and can attend flight school.
Recruits at WOCS attend different programs based on their intended career. You’ll be placed in a program for aspiring pilots looking to attend flight school.
Navigation is an important part of WOCS, especially for aspiring pilots. Review the Army manual on field navigation so you’re well-prepared for this training.
2-6. Earn a qualifying score on the SIFT exam for flight school.
The SIFT exam, Selection Instrument for Flight Training, is your final step before flight school. This exam measures all of the technical flight knowledge you gained during WOCS. It’s scored from 20-80, and you need at least a 40 to pass and qualify for flight school. Study hard and ace this exam to continue with your pilot training.
The Army provides a study guide for the SIFT, so be sure to work with that guide to do as well as possible.
In general, you can only take the SIFT exam twice. If you pass on your first try, then you don’t have to take it again. If you fail twice, then you can’t take it again.
2-7. Apply to Warrant Officer Flight Training to continue on your path.
Your final step to becoming an Army pilot is WOFT, Warrant Officer Flight Training. This is a long program and takes about a year of training. As long as you get a passing score on your SIFT, you can send in your application and start the last phase of your training.
WOFT is also at Fort Rucker.
3. Completing Flight Training
3-1. Pass the classroom portion of flight instruction.
All WOFT candidates start with classroom training. In this program, you’ll learn about flight physics, systems, emergency procedures, and navigation. This is all crucial if you want to be a successful pilot, so pay close attention and pass your classroom instruction sections.
Since you’ve already gone through a lot of classroom instruction in WOCS, you should be ready for this portion of your training. Pay attention and draw on all the classroom skills you’ve already gained to get to this point.
3-2. Rack up 7.5 hours of practice time on a helicopter flight simulator.
Once your classroom training is over, you’ll start flight training on a simulator. You’ll learn basic takeoff and landing skills, flight maneuvers, and controls. After 7.5 hours on a simulator, you can move on to practicing in a real helicopter.
3-3. Choose 1 of 4 helicopters that you want to specialize with.
The Army uses 4 main helicopters, and you’ll have to pick one to specialize in. They’re all used for different tasks, so be sure to consider what type of job you want to do before picking a helicopter.
The OH-58 Kiowa is a small reconnaissance aircraft used for scouting.
The UH-60 Blackhawk is a transport helicopter used for evacuations and search-and-rescue missions.
The AH-64 Apache is an attack helicopter that’s used in combat missions.
The CH-47 Chinook is a large transport helicopter used to move supplies.
3-4. Practice on your chosen helicopter for 70 to 150 hours.
Once you choose your helicopter and mission type, then you’ll spend a lot of time practicing in that helicopter to become an expert. Depending on your helicopter, you’ll need between 70 and 150 hours of flight time to pass WOFT. After that, you’re qualified for graduation.
You’ll not only practice flying the helicopter itself, but also using all the equipment you might use in flight like night vision goggles.
There will be different procedures and maneuvers for different helicopters. If you fly an Apache, you’ll probably practice selecting and strafing targets, while with a Blackhawk you’ll probably practice landing in a hostile zone to evacuate injured soldiers.
3-5. Graduate from WOFT to become a helicopter pilot.
When you spend the required amount of time in flight training, you then qualify to earn your wings. After a graduation ceremony, you’ll officially be a Warrant Officer pilot and can start your exciting new career as an Army helicopter pilot.
Tips
If you want to become a helicopter pilot without making the Army your whole career, the Army National Guard has similar requirements for pilot training. You can join the National Guard if you prefer to have a career separate from the Army.[26]
X
Research source
If you have any questions about the recruitment or training process, you can ask your Army recruiter for more explanation.
In general, the Army also prefers candidates with no criminal or disciplinary record, so be sure to stay out of trouble.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Enlistment Requirements\\n1-1. Complete high school and get your diploma.\\nThe Army has a minimum education requirement and you’ll need a high school diploma. If you’re still in school, then make sure you finish and graduate to meet this requirement, especially if you want to attend flight school.\\nIt helps to do well in high school as well, especially in your math and science courses. Flight school involves a lot of classroom instruction, and a good understanding of math, physics, and other science fields will be a big help.\\nYou could still join the Army with a GED instead of a high school diploma, but it does hurt your chances of acceptance and you might not be eligible for Warrant Officer training. If possible, it’s best to complete high school and get your diploma.\\n1-2. Enlist between the ages of 18 and 33.\\nIn general, the Army’s age requirement is that you have to be at least 18 and no older than 33 to enlist. As long as you’re between these ages, then you can enlist and start the process to reach flight training.\\nIf you’re 33 or 34, you may be able to get a waiver. Ask your superior officer or recruiter about your options in this case.\\nYou can still join the Army as old as 35, but you probably won’t be accepted for flight school.\\n1-3. Meet the Army’s physical requirements to qualify.\\nThe physical requirements for pilots are the same as the Army’s overall requirements. You have to be within a specific weight and height range to qualify. You’ll also need at least 20/50 vision in each eye, and wear lenses to correct your vision to 20/20.\\nIn general, men need to be between 60–80 in (150–200 cm) and 100–250 lb (45–113 kg). Women need to be between 58–80 in (150–200 cm) and 90–236 lb (41–107 kg).\\nIf you can’t reach these physical requirements but still want to serve your country, the Army does have many other civilian jobs that you could apply for. Talk to a recruiter to see what your options are.\\n1-4. Apply for American citizenship before you enlist if you aren’t a citizen.\\nIn general, the Army requires recruits to be US citizens before joining. However, you could still enlist if you haven’t yet obtained citizenship. Just make sure you meet the citizenship requirements and submit the application before joining. That way, you can begin your training during the application processing.\\nYou do still need a Green Card and permanent resident status to qualify for the Army, so make sure you complete all of this before applying.\\n1-5. Score at least 110 on the ASVAB exam to qualify for officer training.\\nThe Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, or ASVAB, is an exam that all new Army recruits have to take. The exam measures your critical reasoning, science, math, electronics, and grammar knowledge. While recruits only need a score of 31 to pass, you’ll need a top score to qualify for Warrant Officer Candidate School (WOCS). Study hard and get at least a 110 to meet the requirement for officer and flight school.\\n2. Getting to Flight School\\n2-1. Apply to Warrant Officer Candidate School.\\nAll Army pilots have to complete Warrant Officer Candidate School (WOCS) before attending flight school to become pilots. As long as you scored at least a 110 on the ASVAB, you qualify for WOCS and can submit your application when you enlist.\\nYour recruiter can walk you through this process and help you with your application.\\nIf you don’t apply for WOCS right when you enlist, you need to have at least 12 months left on your enlistment contract to qualify for WOCS. If you have less than this, you’ll have to re-enlist first.\\n2-2. Complete 9 weeks of basic training.\\nAll Army recruits have to complete and pass basic combat training before moving on, and you will too. Basic training is a 9-week program at one of several Army forts throughout the country. You’ll learn critical skills like combat, teamwork, Army procedures, and physical conditioning to prepare you for your Army career. At the end, you’ll have to pass a few physical and mental tests to qualify for graduation. If you pass, you’ll officially be a member of the Army.\\nIt’s best to start preparing yourself for basic training by getting in good physical shape and learning as much as you can about the Army. This will make your time in basic training much easier.\\nOnly about 15% of recruits fail basic training, so you have a good chance of passing as long as you prepare yourself.\\n2-3. Review the Army's drills and guidelines before starting officer school.\\nAfter basic training, your next step is Warrant Officer Candidate School (WOCS). This is a physically and mentally intensive program, so make sure you're as prepared as possible before starting. The Army recommends reviewing all of its training, drill, ceremony, and navigation manuals before attending WOCS. This way, you'll be prepared for the knowledge portions of officer school.\\nIf there is any gap time between basic training and starting WOCS, make sure you workout regularly to stay in top physical shape. You'll have to pass more physical tests in officer school and you'll have trouble if you let yourself get out of shape.\\n2-4. Report to Fort Rucker, Alabama, for WOCS.\\nAll pilot candidates have to pass Warrant Officer Candidate School after basic training, which is held at Fort Rucker, AL. This 6-week program trains aspiring pilots and other technical officers for their role in the Army.\\nYou’ll receive a packet outlining the process and your instructions for reporting to WOCS when you’re accepted. If you have any questions, ask your recruiter.\\nBe sure to review the Army's checklist for everything you need to bring with you to WOCS.\\nYou can only enter WOCS without prior Army service if you plan on becoming a pilot. Other service members must be at least a Staff Sergeant/E-6 to qualify.\\n2-5. Pass the WOCS program to become a Warrant Officer.\\nThe 6 weeks at Warrant Officer school train you to become a technical specialist in the Army. You’ll receive a combination of specialized classroom instruction along with further physical training. After completion of this course, you’ll be a Warrant Officer and can attend flight school.\\nRecruits at WOCS attend different programs based on their intended career. You’ll be placed in a program for aspiring pilots looking to attend flight school.\\nNavigation is an important part of WOCS, especially for aspiring pilots. Review the Army manual on field navigation so you’re well-prepared for this training.\\n2-6. Earn a qualifying score on the SIFT exam for flight school.\\nThe SIFT exam, Selection Instrument for Flight Training, is your final step before flight school. This exam measures all of the technical flight knowledge you gained during WOCS. It’s scored from 20-80, and you need at least a 40 to pass and qualify for flight school. Study hard and ace this exam to continue with your pilot training.\\nThe Army provides a study guide for the SIFT, so be sure to work with that guide to do as well as possible.\\nIn general, you can only take the SIFT exam twice. If you pass on your first try, then you don’t have to take it again. If you fail twice, then you can’t take it again.\\n2-7. Apply to Warrant Officer Flight Training to continue on your path.\\nYour final step to becoming an Army pilot is WOFT, Warrant Officer Flight Training. This is a long program and takes about a year of training. As long as you get a passing score on your SIFT, you can send in your application and start the last phase of your training.\\nWOFT is also at Fort Rucker.\\n3. Completing Flight Training\\n3-1. Pass the classroom portion of flight instruction.\\nAll WOFT candidates start with classroom training. In this program, you’ll learn about flight physics, systems, emergency procedures, and navigation. This is all crucial if you want to be a successful pilot, so pay close attention and pass your classroom instruction sections.\\nSince you’ve already gone through a lot of classroom instruction in WOCS, you should be ready for this portion of your training. Pay attention and draw on all the classroom skills you’ve already gained to get to this point.\\n3-2. Rack up 7.5 hours of practice time on a helicopter flight simulator.\\nOnce your classroom training is over, you’ll start flight training on a simulator. You’ll learn basic takeoff and landing skills, flight maneuvers, and controls. After 7.5 hours on a simulator, you can move on to practicing in a real helicopter.\\n3-3. Choose 1 of 4 helicopters that you want to specialize with.\\nThe Army uses 4 main helicopters, and you’ll have to pick one to specialize in. They’re all used for different tasks, so be sure to consider what type of job you want to do before picking a helicopter.\\nThe OH-58 Kiowa is a small reconnaissance aircraft used for scouting.\\nThe UH-60 Blackhawk is a transport helicopter used for evacuations and search-and-rescue missions.\\nThe AH-64 Apache is an attack helicopter that’s used in combat missions.\\nThe CH-47 Chinook is a large transport helicopter used to move supplies.\\n3-4. Practice on your chosen helicopter for 70 to 150 hours.\\nOnce you choose your helicopter and mission type, then you’ll spend a lot of time practicing in that helicopter to become an expert. Depending on your helicopter, you’ll need between 70 and 150 hours of flight time to pass WOFT. After that, you’re qualified for graduation.\\nYou’ll not only practice flying the helicopter itself, but also using all the equipment you might use in flight like night vision goggles.\\nThere will be different procedures and maneuvers for different helicopters. If you fly an Apache, you’ll probably practice selecting and strafing targets, while with a Blackhawk you’ll probably practice landing in a hostile zone to evacuate injured soldiers.\\n3-5. Graduate from WOFT to become a helicopter pilot.\\nWhen you spend the required amount of time in flight training, you then qualify to earn your wings. After a graduation ceremony, you’ll officially be a Warrant Officer pilot and can start your exciting new career as an Army helicopter pilot.\\nTips\\nIf you want to become a helicopter pilot without making the Army your whole career, the Army National Guard has similar requirements for pilot training. You can join the National Guard if you prefer to have a career separate from the Army.[26]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you have any questions about the recruitment or training process, you can ask your Army recruiter for more explanation.\\nIn general, the Army also prefers candidates with no criminal or disciplinary record, so be sure to stay out of trouble.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Serving in the Army can be a rewarding and fulfilling career choice, especially if you pick a specialized task like becoming a helicopter pilot. Getting the technical skills to fly a helicopter takes some time and a lot of hard work. Fortunately for you, the Army has a program called “from street to seat,” which can get you to flight school and flying helicopters without any prior military service. Once you meet the enlistment requirements, you’ll have to complete about 2 years of training and practice programs to get all the required qualifications. After this, you’ll officially be an Army helicopter pilot.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Enlistment Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete high school and get your diploma.\", \"描述\": \"The Army has a minimum education requirement and you’ll need a high school diploma. If you’re still in school, then make sure you finish and graduate to meet this requirement, especially if you want to attend flight school.\\nIt helps to do well in high school as well, especially in your math and science courses. Flight school involves a lot of classroom instruction, and a good understanding of math, physics, and other science fields will be a big help.\\nYou could still join the Army with a GED instead of a high school diploma, but it does hurt your chances of acceptance and you might not be eligible for Warrant Officer training. If possible, it’s best to complete high school and get your diploma.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Enlist between the ages of 18 and 33.\", \"描述\": \"In general, the Army’s age requirement is that you have to be at least 18 and no older than 33 to enlist. As long as you’re between these ages, then you can enlist and start the process to reach flight training.\\nIf you’re 33 or 34, you may be able to get a waiver. Ask your superior officer or recruiter about your options in this case.\\nYou can still join the Army as old as 35, but you probably won’t be accepted for flight school.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Meet the Army’s physical requirements to qualify.\", \"描述\": \"The physical requirements for pilots are the same as the Army’s overall requirements. You have to be within a specific weight and height range to qualify. You’ll also need at least 20/50 vision in each eye, and wear lenses to correct your vision to 20/20.\\nIn general, men need to be between 60–80 in (150–200 cm) and 100–250 lb (45–113 kg). Women need to be between 58–80 in (150–200 cm) and 90–236 lb (41–107 kg).\\nIf you can’t reach these physical requirements but still want to serve your country, the Army does have many other civilian jobs that you could apply for. Talk to a recruiter to see what your options are.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for American citizenship before you enlist if you aren’t a citizen.\", \"描述\": \"In general, the Army requires recruits to be US citizens before joining. However, you could still enlist if you haven’t yet obtained citizenship. Just make sure you meet the citizenship requirements and submit the application before joining. That way, you can begin your training during the application processing.\\nYou do still need a Green Card and permanent resident status to qualify for the Army, so make sure you complete all of this before applying.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Score at least 110 on the ASVAB exam to qualify for officer training.\", \"描述\": \"The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, or ASVAB, is an exam that all new Army recruits have to take. The exam measures your critical reasoning, science, math, electronics, and grammar knowledge. While recruits only need a score of 31 to pass, you’ll need a top score to qualify for Warrant Officer Candidate School (WOCS). Study hard and get at least a 110 to meet the requirement for officer and flight school.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting to Flight School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to Warrant Officer Candidate School.\", \"描述\": \"All Army pilots have to complete Warrant Officer Candidate School (WOCS) before attending flight school to become pilots. As long as you scored at least a 110 on the ASVAB, you qualify for WOCS and can submit your application when you enlist.\\nYour recruiter can walk you through this process and help you with your application.\\nIf you don’t apply for WOCS right when you enlist, you need to have at least 12 months left on your enlistment contract to qualify for WOCS. If you have less than this, you’ll have to re-enlist first.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete 9 weeks of basic training.\", \"描述\": \"All Army recruits have to complete and pass basic combat training before moving on, and you will too. Basic training is a 9-week program at one of several Army forts throughout the country. You’ll learn critical skills like combat, teamwork, Army procedures, and physical conditioning to prepare you for your Army career. At the end, you’ll have to pass a few physical and mental tests to qualify for graduation. If you pass, you’ll officially be a member of the Army.\\nIt’s best to start preparing yourself for basic training by getting in good physical shape and learning as much as you can about the Army. This will make your time in basic training much easier.\\nOnly about 15% of recruits fail basic training, so you have a good chance of passing as long as you prepare yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Review the Army's drills and guidelines before starting officer school.\", \"描述\": \"After basic training, your next step is Warrant Officer Candidate School (WOCS). This is a physically and mentally intensive program, so make sure you're as prepared as possible before starting. The Army recommends reviewing all of its training, drill, ceremony, and navigation manuals before attending WOCS. This way, you'll be prepared for the knowledge portions of officer school.\\nIf there is any gap time between basic training and starting WOCS, make sure you workout regularly to stay in top physical shape. You'll have to pass more physical tests in officer school and you'll have trouble if you let yourself get out of shape.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Report to Fort Rucker, Alabama, for WOCS.\", \"描述\": \"All pilot candidates have to pass Warrant Officer Candidate School after basic training, which is held at Fort Rucker, AL. This 6-week program trains aspiring pilots and other technical officers for their role in the Army.\\nYou’ll receive a packet outlining the process and your instructions for reporting to WOCS when you’re accepted. If you have any questions, ask your recruiter.\\nBe sure to review the Army's checklist for everything you need to bring with you to WOCS.\\nYou can only enter WOCS without prior Army service if you plan on becoming a pilot. Other service members must be at least a Staff Sergeant/E-6 to qualify.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pass the WOCS program to become a Warrant Officer.\", \"描述\": \"The 6 weeks at Warrant Officer school train you to become a technical specialist in the Army. You’ll receive a combination of specialized classroom instruction along with further physical training. After completion of this course, you’ll be a Warrant Officer and can attend flight school.\\nRecruits at WOCS attend different programs based on their intended career. You’ll be placed in a program for aspiring pilots looking to attend flight school.\\nNavigation is an important part of WOCS, especially for aspiring pilots. Review the Army manual on field navigation so you’re well-prepared for this training.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Earn a qualifying score on the SIFT exam for flight school.\", \"描述\": \"The SIFT exam, Selection Instrument for Flight Training, is your final step before flight school. This exam measures all of the technical flight knowledge you gained during WOCS. It’s scored from 20-80, and you need at least a 40 to pass and qualify for flight school. Study hard and ace this exam to continue with your pilot training.\\nThe Army provides a study guide for the SIFT, so be sure to work with that guide to do as well as possible.\\nIn general, you can only take the SIFT exam twice. If you pass on your first try, then you don’t have to take it again. If you fail twice, then you can’t take it again.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Apply to Warrant Officer Flight Training to continue on your path.\", \"描述\": \"Your final step to becoming an Army pilot is WOFT, Warrant Officer Flight Training. This is a long program and takes about a year of training. As long as you get a passing score on your SIFT, you can send in your application and start the last phase of your training.\\nWOFT is also at Fort Rucker.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Completing Flight Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pass the classroom portion of flight instruction.\", \"描述\": \"All WOFT candidates start with classroom training. In this program, you’ll learn about flight physics, systems, emergency procedures, and navigation. This is all crucial if you want to be a successful pilot, so pay close attention and pass your classroom instruction sections.\\nSince you’ve already gone through a lot of classroom instruction in WOCS, you should be ready for this portion of your training. Pay attention and draw on all the classroom skills you’ve already gained to get to this point.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Rack up 7.5 hours of practice time on a helicopter flight simulator.\", \"描述\": \"Once your classroom training is over, you’ll start flight training on a simulator. You’ll learn basic takeoff and landing skills, flight maneuvers, and controls. After 7.5 hours on a simulator, you can move on to practicing in a real helicopter.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose 1 of 4 helicopters that you want to specialize with.\", \"描述\": \"The Army uses 4 main helicopters, and you’ll have to pick one to specialize in. They’re all used for different tasks, so be sure to consider what type of job you want to do before picking a helicopter.\\nThe OH-58 Kiowa is a small reconnaissance aircraft used for scouting.\\nThe UH-60 Blackhawk is a transport helicopter used for evacuations and search-and-rescue missions.\\nThe AH-64 Apache is an attack helicopter that’s used in combat missions.\\nThe CH-47 Chinook is a large transport helicopter used to move supplies.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice on your chosen helicopter for 70 to 150 hours.\", \"描述\": \"Once you choose your helicopter and mission type, then you’ll spend a lot of time practicing in that helicopter to become an expert. Depending on your helicopter, you’ll need between 70 and 150 hours of flight time to pass WOFT. After that, you’re qualified for graduation.\\nYou’ll not only practice flying the helicopter itself, but also using all the equipment you might use in flight like night vision goggles.\\nThere will be different procedures and maneuvers for different helicopters. If you fly an Apache, you’ll probably practice selecting and strafing targets, while with a Blackhawk you’ll probably practice landing in a hostile zone to evacuate injured soldiers.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Graduate from WOFT to become a helicopter pilot.\", \"描述\": \"When you spend the required amount of time in flight training, you then qualify to earn your wings. After a graduation ceremony, you’ll officially be a Warrant Officer pilot and can start your exciting new career as an Army helicopter pilot.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you want to become a helicopter pilot without making the Army your whole career, the Army National Guard has similar requirements for pilot training. You can join the National Guard if you prefer to have a career separate from the Army.[26]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you have any questions about the recruitment or training process, you can ask your Army recruiter for more explanation.\\n\", \"In general, the Army also prefers candidates with no criminal or disciplinary record, so be sure to stay out of trouble.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,441 |
How to Become a High School English Teacher
|
1. Gaining Your Credentials
1-1. Decide if the job is for you.
Becoming a high school teacher often requires someone who has a lot of patience, is willing to sacrifice time and energy for the betterment of his or her students, and has a passion for the subject he or she is teaching — you also need to be open to change and new experiences. Because the job outlook for English teachers isn't great, and the pay is mediocre, a teacher needs to be someone who has authority and cares about making an impact in students' lives.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that the job growth between 2012-2022 for high school teachers is six percent. Teachers who focus on math and science subjects have a higher chance of gaining a job, so with English, understand that it may take a little bit of time before you are able to earn a full time position.
As a teacher your job often doesn't remain in the classroom. You will likely have papers to grade after school, parent-teacher conferences to attend, and other extracurricular activities. However, with a good mindset you can have a lot of fun doing these things, especially if you make some teacher friends along the way.
1-2. Be prepared to work with students who are apathetic.
Some teachers have luck and have a class of students who are all really passionate and engaged in the class material, but the truth is that in many schools, a lot of the students don't want to be there or don't care about reading literature. As a teacher, your job is to make them excited and passionate to learn -- to teach so well and be so passionate yourself that the students can't help but be engaged in the lesson.
Think of it as striving to be like the teacher in "Dead Poets Society" or "Stand and Deliver." These teachers were able to ignite passion and motivation in their students in the specific subject areas they were teaching.
1-3. Gain a bachelor's degree.
Most states require that a teacher receive their bachelor's degree before they begin to teach at a high school. In order to teach high school, the bachelor's degree you obtain should be in English, and it can be helpful to focus on a track like literature.
To teach English for elementary or middle schoolers, people often pursue bachelor's degrees in education, but because you will be covering different topics as a high school instructor, it's best to pursue a degree in a specific subject, as you'll have better foundation in the subject matter. You can then go on to learn about the education side through your teaching certification or through other courses during your bachelor's program.
Many schools with English degrees give you options for different tracks to pursue like creative writing, rhetoric, and literature. Because you will most likely be focusing on the literature aspect with your students, its helpful to pursue that track in college.
Some of the top ranked schools to obtain your bachelor's degree from are:
Stanford University
Harvard
University of Pennsylvania
Duke University
University of Notre Dame
Georgetown University
Vanderbilt University
University of Florida
1-4. Attend a teacher education program.
After you have completed your bachelor's, you'll need to gain your teaching certification before you can actually begin teaching. You can find these education programs at many universities and they usually take 12 to 24 months to complete. Some bachelor's programs allow you to take courses towards your certification as well, so often times you can graduate and jump straight into student teaching.
All public schools require certification, but if you are looking to work in a private school there may be different requirements.
1-5. Take the required tests.
After you have attended a teacher education program, most states require you to take a standardized Praxis test, which will test you on your basic skills or on a specific subject area. Some states require you to take the Praxis I before you begin your teacher education program and others require both that test and the Praxis II.
Make sure you review your state's licensure requirements, because all of the states vary in what they require to become a licensed teacher. Keep in mind too that just because you have a license to teach in Texas doesn't mean you will be able to teach in New York.
1-6. Consider obtaining the National Board Certification.
This certification is not necessary to teach, but it can help the job mobility of a teacher as well as providing extra benefits. Depending on the school you work at, if you are National Board Certified you may receive a higher salary, gain compensation for continuing your education, and have greater opportunities for advancement.
1-7. Student teach for a semester.
Most states require that teachers gain teaching experience under the supervision of a licensed teacher for a semester before they begin teaching on their own. Usually student teaching is part of your teacher education program, and your program should help locate a school for you where you can gain experience teaching.
Student teaching is unpaid, but you have the opportunity to practice teaching real classes, with a teacher over you that can help guide you through the process. You will usually student teach in the same setting you hope to teach in later -- if you are looking to become a high school English teacher you will likely student teach in a high school English class. Oftentimes you can pick the specific grade level and type of school too, just so you are better able to discern if this is the type of school and grade level you want to teach.
1-8. Gain a master's degree.
A master's degree isn't usually required to teach in a high school (although some schools do require it), but it can help you have an advantage when applying for jobs. A master's degree also allows you to teach at a junior college. Some teachers go on to pursue their master's so that they can teach dual credit courses at their high school, which also increases their salary.
Many teachers will get a master's degree in education, and may focus on a specific track like curriculum development, depending on their career ambitions for the future. Some teachers will earn a master's in their specific subject area like English or a degree in educational leadership so that they can eventually go on to become principal or district supervisors.
It's best to think about your career ambitions before you pursue a master's so that you know what master's program would be most beneficial to you. Then, search for the top schools with those programs. Some high schools offer to pay for part of the teacher's master's program, so check with your school as well to see what they can offer you.
2. Applying for Jobs
2-1. Know the responsibilities of an English teacher.
Before you begin applying for jobs, you'll want to read up on what a high school teacher primarily focuses on, so that when you go into job interviews you look prepared and educated. The basic tasks for a high school English teacher are to help students develop their critical thinking skills, hone in their writing abilities, and discover literature.
2-2. Figure out the school district you would like to teach in.
This can be key to a positive teaching experience. Some teachers have a passion for teaching in low income schools with at-risk students, while others would prefer to teach advanced placement classes. Do some research in your area to figure out what types of students you'd like to teach before you begin applying to schools.
Hopefully when you student taught you were able to gain an idea of the type of school you wanted to teach in. If you think you lean towards a certain type of school, then try your best to attain a student teaching position in that school so you can have some experience teaching those students before you jump in as a full-time teacher.
2-3. Boost your resume.
Because teaching is a competitive field, your resume needs to stand out and show that you are passionate about teaching and are qualified for the position. There are a number of ways to make your resume stand out:
Show a passion for teaching. You can demonstrate this in your objective section of the resume, or in your career summary section. Use this section to communicate your teaching philosophy, your belief about education, and your desire to help students. Make sure you are communicating that you are teaching for the right reasons. Employers want to know that you care about the students at their school.
Credentials: Your credentials should be the first thing employers see. You should list your degrees and any certifications you have at the top of your resume along with your GPA. Because this will be the first thing employers see, you want to present yourself well and show that you are accomplished and educated.
Use keywords: Employers may be looking for certain words throughout your resume that are industry specific. Because employers usually get a lot of resumes, they will be scanning many of them and these key words will help your resume grab their attention. Some key words to use in the education field are: teaching and learning, curriculum planning, peer tutoring, peer mentoring, teacher-parent relations, special needs students, ESL/ESOL students, technology integration, classroom management, student involvement, interdisciplinary teaching approaches, K-12, etc.
Accomplishments and related jobs: This is really what will make you stand out from other resumes, because everyone will likely be applying with a similar bachelor's degree, but not everyone will have job related experience. Think about the accomplishments you have made throughout college that are related to teaching, leading, working with students, etc. and find a way to incorporate those into your resume through the related experience section or in your activities section. Think about the qualities that would make someone a good teacher, or the experience that could help them in teaching. Then, think about what things you have done that you can include in your resume to make you well equipped to become a teacher.
Look up sample resumes. If you are still stumped as to how to boost your resume, there are always tons of resources online that give example resumes in specific subject matters. You can use these as references or a guideline for how to boost your resume.
2-4. Apply for teaching positions.
Oftentimes you can visit a school's website on their jobs' or careers' page to see the positions they have available. Many universities also have career fairs in education in which you'll have the opportunity to talk to many of the schools from that state.
If you find a job and are invited in for an interview, make sure you are prepared by learning about that school district and about the specific position. It could also be good to come up with a statement about why you decided to be a teacher and what you hope to provide to the school and students.
2-5. Prepare to search for a while.
Because some teaching jobs aren't exactly in high demand, obtaining a position may take some time and patience. Many schools in big cities that are in low income areas, are often in higher need for teachers than schools in the suburbs or ones that have a student population that is predominantly middle class.
As an English teacher, keep in mind that you are probably going to be looking for a longer time than someone who is planning on teaching math or science. This is because, for some reason, there is a shortage of teachers in those subject areas. English, on the other hand, is a popular degree for students to study in college to become an English teacher, and so you are competing with more people for those jobs. English also tends to be a favorite among students when it comes to their classes, and so those students are more likely to pursue a degree in English to become an English teacher.
2-6. Consider subbing in the meantime.
While you may not be able to gain a teaching position right out of college, a great way to get your foot in the door in the schools you would like to teach in is by subbing. Subbing is a great way to meet the administrators and students at the school as well as getting some part-time teaching experience before you obtain a full-time position.
Some states and cities require that substitute teachers have a teaching certificate, so you may already have an advantage over others.
Take as many substitute teacher positions as possible so you can get a lot of exposure to the schools you are subbing in.
2-7. Explore options like Teach for America.
Teach for America is an alternative to directly applying for a position in a school. TFA is an organization that places students passionate about learning in a low income school district and gives them the opportunity to teach for a year. To apply for this program you won't need a teaching certification, but you will need a bachelor's degree.
You will apply to the program through the TFA website, and will be taken through a several part interview process. At the final stage of the interview you will prepare a fake lesson to give in front of some of the staff for Teach for America. You will also have the opportunity to choose the top cities you would like to teach in as well as your preferred subjects and grades you would like to teach. If hired, you will then be placed in one of those cities to begin teaching.
While TFA is a great way to gain teaching experience, it is not for everyone because oftentimes you won't receive much training beforehand, and for someone who didn't go through the teacher education program, you might be a little lost. Depending on the school district, you may receive adequate help from other faculty, or you may have to navigate most things yourself.
2-8. Consider joining the Peace Corps.
The Peace Corps gives you the opportunity to teach in another country, usually in areas that you will be very immersed in the culture. This organization allows you to enter as a "Volunteer," which means you aren't making a salary, but you will be given a housing and living stipend as well as paid transportation. Peace Corps openings can be found on their website, in a number of different fields, and a minimum of a bachelor's degree with some teaching or tutoring experience is usually required.
With the Peace Corps you will be placed with a host family or in a dwelling determined by the local host organization. You will be asked to adhere to cultural norms, as the Peace Corps is also an opportunity for your to learn about different cultures and respect the differences between your country and the one you visit.
The benefit of the Peace Corps is it gives you teaching experience, but also offers entry into unique graduate school opportunities as well as the option to forgive or defer certain public loans.
2-9. Pursue continuing education.
This includes getting a master's or Phd in your desired field. You can also participate in workshops and training sessions that may equip you to serve in different roles or help advance your teaching experience and skills. Some states require you to participate in professional development to renew or maintain your license. Visit or contact your state's agency to learn about the education requirements for your state.
Tips
Have fun and be creative. The best way to gain your students' respect and trust is to show them you care about them and that the subject you are teaching is exciting.
Keep yourself posted on changes in certification, requirements, and the job market. You can make nationwide contacts online to find out what states are most friendly to teachers like you. You can also get information on teacher's incentives, such as loan-forgiveness programs.
The Board of Education in different states often has continuing education requirements for teachers to maintain their teaching certificate. Stay up to date on these requirements so that you always have the right certification.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Gaining Your Credentials\\n1-1. Decide if the job is for you.\\nBecoming a high school teacher often requires someone who has a lot of patience, is willing to sacrifice time and energy for the betterment of his or her students, and has a passion for the subject he or she is teaching — you also need to be open to change and new experiences. Because the job outlook for English teachers isn't great, and the pay is mediocre, a teacher needs to be someone who has authority and cares about making an impact in students' lives.\\nThe U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that the job growth between 2012-2022 for high school teachers is six percent. Teachers who focus on math and science subjects have a higher chance of gaining a job, so with English, understand that it may take a little bit of time before you are able to earn a full time position.\\nAs a teacher your job often doesn't remain in the classroom. You will likely have papers to grade after school, parent-teacher conferences to attend, and other extracurricular activities. However, with a good mindset you can have a lot of fun doing these things, especially if you make some teacher friends along the way.\\n1-2. Be prepared to work with students who are apathetic.\\nSome teachers have luck and have a class of students who are all really passionate and engaged in the class material, but the truth is that in many schools, a lot of the students don't want to be there or don't care about reading literature. As a teacher, your job is to make them excited and passionate to learn -- to teach so well and be so passionate yourself that the students can't help but be engaged in the lesson.\\nThink of it as striving to be like the teacher in \\\"Dead Poets Society\\\" or \\\"Stand and Deliver.\\\" These teachers were able to ignite passion and motivation in their students in the specific subject areas they were teaching.\\n1-3. Gain a bachelor's degree.\\nMost states require that a teacher receive their bachelor's degree before they begin to teach at a high school. In order to teach high school, the bachelor's degree you obtain should be in English, and it can be helpful to focus on a track like literature.\\nTo teach English for elementary or middle schoolers, people often pursue bachelor's degrees in education, but because you will be covering different topics as a high school instructor, it's best to pursue a degree in a specific subject, as you'll have better foundation in the subject matter. You can then go on to learn about the education side through your teaching certification or through other courses during your bachelor's program.\\nMany schools with English degrees give you options for different tracks to pursue like creative writing, rhetoric, and literature. Because you will most likely be focusing on the literature aspect with your students, its helpful to pursue that track in college.\\nSome of the top ranked schools to obtain your bachelor's degree from are:\\nStanford University\\nHarvard\\nUniversity of Pennsylvania\\nDuke University\\nUniversity of Notre Dame\\nGeorgetown University\\nVanderbilt University\\nUniversity of Florida\\n1-4. Attend a teacher education program.\\nAfter you have completed your bachelor's, you'll need to gain your teaching certification before you can actually begin teaching. You can find these education programs at many universities and they usually take 12 to 24 months to complete. Some bachelor's programs allow you to take courses towards your certification as well, so often times you can graduate and jump straight into student teaching.\\nAll public schools require certification, but if you are looking to work in a private school there may be different requirements.\\n1-5. Take the required tests.\\nAfter you have attended a teacher education program, most states require you to take a standardized Praxis test, which will test you on your basic skills or on a specific subject area. Some states require you to take the Praxis I before you begin your teacher education program and others require both that test and the Praxis II.\\nMake sure you review your state's licensure requirements, because all of the states vary in what they require to become a licensed teacher. Keep in mind too that just because you have a license to teach in Texas doesn't mean you will be able to teach in New York.\\n1-6. Consider obtaining the National Board Certification.\\nThis certification is not necessary to teach, but it can help the job mobility of a teacher as well as providing extra benefits. Depending on the school you work at, if you are National Board Certified you may receive a higher salary, gain compensation for continuing your education, and have greater opportunities for advancement.\\n1-7. Student teach for a semester.\\nMost states require that teachers gain teaching experience under the supervision of a licensed teacher for a semester before they begin teaching on their own. Usually student teaching is part of your teacher education program, and your program should help locate a school for you where you can gain experience teaching.\\nStudent teaching is unpaid, but you have the opportunity to practice teaching real classes, with a teacher over you that can help guide you through the process. You will usually student teach in the same setting you hope to teach in later -- if you are looking to become a high school English teacher you will likely student teach in a high school English class. Oftentimes you can pick the specific grade level and type of school too, just so you are better able to discern if this is the type of school and grade level you want to teach.\\n1-8. Gain a master's degree.\\nA master's degree isn't usually required to teach in a high school (although some schools do require it), but it can help you have an advantage when applying for jobs. A master's degree also allows you to teach at a junior college. Some teachers go on to pursue their master's so that they can teach dual credit courses at their high school, which also increases their salary.\\nMany teachers will get a master's degree in education, and may focus on a specific track like curriculum development, depending on their career ambitions for the future. Some teachers will earn a master's in their specific subject area like English or a degree in educational leadership so that they can eventually go on to become principal or district supervisors.\\nIt's best to think about your career ambitions before you pursue a master's so that you know what master's program would be most beneficial to you. Then, search for the top schools with those programs. Some high schools offer to pay for part of the teacher's master's program, so check with your school as well to see what they can offer you.\\n2. Applying for Jobs\\n2-1. Know the responsibilities of an English teacher.\\nBefore you begin applying for jobs, you'll want to read up on what a high school teacher primarily focuses on, so that when you go into job interviews you look prepared and educated. The basic tasks for a high school English teacher are to help students develop their critical thinking skills, hone in their writing abilities, and discover literature.\\n2-2. Figure out the school district you would like to teach in.\\nThis can be key to a positive teaching experience. Some teachers have a passion for teaching in low income schools with at-risk students, while others would prefer to teach advanced placement classes. Do some research in your area to figure out what types of students you'd like to teach before you begin applying to schools.\\nHopefully when you student taught you were able to gain an idea of the type of school you wanted to teach in. If you think you lean towards a certain type of school, then try your best to attain a student teaching position in that school so you can have some experience teaching those students before you jump in as a full-time teacher.\\n2-3. Boost your resume.\\nBecause teaching is a competitive field, your resume needs to stand out and show that you are passionate about teaching and are qualified for the position. There are a number of ways to make your resume stand out:\\nShow a passion for teaching. You can demonstrate this in your objective section of the resume, or in your career summary section. Use this section to communicate your teaching philosophy, your belief about education, and your desire to help students. Make sure you are communicating that you are teaching for the right reasons. Employers want to know that you care about the students at their school.\\nCredentials: Your credentials should be the first thing employers see. You should list your degrees and any certifications you have at the top of your resume along with your GPA. Because this will be the first thing employers see, you want to present yourself well and show that you are accomplished and educated.\\nUse keywords: Employers may be looking for certain words throughout your resume that are industry specific. Because employers usually get a lot of resumes, they will be scanning many of them and these key words will help your resume grab their attention. Some key words to use in the education field are: teaching and learning, curriculum planning, peer tutoring, peer mentoring, teacher-parent relations, special needs students, ESL/ESOL students, technology integration, classroom management, student involvement, interdisciplinary teaching approaches, K-12, etc.\\nAccomplishments and related jobs: This is really what will make you stand out from other resumes, because everyone will likely be applying with a similar bachelor's degree, but not everyone will have job related experience. Think about the accomplishments you have made throughout college that are related to teaching, leading, working with students, etc. and find a way to incorporate those into your resume through the related experience section or in your activities section. Think about the qualities that would make someone a good teacher, or the experience that could help them in teaching. Then, think about what things you have done that you can include in your resume to make you well equipped to become a teacher.\\nLook up sample resumes. If you are still stumped as to how to boost your resume, there are always tons of resources online that give example resumes in specific subject matters. You can use these as references or a guideline for how to boost your resume.\\n2-4. Apply for teaching positions.\\nOftentimes you can visit a school's website on their jobs' or careers' page to see the positions they have available. Many universities also have career fairs in education in which you'll have the opportunity to talk to many of the schools from that state.\\nIf you find a job and are invited in for an interview, make sure you are prepared by learning about that school district and about the specific position. It could also be good to come up with a statement about why you decided to be a teacher and what you hope to provide to the school and students.\\n2-5. Prepare to search for a while.\\nBecause some teaching jobs aren't exactly in high demand, obtaining a position may take some time and patience. Many schools in big cities that are in low income areas, are often in higher need for teachers than schools in the suburbs or ones that have a student population that is predominantly middle class.\\nAs an English teacher, keep in mind that you are probably going to be looking for a longer time than someone who is planning on teaching math or science. This is because, for some reason, there is a shortage of teachers in those subject areas. English, on the other hand, is a popular degree for students to study in college to become an English teacher, and so you are competing with more people for those jobs. English also tends to be a favorite among students when it comes to their classes, and so those students are more likely to pursue a degree in English to become an English teacher.\\n2-6. Consider subbing in the meantime.\\nWhile you may not be able to gain a teaching position right out of college, a great way to get your foot in the door in the schools you would like to teach in is by subbing. Subbing is a great way to meet the administrators and students at the school as well as getting some part-time teaching experience before you obtain a full-time position.\\nSome states and cities require that substitute teachers have a teaching certificate, so you may already have an advantage over others.\\nTake as many substitute teacher positions as possible so you can get a lot of exposure to the schools you are subbing in.\\n2-7. Explore options like Teach for America.\\nTeach for America is an alternative to directly applying for a position in a school. TFA is an organization that places students passionate about learning in a low income school district and gives them the opportunity to teach for a year. To apply for this program you won't need a teaching certification, but you will need a bachelor's degree.\\nYou will apply to the program through the TFA website, and will be taken through a several part interview process. At the final stage of the interview you will prepare a fake lesson to give in front of some of the staff for Teach for America. You will also have the opportunity to choose the top cities you would like to teach in as well as your preferred subjects and grades you would like to teach. If hired, you will then be placed in one of those cities to begin teaching.\\nWhile TFA is a great way to gain teaching experience, it is not for everyone because oftentimes you won't receive much training beforehand, and for someone who didn't go through the teacher education program, you might be a little lost. Depending on the school district, you may receive adequate help from other faculty, or you may have to navigate most things yourself.\\n2-8. Consider joining the Peace Corps.\\nThe Peace Corps gives you the opportunity to teach in another country, usually in areas that you will be very immersed in the culture. This organization allows you to enter as a \\\"Volunteer,\\\" which means you aren't making a salary, but you will be given a housing and living stipend as well as paid transportation. Peace Corps openings can be found on their website, in a number of different fields, and a minimum of a bachelor's degree with some teaching or tutoring experience is usually required.\\nWith the Peace Corps you will be placed with a host family or in a dwelling determined by the local host organization. You will be asked to adhere to cultural norms, as the Peace Corps is also an opportunity for your to learn about different cultures and respect the differences between your country and the one you visit.\\nThe benefit of the Peace Corps is it gives you teaching experience, but also offers entry into unique graduate school opportunities as well as the option to forgive or defer certain public loans.\\n2-9. Pursue continuing education.\\nThis includes getting a master's or Phd in your desired field. You can also participate in workshops and training sessions that may equip you to serve in different roles or help advance your teaching experience and skills. Some states require you to participate in professional development to renew or maintain your license. Visit or contact your state's agency to learn about the education requirements for your state.\\nTips\\nHave fun and be creative. The best way to gain your students' respect and trust is to show them you care about them and that the subject you are teaching is exciting.\\nKeep yourself posted on changes in certification, requirements, and the job market. You can make nationwide contacts online to find out what states are most friendly to teachers like you. You can also get information on teacher's incentives, such as loan-forgiveness programs.\\nThe Board of Education in different states often has continuing education requirements for teachers to maintain their teaching certificate. Stay up to date on these requirements so that you always have the right certification.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Do you love working with children, helping them improve their reading and writing skills, exposing them to great literature, and preparing them for college? Then becoming a high school English teacher is the career for you. To gain a job as an English teacher will require some credentials, as well as a humble, patient, and sacrificial attitude to help further the education of students.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gaining Your Credentials\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide if the job is for you.\", \"描述\": \"Becoming a high school teacher often requires someone who has a lot of patience, is willing to sacrifice time and energy for the betterment of his or her students, and has a passion for the subject he or she is teaching — you also need to be open to change and new experiences. Because the job outlook for English teachers isn't great, and the pay is mediocre, a teacher needs to be someone who has authority and cares about making an impact in students' lives.\\nThe U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that the job growth between 2012-2022 for high school teachers is six percent. Teachers who focus on math and science subjects have a higher chance of gaining a job, so with English, understand that it may take a little bit of time before you are able to earn a full time position.\\nAs a teacher your job often doesn't remain in the classroom. You will likely have papers to grade after school, parent-teacher conferences to attend, and other extracurricular activities. However, with a good mindset you can have a lot of fun doing these things, especially if you make some teacher friends along the way.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be prepared to work with students who are apathetic.\", \"描述\": \"Some teachers have luck and have a class of students who are all really passionate and engaged in the class material, but the truth is that in many schools, a lot of the students don't want to be there or don't care about reading literature. As a teacher, your job is to make them excited and passionate to learn -- to teach so well and be so passionate yourself that the students can't help but be engaged in the lesson.\\nThink of it as striving to be like the teacher in \\\"Dead Poets Society\\\" or \\\"Stand and Deliver.\\\" These teachers were able to ignite passion and motivation in their students in the specific subject areas they were teaching.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gain a bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"Most states require that a teacher receive their bachelor's degree before they begin to teach at a high school. In order to teach high school, the bachelor's degree you obtain should be in English, and it can be helpful to focus on a track like literature.\\nTo teach English for elementary or middle schoolers, people often pursue bachelor's degrees in education, but because you will be covering different topics as a high school instructor, it's best to pursue a degree in a specific subject, as you'll have better foundation in the subject matter. You can then go on to learn about the education side through your teaching certification or through other courses during your bachelor's program.\\nMany schools with English degrees give you options for different tracks to pursue like creative writing, rhetoric, and literature. Because you will most likely be focusing on the literature aspect with your students, its helpful to pursue that track in college.\\nSome of the top ranked schools to obtain your bachelor's degree from are:\\nStanford University\\nHarvard\\nUniversity of Pennsylvania\\nDuke University\\nUniversity of Notre Dame\\nGeorgetown University\\nVanderbilt University\\nUniversity of Florida\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Attend a teacher education program.\", \"描述\": \"After you have completed your bachelor's, you'll need to gain your teaching certification before you can actually begin teaching. You can find these education programs at many universities and they usually take 12 to 24 months to complete. Some bachelor's programs allow you to take courses towards your certification as well, so often times you can graduate and jump straight into student teaching.\\nAll public schools require certification, but if you are looking to work in a private school there may be different requirements.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the required tests.\", \"描述\": \"After you have attended a teacher education program, most states require you to take a standardized Praxis test, which will test you on your basic skills or on a specific subject area. Some states require you to take the Praxis I before you begin your teacher education program and others require both that test and the Praxis II.\\nMake sure you review your state's licensure requirements, because all of the states vary in what they require to become a licensed teacher. Keep in mind too that just because you have a license to teach in Texas doesn't mean you will be able to teach in New York.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Consider obtaining the National Board Certification.\", \"描述\": \"This certification is not necessary to teach, but it can help the job mobility of a teacher as well as providing extra benefits. Depending on the school you work at, if you are National Board Certified you may receive a higher salary, gain compensation for continuing your education, and have greater opportunities for advancement.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Student teach for a semester.\", \"描述\": \"Most states require that teachers gain teaching experience under the supervision of a licensed teacher for a semester before they begin teaching on their own. Usually student teaching is part of your teacher education program, and your program should help locate a school for you where you can gain experience teaching.\\nStudent teaching is unpaid, but you have the opportunity to practice teaching real classes, with a teacher over you that can help guide you through the process. You will usually student teach in the same setting you hope to teach in later -- if you are looking to become a high school English teacher you will likely student teach in a high school English class. Oftentimes you can pick the specific grade level and type of school too, just so you are better able to discern if this is the type of school and grade level you want to teach.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Gain a master's degree.\", \"描述\": \"A master's degree isn't usually required to teach in a high school (although some schools do require it), but it can help you have an advantage when applying for jobs. A master's degree also allows you to teach at a junior college. Some teachers go on to pursue their master's so that they can teach dual credit courses at their high school, which also increases their salary.\\nMany teachers will get a master's degree in education, and may focus on a specific track like curriculum development, depending on their career ambitions for the future. Some teachers will earn a master's in their specific subject area like English or a degree in educational leadership so that they can eventually go on to become principal or district supervisors.\\nIt's best to think about your career ambitions before you pursue a master's so that you know what master's program would be most beneficial to you. Then, search for the top schools with those programs. Some high schools offer to pay for part of the teacher's master's program, so check with your school as well to see what they can offer you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Applying for Jobs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know the responsibilities of an English teacher.\", \"描述\": \"Before you begin applying for jobs, you'll want to read up on what a high school teacher primarily focuses on, so that when you go into job interviews you look prepared and educated. The basic tasks for a high school English teacher are to help students develop their critical thinking skills, hone in their writing abilities, and discover literature.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Figure out the school district you would like to teach in.\", \"描述\": \"This can be key to a positive teaching experience. Some teachers have a passion for teaching in low income schools with at-risk students, while others would prefer to teach advanced placement classes. Do some research in your area to figure out what types of students you'd like to teach before you begin applying to schools.\\nHopefully when you student taught you were able to gain an idea of the type of school you wanted to teach in. If you think you lean towards a certain type of school, then try your best to attain a student teaching position in that school so you can have some experience teaching those students before you jump in as a full-time teacher.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Boost your resume.\", \"描述\": \"Because teaching is a competitive field, your resume needs to stand out and show that you are passionate about teaching and are qualified for the position. There are a number of ways to make your resume stand out:\\nShow a passion for teaching. You can demonstrate this in your objective section of the resume, or in your career summary section. Use this section to communicate your teaching philosophy, your belief about education, and your desire to help students. Make sure you are communicating that you are teaching for the right reasons. Employers want to know that you care about the students at their school.\\nCredentials: Your credentials should be the first thing employers see. You should list your degrees and any certifications you have at the top of your resume along with your GPA. Because this will be the first thing employers see, you want to present yourself well and show that you are accomplished and educated.\\nUse keywords: Employers may be looking for certain words throughout your resume that are industry specific. Because employers usually get a lot of resumes, they will be scanning many of them and these key words will help your resume grab their attention. Some key words to use in the education field are: teaching and learning, curriculum planning, peer tutoring, peer mentoring, teacher-parent relations, special needs students, ESL/ESOL students, technology integration, classroom management, student involvement, interdisciplinary teaching approaches, K-12, etc.\\nAccomplishments and related jobs: This is really what will make you stand out from other resumes, because everyone will likely be applying with a similar bachelor's degree, but not everyone will have job related experience. Think about the accomplishments you have made throughout college that are related to teaching, leading, working with students, etc. and find a way to incorporate those into your resume through the related experience section or in your activities section. Think about the qualities that would make someone a good teacher, or the experience that could help them in teaching. Then, think about what things you have done that you can include in your resume to make you well equipped to become a teacher.\\nLook up sample resumes. If you are still stumped as to how to boost your resume, there are always tons of resources online that give example resumes in specific subject matters. You can use these as references or a guideline for how to boost your resume.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for teaching positions.\", \"描述\": \"Oftentimes you can visit a school's website on their jobs' or careers' page to see the positions they have available. Many universities also have career fairs in education in which you'll have the opportunity to talk to many of the schools from that state.\\nIf you find a job and are invited in for an interview, make sure you are prepared by learning about that school district and about the specific position. It could also be good to come up with a statement about why you decided to be a teacher and what you hope to provide to the school and students.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Prepare to search for a while.\", \"描述\": \"Because some teaching jobs aren't exactly in high demand, obtaining a position may take some time and patience. Many schools in big cities that are in low income areas, are often in higher need for teachers than schools in the suburbs or ones that have a student population that is predominantly middle class.\\nAs an English teacher, keep in mind that you are probably going to be looking for a longer time than someone who is planning on teaching math or science. This is because, for some reason, there is a shortage of teachers in those subject areas. English, on the other hand, is a popular degree for students to study in college to become an English teacher, and so you are competing with more people for those jobs. English also tends to be a favorite among students when it comes to their classes, and so those students are more likely to pursue a degree in English to become an English teacher.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Consider subbing in the meantime.\", \"描述\": \"While you may not be able to gain a teaching position right out of college, a great way to get your foot in the door in the schools you would like to teach in is by subbing. Subbing is a great way to meet the administrators and students at the school as well as getting some part-time teaching experience before you obtain a full-time position.\\nSome states and cities require that substitute teachers have a teaching certificate, so you may already have an advantage over others.\\nTake as many substitute teacher positions as possible so you can get a lot of exposure to the schools you are subbing in.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Explore options like Teach for America.\", \"描述\": \"Teach for America is an alternative to directly applying for a position in a school. TFA is an organization that places students passionate about learning in a low income school district and gives them the opportunity to teach for a year. To apply for this program you won't need a teaching certification, but you will need a bachelor's degree.\\nYou will apply to the program through the TFA website, and will be taken through a several part interview process. At the final stage of the interview you will prepare a fake lesson to give in front of some of the staff for Teach for America. You will also have the opportunity to choose the top cities you would like to teach in as well as your preferred subjects and grades you would like to teach. If hired, you will then be placed in one of those cities to begin teaching.\\nWhile TFA is a great way to gain teaching experience, it is not for everyone because oftentimes you won't receive much training beforehand, and for someone who didn't go through the teacher education program, you might be a little lost. Depending on the school district, you may receive adequate help from other faculty, or you may have to navigate most things yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Consider joining the Peace Corps.\", \"描述\": \"The Peace Corps gives you the opportunity to teach in another country, usually in areas that you will be very immersed in the culture. This organization allows you to enter as a \\\"Volunteer,\\\" which means you aren't making a salary, but you will be given a housing and living stipend as well as paid transportation. Peace Corps openings can be found on their website, in a number of different fields, and a minimum of a bachelor's degree with some teaching or tutoring experience is usually required.\\nWith the Peace Corps you will be placed with a host family or in a dwelling determined by the local host organization. You will be asked to adhere to cultural norms, as the Peace Corps is also an opportunity for your to learn about different cultures and respect the differences between your country and the one you visit.\\nThe benefit of the Peace Corps is it gives you teaching experience, but also offers entry into unique graduate school opportunities as well as the option to forgive or defer certain public loans.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Pursue continuing education.\", \"描述\": \"This includes getting a master's or Phd in your desired field. You can also participate in workshops and training sessions that may equip you to serve in different roles or help advance your teaching experience and skills. Some states require you to participate in professional development to renew or maintain your license. Visit or contact your state's agency to learn about the education requirements for your state.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Have fun and be creative. The best way to gain your students' respect and trust is to show them you care about them and that the subject you are teaching is exciting.\\n\", \"Keep yourself posted on changes in certification, requirements, and the job market. You can make nationwide contacts online to find out what states are most friendly to teachers like you. You can also get information on teacher's incentives, such as loan-forgiveness programs.\\n\", \"The Board of Education in different states often has continuing education requirements for teachers to maintain their teaching certificate. Stay up to date on these requirements so that you always have the right certification.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,442 |
How to Become a High School Teacher
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1. Earning Your Credentials
1-1. Prepare to be a teacher before college.
If you are still in high school, you can join a club for future teachers. You can also take a more active role in your school by becoming a peer tutor, starting a club, joining student council, or running for an officer position. Some schools even allow students to be teacher's assistants. If you've already graduated, you can volunteer at a high school, shadow a teacher, or become a substitute teacher.
Take more classes in your desired subject area than required as a way to prepare for your teaching career. For example, if you want to teach math, you could take 4 years of math even though 3 are required.
In the United States, you can join Future Teachers of America while you're in high school. Talk to your school's club adviser to find out how to join your school's branch.
1-2. Earn a bachelor’s degree in the subject you want to teach.
Since high school teachers will need in-depth knowledge about a specific subject area, you will earn your degree in the subject you will teach rather than in education. This may mean majoring in English or Biology rather than education, which is aimed more at elementary school teachers who need general knowledge about all subjects.
Many colleges and universities offer 2 degree tracks for certain majors, 1 for education and 1 for non-education. For example, the English department may offer English and English Education as separate degree plans.
Some colleges and universities offer a degree in secondary education, with an emphasis in your subject area. This can help you learn the skills you need to teach the material rather than just mastering the subject area.
Talk to your academic advisor about your desire to teach so that you can start taking classes related to education.
1-3. Enroll in a Teacher Preparation Program.
You will also need to complete a Teacher Preparation Program, either during or after earning your bachelor’s degree. Many colleges and universities may allow you to complete the Teacher Preparation Program as part of your degree, depending on your state.
On average, these programs take 12-24 months to complete.
You may be able to enroll in a Teacher Preparation Program in your sophomore or junior year of college.
You can find out the state teacher certification requirements for your state here: http://www.teaching-certification.com/teaching-certification-requirements.html.
It's often easier to earn your degree in the state you wish to teach. If you are going to school in a different state, talk to your academic adviser about what steps you should take to ensure you'll be able to attain your teaching certificate in the state you wish to teach.
1-4. Complete a teaching internship.
Your internship will be part of your Teacher Preparation Program. You will work alongside an accomplished teacher to learn how to plan and conduct lessons, as well as how to manage a classroom.
The length of your teaching internship will depend on the requirements of your school. Some schools may only require a semester, while others may require a year.
Teaching internships are also called "student teaching" by some.
Make the most of your internship by asking plenty of questions, trying out different ways of doing things, and taking the advice of the teacher who is acting as your mentor.
Your internship will likely be unpaid.
Try to keep in touch with the professional relationships you make during your internship—these are people who can help you throughout your career.
1-5. Enroll in an ACP if you have a degree.
Alternative certification programs (ACPs) are a great option for people who’ve already earned a bachelor’s degree and have now decided to go into teaching. While they vary by state, alternative certification programs are often accelerated faster than a Teacher Preparation Program, and they allow you to earn money as soon as you enter the classroom.
You will work under a mentor teacher while you complete educational courses.
Because it’s an accelerated program, expect to spend much of your time working and completing your teaching courses.
If you are enrolled in an alternative certification program, you may teach under a probationary certificate for up to two years while you work toward your certification. However, you will need a school to sponsor your temporary certification.
1-6. Pass your certification tests.
Every state has its own tests, but you can expect a requirement to pass a content area test and an exam that shows you know how to properly teach. This will demonstrate to the state and schools you apply to that you have the knowledge and skills needed to teach students in your subject.
Look for preparation materials online or at local bookstores. Your state’s education agency may even provide free test-prep supplies.
The costs of these tests vary by state. For example, certification tests in Texas cost $131 per test.
Most tests are given throughout the year, but some may have a limited offering, depending on your state's schedule. Check the calendar early so that you are able to secure your testing spot in time to meet your goals.
1-7. Apply for your teaching license.
All 50 states require a license to teach, and each state has its own requirements for attaining a teaching license. Visit your state’s education agency to apply for your license.
You will need to go through a background check in order to receive your license. As part of this process, you will likely be fingerprinted.
You will pay a fee to attain your teaching license, which will vary by state.
Your Teacher Preparation Program or alternative certification program may assist you in applying for your license.
You will need to pass all programs and tests before you apply for your license.
Some private schools do not require you to have a teaching license.
2. Gaining the Necessary Experience
2-1. Join a peer tutoring program.
Peer tutoring can be a great way to practice teaching others in a one-on-one setting. Check with your school or contact a local high school to find out if they have a formal peer tutoring program.
If you cannot find a peer tutoring program, you could try to recruit a few tutoring clients on your own. Start by offering your services for free, but if you do a good job tutoring, you may be able to earn extra money that way.
It's best to start tutoring as soon as you decide you want to be a teacher. This will help you gain more experience and find out if teaching others is the right job for you.
2-2. Volunteer to work with young people.
Teachers do more than deliver lessons. They also build a good relationship with their students and will often be in the role of mentor. Gaining experience with youths will help you develop the skills that you will need as a teacher.
Work with scouting programs.
Volunteer at a girls’ or boys’ haven.
Mentor younger students.
Help out with your religious organization’s youth program.
Become a camp counselor.
2-3. Become a substitute teacher.
Substitute teaching is a great way to get classroom experience before you become a teacher. Not only that, but it allows you to get a feel for the culture of the different high schools in your area so that you can decide which schools you’d like to apply to as you search for jobs.
Check the websites of your local school districts for information on how to apply to be a tutor. Some schools will ask you to fill out an online application and come for an interview. Others may use other hiring processes.
While you’re subbing, ask the teachers in the classrooms near yours for advice about teaching.
3. Securing a Teaching Job
3-1. Research local schools so that you can target your applications.
Many schools will have a website and social media accounts where you can learn more about the school, its culture, and how it’s performing. Take note of test scores, results of surveys, and what the school focuses the most attention on.
This will also help you in your interview, as you can answer specifically about that school’s culture and needs.
If your school does not have a website, check with your state’s education agency.
3-2. Research jobs at different kinds of schools.
You could teach at a public, private, charter, or magnet school, so look into all of your options. Each school will offer a different type of student body and leadership, but they will also have different requirements for teachers.
For example, private, charter, and magnet schools all have tougher entrance requirements and may expel students who cause problems. However, they may also want educators who have more experience and/or meet a certain code of conduct. Private schools, for example, may have religious requirements.
3-3. Prepare your resume.
Be sure to include your education, certifications, licenses, and any additional educational courses or workshops you’ve taken. If you don’t have much to include in terms of work experience, include your volunteer work or experience in working with youth.
Keep the "education" portion of your resume at the top within your first 5 years of graduating college. As you gain more work experience, you can move this section to the bottom.
You may even want to include a section detailing your experience with high school-aged children if you don’t have much of a work history.
When you explain the work you have done in the past, try to focus on how it connects to teaching. For example, tell how you presented information, taught new skills to other coworkers, assisted members of the public, or communicated well with others.
If you are still working toward your license or certification, state that it is “in progress” and the date when you will complete it.
3-4. Apply to local schools.
Consult the schools’ websites so that you will know how they accept applications. Many schools now require you to apply online. Write a cover letter for each school where you apply, and provide a copy of your resume. Be sure to send in your college transcripts, certification test scores, and a copy of your teacher's license.
3-5. Apply to a program like Teach for America.
Programs like Teach for America can be a great alternative for people who are having trouble getting their first job. This program will connect you with a job in a low-income district. If you have a bachelor’s degree, you don’t need a certification to apply.
After you apply, you’ll go through several interviews before getting accepted.
If you make it to the final interview, you will develop and give a sample lesson.
While the program chooses the school where you’re placed, you can pick your preferred cities and subjects.
This option is only available in the United States, but there may be similar programs available in your country.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Earning Your Credentials\\n1-1. Prepare to be a teacher before college.\\nIf you are still in high school, you can join a club for future teachers. You can also take a more active role in your school by becoming a peer tutor, starting a club, joining student council, or running for an officer position. Some schools even allow students to be teacher's assistants. If you've already graduated, you can volunteer at a high school, shadow a teacher, or become a substitute teacher.\\nTake more classes in your desired subject area than required as a way to prepare for your teaching career. For example, if you want to teach math, you could take 4 years of math even though 3 are required.\\nIn the United States, you can join Future Teachers of America while you're in high school. Talk to your school's club adviser to find out how to join your school's branch.\\n1-2. Earn a bachelor’s degree in the subject you want to teach.\\nSince high school teachers will need in-depth knowledge about a specific subject area, you will earn your degree in the subject you will teach rather than in education. This may mean majoring in English or Biology rather than education, which is aimed more at elementary school teachers who need general knowledge about all subjects.\\nMany colleges and universities offer 2 degree tracks for certain majors, 1 for education and 1 for non-education. For example, the English department may offer English and English Education as separate degree plans.\\nSome colleges and universities offer a degree in secondary education, with an emphasis in your subject area. This can help you learn the skills you need to teach the material rather than just mastering the subject area.\\nTalk to your academic advisor about your desire to teach so that you can start taking classes related to education.\\n1-3. Enroll in a Teacher Preparation Program.\\nYou will also need to complete a Teacher Preparation Program, either during or after earning your bachelor’s degree. Many colleges and universities may allow you to complete the Teacher Preparation Program as part of your degree, depending on your state.\\nOn average, these programs take 12-24 months to complete.\\nYou may be able to enroll in a Teacher Preparation Program in your sophomore or junior year of college.\\nYou can find out the state teacher certification requirements for your state here: http://www.teaching-certification.com/teaching-certification-requirements.html.\\nIt's often easier to earn your degree in the state you wish to teach. If you are going to school in a different state, talk to your academic adviser about what steps you should take to ensure you'll be able to attain your teaching certificate in the state you wish to teach.\\n1-4. Complete a teaching internship.\\nYour internship will be part of your Teacher Preparation Program. You will work alongside an accomplished teacher to learn how to plan and conduct lessons, as well as how to manage a classroom.\\nThe length of your teaching internship will depend on the requirements of your school. Some schools may only require a semester, while others may require a year.\\nTeaching internships are also called \\\"student teaching\\\" by some.\\nMake the most of your internship by asking plenty of questions, trying out different ways of doing things, and taking the advice of the teacher who is acting as your mentor.\\nYour internship will likely be unpaid.\\nTry to keep in touch with the professional relationships you make during your internship—these are people who can help you throughout your career.\\n1-5. Enroll in an ACP if you have a degree.\\nAlternative certification programs (ACPs) are a great option for people who’ve already earned a bachelor’s degree and have now decided to go into teaching. While they vary by state, alternative certification programs are often accelerated faster than a Teacher Preparation Program, and they allow you to earn money as soon as you enter the classroom.\\nYou will work under a mentor teacher while you complete educational courses.\\nBecause it’s an accelerated program, expect to spend much of your time working and completing your teaching courses.\\nIf you are enrolled in an alternative certification program, you may teach under a probationary certificate for up to two years while you work toward your certification. However, you will need a school to sponsor your temporary certification.\\n1-6. Pass your certification tests.\\nEvery state has its own tests, but you can expect a requirement to pass a content area test and an exam that shows you know how to properly teach. This will demonstrate to the state and schools you apply to that you have the knowledge and skills needed to teach students in your subject.\\nLook for preparation materials online or at local bookstores. Your state’s education agency may even provide free test-prep supplies.\\nThe costs of these tests vary by state. For example, certification tests in Texas cost $131 per test.\\nMost tests are given throughout the year, but some may have a limited offering, depending on your state's schedule. Check the calendar early so that you are able to secure your testing spot in time to meet your goals.\\n1-7. Apply for your teaching license.\\nAll 50 states require a license to teach, and each state has its own requirements for attaining a teaching license. Visit your state’s education agency to apply for your license.\\nYou will need to go through a background check in order to receive your license. As part of this process, you will likely be fingerprinted.\\nYou will pay a fee to attain your teaching license, which will vary by state.\\nYour Teacher Preparation Program or alternative certification program may assist you in applying for your license.\\nYou will need to pass all programs and tests before you apply for your license.\\nSome private schools do not require you to have a teaching license.\\n2. Gaining the Necessary Experience\\n2-1. Join a peer tutoring program.\\nPeer tutoring can be a great way to practice teaching others in a one-on-one setting. Check with your school or contact a local high school to find out if they have a formal peer tutoring program.\\nIf you cannot find a peer tutoring program, you could try to recruit a few tutoring clients on your own. Start by offering your services for free, but if you do a good job tutoring, you may be able to earn extra money that way.\\nIt's best to start tutoring as soon as you decide you want to be a teacher. This will help you gain more experience and find out if teaching others is the right job for you.\\n2-2. Volunteer to work with young people.\\nTeachers do more than deliver lessons. They also build a good relationship with their students and will often be in the role of mentor. Gaining experience with youths will help you develop the skills that you will need as a teacher.\\nWork with scouting programs.\\nVolunteer at a girls’ or boys’ haven.\\nMentor younger students.\\nHelp out with your religious organization’s youth program.\\nBecome a camp counselor.\\n2-3. Become a substitute teacher.\\nSubstitute teaching is a great way to get classroom experience before you become a teacher. Not only that, but it allows you to get a feel for the culture of the different high schools in your area so that you can decide which schools you’d like to apply to as you search for jobs.\\nCheck the websites of your local school districts for information on how to apply to be a tutor. Some schools will ask you to fill out an online application and come for an interview. Others may use other hiring processes.\\nWhile you’re subbing, ask the teachers in the classrooms near yours for advice about teaching.\\n3. Securing a Teaching Job\\n3-1. Research local schools so that you can target your applications.\\nMany schools will have a website and social media accounts where you can learn more about the school, its culture, and how it’s performing. Take note of test scores, results of surveys, and what the school focuses the most attention on.\\nThis will also help you in your interview, as you can answer specifically about that school’s culture and needs.\\nIf your school does not have a website, check with your state’s education agency.\\n3-2. Research jobs at different kinds of schools.\\nYou could teach at a public, private, charter, or magnet school, so look into all of your options. Each school will offer a different type of student body and leadership, but they will also have different requirements for teachers.\\nFor example, private, charter, and magnet schools all have tougher entrance requirements and may expel students who cause problems. However, they may also want educators who have more experience and/or meet a certain code of conduct. Private schools, for example, may have religious requirements.\\n3-3. Prepare your resume.\\nBe sure to include your education, certifications, licenses, and any additional educational courses or workshops you’ve taken. If you don’t have much to include in terms of work experience, include your volunteer work or experience in working with youth.\\nKeep the \\\"education\\\" portion of your resume at the top within your first 5 years of graduating college. As you gain more work experience, you can move this section to the bottom.\\nYou may even want to include a section detailing your experience with high school-aged children if you don’t have much of a work history.\\nWhen you explain the work you have done in the past, try to focus on how it connects to teaching. For example, tell how you presented information, taught new skills to other coworkers, assisted members of the public, or communicated well with others.\\nIf you are still working toward your license or certification, state that it is “in progress” and the date when you will complete it.\\n3-4. Apply to local schools.\\nConsult the schools’ websites so that you will know how they accept applications. Many schools now require you to apply online. Write a cover letter for each school where you apply, and provide a copy of your resume. Be sure to send in your college transcripts, certification test scores, and a copy of your teacher's license.\\n3-5. Apply to a program like Teach for America.\\nPrograms like Teach for America can be a great alternative for people who are having trouble getting their first job. This program will connect you with a job in a low-income district. If you have a bachelor’s degree, you don’t need a certification to apply.\\nAfter you apply, you’ll go through several interviews before getting accepted.\\nIf you make it to the final interview, you will develop and give a sample lesson.\\nWhile the program chooses the school where you’re placed, you can pick your preferred cities and subjects.\\nThis option is only available in the United States, but there may be similar programs available in your country.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Teaching is more than a career -- it’s a calling. If you have a passion for helping others and want to help young people learn, then you may choose to become a high school teacher. Once you’ve decided it's the right career for you, you'll need to earn your credentials and gain experience in working with young people. Then you'll need to apply for teaching jobs. You can also try substitute teaching or applying to a program that helps people get their first teaching job.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earning Your Credentials\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepare to be a teacher before college.\", \"描述\": \"If you are still in high school, you can join a club for future teachers. You can also take a more active role in your school by becoming a peer tutor, starting a club, joining student council, or running for an officer position. Some schools even allow students to be teacher's assistants. If you've already graduated, you can volunteer at a high school, shadow a teacher, or become a substitute teacher.\\nTake more classes in your desired subject area than required as a way to prepare for your teaching career. For example, if you want to teach math, you could take 4 years of math even though 3 are required.\\nIn the United States, you can join Future Teachers of America while you're in high school. Talk to your school's club adviser to find out how to join your school's branch.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn a bachelor’s degree in the subject you want to teach.\", \"描述\": \"Since high school teachers will need in-depth knowledge about a specific subject area, you will earn your degree in the subject you will teach rather than in education. This may mean majoring in English or Biology rather than education, which is aimed more at elementary school teachers who need general knowledge about all subjects.\\nMany colleges and universities offer 2 degree tracks for certain majors, 1 for education and 1 for non-education. For example, the English department may offer English and English Education as separate degree plans.\\nSome colleges and universities offer a degree in secondary education, with an emphasis in your subject area. This can help you learn the skills you need to teach the material rather than just mastering the subject area.\\nTalk to your academic advisor about your desire to teach so that you can start taking classes related to education.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a Teacher Preparation Program.\", \"描述\": \"You will also need to complete a Teacher Preparation Program, either during or after earning your bachelor’s degree. Many colleges and universities may allow you to complete the Teacher Preparation Program as part of your degree, depending on your state.\\nOn average, these programs take 12-24 months to complete.\\nYou may be able to enroll in a Teacher Preparation Program in your sophomore or junior year of college.\\nYou can find out the state teacher certification requirements for your state here: http://www.teaching-certification.com/teaching-certification-requirements.html.\\nIt's often easier to earn your degree in the state you wish to teach. If you are going to school in a different state, talk to your academic adviser about what steps you should take to ensure you'll be able to attain your teaching certificate in the state you wish to teach.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete a teaching internship.\", \"描述\": \"Your internship will be part of your Teacher Preparation Program. You will work alongside an accomplished teacher to learn how to plan and conduct lessons, as well as how to manage a classroom.\\nThe length of your teaching internship will depend on the requirements of your school. Some schools may only require a semester, while others may require a year.\\nTeaching internships are also called \\\"student teaching\\\" by some.\\nMake the most of your internship by asking plenty of questions, trying out different ways of doing things, and taking the advice of the teacher who is acting as your mentor.\\nYour internship will likely be unpaid.\\nTry to keep in touch with the professional relationships you make during your internship—these are people who can help you throughout your career.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Enroll in an ACP if you have a degree.\", \"描述\": \"Alternative certification programs (ACPs) are a great option for people who’ve already earned a bachelor’s degree and have now decided to go into teaching. While they vary by state, alternative certification programs are often accelerated faster than a Teacher Preparation Program, and they allow you to earn money as soon as you enter the classroom.\\nYou will work under a mentor teacher while you complete educational courses.\\nBecause it’s an accelerated program, expect to spend much of your time working and completing your teaching courses.\\nIf you are enrolled in an alternative certification program, you may teach under a probationary certificate for up to two years while you work toward your certification. However, you will need a school to sponsor your temporary certification.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pass your certification tests.\", \"描述\": \"Every state has its own tests, but you can expect a requirement to pass a content area test and an exam that shows you know how to properly teach. This will demonstrate to the state and schools you apply to that you have the knowledge and skills needed to teach students in your subject.\\nLook for preparation materials online or at local bookstores. Your state’s education agency may even provide free test-prep supplies.\\nThe costs of these tests vary by state. For example, certification tests in Texas cost $131 per test.\\nMost tests are given throughout the year, but some may have a limited offering, depending on your state's schedule. Check the calendar early so that you are able to secure your testing spot in time to meet your goals.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Apply for your teaching license.\", \"描述\": \"All 50 states require a license to teach, and each state has its own requirements for attaining a teaching license. Visit your state’s education agency to apply for your license.\\nYou will need to go through a background check in order to receive your license. As part of this process, you will likely be fingerprinted.\\nYou will pay a fee to attain your teaching license, which will vary by state.\\nYour Teacher Preparation Program or alternative certification program may assist you in applying for your license.\\nYou will need to pass all programs and tests before you apply for your license.\\nSome private schools do not require you to have a teaching license.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining the Necessary Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join a peer tutoring program.\", \"描述\": \"Peer tutoring can be a great way to practice teaching others in a one-on-one setting. Check with your school or contact a local high school to find out if they have a formal peer tutoring program.\\nIf you cannot find a peer tutoring program, you could try to recruit a few tutoring clients on your own. Start by offering your services for free, but if you do a good job tutoring, you may be able to earn extra money that way.\\nIt's best to start tutoring as soon as you decide you want to be a teacher. This will help you gain more experience and find out if teaching others is the right job for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Volunteer to work with young people.\", \"描述\": \"Teachers do more than deliver lessons. They also build a good relationship with their students and will often be in the role of mentor. Gaining experience with youths will help you develop the skills that you will need as a teacher.\\nWork with scouting programs.\\nVolunteer at a girls’ or boys’ haven.\\nMentor younger students.\\nHelp out with your religious organization’s youth program.\\nBecome a camp counselor.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Become a substitute teacher.\", \"描述\": \"Substitute teaching is a great way to get classroom experience before you become a teacher. Not only that, but it allows you to get a feel for the culture of the different high schools in your area so that you can decide which schools you’d like to apply to as you search for jobs.\\nCheck the websites of your local school districts for information on how to apply to be a tutor. Some schools will ask you to fill out an online application and come for an interview. Others may use other hiring processes.\\nWhile you’re subbing, ask the teachers in the classrooms near yours for advice about teaching.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Securing a Teaching Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research local schools so that you can target your applications.\", \"描述\": \"Many schools will have a website and social media accounts where you can learn more about the school, its culture, and how it’s performing. Take note of test scores, results of surveys, and what the school focuses the most attention on.\\nThis will also help you in your interview, as you can answer specifically about that school’s culture and needs.\\nIf your school does not have a website, check with your state’s education agency.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Research jobs at different kinds of schools.\", \"描述\": \"You could teach at a public, private, charter, or magnet school, so look into all of your options. Each school will offer a different type of student body and leadership, but they will also have different requirements for teachers.\\nFor example, private, charter, and magnet schools all have tougher entrance requirements and may expel students who cause problems. However, they may also want educators who have more experience and/or meet a certain code of conduct. Private schools, for example, may have religious requirements.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare your resume.\", \"描述\": \"Be sure to include your education, certifications, licenses, and any additional educational courses or workshops you’ve taken. If you don’t have much to include in terms of work experience, include your volunteer work or experience in working with youth.\\nKeep the \\\"education\\\" portion of your resume at the top within your first 5 years of graduating college. As you gain more work experience, you can move this section to the bottom.\\nYou may even want to include a section detailing your experience with high school-aged children if you don’t have much of a work history.\\nWhen you explain the work you have done in the past, try to focus on how it connects to teaching. For example, tell how you presented information, taught new skills to other coworkers, assisted members of the public, or communicated well with others.\\nIf you are still working toward your license or certification, state that it is “in progress” and the date when you will complete it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply to local schools.\", \"描述\": \"Consult the schools’ websites so that you will know how they accept applications. Many schools now require you to apply online. Write a cover letter for each school where you apply, and provide a copy of your resume. Be sure to send in your college transcripts, certification test scores, and a copy of your teacher's license.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply to a program like Teach for America.\", \"描述\": \"Programs like Teach for America can be a great alternative for people who are having trouble getting their first job. This program will connect you with a job in a low-income district. If you have a bachelor’s degree, you don’t need a certification to apply.\\nAfter you apply, you’ll go through several interviews before getting accepted.\\nIf you make it to the final interview, you will develop and give a sample lesson.\\nWhile the program chooses the school where you’re placed, you can pick your preferred cities and subjects.\\nThis option is only available in the United States, but there may be similar programs available in your country.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,443 |
How to Become a Hip Hop Music Producer
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1. Learning The Craft
1-1. Fall in love with hip-hop.
Know before you begin that the music industry is notoriously difficult to break into, so you need to be pursuing hip-hop because you love it, not to make a quick buck. Listen to as many rappers and producers as you can, discovering what sounds you love and what style of music you want to make. The more you know about hip-hop, the better equipped you will be to make it.
Hip-hop is one of the easiest genres to get into, thanks to the wide variety of free music available at mixtape websites like Datpiff, LiveMixtapes, and HotNewHipHop.
1-2. Listen to a wide array of music.
Hip-hop producers are famous for pulling diverse musical influences and trends together to create something new, so look for good music wherever you can find it. RZA and got famous digging through old soul albums, Russell Simmons and Rick Rubin made waves bringing rock & roll into rap, and Kanye uses a full classical orchestra behind many of his beats. There is no genre that you cannot find inspiration in as a hip-hop producer.
Listen to music for its quality, not because of its genre or reputation.
Keep notes of music you like so you can find it, and potentially use it, later.
1-3. Learn music theory and history.
Production is the process of creating an instrumental track, but in the case of hip-hop, you will usually be "playing" all of the instruments. To have full control over your sound you need to know how music works, including time signatures, chord progression, music theory, and instrumentation.
Learn how to play an instrument. Since many beats are made with a keyboard, try starting with a piano.
1-4. Buy beat-making equipment.
Hip-hop has a low barrier to entry because you can theoretically make beats with nothing more than a reasonably powerful computer. These days, extra tools can plug right into your computer to give you even greater control over your music, however, and are nearly invaluable.
Perhaps the second most important tool next to a computer, keyboards allow you to create your own melodies and physically play your beat, which is usually much faster than inputting the notes into the computer.
incredibly versatile rhythm instruments, drum machines let you assign any sound you want to a small pad then play that sound as if it was a drum. You can program it with drums, cymbals, percussion instruments, notes, or even random sounds.
Essential if you want to record vocal tracks, microphones also let you record other instruments and sounds to incorporate into your beats.
Complex but powerful, MIDI controllers give you the ability to adjust tone, rhythm, loops, drums, and beats with the touch of a button. Many high-end keyboards and drum machines come with attached MIDI Controllers.
Be sure to invest in good speakers so you can hear your music at the highest possible quality, that way you can be sure your listeners are hearing what you want them to hear.
1-5. Choose audio production software.
Known as a Digital Audio Workstation (DAW), there are hundreds of options out there. While there is a lot of variability in features, usability, and reliability, most of them are pretty similar in execution. Different instrument parts are dragged into a timeline where they can be layered, edited, and repeated to form your song. Choose the program you are most comfortable with and learn everything you can about it.
Some free programs to begin practicing on are Audacity, GarageBand (Mac), Cecilia, and Mixx.
For more committed beatmakers, check out paid programs like Pro Tools, Logic, MuTools, MixCraft, or Cubase.
Every software has tons of tutorials, tips, and tricks available online, and you should learn as much about your DAW as you possibly can.
1-6. Experiment with sounds and equipment.
This is the only way to get familiar with your equipment and to learn what kind of music you'd like to make. Make as many beats as you can, even if they are only 30 seconds long, and dig into all of the instruments you have access to.
Try recreating some of your favorite beats. You can download packs of sounds that famous producers use online and play with them to see how they're used.
2. Building Beats
2-1. Design the drum beat first.
The drums are the most important part of your beat and form the structure to the entire song. Especially in hip-hop, where singers need a steady rhythm to rap over, you need to create a solid foundation for melody, vocals, and orchestration.
Start with the classic trio of drum beats -- kick drum, snare, and hi-hat. Play with these three drums to produce the bouncy, up-tempo feel of classic rap and hip-hop songs. Ex. DJ Premier's famous beats on the album Step in the Arena.
Download free drum packs online to find unique percussion and sounds the incorporate into your songs.
Experiment with other sounds for percussion. Producers such as J Dilla (Ex. "Waves") became famous for using voices, sirens, pops, and other noises in place of drums. (Ex. 50 Cent's "Heat" uses gun noises for percussion)
2-2. Build in a bass line.
Hip-hop has its roots in jazz, funk, and soul, and just like the genres that spawned it, all hip-hop tracks require two basic instruments: drums and bass. A bass line gives your song a basic template for the melody
Bass lines can be a simple, like Nas' "Memory Lane (Sittin' in the Park)," or complex, like Common's "Be (Intro)."
Practice meshing the bass line with your kick drum, as they both emit low frequency notes. Layer them so you can hear both, like in the songs above.
2-3. Add in orchestration and melody instruments.
Once you've established the "groove" of the song with bass and drums, it's time to make it really shine. This is where you get to design the feel of a song. If you want an RnB inspired song, for example, you'll want piano, some horns, and maybe some jazzy guitar (Ex. Blues Scholars "The Ave"). If you want an epic, cinematic song you'll be adding strings, tubas, gongs, etc (Ex. Big Boi's "General Patton").
Play around with sounds constantly-- the only way to find out what sounds best is to try out as many different orchestrations as possible.
2-4. Learn how to loop.
Looping is when you take several bars of music and repeat throughout a song so it sounds like someone is playing the part the entire time. It allows you to create a consistent beat for the MC to rap over and keeps you from tediously writing out the same part over and over again.
The best loops are seamless. That is, it is impossible to tell that the part was essentially copy and pasted together.
2-5. Learn how to sample.
Sampling is when you splice bit of other songs into your song, using the old part to create something entirely new. Sampling is one of the building blocks of hip-hop producing, but you should always do it with caution -- sampling without permission can be illegal.
Use sample sparingly, finding 2-3 notes that you like and distorting them, repeating them, or chopping them up into something new.
2-6. Add the vocals.
Whether you do them yourself or have someone else rapping, record the vocals to your song and tinker with the length, chorus placement, and any intros or outros you want.
2-7. Finish the songs with accents, beat drops, and surprise.
Use your producing skills to mesh the lyrics with the beat. For example, at a moment when the lyrics reference the police, it is common to put a siren sound in the song. When you hear particularly powerful lines or rhythms, considering muting the beat so that listeners can hear the rapper clearly, then jumping back in as a surprise.
Build up the beat-- start the song with just drums and bass, and add an instrument each verse, then break it down in the outro (Ex. Outkast's "Slump")
Add subtle accents -- even noises that are hard to hear can give the song depth.
2-8. Refine your beats.
Read your software manual and learn about EQ, effects and quantization, and use them where necessary.
Also known as equalization, this is where you adjust the volume, frequency, and sounds of the entire song so that all the parts fit smoothly together.
There are endless effects, all of which adjust or alter the sound of an instrument to make it fit the mood of the song. They can create echoes, change tones, subtly adjust notes, and much more. They are never permanent, so test them out on every instrument.
The art of taking hand-made notes or beats and electronically lining them up with the beat. Quantization is crucial to make a song sound clean and professional, but overdoing it may make a song seem robotic and bland.
2-9. Break all the rules.
The best hip-hop producers forged their own path, learning from the masters while trying things no one else has. Make a song without drums, sample from a polka tune, or use a live band to make your tracks. Follow your creative instincts and keep your ears open to stand out as a producer.
3. Becoming a Professional Producer
3-1. Share your beats with people.
If you want to become a professional, you have to start sharing your songs with friends, family, and strangers. This can be scary, but just remember that music is meant to be shared, and is more fun with other people.
Start with close friends and family members so you feel comfortable with feedback.
Never let anyone tell you that "you can't make music." If this is your dream, keep practicing and trying.
Put your music online for instant feedback and listeners. Youtube, SoundCloud, Reddit, ReverbNation--the opportunities to share your talent are endless!
3-2. Promote yourself.
Once you've got other people nodding their heads to your music, start promoting yourself. Sites such as rocbattle.com, soundclick.com, givemebeats.net, and cdbaby.com are made to promote young producers.
Become active on social media to tap into the largest market you possibly can.
Attend hip-hop shows and network with local musicians and producers.
3-3. Collaborate with other rappers and producers.
Part of the beauty of hip-hop is how collaborative it is. Producers and rappers mix and match regularly, finding new inspiration from other musicians and helping each other gain notoriety.
Ask rappers you know if you can produce a song for them.
Offer your beats online, hip-hop forums from Reddit to DatPiff are full of rappers looking for a beat to rap over.
3-4. Produce a mixtape.
Mixtapes are free albums posted online that act as resumes for the hip-hop community. Even if you cannot get a rapper to give you vocals, put together a collection of songs that people can download and share.
3-5. Keep making beats.
Kanye West famously proclaimed that he produced "five beats a day for three summers," but that is what it took to break into the industry. Only those that practice every day, make beats for anyone who asks, and constantly learn new tricks will become successful hip-hop producers. Even if you only want to produce for fun, you'll find the only way to really become a hip-hop producer is to produce some hip-hop.
Tips
Make sure you volume each instrument correctly. Louder is not necessarily better.
Try everything. Nothing is wrong. If people like it, or even if only you like it, it's right.
Collaborate with other producers for developing new ideas.
Warnings
Don't expect to make a living out of this unless you are willing to work the hardest you have ever worked in your life. It's not an easy market to enter into unless you are very determined and will not give up easily. Remember, you might just make it---it is a crowded market.
Don't get discouraged by critics.
The software for FL Studio is nearly 200MB, but it is well worth the price. An outstanding program, especially for creative users. You can develop your skills to make a sturdy tool out of it
Do not ask a question about how to do something without reading the manual or searching the internet first. Hip hop producers will be very helpful if you follow this one rule.
Don't use abusive language. It should be avoided at all costs.
Keep at it. If you are sure this is a passion you wish to develop, then make a way to integrate it into your life until it is mature enough to be where you want it.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning The Craft\\n1-1. Fall in love with hip-hop.\\nKnow before you begin that the music industry is notoriously difficult to break into, so you need to be pursuing hip-hop because you love it, not to make a quick buck. Listen to as many rappers and producers as you can, discovering what sounds you love and what style of music you want to make. The more you know about hip-hop, the better equipped you will be to make it.\\nHip-hop is one of the easiest genres to get into, thanks to the wide variety of free music available at mixtape websites like Datpiff, LiveMixtapes, and HotNewHipHop.\\n1-2. Listen to a wide array of music.\\nHip-hop producers are famous for pulling diverse musical influences and trends together to create something new, so look for good music wherever you can find it. RZA and got famous digging through old soul albums, Russell Simmons and Rick Rubin made waves bringing rock & roll into rap, and Kanye uses a full classical orchestra behind many of his beats. There is no genre that you cannot find inspiration in as a hip-hop producer.\\nListen to music for its quality, not because of its genre or reputation.\\nKeep notes of music you like so you can find it, and potentially use it, later.\\n1-3. Learn music theory and history.\\nProduction is the process of creating an instrumental track, but in the case of hip-hop, you will usually be \\\"playing\\\" all of the instruments. To have full control over your sound you need to know how music works, including time signatures, chord progression, music theory, and instrumentation. \\nLearn how to play an instrument. Since many beats are made with a keyboard, try starting with a piano.\\n1-4. Buy beat-making equipment.\\nHip-hop has a low barrier to entry because you can theoretically make beats with nothing more than a reasonably powerful computer. These days, extra tools can plug right into your computer to give you even greater control over your music, however, and are nearly invaluable.\\n\\n Perhaps the second most important tool next to a computer, keyboards allow you to create your own melodies and physically play your beat, which is usually much faster than inputting the notes into the computer.\\n incredibly versatile rhythm instruments, drum machines let you assign any sound you want to a small pad then play that sound as if it was a drum. You can program it with drums, cymbals, percussion instruments, notes, or even random sounds.\\n Essential if you want to record vocal tracks, microphones also let you record other instruments and sounds to incorporate into your beats.\\n Complex but powerful, MIDI controllers give you the ability to adjust tone, rhythm, loops, drums, and beats with the touch of a button. Many high-end keyboards and drum machines come with attached MIDI Controllers.\\n Be sure to invest in good speakers so you can hear your music at the highest possible quality, that way you can be sure your listeners are hearing what you want them to hear.\\n1-5. Choose audio production software.\\nKnown as a Digital Audio Workstation (DAW), there are hundreds of options out there. While there is a lot of variability in features, usability, and reliability, most of them are pretty similar in execution. Different instrument parts are dragged into a timeline where they can be layered, edited, and repeated to form your song. Choose the program you are most comfortable with and learn everything you can about it.\\nSome free programs to begin practicing on are Audacity, GarageBand (Mac), Cecilia, and Mixx.\\nFor more committed beatmakers, check out paid programs like Pro Tools, Logic, MuTools, MixCraft, or Cubase.\\nEvery software has tons of tutorials, tips, and tricks available online, and you should learn as much about your DAW as you possibly can.\\n1-6. Experiment with sounds and equipment.\\nThis is the only way to get familiar with your equipment and to learn what kind of music you'd like to make. Make as many beats as you can, even if they are only 30 seconds long, and dig into all of the instruments you have access to.\\nTry recreating some of your favorite beats. You can download packs of sounds that famous producers use online and play with them to see how they're used.\\n2. Building Beats\\n2-1. Design the drum beat first.\\nThe drums are the most important part of your beat and form the structure to the entire song. Especially in hip-hop, where singers need a steady rhythm to rap over, you need to create a solid foundation for melody, vocals, and orchestration.\\nStart with the classic trio of drum beats -- kick drum, snare, and hi-hat. Play with these three drums to produce the bouncy, up-tempo feel of classic rap and hip-hop songs. Ex. DJ Premier's famous beats on the album Step in the Arena. \\nDownload free drum packs online to find unique percussion and sounds the incorporate into your songs.\\nExperiment with other sounds for percussion. Producers such as J Dilla (Ex. \\\"Waves\\\") became famous for using voices, sirens, pops, and other noises in place of drums. (Ex. 50 Cent's \\\"Heat\\\" uses gun noises for percussion)\\n2-2. Build in a bass line.\\nHip-hop has its roots in jazz, funk, and soul, and just like the genres that spawned it, all hip-hop tracks require two basic instruments: drums and bass. A bass line gives your song a basic template for the melody\\nBass lines can be a simple, like Nas' \\\"Memory Lane (Sittin' in the Park),\\\" or complex, like Common's \\\"Be (Intro).\\\"\\nPractice meshing the bass line with your kick drum, as they both emit low frequency notes. Layer them so you can hear both, like in the songs above.\\n2-3. Add in orchestration and melody instruments.\\nOnce you've established the \\\"groove\\\" of the song with bass and drums, it's time to make it really shine. This is where you get to design the feel of a song. If you want an RnB inspired song, for example, you'll want piano, some horns, and maybe some jazzy guitar (Ex. Blues Scholars \\\"The Ave\\\"). If you want an epic, cinematic song you'll be adding strings, tubas, gongs, etc (Ex. Big Boi's \\\"General Patton\\\").\\nPlay around with sounds constantly-- the only way to find out what sounds best is to try out as many different orchestrations as possible.\\n2-4. Learn how to loop.\\nLooping is when you take several bars of music and repeat throughout a song so it sounds like someone is playing the part the entire time. It allows you to create a consistent beat for the MC to rap over and keeps you from tediously writing out the same part over and over again.\\nThe best loops are seamless. That is, it is impossible to tell that the part was essentially copy and pasted together.\\n2-5. Learn how to sample.\\nSampling is when you splice bit of other songs into your song, using the old part to create something entirely new. Sampling is one of the building blocks of hip-hop producing, but you should always do it with caution -- sampling without permission can be illegal.\\nUse sample sparingly, finding 2-3 notes that you like and distorting them, repeating them, or chopping them up into something new.\\n2-6. Add the vocals.\\nWhether you do them yourself or have someone else rapping, record the vocals to your song and tinker with the length, chorus placement, and any intros or outros you want.\\n2-7. Finish the songs with accents, beat drops, and surprise.\\nUse your producing skills to mesh the lyrics with the beat. For example, at a moment when the lyrics reference the police, it is common to put a siren sound in the song. When you hear particularly powerful lines or rhythms, considering muting the beat so that listeners can hear the rapper clearly, then jumping back in as a surprise.\\nBuild up the beat-- start the song with just drums and bass, and add an instrument each verse, then break it down in the outro (Ex. Outkast's \\\"Slump\\\")\\nAdd subtle accents -- even noises that are hard to hear can give the song depth.\\n2-8. Refine your beats.\\nRead your software manual and learn about EQ, effects and quantization, and use them where necessary.\\n\\n Also known as equalization, this is where you adjust the volume, frequency, and sounds of the entire song so that all the parts fit smoothly together.\\n There are endless effects, all of which adjust or alter the sound of an instrument to make it fit the mood of the song. They can create echoes, change tones, subtly adjust notes, and much more. They are never permanent, so test them out on every instrument.\\n The art of taking hand-made notes or beats and electronically lining them up with the beat. Quantization is crucial to make a song sound clean and professional, but overdoing it may make a song seem robotic and bland.\\n2-9. Break all the rules.\\nThe best hip-hop producers forged their own path, learning from the masters while trying things no one else has. Make a song without drums, sample from a polka tune, or use a live band to make your tracks. Follow your creative instincts and keep your ears open to stand out as a producer.\\n3. Becoming a Professional Producer\\n3-1. Share your beats with people.\\nIf you want to become a professional, you have to start sharing your songs with friends, family, and strangers. This can be scary, but just remember that music is meant to be shared, and is more fun with other people.\\nStart with close friends and family members so you feel comfortable with feedback.\\nNever let anyone tell you that \\\"you can't make music.\\\" If this is your dream, keep practicing and trying.\\nPut your music online for instant feedback and listeners. Youtube, SoundCloud, Reddit, ReverbNation--the opportunities to share your talent are endless!\\n3-2. Promote yourself.\\nOnce you've got other people nodding their heads to your music, start promoting yourself. Sites such as rocbattle.com, soundclick.com, givemebeats.net, and cdbaby.com are made to promote young producers.\\nBecome active on social media to tap into the largest market you possibly can.\\nAttend hip-hop shows and network with local musicians and producers.\\n3-3. Collaborate with other rappers and producers.\\nPart of the beauty of hip-hop is how collaborative it is. Producers and rappers mix and match regularly, finding new inspiration from other musicians and helping each other gain notoriety.\\nAsk rappers you know if you can produce a song for them.\\nOffer your beats online, hip-hop forums from Reddit to DatPiff are full of rappers looking for a beat to rap over.\\n3-4. Produce a mixtape.\\nMixtapes are free albums posted online that act as resumes for the hip-hop community. Even if you cannot get a rapper to give you vocals, put together a collection of songs that people can download and share.\\n3-5. Keep making beats.\\nKanye West famously proclaimed that he produced \\\"five beats a day for three summers,\\\" but that is what it took to break into the industry. Only those that practice every day, make beats for anyone who asks, and constantly learn new tricks will become successful hip-hop producers. Even if you only want to produce for fun, you'll find the only way to really become a hip-hop producer is to produce some hip-hop.\\nTips\\nMake sure you volume each instrument correctly. Louder is not necessarily better.\\nTry everything. Nothing is wrong. If people like it, or even if only you like it, it's right.\\nCollaborate with other producers for developing new ideas.\\nWarnings\\nDon't expect to make a living out of this unless you are willing to work the hardest you have ever worked in your life. It's not an easy market to enter into unless you are very determined and will not give up easily. Remember, you might just make it---it is a crowded market.\\nDon't get discouraged by critics.\\nThe software for FL Studio is nearly 200MB, but it is well worth the price. An outstanding program, especially for creative users. You can develop your skills to make a sturdy tool out of it\\nDo not ask a question about how to do something without reading the manual or searching the internet first. Hip hop producers will be very helpful if you follow this one rule.\\nDon't use abusive language. It should be avoided at all costs.\\nKeep at it. If you are sure this is a passion you wish to develop, then make a way to integrate it into your life until it is mature enough to be where you want it.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"While rappers often get the fame and credit, producers are the heart and soul of hip-hop. Producers make the instrumental \\\"beats\\\" that rappers need in order to be heard, crafting the hooks, melodies, and rhythms that the world loves to listen to. There are many types of producers and an infinite number of styles to try, but there are a few common steps that every producer shares.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning The Craft\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Fall in love with hip-hop.\", \"描述\": \"Know before you begin that the music industry is notoriously difficult to break into, so you need to be pursuing hip-hop because you love it, not to make a quick buck. Listen to as many rappers and producers as you can, discovering what sounds you love and what style of music you want to make. The more you know about hip-hop, the better equipped you will be to make it.\\nHip-hop is one of the easiest genres to get into, thanks to the wide variety of free music available at mixtape websites like Datpiff, LiveMixtapes, and HotNewHipHop.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Listen to a wide array of music.\", \"描述\": \"Hip-hop producers are famous for pulling diverse musical influences and trends together to create something new, so look for good music wherever you can find it. RZA and got famous digging through old soul albums, Russell Simmons and Rick Rubin made waves bringing rock & roll into rap, and Kanye uses a full classical orchestra behind many of his beats. There is no genre that you cannot find inspiration in as a hip-hop producer.\\nListen to music for its quality, not because of its genre or reputation.\\nKeep notes of music you like so you can find it, and potentially use it, later.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn music theory and history.\", \"描述\": \"Production is the process of creating an instrumental track, but in the case of hip-hop, you will usually be \\\"playing\\\" all of the instruments. To have full control over your sound you need to know how music works, including time signatures, chord progression, music theory, and instrumentation. \\nLearn how to play an instrument. Since many beats are made with a keyboard, try starting with a piano.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Buy beat-making equipment.\", \"描述\": \"Hip-hop has a low barrier to entry because you can theoretically make beats with nothing more than a reasonably powerful computer. These days, extra tools can plug right into your computer to give you even greater control over your music, however, and are nearly invaluable.\\n\\n Perhaps the second most important tool next to a computer, keyboards allow you to create your own melodies and physically play your beat, which is usually much faster than inputting the notes into the computer.\\n incredibly versatile rhythm instruments, drum machines let you assign any sound you want to a small pad then play that sound as if it was a drum. You can program it with drums, cymbals, percussion instruments, notes, or even random sounds.\\n Essential if you want to record vocal tracks, microphones also let you record other instruments and sounds to incorporate into your beats.\\n Complex but powerful, MIDI controllers give you the ability to adjust tone, rhythm, loops, drums, and beats with the touch of a button. Many high-end keyboards and drum machines come with attached MIDI Controllers.\\n Be sure to invest in good speakers so you can hear your music at the highest possible quality, that way you can be sure your listeners are hearing what you want them to hear.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Choose audio production software.\", \"描述\": \"Known as a Digital Audio Workstation (DAW), there are hundreds of options out there. While there is a lot of variability in features, usability, and reliability, most of them are pretty similar in execution. Different instrument parts are dragged into a timeline where they can be layered, edited, and repeated to form your song. Choose the program you are most comfortable with and learn everything you can about it.\\nSome free programs to begin practicing on are Audacity, GarageBand (Mac), Cecilia, and Mixx.\\nFor more committed beatmakers, check out paid programs like Pro Tools, Logic, MuTools, MixCraft, or Cubase.\\nEvery software has tons of tutorials, tips, and tricks available online, and you should learn as much about your DAW as you possibly can.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Experiment with sounds and equipment.\", \"描述\": \"This is the only way to get familiar with your equipment and to learn what kind of music you'd like to make. Make as many beats as you can, even if they are only 30 seconds long, and dig into all of the instruments you have access to.\\nTry recreating some of your favorite beats. You can download packs of sounds that famous producers use online and play with them to see how they're used.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building Beats\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Design the drum beat first.\", \"描述\": \"The drums are the most important part of your beat and form the structure to the entire song. Especially in hip-hop, where singers need a steady rhythm to rap over, you need to create a solid foundation for melody, vocals, and orchestration.\\nStart with the classic trio of drum beats -- kick drum, snare, and hi-hat. Play with these three drums to produce the bouncy, up-tempo feel of classic rap and hip-hop songs. Ex. DJ Premier's famous beats on the album Step in the Arena. \\nDownload free drum packs online to find unique percussion and sounds the incorporate into your songs.\\nExperiment with other sounds for percussion. Producers such as J Dilla (Ex. \\\"Waves\\\") became famous for using voices, sirens, pops, and other noises in place of drums. (Ex. 50 Cent's \\\"Heat\\\" uses gun noises for percussion)\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Build in a bass line.\", \"描述\": \"Hip-hop has its roots in jazz, funk, and soul, and just like the genres that spawned it, all hip-hop tracks require two basic instruments: drums and bass. A bass line gives your song a basic template for the melody\\nBass lines can be a simple, like Nas' \\\"Memory Lane (Sittin' in the Park),\\\" or complex, like Common's \\\"Be (Intro).\\\"\\nPractice meshing the bass line with your kick drum, as they both emit low frequency notes. Layer them so you can hear both, like in the songs above.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add in orchestration and melody instruments.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've established the \\\"groove\\\" of the song with bass and drums, it's time to make it really shine. This is where you get to design the feel of a song. If you want an RnB inspired song, for example, you'll want piano, some horns, and maybe some jazzy guitar (Ex. Blues Scholars \\\"The Ave\\\"). If you want an epic, cinematic song you'll be adding strings, tubas, gongs, etc (Ex. Big Boi's \\\"General Patton\\\").\\nPlay around with sounds constantly-- the only way to find out what sounds best is to try out as many different orchestrations as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn how to loop.\", \"描述\": \"Looping is when you take several bars of music and repeat throughout a song so it sounds like someone is playing the part the entire time. It allows you to create a consistent beat for the MC to rap over and keeps you from tediously writing out the same part over and over again.\\nThe best loops are seamless. That is, it is impossible to tell that the part was essentially copy and pasted together.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Learn how to sample.\", \"描述\": \"Sampling is when you splice bit of other songs into your song, using the old part to create something entirely new. Sampling is one of the building blocks of hip-hop producing, but you should always do it with caution -- sampling without permission can be illegal.\\nUse sample sparingly, finding 2-3 notes that you like and distorting them, repeating them, or chopping them up into something new.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Add the vocals.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you do them yourself or have someone else rapping, record the vocals to your song and tinker with the length, chorus placement, and any intros or outros you want.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Finish the songs with accents, beat drops, and surprise.\", \"描述\": \"Use your producing skills to mesh the lyrics with the beat. For example, at a moment when the lyrics reference the police, it is common to put a siren sound in the song. When you hear particularly powerful lines or rhythms, considering muting the beat so that listeners can hear the rapper clearly, then jumping back in as a surprise.\\nBuild up the beat-- start the song with just drums and bass, and add an instrument each verse, then break it down in the outro (Ex. Outkast's \\\"Slump\\\")\\nAdd subtle accents -- even noises that are hard to hear can give the song depth.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Refine your beats.\", \"描述\": \"Read your software manual and learn about EQ, effects and quantization, and use them where necessary.\\n\\n Also known as equalization, this is where you adjust the volume, frequency, and sounds of the entire song so that all the parts fit smoothly together.\\n There are endless effects, all of which adjust or alter the sound of an instrument to make it fit the mood of the song. They can create echoes, change tones, subtly adjust notes, and much more. They are never permanent, so test them out on every instrument.\\n The art of taking hand-made notes or beats and electronically lining them up with the beat. Quantization is crucial to make a song sound clean and professional, but overdoing it may make a song seem robotic and bland.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Break all the rules.\", \"描述\": \"The best hip-hop producers forged their own path, learning from the masters while trying things no one else has. Make a song without drums, sample from a polka tune, or use a live band to make your tracks. Follow your creative instincts and keep your ears open to stand out as a producer.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Professional Producer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Share your beats with people.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to become a professional, you have to start sharing your songs with friends, family, and strangers. This can be scary, but just remember that music is meant to be shared, and is more fun with other people.\\nStart with close friends and family members so you feel comfortable with feedback.\\nNever let anyone tell you that \\\"you can't make music.\\\" If this is your dream, keep practicing and trying.\\nPut your music online for instant feedback and listeners. Youtube, SoundCloud, Reddit, ReverbNation--the opportunities to share your talent are endless!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Promote yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've got other people nodding their heads to your music, start promoting yourself. Sites such as rocbattle.com, soundclick.com, givemebeats.net, and cdbaby.com are made to promote young producers.\\nBecome active on social media to tap into the largest market you possibly can.\\nAttend hip-hop shows and network with local musicians and producers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Collaborate with other rappers and producers.\", \"描述\": \"Part of the beauty of hip-hop is how collaborative it is. Producers and rappers mix and match regularly, finding new inspiration from other musicians and helping each other gain notoriety.\\nAsk rappers you know if you can produce a song for them.\\nOffer your beats online, hip-hop forums from Reddit to DatPiff are full of rappers looking for a beat to rap over.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Produce a mixtape.\", \"描述\": \"Mixtapes are free albums posted online that act as resumes for the hip-hop community. Even if you cannot get a rapper to give you vocals, put together a collection of songs that people can download and share.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep making beats.\", \"描述\": \"Kanye West famously proclaimed that he produced \\\"five beats a day for three summers,\\\" but that is what it took to break into the industry. Only those that practice every day, make beats for anyone who asks, and constantly learn new tricks will become successful hip-hop producers. Even if you only want to produce for fun, you'll find the only way to really become a hip-hop producer is to produce some hip-hop.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Make sure you volume each instrument correctly. Louder is not necessarily better.\\n\", \"Try everything. Nothing is wrong. If people like it, or even if only you like it, it's right.\\n\", \"Collaborate with other producers for developing new ideas.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Don't expect to make a living out of this unless you are willing to work the hardest you have ever worked in your life. It's not an easy market to enter into unless you are very determined and will not give up easily. Remember, you might just make it---it is a crowded market.\\n\", \"Don't get discouraged by critics.\\n\", \"The software for FL Studio is nearly 200MB, but it is well worth the price. An outstanding program, especially for creative users. You can develop your skills to make a sturdy tool out of it\\n\", \"Do not ask a question about how to do something without reading the manual or searching the internet first. Hip hop producers will be very helpful if you follow this one rule.\\n\", \"Don't use abusive language. It should be avoided at all costs.\\n\", \"Keep at it. If you are sure this is a passion you wish to develop, then make a way to integrate it into your life until it is mature enough to be where you want it.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,444 |
How to Become a Historian
|
1. Completing Your Initial Education
1-1. Develop your reading and writing skills in high school.
Select additional history or English courses as your electives. Take as many advanced placement (AP) courses as you can. These will help to prepare you for college-level essay writing. Join clubs that emphasize critical thinking and the use of evidence, such as Mock Trial.
1-2. Get your college degree in history or a related subject.
It’s best if you major in history at the undergraduate level, but a degree in English, Legal Studies, or another humanities or social sciences field can be useful as well. You’ll need a B.A., at minimum, to go after a career as a professional historian. Getting into a great university and achieving high grades will make transitioning to graduate school or real-world employment easier, too.
Seize any opportunities to distinguish yourself as a history scholar, such as writing an honor’s thesis.
If you choose a major outside of history, make sure to fit a number of history classes into your schedule regardless. It’s especially important to enroll in classes where you’ll be given the opportunity to conduct research with materials from other time periods.
Plan your classes in a way that ensures that you’ll work with the same professors multiple times prior to your senior year. This makes it easier for them to write you convincing letters of reference.
1-3. Focus on an area of historical interest.
At the undergraduate level, start to pay attention to the time periods, places, or themes of history that excite you. It might help to ask yourself which historical questions peak your curiosity. Don’t worry about narrowing everything down too much in college, you’ll have plenty of time to do this if you pursue a graduate degree.
For example, you may want to focus on the tiny details of people’s lives. Or, perhaps you’ll want to study life in a certain decade, like the 1950s.
1-4. Apply to graduate school.
Decide if you want to attend a master’s only or doctoral (PhD granting) program. Research possible schools by talking with your undergraduate professors and reaching out to active historians and potential mentors via email. Prepare and send off your application package with all of the required materials, including your GRE scores, the application fee, a letter of introduction, a writing sample, and any letters of reference.
1-5. Focus on your grades in school.
It will help to strengthen your application.
Take the time to personalize your application essay.
Get a recommendation letter from a teacher with whom you have good relations.
1-6. Get recommendation letters from the teachers who know you the best.
You can also narrow down your school choices by looking into the educational backgrounds of your favorite historians.
It’s possible that one of your undergraduate professors might offer to contact another professor for you to inquire about a graduate program. If they offer to do this, be appreciative and accept their help.
You’ll receive acceptance and financial offer letters from graduate schools in the mid-spring. Make sure to carefully read over any fine print involving fellowships or assistantships.
2. Getting Your Graduate Degree
2-1. Excel at graduate coursework.
You’ll usually take both colloquiums (reading and analysis classes) and seminars (research and writing classes) for the first 2-3 years of any program. Make sure to focus all of your attention on getting high grades in these courses. An “A” or “A-“ is a strong grade, but a “B” can mean you may need to put in more effort.
Try to take courses both in your specific areas of historical interest and outside of them as well. This will give you a good foundation of information to use for teaching or research.
2-2. Pass your comprehensive exams.
You will take qualifying, also called comprehensive or “comps,” exams after you finish your coursework. These exams usually have two parts: a series of written essays and an oral examination. They are designed to cover the information that you’ve learned so far in your history graduate coursework.
After you’ve passed, you enter a stage known as “ABD” or “All But Dissertation.”
2-3. Write a thesis and/or dissertation.
If you are in a master’s program, you’ll need to complete a thesis project using original materials. If you are in a PhD program, your dissertation will a book-length work that demonstrates your mastery of your subject matter and your ability to work with sources. It may take three years or more to complete.
As you move through graduate school, you’ll have at least one faculty mentor or advisor who will supervise your research progress and offer professional advice.
A master’s thesis is shorter than a dissertation. For example, a thesis might be 150 pages and a dissertation might be 250+ pages.
As part of your thesis and dissertation research, you’ll usually need to visit archives and libraries. After you gather your research, then you’ll begin the writing process.
2-4. Pass your defense and graduate.
When your dissertation is complete, you’ll submit it to your graduate program for approval. They will then schedule your defense. This is where you’ll talk about your work and defend it in front of a faculty committee. After you’ve passed your defense, then you are ready to graduate. Congratulations!
3. Doing Historical Work
3-1. Find a job as a professional historian.
Degreed historians can find jobs in a variety of settings. Some Ph.D.s prefer to work as university professors, while others take positions with the government or branch out as independent consultants. Be aware that research-heavy jobs usually look for historians with Ph.D.s.
3-2. Be open to other career options.
With or without a degree, historians can also work in museums, non-profits, and even in high school education. Make sure to keep your mind open when exploring your career choices. Focus on your skill set of critical thinking, writing, and reading. Look for jobs that emphasize those skills.
3-3. Seek out opportunities to publish.
You can publish throughout your entire lifetime, with or without a degree. For the amateur historian, local historical magazines are always looking for interesting contributions. As a professional historian, aim for peer-reviewed journals and university-press published books. Publishing is one clear way to distinguish yourself in the field.
If you decide to work as a professor at a research university, expect a rigorous publication requirement amounting to one journal article every two years and a book every five or so.
Be patient when trying to publish. You’ll likely get rejections, as well as opportunities to revise and resubmit.
3-4. Attend conferences.
Historians love to gather together in conferences and meetings around the world. Many of these gatherings are organized around a particular historical interest or theme, such as medical history. These are great opportunities to mingle with like-minded people and to learn more about history in general.
If you have original historical research, go ahead and submit a proposal to present at a conference. You might want to start with a small, local group and work your way up to a national or international setting.
Most conferences send out a Call for Papers (CFP) well in advance of the meeting date. The CFP will tell you how to submit your paper for consideration.
3-5. Join a professional history organization (PHA).
There are a number of groups out there that cater to particular historical subsets. Look for an organization that fits your interests and that would give you a chance for active membership. Being a member often grants you perks, such as private events at museums or archives.
For example, the American Historical Association (AHA) is the go-to organization for most historians practicing in, or studying, the Americas.
Be aware that many of these organizations require hefty membership fees. However, ask about educator, senior, or other discounts.
3-6. Complete oral histories.
Reach out to your family members and older friends to see if they’d be interested in sitting down with you and recording their memories. Then, you can make copies of these tapes or transcripts and offer them to archives and libraries. This is a great way to contribute to the historical record.
Try to keep your oral interview questions open-ended. You want to give your interviewee plenty of time to talk. For example, you might ask, “Do you remember how you felt at that moment?”
3-7. Conduct genealogy.
Historians are often interested in family connections and genealogy gives you the chance to trace these relationships. Talk with your older family members to see what they remember about their relatives. You can also go online and use a resource, such as Ancestry.com, to examine personal records.
Tips
If you do not plan to become a professional historian, but love history nonetheless, consider auditing a few history classes at a local college or university.
Historical museums and organizations are always looking for patronage and volunteer assistance. This is a great way to get close to history without a full-time commitment.
Warnings
If you are planning on going professional, it is a good idea to do some research about the history job market before heading into graduate school.
Remember that the study of history is not about being right or wrong. It is about using evidence and critical analysis to explore and understand the past.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Completing Your Initial Education\\n1-1. Develop your reading and writing skills in high school.\\nSelect additional history or English courses as your electives. Take as many advanced placement (AP) courses as you can. These will help to prepare you for college-level essay writing. Join clubs that emphasize critical thinking and the use of evidence, such as Mock Trial.\\n1-2. Get your college degree in history or a related subject.\\nIt’s best if you major in history at the undergraduate level, but a degree in English, Legal Studies, or another humanities or social sciences field can be useful as well. You’ll need a B.A., at minimum, to go after a career as a professional historian. Getting into a great university and achieving high grades will make transitioning to graduate school or real-world employment easier, too.\\nSeize any opportunities to distinguish yourself as a history scholar, such as writing an honor’s thesis.\\nIf you choose a major outside of history, make sure to fit a number of history classes into your schedule regardless. It’s especially important to enroll in classes where you’ll be given the opportunity to conduct research with materials from other time periods.\\nPlan your classes in a way that ensures that you’ll work with the same professors multiple times prior to your senior year. This makes it easier for them to write you convincing letters of reference.\\n1-3. Focus on an area of historical interest.\\nAt the undergraduate level, start to pay attention to the time periods, places, or themes of history that excite you. It might help to ask yourself which historical questions peak your curiosity. Don’t worry about narrowing everything down too much in college, you’ll have plenty of time to do this if you pursue a graduate degree.\\nFor example, you may want to focus on the tiny details of people’s lives. Or, perhaps you’ll want to study life in a certain decade, like the 1950s.\\n1-4. Apply to graduate school.\\nDecide if you want to attend a master’s only or doctoral (PhD granting) program. Research possible schools by talking with your undergraduate professors and reaching out to active historians and potential mentors via email. Prepare and send off your application package with all of the required materials, including your GRE scores, the application fee, a letter of introduction, a writing sample, and any letters of reference.\\n1-5. Focus on your grades in school.\\nIt will help to strengthen your application.\\nTake the time to personalize your application essay.\\nGet a recommendation letter from a teacher with whom you have good relations.\\n1-6. Get recommendation letters from the teachers who know you the best.\\nYou can also narrow down your school choices by looking into the educational backgrounds of your favorite historians.\\nIt’s possible that one of your undergraduate professors might offer to contact another professor for you to inquire about a graduate program. If they offer to do this, be appreciative and accept their help.\\nYou’ll receive acceptance and financial offer letters from graduate schools in the mid-spring. Make sure to carefully read over any fine print involving fellowships or assistantships.\\n2. Getting Your Graduate Degree\\n2-1. Excel at graduate coursework.\\nYou’ll usually take both colloquiums (reading and analysis classes) and seminars (research and writing classes) for the first 2-3 years of any program. Make sure to focus all of your attention on getting high grades in these courses. An “A” or “A-“ is a strong grade, but a “B” can mean you may need to put in more effort.\\nTry to take courses both in your specific areas of historical interest and outside of them as well. This will give you a good foundation of information to use for teaching or research.\\n2-2. Pass your comprehensive exams.\\nYou will take qualifying, also called comprehensive or “comps,” exams after you finish your coursework. These exams usually have two parts: a series of written essays and an oral examination. They are designed to cover the information that you’ve learned so far in your history graduate coursework.\\nAfter you’ve passed, you enter a stage known as “ABD” or “All But Dissertation.”\\n2-3. Write a thesis and/or dissertation.\\nIf you are in a master’s program, you’ll need to complete a thesis project using original materials. If you are in a PhD program, your dissertation will a book-length work that demonstrates your mastery of your subject matter and your ability to work with sources. It may take three years or more to complete.\\nAs you move through graduate school, you’ll have at least one faculty mentor or advisor who will supervise your research progress and offer professional advice.\\nA master’s thesis is shorter than a dissertation. For example, a thesis might be 150 pages and a dissertation might be 250+ pages.\\nAs part of your thesis and dissertation research, you’ll usually need to visit archives and libraries. After you gather your research, then you’ll begin the writing process.\\n2-4. Pass your defense and graduate.\\nWhen your dissertation is complete, you’ll submit it to your graduate program for approval. They will then schedule your defense. This is where you’ll talk about your work and defend it in front of a faculty committee. After you’ve passed your defense, then you are ready to graduate. Congratulations!\\n3. Doing Historical Work\\n3-1. Find a job as a professional historian.\\nDegreed historians can find jobs in a variety of settings. Some Ph.D.s prefer to work as university professors, while others take positions with the government or branch out as independent consultants. Be aware that research-heavy jobs usually look for historians with Ph.D.s.\\n3-2. Be open to other career options.\\nWith or without a degree, historians can also work in museums, non-profits, and even in high school education. Make sure to keep your mind open when exploring your career choices. Focus on your skill set of critical thinking, writing, and reading. Look for jobs that emphasize those skills.\\n3-3. Seek out opportunities to publish.\\nYou can publish throughout your entire lifetime, with or without a degree. For the amateur historian, local historical magazines are always looking for interesting contributions. As a professional historian, aim for peer-reviewed journals and university-press published books. Publishing is one clear way to distinguish yourself in the field.\\nIf you decide to work as a professor at a research university, expect a rigorous publication requirement amounting to one journal article every two years and a book every five or so.\\nBe patient when trying to publish. You’ll likely get rejections, as well as opportunities to revise and resubmit.\\n3-4. Attend conferences.\\nHistorians love to gather together in conferences and meetings around the world. Many of these gatherings are organized around a particular historical interest or theme, such as medical history. These are great opportunities to mingle with like-minded people and to learn more about history in general.\\nIf you have original historical research, go ahead and submit a proposal to present at a conference. You might want to start with a small, local group and work your way up to a national or international setting.\\nMost conferences send out a Call for Papers (CFP) well in advance of the meeting date. The CFP will tell you how to submit your paper for consideration.\\n3-5. Join a professional history organization (PHA).\\nThere are a number of groups out there that cater to particular historical subsets. Look for an organization that fits your interests and that would give you a chance for active membership. Being a member often grants you perks, such as private events at museums or archives.\\nFor example, the American Historical Association (AHA) is the go-to organization for most historians practicing in, or studying, the Americas.\\nBe aware that many of these organizations require hefty membership fees. However, ask about educator, senior, or other discounts.\\n3-6. Complete oral histories.\\nReach out to your family members and older friends to see if they’d be interested in sitting down with you and recording their memories. Then, you can make copies of these tapes or transcripts and offer them to archives and libraries. This is a great way to contribute to the historical record.\\nTry to keep your oral interview questions open-ended. You want to give your interviewee plenty of time to talk. For example, you might ask, “Do you remember how you felt at that moment?”\\n3-7. Conduct genealogy.\\nHistorians are often interested in family connections and genealogy gives you the chance to trace these relationships. Talk with your older family members to see what they remember about their relatives. You can also go online and use a resource, such as Ancestry.com, to examine personal records.\\nTips\\nIf you do not plan to become a professional historian, but love history nonetheless, consider auditing a few history classes at a local college or university.\\nHistorical museums and organizations are always looking for patronage and volunteer assistance. This is a great way to get close to history without a full-time commitment.\\nWarnings\\nIf you are planning on going professional, it is a good idea to do some research about the history job market before heading into graduate school.\\nRemember that the study of history is not about being right or wrong. It is about using evidence and critical analysis to explore and understand the past.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Historians study the past and look over evidence in order to answer all kinds of historical questions. While many historians are professionals with graduate degrees, it’s also possible to become a historian with a set of skills learned outside the traditional classroom. Possessing a love of the past, strong reading and writing skills, and enjoying working with other people will set you on the path toward success as a historian.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Completing Your Initial Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Develop your reading and writing skills in high school.\", \"描述\": \"Select additional history or English courses as your electives. Take as many advanced placement (AP) courses as you can. These will help to prepare you for college-level essay writing. Join clubs that emphasize critical thinking and the use of evidence, such as Mock Trial.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get your college degree in history or a related subject.\", \"描述\": \"It’s best if you major in history at the undergraduate level, but a degree in English, Legal Studies, or another humanities or social sciences field can be useful as well. You’ll need a B.A., at minimum, to go after a career as a professional historian. Getting into a great university and achieving high grades will make transitioning to graduate school or real-world employment easier, too.\\nSeize any opportunities to distinguish yourself as a history scholar, such as writing an honor’s thesis.\\nIf you choose a major outside of history, make sure to fit a number of history classes into your schedule regardless. It’s especially important to enroll in classes where you’ll be given the opportunity to conduct research with materials from other time periods.\\nPlan your classes in a way that ensures that you’ll work with the same professors multiple times prior to your senior year. This makes it easier for them to write you convincing letters of reference.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Focus on an area of historical interest.\", \"描述\": \"At the undergraduate level, start to pay attention to the time periods, places, or themes of history that excite you. It might help to ask yourself which historical questions peak your curiosity. Don’t worry about narrowing everything down too much in college, you’ll have plenty of time to do this if you pursue a graduate degree.\\nFor example, you may want to focus on the tiny details of people’s lives. Or, perhaps you’ll want to study life in a certain decade, like the 1950s.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply to graduate school.\", \"描述\": \"Decide if you want to attend a master’s only or doctoral (PhD granting) program. Research possible schools by talking with your undergraduate professors and reaching out to active historians and potential mentors via email. Prepare and send off your application package with all of the required materials, including your GRE scores, the application fee, a letter of introduction, a writing sample, and any letters of reference.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Focus on your grades in school.\", \"描述\": \"It will help to strengthen your application.\\nTake the time to personalize your application essay.\\nGet a recommendation letter from a teacher with whom you have good relations.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get recommendation letters from the teachers who know you the best.\", \"描述\": \"You can also narrow down your school choices by looking into the educational backgrounds of your favorite historians.\\nIt’s possible that one of your undergraduate professors might offer to contact another professor for you to inquire about a graduate program. If they offer to do this, be appreciative and accept their help.\\nYou’ll receive acceptance and financial offer letters from graduate schools in the mid-spring. Make sure to carefully read over any fine print involving fellowships or assistantships.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Your Graduate Degree\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Excel at graduate coursework.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll usually take both colloquiums (reading and analysis classes) and seminars (research and writing classes) for the first 2-3 years of any program. Make sure to focus all of your attention on getting high grades in these courses. An “A” or “A-“ is a strong grade, but a “B” can mean you may need to put in more effort.\\nTry to take courses both in your specific areas of historical interest and outside of them as well. This will give you a good foundation of information to use for teaching or research.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pass your comprehensive exams.\", \"描述\": \"You will take qualifying, also called comprehensive or “comps,” exams after you finish your coursework. These exams usually have two parts: a series of written essays and an oral examination. They are designed to cover the information that you’ve learned so far in your history graduate coursework.\\nAfter you’ve passed, you enter a stage known as “ABD” or “All But Dissertation.”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write a thesis and/or dissertation.\", \"描述\": \"If you are in a master’s program, you’ll need to complete a thesis project using original materials. If you are in a PhD program, your dissertation will a book-length work that demonstrates your mastery of your subject matter and your ability to work with sources. It may take three years or more to complete.\\nAs you move through graduate school, you’ll have at least one faculty mentor or advisor who will supervise your research progress and offer professional advice.\\nA master’s thesis is shorter than a dissertation. For example, a thesis might be 150 pages and a dissertation might be 250+ pages.\\nAs part of your thesis and dissertation research, you’ll usually need to visit archives and libraries. After you gather your research, then you’ll begin the writing process.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pass your defense and graduate.\", \"描述\": \"When your dissertation is complete, you’ll submit it to your graduate program for approval. They will then schedule your defense. This is where you’ll talk about your work and defend it in front of a faculty committee. After you’ve passed your defense, then you are ready to graduate. Congratulations!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Doing Historical Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a job as a professional historian.\", \"描述\": \"Degreed historians can find jobs in a variety of settings. Some Ph.D.s prefer to work as university professors, while others take positions with the government or branch out as independent consultants. Be aware that research-heavy jobs usually look for historians with Ph.D.s.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be open to other career options.\", \"描述\": \"With or without a degree, historians can also work in museums, non-profits, and even in high school education. Make sure to keep your mind open when exploring your career choices. Focus on your skill set of critical thinking, writing, and reading. Look for jobs that emphasize those skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Seek out opportunities to publish.\", \"描述\": \"You can publish throughout your entire lifetime, with or without a degree. For the amateur historian, local historical magazines are always looking for interesting contributions. As a professional historian, aim for peer-reviewed journals and university-press published books. Publishing is one clear way to distinguish yourself in the field.\\nIf you decide to work as a professor at a research university, expect a rigorous publication requirement amounting to one journal article every two years and a book every five or so.\\nBe patient when trying to publish. You’ll likely get rejections, as well as opportunities to revise and resubmit.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Attend conferences.\", \"描述\": \"Historians love to gather together in conferences and meetings around the world. Many of these gatherings are organized around a particular historical interest or theme, such as medical history. These are great opportunities to mingle with like-minded people and to learn more about history in general.\\nIf you have original historical research, go ahead and submit a proposal to present at a conference. You might want to start with a small, local group and work your way up to a national or international setting.\\nMost conferences send out a Call for Papers (CFP) well in advance of the meeting date. The CFP will tell you how to submit your paper for consideration.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Join a professional history organization (PHA).\", \"描述\": \"There are a number of groups out there that cater to particular historical subsets. Look for an organization that fits your interests and that would give you a chance for active membership. Being a member often grants you perks, such as private events at museums or archives.\\nFor example, the American Historical Association (AHA) is the go-to organization for most historians practicing in, or studying, the Americas.\\nBe aware that many of these organizations require hefty membership fees. However, ask about educator, senior, or other discounts.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Complete oral histories.\", \"描述\": \"Reach out to your family members and older friends to see if they’d be interested in sitting down with you and recording their memories. Then, you can make copies of these tapes or transcripts and offer them to archives and libraries. This is a great way to contribute to the historical record.\\nTry to keep your oral interview questions open-ended. You want to give your interviewee plenty of time to talk. For example, you might ask, “Do you remember how you felt at that moment?”\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Conduct genealogy.\", \"描述\": \"Historians are often interested in family connections and genealogy gives you the chance to trace these relationships. Talk with your older family members to see what they remember about their relatives. You can also go online and use a resource, such as Ancestry.com, to examine personal records.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you do not plan to become a professional historian, but love history nonetheless, consider auditing a few history classes at a local college or university.\\n\", \"Historical museums and organizations are always looking for patronage and volunteer assistance. This is a great way to get close to history without a full-time commitment.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you are planning on going professional, it is a good idea to do some research about the history job market before heading into graduate school.\\n\", \"Remember that the study of history is not about being right or wrong. It is about using evidence and critical analysis to explore and understand the past.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,445 |
How to Become a Hobo
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1. Steps
1-1. Remember the differences between hobos, tramps, and bums:
hobos are people who travel and look for work, tramps are people who travel and don't look for work, bums are people who neither travel nor look for work.
1-2. Take stock of your skills and experience.
Historically, hobos have made their living from manual labor, but that doesn't always have to be the case. Any skill that is in wide demand and does not require an extended time commitment can be useful to a hobo. As long as you can advertise your services and earn people's trust (ideally through references), you can do anything. Some pursuits that lend themselves to this lifestyle are:
Landscaping and construction - Many migrant workers who cross international borders find work in this area, as it is the least demanding in terms of language barriers. Having experience is essential, however, as you'd be required to work with potentially dangerous equipment and machinery.
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Farm hand - If you've ever thought about becoming a farmer, there are internships all over the world that offer housing, food, a stipend, and experience, in exchange for getting your hands dirty. You can follow harvest seasons around the country or around the globe. Progressive farms tend to provide better circumstances.
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Fishing - Serve as a deckhand, cook, or fisherman as you travel the high seas.
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Any web-based service such as writing, editing or programming.
1-3. Establish Plan B.
This is a serious, life-altering decision. Don't abandon everything suddenly and disappear. You need something to come back to if your life on the road doesn't work out. Make sure all your debts are paid and responsibilities are handled before departure. If possible, have some savings set aside before you go, that you can access while you're on the road, if need be. Emergencies happen, and they cost money.
1-4. Be prepared.
You may like the romantic idea of leaving with nothing but the clothes on your back and whatever is in your wallet, but that is a sure-fire recipe for disaster. You must assume that you will be sleeping, cooking, traveling, and essentially living outdoors, unless you decide to drive a car.
How will you get from place to place? Hobos are often associated with train-hopping, because this is what many hobos during the Great Depression did. A car can double as transportation and sleeping quarters, but keep in mind that gas is expensive, and upkeep on a vehicle is a major expense and if the expense bothers you, hitch-hiking is a good option since it's free. Some hobos prefer bicycles, but this will limit your range (to warm weather regions) and limit how much you can carry. A motorcycle can get you where you're going faster, but has maintenance requirements similar to those of a car, though not to the same degree. Buses are also an option: Greyhound, in the US at least, offers steep discounts when you purchase tickets a week in advance, and even more for still earlier purchases. Buy tickets at the station for the best deals; web purchases have an extra $3 or $4 tagged on whether the tickets are mailed or "on call".
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Where will you sleep? Unless the place you work can offer housing, you will have to sleep in your car (if you have one), urban camp, squat in an abandoned building, or stay in hostels or motels. Another option is using the Communities Directory online to find urban co-ops, land trusts, and other alternative housing arrangements, which often welcome guests. See directory.ic.org. Yet another option is a traveler's network such as couchsurfing.com or globalfreeloaders.com, which offer free lodging to those who intend to contribute (in kind, or in other ways). Consider the costs and dangers associated with each.
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Where will you take showers? Some campsites have showers, but many don't, so you may consider purchasing portable shower equipment. You can also obtain a membership to a national gym chain and use the showers there (provided you actually work out and maintain your appearance).
How will you defend yourself? A nomadic lifestyle can be a dangerous one because you're constantly putting yourself in unfamiliar situations, and you're probably alone—both of which can make you a target for theft and assault. You'll need to outline some precautions you can take, such as always letting people know where you are, carrying a cell phone - and only going places where there's a reliable signal, having an alert system or weapon on you, etc. In addition, always know where you are so when you call for help you will be able to give them a location.
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1-5. Make a list of connections.
Look at maps of the areas in which you'll be traveling, and determine whether or not there's anyone you know, directly or indirectly, who lives there. Ask your Aunt Sally if your great uncle Billy still lives in that cabin in the woods. Ask your friend if his cousin still works at the car dealership in Utah. Most important of all, ask them if it's okay if you can get in touch with those people in case of an emergency. Some people might offer to make arrangements so that you can actually visit, which is always nice. (Just be a good house guest!)
1-6. Make an itinerary based on the type of work you plan to do, the connections you have in place, and the places you'd like to see.
Do as much research as you can beforehand. Make a list of places you can stay, eat, shower, camp, etc. It's also wise to look up churches and shelters and any other services that are offered to the homeless. The more prepared you are, the more you'll enjoy your travels.
1-7. Learn the hobo code.
Historically hobos relied on a shared system of symbols that let fellow travelers know more about their current environment.The symbols can vary from place to place and may no longer be used in many areas. Here are some symbols to get you started:
spearhead - defend yourself
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circle with two parallel arrows - get out fast, hobos not welcome
wavy line (signifying water) above an X - fresh water and a campsite nearby
three diagonal lines - not a safe place.
cross - "angel food," (food served to hobos after a party)
1-8. Hit the road!
Leave your roots behind. Find a place to live and work from day to day. See the sights of each new place you visit. Make interesting friends (you never know when they might lend a helping hand). Life on the road means that every moment is your own. With no schedule and no responsibilities (except keeping yourself healthy), you must decide how to best use your time to achieve a balance between work, travel, relaxation, and entertainment. Enjoy the variety that each day has to offer...you're earning it.
1-9. Don't hesitate to dumpster dive.
You wouldn't believe the amount of free undamaged food that is thrown away all the time. For the best results check behind smaller grocery stores and fruit markets, as they usually don't invest money in a sealed garbage compactor (although these can sometimes be opened as well)—just be careful. Fast food chains are also usually good, but more traditional restaurants generally don't waste nearly as much food—although if you are really hungry you can usually find at least something there.
Tips
Remember that, as a hobo, you enjoy traveling and are willing to work, unlike a bum or a tramp who also travels but will not work, and lives by begging for money or for food.
If possible, attend the annual National Hobo Convention in Britt, Iowa during the month of August and join in the festivities. Have some mulligan stew and share stories around a campfire. There are many other hobos who enjoy living a free life, not having obligations, and just traveling from place to place, enjoying their style of life.
Bring a camera, preferably a digital one with large memory, and/or keep a journal. You'll always like to remember your travels while you're on the road.
Warnings
Don't trust everyone.
If anyone says something about you, just ignore it. If things get serious, run away or call for help. Never fight back especially if it's a group.
Investigate the workers' compensation laws in the areas where you will be traveling. If you should be injured on the job, it's important that you know what protection is offered, and what action you can take to ensure your protection.
Do not neglect everything you have, or you will be left with nothing.
Respect the law unless you are willing to spend some jail time and risk getting a criminal record.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Remember the differences between hobos, tramps, and bums:\\nhobos are people who travel and look for work, tramps are people who travel and don't look for work, bums are people who neither travel nor look for work.\\n1-2. Take stock of your skills and experience.\\nHistorically, hobos have made their living from manual labor, but that doesn't always have to be the case. Any skill that is in wide demand and does not require an extended time commitment can be useful to a hobo. As long as you can advertise your services and earn people's trust (ideally through references), you can do anything. Some pursuits that lend themselves to this lifestyle are:\\n\\nLandscaping and construction - Many migrant workers who cross international borders find work in this area, as it is the least demanding in terms of language barriers. Having experience is essential, however, as you'd be required to work with potentially dangerous equipment and machinery.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/6\\\\/60\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/6\\\\/60\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nFarm hand - If you've ever thought about becoming a farmer, there are internships all over the world that offer housing, food, a stipend, and experience, in exchange for getting your hands dirty. You can follow harvest seasons around the country or around the globe. Progressive farms tend to provide better circumstances.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/0\\\\/01\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/0\\\\/01\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet2.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n\\nFishing - Serve as a deckhand, cook, or fisherman as you travel the high seas.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/47\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet3.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet3.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/47\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet3.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet3.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nAny web-based service such as writing, editing or programming.\\n1-3. Establish Plan B.\\nThis is a serious, life-altering decision. Don't abandon everything suddenly and disappear. You need something to come back to if your life on the road doesn't work out. Make sure all your debts are paid and responsibilities are handled before departure. If possible, have some savings set aside before you go, that you can access while you're on the road, if need be. Emergencies happen, and they cost money.\\n1-4. Be prepared.\\nYou may like the romantic idea of leaving with nothing but the clothes on your back and whatever is in your wallet, but that is a sure-fire recipe for disaster. You must assume that you will be sleeping, cooking, traveling, and essentially living outdoors, unless you decide to drive a car.\\nHow will you get from place to place? Hobos are often associated with train-hopping, because this is what many hobos during the Great Depression did. A car can double as transportation and sleeping quarters, but keep in mind that gas is expensive, and upkeep on a vehicle is a major expense and if the expense bothers you, hitch-hiking is a good option since it's free. Some hobos prefer bicycles, but this will limit your range (to warm weather regions) and limit how much you can carry. A motorcycle can get you where you're going faster, but has maintenance requirements similar to those of a car, though not to the same degree. Buses are also an option: Greyhound, in the US at least, offers steep discounts when you purchase tickets a week in advance, and even more for still earlier purchases. Buy tickets at the station for the best deals; web purchases have an extra $3 or $4 tagged on whether the tickets are mailed or \\\"on call\\\".\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/f\\\\/fa\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/f\\\\/fa\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nWhere will you sleep? Unless the place you work can offer housing, you will have to sleep in your car (if you have one), urban camp, squat in an abandoned building, or stay in hostels or motels. Another option is using the Communities Directory online to find urban co-ops, land trusts, and other alternative housing arrangements, which often welcome guests. See directory.ic.org. Yet another option is a traveler's network such as couchsurfing.com or globalfreeloaders.com, which offer free lodging to those who intend to contribute (in kind, or in other ways). Consider the costs and dangers associated with each.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/f\\\\/f6\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/f\\\\/f6\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet2.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nWhere will you take showers? Some campsites have showers, but many don't, so you may consider purchasing portable shower equipment. You can also obtain a membership to a national gym chain and use the showers there (provided you actually work out and maintain your appearance).\\nHow will you defend yourself? A nomadic lifestyle can be a dangerous one because you're constantly putting yourself in unfamiliar situations, and you're probably alone—both of which can make you a target for theft and assault. You'll need to outline some precautions you can take, such as always letting people know where you are, carrying a cell phone - and only going places where there's a reliable signal, having an alert system or weapon on you, etc. In addition, always know where you are so when you call for help you will be able to give them a location.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/1\\\\/1f\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet4.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet4.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/1\\\\/1f\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet4.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet4.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n1-5. Make a list of connections.\\nLook at maps of the areas in which you'll be traveling, and determine whether or not there's anyone you know, directly or indirectly, who lives there. Ask your Aunt Sally if your great uncle Billy still lives in that cabin in the woods. Ask your friend if his cousin still works at the car dealership in Utah. Most important of all, ask them if it's okay if you can get in touch with those people in case of an emergency. Some people might offer to make arrangements so that you can actually visit, which is always nice. (Just be a good house guest!)\\n1-6. Make an itinerary based on the type of work you plan to do, the connections you have in place, and the places you'd like to see.\\nDo as much research as you can beforehand. Make a list of places you can stay, eat, shower, camp, etc. It's also wise to look up churches and shelters and any other services that are offered to the homeless. The more prepared you are, the more you'll enjoy your travels.\\n1-7. Learn the hobo code.\\nHistorically hobos relied on a shared system of symbols that let fellow travelers know more about their current environment.The symbols can vary from place to place and may no longer be used in many areas. Here are some symbols to get you started:\\nspearhead - defend yourself\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/c\\\\/ce\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-8Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-8Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/c\\\\/ce\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-8Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-8Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\ncircle with two parallel arrows - get out fast, hobos not welcome\\nwavy line (signifying water) above an X - fresh water and a campsite nearby\\nthree diagonal lines - not a safe place.\\ncross - \\\"angel food,\\\" (food served to hobos after a party)\\n1-8. Hit the road!\\nLeave your roots behind. Find a place to live and work from day to day. See the sights of each new place you visit. Make interesting friends (you never know when they might lend a helping hand). Life on the road means that every moment is your own. With no schedule and no responsibilities (except keeping yourself healthy), you must decide how to best use your time to achieve a balance between work, travel, relaxation, and entertainment. Enjoy the variety that each day has to offer...you're earning it.\\n1-9. Don't hesitate to dumpster dive.\\nYou wouldn't believe the amount of free undamaged food that is thrown away all the time. For the best results check behind smaller grocery stores and fruit markets, as they usually don't invest money in a sealed garbage compactor (although these can sometimes be opened as well)—just be careful. Fast food chains are also usually good, but more traditional restaurants generally don't waste nearly as much food—although if you are really hungry you can usually find at least something there.\\nTips\\nRemember that, as a hobo, you enjoy traveling and are willing to work, unlike a bum or a tramp who also travels but will not work, and lives by begging for money or for food.\\nIf possible, attend the annual National Hobo Convention in Britt, Iowa during the month of August and join in the festivities. Have some mulligan stew and share stories around a campfire. There are many other hobos who enjoy living a free life, not having obligations, and just traveling from place to place, enjoying their style of life.\\nBring a camera, preferably a digital one with large memory, and/or keep a journal. You'll always like to remember your travels while you're on the road.\\nWarnings\\nDon't trust everyone.\\nIf anyone says something about you, just ignore it. If things get serious, run away or call for help. Never fight back especially if it's a group.\\nInvestigate the workers' compensation laws in the areas where you will be traveling. If you should be injured on the job, it's important that you know what protection is offered, and what action you can take to ensure your protection.\\nDo not neglect everything you have, or you will be left with nothing.\\nRespect the law unless you are willing to spend some jail time and risk getting a criminal record.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Historically, many people have been forced into becoming hobos because of circumstances where jobs are so scarce that they have no choice but to travel from place to place in search of work. There are many theories of the origin of the word hobo, ranging from a contraction of the words \\\"Hoe Boys\\\" to one from the words \\\"Homeward Bound\\\". In any case, the American Heritage Dictionary defines a hobo as \\\"one who wanders from place to place without a permanent home or a means of livelihood.\\\" But the dawn of the Internet and increased dissatisfaction with the 9-to-5 routine have led more and more people to wonder if earning a living while on the road is a viable alternative to the daily grind. If you're thinking about becoming an opportunistic and resourceful transient worker, keeping your costs low, your responsibilities simple, and your freedom intact, here are the questions you'll need to ask yourself—and the preparations you'll need to make.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Remember the differences between hobos, tramps, and bums:\", \"描述\": \"hobos are people who travel and look for work, tramps are people who travel and don't look for work, bums are people who neither travel nor look for work.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take stock of your skills and experience.\", \"描述\": \"Historically, hobos have made their living from manual labor, but that doesn't always have to be the case. Any skill that is in wide demand and does not require an extended time commitment can be useful to a hobo. As long as you can advertise your services and earn people's trust (ideally through references), you can do anything. Some pursuits that lend themselves to this lifestyle are:\\n\\nLandscaping and construction - Many migrant workers who cross international borders find work in this area, as it is the least demanding in terms of language barriers. Having experience is essential, however, as you'd be required to work with potentially dangerous equipment and machinery.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/6\\\\/60\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/6\\\\/60\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nFarm hand - If you've ever thought about becoming a farmer, there are internships all over the world that offer housing, food, a stipend, and experience, in exchange for getting your hands dirty. You can follow harvest seasons around the country or around the globe. Progressive farms tend to provide better circumstances.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/0\\\\/01\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/0\\\\/01\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet2.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n\\nFishing - Serve as a deckhand, cook, or fisherman as you travel the high seas.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/47\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet3.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet3.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/47\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet3.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-3Bullet3.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nAny web-based service such as writing, editing or programming.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Establish Plan B.\", \"描述\": \"This is a serious, life-altering decision. Don't abandon everything suddenly and disappear. You need something to come back to if your life on the road doesn't work out. Make sure all your debts are paid and responsibilities are handled before departure. If possible, have some savings set aside before you go, that you can access while you're on the road, if need be. Emergencies happen, and they cost money.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be prepared.\", \"描述\": \"You may like the romantic idea of leaving with nothing but the clothes on your back and whatever is in your wallet, but that is a sure-fire recipe for disaster. You must assume that you will be sleeping, cooking, traveling, and essentially living outdoors, unless you decide to drive a car.\\nHow will you get from place to place? Hobos are often associated with train-hopping, because this is what many hobos during the Great Depression did. A car can double as transportation and sleeping quarters, but keep in mind that gas is expensive, and upkeep on a vehicle is a major expense and if the expense bothers you, hitch-hiking is a good option since it's free. Some hobos prefer bicycles, but this will limit your range (to warm weather regions) and limit how much you can carry. A motorcycle can get you where you're going faster, but has maintenance requirements similar to those of a car, though not to the same degree. Buses are also an option: Greyhound, in the US at least, offers steep discounts when you purchase tickets a week in advance, and even more for still earlier purchases. Buy tickets at the station for the best deals; web purchases have an extra $3 or $4 tagged on whether the tickets are mailed or \\\"on call\\\".\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/f\\\\/fa\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/f\\\\/fa\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nWhere will you sleep? Unless the place you work can offer housing, you will have to sleep in your car (if you have one), urban camp, squat in an abandoned building, or stay in hostels or motels. Another option is using the Communities Directory online to find urban co-ops, land trusts, and other alternative housing arrangements, which often welcome guests. See directory.ic.org. Yet another option is a traveler's network such as couchsurfing.com or globalfreeloaders.com, which offer free lodging to those who intend to contribute (in kind, or in other ways). Consider the costs and dangers associated with each.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/f\\\\/f6\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/f\\\\/f6\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet2.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nWhere will you take showers? Some campsites have showers, but many don't, so you may consider purchasing portable shower equipment. You can also obtain a membership to a national gym chain and use the showers there (provided you actually work out and maintain your appearance).\\nHow will you defend yourself? A nomadic lifestyle can be a dangerous one because you're constantly putting yourself in unfamiliar situations, and you're probably alone—both of which can make you a target for theft and assault. You'll need to outline some precautions you can take, such as always letting people know where you are, carrying a cell phone - and only going places where there's a reliable signal, having an alert system or weapon on you, etc. In addition, always know where you are so when you call for help you will be able to give them a location.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/1\\\\/1f\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet4.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet4.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/1\\\\/1f\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet4.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-5Bullet4.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Make a list of connections.\", \"描述\": \"Look at maps of the areas in which you'll be traveling, and determine whether or not there's anyone you know, directly or indirectly, who lives there. Ask your Aunt Sally if your great uncle Billy still lives in that cabin in the woods. Ask your friend if his cousin still works at the car dealership in Utah. Most important of all, ask them if it's okay if you can get in touch with those people in case of an emergency. Some people might offer to make arrangements so that you can actually visit, which is always nice. (Just be a good house guest!)\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Make an itinerary based on the type of work you plan to do, the connections you have in place, and the places you'd like to see.\", \"描述\": \"Do as much research as you can beforehand. Make a list of places you can stay, eat, shower, camp, etc. It's also wise to look up churches and shelters and any other services that are offered to the homeless. The more prepared you are, the more you'll enjoy your travels.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Learn the hobo code.\", \"描述\": \"Historically hobos relied on a shared system of symbols that let fellow travelers know more about their current environment.The symbols can vary from place to place and may no longer be used in many areas. Here are some symbols to get you started:\\nspearhead - defend yourself\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/c\\\\/ce\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-8Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-8Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/c\\\\/ce\\\\/Become-a-Hobo-Step-8Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid147447-v4-728px-Become-a-Hobo-Step-8Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\ncircle with two parallel arrows - get out fast, hobos not welcome\\nwavy line (signifying water) above an X - fresh water and a campsite nearby\\nthree diagonal lines - not a safe place.\\ncross - \\\"angel food,\\\" (food served to hobos after a party)\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Hit the road!\", \"描述\": \"Leave your roots behind. Find a place to live and work from day to day. See the sights of each new place you visit. Make interesting friends (you never know when they might lend a helping hand). Life on the road means that every moment is your own. With no schedule and no responsibilities (except keeping yourself healthy), you must decide how to best use your time to achieve a balance between work, travel, relaxation, and entertainment. Enjoy the variety that each day has to offer...you're earning it.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Don't hesitate to dumpster dive.\", \"描述\": \"You wouldn't believe the amount of free undamaged food that is thrown away all the time. For the best results check behind smaller grocery stores and fruit markets, as they usually don't invest money in a sealed garbage compactor (although these can sometimes be opened as well)—just be careful. Fast food chains are also usually good, but more traditional restaurants generally don't waste nearly as much food—although if you are really hungry you can usually find at least something there.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Remember that, as a hobo, you enjoy traveling and are willing to work, unlike a bum or a tramp who also travels but will not work, and lives by begging for money or for food.\\n\", \"If possible, attend the annual National Hobo Convention in Britt, Iowa during the month of August and join in the festivities. Have some mulligan stew and share stories around a campfire. There are many other hobos who enjoy living a free life, not having obligations, and just traveling from place to place, enjoying their style of life.\\n\", \"Bring a camera, preferably a digital one with large memory, and/or keep a journal. You'll always like to remember your travels while you're on the road.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Don't trust everyone.\\n\", \"If anyone says something about you, just ignore it. If things get serious, run away or call for help. Never fight back especially if it's a group.\\n\", \"Investigate the workers' compensation laws in the areas where you will be traveling. If you should be injured on the job, it's important that you know what protection is offered, and what action you can take to ensure your protection.\\n\", \"Do not neglect everything you have, or you will be left with nothing.\\n\", \"Respect the law unless you are willing to spend some jail time and risk getting a criminal record.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,446 |
How to Become a Home Health Aide
|
1. What do home health aides do?
You'll visit a patient's home and help them with basic care tasks.
Your job description will be different for every patient you look after. For instance, you might spend an hour or two at their home while you bathe them or work with them to prepare a meal. You may even wash their laundry or help them do exercises and you'll probably need to keep a detailed care record, especially if you're giving oxygen or medication.
As an HHA, you might be full-time, part-time, or on-call depending on what your patients need.
2. What are the requirements?
2-1. A high-school degree is great, but not required.
Some high schools even offer basic health care courses that can help prepare you to become an HHA. Check with your state's board of nursing for state-specific requirements. Instead of requiring a medical or advanced educational degree, you usually just need home health aid training.
2-2. Complete at least 75 hours of home health aid training.
Even though state requirements vary, federal guidelines require a minimum of 74 training hours. Half of HHAs do their training at local community colleges, although home health agencies also offer training.
2-3. Take the Medical Aide Certification Exam (MACE).
Some states require you to pass the MACE in order to be an HHA. This national exam is a multiple-choice computer-based exam and it covers information you should have learned during your training. Specifically, it will test your knowledge of your HHA duties, how to properly give medication, how to report a patient's health condition, and ethical issues surrounding care.
Check with the testing website to see if you can take the exam online at home. If you can't, your training facility should give you testing dates and locations.
You'll need to pay a $120 exam fee when you register to take the exam.
3. How long does it take to become an aide?
You need to log between 75 and 180 hours of training depending on your state.
Federal regulations put training at a minimum of 75 hours although some states like Alaska and Maine require between 140 and 180 hours. Of the training hours, at least 16 of them must be supervised and you have to log 12 hours of continuing education every year.
You might choose to enroll in your local community college if they offer a home health aide course. These usually last 1 term and cover safety issues (like handling bodily fluids), how to give home care, and providing specialized care. Since these are often hands-on classes, you'll be training in homes and learning in the classroom.
4. What kind of practical skills do I need?
Most of your job will be giving physical care to a patient.
This might mean getting them dressed or helping them bathe, for instance. As an HHA, you'll also offer emotional support. You may talk with them so they feel less lonely or help them get them out of their home for a walk. This means you'll need good communication skills and have compassion, especially if your patient is struggling or needs extra support. For example, you may take courses on caring for elderly patients or patients with chronic illnesses so you have a better understanding of what they're going through.
Since you'll probably have a few patients a day, you'll need to manage your time well and be organized.
You might find that you're also communicating with the patient's family. They may be discussing care options with you and you'll need to act as a go-between with them and the home health agency.
5. What's the difference between a CNA and an HHA?
A CNA works in organized healthcare settings and can't give medication.
Although CNAs and HHAs give basic healthcare like bathing, dressing, and grooming patients, CNAs work in hospitals or nursing homes while HHAs usually work in a patient's home. This means that as an HHA, you might help out in other ways—going on walks with the patient or grocery shopping for them, for instance. Since they're not in a care facility, you might need to give them medication or care for wounds that are healing.
For example, you might need to wash and look after a patient's feet if they've got complications from diabetes.
Some states require that you become a CNA before becoming an HHA so check your state's regulations.
If you prefer to work with other health care professionals, you may like the CNA job since you're at a hospital or nursing home. HHAs spend more time alone or with patients.
6. Does a CNA or HHA make more money?
Usually, a CNA is paid more.
In general, the 2018 median salary for CNAs is around $30,800 a year while the 2018 median salary for HHAs is $24,200. This is because CNAs are often hired by clinics or private practices which might pay more than a home health care agency.
There are usually more HHA job opportunities than CNA positions so you may have better luck starting as an HHA.
7. How do I find a job as a home health aide?
7-1. Once you're qualified, check your local newspaper or call a home health agency.
The Department of Health and Human Services revealed that most HHAs found their jobs by checking advertisements in the newspaper, on TV, or on the radio. You may also know about potential HHA jobs if you work in another healthcare setting. Don't forget that family and friends may know of possible HHA jobs, too.
If a home health agency isn't currently hiring, check back in another week. New jobs frequently open up in the home healthcare field so it pays to check.
7-2. Fill out an application and give your resume to land the position.
The agency may direct you to fill out an online application or you can drop one of along with your resume. If you don't hear anything from the agency within a few days, call them and ask about setting up an interview. This shows that you're eager and want the job.
Your chances at getting an HHA job are great if you've completed your training. The Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts 34% growth in HHA jobs within the next 10 years.
If you're called for an interview, be detailed about what experience you gained during training. You'll probably need to give specific examples of care that you gave to someone in their home.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What do home health aides do?\\nYou'll visit a patient's home and help them with basic care tasks.\\nYour job description will be different for every patient you look after. For instance, you might spend an hour or two at their home while you bathe them or work with them to prepare a meal. You may even wash their laundry or help them do exercises and you'll probably need to keep a detailed care record, especially if you're giving oxygen or medication.\\nAs an HHA, you might be full-time, part-time, or on-call depending on what your patients need.\\n2. What are the requirements?\\n2-1. A high-school degree is great, but not required.\\nSome high schools even offer basic health care courses that can help prepare you to become an HHA. Check with your state's board of nursing for state-specific requirements. Instead of requiring a medical or advanced educational degree, you usually just need home health aid training.\\n2-2. Complete at least 75 hours of home health aid training.\\nEven though state requirements vary, federal guidelines require a minimum of 74 training hours. Half of HHAs do their training at local community colleges, although home health agencies also offer training.\\n2-3. Take the Medical Aide Certification Exam (MACE).\\nSome states require you to pass the MACE in order to be an HHA. This national exam is a multiple-choice computer-based exam and it covers information you should have learned during your training. Specifically, it will test your knowledge of your HHA duties, how to properly give medication, how to report a patient's health condition, and ethical issues surrounding care.\\nCheck with the testing website to see if you can take the exam online at home. If you can't, your training facility should give you testing dates and locations.\\nYou'll need to pay a $120 exam fee when you register to take the exam.\\n3. How long does it take to become an aide?\\nYou need to log between 75 and 180 hours of training depending on your state.\\nFederal regulations put training at a minimum of 75 hours although some states like Alaska and Maine require between 140 and 180 hours. Of the training hours, at least 16 of them must be supervised and you have to log 12 hours of continuing education every year.\\nYou might choose to enroll in your local community college if they offer a home health aide course. These usually last 1 term and cover safety issues (like handling bodily fluids), how to give home care, and providing specialized care. Since these are often hands-on classes, you'll be training in homes and learning in the classroom.\\n4. What kind of practical skills do I need?\\nMost of your job will be giving physical care to a patient.\\nThis might mean getting them dressed or helping them bathe, for instance. As an HHA, you'll also offer emotional support. You may talk with them so they feel less lonely or help them get them out of their home for a walk. This means you'll need good communication skills and have compassion, especially if your patient is struggling or needs extra support. For example, you may take courses on caring for elderly patients or patients with chronic illnesses so you have a better understanding of what they're going through.\\nSince you'll probably have a few patients a day, you'll need to manage your time well and be organized.\\nYou might find that you're also communicating with the patient's family. They may be discussing care options with you and you'll need to act as a go-between with them and the home health agency.\\n5. What's the difference between a CNA and an HHA?\\nA CNA works in organized healthcare settings and can't give medication.\\nAlthough CNAs and HHAs give basic healthcare like bathing, dressing, and grooming patients, CNAs work in hospitals or nursing homes while HHAs usually work in a patient's home. This means that as an HHA, you might help out in other ways—going on walks with the patient or grocery shopping for them, for instance. Since they're not in a care facility, you might need to give them medication or care for wounds that are healing.\\nFor example, you might need to wash and look after a patient's feet if they've got complications from diabetes.\\nSome states require that you become a CNA before becoming an HHA so check your state's regulations.\\nIf you prefer to work with other health care professionals, you may like the CNA job since you're at a hospital or nursing home. HHAs spend more time alone or with patients.\\n6. Does a CNA or HHA make more money?\\nUsually, a CNA is paid more.\\nIn general, the 2018 median salary for CNAs is around $30,800 a year while the 2018 median salary for HHAs is $24,200. This is because CNAs are often hired by clinics or private practices which might pay more than a home health care agency.\\nThere are usually more HHA job opportunities than CNA positions so you may have better luck starting as an HHA.\\n7. How do I find a job as a home health aide?\\n7-1. Once you're qualified, check your local newspaper or call a home health agency.\\nThe Department of Health and Human Services revealed that most HHAs found their jobs by checking advertisements in the newspaper, on TV, or on the radio. You may also know about potential HHA jobs if you work in another healthcare setting. Don't forget that family and friends may know of possible HHA jobs, too.\\nIf a home health agency isn't currently hiring, check back in another week. New jobs frequently open up in the home healthcare field so it pays to check.\\n7-2. Fill out an application and give your resume to land the position.\\nThe agency may direct you to fill out an online application or you can drop one of along with your resume. If you don't hear anything from the agency within a few days, call them and ask about setting up an interview. This shows that you're eager and want the job.\\nYour chances at getting an HHA job are great if you've completed your training. The Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts 34% growth in HHA jobs within the next 10 years.\\nIf you're called for an interview, be detailed about what experience you gained during training. You'll probably need to give specific examples of care that you gave to someone in their home.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're looking for an entry-level job in the medical field where you can really make a difference in people's lives, a home health aide (HHA) might be perfect. As an HHA, you're trained to give care in private homes and residential facilities. This means you'll probably have flexible hours and tasks, so every day is a little different! To get a better idea of how to become an HHA, read a few of the most common questions.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What do home health aides do?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You'll visit a patient's home and help them with basic care tasks.\", \"描述\": \"Your job description will be different for every patient you look after. For instance, you might spend an hour or two at their home while you bathe them or work with them to prepare a meal. You may even wash their laundry or help them do exercises and you'll probably need to keep a detailed care record, especially if you're giving oxygen or medication.\\nAs an HHA, you might be full-time, part-time, or on-call depending on what your patients need.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"What are the requirements?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A high-school degree is great, but not required.\", \"描述\": \"Some high schools even offer basic health care courses that can help prepare you to become an HHA. Check with your state's board of nursing for state-specific requirements. Instead of requiring a medical or advanced educational degree, you usually just need home health aid training.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete at least 75 hours of home health aid training.\", \"描述\": \"Even though state requirements vary, federal guidelines require a minimum of 74 training hours. Half of HHAs do their training at local community colleges, although home health agencies also offer training.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take the Medical Aide Certification Exam (MACE).\", \"描述\": \"Some states require you to pass the MACE in order to be an HHA. This national exam is a multiple-choice computer-based exam and it covers information you should have learned during your training. Specifically, it will test your knowledge of your HHA duties, how to properly give medication, how to report a patient's health condition, and ethical issues surrounding care.\\nCheck with the testing website to see if you can take the exam online at home. If you can't, your training facility should give you testing dates and locations.\\nYou'll need to pay a $120 exam fee when you register to take the exam.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"How long does it take to become an aide?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You need to log between 75 and 180 hours of training depending on your state.\", \"描述\": \"Federal regulations put training at a minimum of 75 hours although some states like Alaska and Maine require between 140 and 180 hours. Of the training hours, at least 16 of them must be supervised and you have to log 12 hours of continuing education every year.\\nYou might choose to enroll in your local community college if they offer a home health aide course. These usually last 1 term and cover safety issues (like handling bodily fluids), how to give home care, and providing specialized care. Since these are often hands-on classes, you'll be training in homes and learning in the classroom.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"What kind of practical skills do I need?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Most of your job will be giving physical care to a patient.\", \"描述\": \"This might mean getting them dressed or helping them bathe, for instance. As an HHA, you'll also offer emotional support. You may talk with them so they feel less lonely or help them get them out of their home for a walk. This means you'll need good communication skills and have compassion, especially if your patient is struggling or needs extra support. For example, you may take courses on caring for elderly patients or patients with chronic illnesses so you have a better understanding of what they're going through.\\nSince you'll probably have a few patients a day, you'll need to manage your time well and be organized.\\nYou might find that you're also communicating with the patient's family. They may be discussing care options with you and you'll need to act as a go-between with them and the home health agency.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"What's the difference between a CNA and an HHA?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A CNA works in organized healthcare settings and can't give medication.\", \"描述\": \"Although CNAs and HHAs give basic healthcare like bathing, dressing, and grooming patients, CNAs work in hospitals or nursing homes while HHAs usually work in a patient's home. This means that as an HHA, you might help out in other ways—going on walks with the patient or grocery shopping for them, for instance. Since they're not in a care facility, you might need to give them medication or care for wounds that are healing.\\nFor example, you might need to wash and look after a patient's feet if they've got complications from diabetes.\\nSome states require that you become a CNA before becoming an HHA so check your state's regulations.\\nIf you prefer to work with other health care professionals, you may like the CNA job since you're at a hospital or nursing home. HHAs spend more time alone or with patients.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Does a CNA or HHA make more money?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Usually, a CNA is paid more.\", \"描述\": \"In general, the 2018 median salary for CNAs is around $30,800 a year while the 2018 median salary for HHAs is $24,200. This is because CNAs are often hired by clinics or private practices which might pay more than a home health care agency.\\nThere are usually more HHA job opportunities than CNA positions so you may have better luck starting as an HHA.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"How do I find a job as a home health aide?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Once you're qualified, check your local newspaper or call a home health agency.\", \"描述\": \"The Department of Health and Human Services revealed that most HHAs found their jobs by checking advertisements in the newspaper, on TV, or on the radio. You may also know about potential HHA jobs if you work in another healthcare setting. Don't forget that family and friends may know of possible HHA jobs, too.\\nIf a home health agency isn't currently hiring, check back in another week. New jobs frequently open up in the home healthcare field so it pays to check.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fill out an application and give your resume to land the position.\", \"描述\": \"The agency may direct you to fill out an online application or you can drop one of along with your resume. If you don't hear anything from the agency within a few days, call them and ask about setting up an interview. This shows that you're eager and want the job.\\nYour chances at getting an HHA job are great if you've completed your training. The Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts 34% growth in HHA jobs within the next 10 years.\\nIf you're called for an interview, be detailed about what experience you gained during training. You'll probably need to give specific examples of care that you gave to someone in their home.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,447 |
How to Become a Home Improvement Contractor
|
1. Experience and Education
1-1. Get experience in residential construction.
Try to find an entry-level job in general contracting, construction, or home improvement. Then, work your way up through positions to gain skills in every area of the home. Focus on plumbing, carpentry, electricity, and flooring.
Your experience is especially important if you don’t want to pursue further education.
You could apply for a low-level construction job to start with (even a seasonal one is great). As you get more skills and qualifications, you can move up the ranks and get more experience in other areas.
1-2. Gain skills like supervising, client-relations, and budgeting.
If you’re planning to oversee large-scale projects, make sure you have experience in coordinating jobs with others. Try to get leadership experience, talk to clients about jobs, and work on creating budgets and timelines for job sites.
You can get this working at a construction site or doing jobs for a general contractor.
1-3. Try getting a formal education to fast track your job.
Construction Science, Construction Management, Construction Engineering, or Architecture are all valuable degrees for this job. Or, look for programs through the American Council for Construction Education or the American Institute of Constructors.
A lot of community colleges have 1 to 2 year programs for trade workers.
You could also take classes in business and administration as well. These will help you if/when you start your own contracting business.
1-4. Boost your resumé with a certification from NARI or OSHA.
To get a National Association of the Remodeling Industry, or NARI, certification, take a 200-question test on codes, laws, safety standards, and industry-specific skills. To get certified through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, take 10 to 30 hours of in-person safety training.
You’ll have to update your certification periodically (usually every 5 years or so), so keep good records of when you got certified.
2. Licenses and Insurance
2-1. Get a business license if your state requires it.
Every state is different, but most jurisdictions require contractors to have a business license before they start working. You can get one through the licensing board of your state, city, or county, depending on where you live. Create a business plan, come up with a business name, and register your business to get a license.
You may have to take an exam to prove your knowledge on construction and business law.
2-2. Register for a bond to protect your customers.
Bonds are promises from a bonding company (usually the state you work in) to pay your customers if you fail to complete your work. You can apply for a bond by filling out an online registration form through your state or jurisdiction.
Many customers won’t hire a contractor unless they’re bonded, so it’s a good idea to do this as soon as possible.
The amount of the bond varies from state to state. Generally, home improvement contractors have to take out a bond for $10,000 to $20,000.
2-3. Apply for a contractor’s license if your state requires it.
Usually, a state or jurisdiction will require either a business license or a contractor’s license. You will need to take an exam and take a fee to qualify for this license.
You’ll also have to renew your license periodically (usually every 3 to 5 years).
Fees for a contractor’s license vary, but they’re usually between $150 and $200.
This could also be called a “Home Improvement License.”
2-4. Get a lead certification if you’re working on old homes.
Homes built before 1978 may have lead paint on the walls or ceilings. If you plan on working in older homes or buildings, apply for the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Lead-Safe Certification. Some states require you to have this before you start contracting.
You can apply for this certification by visiting https://www.epa.gov/lead/getcertified.
2-5. Purchase insurance to protect your business.
Look for personal liability insurance, property damage insurance, and worker’s compensation (contractors need all three). You can shop around to find the lowest insurance rates near you, but they usually cost around $90 per month in total.
Most clients will ask about your insurance policies, so make sure yours are updated.
2-6. Create a small business with an LLC.
If you’d like to turn your contracting jobs into an actual registered business, you’ll need to apply for a limited liability company, or an LLC. This will protect your business and cover accidents with insurance. Usually, you can register with your state online by filling out a form with your business name, address, and the members/owner.
The other option is filing taxes as an independent contractor. This will be less money up front, but it doesn’t offer the same protections as an LLC does.
3. Business Management
3-1. Market your business online and in local papers.
When you’re first starting out, you can advertise your services locally. Start by taking out ads in your local papers or magazines, then create a website for your business so people can look you up.
Having a social media presence is a great (and free) way to advertise. Start a business page on Facebook or Instagram to get new clients that way.
Keep your website updated with pictures of job sites or completed work.
3-2. Get new clients via word-of-mouth.
Recommendations from friends or family members go a long way. Ask your clients to tell people they know about your services and recommend you for any home improvement jobs.
This is a great way for clients to see your work before they actually talk to you. That way, they can get a feel for what kind of services you offer.
3-3. Join an industry association for networking opportunities.
Talking to other contractors is a great way to find more jobs in your area. Look for an industry association near you, like the Associated General Contractors.
There are also hyper-specific associations you can join, like the International Risk Management Institute (IRMI) or the National Association of Women in Construction (NAWIC).
3-4. Write up a contract for every client.
It’s important to get every job in writing before you start. Give your client an estimate, then write them a contract with payment options and a timeline.
This is to protect both you and your client. If anything goes wrong, you can take your contract to court.
You can also put your bond, license, and insurance information in the contract.
3-5. Oversee jobs, apply for permits, and work with clients.
On a daily basis, you’ll most likely be checking in with your job sites and making sure everything is running smoothly. You may have to apply for residential permits through your city before starting jobs, and you can also do physical labor yourself if you’d like to.
Most large remodels require permits, like adding rooms or building outside enclosures. Smaller jobs, like flooring or kitchen remodels, generally don’t require permits.
Communication is key to being a good contractor. Make sure that you're transparent and open with your clients throughout the projects.
Tips
Make sure you are familiar with what type of jobs require building permits. Large jobs may require both general construction permits and trade permits like electrical and plumbing permits.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Experience and Education\\n1-1. Get experience in residential construction.\\nTry to find an entry-level job in general contracting, construction, or home improvement. Then, work your way up through positions to gain skills in every area of the home. Focus on plumbing, carpentry, electricity, and flooring.\\nYour experience is especially important if you don’t want to pursue further education.\\nYou could apply for a low-level construction job to start with (even a seasonal one is great). As you get more skills and qualifications, you can move up the ranks and get more experience in other areas.\\n1-2. Gain skills like supervising, client-relations, and budgeting.\\nIf you’re planning to oversee large-scale projects, make sure you have experience in coordinating jobs with others. Try to get leadership experience, talk to clients about jobs, and work on creating budgets and timelines for job sites.\\nYou can get this working at a construction site or doing jobs for a general contractor.\\n1-3. Try getting a formal education to fast track your job.\\nConstruction Science, Construction Management, Construction Engineering, or Architecture are all valuable degrees for this job. Or, look for programs through the American Council for Construction Education or the American Institute of Constructors.\\nA lot of community colleges have 1 to 2 year programs for trade workers.\\nYou could also take classes in business and administration as well. These will help you if/when you start your own contracting business.\\n1-4. Boost your resumé with a certification from NARI or OSHA.\\nTo get a National Association of the Remodeling Industry, or NARI, certification, take a 200-question test on codes, laws, safety standards, and industry-specific skills. To get certified through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, take 10 to 30 hours of in-person safety training.\\nYou’ll have to update your certification periodically (usually every 5 years or so), so keep good records of when you got certified.\\n2. Licenses and Insurance\\n2-1. Get a business license if your state requires it.\\nEvery state is different, but most jurisdictions require contractors to have a business license before they start working. You can get one through the licensing board of your state, city, or county, depending on where you live. Create a business plan, come up with a business name, and register your business to get a license.\\nYou may have to take an exam to prove your knowledge on construction and business law.\\n2-2. Register for a bond to protect your customers.\\nBonds are promises from a bonding company (usually the state you work in) to pay your customers if you fail to complete your work. You can apply for a bond by filling out an online registration form through your state or jurisdiction.\\nMany customers won’t hire a contractor unless they’re bonded, so it’s a good idea to do this as soon as possible.\\nThe amount of the bond varies from state to state. Generally, home improvement contractors have to take out a bond for $10,000 to $20,000.\\n2-3. Apply for a contractor’s license if your state requires it.\\nUsually, a state or jurisdiction will require either a business license or a contractor’s license. You will need to take an exam and take a fee to qualify for this license.\\nYou’ll also have to renew your license periodically (usually every 3 to 5 years).\\nFees for a contractor’s license vary, but they’re usually between $150 and $200.\\nThis could also be called a “Home Improvement License.”\\n2-4. Get a lead certification if you’re working on old homes.\\nHomes built before 1978 may have lead paint on the walls or ceilings. If you plan on working in older homes or buildings, apply for the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Lead-Safe Certification. Some states require you to have this before you start contracting.\\nYou can apply for this certification by visiting https://www.epa.gov/lead/getcertified.\\n2-5. Purchase insurance to protect your business.\\nLook for personal liability insurance, property damage insurance, and worker’s compensation (contractors need all three). You can shop around to find the lowest insurance rates near you, but they usually cost around $90 per month in total.\\nMost clients will ask about your insurance policies, so make sure yours are updated.\\n2-6. Create a small business with an LLC.\\nIf you’d like to turn your contracting jobs into an actual registered business, you’ll need to apply for a limited liability company, or an LLC. This will protect your business and cover accidents with insurance. Usually, you can register with your state online by filling out a form with your business name, address, and the members/owner.\\nThe other option is filing taxes as an independent contractor. This will be less money up front, but it doesn’t offer the same protections as an LLC does.\\n3. Business Management\\n3-1. Market your business online and in local papers.\\nWhen you’re first starting out, you can advertise your services locally. Start by taking out ads in your local papers or magazines, then create a website for your business so people can look you up.\\nHaving a social media presence is a great (and free) way to advertise. Start a business page on Facebook or Instagram to get new clients that way.\\nKeep your website updated with pictures of job sites or completed work.\\n3-2. Get new clients via word-of-mouth.\\nRecommendations from friends or family members go a long way. Ask your clients to tell people they know about your services and recommend you for any home improvement jobs.\\nThis is a great way for clients to see your work before they actually talk to you. That way, they can get a feel for what kind of services you offer.\\n3-3. Join an industry association for networking opportunities.\\nTalking to other contractors is a great way to find more jobs in your area. Look for an industry association near you, like the Associated General Contractors.\\nThere are also hyper-specific associations you can join, like the International Risk Management Institute (IRMI) or the National Association of Women in Construction (NAWIC).\\n3-4. Write up a contract for every client.\\nIt’s important to get every job in writing before you start. Give your client an estimate, then write them a contract with payment options and a timeline.\\nThis is to protect both you and your client. If anything goes wrong, you can take your contract to court.\\nYou can also put your bond, license, and insurance information in the contract.\\n3-5. Oversee jobs, apply for permits, and work with clients.\\nOn a daily basis, you’ll most likely be checking in with your job sites and making sure everything is running smoothly. You may have to apply for residential permits through your city before starting jobs, and you can also do physical labor yourself if you’d like to.\\nMost large remodels require permits, like adding rooms or building outside enclosures. Smaller jobs, like flooring or kitchen remodels, generally don’t require permits.\\nCommunication is key to being a good contractor. Make sure that you're transparent and open with your clients throughout the projects.\\nTips\\nMake sure you are familiar with what type of jobs require building permits. Large jobs may require both general construction permits and trade permits like electrical and plumbing permits.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you like doing jobs around the house, you might consider becoming a home improvement contractor. Contractors like these do jobs for individual clients on either a large or a small scale; you could do the jobs yourself or oversee a team of contractors doing the work. A career as a home improvement contractor can grant you the flexibility and autonomy of owning your own business while allowing you to work with your hands and take pride in your handiwork.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Experience and Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get experience in residential construction.\", \"描述\": \"Try to find an entry-level job in general contracting, construction, or home improvement. Then, work your way up through positions to gain skills in every area of the home. Focus on plumbing, carpentry, electricity, and flooring.\\nYour experience is especially important if you don’t want to pursue further education.\\nYou could apply for a low-level construction job to start with (even a seasonal one is great). As you get more skills and qualifications, you can move up the ranks and get more experience in other areas.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gain skills like supervising, client-relations, and budgeting.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re planning to oversee large-scale projects, make sure you have experience in coordinating jobs with others. Try to get leadership experience, talk to clients about jobs, and work on creating budgets and timelines for job sites.\\nYou can get this working at a construction site or doing jobs for a general contractor.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try getting a formal education to fast track your job.\", \"描述\": \"Construction Science, Construction Management, Construction Engineering, or Architecture are all valuable degrees for this job. Or, look for programs through the American Council for Construction Education or the American Institute of Constructors.\\nA lot of community colleges have 1 to 2 year programs for trade workers.\\nYou could also take classes in business and administration as well. These will help you if/when you start your own contracting business.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Boost your resumé with a certification from NARI or OSHA.\", \"描述\": \"To get a National Association of the Remodeling Industry, or NARI, certification, take a 200-question test on codes, laws, safety standards, and industry-specific skills. To get certified through the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, take 10 to 30 hours of in-person safety training.\\nYou’ll have to update your certification periodically (usually every 5 years or so), so keep good records of when you got certified.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Licenses and Insurance\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a business license if your state requires it.\", \"描述\": \"Every state is different, but most jurisdictions require contractors to have a business license before they start working. You can get one through the licensing board of your state, city, or county, depending on where you live. Create a business plan, come up with a business name, and register your business to get a license.\\nYou may have to take an exam to prove your knowledge on construction and business law.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Register for a bond to protect your customers.\", \"描述\": \"Bonds are promises from a bonding company (usually the state you work in) to pay your customers if you fail to complete your work. You can apply for a bond by filling out an online registration form through your state or jurisdiction.\\nMany customers won’t hire a contractor unless they’re bonded, so it’s a good idea to do this as soon as possible.\\nThe amount of the bond varies from state to state. Generally, home improvement contractors have to take out a bond for $10,000 to $20,000.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for a contractor’s license if your state requires it.\", \"描述\": \"Usually, a state or jurisdiction will require either a business license or a contractor’s license. You will need to take an exam and take a fee to qualify for this license.\\nYou’ll also have to renew your license periodically (usually every 3 to 5 years).\\nFees for a contractor’s license vary, but they’re usually between $150 and $200.\\nThis could also be called a “Home Improvement License.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a lead certification if you’re working on old homes.\", \"描述\": \"Homes built before 1978 may have lead paint on the walls or ceilings. If you plan on working in older homes or buildings, apply for the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Lead-Safe Certification. Some states require you to have this before you start contracting.\\nYou can apply for this certification by visiting https://www.epa.gov/lead/getcertified.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Purchase insurance to protect your business.\", \"描述\": \"Look for personal liability insurance, property damage insurance, and worker’s compensation (contractors need all three). You can shop around to find the lowest insurance rates near you, but they usually cost around $90 per month in total.\\nMost clients will ask about your insurance policies, so make sure yours are updated.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Create a small business with an LLC.\", \"描述\": \"If you’d like to turn your contracting jobs into an actual registered business, you’ll need to apply for a limited liability company, or an LLC. This will protect your business and cover accidents with insurance. Usually, you can register with your state online by filling out a form with your business name, address, and the members/owner.\\nThe other option is filing taxes as an independent contractor. This will be less money up front, but it doesn’t offer the same protections as an LLC does.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Business Management\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Market your business online and in local papers.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re first starting out, you can advertise your services locally. Start by taking out ads in your local papers or magazines, then create a website for your business so people can look you up.\\nHaving a social media presence is a great (and free) way to advertise. Start a business page on Facebook or Instagram to get new clients that way.\\nKeep your website updated with pictures of job sites or completed work.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get new clients via word-of-mouth.\", \"描述\": \"Recommendations from friends or family members go a long way. Ask your clients to tell people they know about your services and recommend you for any home improvement jobs.\\nThis is a great way for clients to see your work before they actually talk to you. That way, they can get a feel for what kind of services you offer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Join an industry association for networking opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"Talking to other contractors is a great way to find more jobs in your area. Look for an industry association near you, like the Associated General Contractors.\\nThere are also hyper-specific associations you can join, like the International Risk Management Institute (IRMI) or the National Association of Women in Construction (NAWIC).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Write up a contract for every client.\", \"描述\": \"It’s important to get every job in writing before you start. Give your client an estimate, then write them a contract with payment options and a timeline.\\nThis is to protect both you and your client. If anything goes wrong, you can take your contract to court.\\nYou can also put your bond, license, and insurance information in the contract.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Oversee jobs, apply for permits, and work with clients.\", \"描述\": \"On a daily basis, you’ll most likely be checking in with your job sites and making sure everything is running smoothly. You may have to apply for residential permits through your city before starting jobs, and you can also do physical labor yourself if you’d like to.\\nMost large remodels require permits, like adding rooms or building outside enclosures. Smaller jobs, like flooring or kitchen remodels, generally don’t require permits.\\nCommunication is key to being a good contractor. Make sure that you're transparent and open with your clients throughout the projects.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Make sure you are familiar with what type of jobs require building permits. Large jobs may require both general construction permits and trade permits like electrical and plumbing permits.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,448 |
How to Become a Home Inspector
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1. Getting Licenced
1-1. Research the licensing requirements in your state.
To find licensing requirements in your state, visit The American Society of Home Inspectors website. Licensing requirements vary from state to state and can range from no experience to a high school degree, coursework, licensure, and an apprenticeship. Find the requirements for your particular state so that you have an idea of what you'll need before you can get started.
Some states require you to also pass a background and criminal history check.
In Texas you need to pass pre-licencing courses and complete 128 classroom hours before you can take your inspector's exam.
In New York you need to pass pre-licencing courses and complete 140 classroom hours.
Idaho does not require you to have a license to be a home inspector.
If you live outside of the U.S., check with a relevant government agency where you live.
1-2. Learn how houses are constructed.
Having knowledge about electrical wiring, plumbing, heating systems, cooling systems, and roofing is critical if you want to be a good home inspector. Construction practices have changed over time, so a house that was built decades ago will be very different to one built recently. Having detailed knowledge about how all houses are constructed will give you a better understanding of dangerous housing conditions.
1-3. Take home inspection and licensing courses.
There are various organizations and educational institutions that offer home inspection courses. If you don't want to go to a physical location like a Kaplan University, you can take online courses to achieve your license. Organizations that offer online courses include Inspection Certification Associates, American Home Inspectors Training, and the American Society of Home Inspectors.
1-4. Study for the home inspection exam.
The National Home Inspector Examination (NHIE) offers a comprehensive list of content that will show up on your exam. Go to their website to get a copy of the outline and research each of the tops in greater detail. Make sure to study the content that will be on the test sufficiently before registering for the test.
Questions on the NHIE cover safety topics including, roof drainage, exterior doors and windows, driveways, landscaping, balconies, support structures, wiring and electrical, and plumbing.
The test is four hours long and has around 200 questions.
1-5. Register for the National Home Inspector Examination.
The NHIE is required if you want to practice in 29 states including places like California, New York, Florida, and Texas. Register for the exam by visiting homeinspectionexam.org.
Remember to check if this license is required in your state before paying for it.
In most states the exam costs $225.
Even if passing the exam is not required in your state you should take it anyway, as passing the test is a good indicator of whether you're ready to be a home inspector.
1-6. Pass the home inspection exam and become certified.
Once you've registered for the exam online, you'll likely be given a physical location and date that you'll have to take the test. Make sure to get plenty of rest the night before the test and study leading up to it.
If you fail your initial exam, you can retake the exam in 30 days if you pay another fee.
2. Getting a Job
2-1. Get a job at an established inspecting firm.
Look on search engines and job boards for home inspecting job opportunities. Once you have the required certification and education, and have shadowed another home inspector, apply for the job. Companies are looking for clean-cut, organized, and dependable people. Follow the guidelines for a good interview and be sure to communicate effectively and show up on time.
You can also use any available networking connections and ask around to see which companies are looking for new employees.
When on the interview remember to emphasize your construction, regulation, and inspection knowledge.
A drawback from working for a firm is that they will typically take a 40-60% cut of your inspection fee.
2-2. Start your own business
If you don't want to work at a firm and already have some experience under your belt, you can start your own business. Home inspection businesses don't have a lot of need for human capital if you're the only one that will inspect the homes. To start your own home inspection company, you'll need a reliable vehicle, a computer and a minimum of $25,000 in working capital for overhead items.
Consider incorporating your business to protect yourself from bankruptcy if your company fails.
A large initial cost that you'll have to invest in is business insurance.
Other potential costs include marketing and advertising, tools, association dues, and office space.
2-3. Purchase a home inspecting franchise.
A home inspection franchise will give you the initial tools and contacts that are required to land clients and start making money. Marketing and advertising is also usually covered in the form of logos and other promotional materials. Also, they will have methods that have been proven to be profitable in the past, as well as additional support if you're unsure what to do as a business owner. While the cost of a franchise can sometimes be costly, it may be worth the cost if you have limited experience.
Initial costs, including an initial franchise fee, can cost anywhere up to $40,000 and more.
Remember to read the Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) before purchasing any franchise.
Popular home inspection franchises that you can purchase include Ameri-Spec Inspection Services, Home Team, WIN, and A Pro.
3. Honing Your Skills
3-1. Join a home inspectors organization.
A home inspectors group will provide you a wealth of knowledge in the form of distance education and classroom training. The top organizations for home inspectors in the U.S. include the NAHI (The National Association of Home Inspectors) and the ASHI (The American Society of Home Inspectors). Both of these organizations have a significant number of members who work professionally as home inspectors. In addition to the education, you'll also be able to attend chapter meetings and workshops to talk about inspection and regulation.
3-2. Get a mentor when first starting off.
Some states require you dedicate hours towards an apprenticeship before you can become a certified home inspector. Even if your state doesn't require this, shadowing and working under a seasoned home inspector will give you insight and skills on how you should inspect homes. If you're part of a home inspector association, talk to veteran inspectors and ask if you can be an apprentice under them. If you aren't in an organization contact different firms and see if there is anyone available to take you under their wing.
Being an apprentice will also give you hands-on training.
You can ask by saying something like, "I really respect the great work you do and all your experience. I'm looking for someone who could guide me and show me the ropes. Do you think I could work with you for a little bit?"
3-3. Go for additional training and education once you're an inspector.
Look for regional meetings and seminars that you can attend to stay current and accurate. Many chapters of home inspection organizations will often put on educational events and workshops for existing inspectors. Also, you can use the time around your peers to network with other inspectors.
Follow up with people that you meet at educational workshops and training by calling them on the phone or shooting them an email.
In some states, like Oregon, you have to complete some continuing education classes to keep your home inspection license up to date.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Licenced\\n1-1. Research the licensing requirements in your state.\\nTo find licensing requirements in your state, visit The American Society of Home Inspectors website. Licensing requirements vary from state to state and can range from no experience to a high school degree, coursework, licensure, and an apprenticeship. Find the requirements for your particular state so that you have an idea of what you'll need before you can get started.\\nSome states require you to also pass a background and criminal history check.\\nIn Texas you need to pass pre-licencing courses and complete 128 classroom hours before you can take your inspector's exam.\\nIn New York you need to pass pre-licencing courses and complete 140 classroom hours.\\nIdaho does not require you to have a license to be a home inspector.\\nIf you live outside of the U.S., check with a relevant government agency where you live.\\n1-2. Learn how houses are constructed.\\nHaving knowledge about electrical wiring, plumbing, heating systems, cooling systems, and roofing is critical if you want to be a good home inspector. Construction practices have changed over time, so a house that was built decades ago will be very different to one built recently. Having detailed knowledge about how all houses are constructed will give you a better understanding of dangerous housing conditions.\\n1-3. Take home inspection and licensing courses.\\nThere are various organizations and educational institutions that offer home inspection courses. If you don't want to go to a physical location like a Kaplan University, you can take online courses to achieve your license. Organizations that offer online courses include Inspection Certification Associates, American Home Inspectors Training, and the American Society of Home Inspectors.\\n1-4. Study for the home inspection exam.\\nThe National Home Inspector Examination (NHIE) offers a comprehensive list of content that will show up on your exam. Go to their website to get a copy of the outline and research each of the tops in greater detail. Make sure to study the content that will be on the test sufficiently before registering for the test.\\nQuestions on the NHIE cover safety topics including, roof drainage, exterior doors and windows, driveways, landscaping, balconies, support structures, wiring and electrical, and plumbing.\\nThe test is four hours long and has around 200 questions.\\n1-5. Register for the National Home Inspector Examination.\\nThe NHIE is required if you want to practice in 29 states including places like California, New York, Florida, and Texas. Register for the exam by visiting homeinspectionexam.org.\\nRemember to check if this license is required in your state before paying for it.\\nIn most states the exam costs $225.\\nEven if passing the exam is not required in your state you should take it anyway, as passing the test is a good indicator of whether you're ready to be a home inspector.\\n1-6. Pass the home inspection exam and become certified.\\nOnce you've registered for the exam online, you'll likely be given a physical location and date that you'll have to take the test. Make sure to get plenty of rest the night before the test and study leading up to it.\\nIf you fail your initial exam, you can retake the exam in 30 days if you pay another fee.\\n2. Getting a Job\\n2-1. Get a job at an established inspecting firm.\\nLook on search engines and job boards for home inspecting job opportunities. Once you have the required certification and education, and have shadowed another home inspector, apply for the job. Companies are looking for clean-cut, organized, and dependable people. Follow the guidelines for a good interview and be sure to communicate effectively and show up on time.\\nYou can also use any available networking connections and ask around to see which companies are looking for new employees.\\nWhen on the interview remember to emphasize your construction, regulation, and inspection knowledge.\\nA drawback from working for a firm is that they will typically take a 40-60% cut of your inspection fee.\\n2-2. Start your own business\\nIf you don't want to work at a firm and already have some experience under your belt, you can start your own business. Home inspection businesses don't have a lot of need for human capital if you're the only one that will inspect the homes. To start your own home inspection company, you'll need a reliable vehicle, a computer and a minimum of $25,000 in working capital for overhead items.\\nConsider incorporating your business to protect yourself from bankruptcy if your company fails.\\nA large initial cost that you'll have to invest in is business insurance.\\nOther potential costs include marketing and advertising, tools, association dues, and office space.\\n2-3. Purchase a home inspecting franchise.\\nA home inspection franchise will give you the initial tools and contacts that are required to land clients and start making money. Marketing and advertising is also usually covered in the form of logos and other promotional materials. Also, they will have methods that have been proven to be profitable in the past, as well as additional support if you're unsure what to do as a business owner. While the cost of a franchise can sometimes be costly, it may be worth the cost if you have limited experience.\\nInitial costs, including an initial franchise fee, can cost anywhere up to $40,000 and more.\\nRemember to read the Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) before purchasing any franchise.\\nPopular home inspection franchises that you can purchase include Ameri-Spec Inspection Services, Home Team, WIN, and A Pro.\\n3. Honing Your Skills\\n3-1. Join a home inspectors organization.\\nA home inspectors group will provide you a wealth of knowledge in the form of distance education and classroom training. The top organizations for home inspectors in the U.S. include the NAHI (The National Association of Home Inspectors) and the ASHI (The American Society of Home Inspectors). Both of these organizations have a significant number of members who work professionally as home inspectors. In addition to the education, you'll also be able to attend chapter meetings and workshops to talk about inspection and regulation.\\n3-2. Get a mentor when first starting off.\\nSome states require you dedicate hours towards an apprenticeship before you can become a certified home inspector. Even if your state doesn't require this, shadowing and working under a seasoned home inspector will give you insight and skills on how you should inspect homes. If you're part of a home inspector association, talk to veteran inspectors and ask if you can be an apprentice under them. If you aren't in an organization contact different firms and see if there is anyone available to take you under their wing.\\nBeing an apprentice will also give you hands-on training.\\nYou can ask by saying something like, \\\"I really respect the great work you do and all your experience. I'm looking for someone who could guide me and show me the ropes. Do you think I could work with you for a little bit?\\\"\\n3-3. Go for additional training and education once you're an inspector.\\nLook for regional meetings and seminars that you can attend to stay current and accurate. Many chapters of home inspection organizations will often put on educational events and workshops for existing inspectors. Also, you can use the time around your peers to network with other inspectors.\\nFollow up with people that you meet at educational workshops and training by calling them on the phone or shooting them an email.\\nIn some states, like Oregon, you have to complete some continuing education classes to keep your home inspection license up to date.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you tend to pay close attention to the details and are a stickler for the rules, pursuing a career as a home inspector should be something you consider. Becoming a home inspector can be a fulfilling career that includes travel and allows you to interact with other people on a daily basis. By getting the right education and certification and continuing to hone your skills, you can have a fulfilling career as a home inspector.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Licenced\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research the licensing requirements in your state.\", \"描述\": \"To find licensing requirements in your state, visit The American Society of Home Inspectors website. Licensing requirements vary from state to state and can range from no experience to a high school degree, coursework, licensure, and an apprenticeship. Find the requirements for your particular state so that you have an idea of what you'll need before you can get started.\\nSome states require you to also pass a background and criminal history check.\\nIn Texas you need to pass pre-licencing courses and complete 128 classroom hours before you can take your inspector's exam.\\nIn New York you need to pass pre-licencing courses and complete 140 classroom hours.\\nIdaho does not require you to have a license to be a home inspector.\\nIf you live outside of the U.S., check with a relevant government agency where you live.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn how houses are constructed.\", \"描述\": \"Having knowledge about electrical wiring, plumbing, heating systems, cooling systems, and roofing is critical if you want to be a good home inspector. Construction practices have changed over time, so a house that was built decades ago will be very different to one built recently. Having detailed knowledge about how all houses are constructed will give you a better understanding of dangerous housing conditions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take home inspection and licensing courses.\", \"描述\": \"There are various organizations and educational institutions that offer home inspection courses. If you don't want to go to a physical location like a Kaplan University, you can take online courses to achieve your license. Organizations that offer online courses include Inspection Certification Associates, American Home Inspectors Training, and the American Society of Home Inspectors.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study for the home inspection exam.\", \"描述\": \"The National Home Inspector Examination (NHIE) offers a comprehensive list of content that will show up on your exam. Go to their website to get a copy of the outline and research each of the tops in greater detail. Make sure to study the content that will be on the test sufficiently before registering for the test.\\nQuestions on the NHIE cover safety topics including, roof drainage, exterior doors and windows, driveways, landscaping, balconies, support structures, wiring and electrical, and plumbing.\\nThe test is four hours long and has around 200 questions.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Register for the National Home Inspector Examination.\", \"描述\": \"The NHIE is required if you want to practice in 29 states including places like California, New York, Florida, and Texas. Register for the exam by visiting homeinspectionexam.org.\\nRemember to check if this license is required in your state before paying for it.\\nIn most states the exam costs $225.\\nEven if passing the exam is not required in your state you should take it anyway, as passing the test is a good indicator of whether you're ready to be a home inspector.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pass the home inspection exam and become certified.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've registered for the exam online, you'll likely be given a physical location and date that you'll have to take the test. Make sure to get plenty of rest the night before the test and study leading up to it.\\nIf you fail your initial exam, you can retake the exam in 30 days if you pay another fee.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting a Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a job at an established inspecting firm.\", \"描述\": \"Look on search engines and job boards for home inspecting job opportunities. Once you have the required certification and education, and have shadowed another home inspector, apply for the job. Companies are looking for clean-cut, organized, and dependable people. Follow the guidelines for a good interview and be sure to communicate effectively and show up on time.\\nYou can also use any available networking connections and ask around to see which companies are looking for new employees.\\nWhen on the interview remember to emphasize your construction, regulation, and inspection knowledge.\\nA drawback from working for a firm is that they will typically take a 40-60% cut of your inspection fee.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start your own business\", \"描述\": \"If you don't want to work at a firm and already have some experience under your belt, you can start your own business. Home inspection businesses don't have a lot of need for human capital if you're the only one that will inspect the homes. To start your own home inspection company, you'll need a reliable vehicle, a computer and a minimum of $25,000 in working capital for overhead items.\\nConsider incorporating your business to protect yourself from bankruptcy if your company fails.\\nA large initial cost that you'll have to invest in is business insurance.\\nOther potential costs include marketing and advertising, tools, association dues, and office space.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Purchase a home inspecting franchise.\", \"描述\": \"A home inspection franchise will give you the initial tools and contacts that are required to land clients and start making money. Marketing and advertising is also usually covered in the form of logos and other promotional materials. Also, they will have methods that have been proven to be profitable in the past, as well as additional support if you're unsure what to do as a business owner. While the cost of a franchise can sometimes be costly, it may be worth the cost if you have limited experience.\\nInitial costs, including an initial franchise fee, can cost anywhere up to $40,000 and more.\\nRemember to read the Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) before purchasing any franchise.\\nPopular home inspection franchises that you can purchase include Ameri-Spec Inspection Services, Home Team, WIN, and A Pro.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Honing Your Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Join a home inspectors organization.\", \"描述\": \"A home inspectors group will provide you a wealth of knowledge in the form of distance education and classroom training. The top organizations for home inspectors in the U.S. include the NAHI (The National Association of Home Inspectors) and the ASHI (The American Society of Home Inspectors). Both of these organizations have a significant number of members who work professionally as home inspectors. In addition to the education, you'll also be able to attend chapter meetings and workshops to talk about inspection and regulation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a mentor when first starting off.\", \"描述\": \"Some states require you dedicate hours towards an apprenticeship before you can become a certified home inspector. Even if your state doesn't require this, shadowing and working under a seasoned home inspector will give you insight and skills on how you should inspect homes. If you're part of a home inspector association, talk to veteran inspectors and ask if you can be an apprentice under them. If you aren't in an organization contact different firms and see if there is anyone available to take you under their wing.\\nBeing an apprentice will also give you hands-on training.\\nYou can ask by saying something like, \\\"I really respect the great work you do and all your experience. I'm looking for someone who could guide me and show me the ropes. Do you think I could work with you for a little bit?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Go for additional training and education once you're an inspector.\", \"描述\": \"Look for regional meetings and seminars that you can attend to stay current and accurate. Many chapters of home inspection organizations will often put on educational events and workshops for existing inspectors. Also, you can use the time around your peers to network with other inspectors.\\nFollow up with people that you meet at educational workshops and training by calling them on the phone or shooting them an email.\\nIn some states, like Oregon, you have to complete some continuing education classes to keep your home inspection license up to date.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,449 |
How to Become a Homeopathic Doctor
|
1. Preparing for Homeopathic Medical School
1-1. Be prepared for the commitment.
Just like traditional doctors who earn MDs and DOs, homeopathic doctors must undergo a long and rigorous course of study to earn their NDs (Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine). It will take four years of intense training to become a fully qualified and licensed homeopathic doctor. This isn't a journey you should embark on without seriously examining if you're up to the challenge.
Make sure you can afford the cost of tuition and supplies for medical school, as well as loss of income from your time in school. Contact individual schools for cost estimates.
You will need a strong support system of family and friends to help you get through this process. Make sure you have one in place!
1-2. Set your goals.
What kind of a homeopathic/naturopathetic practice do you want to have? Depending on your goals, your path might look different. Some career paths in homeopathy include:
Homeopathic doctor (the subject of this article)
Homeopathic nurse: you still need education and certification, but don’t need to attend an accredited four-year medical school
A traditional doctor who incorporates homeopathic techniques
An other healthcare provider (acupuncturist or massage therapist) who incorporates homeopathic techniques: many homeopathic medical schools offer courses in related naturopathic practices
Independent practice
Affiliation with a hospital or other medical institution (clinic, community health center, etc.)
1-3. Research homeopathic medical schools.
To become a homeopathic doctor, you must complete a four-year course of education at an accredited school. There are seven accredited homeopathic medical schools in the United States and Canada, located in Washington, California, Oregon, Illinois, Arizona, Connecticut, Toronto, and British Columbia.
You can also find non-accredited schools and training programs where you can get a homeopathic education. However, you may not be able to get certified and/or licensed as a doctor with degrees from those programs.
Make sure that the school you choose will allow you to follow the path that leads to your goals.
1-4. Take the necessary pre-requisite courses.
Though not all homeopathic medical schools will require a bachelor's degree, all will call for at least some scientific background. Contact the school you wish to attend and see what their pre-requisites are. Whether you're enrolled in college full-time as an undergraduate or are taking continuing education courses, focus your credits in the right subjects. A promising applicant to a homeopathic medical school should have credits in the following subjects:
Anatomy
Biochemistry
Botany
Developmental psychology
Physiology
Any other courses or majors your specific homeopathic medical school requests.
2. Getting an ND Degree
2-1. Apply to homeopathic medical schools.
Make sure the schools you apply to offer coursework that will best suit your individual interests. For example, you may want to focus your practice on women, children, or environmental medicine, or get a dual degree in a second area like acupuncture. Don't restrict yourself to a single school — applying to multiple programs that fit your interests raises your chances of being accepted.
2-2. Study hard in medical school.
Don't think of school as a means to an end. Instead, think of school as the most important, foundational part of your journey. This is where you will meet the instructors who will teach you your craft and help you learn how to become a healer. The first two years of the ND degree focus on scientific background, while the third and fourth years branch into clinical experience. Though you can take elective courses in your specific naturopathic interests, all ND curricula prepare you to be a general practitioner:
Botanical medicine
Emergency and physical medicine
Laboratory diagnosis
Diagnostic imaging
Physical and clinical diagnosis
Homeopathy
Minor surgery
Nutrition
Pharmacology
Psychology
2-3. Complete a residency for clinical experience.
Residencies aren't required to get your license (except in Utah), but they can provide invaluable experience before you strike out on your own. During a one to two year residency, you will get hands-on experience in a clinical setting while under the supervision of seasoned homeopathic doctors. You may be able to complete a residency during the third and fourth years of school, or after graduation.
Submit your residency preferences to the Naturopathic Post-Graduate Association. If they find a match for you, you will be able to pursue and complete your residency.
Be aware that there are very few residencies available in homeopathic medicine. Positions are highly competitive.
2-4. Consider shadowing a homeopathic doctor.
As much as you may want the experience of a residency, you might find one hard to come by. MDs are required to complete residencies before they can practice, so there are many residency opportunities available to them. But ND residencies aren't required, so there are far fewer options available. Only about 5-10% of NDs complete a residency.
If a residency isn't an option, look for a homeopathic doctor in your area who will allow you to shadow his or her practice.
Though you won't have the rigorous educational structure of the residency, you will still get supervised clinical experience before you're on your own.
3. Getting Certified and Licensed
3-1. Decide how you plan to get certified.
Organizations that offer certification include The Council for Homeopathic Certification, The American Board of Homeotherapeutics, and the Homeopathic Academy of Naturopathic Physicians. Once you’ve decided which certifications you want to get, research their websites to find out what kind of education you need to complete the certification process.
Note that certification is not the same as licensure, though it may be required to get a license to practice in your area.
3-2. Apply for a certification exam.
Depending on which certification you plan to seek, your requirements will differ. If you meet the qualifications to apply for the exam, you will have to study for and pass it.
Application for The Council for Homeopathic certification exam requires US or Canadian residency; knowledge of classical homeopathy; 500 hours of homeopathic training; 33 hours of training in anatomy, physiology, pathology, and disease; and 250 hours of clinical experience.
Certification through the American Institute of Homeopathy requires either an M.D. or a D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy) in addition to your ND.
3-3. Study for and pass the certification exam.
Order and study from the Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations (NPLEX) Blueprint and Study Guide. Make sure to buy an updated, current copy of the guide, as older versions — while cheaper — may provide outdated information.
Certification organizations usually provide suggestions for how to properly prepare for the exam, as well.
3-4. Contact your state medical board to research licensing in your area.
Homeopathic drugs are not prescription, and can be bought by anyone over the counter. But the legal regulation of who can recommend these treatments in a medical context is murky, and varies from state to state. Homeopathy is legal throughout the U.S., but you need to find out how to protect your practice in your state. Though prosecution of unlicensed homeopathic doctors is rare, it is still a possibility. Do not start a practice until you have registered with the appropriate authority in your state — whether the medical board or the attorney general.
Connecticut, Arizona, and Nevada are the only states that have boards of homeopathic medicine. Contact the homeopathic board if you live in one of those areas.
Acupuncturists and chiropractors should contact their own state boards for legal guidance on homeopathy.
Practitioners in Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Arizona, Connecticut, Florida, Alaska, Utah, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, and Washington D.C. should contact their state attorney general's office.
3-5. Join local and national homeopathy associations.
Once you have the necessary degrees and licenses to be able to practice homeopathy, you should join professional organizations. These organizations will keep you up to date on the latest information and practices in the field. They’ll also give you an opportunity to network with other practitioners and learn more about the homeopathic community. Furthermore, patients may feel uncomfortable working with an unaffiliated doctor who doesn’t belong to a broader medical community. Examples include of national associations include:
North American Society of Homeopaths
National Center for Homeopathy
American Institute of Homeopathy
British Homeopathic Association
Homeopathic Medical Association (UK)
Look for local associations in your region, as well.
3-6. Fulfill your continuing education requirements.
The practice of medicine is an ever-evolving body of knowledge. It's not enough to pass a certification exam once, then stop learning. The Council for Homeopathic Certification requires homeopathic doctors to take at least 20 hours of continuing education every year to maintain certification. This ensures that all practicing, certified doctors are up to date on the newest breakthroughs, innovations, and trends in the field. These hours can be obtained in a number of ways, including:
Attending homeopathic conferences and seminars
Teaching homeopathic classes
Mentoring or supervising a homeopathic student
Publishing scholarly work in the field of homeopathy
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing for Homeopathic Medical School\\n1-1. Be prepared for the commitment.\\nJust like traditional doctors who earn MDs and DOs, homeopathic doctors must undergo a long and rigorous course of study to earn their NDs (Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine). It will take four years of intense training to become a fully qualified and licensed homeopathic doctor. This isn't a journey you should embark on without seriously examining if you're up to the challenge.\\nMake sure you can afford the cost of tuition and supplies for medical school, as well as loss of income from your time in school. Contact individual schools for cost estimates.\\nYou will need a strong support system of family and friends to help you get through this process. Make sure you have one in place!\\n1-2. Set your goals.\\nWhat kind of a homeopathic/naturopathetic practice do you want to have? Depending on your goals, your path might look different. Some career paths in homeopathy include:\\nHomeopathic doctor (the subject of this article)\\nHomeopathic nurse: you still need education and certification, but don’t need to attend an accredited four-year medical school\\nA traditional doctor who incorporates homeopathic techniques\\nAn other healthcare provider (acupuncturist or massage therapist) who incorporates homeopathic techniques: many homeopathic medical schools offer courses in related naturopathic practices\\nIndependent practice\\nAffiliation with a hospital or other medical institution (clinic, community health center, etc.)\\n1-3. Research homeopathic medical schools.\\nTo become a homeopathic doctor, you must complete a four-year course of education at an accredited school. There are seven accredited homeopathic medical schools in the United States and Canada, located in Washington, California, Oregon, Illinois, Arizona, Connecticut, Toronto, and British Columbia.\\nYou can also find non-accredited schools and training programs where you can get a homeopathic education. However, you may not be able to get certified and/or licensed as a doctor with degrees from those programs.\\nMake sure that the school you choose will allow you to follow the path that leads to your goals.\\n1-4. Take the necessary pre-requisite courses.\\nThough not all homeopathic medical schools will require a bachelor's degree, all will call for at least some scientific background. Contact the school you wish to attend and see what their pre-requisites are. Whether you're enrolled in college full-time as an undergraduate or are taking continuing education courses, focus your credits in the right subjects. A promising applicant to a homeopathic medical school should have credits in the following subjects:\\nAnatomy\\nBiochemistry\\nBotany\\nDevelopmental psychology\\nPhysiology\\nAny other courses or majors your specific homeopathic medical school requests.\\n2. Getting an ND Degree\\n2-1. Apply to homeopathic medical schools.\\nMake sure the schools you apply to offer coursework that will best suit your individual interests. For example, you may want to focus your practice on women, children, or environmental medicine, or get a dual degree in a second area like acupuncture. Don't restrict yourself to a single school — applying to multiple programs that fit your interests raises your chances of being accepted.\\n2-2. Study hard in medical school.\\nDon't think of school as a means to an end. Instead, think of school as the most important, foundational part of your journey. This is where you will meet the instructors who will teach you your craft and help you learn how to become a healer. The first two years of the ND degree focus on scientific background, while the third and fourth years branch into clinical experience. Though you can take elective courses in your specific naturopathic interests, all ND curricula prepare you to be a general practitioner:\\nBotanical medicine\\nEmergency and physical medicine\\nLaboratory diagnosis\\nDiagnostic imaging\\nPhysical and clinical diagnosis\\nHomeopathy\\nMinor surgery\\nNutrition\\nPharmacology\\nPsychology\\n2-3. Complete a residency for clinical experience.\\nResidencies aren't required to get your license (except in Utah), but they can provide invaluable experience before you strike out on your own. During a one to two year residency, you will get hands-on experience in a clinical setting while under the supervision of seasoned homeopathic doctors. You may be able to complete a residency during the third and fourth years of school, or after graduation.\\nSubmit your residency preferences to the Naturopathic Post-Graduate Association. If they find a match for you, you will be able to pursue and complete your residency.\\nBe aware that there are very few residencies available in homeopathic medicine. Positions are highly competitive.\\n2-4. Consider shadowing a homeopathic doctor.\\nAs much as you may want the experience of a residency, you might find one hard to come by. MDs are required to complete residencies before they can practice, so there are many residency opportunities available to them. But ND residencies aren't required, so there are far fewer options available. Only about 5-10% of NDs complete a residency.\\nIf a residency isn't an option, look for a homeopathic doctor in your area who will allow you to shadow his or her practice.\\nThough you won't have the rigorous educational structure of the residency, you will still get supervised clinical experience before you're on your own.\\n3. Getting Certified and Licensed\\n3-1. Decide how you plan to get certified.\\nOrganizations that offer certification include The Council for Homeopathic Certification, The American Board of Homeotherapeutics, and the Homeopathic Academy of Naturopathic Physicians. Once you’ve decided which certifications you want to get, research their websites to find out what kind of education you need to complete the certification process.\\nNote that certification is not the same as licensure, though it may be required to get a license to practice in your area.\\n3-2. Apply for a certification exam.\\nDepending on which certification you plan to seek, your requirements will differ. If you meet the qualifications to apply for the exam, you will have to study for and pass it.\\nApplication for The Council for Homeopathic certification exam requires US or Canadian residency; knowledge of classical homeopathy; 500 hours of homeopathic training; 33 hours of training in anatomy, physiology, pathology, and disease; and 250 hours of clinical experience.\\nCertification through the American Institute of Homeopathy requires either an M.D. or a D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy) in addition to your ND.\\n3-3. Study for and pass the certification exam.\\nOrder and study from the Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations (NPLEX) Blueprint and Study Guide. Make sure to buy an updated, current copy of the guide, as older versions — while cheaper — may provide outdated information.\\nCertification organizations usually provide suggestions for how to properly prepare for the exam, as well.\\n3-4. Contact your state medical board to research licensing in your area.\\nHomeopathic drugs are not prescription, and can be bought by anyone over the counter. But the legal regulation of who can recommend these treatments in a medical context is murky, and varies from state to state. Homeopathy is legal throughout the U.S., but you need to find out how to protect your practice in your state. Though prosecution of unlicensed homeopathic doctors is rare, it is still a possibility. Do not start a practice until you have registered with the appropriate authority in your state — whether the medical board or the attorney general.\\nConnecticut, Arizona, and Nevada are the only states that have boards of homeopathic medicine. Contact the homeopathic board if you live in one of those areas.\\nAcupuncturists and chiropractors should contact their own state boards for legal guidance on homeopathy.\\nPractitioners in Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Arizona, Connecticut, Florida, Alaska, Utah, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, and Washington D.C. should contact their state attorney general's office.\\n3-5. Join local and national homeopathy associations.\\nOnce you have the necessary degrees and licenses to be able to practice homeopathy, you should join professional organizations. These organizations will keep you up to date on the latest information and practices in the field. They’ll also give you an opportunity to network with other practitioners and learn more about the homeopathic community. Furthermore, patients may feel uncomfortable working with an unaffiliated doctor who doesn’t belong to a broader medical community. Examples include of national associations include:\\nNorth American Society of Homeopaths\\nNational Center for Homeopathy\\nAmerican Institute of Homeopathy\\nBritish Homeopathic Association\\nHomeopathic Medical Association (UK)\\nLook for local associations in your region, as well.\\n3-6. Fulfill your continuing education requirements.\\nThe practice of medicine is an ever-evolving body of knowledge. It's not enough to pass a certification exam once, then stop learning. The Council for Homeopathic Certification requires homeopathic doctors to take at least 20 hours of continuing education every year to maintain certification. This ensures that all practicing, certified doctors are up to date on the newest breakthroughs, innovations, and trends in the field. These hours can be obtained in a number of ways, including:\\nAttending homeopathic conferences and seminars\\nTeaching homeopathic classes\\nMentoring or supervising a homeopathic student\\nPublishing scholarly work in the field of homeopathy\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Homeopathy is a medical practice guided by the belief that the body can heal itself without traditional medical intervention. Homeopathic doctors cure illness by giving patients small, diluted doses of the very thing causing the illness. This encourages the body to fight off the illness and heal itself. There are many ways to engage with homeopathic practices. The path to becoming a licensed and certified doctor is rigorous, but fulfilling.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing for Homeopathic Medical School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be prepared for the commitment.\", \"描述\": \"Just like traditional doctors who earn MDs and DOs, homeopathic doctors must undergo a long and rigorous course of study to earn their NDs (Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine). It will take four years of intense training to become a fully qualified and licensed homeopathic doctor. This isn't a journey you should embark on without seriously examining if you're up to the challenge.\\nMake sure you can afford the cost of tuition and supplies for medical school, as well as loss of income from your time in school. Contact individual schools for cost estimates.\\nYou will need a strong support system of family and friends to help you get through this process. Make sure you have one in place!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Set your goals.\", \"描述\": \"What kind of a homeopathic/naturopathetic practice do you want to have? Depending on your goals, your path might look different. Some career paths in homeopathy include:\\nHomeopathic doctor (the subject of this article)\\nHomeopathic nurse: you still need education and certification, but don’t need to attend an accredited four-year medical school\\nA traditional doctor who incorporates homeopathic techniques\\nAn other healthcare provider (acupuncturist or massage therapist) who incorporates homeopathic techniques: many homeopathic medical schools offer courses in related naturopathic practices\\nIndependent practice\\nAffiliation with a hospital or other medical institution (clinic, community health center, etc.)\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Research homeopathic medical schools.\", \"描述\": \"To become a homeopathic doctor, you must complete a four-year course of education at an accredited school. There are seven accredited homeopathic medical schools in the United States and Canada, located in Washington, California, Oregon, Illinois, Arizona, Connecticut, Toronto, and British Columbia.\\nYou can also find non-accredited schools and training programs where you can get a homeopathic education. However, you may not be able to get certified and/or licensed as a doctor with degrees from those programs.\\nMake sure that the school you choose will allow you to follow the path that leads to your goals.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the necessary pre-requisite courses.\", \"描述\": \"Though not all homeopathic medical schools will require a bachelor's degree, all will call for at least some scientific background. Contact the school you wish to attend and see what their pre-requisites are. Whether you're enrolled in college full-time as an undergraduate or are taking continuing education courses, focus your credits in the right subjects. A promising applicant to a homeopathic medical school should have credits in the following subjects:\\nAnatomy\\nBiochemistry\\nBotany\\nDevelopmental psychology\\nPhysiology\\nAny other courses or majors your specific homeopathic medical school requests.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting an ND Degree\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to homeopathic medical schools.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure the schools you apply to offer coursework that will best suit your individual interests. For example, you may want to focus your practice on women, children, or environmental medicine, or get a dual degree in a second area like acupuncture. Don't restrict yourself to a single school — applying to multiple programs that fit your interests raises your chances of being accepted.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study hard in medical school.\", \"描述\": \"Don't think of school as a means to an end. Instead, think of school as the most important, foundational part of your journey. This is where you will meet the instructors who will teach you your craft and help you learn how to become a healer. The first two years of the ND degree focus on scientific background, while the third and fourth years branch into clinical experience. Though you can take elective courses in your specific naturopathic interests, all ND curricula prepare you to be a general practitioner:\\nBotanical medicine\\nEmergency and physical medicine\\nLaboratory diagnosis\\nDiagnostic imaging\\nPhysical and clinical diagnosis\\nHomeopathy\\nMinor surgery\\nNutrition\\nPharmacology\\nPsychology\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete a residency for clinical experience.\", \"描述\": \"Residencies aren't required to get your license (except in Utah), but they can provide invaluable experience before you strike out on your own. During a one to two year residency, you will get hands-on experience in a clinical setting while under the supervision of seasoned homeopathic doctors. You may be able to complete a residency during the third and fourth years of school, or after graduation.\\nSubmit your residency preferences to the Naturopathic Post-Graduate Association. If they find a match for you, you will be able to pursue and complete your residency.\\nBe aware that there are very few residencies available in homeopathic medicine. Positions are highly competitive.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider shadowing a homeopathic doctor.\", \"描述\": \"As much as you may want the experience of a residency, you might find one hard to come by. MDs are required to complete residencies before they can practice, so there are many residency opportunities available to them. But ND residencies aren't required, so there are far fewer options available. Only about 5-10% of NDs complete a residency.\\nIf a residency isn't an option, look for a homeopathic doctor in your area who will allow you to shadow his or her practice.\\nThough you won't have the rigorous educational structure of the residency, you will still get supervised clinical experience before you're on your own.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Certified and Licensed\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide how you plan to get certified.\", \"描述\": \"Organizations that offer certification include The Council for Homeopathic Certification, The American Board of Homeotherapeutics, and the Homeopathic Academy of Naturopathic Physicians. Once you’ve decided which certifications you want to get, research their websites to find out what kind of education you need to complete the certification process.\\nNote that certification is not the same as licensure, though it may be required to get a license to practice in your area.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for a certification exam.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on which certification you plan to seek, your requirements will differ. If you meet the qualifications to apply for the exam, you will have to study for and pass it.\\nApplication for The Council for Homeopathic certification exam requires US or Canadian residency; knowledge of classical homeopathy; 500 hours of homeopathic training; 33 hours of training in anatomy, physiology, pathology, and disease; and 250 hours of clinical experience.\\nCertification through the American Institute of Homeopathy requires either an M.D. or a D.O. (Doctor of Osteopathy) in addition to your ND.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Study for and pass the certification exam.\", \"描述\": \"Order and study from the Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examinations (NPLEX) Blueprint and Study Guide. Make sure to buy an updated, current copy of the guide, as older versions — while cheaper — may provide outdated information.\\nCertification organizations usually provide suggestions for how to properly prepare for the exam, as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Contact your state medical board to research licensing in your area.\", \"描述\": \"Homeopathic drugs are not prescription, and can be bought by anyone over the counter. But the legal regulation of who can recommend these treatments in a medical context is murky, and varies from state to state. Homeopathy is legal throughout the U.S., but you need to find out how to protect your practice in your state. Though prosecution of unlicensed homeopathic doctors is rare, it is still a possibility. Do not start a practice until you have registered with the appropriate authority in your state — whether the medical board or the attorney general.\\nConnecticut, Arizona, and Nevada are the only states that have boards of homeopathic medicine. Contact the homeopathic board if you live in one of those areas.\\nAcupuncturists and chiropractors should contact their own state boards for legal guidance on homeopathy.\\nPractitioners in Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Arizona, Connecticut, Florida, Alaska, Utah, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine, and Washington D.C. should contact their state attorney general's office.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Join local and national homeopathy associations.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have the necessary degrees and licenses to be able to practice homeopathy, you should join professional organizations. These organizations will keep you up to date on the latest information and practices in the field. They’ll also give you an opportunity to network with other practitioners and learn more about the homeopathic community. Furthermore, patients may feel uncomfortable working with an unaffiliated doctor who doesn’t belong to a broader medical community. Examples include of national associations include:\\nNorth American Society of Homeopaths\\nNational Center for Homeopathy\\nAmerican Institute of Homeopathy\\nBritish Homeopathic Association\\nHomeopathic Medical Association (UK)\\nLook for local associations in your region, as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Fulfill your continuing education requirements.\", \"描述\": \"The practice of medicine is an ever-evolving body of knowledge. It's not enough to pass a certification exam once, then stop learning. The Council for Homeopathic Certification requires homeopathic doctors to take at least 20 hours of continuing education every year to maintain certification. This ensures that all practicing, certified doctors are up to date on the newest breakthroughs, innovations, and trends in the field. These hours can be obtained in a number of ways, including:\\nAttending homeopathic conferences and seminars\\nTeaching homeopathic classes\\nMentoring or supervising a homeopathic student\\nPublishing scholarly work in the field of homeopathy\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,450 |
How to Become a Homicide Detective
|
1. Getting the Education
1-1. Graduate high school.
Most precincts require you to be a uniformed officer before becoming a detective. A high school diploma or GED is required to begin working as a uniformed officer. Some precincts will even expect additional education or specialized police training on top of your high school education. Check with the precinct that you want to work for to see their education requirements.
1-2. Graduate from the police academy.
In some jurisdictions, you'll complete a police course at a local community college or state-sponsored police class before applying for a job as an officer. In other precincts, you'll apply to become an officer first and then get sponsored by the district to complete academy training. Call the precinct or do a search online to see what the procedure is in your area and apply to the academy.
The average police academy course is 18 weeks long.
At the police academy, you'll learn things like arresting and booking procedures, firearm use, stress management, communication tactics, information on laws, and police strategies.
1-3. Complete a four-year degree in a related subject.
While being a uniformed officer may only require a high school diploma or equivalent degree, to become a homicide detective it's likely you'll have to complete a four-year bachelor's degree. Choose a major in a related field of study such as criminal justice, criminal administration, law enforcement, criminology, police science, forensics, or crime scene investigation.
Other useful courses include law classes, computer classes, and police studies classes.
Some of the best universities for criminal justice include the University of Pennsylvania, the Northeastern University School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, the University of California at Irvine, and the CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice.
Federal agencies like the FBI and DEA require a four-year degree.
1-4. Continue your police education as you work as an officer.
Education is a career-long endeavor for most law enforcement officers and is a requirement in many police districts. Classes in new technical systems will provide you with additional knowledge that you may need to solve a homicide. Also, understanding of new and cutting edge forensic technology will aid you in your job.
You can take additional classes in communication, cultural diversity, technical studies, legal studies, and skill development.
1-5. Pass the detective exam.
The most critical part of being promoted as a field officer to detective is passing the detective exam. While the test will differ depending on the precinct, tests like The National Detective/Investigator Test is used by many different police precincts across the country.
Typically a detective exam will include questions in areas such as criminal investigations, interviewing techniques, and relevant case law.
Your district sometimes provides a study guide or preparation courses.
2. Getting the Experience
2-1. Complete field training after the academy.
While the police academy will teach you the basic foundations of being a law enforcement officer, it's not enough to teach you the skills you'll need on the job day-to-day. Field training is a crucial part of becoming a police officer and detective.
In field training you'll usually shadow a police officer and act as their apprentice.
Field training typically lasts about eight weeks.
2-2. Get experience as a patrol or beat officer.
Most precincts get their homicide detectives by promoting within, so getting experience as a uniformed officer is a must in most circumstances. Also, the experience that you're able to get on the street will help with your communication and intuition.
2-3. Investigate other types of crime.
Since homicide is such a heinous crime, usually the best detectives fill the position. You'll have a much better chance of getting a promotion to homicide detective if you've worked in a related investigative field such as auto theft, robbery, and larceny. Before applying to the homicide unit, consider becoming an investigator in one of these units.
2-4. Show enthusiasm to pursue investigative work to your superiors.
To achieve the promotion to detective or investigator, it's required that you're professional, smart, and have a proven track record. While some officers thrive in public settings, others seem to be more inclined to investigative work. Always take opportunities to investigate and solve crimes in your precinct.
Promotion to detective will also require references from your superiors, so make sure that you show your enthusiasm and willingness to be a homicide detective.
2-5. Apply for a promotion to the homicide unit.
If you've passed the detective test and meet the physical and mental requirements to become a detective, you can apply for a promotion to investigator or detective. Many precincts will require that you have a couple of years of experience before applying to the position. Go to your commanding officer and talk to them about officially applying for a promotion. They can provide you with the paperwork and have a conversation about the likelihood of you getting the job.
The Sacramento, California Police Department requires an 18-month probation period, followed by at least two years of service before you can apply for a promotion to detective.
In Washington D.C. officers need at least two years of service and must undergo specialized training.
3. Being a Good Detective
3-1. Have excellent communication skills.
Interpersonal communication skills are one of the most important tools for a successful homicide detective. Much of your job is spent talking to people, whether it be the families of a victim, a murder suspect, or other law enforcement officers. Effective communication combines many skills including the ability to completely listen to details, asserting yourself, and recognizing the emotions of the person you're talking to. To become a better communicator, pay closer attention to what the person is saying both verbally and non-verbally, and stay in control of your emotions. In addition, be concise and complete with directions you give, and become better at being insightful to other people's feelings and emotions.
Work on your communication skills by talking to a diverse group of people, and continually practice as a uniformed officer.
You may have to talk to grieving family members or an uncooperative murder suspect and have the ability to do both effectively.
Other than communicating, you'll have to be good at understanding people's motivations and perspectives.
3-2. Possess good intuition and problem-solving skills.
As a homicide investigator, you'll have to make inferences and create leads based on evidence from a crime scene. The more experience you have, the more you'll understand the basic principles of categorically different murders.
As a detective you'll have to ascertain the truth from clues. These can include a knocked over chair, a broken window, the position of the victim, or other forensic evidence.
You must also have the ability to pay close attention to detail.
3-3. Maintain good organization.
Create checklists for things that you need to do, or loose ends that you need to look into. Having notes to reference back to and having your documents and evidence neatly organized will save you precious time.
Create different folders for new evidence and documents on your hard drive for each case.
3-4. Remain motivated, energetic, and prepare to put in long hours.
While most homicide detectives have set hours like any other job, most are also on call 24/7. As a homicide detective, you'll be expected to arrive at a crime scene at any time day or night. Be prepared to change your sleeping schedule especially and prepare family or friends for your erratic schedule.
Always remember the importance of your role and the closure that you give grieving families.
Make sure to allocate time with family and friends, so you don't get burned out.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Education\\n1-1. Graduate high school.\\nMost precincts require you to be a uniformed officer before becoming a detective. A high school diploma or GED is required to begin working as a uniformed officer. Some precincts will even expect additional education or specialized police training on top of your high school education. Check with the precinct that you want to work for to see their education requirements.\\n1-2. Graduate from the police academy.\\nIn some jurisdictions, you'll complete a police course at a local community college or state-sponsored police class before applying for a job as an officer. In other precincts, you'll apply to become an officer first and then get sponsored by the district to complete academy training. Call the precinct or do a search online to see what the procedure is in your area and apply to the academy.\\nThe average police academy course is 18 weeks long.\\nAt the police academy, you'll learn things like arresting and booking procedures, firearm use, stress management, communication tactics, information on laws, and police strategies.\\n1-3. Complete a four-year degree in a related subject.\\nWhile being a uniformed officer may only require a high school diploma or equivalent degree, to become a homicide detective it's likely you'll have to complete a four-year bachelor's degree. Choose a major in a related field of study such as criminal justice, criminal administration, law enforcement, criminology, police science, forensics, or crime scene investigation.\\nOther useful courses include law classes, computer classes, and police studies classes.\\nSome of the best universities for criminal justice include the University of Pennsylvania, the Northeastern University School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, the University of California at Irvine, and the CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice.\\nFederal agencies like the FBI and DEA require a four-year degree.\\n1-4. Continue your police education as you work as an officer.\\nEducation is a career-long endeavor for most law enforcement officers and is a requirement in many police districts. Classes in new technical systems will provide you with additional knowledge that you may need to solve a homicide. Also, understanding of new and cutting edge forensic technology will aid you in your job.\\nYou can take additional classes in communication, cultural diversity, technical studies, legal studies, and skill development.\\n1-5. Pass the detective exam.\\nThe most critical part of being promoted as a field officer to detective is passing the detective exam. While the test will differ depending on the precinct, tests like The National Detective/Investigator Test is used by many different police precincts across the country.\\nTypically a detective exam will include questions in areas such as criminal investigations, interviewing techniques, and relevant case law.\\nYour district sometimes provides a study guide or preparation courses.\\n2. Getting the Experience\\n2-1. Complete field training after the academy.\\nWhile the police academy will teach you the basic foundations of being a law enforcement officer, it's not enough to teach you the skills you'll need on the job day-to-day. Field training is a crucial part of becoming a police officer and detective.\\nIn field training you'll usually shadow a police officer and act as their apprentice.\\nField training typically lasts about eight weeks.\\n2-2. Get experience as a patrol or beat officer.\\nMost precincts get their homicide detectives by promoting within, so getting experience as a uniformed officer is a must in most circumstances. Also, the experience that you're able to get on the street will help with your communication and intuition.\\n2-3. Investigate other types of crime.\\nSince homicide is such a heinous crime, usually the best detectives fill the position. You'll have a much better chance of getting a promotion to homicide detective if you've worked in a related investigative field such as auto theft, robbery, and larceny. Before applying to the homicide unit, consider becoming an investigator in one of these units.\\n2-4. Show enthusiasm to pursue investigative work to your superiors.\\nTo achieve the promotion to detective or investigator, it's required that you're professional, smart, and have a proven track record. While some officers thrive in public settings, others seem to be more inclined to investigative work. Always take opportunities to investigate and solve crimes in your precinct.\\nPromotion to detective will also require references from your superiors, so make sure that you show your enthusiasm and willingness to be a homicide detective.\\n2-5. Apply for a promotion to the homicide unit.\\nIf you've passed the detective test and meet the physical and mental requirements to become a detective, you can apply for a promotion to investigator or detective. Many precincts will require that you have a couple of years of experience before applying to the position. Go to your commanding officer and talk to them about officially applying for a promotion. They can provide you with the paperwork and have a conversation about the likelihood of you getting the job.\\nThe Sacramento, California Police Department requires an 18-month probation period, followed by at least two years of service before you can apply for a promotion to detective.\\nIn Washington D.C. officers need at least two years of service and must undergo specialized training.\\n3. Being a Good Detective\\n3-1. Have excellent communication skills.\\nInterpersonal communication skills are one of the most important tools for a successful homicide detective. Much of your job is spent talking to people, whether it be the families of a victim, a murder suspect, or other law enforcement officers. Effective communication combines many skills including the ability to completely listen to details, asserting yourself, and recognizing the emotions of the person you're talking to. To become a better communicator, pay closer attention to what the person is saying both verbally and non-verbally, and stay in control of your emotions. In addition, be concise and complete with directions you give, and become better at being insightful to other people's feelings and emotions.\\nWork on your communication skills by talking to a diverse group of people, and continually practice as a uniformed officer.\\nYou may have to talk to grieving family members or an uncooperative murder suspect and have the ability to do both effectively.\\nOther than communicating, you'll have to be good at understanding people's motivations and perspectives.\\n3-2. Possess good intuition and problem-solving skills.\\nAs a homicide investigator, you'll have to make inferences and create leads based on evidence from a crime scene. The more experience you have, the more you'll understand the basic principles of categorically different murders.\\nAs a detective you'll have to ascertain the truth from clues. These can include a knocked over chair, a broken window, the position of the victim, or other forensic evidence.\\nYou must also have the ability to pay close attention to detail.\\n3-3. Maintain good organization.\\nCreate checklists for things that you need to do, or loose ends that you need to look into. Having notes to reference back to and having your documents and evidence neatly organized will save you precious time.\\nCreate different folders for new evidence and documents on your hard drive for each case.\\n3-4. Remain motivated, energetic, and prepare to put in long hours.\\nWhile most homicide detectives have set hours like any other job, most are also on call 24/7. As a homicide detective, you'll be expected to arrive at a crime scene at any time day or night. Be prepared to change your sleeping schedule especially and prepare family or friends for your erratic schedule.\\nAlways remember the importance of your role and the closure that you give grieving families.\\nMake sure to allocate time with family and friends, so you don't get burned out.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Living the life of a homicide detective is not as easy as it looks in your favorite crime drama. Being a good detective requires an extreme intellect, excellent communication, and a variety of other skills. Homicide detectives deal with deaths under a variety of circumstances including murder, suicide, manslaughter, and officer involved shootings. For many law enforcement professionals, it takes years of hard work to achieve the position. Luckily, if you want to become a homicide detective, you can accomplish your goal by putting in the work and getting the right education and experience.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Graduate high school.\", \"描述\": \"Most precincts require you to be a uniformed officer before becoming a detective. A high school diploma or GED is required to begin working as a uniformed officer. Some precincts will even expect additional education or specialized police training on top of your high school education. Check with the precinct that you want to work for to see their education requirements.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Graduate from the police academy.\", \"描述\": \"In some jurisdictions, you'll complete a police course at a local community college or state-sponsored police class before applying for a job as an officer. In other precincts, you'll apply to become an officer first and then get sponsored by the district to complete academy training. Call the precinct or do a search online to see what the procedure is in your area and apply to the academy.\\nThe average police academy course is 18 weeks long.\\nAt the police academy, you'll learn things like arresting and booking procedures, firearm use, stress management, communication tactics, information on laws, and police strategies.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete a four-year degree in a related subject.\", \"描述\": \"While being a uniformed officer may only require a high school diploma or equivalent degree, to become a homicide detective it's likely you'll have to complete a four-year bachelor's degree. Choose a major in a related field of study such as criminal justice, criminal administration, law enforcement, criminology, police science, forensics, or crime scene investigation.\\nOther useful courses include law classes, computer classes, and police studies classes.\\nSome of the best universities for criminal justice include the University of Pennsylvania, the Northeastern University School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, the University of California at Irvine, and the CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice.\\nFederal agencies like the FBI and DEA require a four-year degree.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Continue your police education as you work as an officer.\", \"描述\": \"Education is a career-long endeavor for most law enforcement officers and is a requirement in many police districts. Classes in new technical systems will provide you with additional knowledge that you may need to solve a homicide. Also, understanding of new and cutting edge forensic technology will aid you in your job.\\nYou can take additional classes in communication, cultural diversity, technical studies, legal studies, and skill development.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pass the detective exam.\", \"描述\": \"The most critical part of being promoted as a field officer to detective is passing the detective exam. While the test will differ depending on the precinct, tests like The National Detective/Investigator Test is used by many different police precincts across the country.\\nTypically a detective exam will include questions in areas such as criminal investigations, interviewing techniques, and relevant case law.\\nYour district sometimes provides a study guide or preparation courses.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting the Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete field training after the academy.\", \"描述\": \"While the police academy will teach you the basic foundations of being a law enforcement officer, it's not enough to teach you the skills you'll need on the job day-to-day. Field training is a crucial part of becoming a police officer and detective.\\nIn field training you'll usually shadow a police officer and act as their apprentice.\\nField training typically lasts about eight weeks.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get experience as a patrol or beat officer.\", \"描述\": \"Most precincts get their homicide detectives by promoting within, so getting experience as a uniformed officer is a must in most circumstances. Also, the experience that you're able to get on the street will help with your communication and intuition.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Investigate other types of crime.\", \"描述\": \"Since homicide is such a heinous crime, usually the best detectives fill the position. You'll have a much better chance of getting a promotion to homicide detective if you've worked in a related investigative field such as auto theft, robbery, and larceny. Before applying to the homicide unit, consider becoming an investigator in one of these units.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Show enthusiasm to pursue investigative work to your superiors.\", \"描述\": \"To achieve the promotion to detective or investigator, it's required that you're professional, smart, and have a proven track record. While some officers thrive in public settings, others seem to be more inclined to investigative work. Always take opportunities to investigate and solve crimes in your precinct.\\nPromotion to detective will also require references from your superiors, so make sure that you show your enthusiasm and willingness to be a homicide detective.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply for a promotion to the homicide unit.\", \"描述\": \"If you've passed the detective test and meet the physical and mental requirements to become a detective, you can apply for a promotion to investigator or detective. Many precincts will require that you have a couple of years of experience before applying to the position. Go to your commanding officer and talk to them about officially applying for a promotion. They can provide you with the paperwork and have a conversation about the likelihood of you getting the job.\\nThe Sacramento, California Police Department requires an 18-month probation period, followed by at least two years of service before you can apply for a promotion to detective.\\nIn Washington D.C. officers need at least two years of service and must undergo specialized training.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Being a Good Detective\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have excellent communication skills.\", \"描述\": \"Interpersonal communication skills are one of the most important tools for a successful homicide detective. Much of your job is spent talking to people, whether it be the families of a victim, a murder suspect, or other law enforcement officers. Effective communication combines many skills including the ability to completely listen to details, asserting yourself, and recognizing the emotions of the person you're talking to. To become a better communicator, pay closer attention to what the person is saying both verbally and non-verbally, and stay in control of your emotions. In addition, be concise and complete with directions you give, and become better at being insightful to other people's feelings and emotions.\\nWork on your communication skills by talking to a diverse group of people, and continually practice as a uniformed officer.\\nYou may have to talk to grieving family members or an uncooperative murder suspect and have the ability to do both effectively.\\nOther than communicating, you'll have to be good at understanding people's motivations and perspectives.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Possess good intuition and problem-solving skills.\", \"描述\": \"As a homicide investigator, you'll have to make inferences and create leads based on evidence from a crime scene. The more experience you have, the more you'll understand the basic principles of categorically different murders.\\nAs a detective you'll have to ascertain the truth from clues. These can include a knocked over chair, a broken window, the position of the victim, or other forensic evidence.\\nYou must also have the ability to pay close attention to detail.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maintain good organization.\", \"描述\": \"Create checklists for things that you need to do, or loose ends that you need to look into. Having notes to reference back to and having your documents and evidence neatly organized will save you precious time.\\nCreate different folders for new evidence and documents on your hard drive for each case.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Remain motivated, energetic, and prepare to put in long hours.\", \"描述\": \"While most homicide detectives have set hours like any other job, most are also on call 24/7. As a homicide detective, you'll be expected to arrive at a crime scene at any time day or night. Be prepared to change your sleeping schedule especially and prepare family or friends for your erratic schedule.\\nAlways remember the importance of your role and the closure that you give grieving families.\\nMake sure to allocate time with family and friends, so you don't get burned out.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,451 |
How to Become a Hooters Girl
|
1. Applying to Become a Hooters Girl
1-1. Research the qualifications.
The job description for a Hooters Girl usually does not require lots of hospitality experience before applying. Instead, most ads prioritize that you should be at least 18 years of age and have the "ability to maintain [an] attractive and fit image."
You might find you will become more competitive for a job if you gain experience in a restaurant or cafe taking orders, working a cash register, and contributing to a large team. Although this is not strictly necessary in all locations, popular Hooters locations will consider experience in a competitive hiring environment.
1-2. Ask for a job in person.
You can find job postings on the "Careers" section of the Hooters website (www.hooters.com), but many Hooters Girls report being able to walk into the restaurant and fill out an application after you ask for one.
Because the value of the Hooters Girl is, according to the company handbook, based on her ideal appearance as an "All-American Cheerleader, Surfer Girl, Girl Next Door," you should present yourself in a way that embodies at least one of these three archetypes.
Dress professionally, but in a way that also flatters your body. Consider wearing a pair of skinny, dark jeans with tall boots and a blouse, a flattering pencil skirt or even a body hugging dress in a dark color (like black or navy) when you go inside to ask about employment. Your potential manager will notice your appearance.
Hooters generally does not employ men on their serving staff, although they have faced multiple law suits over this practice. In 1997, they won a class-action lawsuit against male plaintiffs under the reasoning that hiring an all-female waitstaff was a "bona fide occupational qualification" for its business (meaning the core value of its business would change if it began to hire male servers).,
1-3. Complete a job interview.
If the Hooters restaurant is in immediate need of hiring, you could be interviewed after you fill out your application. But you might also be called in to interview at a later date. Wear a outfit similar to what you wore when you inquired about an application.
Emphasize your perpetually cheerful disposition. Most job ads for Hooters Girls state that they must be "fun, upbeat, and entertaining."
Smile constantly during your interview and do not talk negatively about your past work experiences or complain about former bosses. Talk about your people skills and how you make conversation with strangers.
You will probably be asked questions about your past work experiences, how you approach customer service, how you handle stressful situations or work in a team, your schedule and availability, etc.
1-4. Sign the Acknowledgment form.
If you are offered a position, you will need to sign the Acknowledgment form, which states that you understand that Hooters' work environment is "one in which joking and innuendo based on female sex appeal is commonplace."
You must also state that you do not find your "job duties, uniform requirements or work environment to be offensive, intimidating, hostile or unwelcome."
2. Working as a Hooters Girl
2-1. Wear your uniform appropriately.
According to the Hooters Employee Handbook, your tank top must be tucked into your shorts at all times. Do not reveal your midriff. You must wear a white or nude bra and it can't be visible to customers.
You also must wear pantyhose under your shorts and they must be in the shade Suntan. If your skin is a darker shade than Suntan, you can select a darker shade. You are not allowed to wear a lighter shade of pantyhose than Suntan.
For footwear, you must wear white "slouch" socks and all white sneakers. The sneakers cannot be in any other color than white and they should be a "high top" style.
If you have any tattoos, they cannot be visible while you are wearing your uniform.
You are not allowed to wear the Hooters uniform anywhere outside of Hooters. It should not be visible when you are outside the restaurant.
You should also be prepared to pay for extra elements of the uniform (tank tops, shorts, pantyhose, etc.) You will be provided one uniform but then you are required to buy any extra pieces should your uniform become dirty or frayed.
2-2. Maintain the correct hairstyle.
The Hooters Handbook strictly prohibits wearing a ponytail or pigtails, hats or headbands. Hair is supposed to be done in a "glamorous" style, which suggests hair is worn down and long with full volume.
Consider putting your hair in large rollers for one hour after drying as this will give you added volume and pretty waves.
You should also try back combing the roots of your hair, brushing it out, and then spraying it with hairspray to add extra volume.
2-3. Accentuate your features with makeup.
Makeup is also a required component of your appearance while at Hooters. Your makeup must be, according to the handbook, "camera ready at all times."
Basic components of your beauty routine should include foundation (to even out skin tone and cover any redness), concealer (to cover blemishes and under-eye circles), lipstick, mascara and eyeshadow. Your makeup should be wholesome, yet sexy. For lips, stick to colors like pink, coral and rose tones. Avoid dark wine or plum lip shades.
For eyeshadow, consider more neutral tones of brown and gray. Do not try anything too dramatic (like a bright blue or purple) or overwhelming (like a 60s eye flick or a very smoky eye). "All-American" means pretty and sexy, yet still natural.
You are encouraged to think of yourself not simply as a waitress, but rather as a model who has been "cast" to play the glamorous guide through your customer's pantheon of Hooters-rooted fantasies.
2-4. Wear the appropriate amount of jewelry.
Hooters encourages minimal jewelry; its handbook limits it to one necklace, two rings per hand and two earrings per ear. Chokers and tongue piercings are prohibited.
2-5. Maintain appropriate nails.
For Hooters Girls, nails must be clean and pretty, done in French manicure or nude color. If you wear false nails, make sure they look clean and get them re-done when they start to chip or break off.
You are not allowed to wear nail polish in the following colors: black, gold, silver, purple, blue, green, yellow. Avoid anything that suggests you might have slightly eccentric tastes.
2-6. Be punctual and professional.
Always show up for your shift on time and be prepared to help out your co-workers when scheduling conflicts arise. Most women who work as Hooters Girls have lots of other responsibilities, from working through college to raising families.
Try to keep your schedule flexible. If you have periods where you can take on extra shifts -- like during a school break -- then try to help other co-workers who might have other demands on their time.
2-7. Know your customers.
At breastaurants, 75% of customers are men, most of whom are middle-aged. Unlike other chain restaurants, Hooters encourages waitresses to have a personal rapport with their customers. Make conversation with them and give them personalized attention.
Be very friendly, positive, and engaging. Do not complain, make offensive jokes or use profanity.
Do not touch your customers. Most restaurants stipulate you can only touch customers when putting a hand around their waist in a picture.
2-8. Handle everything for your customers.
This is what Hooters calls its "hands off" approach. If your customers order a pitcher of beer, pour it for them individually. Open every container for them. Your job is to make sure they can simply relax and eat.
3. Maintaining Your Career At Hooters
3-1. Exercise regularly.
Hooters emphasizes that its servers must be "fit," meaning not overweight or obese, or the server could face termination. You will probably have to exercise at least three times a week in order to maintain the body type of a Hooters Girl.
Consider walking, running, swimming, cycling or hiking for at least 30 minutes, 3-4 times a week.
3-2. Understand the state of the business.
Although chain restaurants (like The Olive Garden and Applebee's) have generally struggled to attract customers since the Great Recession of 2008, breastaurants like Hooters (and similar places like Twin Peaks and The Tilted Kilt) have actually grown since 2008. Many waitresses also report getting larger tips at breastaurants than at other franchises.
3-3. Know the risks.
Although you might make larger tips at Hooters, studies have shown it can take a psychological toll on its employees. In some studies, Hooters Girls have reported experiencing lewd comments, groping, harassment and even stalking in extreme cases.
The result is that many waitresses working in breastaurants have reported experiencing feelings of depression, anxiety, anger, and a sense of degradation. They often feel constant pressure to maintain the beauty standards set by their company.
If you start to feel this way while working, turn to your support system of co-workers, friends and family members. Many servers have discussed bonding with their fellow Hooters Girls over these kinds of issues.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Applying to Become a Hooters Girl\\n1-1. Research the qualifications.\\nThe job description for a Hooters Girl usually does not require lots of hospitality experience before applying. Instead, most ads prioritize that you should be at least 18 years of age and have the \\\"ability to maintain [an] attractive and fit image.\\\"\\nYou might find you will become more competitive for a job if you gain experience in a restaurant or cafe taking orders, working a cash register, and contributing to a large team. Although this is not strictly necessary in all locations, popular Hooters locations will consider experience in a competitive hiring environment.\\n1-2. Ask for a job in person.\\nYou can find job postings on the \\\"Careers\\\" section of the Hooters website (www.hooters.com), but many Hooters Girls report being able to walk into the restaurant and fill out an application after you ask for one.\\nBecause the value of the Hooters Girl is, according to the company handbook, based on her ideal appearance as an \\\"All-American Cheerleader, Surfer Girl, Girl Next Door,\\\" you should present yourself in a way that embodies at least one of these three archetypes.\\nDress professionally, but in a way that also flatters your body. Consider wearing a pair of skinny, dark jeans with tall boots and a blouse, a flattering pencil skirt or even a body hugging dress in a dark color (like black or navy) when you go inside to ask about employment. Your potential manager will notice your appearance.\\nHooters generally does not employ men on their serving staff, although they have faced multiple law suits over this practice. In 1997, they won a class-action lawsuit against male plaintiffs under the reasoning that hiring an all-female waitstaff was a \\\"bona fide occupational qualification\\\" for its business (meaning the core value of its business would change if it began to hire male servers).,\\n1-3. Complete a job interview.\\nIf the Hooters restaurant is in immediate need of hiring, you could be interviewed after you fill out your application. But you might also be called in to interview at a later date. Wear a outfit similar to what you wore when you inquired about an application.\\nEmphasize your perpetually cheerful disposition. Most job ads for Hooters Girls state that they must be \\\"fun, upbeat, and entertaining.\\\"\\nSmile constantly during your interview and do not talk negatively about your past work experiences or complain about former bosses. Talk about your people skills and how you make conversation with strangers.\\nYou will probably be asked questions about your past work experiences, how you approach customer service, how you handle stressful situations or work in a team, your schedule and availability, etc.\\n1-4. Sign the Acknowledgment form.\\nIf you are offered a position, you will need to sign the Acknowledgment form, which states that you understand that Hooters' work environment is \\\"one in which joking and innuendo based on female sex appeal is commonplace.\\\"\\nYou must also state that you do not find your \\\"job duties, uniform requirements or work environment to be offensive, intimidating, hostile or unwelcome.\\\"\\n2. Working as a Hooters Girl\\n2-1. Wear your uniform appropriately.\\nAccording to the Hooters Employee Handbook, your tank top must be tucked into your shorts at all times. Do not reveal your midriff. You must wear a white or nude bra and it can't be visible to customers.\\nYou also must wear pantyhose under your shorts and they must be in the shade Suntan. If your skin is a darker shade than Suntan, you can select a darker shade. You are not allowed to wear a lighter shade of pantyhose than Suntan.\\nFor footwear, you must wear white \\\"slouch\\\" socks and all white sneakers. The sneakers cannot be in any other color than white and they should be a \\\"high top\\\" style.\\nIf you have any tattoos, they cannot be visible while you are wearing your uniform.\\nYou are not allowed to wear the Hooters uniform anywhere outside of Hooters. It should not be visible when you are outside the restaurant.\\nYou should also be prepared to pay for extra elements of the uniform (tank tops, shorts, pantyhose, etc.) You will be provided one uniform but then you are required to buy any extra pieces should your uniform become dirty or frayed.\\n2-2. Maintain the correct hairstyle.\\nThe Hooters Handbook strictly prohibits wearing a ponytail or pigtails, hats or headbands. Hair is supposed to be done in a \\\"glamorous\\\" style, which suggests hair is worn down and long with full volume.\\nConsider putting your hair in large rollers for one hour after drying as this will give you added volume and pretty waves.\\nYou should also try back combing the roots of your hair, brushing it out, and then spraying it with hairspray to add extra volume.\\n2-3. Accentuate your features with makeup.\\nMakeup is also a required component of your appearance while at Hooters. Your makeup must be, according to the handbook, \\\"camera ready at all times.\\\"\\nBasic components of your beauty routine should include foundation (to even out skin tone and cover any redness), concealer (to cover blemishes and under-eye circles), lipstick, mascara and eyeshadow. Your makeup should be wholesome, yet sexy. For lips, stick to colors like pink, coral and rose tones. Avoid dark wine or plum lip shades.\\nFor eyeshadow, consider more neutral tones of brown and gray. Do not try anything too dramatic (like a bright blue or purple) or overwhelming (like a 60s eye flick or a very smoky eye). \\\"All-American\\\" means pretty and sexy, yet still natural.\\nYou are encouraged to think of yourself not simply as a waitress, but rather as a model who has been \\\"cast\\\" to play the glamorous guide through your customer's pantheon of Hooters-rooted fantasies.\\n2-4. Wear the appropriate amount of jewelry.\\nHooters encourages minimal jewelry; its handbook limits it to one necklace, two rings per hand and two earrings per ear. Chokers and tongue piercings are prohibited.\\n2-5. Maintain appropriate nails.\\nFor Hooters Girls, nails must be clean and pretty, done in French manicure or nude color. If you wear false nails, make sure they look clean and get them re-done when they start to chip or break off.\\nYou are not allowed to wear nail polish in the following colors: black, gold, silver, purple, blue, green, yellow. Avoid anything that suggests you might have slightly eccentric tastes.\\n2-6. Be punctual and professional.\\nAlways show up for your shift on time and be prepared to help out your co-workers when scheduling conflicts arise. Most women who work as Hooters Girls have lots of other responsibilities, from working through college to raising families.\\nTry to keep your schedule flexible. If you have periods where you can take on extra shifts -- like during a school break -- then try to help other co-workers who might have other demands on their time.\\n2-7. Know your customers.\\nAt breastaurants, 75% of customers are men, most of whom are middle-aged. Unlike other chain restaurants, Hooters encourages waitresses to have a personal rapport with their customers. Make conversation with them and give them personalized attention.\\nBe very friendly, positive, and engaging. Do not complain, make offensive jokes or use profanity.\\nDo not touch your customers. Most restaurants stipulate you can only touch customers when putting a hand around their waist in a picture.\\n2-8. Handle everything for your customers.\\nThis is what Hooters calls its \\\"hands off\\\" approach. If your customers order a pitcher of beer, pour it for them individually. Open every container for them. Your job is to make sure they can simply relax and eat.\\n3. Maintaining Your Career At Hooters\\n3-1. Exercise regularly.\\nHooters emphasizes that its servers must be \\\"fit,\\\" meaning not overweight or obese, or the server could face termination. You will probably have to exercise at least three times a week in order to maintain the body type of a Hooters Girl.\\nConsider walking, running, swimming, cycling or hiking for at least 30 minutes, 3-4 times a week.\\n3-2. Understand the state of the business.\\nAlthough chain restaurants (like The Olive Garden and Applebee's) have generally struggled to attract customers since the Great Recession of 2008, breastaurants like Hooters (and similar places like Twin Peaks and The Tilted Kilt) have actually grown since 2008. Many waitresses also report getting larger tips at breastaurants than at other franchises.\\n3-3. Know the risks.\\nAlthough you might make larger tips at Hooters, studies have shown it can take a psychological toll on its employees. In some studies, Hooters Girls have reported experiencing lewd comments, groping, harassment and even stalking in extreme cases.\\nThe result is that many waitresses working in breastaurants have reported experiencing feelings of depression, anxiety, anger, and a sense of degradation. They often feel constant pressure to maintain the beauty standards set by their company.\\nIf you start to feel this way while working, turn to your support system of co-workers, friends and family members. Many servers have discussed bonding with their fellow Hooters Girls over these kinds of issues.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Hooters is a restaurant franchise with more than 400 locations in the US and in 27 countries globally. The standard uniform of a Hooters Girl involves a pair of tiny orange shorts and a low-cut tank top, a look which encourages the Hooters Girl to trade on her sex appeal more so than her fully-clad counterparts in other large, sit-down chain restaurants.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Applying to Become a Hooters Girl\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research the qualifications.\", \"描述\": \"The job description for a Hooters Girl usually does not require lots of hospitality experience before applying. Instead, most ads prioritize that you should be at least 18 years of age and have the \\\"ability to maintain [an] attractive and fit image.\\\"\\nYou might find you will become more competitive for a job if you gain experience in a restaurant or cafe taking orders, working a cash register, and contributing to a large team. Although this is not strictly necessary in all locations, popular Hooters locations will consider experience in a competitive hiring environment.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask for a job in person.\", \"描述\": \"You can find job postings on the \\\"Careers\\\" section of the Hooters website (www.hooters.com), but many Hooters Girls report being able to walk into the restaurant and fill out an application after you ask for one.\\nBecause the value of the Hooters Girl is, according to the company handbook, based on her ideal appearance as an \\\"All-American Cheerleader, Surfer Girl, Girl Next Door,\\\" you should present yourself in a way that embodies at least one of these three archetypes.\\nDress professionally, but in a way that also flatters your body. Consider wearing a pair of skinny, dark jeans with tall boots and a blouse, a flattering pencil skirt or even a body hugging dress in a dark color (like black or navy) when you go inside to ask about employment. Your potential manager will notice your appearance.\\nHooters generally does not employ men on their serving staff, although they have faced multiple law suits over this practice. In 1997, they won a class-action lawsuit against male plaintiffs under the reasoning that hiring an all-female waitstaff was a \\\"bona fide occupational qualification\\\" for its business (meaning the core value of its business would change if it began to hire male servers).,\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete a job interview.\", \"描述\": \"If the Hooters restaurant is in immediate need of hiring, you could be interviewed after you fill out your application. But you might also be called in to interview at a later date. Wear a outfit similar to what you wore when you inquired about an application.\\nEmphasize your perpetually cheerful disposition. Most job ads for Hooters Girls state that they must be \\\"fun, upbeat, and entertaining.\\\"\\nSmile constantly during your interview and do not talk negatively about your past work experiences or complain about former bosses. Talk about your people skills and how you make conversation with strangers.\\nYou will probably be asked questions about your past work experiences, how you approach customer service, how you handle stressful situations or work in a team, your schedule and availability, etc.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sign the Acknowledgment form.\", \"描述\": \"If you are offered a position, you will need to sign the Acknowledgment form, which states that you understand that Hooters' work environment is \\\"one in which joking and innuendo based on female sex appeal is commonplace.\\\"\\nYou must also state that you do not find your \\\"job duties, uniform requirements or work environment to be offensive, intimidating, hostile or unwelcome.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Working as a Hooters Girl\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wear your uniform appropriately.\", \"描述\": \"According to the Hooters Employee Handbook, your tank top must be tucked into your shorts at all times. Do not reveal your midriff. You must wear a white or nude bra and it can't be visible to customers.\\nYou also must wear pantyhose under your shorts and they must be in the shade Suntan. If your skin is a darker shade than Suntan, you can select a darker shade. You are not allowed to wear a lighter shade of pantyhose than Suntan.\\nFor footwear, you must wear white \\\"slouch\\\" socks and all white sneakers. The sneakers cannot be in any other color than white and they should be a \\\"high top\\\" style.\\nIf you have any tattoos, they cannot be visible while you are wearing your uniform.\\nYou are not allowed to wear the Hooters uniform anywhere outside of Hooters. It should not be visible when you are outside the restaurant.\\nYou should also be prepared to pay for extra elements of the uniform (tank tops, shorts, pantyhose, etc.) You will be provided one uniform but then you are required to buy any extra pieces should your uniform become dirty or frayed.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Maintain the correct hairstyle.\", \"描述\": \"The Hooters Handbook strictly prohibits wearing a ponytail or pigtails, hats or headbands. Hair is supposed to be done in a \\\"glamorous\\\" style, which suggests hair is worn down and long with full volume.\\nConsider putting your hair in large rollers for one hour after drying as this will give you added volume and pretty waves.\\nYou should also try back combing the roots of your hair, brushing it out, and then spraying it with hairspray to add extra volume.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Accentuate your features with makeup.\", \"描述\": \"Makeup is also a required component of your appearance while at Hooters. Your makeup must be, according to the handbook, \\\"camera ready at all times.\\\"\\nBasic components of your beauty routine should include foundation (to even out skin tone and cover any redness), concealer (to cover blemishes and under-eye circles), lipstick, mascara and eyeshadow. Your makeup should be wholesome, yet sexy. For lips, stick to colors like pink, coral and rose tones. Avoid dark wine or plum lip shades.\\nFor eyeshadow, consider more neutral tones of brown and gray. Do not try anything too dramatic (like a bright blue or purple) or overwhelming (like a 60s eye flick or a very smoky eye). \\\"All-American\\\" means pretty and sexy, yet still natural.\\nYou are encouraged to think of yourself not simply as a waitress, but rather as a model who has been \\\"cast\\\" to play the glamorous guide through your customer's pantheon of Hooters-rooted fantasies.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wear the appropriate amount of jewelry.\", \"描述\": \"Hooters encourages minimal jewelry; its handbook limits it to one necklace, two rings per hand and two earrings per ear. Chokers and tongue piercings are prohibited.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Maintain appropriate nails.\", \"描述\": \"For Hooters Girls, nails must be clean and pretty, done in French manicure or nude color. If you wear false nails, make sure they look clean and get them re-done when they start to chip or break off.\\nYou are not allowed to wear nail polish in the following colors: black, gold, silver, purple, blue, green, yellow. Avoid anything that suggests you might have slightly eccentric tastes.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be punctual and professional.\", \"描述\": \"Always show up for your shift on time and be prepared to help out your co-workers when scheduling conflicts arise. Most women who work as Hooters Girls have lots of other responsibilities, from working through college to raising families.\\nTry to keep your schedule flexible. If you have periods where you can take on extra shifts -- like during a school break -- then try to help other co-workers who might have other demands on their time.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Know your customers.\", \"描述\": \"At breastaurants, 75% of customers are men, most of whom are middle-aged. Unlike other chain restaurants, Hooters encourages waitresses to have a personal rapport with their customers. Make conversation with them and give them personalized attention.\\nBe very friendly, positive, and engaging. Do not complain, make offensive jokes or use profanity.\\nDo not touch your customers. Most restaurants stipulate you can only touch customers when putting a hand around their waist in a picture.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Handle everything for your customers.\", \"描述\": \"This is what Hooters calls its \\\"hands off\\\" approach. If your customers order a pitcher of beer, pour it for them individually. Open every container for them. Your job is to make sure they can simply relax and eat.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maintaining Your Career At Hooters\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Exercise regularly.\", \"描述\": \"Hooters emphasizes that its servers must be \\\"fit,\\\" meaning not overweight or obese, or the server could face termination. You will probably have to exercise at least three times a week in order to maintain the body type of a Hooters Girl.\\nConsider walking, running, swimming, cycling or hiking for at least 30 minutes, 3-4 times a week.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understand the state of the business.\", \"描述\": \"Although chain restaurants (like The Olive Garden and Applebee's) have generally struggled to attract customers since the Great Recession of 2008, breastaurants like Hooters (and similar places like Twin Peaks and The Tilted Kilt) have actually grown since 2008. Many waitresses also report getting larger tips at breastaurants than at other franchises.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Know the risks.\", \"描述\": \"Although you might make larger tips at Hooters, studies have shown it can take a psychological toll on its employees. In some studies, Hooters Girls have reported experiencing lewd comments, groping, harassment and even stalking in extreme cases.\\nThe result is that many waitresses working in breastaurants have reported experiencing feelings of depression, anxiety, anger, and a sense of degradation. They often feel constant pressure to maintain the beauty standards set by their company.\\nIf you start to feel this way while working, turn to your support system of co-workers, friends and family members. Many servers have discussed bonding with their fellow Hooters Girls over these kinds of issues.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,452 |
How to Become a Horse Wrangler
|
1. Applying for the Job
1-1. Review job requirements.
There isn’t any one tried and true job description for horse wranglers. Most horse wranglers work on ranches, although some are employed in Hollywood to assist in filmmaking. At the minimum, most horse wranglers:
Clean up horse poop.
Feed, brush, and clean horses.
Herd horses.
Lead tours.
Some horse wranglers may assist in training horses also.
1-2. Look for open positions at public and privately-owned ranches.
The federal government maintains millions of acres of protected lands, much of which houses wild and tamed horses. Also, there are privately-owned ranches throughout the country, from one coast to the other. You can search websites, local horse enthusiast groups, and also the government’s employment website. Also, local feed stores are a great resource for wrangler openings.
If there is a particular area of the country that you’re set on living and working in, limit your search to that area. Otherwise, you’ll have the best chances of finding the perfect position if you open up your search to a region or, better yet, nationally.
1-3. Ask about what might exclude your application.
Privately-owned and government-run ranches each have their own exclusions, so you’ll want to review each application carefully before you submit one. For example, when applying to work for the federal government as a Horse Wrangler, you can’t hold an active real estate license, nor can you have any interest or stock in federal land. Some private ranches may exclude smokers or convicted felons.
Each job announcement should include any exclusions. If you’re unsure, though, make sure to ask if you think there might be a conflict with your application.
1-4. Have your supporting documents ready.
When you’re hired, you’ll need to provide supporting documents as part of your new-hire paperwork, and possibly to support your application. Before you apply for horse wrangler positions, gather your supporting materials so that you have them ready to go as soon as you’re asked for them. This not only makes a good impression with your future employer, but ensures that you won’t hit any snags when getting hired. You’ll want:
A state-issued photo identification, such as a driver’s license
Your social security card
Proof of first aid and CPR certifications
Proof of wilderness survival training, if you have it
Proof of address, such as with a utility bill in your name
2. Training for the Job
2-1. Work your way up.
If you’re just starting out and don’t have experience as a wrangler, you won’t likely work as an actual wrangler right away. Usually you have to work your way up to that position through experience, training, and seniority. Ultimately, you should be promoted to Lead Wrangler, making you the supervisor of all other wranglers on the ranch.
2-2. Attend wrangler school.
You may get a leg up on the competition if you put yourself through wrangler school, although many, if not most, positions will send you to wrangler school as a condition of your probation. Wrangler school will teach you the essential information necessary for any horse wrangler, whether they work for a private or public property.
Most horse-wrangler programs take anywhere from 4-6 weeks.
You’ll learn a variety of important skills, such as knot tying, trail riding, anatomy and behaviors of horses, saddling and shoeing horses, and other relevant skills.
The cost is typically $1000 – 1700 dollars. Ask potential employers if they will reimburse you for the cost of attending wrangler school.
Some schools use a letter grade system (A+ – F), whereas others use a pass/fail system. Most schools require you to pass quizzes and tests to successfully complete the program.
2-3. Learn from your peers and your mistakes.
As a new horse wrangler, nobody expects you to know everything that it takes to be a great wrangler. You will be expected to pay attention to what others are doing, listen to their guidance, and certainly to learn from your mistakes. If you don’t know how to do something, just ask someone to explain it to you.
Don’t pretend to know how to do something that you don’t have experience with. The safety of the horses and your colleagues relies on everyone doing specific jobs.
2-4. Get the right clothes and gear.
Most employers will supply you with a saddle and the basic tools of the trade, but it’s up to you to outfit yourself correctly and to purchase any gear that you might want. Clarify with your employer what they will provide and what you’re expected to purchase.
You want to bring sturdy jeans, boots, t-shirts, and long-sleeve shirts.
You might want a hat or bandana as well.
To save some money, look at local thrift stores for your clothing. You’ll be getting very dirty and there’s no need to spend money on clothes that will get ruined pretty quickly.
You might be expected to bring your own bedding, flashlights, and toiletries too.
3. Setting Realistic Expectations
3-1. Expect to be tired.
Horse wrangling is physically and mentally exhausting work. Your job will start daily before the sun comes up and end long after it’s gone down. You’ll be on your feet or on a horse all day with little time to relax. Remember, too, that some ranches don’t allow days off; instead, they expect that you’ll work a couple of months with no days off for the span of a “season.”
More permanent positions will give you time off, whereas more temporary positions typically will not.
Whether this is a permanent position or seasonal work, you will put in long hours and a lot of hard work. You’ll be tired.
3-2. Make friends while you’re there.
You may be hired with a group of other new wranglers, or you may be a single addition to an already-established team. In either scenario, you want to make friends with your colleagues if you can. Don’t force the relationships, of course, but always keep in mind that you rely on one another, and that you’re all learning how to work together.
It’s important that you communicate effectively with your colleagues and that you don’t get frustrated with them or yourself.
3-3. Have some prior knowledge of horses before you become a wrangler.
It wouldn’t make any sense for you to try and be a mechanic having no knowledge of cars and it makes just as little sense to try and be a horse wrangler without some knowledge of horses. Your employer will want to see that you know about horses, their temperaments, how to care for them, and that you show a true passion for these animals, all before you’re hired.
Your local library should have a variety of books, videos, and digital resources available to instruct you about horses and their care.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Applying for the Job\\n1-1. Review job requirements.\\nThere isn’t any one tried and true job description for horse wranglers. Most horse wranglers work on ranches, although some are employed in Hollywood to assist in filmmaking. At the minimum, most horse wranglers:\\nClean up horse poop.\\nFeed, brush, and clean horses.\\nHerd horses.\\nLead tours.\\nSome horse wranglers may assist in training horses also.\\n1-2. Look for open positions at public and privately-owned ranches.\\nThe federal government maintains millions of acres of protected lands, much of which houses wild and tamed horses. Also, there are privately-owned ranches throughout the country, from one coast to the other. You can search websites, local horse enthusiast groups, and also the government’s employment website. Also, local feed stores are a great resource for wrangler openings.\\nIf there is a particular area of the country that you’re set on living and working in, limit your search to that area. Otherwise, you’ll have the best chances of finding the perfect position if you open up your search to a region or, better yet, nationally.\\n1-3. Ask about what might exclude your application.\\nPrivately-owned and government-run ranches each have their own exclusions, so you’ll want to review each application carefully before you submit one. For example, when applying to work for the federal government as a Horse Wrangler, you can’t hold an active real estate license, nor can you have any interest or stock in federal land. Some private ranches may exclude smokers or convicted felons.\\nEach job announcement should include any exclusions. If you’re unsure, though, make sure to ask if you think there might be a conflict with your application.\\n1-4. Have your supporting documents ready.\\nWhen you’re hired, you’ll need to provide supporting documents as part of your new-hire paperwork, and possibly to support your application. Before you apply for horse wrangler positions, gather your supporting materials so that you have them ready to go as soon as you’re asked for them. This not only makes a good impression with your future employer, but ensures that you won’t hit any snags when getting hired. You’ll want: \\nA state-issued photo identification, such as a driver’s license\\nYour social security card\\nProof of first aid and CPR certifications\\nProof of wilderness survival training, if you have it\\nProof of address, such as with a utility bill in your name\\n2. Training for the Job\\n2-1. Work your way up.\\nIf you’re just starting out and don’t have experience as a wrangler, you won’t likely work as an actual wrangler right away. Usually you have to work your way up to that position through experience, training, and seniority. Ultimately, you should be promoted to Lead Wrangler, making you the supervisor of all other wranglers on the ranch.\\n2-2. Attend wrangler school.\\nYou may get a leg up on the competition if you put yourself through wrangler school, although many, if not most, positions will send you to wrangler school as a condition of your probation. Wrangler school will teach you the essential information necessary for any horse wrangler, whether they work for a private or public property.\\nMost horse-wrangler programs take anywhere from 4-6 weeks.\\nYou’ll learn a variety of important skills, such as knot tying, trail riding, anatomy and behaviors of horses, saddling and shoeing horses, and other relevant skills.\\nThe cost is typically $1000 – 1700 dollars. Ask potential employers if they will reimburse you for the cost of attending wrangler school.\\nSome schools use a letter grade system (A+ – F), whereas others use a pass/fail system. Most schools require you to pass quizzes and tests to successfully complete the program.\\n2-3. Learn from your peers and your mistakes.\\nAs a new horse wrangler, nobody expects you to know everything that it takes to be a great wrangler. You will be expected to pay attention to what others are doing, listen to their guidance, and certainly to learn from your mistakes. If you don’t know how to do something, just ask someone to explain it to you.\\nDon’t pretend to know how to do something that you don’t have experience with. The safety of the horses and your colleagues relies on everyone doing specific jobs.\\n2-4. Get the right clothes and gear.\\nMost employers will supply you with a saddle and the basic tools of the trade, but it’s up to you to outfit yourself correctly and to purchase any gear that you might want. Clarify with your employer what they will provide and what you’re expected to purchase.\\nYou want to bring sturdy jeans, boots, t-shirts, and long-sleeve shirts.\\nYou might want a hat or bandana as well.\\nTo save some money, look at local thrift stores for your clothing. You’ll be getting very dirty and there’s no need to spend money on clothes that will get ruined pretty quickly.\\nYou might be expected to bring your own bedding, flashlights, and toiletries too.\\n3. Setting Realistic Expectations\\n3-1. Expect to be tired.\\nHorse wrangling is physically and mentally exhausting work. Your job will start daily before the sun comes up and end long after it’s gone down. You’ll be on your feet or on a horse all day with little time to relax. Remember, too, that some ranches don’t allow days off; instead, they expect that you’ll work a couple of months with no days off for the span of a “season.” \\nMore permanent positions will give you time off, whereas more temporary positions typically will not.\\nWhether this is a permanent position or seasonal work, you will put in long hours and a lot of hard work. You’ll be tired.\\n3-2. Make friends while you’re there.\\nYou may be hired with a group of other new wranglers, or you may be a single addition to an already-established team. In either scenario, you want to make friends with your colleagues if you can. Don’t force the relationships, of course, but always keep in mind that you rely on one another, and that you’re all learning how to work together.\\nIt’s important that you communicate effectively with your colleagues and that you don’t get frustrated with them or yourself.\\n3-3. Have some prior knowledge of horses before you become a wrangler.\\nIt wouldn’t make any sense for you to try and be a mechanic having no knowledge of cars and it makes just as little sense to try and be a horse wrangler without some knowledge of horses. Your employer will want to see that you know about horses, their temperaments, how to care for them, and that you show a true passion for these animals, all before you’re hired.\\nYour local library should have a variety of books, videos, and digital resources available to instruct you about horses and their care.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You love working outside, working hard, working with your hands, and you’re a horse fanatic. That’s why being a horse wrangler might be the perfect job for you. Horse wranglers not only herd horses, but sometimes train or personally care for them as well. The long hours, the dirt, and the travelling may not be for everyone though. Consider your lifestyle, your abilities, and whether or not you’re ready for a ‘round-the-clock commitment to your job. Horse wrangling offers wonderful opportunities, but is demanding work, and it might be just the job for you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Applying for the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Review job requirements.\", \"描述\": \"There isn’t any one tried and true job description for horse wranglers. Most horse wranglers work on ranches, although some are employed in Hollywood to assist in filmmaking. At the minimum, most horse wranglers:\\nClean up horse poop.\\nFeed, brush, and clean horses.\\nHerd horses.\\nLead tours.\\nSome horse wranglers may assist in training horses also.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for open positions at public and privately-owned ranches.\", \"描述\": \"The federal government maintains millions of acres of protected lands, much of which houses wild and tamed horses. Also, there are privately-owned ranches throughout the country, from one coast to the other. You can search websites, local horse enthusiast groups, and also the government’s employment website. Also, local feed stores are a great resource for wrangler openings.\\nIf there is a particular area of the country that you’re set on living and working in, limit your search to that area. Otherwise, you’ll have the best chances of finding the perfect position if you open up your search to a region or, better yet, nationally.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask about what might exclude your application.\", \"描述\": \"Privately-owned and government-run ranches each have their own exclusions, so you’ll want to review each application carefully before you submit one. For example, when applying to work for the federal government as a Horse Wrangler, you can’t hold an active real estate license, nor can you have any interest or stock in federal land. Some private ranches may exclude smokers or convicted felons.\\nEach job announcement should include any exclusions. If you’re unsure, though, make sure to ask if you think there might be a conflict with your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Have your supporting documents ready.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re hired, you’ll need to provide supporting documents as part of your new-hire paperwork, and possibly to support your application. Before you apply for horse wrangler positions, gather your supporting materials so that you have them ready to go as soon as you’re asked for them. This not only makes a good impression with your future employer, but ensures that you won’t hit any snags when getting hired. You’ll want: \\nA state-issued photo identification, such as a driver’s license\\nYour social security card\\nProof of first aid and CPR certifications\\nProof of wilderness survival training, if you have it\\nProof of address, such as with a utility bill in your name\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Training for the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work your way up.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re just starting out and don’t have experience as a wrangler, you won’t likely work as an actual wrangler right away. Usually you have to work your way up to that position through experience, training, and seniority. Ultimately, you should be promoted to Lead Wrangler, making you the supervisor of all other wranglers on the ranch.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attend wrangler school.\", \"描述\": \"You may get a leg up on the competition if you put yourself through wrangler school, although many, if not most, positions will send you to wrangler school as a condition of your probation. Wrangler school will teach you the essential information necessary for any horse wrangler, whether they work for a private or public property.\\nMost horse-wrangler programs take anywhere from 4-6 weeks.\\nYou’ll learn a variety of important skills, such as knot tying, trail riding, anatomy and behaviors of horses, saddling and shoeing horses, and other relevant skills.\\nThe cost is typically $1000 – 1700 dollars. Ask potential employers if they will reimburse you for the cost of attending wrangler school.\\nSome schools use a letter grade system (A+ – F), whereas others use a pass/fail system. Most schools require you to pass quizzes and tests to successfully complete the program.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn from your peers and your mistakes.\", \"描述\": \"As a new horse wrangler, nobody expects you to know everything that it takes to be a great wrangler. You will be expected to pay attention to what others are doing, listen to their guidance, and certainly to learn from your mistakes. If you don’t know how to do something, just ask someone to explain it to you.\\nDon’t pretend to know how to do something that you don’t have experience with. The safety of the horses and your colleagues relies on everyone doing specific jobs.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get the right clothes and gear.\", \"描述\": \"Most employers will supply you with a saddle and the basic tools of the trade, but it’s up to you to outfit yourself correctly and to purchase any gear that you might want. Clarify with your employer what they will provide and what you’re expected to purchase.\\nYou want to bring sturdy jeans, boots, t-shirts, and long-sleeve shirts.\\nYou might want a hat or bandana as well.\\nTo save some money, look at local thrift stores for your clothing. You’ll be getting very dirty and there’s no need to spend money on clothes that will get ruined pretty quickly.\\nYou might be expected to bring your own bedding, flashlights, and toiletries too.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Setting Realistic Expectations\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Expect to be tired.\", \"描述\": \"Horse wrangling is physically and mentally exhausting work. Your job will start daily before the sun comes up and end long after it’s gone down. You’ll be on your feet or on a horse all day with little time to relax. Remember, too, that some ranches don’t allow days off; instead, they expect that you’ll work a couple of months with no days off for the span of a “season.” \\nMore permanent positions will give you time off, whereas more temporary positions typically will not.\\nWhether this is a permanent position or seasonal work, you will put in long hours and a lot of hard work. You’ll be tired.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make friends while you’re there.\", \"描述\": \"You may be hired with a group of other new wranglers, or you may be a single addition to an already-established team. In either scenario, you want to make friends with your colleagues if you can. Don’t force the relationships, of course, but always keep in mind that you rely on one another, and that you’re all learning how to work together.\\nIt’s important that you communicate effectively with your colleagues and that you don’t get frustrated with them or yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have some prior knowledge of horses before you become a wrangler.\", \"描述\": \"It wouldn’t make any sense for you to try and be a mechanic having no knowledge of cars and it makes just as little sense to try and be a horse wrangler without some knowledge of horses. Your employer will want to see that you know about horses, their temperaments, how to care for them, and that you show a true passion for these animals, all before you’re hired.\\nYour local library should have a variety of books, videos, and digital resources available to instruct you about horses and their care.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,453 |
How to Become a Host on Zoom
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1. Steps
1-1. Open Zoom.
You'll find this app in the Start menu or Applications folder in Finder.
1-2. Join a Zoom meeting.
If you need help to join a meeting that's already in progress, refer to How to Join a Zoom Meeting on PC or Mac.
1-3. Click Participants.
It's with an icon that looks like two people centered at the bottom of your screen.
1-4. Click Claim Host.
You'll see this at the bottom of the participants list.
1-5. Enter your host key.
It's the 6-digit key the meeting creator gave you or the code listed on your profile. Once this is entered correctly and verified, you will see host controls appear for the meeting.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Open Zoom.\\nYou'll find this app in the Start menu or Applications folder in Finder.\\n1-2. Join a Zoom meeting.\\nIf you need help to join a meeting that's already in progress, refer to How to Join a Zoom Meeting on PC or Mac.\\n1-3. Click Participants.\\nIt's with an icon that looks like two people centered at the bottom of your screen.\\n1-4. Click Claim Host.\\nYou'll see this at the bottom of the participants list.\\n1-5. Enter your host key.\\nIt's the 6-digit key the meeting creator gave you or the code listed on your profile. Once this is entered correctly and verified, you will see host controls appear for the meeting.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"This wikiHow teaches you how to become a host on Zoom using a host key. To become a host, you'll need the Zoom Windows or macOS desktop application with a Pro, Business, Enterprise, or Education account. The meeting creator can provide 6-digit host keys to participants who plan on being hosts. You can find your own host key in your profile.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open Zoom.\", \"描述\": \"You'll find this app in the Start menu or Applications folder in Finder.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Join a Zoom meeting.\", \"描述\": \"If you need help to join a meeting that's already in progress, refer to How to Join a Zoom Meeting on PC or Mac.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Click Participants.\", \"描述\": \"It's with an icon that looks like two people centered at the bottom of your screen.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Click Claim Host.\", \"描述\": \"You'll see this at the bottom of the participants list.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Enter your host key.\", \"描述\": \"It's the 6-digit key the meeting creator gave you or the code listed on your profile. Once this is entered correctly and verified, you will see host controls appear for the meeting.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,454 |
How to Become a Hotel Receptionist
|
1. Duties and Requirements
1-1. Understand the job description.
While job duties will vary from hotel to hotel, there are certain responsibilities that all hotel receptionists are required to manage. These include handling reservations and cancellations, processing payments, answering guests' questions, taking messages, and answering the phone.
This role requires you to be able to stay calm during stressful situations. Practice both your patience and your negotiating skills.
1-2. Prepare to work a variety of shifts.
Working as a hotel receptionist will require you to work days, nights, weekends, and sometimes overnight. Be prepared to keep a flexible schedule.
Usually, the front desk is open 24/7, and this is one of the biggest cons of this position. If you don't feel like working in the middle of the night, the shifts can be quite unpleasant for you.
1-3. Get a well-balanced education.
A minimum of a high school diploma will be required, and some college courses or a degree in hospitality will also help you to become a hotel receptionist. Learning a second language, especially one used by tourists in the location that you wish to work in, can be advantageous.
Take English and communications classes that will provide you with the ability to communicate effectively both verbally and in writing.
Take math and finance classes so that you are prepared to handle payments and money.
Look for opportunities to take hospitality courses. Many community colleges and online schools offer classes in travel, tourism, and hotel management.
2. Experience and Skills
2-1. Obtain experience in office and front desk functions.
Work as a receptionist or an office assistant in a professional setting. This will help you learn skills required of a hotel receptionist.
Getting experience managing a front desk can make you a valuable candidate for hire. Remain on good terms with former employers so that they can provide you with a recommendation.
Answer phones, greet customers, organize paper and computer files, and get experience managing multiple administrative functions.
Maintain a network of contacts. Stay in contact with higher-ups and terminate your employment on good terms with your employer so that they can give you a personal reference when you ultimately apply to a hotel receptionist role.
2-2. Sharpen your customer service skills.
Working as a clerk in a retail setting, or a call center will give you the customer service experience that you need to become a hotel receptionist.
Provide answers to questions, resolve complaints, and maintain a cheerful, positive and professional attitude when dealing with customers.
2-3. Learn various types of computer software.
Stay up-to-date with technology, since you may need to learn new computer programs quickly. Many hotels will use specific databases and online reservation systems. Master a variety of programs so that you can be prepared for any software scenario.
Learn how to use the Microsoft Office suite, including Word, Excel, Access and Outlook. Become familiar with creating a spreadsheet of data, as data entry will be a key part of your job.
2-4. Put together a resume that reflects your education and experience.
Make sure that you have an objective section, which highlights your goal of becoming a hotel receptionist. Emphasize your strengths and any relevant skills. Use a sample resume to format the document correctly.
Be sure to proofread your document for spelling errors and be sure to use professional language throughout.
3. Resume and Application Process
3-1. Look for open receptionist positions online.
Check online job search websites such as CareerBuilder, Monster and Indeed. You can perform a search using specific keywords such as "hotel receptionist" and choosing the city or state you want to work in.
3-2. Call hotels in your area.
Call the front desk and ask whether they are hiring a receptionist. You may instead want to visit in person so that employees will be able to connect your face with your name.
Drop off your resume at local hotels where you would like to work. Ask to speak to the manager and introduce yourself. This will give you a chance to demonstrate your professional and positive attitude.
3-3. Apply for the job.
Once you find a job, send a resume and a cover letter to the hiring manager. Your cover letter should express why you are interested in the receptionist role, and which assets you have that you would bring to the role. If you have previous experience working as an administrative assistant or receptionist, be sure to mention that in the cover letter.
Keep your cover letter limited to one typed page, as the employer has to read through many applications. Use positive and energetic language to convey your personality throughout.
3-4. Interview for the role.
Wear professional clothes, and take note of what their current receptionist wears in order to maintain a consistent look. Hotels value their branding, so if the hotel uses specific colors in their logo and branding, wear those colors to the interview. Be prepared to answer questions about your past experiences and your future goals with the company.
Following the interview, send an email thanking the interviewer for taking the time to meet with you. Hopefully, you will hear back within a week or two with news that you got the job.
Tips
Learn a foreign language. Being able to communicate with international guests will help you get a job as a hotel receptionist.
Talk to hotel receptionists about their jobs. A professional will be able to tell you about their daily work, and can give you some advice on how to become a hotel receptionist, and what skills and strengths you will need to develop.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Duties and Requirements\\n1-1. Understand the job description.\\nWhile job duties will vary from hotel to hotel, there are certain responsibilities that all hotel receptionists are required to manage. These include handling reservations and cancellations, processing payments, answering guests' questions, taking messages, and answering the phone.\\nThis role requires you to be able to stay calm during stressful situations. Practice both your patience and your negotiating skills.\\n1-2. Prepare to work a variety of shifts.\\nWorking as a hotel receptionist will require you to work days, nights, weekends, and sometimes overnight. Be prepared to keep a flexible schedule.\\nUsually, the front desk is open 24/7, and this is one of the biggest cons of this position. If you don't feel like working in the middle of the night, the shifts can be quite unpleasant for you.\\n1-3. Get a well-balanced education.\\nA minimum of a high school diploma will be required, and some college courses or a degree in hospitality will also help you to become a hotel receptionist. Learning a second language, especially one used by tourists in the location that you wish to work in, can be advantageous.\\nTake English and communications classes that will provide you with the ability to communicate effectively both verbally and in writing.\\nTake math and finance classes so that you are prepared to handle payments and money.\\nLook for opportunities to take hospitality courses. Many community colleges and online schools offer classes in travel, tourism, and hotel management.\\n2. Experience and Skills\\n2-1. Obtain experience in office and front desk functions.\\nWork as a receptionist or an office assistant in a professional setting. This will help you learn skills required of a hotel receptionist.\\nGetting experience managing a front desk can make you a valuable candidate for hire. Remain on good terms with former employers so that they can provide you with a recommendation.\\nAnswer phones, greet customers, organize paper and computer files, and get experience managing multiple administrative functions.\\nMaintain a network of contacts. Stay in contact with higher-ups and terminate your employment on good terms with your employer so that they can give you a personal reference when you ultimately apply to a hotel receptionist role.\\n2-2. Sharpen your customer service skills.\\nWorking as a clerk in a retail setting, or a call center will give you the customer service experience that you need to become a hotel receptionist.\\nProvide answers to questions, resolve complaints, and maintain a cheerful, positive and professional attitude when dealing with customers.\\n2-3. Learn various types of computer software.\\nStay up-to-date with technology, since you may need to learn new computer programs quickly. Many hotels will use specific databases and online reservation systems. Master a variety of programs so that you can be prepared for any software scenario.\\nLearn how to use the Microsoft Office suite, including Word, Excel, Access and Outlook. Become familiar with creating a spreadsheet of data, as data entry will be a key part of your job.\\n2-4. Put together a resume that reflects your education and experience.\\nMake sure that you have an objective section, which highlights your goal of becoming a hotel receptionist. Emphasize your strengths and any relevant skills. Use a sample resume to format the document correctly.\\nBe sure to proofread your document for spelling errors and be sure to use professional language throughout.\\n3. Resume and Application Process\\n3-1. Look for open receptionist positions online.\\nCheck online job search websites such as CareerBuilder, Monster and Indeed. You can perform a search using specific keywords such as \\\"hotel receptionist\\\" and choosing the city or state you want to work in.\\n3-2. Call hotels in your area.\\nCall the front desk and ask whether they are hiring a receptionist. You may instead want to visit in person so that employees will be able to connect your face with your name.\\nDrop off your resume at local hotels where you would like to work. Ask to speak to the manager and introduce yourself. This will give you a chance to demonstrate your professional and positive attitude.\\n3-3. Apply for the job.\\nOnce you find a job, send a resume and a cover letter to the hiring manager. Your cover letter should express why you are interested in the receptionist role, and which assets you have that you would bring to the role. If you have previous experience working as an administrative assistant or receptionist, be sure to mention that in the cover letter.\\nKeep your cover letter limited to one typed page, as the employer has to read through many applications. Use positive and energetic language to convey your personality throughout.\\n3-4. Interview for the role.\\nWear professional clothes, and take note of what their current receptionist wears in order to maintain a consistent look. Hotels value their branding, so if the hotel uses specific colors in their logo and branding, wear those colors to the interview. Be prepared to answer questions about your past experiences and your future goals with the company.\\nFollowing the interview, send an email thanking the interviewer for taking the time to meet with you. Hopefully, you will hear back within a week or two with news that you got the job.\\nTips\\nLearn a foreign language. Being able to communicate with international guests will help you get a job as a hotel receptionist.\\nTalk to hotel receptionists about their jobs. A professional will be able to tell you about their daily work, and can give you some advice on how to become a hotel receptionist, and what skills and strengths you will need to develop.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The hotel receptionist's role is vital, as they are essentially the face of the organization, being customer-facing and in charge of booking reservations. Gaining office administration experience and maintaining a professional attitude can help you to land a job as a hotel receptionist. Take hospitality courses and learn a new language to impress future employers, and show potential bosses that you will provide excellent customer service by maintaining a network of contacts who can refer to your skills.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Duties and Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand the job description.\", \"描述\": \"While job duties will vary from hotel to hotel, there are certain responsibilities that all hotel receptionists are required to manage. These include handling reservations and cancellations, processing payments, answering guests' questions, taking messages, and answering the phone.\\nThis role requires you to be able to stay calm during stressful situations. Practice both your patience and your negotiating skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare to work a variety of shifts.\", \"描述\": \"Working as a hotel receptionist will require you to work days, nights, weekends, and sometimes overnight. Be prepared to keep a flexible schedule.\\nUsually, the front desk is open 24/7, and this is one of the biggest cons of this position. If you don't feel like working in the middle of the night, the shifts can be quite unpleasant for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a well-balanced education.\", \"描述\": \"A minimum of a high school diploma will be required, and some college courses or a degree in hospitality will also help you to become a hotel receptionist. Learning a second language, especially one used by tourists in the location that you wish to work in, can be advantageous.\\nTake English and communications classes that will provide you with the ability to communicate effectively both verbally and in writing.\\nTake math and finance classes so that you are prepared to handle payments and money.\\nLook for opportunities to take hospitality courses. Many community colleges and online schools offer classes in travel, tourism, and hotel management.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Experience and Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain experience in office and front desk functions.\", \"描述\": \"Work as a receptionist or an office assistant in a professional setting. This will help you learn skills required of a hotel receptionist.\\nGetting experience managing a front desk can make you a valuable candidate for hire. Remain on good terms with former employers so that they can provide you with a recommendation.\\nAnswer phones, greet customers, organize paper and computer files, and get experience managing multiple administrative functions.\\nMaintain a network of contacts. Stay in contact with higher-ups and terminate your employment on good terms with your employer so that they can give you a personal reference when you ultimately apply to a hotel receptionist role.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Sharpen your customer service skills.\", \"描述\": \"Working as a clerk in a retail setting, or a call center will give you the customer service experience that you need to become a hotel receptionist.\\nProvide answers to questions, resolve complaints, and maintain a cheerful, positive and professional attitude when dealing with customers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn various types of computer software.\", \"描述\": \"Stay up-to-date with technology, since you may need to learn new computer programs quickly. Many hotels will use specific databases and online reservation systems. Master a variety of programs so that you can be prepared for any software scenario.\\nLearn how to use the Microsoft Office suite, including Word, Excel, Access and Outlook. Become familiar with creating a spreadsheet of data, as data entry will be a key part of your job.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Put together a resume that reflects your education and experience.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure that you have an objective section, which highlights your goal of becoming a hotel receptionist. Emphasize your strengths and any relevant skills. Use a sample resume to format the document correctly.\\nBe sure to proofread your document for spelling errors and be sure to use professional language throughout.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Resume and Application Process\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for open receptionist positions online.\", \"描述\": \"Check online job search websites such as CareerBuilder, Monster and Indeed. You can perform a search using specific keywords such as \\\"hotel receptionist\\\" and choosing the city or state you want to work in.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Call hotels in your area.\", \"描述\": \"Call the front desk and ask whether they are hiring a receptionist. You may instead want to visit in person so that employees will be able to connect your face with your name.\\nDrop off your resume at local hotels where you would like to work. Ask to speak to the manager and introduce yourself. This will give you a chance to demonstrate your professional and positive attitude.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for the job.\", \"描述\": \"Once you find a job, send a resume and a cover letter to the hiring manager. Your cover letter should express why you are interested in the receptionist role, and which assets you have that you would bring to the role. If you have previous experience working as an administrative assistant or receptionist, be sure to mention that in the cover letter.\\nKeep your cover letter limited to one typed page, as the employer has to read through many applications. Use positive and energetic language to convey your personality throughout.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Interview for the role.\", \"描述\": \"Wear professional clothes, and take note of what their current receptionist wears in order to maintain a consistent look. Hotels value their branding, so if the hotel uses specific colors in their logo and branding, wear those colors to the interview. Be prepared to answer questions about your past experiences and your future goals with the company.\\nFollowing the interview, send an email thanking the interviewer for taking the time to meet with you. Hopefully, you will hear back within a week or two with news that you got the job.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Learn a foreign language. Being able to communicate with international guests will help you get a job as a hotel receptionist.\\n\", \"Talk to hotel receptionists about their jobs. A professional will be able to tell you about their daily work, and can give you some advice on how to become a hotel receptionist, and what skills and strengths you will need to develop.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,455 |
How to Become a Human Resources Manager
|
1. Getting the Proper Education
1-1. Learn about the career path.
Before you start on the path to becoming a human resources manager, spend some time learning about the career path. Becoming a human resources manager can be a high-paying, rewarding career path.
Human resource managers have a great deal of responsibility. They plan, direct, and coordinate administrative functions of an organization and are responsible for hiring new staff, helping executives with strategic planning, and helping foster positive communication between an organization's management and its employees.
One positive thing about being a human resource manager is that the job is always in demand. Nearly every type of business or organization needs a human resources manager. The average annual range is, nearly $100,000 per year.
The demand for human resources managers is expected to grow over the years. It may be easier to find employment as time goes on.
1-2. Take relevant courses in high school.
If you want to become a human resources manager, take relevant courses in high school. You should also stock up on extracurricular activities that are relevant to your career.
Take classes in business, marketing, and economics. You may also want to take classes in psychology as you'll need to be able to work with people. Some background in psychology can give you input into how people think.
Seek out leadership positions in high school. This can look good on a college application and help you start gaining experience that can help you land internships in colleges. Be the captain of a sport's team. Get a position on student council. Volunteer at local non-profits and charities, seeking positions of power.
Study hard in school and maintain a high GPA. Strive to do well on any standardized tests, such as the ACTs and the SATS, as high scores combined with good grades can help you get into a good college or university.
1-3. Earn a bachelor's degree.
You need at least a bachelor's degree to become a human resources manager. Work towards a bachelor's degree in a relevant subject if you want to become a human resources manager.
If your school has human resources management as a major, this is probably the best option. Other relevant fields of study include business and finance. A minor in something like psychology can also be helpful as you'll be working with people as a career.
Try to stock up on relevant courses for electives. Take advanced business courses, management courses, and marketing courses not required for your degree path. This could potentially impress an employee.
1-4. Pursue internships or summer work during college.
It is vital to gain internship and work experience during college if you want to be a human resources manager. Employers will look to your resume to see if you have relevant skills as you seek out entry level positions. Make the most out of college by gaining experience during your education.
Any job that requires working with people is great for a human resources management position. Look for sales position, marketing jobs, and other part time work that requires a lot of face-to-face interactions with customers and clients during college.
As you reach your junior and senior year, look for internships. You can talk to a career counselor at your school about where to look for internships. You can also let professors and fellow students know you're on the lookout for internship experience. They might pass the information on to you.
2. Gaining Experience
2-1. Write a resume.
A solid resume is an invaluable marketing tool. Before graduation, compile a solid resume that you can use to market yourself as you seek out entry level work.
Formatting in a resume should be consistent. If you use bullet points to explain your experience for one job, use bullet points to talk about the next job. Keep font sizes and choices consistent. Go for easily legible fonts over flowery, cursive types.
Make sure you include your e-mail, address, full name, and a link to your personal website if you have one.
Word your experience is an impressive terms as possible. If you worked as a sales associate at Macy's during college, for example, don't say, "Helped customers pick out clothes." Instead, say something like, "Advised customers on a wide array of stylistic options provided by the Macy's corporation, providing polite and informative feedback on product choices." You can find a list of resume buzzwords online that can help you phrase your resume.
A fun resume design can help set your resume apart. You can look up lists of creative resume designs online for inspiration. If you're applying for a job in a more creative firm, a fun resume can really bolster your chances of landing an interview.
Take advantage of the resources at your college while you're still a student. Have a career adviser look over your resume and give you feedback. Go to any resume workshops provided by your college.
Make sure to include a cover letter as well—this clarifies the job that you're applying to and makes sense of your career history for the employer.
2-2. Seek an entry level position.
Once you've graduated, use your resume to find entry level experience. Usually a year of experience is required for a human resources manager position so be on the lookout for jobs in business, manager, and human resources. You'll have to work your way up to become an HR manager.
Go to any job fairs offered by your college. Be sure to hand out your resume to any recruiters. Networking is often key to finding a job.
Talk to past colleagues. Tell your old supervisors from work and internship experience you're looking for a job. Talk to old professors. Let fellow graduates who've found work know you're on the job hunt.
Job boards, such as Indeed.com and Monster, also post job listings on occasion. Consider applying to some work through these places as well. You may be less likely to hear back, however, as many people apply for jobs through these means.
2-3. Practice solid interview skills.
If you're called in for an interview, practice good interview skills. Being respectful, professional, and impressive during an interview can help land you a job.
Always dress up for interviews. For women, wear a conservative blouse and dress pants or a professional dress or women's suit. For men, a suit and tie is best. Make sure your shoes are also business professional. It might be a good idea to conceal any tattoos or piercings.
Use solid non-verbal communication. Make eye contact with the interviewer. Smile and nod to show you are listening. Stand up straight to convey confidence. Offer a firm handshake at the beginning and end of the interview.
Research the company before going in for an interview. You want to show that you're invested and interested in the potential job. Spend some time browsing the company website learning about the company's mission, ethics, and history.
Always ask questions at the end of the interview. Do not simply ask logistic questions, such as the pay or when you can expect to hear back. Instead, ask broad, open-ended questions like, "What is your company's culture like?" and "What do you like about working here?"
2-4. Consider a master's degree.
After working in the field for a year or so, consider a master's degree. While a master's is not required for all human resource manager positions, it can certainly help set you apart from the competition. For some positions, the additional training that comes with a master's degree may be required.
For certain specific fields of human resource management, such as labor or industrial relations, a master's may be required. There are a variety of fields in which you can get your master's to advance in the field of human resources management.
You may be able to simply get a master's in human resources management. However, a master's in business administration can also help. Talk to human resource managers you know have master's degrees and ask them for advice and recommendations. This can help you make an informed decision.
3. Continuing Your Career
3-1. Find work in a human resources department.
Once you've earned your master's or worked in the field for a while, start looking for human resource positions. Working in human resources can allow you to work you way up to a management position.
Use connections from your college, internship, or graduate program or search general job listings for open positions.
If you're currently employed somewhere, you might be able to apply for jobs within your company in the human resources department. Most company's are more likely to hire an employee who already works for them rather than hiring an outsider.
3-2. Work in the field for a few years.
Certification is generally the next step in the human resource management career field. However, certification exams generally require one year of professional HR experience. More experience can increase your likelihood of being approved to take the exam. It might be a good idea to work in the field of HR for a few years before pursuing certification.
3-3. Pursue certification.
Once you've had a few years of experience, pursue certification. Certification can set you apart from the competition during the hiring process.
You can apply to take the exam through a variety of certification programs. The best program for you depends on your state and career goals. Fees and the application process vary but most certification programs require a master's degree and at least a year of professional experience.
You can find a certification handbook for the exam you choose online. This handbook will provide an extensive overview of the exam process and procedures. It will also provide a study guide you can use to take the certification exam.
3-4. Pass the certification exam.
Once you schedule your exam state, take the exam at the required time and place. Exam length varies by state and certification program. In some programs, you'll get your scores right away. In others, you'll have to wait a few weeks for your scores to come in the mail. Once you pass your exam, you'll usually receive some kind of certificate.
3-5. Continue seeking higher paying work.
After certification, you can start pursuing higher paid management positions. With a certification, master's, and a few years of experience you should have an edge over the competition. As with previous job searches, seek work through networking with former employees and peers. You can also seek out employment on job boards.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Proper Education\\n1-1. Learn about the career path.\\nBefore you start on the path to becoming a human resources manager, spend some time learning about the career path. Becoming a human resources manager can be a high-paying, rewarding career path.\\nHuman resource managers have a great deal of responsibility. They plan, direct, and coordinate administrative functions of an organization and are responsible for hiring new staff, helping executives with strategic planning, and helping foster positive communication between an organization's management and its employees.\\nOne positive thing about being a human resource manager is that the job is always in demand. Nearly every type of business or organization needs a human resources manager. The average annual range is, nearly $100,000 per year.\\nThe demand for human resources managers is expected to grow over the years. It may be easier to find employment as time goes on.\\n1-2. Take relevant courses in high school.\\nIf you want to become a human resources manager, take relevant courses in high school. You should also stock up on extracurricular activities that are relevant to your career.\\nTake classes in business, marketing, and economics. You may also want to take classes in psychology as you'll need to be able to work with people. Some background in psychology can give you input into how people think.\\nSeek out leadership positions in high school. This can look good on a college application and help you start gaining experience that can help you land internships in colleges. Be the captain of a sport's team. Get a position on student council. Volunteer at local non-profits and charities, seeking positions of power.\\nStudy hard in school and maintain a high GPA. Strive to do well on any standardized tests, such as the ACTs and the SATS, as high scores combined with good grades can help you get into a good college or university.\\n1-3. Earn a bachelor's degree.\\nYou need at least a bachelor's degree to become a human resources manager. Work towards a bachelor's degree in a relevant subject if you want to become a human resources manager.\\nIf your school has human resources management as a major, this is probably the best option. Other relevant fields of study include business and finance. A minor in something like psychology can also be helpful as you'll be working with people as a career.\\nTry to stock up on relevant courses for electives. Take advanced business courses, management courses, and marketing courses not required for your degree path. This could potentially impress an employee.\\n1-4. Pursue internships or summer work during college.\\nIt is vital to gain internship and work experience during college if you want to be a human resources manager. Employers will look to your resume to see if you have relevant skills as you seek out entry level positions. Make the most out of college by gaining experience during your education.\\nAny job that requires working with people is great for a human resources management position. Look for sales position, marketing jobs, and other part time work that requires a lot of face-to-face interactions with customers and clients during college.\\nAs you reach your junior and senior year, look for internships. You can talk to a career counselor at your school about where to look for internships. You can also let professors and fellow students know you're on the lookout for internship experience. They might pass the information on to you.\\n2. Gaining Experience\\n2-1. Write a resume.\\nA solid resume is an invaluable marketing tool. Before graduation, compile a solid resume that you can use to market yourself as you seek out entry level work.\\nFormatting in a resume should be consistent. If you use bullet points to explain your experience for one job, use bullet points to talk about the next job. Keep font sizes and choices consistent. Go for easily legible fonts over flowery, cursive types.\\nMake sure you include your e-mail, address, full name, and a link to your personal website if you have one.\\nWord your experience is an impressive terms as possible. If you worked as a sales associate at Macy's during college, for example, don't say, \\\"Helped customers pick out clothes.\\\" Instead, say something like, \\\"Advised customers on a wide array of stylistic options provided by the Macy's corporation, providing polite and informative feedback on product choices.\\\" You can find a list of resume buzzwords online that can help you phrase your resume.\\nA fun resume design can help set your resume apart. You can look up lists of creative resume designs online for inspiration. If you're applying for a job in a more creative firm, a fun resume can really bolster your chances of landing an interview.\\nTake advantage of the resources at your college while you're still a student. Have a career adviser look over your resume and give you feedback. Go to any resume workshops provided by your college.\\nMake sure to include a cover letter as well—this clarifies the job that you're applying to and makes sense of your career history for the employer.\\n2-2. Seek an entry level position.\\nOnce you've graduated, use your resume to find entry level experience. Usually a year of experience is required for a human resources manager position so be on the lookout for jobs in business, manager, and human resources. You'll have to work your way up to become an HR manager.\\nGo to any job fairs offered by your college. Be sure to hand out your resume to any recruiters. Networking is often key to finding a job.\\nTalk to past colleagues. Tell your old supervisors from work and internship experience you're looking for a job. Talk to old professors. Let fellow graduates who've found work know you're on the job hunt.\\nJob boards, such as Indeed.com and Monster, also post job listings on occasion. Consider applying to some work through these places as well. You may be less likely to hear back, however, as many people apply for jobs through these means.\\n2-3. Practice solid interview skills.\\nIf you're called in for an interview, practice good interview skills. Being respectful, professional, and impressive during an interview can help land you a job.\\nAlways dress up for interviews. For women, wear a conservative blouse and dress pants or a professional dress or women's suit. For men, a suit and tie is best. Make sure your shoes are also business professional. It might be a good idea to conceal any tattoos or piercings.\\nUse solid non-verbal communication. Make eye contact with the interviewer. Smile and nod to show you are listening. Stand up straight to convey confidence. Offer a firm handshake at the beginning and end of the interview.\\nResearch the company before going in for an interview. You want to show that you're invested and interested in the potential job. Spend some time browsing the company website learning about the company's mission, ethics, and history.\\nAlways ask questions at the end of the interview. Do not simply ask logistic questions, such as the pay or when you can expect to hear back. Instead, ask broad, open-ended questions like, \\\"What is your company's culture like?\\\" and \\\"What do you like about working here?\\\"\\n2-4. Consider a master's degree.\\nAfter working in the field for a year or so, consider a master's degree. While a master's is not required for all human resource manager positions, it can certainly help set you apart from the competition. For some positions, the additional training that comes with a master's degree may be required.\\nFor certain specific fields of human resource management, such as labor or industrial relations, a master's may be required. There are a variety of fields in which you can get your master's to advance in the field of human resources management.\\nYou may be able to simply get a master's in human resources management. However, a master's in business administration can also help. Talk to human resource managers you know have master's degrees and ask them for advice and recommendations. This can help you make an informed decision.\\n3. Continuing Your Career\\n3-1. Find work in a human resources department.\\nOnce you've earned your master's or worked in the field for a while, start looking for human resource positions. Working in human resources can allow you to work you way up to a management position.\\nUse connections from your college, internship, or graduate program or search general job listings for open positions.\\nIf you're currently employed somewhere, you might be able to apply for jobs within your company in the human resources department. Most company's are more likely to hire an employee who already works for them rather than hiring an outsider.\\n3-2. Work in the field for a few years.\\nCertification is generally the next step in the human resource management career field. However, certification exams generally require one year of professional HR experience. More experience can increase your likelihood of being approved to take the exam. It might be a good idea to work in the field of HR for a few years before pursuing certification.\\n3-3. Pursue certification.\\nOnce you've had a few years of experience, pursue certification. Certification can set you apart from the competition during the hiring process.\\nYou can apply to take the exam through a variety of certification programs. The best program for you depends on your state and career goals. Fees and the application process vary but most certification programs require a master's degree and at least a year of professional experience.\\nYou can find a certification handbook for the exam you choose online. This handbook will provide an extensive overview of the exam process and procedures. It will also provide a study guide you can use to take the certification exam.\\n3-4. Pass the certification exam.\\nOnce you schedule your exam state, take the exam at the required time and place. Exam length varies by state and certification program. In some programs, you'll get your scores right away. In others, you'll have to wait a few weeks for your scores to come in the mail. Once you pass your exam, you'll usually receive some kind of certificate.\\n3-5. Continue seeking higher paying work.\\nAfter certification, you can start pursuing higher paid management positions. With a certification, master's, and a few years of experience you should have an edge over the competition. As with previous job searches, seek work through networking with former employees and peers. You can also seek out employment on job boards.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Human resource managers act as liaisons between employees and corporate leadership. Within an organization like a company or a charity, HR managers are responsible for maintaining positive relationships between the employer and employees and ensuring that workers are happy and satisfied. The path to becoming a human resources manager is long but can be rewarding.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Proper Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn about the career path.\", \"描述\": \"Before you start on the path to becoming a human resources manager, spend some time learning about the career path. Becoming a human resources manager can be a high-paying, rewarding career path.\\nHuman resource managers have a great deal of responsibility. They plan, direct, and coordinate administrative functions of an organization and are responsible for hiring new staff, helping executives with strategic planning, and helping foster positive communication between an organization's management and its employees.\\nOne positive thing about being a human resource manager is that the job is always in demand. Nearly every type of business or organization needs a human resources manager. The average annual range is, nearly $100,000 per year.\\nThe demand for human resources managers is expected to grow over the years. It may be easier to find employment as time goes on.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take relevant courses in high school.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to become a human resources manager, take relevant courses in high school. You should also stock up on extracurricular activities that are relevant to your career.\\nTake classes in business, marketing, and economics. You may also want to take classes in psychology as you'll need to be able to work with people. Some background in psychology can give you input into how people think.\\nSeek out leadership positions in high school. This can look good on a college application and help you start gaining experience that can help you land internships in colleges. Be the captain of a sport's team. Get a position on student council. Volunteer at local non-profits and charities, seeking positions of power.\\nStudy hard in school and maintain a high GPA. Strive to do well on any standardized tests, such as the ACTs and the SATS, as high scores combined with good grades can help you get into a good college or university.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Earn a bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"You need at least a bachelor's degree to become a human resources manager. Work towards a bachelor's degree in a relevant subject if you want to become a human resources manager.\\nIf your school has human resources management as a major, this is probably the best option. Other relevant fields of study include business and finance. A minor in something like psychology can also be helpful as you'll be working with people as a career.\\nTry to stock up on relevant courses for electives. Take advanced business courses, management courses, and marketing courses not required for your degree path. This could potentially impress an employee.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pursue internships or summer work during college.\", \"描述\": \"It is vital to gain internship and work experience during college if you want to be a human resources manager. Employers will look to your resume to see if you have relevant skills as you seek out entry level positions. Make the most out of college by gaining experience during your education.\\nAny job that requires working with people is great for a human resources management position. Look for sales position, marketing jobs, and other part time work that requires a lot of face-to-face interactions with customers and clients during college.\\nAs you reach your junior and senior year, look for internships. You can talk to a career counselor at your school about where to look for internships. You can also let professors and fellow students know you're on the lookout for internship experience. They might pass the information on to you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write a resume.\", \"描述\": \"A solid resume is an invaluable marketing tool. Before graduation, compile a solid resume that you can use to market yourself as you seek out entry level work.\\nFormatting in a resume should be consistent. If you use bullet points to explain your experience for one job, use bullet points to talk about the next job. Keep font sizes and choices consistent. Go for easily legible fonts over flowery, cursive types.\\nMake sure you include your e-mail, address, full name, and a link to your personal website if you have one.\\nWord your experience is an impressive terms as possible. If you worked as a sales associate at Macy's during college, for example, don't say, \\\"Helped customers pick out clothes.\\\" Instead, say something like, \\\"Advised customers on a wide array of stylistic options provided by the Macy's corporation, providing polite and informative feedback on product choices.\\\" You can find a list of resume buzzwords online that can help you phrase your resume.\\nA fun resume design can help set your resume apart. You can look up lists of creative resume designs online for inspiration. If you're applying for a job in a more creative firm, a fun resume can really bolster your chances of landing an interview.\\nTake advantage of the resources at your college while you're still a student. Have a career adviser look over your resume and give you feedback. Go to any resume workshops provided by your college.\\nMake sure to include a cover letter as well—this clarifies the job that you're applying to and makes sense of your career history for the employer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Seek an entry level position.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've graduated, use your resume to find entry level experience. Usually a year of experience is required for a human resources manager position so be on the lookout for jobs in business, manager, and human resources. You'll have to work your way up to become an HR manager.\\nGo to any job fairs offered by your college. Be sure to hand out your resume to any recruiters. Networking is often key to finding a job.\\nTalk to past colleagues. Tell your old supervisors from work and internship experience you're looking for a job. Talk to old professors. Let fellow graduates who've found work know you're on the job hunt.\\nJob boards, such as Indeed.com and Monster, also post job listings on occasion. Consider applying to some work through these places as well. You may be less likely to hear back, however, as many people apply for jobs through these means.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practice solid interview skills.\", \"描述\": \"If you're called in for an interview, practice good interview skills. Being respectful, professional, and impressive during an interview can help land you a job.\\nAlways dress up for interviews. For women, wear a conservative blouse and dress pants or a professional dress or women's suit. For men, a suit and tie is best. Make sure your shoes are also business professional. It might be a good idea to conceal any tattoos or piercings.\\nUse solid non-verbal communication. Make eye contact with the interviewer. Smile and nod to show you are listening. Stand up straight to convey confidence. Offer a firm handshake at the beginning and end of the interview.\\nResearch the company before going in for an interview. You want to show that you're invested and interested in the potential job. Spend some time browsing the company website learning about the company's mission, ethics, and history.\\nAlways ask questions at the end of the interview. Do not simply ask logistic questions, such as the pay or when you can expect to hear back. Instead, ask broad, open-ended questions like, \\\"What is your company's culture like?\\\" and \\\"What do you like about working here?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider a master's degree.\", \"描述\": \"After working in the field for a year or so, consider a master's degree. While a master's is not required for all human resource manager positions, it can certainly help set you apart from the competition. For some positions, the additional training that comes with a master's degree may be required.\\nFor certain specific fields of human resource management, such as labor or industrial relations, a master's may be required. There are a variety of fields in which you can get your master's to advance in the field of human resources management.\\nYou may be able to simply get a master's in human resources management. However, a master's in business administration can also help. Talk to human resource managers you know have master's degrees and ask them for advice and recommendations. This can help you make an informed decision.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Continuing Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find work in a human resources department.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've earned your master's or worked in the field for a while, start looking for human resource positions. Working in human resources can allow you to work you way up to a management position.\\nUse connections from your college, internship, or graduate program or search general job listings for open positions.\\nIf you're currently employed somewhere, you might be able to apply for jobs within your company in the human resources department. Most company's are more likely to hire an employee who already works for them rather than hiring an outsider.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work in the field for a few years.\", \"描述\": \"Certification is generally the next step in the human resource management career field. However, certification exams generally require one year of professional HR experience. More experience can increase your likelihood of being approved to take the exam. It might be a good idea to work in the field of HR for a few years before pursuing certification.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pursue certification.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've had a few years of experience, pursue certification. Certification can set you apart from the competition during the hiring process.\\nYou can apply to take the exam through a variety of certification programs. The best program for you depends on your state and career goals. Fees and the application process vary but most certification programs require a master's degree and at least a year of professional experience.\\nYou can find a certification handbook for the exam you choose online. This handbook will provide an extensive overview of the exam process and procedures. It will also provide a study guide you can use to take the certification exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pass the certification exam.\", \"描述\": \"Once you schedule your exam state, take the exam at the required time and place. Exam length varies by state and certification program. In some programs, you'll get your scores right away. In others, you'll have to wait a few weeks for your scores to come in the mail. Once you pass your exam, you'll usually receive some kind of certificate.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Continue seeking higher paying work.\", \"描述\": \"After certification, you can start pursuing higher paid management positions. With a certification, master's, and a few years of experience you should have an edge over the competition. As with previous job searches, seek work through networking with former employees and peers. You can also seek out employment on job boards.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,456 |
How to Become a JAG Lawyer
|
1. Preparing for Your Career in JAG
1-1. Consider your career goals.
The Judge Advocate General (JAG) corps of the five military branches is as competitive and demanding as any military career. Along with completing the educational and licensing requirements of the legal profession, you must also be able to meet the same standards as any prospective officer.
Applicants must be a citizen of the United States.
JAG candidates must be able to pass a security clearance. The security clearance procedure will investigate your allegiance to the United States, any ties with foreign governments, criminal history, substance abuse issues, finances, and general psychological health. The government investigators use a series of guidelines and you will be given an opportunity to explain the findings. For example, if your credit history is very poor, you can show that the debts were unavoidable and you are in a repayment plan.
If you are interested in becoming a JAG attorney, you must start your studies so that you will be licensed to practice law and ready for entry into active duty before you are the age of 42 years. The age limit is 40 for the Air Force.
You must be able to meet all the physical fitness requirements for your chosen branch of the military.
1-2. Receive your undergraduate degree.
In order to attend law school, you must first complete a bachelor's degree. Neither the American Bar Association (ABA) nor the JAG Corps requires any specific classes or majors. A liberal arts degree including a diverse range of history, sociology, literature, creative writing, and political science will provide a solid foundation for your legal education and military career.
Studying a foreign language is an excellent enhancement to your skills and may assist with your advancement in the military.
There are no restrictions on your choice of undergraduate school to become an attorney for the military. Instead look to the law school you are considering attending for their requirements. Typically, your degree may be from any college in the United States that is recognized by the U.S. Dept. of Education.
College ROTC programs, such as the Air Force Graduate Law Program, may assist you, both with finances and motivation, to complete the education you need to join the JAG Corps.
1-3. Attend Officer Candidate School.
College graduates have the option of applying for Officer Candidate School (OCS), which is offered by each branch of the military. OCS is the training academy for prospective military officers. Because attorneys in the military are commissioned officers, you will have to attend OCS at some point before becoming a military lawyer. While you could attend OCS after you graduate from law school, many candidates attend OCS before law school in order to gain the skills needed to succeed in law school and in the military. OCS offers not only tactical training but also leadership training. After you graduate from OCS, you will have the opportunity to join the military as a commissioned officer or you can choose to take time away and go to law school.
1-4. Take the pre-entrance LSAT exam.
The Law School Aptitude Test, often referred to as the LSAT, is a critical part of your law school admissions package. The five-section LSAT is multiple choice and you have 35 minutes to complete each section.
Reading comprehension tests your ability to read and analyze long passages of text. The questions will come from arts, humanities, and the sciences.
The analytical reasoning section challenges test-takers in inference, deductive reasoning, and drawing relationships between statements.
Logical reasoning will challenge you to identify parts of an argument and draw conclusions based on a presentation of related facts.
There is also a writing sample that is not included in your LSAT score. However, it is provided to the schools you apply to.
The LSAT is offered several times a year in different locations in the US and internationally. There are test dates to accommodate religious holidays and Sabbath observances.
There are free test preparation materials, as well as sample tests for purchase. At a minimum, you should get comfortable with the format of the questions and working under the time limits. Commercial materials are not required, but may be helpful.
2. Completing Your Legal Education
2-1. Research military legal education programs.
If you are seeking a career as a military attorney, there are special programs that may help you with admission, completion, and even funding of your legal education.
The Army offers a highly-competitive summer internship to second-year law students. Participating in this program gives a law student a chance to further focus their goals and get a taste of life in the JAG Corps.
The Air Force offers the Graduate Law Program which combines military training with your legal studies. First year law students are eligible to apply.
Students interested in the Navy JAG program can apply to The Navy JAG Corps' Student Program. Second year law students who are accepted into the program are commissioned in the inactive Navy Reserve and can transition straight from law school to the Naval Officer Development School.
2-2. Attend an ABA approved law school.
A Juris Doctor degree, or equivalent, from one of the 200+ law schools approved by the American Bar Association (ABA) will meet the requirements to sit for the bar exam in any state.
Attending an ABA-approved law school offers many benefits over a non-approved school. Primarily, with an ABA-approved law degree, you will be eligible to take the bar exam in all 50 states. Bar exam passage rates are also higher for graduates of an ABA-approved law school.
Some states, most notably California, will allow a graduate of a law school not approved by the ABA to take the bar exam and be licensed to practice. Licensing in any state is all that is required by the JAG Corps.
2-3. Complete a course in professional responsibility.
The ABA requires that law schools offer instruction in the ethics and responsibilities of the legal profession. A typical course looks at the history and development of legal ethics and how to apply these rules to the practice of law.
2-4. Satisfy all requirements for graduation.
Law schools vary slightly in degree requirements, but to meet the ABA standards, schools will require you to complete a prescribed field of study. Requirements typically include classes in contracts, torts, property, constitution, civil procedure, and legal research. Most schools require that you graduate with a minimum 2.0 grade point average in your legal coursework.
3. Becoming Licensed to Practice Law
3-1. Register to the bar examination.
To qualify for enlistment into the JAG Corps of any branch and practice law in the military, you must pass the bar exam. You may take the exam in any of the 50 states or the District of Columbia.
While it is not required, you should strongly consider taking the bar exam in the same state you attended law school. Registration and exam preparation may be more integrated with the state's licensing authority and fees may be lower.
3-2. Take the bar examination.
The scope and content of the bar exam varies somewhat, but all states use a combination of tests prepared and administered by the National Conference of Bar Examiners. A typical bar exam lasts two to three days.
The Multistate Professional Responsibility test is a two-hour 60-question exam administered three times per year and tests knowledge of ethics rules of the legal profession.
The Multistate Bar Examination tests torts, constitutional, criminal, contracts, civil procedure, evidence, and property law. It is a grueling six-hour, 200 question examination.
The Multistate Performance Test challenges analytic skills with a realistic legal fact pattern.
The Multistate Essay Exam is a series of 30-minute essay questions drawn from all areas of the law.
States may also add state-specific essay tests to the array of multistate tests.
Bar exams are typically administered twice a year with the results released about 10 weeks after the test.
3-3. Register and apply to the state bar.
You will apply to the bar in the same state you took the examination. Different states may vary slightly, but there are some consistent requirements.
You must be at least 18 years of age when you apply to the state bar.
While bar entrance generally accepts permanent "green-carded" residents, the JAG Corps requires that you be a citizen of the United States.
Demonstrate good moral character and fitness. This requirement is satisfied by a thorough background and reference check. You will complete forms disclosing previous addresses, criminal records, treatment for mental illness or substance abuse, and releases of your tax records and credit scores. If you have black marks on your record, you can submit an explanatory statement.
Provide a set of fingerprints. Some states accept prints sets transmitted electronically by law enforcement, other states require paper "ten cards."
Pay the required registration fees. This varies by state, but average $300 to $500.
3-4. Take the new attorney oath.
The easier way to take the oath is to attend the state's swearing in ceremony held a few days after the results to the bar exam are released. Each state also has a list of alternate officials that can administer the oath. An example of an accepted official is a district court judge. The state bar will have the appropriate forms and guidelines.
4. Enlisting in the JAG Corps
4-1. Choose a branch of the military.
With a law degree and admittance to a state bar, you are eligible to seek enlistment and induction into the JAG Corps of all branches of the United States military including the Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force, and Coast Guard.
If you joined a JAG Corps through a special program, you will be transitioned from law school to active duty per the branch's internal procedures.
4-2. Complete the enlistment procedure.
The enlistment procedure is different for each branch. You can either speak to a recruiter in person, request to be contacted by a recruiter through the branch's website, or, if available you can apply online.
4-3. Enter into training and active duty.
If you are accepted and sworn into a military JAG position, you will receive advanced training. The typical commitment is four years of active duty. At the end, you can re-enlist or leave military service. If you have prior military service, either active duty, reserves, or National Guard, you will receive time-in-service credit for pay grades and assignments.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:03",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing for Your Career in JAG\\n1-1. Consider your career goals.\\nThe Judge Advocate General (JAG) corps of the five military branches is as competitive and demanding as any military career. Along with completing the educational and licensing requirements of the legal profession, you must also be able to meet the same standards as any prospective officer.\\nApplicants must be a citizen of the United States.\\nJAG candidates must be able to pass a security clearance. The security clearance procedure will investigate your allegiance to the United States, any ties with foreign governments, criminal history, substance abuse issues, finances, and general psychological health. The government investigators use a series of guidelines and you will be given an opportunity to explain the findings. For example, if your credit history is very poor, you can show that the debts were unavoidable and you are in a repayment plan.\\nIf you are interested in becoming a JAG attorney, you must start your studies so that you will be licensed to practice law and ready for entry into active duty before you are the age of 42 years. The age limit is 40 for the Air Force.\\nYou must be able to meet all the physical fitness requirements for your chosen branch of the military.\\n1-2. Receive your undergraduate degree.\\nIn order to attend law school, you must first complete a bachelor's degree. Neither the American Bar Association (ABA) nor the JAG Corps requires any specific classes or majors. A liberal arts degree including a diverse range of history, sociology, literature, creative writing, and political science will provide a solid foundation for your legal education and military career. \\nStudying a foreign language is an excellent enhancement to your skills and may assist with your advancement in the military.\\nThere are no restrictions on your choice of undergraduate school to become an attorney for the military. Instead look to the law school you are considering attending for their requirements. Typically, your degree may be from any college in the United States that is recognized by the U.S. Dept. of Education.\\nCollege ROTC programs, such as the Air Force Graduate Law Program, may assist you, both with finances and motivation, to complete the education you need to join the JAG Corps.\\n1-3. Attend Officer Candidate School.\\nCollege graduates have the option of applying for Officer Candidate School (OCS), which is offered by each branch of the military. OCS is the training academy for prospective military officers. Because attorneys in the military are commissioned officers, you will have to attend OCS at some point before becoming a military lawyer. While you could attend OCS after you graduate from law school, many candidates attend OCS before law school in order to gain the skills needed to succeed in law school and in the military. OCS offers not only tactical training but also leadership training. After you graduate from OCS, you will have the opportunity to join the military as a commissioned officer or you can choose to take time away and go to law school.\\n1-4. Take the pre-entrance LSAT exam.\\nThe Law School Aptitude Test, often referred to as the LSAT, is a critical part of your law school admissions package. The five-section LSAT is multiple choice and you have 35 minutes to complete each section. \\nReading comprehension tests your ability to read and analyze long passages of text. The questions will come from arts, humanities, and the sciences. \\nThe analytical reasoning section challenges test-takers in inference, deductive reasoning, and drawing relationships between statements. \\nLogical reasoning will challenge you to identify parts of an argument and draw conclusions based on a presentation of related facts. \\nThere is also a writing sample that is not included in your LSAT score. However, it is provided to the schools you apply to. \\nThe LSAT is offered several times a year in different locations in the US and internationally. There are test dates to accommodate religious holidays and Sabbath observances. \\nThere are free test preparation materials, as well as sample tests for purchase. At a minimum, you should get comfortable with the format of the questions and working under the time limits. Commercial materials are not required, but may be helpful.\\n2. Completing Your Legal Education\\n2-1. Research military legal education programs.\\nIf you are seeking a career as a military attorney, there are special programs that may help you with admission, completion, and even funding of your legal education.\\nThe Army offers a highly-competitive summer internship to second-year law students. Participating in this program gives a law student a chance to further focus their goals and get a taste of life in the JAG Corps. \\nThe Air Force offers the Graduate Law Program which combines military training with your legal studies. First year law students are eligible to apply.\\nStudents interested in the Navy JAG program can apply to The Navy JAG Corps' Student Program. Second year law students who are accepted into the program are commissioned in the inactive Navy Reserve and can transition straight from law school to the Naval Officer Development School.\\n2-2. Attend an ABA approved law school.\\nA Juris Doctor degree, or equivalent, from one of the 200+ law schools approved by the American Bar Association (ABA) will meet the requirements to sit for the bar exam in any state.\\nAttending an ABA-approved law school offers many benefits over a non-approved school. Primarily, with an ABA-approved law degree, you will be eligible to take the bar exam in all 50 states. Bar exam passage rates are also higher for graduates of an ABA-approved law school. \\nSome states, most notably California, will allow a graduate of a law school not approved by the ABA to take the bar exam and be licensed to practice. Licensing in any state is all that is required by the JAG Corps.\\n2-3. Complete a course in professional responsibility.\\nThe ABA requires that law schools offer instruction in the ethics and responsibilities of the legal profession. A typical course looks at the history and development of legal ethics and how to apply these rules to the practice of law.\\n2-4. Satisfy all requirements for graduation.\\nLaw schools vary slightly in degree requirements, but to meet the ABA standards, schools will require you to complete a prescribed field of study. Requirements typically include classes in contracts, torts, property, constitution, civil procedure, and legal research. Most schools require that you graduate with a minimum 2.0 grade point average in your legal coursework.\\n3. Becoming Licensed to Practice Law\\n3-1. Register to the bar examination.\\nTo qualify for enlistment into the JAG Corps of any branch and practice law in the military, you must pass the bar exam. You may take the exam in any of the 50 states or the District of Columbia.\\nWhile it is not required, you should strongly consider taking the bar exam in the same state you attended law school. Registration and exam preparation may be more integrated with the state's licensing authority and fees may be lower.\\n3-2. Take the bar examination.\\nThe scope and content of the bar exam varies somewhat, but all states use a combination of tests prepared and administered by the National Conference of Bar Examiners. A typical bar exam lasts two to three days.\\nThe Multistate Professional Responsibility test is a two-hour 60-question exam administered three times per year and tests knowledge of ethics rules of the legal profession. \\nThe Multistate Bar Examination tests torts, constitutional, criminal, contracts, civil procedure, evidence, and property law. It is a grueling six-hour, 200 question examination. \\nThe Multistate Performance Test challenges analytic skills with a realistic legal fact pattern. \\nThe Multistate Essay Exam is a series of 30-minute essay questions drawn from all areas of the law. \\nStates may also add state-specific essay tests to the array of multistate tests.\\nBar exams are typically administered twice a year with the results released about 10 weeks after the test.\\n3-3. Register and apply to the state bar.\\nYou will apply to the bar in the same state you took the examination. Different states may vary slightly, but there are some consistent requirements.\\nYou must be at least 18 years of age when you apply to the state bar.\\nWhile bar entrance generally accepts permanent \\\"green-carded\\\" residents, the JAG Corps requires that you be a citizen of the United States.\\nDemonstrate good moral character and fitness. This requirement is satisfied by a thorough background and reference check. You will complete forms disclosing previous addresses, criminal records, treatment for mental illness or substance abuse, and releases of your tax records and credit scores. If you have black marks on your record, you can submit an explanatory statement.\\nProvide a set of fingerprints. Some states accept prints sets transmitted electronically by law enforcement, other states require paper \\\"ten cards.\\\"\\nPay the required registration fees. This varies by state, but average $300 to $500.\\n3-4. Take the new attorney oath.\\nThe easier way to take the oath is to attend the state's swearing in ceremony held a few days after the results to the bar exam are released. Each state also has a list of alternate officials that can administer the oath. An example of an accepted official is a district court judge. The state bar will have the appropriate forms and guidelines.\\n4. Enlisting in the JAG Corps\\n4-1. Choose a branch of the military.\\nWith a law degree and admittance to a state bar, you are eligible to seek enlistment and induction into the JAG Corps of all branches of the United States military including the Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force, and Coast Guard.\\nIf you joined a JAG Corps through a special program, you will be transitioned from law school to active duty per the branch's internal procedures.\\n4-2. Complete the enlistment procedure.\\nThe enlistment procedure is different for each branch. You can either speak to a recruiter in person, request to be contacted by a recruiter through the branch's website, or, if available you can apply online.\\n4-3. Enter into training and active duty.\\nIf you are accepted and sworn into a military JAG position, you will receive advanced training. The typical commitment is four years of active duty. At the end, you can re-enlist or leave military service. If you have prior military service, either active duty, reserves, or National Guard, you will receive time-in-service credit for pay grades and assignments.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a military attorney combines two careers. As an officer in the Judge Advocate General Corps, you have the duties, respect, and career opportunities of an officer while providing high quality legal services to active duty servicemen and woman around the world. The JAG Corps of the five branches of the military are skilled professional lawyers who handle legal issues under civil and military law, as well as trained leaders and members of the service community.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing for Your Career in JAG\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider your career goals.\", \"描述\": \"The Judge Advocate General (JAG) corps of the five military branches is as competitive and demanding as any military career. Along with completing the educational and licensing requirements of the legal profession, you must also be able to meet the same standards as any prospective officer.\\nApplicants must be a citizen of the United States.\\nJAG candidates must be able to pass a security clearance. The security clearance procedure will investigate your allegiance to the United States, any ties with foreign governments, criminal history, substance abuse issues, finances, and general psychological health. The government investigators use a series of guidelines and you will be given an opportunity to explain the findings. For example, if your credit history is very poor, you can show that the debts were unavoidable and you are in a repayment plan.\\nIf you are interested in becoming a JAG attorney, you must start your studies so that you will be licensed to practice law and ready for entry into active duty before you are the age of 42 years. The age limit is 40 for the Air Force.\\nYou must be able to meet all the physical fitness requirements for your chosen branch of the military.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Receive your undergraduate degree.\", \"描述\": \"In order to attend law school, you must first complete a bachelor's degree. Neither the American Bar Association (ABA) nor the JAG Corps requires any specific classes or majors. A liberal arts degree including a diverse range of history, sociology, literature, creative writing, and political science will provide a solid foundation for your legal education and military career. \\nStudying a foreign language is an excellent enhancement to your skills and may assist with your advancement in the military.\\nThere are no restrictions on your choice of undergraduate school to become an attorney for the military. Instead look to the law school you are considering attending for their requirements. Typically, your degree may be from any college in the United States that is recognized by the U.S. Dept. of Education.\\nCollege ROTC programs, such as the Air Force Graduate Law Program, may assist you, both with finances and motivation, to complete the education you need to join the JAG Corps.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend Officer Candidate School.\", \"描述\": \"College graduates have the option of applying for Officer Candidate School (OCS), which is offered by each branch of the military. OCS is the training academy for prospective military officers. Because attorneys in the military are commissioned officers, you will have to attend OCS at some point before becoming a military lawyer. While you could attend OCS after you graduate from law school, many candidates attend OCS before law school in order to gain the skills needed to succeed in law school and in the military. OCS offers not only tactical training but also leadership training. After you graduate from OCS, you will have the opportunity to join the military as a commissioned officer or you can choose to take time away and go to law school.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the pre-entrance LSAT exam.\", \"描述\": \"The Law School Aptitude Test, often referred to as the LSAT, is a critical part of your law school admissions package. The five-section LSAT is multiple choice and you have 35 minutes to complete each section. \\nReading comprehension tests your ability to read and analyze long passages of text. The questions will come from arts, humanities, and the sciences. \\nThe analytical reasoning section challenges test-takers in inference, deductive reasoning, and drawing relationships between statements. \\nLogical reasoning will challenge you to identify parts of an argument and draw conclusions based on a presentation of related facts. \\nThere is also a writing sample that is not included in your LSAT score. However, it is provided to the schools you apply to. \\nThe LSAT is offered several times a year in different locations in the US and internationally. There are test dates to accommodate religious holidays and Sabbath observances. \\nThere are free test preparation materials, as well as sample tests for purchase. At a minimum, you should get comfortable with the format of the questions and working under the time limits. Commercial materials are not required, but may be helpful.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Completing Your Legal Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research military legal education programs.\", \"描述\": \"If you are seeking a career as a military attorney, there are special programs that may help you with admission, completion, and even funding of your legal education.\\nThe Army offers a highly-competitive summer internship to second-year law students. Participating in this program gives a law student a chance to further focus their goals and get a taste of life in the JAG Corps. \\nThe Air Force offers the Graduate Law Program which combines military training with your legal studies. First year law students are eligible to apply.\\nStudents interested in the Navy JAG program can apply to The Navy JAG Corps' Student Program. Second year law students who are accepted into the program are commissioned in the inactive Navy Reserve and can transition straight from law school to the Naval Officer Development School.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attend an ABA approved law school.\", \"描述\": \"A Juris Doctor degree, or equivalent, from one of the 200+ law schools approved by the American Bar Association (ABA) will meet the requirements to sit for the bar exam in any state.\\nAttending an ABA-approved law school offers many benefits over a non-approved school. Primarily, with an ABA-approved law degree, you will be eligible to take the bar exam in all 50 states. Bar exam passage rates are also higher for graduates of an ABA-approved law school. \\nSome states, most notably California, will allow a graduate of a law school not approved by the ABA to take the bar exam and be licensed to practice. Licensing in any state is all that is required by the JAG Corps.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete a course in professional responsibility.\", \"描述\": \"The ABA requires that law schools offer instruction in the ethics and responsibilities of the legal profession. A typical course looks at the history and development of legal ethics and how to apply these rules to the practice of law.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Satisfy all requirements for graduation.\", \"描述\": \"Law schools vary slightly in degree requirements, but to meet the ABA standards, schools will require you to complete a prescribed field of study. Requirements typically include classes in contracts, torts, property, constitution, civil procedure, and legal research. Most schools require that you graduate with a minimum 2.0 grade point average in your legal coursework.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Becoming Licensed to Practice Law\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Register to the bar examination.\", \"描述\": \"To qualify for enlistment into the JAG Corps of any branch and practice law in the military, you must pass the bar exam. You may take the exam in any of the 50 states or the District of Columbia.\\nWhile it is not required, you should strongly consider taking the bar exam in the same state you attended law school. Registration and exam preparation may be more integrated with the state's licensing authority and fees may be lower.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take the bar examination.\", \"描述\": \"The scope and content of the bar exam varies somewhat, but all states use a combination of tests prepared and administered by the National Conference of Bar Examiners. A typical bar exam lasts two to three days.\\nThe Multistate Professional Responsibility test is a two-hour 60-question exam administered three times per year and tests knowledge of ethics rules of the legal profession. \\nThe Multistate Bar Examination tests torts, constitutional, criminal, contracts, civil procedure, evidence, and property law. It is a grueling six-hour, 200 question examination. \\nThe Multistate Performance Test challenges analytic skills with a realistic legal fact pattern. \\nThe Multistate Essay Exam is a series of 30-minute essay questions drawn from all areas of the law. \\nStates may also add state-specific essay tests to the array of multistate tests.\\nBar exams are typically administered twice a year with the results released about 10 weeks after the test.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Register and apply to the state bar.\", \"描述\": \"You will apply to the bar in the same state you took the examination. Different states may vary slightly, but there are some consistent requirements.\\nYou must be at least 18 years of age when you apply to the state bar.\\nWhile bar entrance generally accepts permanent \\\"green-carded\\\" residents, the JAG Corps requires that you be a citizen of the United States.\\nDemonstrate good moral character and fitness. This requirement is satisfied by a thorough background and reference check. You will complete forms disclosing previous addresses, criminal records, treatment for mental illness or substance abuse, and releases of your tax records and credit scores. If you have black marks on your record, you can submit an explanatory statement.\\nProvide a set of fingerprints. Some states accept prints sets transmitted electronically by law enforcement, other states require paper \\\"ten cards.\\\"\\nPay the required registration fees. This varies by state, but average $300 to $500.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the new attorney oath.\", \"描述\": \"The easier way to take the oath is to attend the state's swearing in ceremony held a few days after the results to the bar exam are released. Each state also has a list of alternate officials that can administer the oath. An example of an accepted official is a district court judge. The state bar will have the appropriate forms and guidelines.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enlisting in the JAG Corps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a branch of the military.\", \"描述\": \"With a law degree and admittance to a state bar, you are eligible to seek enlistment and induction into the JAG Corps of all branches of the United States military including the Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force, and Coast Guard.\\nIf you joined a JAG Corps through a special program, you will be transitioned from law school to active duty per the branch's internal procedures.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete the enlistment procedure.\", \"描述\": \"The enlistment procedure is different for each branch. You can either speak to a recruiter in person, request to be contacted by a recruiter through the branch's website, or, if available you can apply online.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enter into training and active duty.\", \"描述\": \"If you are accepted and sworn into a military JAG position, you will receive advanced training. The typical commitment is four years of active duty. At the end, you can re-enlist or leave military service. If you have prior military service, either active duty, reserves, or National Guard, you will receive time-in-service credit for pay grades and assignments.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,457 |
How to Become a JCPenney Model
|
1. Contacting JCPenney
1-1. Call corporate on the telephone.
Although the department store chain is nationwide, the company's headquarters are located in Plano, Texas. You will need to call or email their corporate headquarters to find out who to get in touch with locally (and what number or email you can reach that local contact at) for more information about modeling opportunities. The online website for careers at JCPenney does not have any listings for models, so unfortunately you cannot use their website to get a job this way.
Corporate's phone number is (972) 431-1000.
Corporate's fax number is (972) 431-1362.
Ask them for the number of the local administrative office and the name and title of the person you need to speak with regarding modeling opportunities. Be sure to be polite (say please and thank them for their time).
1-2. Call your local administrative office.
You need to find out whether or not your local JCPenney is looking for new models, and how they go about hiring models. Ask if they cast for the models themselves, if they will only take models that have agents to vouch for them, and whether or not they go through a particular agency in the area. If your JCPenney hires directly, ask for an email or snail mail address that you can send a portfolio to and find out what specific requirements they have for talent submissions.
There is a high likelihood that your JCPenney will only take models from approved agencies for both their catalogs and printed ads, so be prepared to ask for the names of the agency or agencies that they have a professional relationship with, as well as their phone numbers and physical addresses.
Ask questions to find out the criteria that they are looking for in current models; the look a company is looking for can change over time.
1-3. Contact the agencies JCPenney uses.
If you've been told that your JCPenney only does business with select agencies, you will need to go through one of these organizations in order to work with JCPenney. If you live out in California, there is a list of approved agencies that JCPenney uses online. They include:
Elite Management
Jet Set Management
L.A. Models
Nouveau Model & Talent
Shamon Freitas Agency
Wilhelmina Models, Inc.
Everyone else will need to contact the local administrative offices for JCPenney to find out who they work with.
You need to find out their specific submission guidelines, what address to send submissions to, and what looks they're looking for.
1-4. Submit your portfolio.
If you've been told you can go directly through JCPenney's offices, submit your portfolio to them. It should showcase several of your best photos. Be sure that you follow whatever instructions you were given for submissions exactly and submit any extra information they may ask for like your age and body measurements.
1-5. Watch for opportunities.
Sometimes announcements for fashion show opportunities at local malls pop up, so you'll want to keep an eye out for these. You can follow JCPenney's Facebook and Twitter accounts to watch for these opportunities, as well as checking websites like Paidmodeling.com and Backstage.com to watch for events. You can also stop by your local JCPenney's to inquire with the staff about a calendar for events like fashion shows and other similar opportunities.
Ask a salesperson for an event calendar. If they do not have one or know of one, ask if they can call a supervisor to a register to give you one.
JCPenney also occasionally hosts modeling competitions at local and national levels; keep an eye out for these while watching the various online pages, and submit to them whenever you have the opportunity.
Even if you are not able to actually model in a show, attending one as a viewer will give you the opportunity to approach either the models or someone hosting the event to inquire for more information and get your face and name out there. Introduce yourself and ask them how models get started with JCPenney and to whom can you submit your modeling portfolio for consideration. Again, remember to be polite.
2. Getting an Agent
2-1. Obtain parental approval.
If you are legally a minor (that is, under 18 years old) you will have to get your parents' approval before you can sign on with an agency. There are a lot of benefits to having your parents' approval as well, like emotional support for stress management and the ability to get to your assignments.
Have a discussion with your parents. Explain to them why you want to be a model, and why you need an agent. "I think that I could have a lucrative career as a model for JCPenney. They have a good reputation and there are stores across the nation, so I could live and work with them anywhere in the future. However, in order to work for them, I have to have an agent to get me into the door, and I can't sign any contracts until I'm 18. Please help me get an agent and start my modeling career."
Talk with them about what their support will mean for you on a personal level. "I know that what I want to do is going to be very time consuming and demanding on me. Without your support to take me places and help me manage my homework and professional life, I will have a very difficult time succeeding. This means the world to me."
If you don't get what you want initially, treat the conversation with maturity: don't yell, cry, or otherwise throw a tantrum. You want to show them you're mature enough to handle working, and this is part of that. Instead, ask when you might be able to revisit this conversation with them in the future.
2-2. Avoid scams.
There are many illegitimate agencies out there looking to take advantage of individuals' hopes and dreams. A real agency won't ask for money from you unless you're making them money, and that includes signing fees or costly modeling classes or workshops. You should look for agents that have long-standing reputations and are large and well-known.
The top 10 modeling agencies are Next Model Management, One Management, Women Management, Storm Management, Elite Model Management, Marilyn Agency, DNA Models, IMG Models, Model Management, and Ford Models.
2-3. Pick an agency that JCPenney works with.
Ask the nearest administrative office for JCPenney which agencies they work with. Since you want to work specifically with JCPenney, it will be quicker if you can successfully apply to an agency that works with them.
Do not get discouraged if you are initially rejected from the agency or agencies that JCPenney works with. You can always apply again in the future after you have built up your portfolio more.
Let them know, after you have signed with them, that you want to work with JCPenney as much as possible and that you would appreciate their assistance in achieving that goal.
2-4. Pick an agency not contracted with JCPenney.
If you are turned away by an agency that works with JCPenney, apply to other agencies first in order to get jobs that will help build your reputation and name recognition before trying to switch representation. In addition to the top ten agencies listed before, you can find more modeling agencies and casting calls listed at Backstage.com and Models.com.
Be prepared to take jobs that are not related to JCPenney's work. Building your skills and name recognition is not a bad thing, and doing so will make you a more attractive applicant for your real end goal.
2-5. Follow submission guidelines.
Every agency has different requirements for desired looks and guidelines which you will be expected to follow perfectly. Some of these guidelines may prohibit things like hats, bows, sunglasses, and food or face paint on your face, but these are just examples and not an exhaustive list.
The changing market will have an effect on the demand for models; currently many clients are seeking models with more ambiguous features that reflect the diverse populace as opposed to blonde-haired, blue-eyed models.
2-6. Have a good attitude.
It is important that you be very well-behaved, polite, discreet, and flexible with the agency during any in-person meetings during the application process as well as once you are contracted. No one likes to work with a diva, so a bad attitude or an inability to make it to an appointment on time (or worse, failure to book any appointments due to distance) can cost an agency (and yourself) opportunities. It can also cause them to lose face with a client and make them reluctant to use you, and done enough, potentially drop you.
If you are a minor with parents, or parents seeking representation for a minor, this also includes the parents.
Do not brag too much or exaggerate your abilities: be honest about what you can and can't do.
Modeling is a career that is notorious for last-minute jobs. Be prepared that if you want to pursue this career, even if your eventual dream is to work with JCPenney, you will have to deal with this.
Because of last minute tendencies, agencies often prefer to work with talent that lives close so that if work comes up at the very last minute, their talent can still take the job. Being more than 45 minutes away from the town with most of the work could pose a problem.
Always bring a positive attitude to a set because you never know what connections the client you're working with might have within the industry.
2-7. Submit your portfolio.
Either submit this to the appropriate email as provided on the agency's website online, or submit it to a physical address. Because of how busy agencies are, it's generally recommended that you wait patiently and do not contact them with phone calls or emails to ensure that they've received your submission. Instead, if you haven't heard from them within six months, try again.
If you are submitting documents to a physical address, be sure to send copies of all of your documents to them and not the originals. This is in case you need to resubmit or decide to submit to another agency later on.
It can take a long time to hear back from an agency due to the volume of applications they receive. Be patient; if you don't hear anything back within 6 months, resubmit, but do not try to call or email the agency about the status of your application.
2-8. Sign a contract.
Before you sign anything, make sure that you read the contract carefully. Do not read it alone, but with your parents or legal guardian, and maybe even a lawyer if you all are struggling to understand anything. Be sure to ask questions about anything you don't understand. Once you have signed with the paperwork, the agency will start signing you up for auditions and assignments.
You can ask for a copy of your contract for your own personal records.
Make sure you're clear about your expectations and boundaries before signing anything.
3. Putting Together Your Portfolio
3-1. Find a photographer.
You're going to need someone to take pictures for you. Although many cameras these days are high quality, it's preferably to take DSLR grade photos over selfies with point-and-shoot or phone cameras. Photographers are trained to understand framing, lighting, and can help direct you in posing for optimal shots.
Ask them if they'd be willing to do "time for print," which means that you allow them to use any photos that they take of you for their professional portfolio as well. This can be a mutually beneficial arrangement for all parties involved as it spares you the cost of having to pay for professional shots.
Look in the phone book for small photography studios or go to a local college and ask around the art department for photography students. You can also try doing a search on the internet in a search engine like Google or Bing using keywords like "photography near me."
If you can't get a professional or even a student photographer to do your photos for you, you could ask a friend or a relative who is good with a camera to take shots of you.
3-2. Get some pictures.
You will need both headshots and three-fourths shots (that is, photos from your thighs up) for this. For each shot, you should get pictures that feature two looks: minimal to no makeup on and a styled and made up look.
Explain to your photographer exactly what you're looking for before you start shooting so that you don't waste their time.
Take your pictures up against a plain, white wall. Your skin color will look different depending on the surrounding colors, so it's best to make sure you have a neutral color framing you.
3-3. Take your measurements.
You will need to take your measurements at your waist, bust, and hips. Although an agent may be able to make a general guess if you are within the size range that they are looking at for girth, they won't be able to tell precise measurements (which they'll need to refer you to clients) if you don't tell them. The same is true for your weight, height, dress size and shoe size, all of which they'll need.
Wear your regular underwear or a bathing suit to get the most accurate measurements (since you will have to wear underwear underneath any clothes you're modeling).
To get your bust size, measure with your arms down across the fullest part of your bust. This should be located under your arms and go straight and even across your back and shoulder blades. Be sure not to pull the measuring tape tight.
To find and measure your natural waistline, bend slightly to the side and find the area that creases in your abdomen (it's usually somewhere around the belly button). Loosely measure the circumference here.
For your hip measurement, first stand with your feet together. Then wrap your measuring tape around the fullest part of your hips. Keep the tape straight and snug to avoid drooping, but not so tight that it will slip up or squeeze into your skin.
Ideal measurements for adult models are usually 34"-24"-34", but depending on what kind of modeling you want to do there are a range of acceptable measurements you can fall into.
3-4. Make composition cards.
Also known as "comp cards" and "zed cards," these cards are basically a model's business card. It will include your stats that agencies might want to know, like your name, height, weight, age, and hair color, as well as your headshot on the front and smaller images on the back. They should be 8 ½ inches wide by 5 ½ inches tall and printed on quality cardstock.
You can get these made at a printing company or stores like Staples or OfficeMax where there is a professional printing station inside the store.
Warnings
Breaking into modeling is difficult, especially for a major retailer such as JCPenney. If this is something that you really want to do, learn to take rejection, stay on course and be persistent.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:03",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Contacting JCPenney\\n1-1. Call corporate on the telephone.\\nAlthough the department store chain is nationwide, the company's headquarters are located in Plano, Texas. You will need to call or email their corporate headquarters to find out who to get in touch with locally (and what number or email you can reach that local contact at) for more information about modeling opportunities. The online website for careers at JCPenney does not have any listings for models, so unfortunately you cannot use their website to get a job this way.\\nCorporate's phone number is (972) 431-1000.\\nCorporate's fax number is (972) 431-1362.\\nAsk them for the number of the local administrative office and the name and title of the person you need to speak with regarding modeling opportunities. Be sure to be polite (say please and thank them for their time).\\n1-2. Call your local administrative office.\\nYou need to find out whether or not your local JCPenney is looking for new models, and how they go about hiring models. Ask if they cast for the models themselves, if they will only take models that have agents to vouch for them, and whether or not they go through a particular agency in the area. If your JCPenney hires directly, ask for an email or snail mail address that you can send a portfolio to and find out what specific requirements they have for talent submissions.\\nThere is a high likelihood that your JCPenney will only take models from approved agencies for both their catalogs and printed ads, so be prepared to ask for the names of the agency or agencies that they have a professional relationship with, as well as their phone numbers and physical addresses.\\nAsk questions to find out the criteria that they are looking for in current models; the look a company is looking for can change over time.\\n1-3. Contact the agencies JCPenney uses.\\nIf you've been told that your JCPenney only does business with select agencies, you will need to go through one of these organizations in order to work with JCPenney. If you live out in California, there is a list of approved agencies that JCPenney uses online. They include:\\nElite Management\\nJet Set Management\\nL.A. Models\\nNouveau Model & Talent\\nShamon Freitas Agency\\nWilhelmina Models, Inc.\\nEveryone else will need to contact the local administrative offices for JCPenney to find out who they work with.\\nYou need to find out their specific submission guidelines, what address to send submissions to, and what looks they're looking for.\\n1-4. Submit your portfolio.\\nIf you've been told you can go directly through JCPenney's offices, submit your portfolio to them. It should showcase several of your best photos. Be sure that you follow whatever instructions you were given for submissions exactly and submit any extra information they may ask for like your age and body measurements.\\n1-5. Watch for opportunities.\\nSometimes announcements for fashion show opportunities at local malls pop up, so you'll want to keep an eye out for these. You can follow JCPenney's Facebook and Twitter accounts to watch for these opportunities, as well as checking websites like Paidmodeling.com and Backstage.com to watch for events. You can also stop by your local JCPenney's to inquire with the staff about a calendar for events like fashion shows and other similar opportunities.\\nAsk a salesperson for an event calendar. If they do not have one or know of one, ask if they can call a supervisor to a register to give you one.\\nJCPenney also occasionally hosts modeling competitions at local and national levels; keep an eye out for these while watching the various online pages, and submit to them whenever you have the opportunity.\\nEven if you are not able to actually model in a show, attending one as a viewer will give you the opportunity to approach either the models or someone hosting the event to inquire for more information and get your face and name out there. Introduce yourself and ask them how models get started with JCPenney and to whom can you submit your modeling portfolio for consideration. Again, remember to be polite.\\n2. Getting an Agent\\n2-1. Obtain parental approval.\\nIf you are legally a minor (that is, under 18 years old) you will have to get your parents' approval before you can sign on with an agency. There are a lot of benefits to having your parents' approval as well, like emotional support for stress management and the ability to get to your assignments.\\nHave a discussion with your parents. Explain to them why you want to be a model, and why you need an agent. \\\"I think that I could have a lucrative career as a model for JCPenney. They have a good reputation and there are stores across the nation, so I could live and work with them anywhere in the future. However, in order to work for them, I have to have an agent to get me into the door, and I can't sign any contracts until I'm 18. Please help me get an agent and start my modeling career.\\\"\\nTalk with them about what their support will mean for you on a personal level. \\\"I know that what I want to do is going to be very time consuming and demanding on me. Without your support to take me places and help me manage my homework and professional life, I will have a very difficult time succeeding. This means the world to me.\\\"\\nIf you don't get what you want initially, treat the conversation with maturity: don't yell, cry, or otherwise throw a tantrum. You want to show them you're mature enough to handle working, and this is part of that. Instead, ask when you might be able to revisit this conversation with them in the future.\\n2-2. Avoid scams.\\nThere are many illegitimate agencies out there looking to take advantage of individuals' hopes and dreams. A real agency won't ask for money from you unless you're making them money, and that includes signing fees or costly modeling classes or workshops. You should look for agents that have long-standing reputations and are large and well-known.\\nThe top 10 modeling agencies are Next Model Management, One Management, Women Management, Storm Management, Elite Model Management, Marilyn Agency, DNA Models, IMG Models, Model Management, and Ford Models.\\n2-3. Pick an agency that JCPenney works with.\\nAsk the nearest administrative office for JCPenney which agencies they work with. Since you want to work specifically with JCPenney, it will be quicker if you can successfully apply to an agency that works with them.\\nDo not get discouraged if you are initially rejected from the agency or agencies that JCPenney works with. You can always apply again in the future after you have built up your portfolio more.\\nLet them know, after you have signed with them, that you want to work with JCPenney as much as possible and that you would appreciate their assistance in achieving that goal.\\n2-4. Pick an agency not contracted with JCPenney.\\nIf you are turned away by an agency that works with JCPenney, apply to other agencies first in order to get jobs that will help build your reputation and name recognition before trying to switch representation. In addition to the top ten agencies listed before, you can find more modeling agencies and casting calls listed at Backstage.com and Models.com.\\nBe prepared to take jobs that are not related to JCPenney's work. Building your skills and name recognition is not a bad thing, and doing so will make you a more attractive applicant for your real end goal.\\n2-5. Follow submission guidelines.\\nEvery agency has different requirements for desired looks and guidelines which you will be expected to follow perfectly. Some of these guidelines may prohibit things like hats, bows, sunglasses, and food or face paint on your face, but these are just examples and not an exhaustive list.\\nThe changing market will have an effect on the demand for models; currently many clients are seeking models with more ambiguous features that reflect the diverse populace as opposed to blonde-haired, blue-eyed models.\\n2-6. Have a good attitude.\\nIt is important that you be very well-behaved, polite, discreet, and flexible with the agency during any in-person meetings during the application process as well as once you are contracted. No one likes to work with a diva, so a bad attitude or an inability to make it to an appointment on time (or worse, failure to book any appointments due to distance) can cost an agency (and yourself) opportunities. It can also cause them to lose face with a client and make them reluctant to use you, and done enough, potentially drop you.\\nIf you are a minor with parents, or parents seeking representation for a minor, this also includes the parents.\\nDo not brag too much or exaggerate your abilities: be honest about what you can and can't do.\\nModeling is a career that is notorious for last-minute jobs. Be prepared that if you want to pursue this career, even if your eventual dream is to work with JCPenney, you will have to deal with this.\\nBecause of last minute tendencies, agencies often prefer to work with talent that lives close so that if work comes up at the very last minute, their talent can still take the job. Being more than 45 minutes away from the town with most of the work could pose a problem.\\nAlways bring a positive attitude to a set because you never know what connections the client you're working with might have within the industry.\\n2-7. Submit your portfolio.\\nEither submit this to the appropriate email as provided on the agency's website online, or submit it to a physical address. Because of how busy agencies are, it's generally recommended that you wait patiently and do not contact them with phone calls or emails to ensure that they've received your submission. Instead, if you haven't heard from them within six months, try again.\\nIf you are submitting documents to a physical address, be sure to send copies of all of your documents to them and not the originals. This is in case you need to resubmit or decide to submit to another agency later on.\\nIt can take a long time to hear back from an agency due to the volume of applications they receive. Be patient; if you don't hear anything back within 6 months, resubmit, but do not try to call or email the agency about the status of your application.\\n2-8. Sign a contract.\\nBefore you sign anything, make sure that you read the contract carefully. Do not read it alone, but with your parents or legal guardian, and maybe even a lawyer if you all are struggling to understand anything. Be sure to ask questions about anything you don't understand. Once you have signed with the paperwork, the agency will start signing you up for auditions and assignments.\\nYou can ask for a copy of your contract for your own personal records.\\nMake sure you're clear about your expectations and boundaries before signing anything.\\n3. Putting Together Your Portfolio\\n3-1. Find a photographer.\\nYou're going to need someone to take pictures for you. Although many cameras these days are high quality, it's preferably to take DSLR grade photos over selfies with point-and-shoot or phone cameras. Photographers are trained to understand framing, lighting, and can help direct you in posing for optimal shots.\\nAsk them if they'd be willing to do \\\"time for print,\\\" which means that you allow them to use any photos that they take of you for their professional portfolio as well. This can be a mutually beneficial arrangement for all parties involved as it spares you the cost of having to pay for professional shots.\\nLook in the phone book for small photography studios or go to a local college and ask around the art department for photography students. You can also try doing a search on the internet in a search engine like Google or Bing using keywords like \\\"photography near me.\\\"\\nIf you can't get a professional or even a student photographer to do your photos for you, you could ask a friend or a relative who is good with a camera to take shots of you.\\n3-2. Get some pictures.\\nYou will need both headshots and three-fourths shots (that is, photos from your thighs up) for this. For each shot, you should get pictures that feature two looks: minimal to no makeup on and a styled and made up look.\\nExplain to your photographer exactly what you're looking for before you start shooting so that you don't waste their time.\\nTake your pictures up against a plain, white wall. Your skin color will look different depending on the surrounding colors, so it's best to make sure you have a neutral color framing you.\\n3-3. Take your measurements.\\nYou will need to take your measurements at your waist, bust, and hips. Although an agent may be able to make a general guess if you are within the size range that they are looking at for girth, they won't be able to tell precise measurements (which they'll need to refer you to clients) if you don't tell them. The same is true for your weight, height, dress size and shoe size, all of which they'll need.\\nWear your regular underwear or a bathing suit to get the most accurate measurements (since you will have to wear underwear underneath any clothes you're modeling).\\nTo get your bust size, measure with your arms down across the fullest part of your bust. This should be located under your arms and go straight and even across your back and shoulder blades. Be sure not to pull the measuring tape tight.\\nTo find and measure your natural waistline, bend slightly to the side and find the area that creases in your abdomen (it's usually somewhere around the belly button). Loosely measure the circumference here.\\nFor your hip measurement, first stand with your feet together. Then wrap your measuring tape around the fullest part of your hips. Keep the tape straight and snug to avoid drooping, but not so tight that it will slip up or squeeze into your skin.\\nIdeal measurements for adult models are usually 34\\\"-24\\\"-34\\\", but depending on what kind of modeling you want to do there are a range of acceptable measurements you can fall into.\\n3-4. Make composition cards.\\nAlso known as \\\"comp cards\\\" and \\\"zed cards,\\\" these cards are basically a model's business card. It will include your stats that agencies might want to know, like your name, height, weight, age, and hair color, as well as your headshot on the front and smaller images on the back. They should be 8 ½ inches wide by 5 ½ inches tall and printed on quality cardstock.\\nYou can get these made at a printing company or stores like Staples or OfficeMax where there is a professional printing station inside the store.\\nWarnings\\nBreaking into modeling is difficult, especially for a major retailer such as JCPenney. If this is something that you really want to do, learn to take rejection, stay on course and be persistent.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Although JCPenney may not be the first employer of models that comes to mind, the nationwide retailer releases weekly store ads as well as seasonal catalogs, making them a steady source for jobs around the country. However, the company does not list openings for modeling opportunities on its online career pages, which may leave potential applicants wondering how to get their foot in the door. By contacting JCPenney, getting an agent, and putting together a portfolio, you too can pursue a career as a JCPenney model.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Contacting JCPenney\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Call corporate on the telephone.\", \"描述\": \"Although the department store chain is nationwide, the company's headquarters are located in Plano, Texas. You will need to call or email their corporate headquarters to find out who to get in touch with locally (and what number or email you can reach that local contact at) for more information about modeling opportunities. The online website for careers at JCPenney does not have any listings for models, so unfortunately you cannot use their website to get a job this way.\\nCorporate's phone number is (972) 431-1000.\\nCorporate's fax number is (972) 431-1362.\\nAsk them for the number of the local administrative office and the name and title of the person you need to speak with regarding modeling opportunities. Be sure to be polite (say please and thank them for their time).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Call your local administrative office.\", \"描述\": \"You need to find out whether or not your local JCPenney is looking for new models, and how they go about hiring models. Ask if they cast for the models themselves, if they will only take models that have agents to vouch for them, and whether or not they go through a particular agency in the area. If your JCPenney hires directly, ask for an email or snail mail address that you can send a portfolio to and find out what specific requirements they have for talent submissions.\\nThere is a high likelihood that your JCPenney will only take models from approved agencies for both their catalogs and printed ads, so be prepared to ask for the names of the agency or agencies that they have a professional relationship with, as well as their phone numbers and physical addresses.\\nAsk questions to find out the criteria that they are looking for in current models; the look a company is looking for can change over time.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Contact the agencies JCPenney uses.\", \"描述\": \"If you've been told that your JCPenney only does business with select agencies, you will need to go through one of these organizations in order to work with JCPenney. If you live out in California, there is a list of approved agencies that JCPenney uses online. They include:\\nElite Management\\nJet Set Management\\nL.A. Models\\nNouveau Model & Talent\\nShamon Freitas Agency\\nWilhelmina Models, Inc.\\nEveryone else will need to contact the local administrative offices for JCPenney to find out who they work with.\\nYou need to find out their specific submission guidelines, what address to send submissions to, and what looks they're looking for.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Submit your portfolio.\", \"描述\": \"If you've been told you can go directly through JCPenney's offices, submit your portfolio to them. It should showcase several of your best photos. Be sure that you follow whatever instructions you were given for submissions exactly and submit any extra information they may ask for like your age and body measurements.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Watch for opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes announcements for fashion show opportunities at local malls pop up, so you'll want to keep an eye out for these. You can follow JCPenney's Facebook and Twitter accounts to watch for these opportunities, as well as checking websites like Paidmodeling.com and Backstage.com to watch for events. You can also stop by your local JCPenney's to inquire with the staff about a calendar for events like fashion shows and other similar opportunities.\\nAsk a salesperson for an event calendar. If they do not have one or know of one, ask if they can call a supervisor to a register to give you one.\\nJCPenney also occasionally hosts modeling competitions at local and national levels; keep an eye out for these while watching the various online pages, and submit to them whenever you have the opportunity.\\nEven if you are not able to actually model in a show, attending one as a viewer will give you the opportunity to approach either the models or someone hosting the event to inquire for more information and get your face and name out there. Introduce yourself and ask them how models get started with JCPenney and to whom can you submit your modeling portfolio for consideration. Again, remember to be polite.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting an Agent\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain parental approval.\", \"描述\": \"If you are legally a minor (that is, under 18 years old) you will have to get your parents' approval before you can sign on with an agency. There are a lot of benefits to having your parents' approval as well, like emotional support for stress management and the ability to get to your assignments.\\nHave a discussion with your parents. Explain to them why you want to be a model, and why you need an agent. \\\"I think that I could have a lucrative career as a model for JCPenney. They have a good reputation and there are stores across the nation, so I could live and work with them anywhere in the future. However, in order to work for them, I have to have an agent to get me into the door, and I can't sign any contracts until I'm 18. Please help me get an agent and start my modeling career.\\\"\\nTalk with them about what their support will mean for you on a personal level. \\\"I know that what I want to do is going to be very time consuming and demanding on me. Without your support to take me places and help me manage my homework and professional life, I will have a very difficult time succeeding. This means the world to me.\\\"\\nIf you don't get what you want initially, treat the conversation with maturity: don't yell, cry, or otherwise throw a tantrum. You want to show them you're mature enough to handle working, and this is part of that. Instead, ask when you might be able to revisit this conversation with them in the future.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid scams.\", \"描述\": \"There are many illegitimate agencies out there looking to take advantage of individuals' hopes and dreams. A real agency won't ask for money from you unless you're making them money, and that includes signing fees or costly modeling classes or workshops. You should look for agents that have long-standing reputations and are large and well-known.\\nThe top 10 modeling agencies are Next Model Management, One Management, Women Management, Storm Management, Elite Model Management, Marilyn Agency, DNA Models, IMG Models, Model Management, and Ford Models.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pick an agency that JCPenney works with.\", \"描述\": \"Ask the nearest administrative office for JCPenney which agencies they work with. Since you want to work specifically with JCPenney, it will be quicker if you can successfully apply to an agency that works with them.\\nDo not get discouraged if you are initially rejected from the agency or agencies that JCPenney works with. You can always apply again in the future after you have built up your portfolio more.\\nLet them know, after you have signed with them, that you want to work with JCPenney as much as possible and that you would appreciate their assistance in achieving that goal.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pick an agency not contracted with JCPenney.\", \"描述\": \"If you are turned away by an agency that works with JCPenney, apply to other agencies first in order to get jobs that will help build your reputation and name recognition before trying to switch representation. In addition to the top ten agencies listed before, you can find more modeling agencies and casting calls listed at Backstage.com and Models.com.\\nBe prepared to take jobs that are not related to JCPenney's work. Building your skills and name recognition is not a bad thing, and doing so will make you a more attractive applicant for your real end goal.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Follow submission guidelines.\", \"描述\": \"Every agency has different requirements for desired looks and guidelines which you will be expected to follow perfectly. Some of these guidelines may prohibit things like hats, bows, sunglasses, and food or face paint on your face, but these are just examples and not an exhaustive list.\\nThe changing market will have an effect on the demand for models; currently many clients are seeking models with more ambiguous features that reflect the diverse populace as opposed to blonde-haired, blue-eyed models.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Have a good attitude.\", \"描述\": \"It is important that you be very well-behaved, polite, discreet, and flexible with the agency during any in-person meetings during the application process as well as once you are contracted. No one likes to work with a diva, so a bad attitude or an inability to make it to an appointment on time (or worse, failure to book any appointments due to distance) can cost an agency (and yourself) opportunities. It can also cause them to lose face with a client and make them reluctant to use you, and done enough, potentially drop you.\\nIf you are a minor with parents, or parents seeking representation for a minor, this also includes the parents.\\nDo not brag too much or exaggerate your abilities: be honest about what you can and can't do.\\nModeling is a career that is notorious for last-minute jobs. Be prepared that if you want to pursue this career, even if your eventual dream is to work with JCPenney, you will have to deal with this.\\nBecause of last minute tendencies, agencies often prefer to work with talent that lives close so that if work comes up at the very last minute, their talent can still take the job. Being more than 45 minutes away from the town with most of the work could pose a problem.\\nAlways bring a positive attitude to a set because you never know what connections the client you're working with might have within the industry.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Submit your portfolio.\", \"描述\": \"Either submit this to the appropriate email as provided on the agency's website online, or submit it to a physical address. Because of how busy agencies are, it's generally recommended that you wait patiently and do not contact them with phone calls or emails to ensure that they've received your submission. Instead, if you haven't heard from them within six months, try again.\\nIf you are submitting documents to a physical address, be sure to send copies of all of your documents to them and not the originals. This is in case you need to resubmit or decide to submit to another agency later on.\\nIt can take a long time to hear back from an agency due to the volume of applications they receive. Be patient; if you don't hear anything back within 6 months, resubmit, but do not try to call or email the agency about the status of your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Sign a contract.\", \"描述\": \"Before you sign anything, make sure that you read the contract carefully. Do not read it alone, but with your parents or legal guardian, and maybe even a lawyer if you all are struggling to understand anything. Be sure to ask questions about anything you don't understand. Once you have signed with the paperwork, the agency will start signing you up for auditions and assignments.\\nYou can ask for a copy of your contract for your own personal records.\\nMake sure you're clear about your expectations and boundaries before signing anything.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Putting Together Your Portfolio\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a photographer.\", \"描述\": \"You're going to need someone to take pictures for you. Although many cameras these days are high quality, it's preferably to take DSLR grade photos over selfies with point-and-shoot or phone cameras. Photographers are trained to understand framing, lighting, and can help direct you in posing for optimal shots.\\nAsk them if they'd be willing to do \\\"time for print,\\\" which means that you allow them to use any photos that they take of you for their professional portfolio as well. This can be a mutually beneficial arrangement for all parties involved as it spares you the cost of having to pay for professional shots.\\nLook in the phone book for small photography studios or go to a local college and ask around the art department for photography students. You can also try doing a search on the internet in a search engine like Google or Bing using keywords like \\\"photography near me.\\\"\\nIf you can't get a professional or even a student photographer to do your photos for you, you could ask a friend or a relative who is good with a camera to take shots of you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get some pictures.\", \"描述\": \"You will need both headshots and three-fourths shots (that is, photos from your thighs up) for this. For each shot, you should get pictures that feature two looks: minimal to no makeup on and a styled and made up look.\\nExplain to your photographer exactly what you're looking for before you start shooting so that you don't waste their time.\\nTake your pictures up against a plain, white wall. Your skin color will look different depending on the surrounding colors, so it's best to make sure you have a neutral color framing you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take your measurements.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to take your measurements at your waist, bust, and hips. Although an agent may be able to make a general guess if you are within the size range that they are looking at for girth, they won't be able to tell precise measurements (which they'll need to refer you to clients) if you don't tell them. The same is true for your weight, height, dress size and shoe size, all of which they'll need.\\nWear your regular underwear or a bathing suit to get the most accurate measurements (since you will have to wear underwear underneath any clothes you're modeling).\\nTo get your bust size, measure with your arms down across the fullest part of your bust. This should be located under your arms and go straight and even across your back and shoulder blades. Be sure not to pull the measuring tape tight.\\nTo find and measure your natural waistline, bend slightly to the side and find the area that creases in your abdomen (it's usually somewhere around the belly button). Loosely measure the circumference here.\\nFor your hip measurement, first stand with your feet together. Then wrap your measuring tape around the fullest part of your hips. Keep the tape straight and snug to avoid drooping, but not so tight that it will slip up or squeeze into your skin.\\nIdeal measurements for adult models are usually 34\\\"-24\\\"-34\\\", but depending on what kind of modeling you want to do there are a range of acceptable measurements you can fall into.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make composition cards.\", \"描述\": \"Also known as \\\"comp cards\\\" and \\\"zed cards,\\\" these cards are basically a model's business card. It will include your stats that agencies might want to know, like your name, height, weight, age, and hair color, as well as your headshot on the front and smaller images on the back. They should be 8 ½ inches wide by 5 ½ inches tall and printed on quality cardstock.\\nYou can get these made at a printing company or stores like Staples or OfficeMax where there is a professional printing station inside the store.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Breaking into modeling is difficult, especially for a major retailer such as JCPenney. If this is something that you really want to do, learn to take rejection, stay on course and be persistent.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,458 |
How to Become a Japanese Citizen
|
1. Acquiring Japanese Citizenship for Foreign Nationals
1-1. Maintain a domicile in Japan for at least five consecutive years.
Before you can apply for citizenship in Japan, you must maintain a domicile in the country for at least five consecutive years. You may be able to gain citizenship in Japan without meeting this requirement, if you can satisfy any one of the following conditions:
You have maintained a domicile in Japan for three years or more and are the child of a Japanese national.
You were born in Japan and have resided or maintained a domicile in Japan for three consecutive years, and your father or mother was born in Japan.
You had a residence in Japan for ten consecutive years or more.
You will need to demonstrate not only the range of dates when you maintained a domicile or residence, but you also must provide all the dates when you left Japan and when you returned during the relevant period. You can do this with copies of passports, visas or other similar official documents.
1-2. Be at least 20 years old.
You must meet this age minimum, and you must be able to show that you are of legal age to act according to the laws of your home country. In some countries this may be 18 years old, 21 years old, or some other minimum age. If you are not certain, you should check with an attorney in your home country.
1-3. Demonstrate that you are “of upright conduct.”
You must submit to an official criminal records check. The result of that check must show that you have no criminal record. Each case is examined individually, however, so some history of criminal activity may not prevent you from gaining Japanese citizenship.
1-4. Demonstrate that you are able to support yourself in Japan.
The legal standard is that you must be able to "secure a livelihood" either through work or through property that you may own. If you are married, and your spouse provides the income for the family, this requirement is satisfied.
If you are employed and report that place of employment as part of your application, immigration officials may visit your place of employment to confirm whatever information you report.
1-5. Declare that you relinquish any other citizenship.
Officially, you must give up your citizenship in some other country when applying. Japan does not allow individuals to retain dual citizenship in order to avoid any potential conflict of interest that could arise. After you have been naturalized, you will be asked to show proof of your former citizenship renunciation, OR you will be asked to fill out the citizenship selection form (国籍選択）at your municipal office. Note that should you choose Japan, this is an internal Japanese government procedure and that this has no bearing on your other citizenship, so technically you can retain both citizenship. As of this writing, Japan turns a blind eye to dual citizenship. However:
It is possible to obtain Japanese citizenship without giving up another country's citizenship, if you can demonstrate exceptional circumstances that would justify doing so.
Individuals younger than 20 years old may maintain dual citizenship. Before reaching age 20, such individual shall make a choice to retain Japanese citizenship and relinquish the other, or relinquish Japanese citizenship. (国籍選択 as stated earlier. )
1-6. Participate in a prequalification interview.
When you believe that you have established all or most of the requirements for Japanese citizenship, you should contact the Ministry of Justice of local district legal affairs bureau where you reside in Japan. The office of the Ministry will set up an interview. The initial interview, which may be conducted by telephone or in person, is to conduct a preliminary screening. The official will seek to establish that you have satisfied all or most of the citizenship requirements.
If you satisfy the official that you are ready to proceed with your application, a second interview will be scheduled.
1-7. Participate in a second interview.
At the subsequent interview, you will learn the specific items that you will be expected to produce to prove your eligibility for citizenship. There is no established list of requirements. The officials will consider each applicant and each case separately and provide expectations. You can generally expect to need to produce the following types of documents:
birth certificate
marriage certificate
passport
proof of international travel
evidence of employment
evidence of assets
proof of residency or domicile
proof of education (transcripts, diplomas)
proof of physical and mental condition
evidence of criminal history
1-8. Watch a naturalization video.
During the second interview meeting, you will be shown a video regarding the procedures and expectations for naturalization in Japan. This video will last approximately an hour.
1-9. Compile your evidence and study the guide book.
When you leave the second interview, you will have a list of the specific documentation that you must provide and a guild book that describes the naturalization requirements. You need to study these materials and begin compiling the documentation. This may take a matter of months to complete. When you are ready, contact you case official and set up an application meeting.
At the end of your prior meeting, you will have been provided with the name of a contact person and a case number for your application.
1-10. Participate in one or more application meetings.
When you believe you have satisfied all the requirements, contact your case officer and set up an application meeting. (Everything prior to this point has been pre-application work.) You will meet with one or more immigration officials, who will check every single detail about your application. If items are missing or incomplete, you will be sent to complete them. It is also possible that they may add new materials as deemed necessary.
1-11. Wait while your materials are checked.
After your application is submitted, you will be sent home to wait. During this time, officials will be checking and verifying all the details of your application. This verification may consist of a visit to your home. Officials may also interview references you provide as personal contacts or employers.
At any time during this process, you may be contacted to provide additional information on any topic.
This portion of the application process may take several months.
1-12. Attend a final meeting.
When everything appears to be satisfactory, you will be contacted for a final meeting. At the final meeting, you will sign required oaths, and your application will formally be accepted by the local Legal Affairs Bureau. The Legal Affairs Bureau will forward your completed application, along with your signed statements, to the Ministry of Justice. When the Ministry receives and approves those materials, your Japanese citizenship becomes final.
2. Becoming a Japanese Citizen by Acknowledgment
2-1. Meet the minimum requirements for citizenship.
You can acquire Japanese nationality, if you have one Japanese parent but your parents are unmarried, as long as you meet the following criteria:
You must be under 20 years of age.
You must not have previously been a Japanese national.
You must be legally acknowledged by one parent.
The acknowledging parent must have been a Japanese national at the time of your birth.
The acknowledging parent must be a Japanese national at the time of the acknowledgment.
2-2. Report in person to the appropriate office.
If you wish to claim Japanese citizenship, you must appear in person at the appropriate office of the Ministry of Justice. If you reside in Japan, then you should report to the district legal affairs bureau for the district where you are living. If you reside outside of Japan, then you can visit any Japanese embassy of consulate.
You must report in person to claim citizenship. The only exception is for individuals who are under 15 years old. If you are under 15, then a legal guardian or other representative may appear on your behalf.
2-3. Provide notification that you claim citizenship.
You must make notification in writing at the appropriate office of the Ministry of Justice. The Ministry will provide the form you need. Complete and submit the form.
Tips
Research the ancestry and past citizenship of your parents. If one of your parents was a Japanese citizen at the time that you were born, then you automatically obtain Japanese citizenship yourself.[20]
X
Research source
Similarly, if your biological father was Japanese and died prior to your birth, you immediately acquire Japanese citizenship.[21]
X
Research source
Anyone born in Japan automatically has the right to Japanese citizenship. This still occurs during scenarios in which a child was born to unknown parents, such as in cases of abandonment or the baby being turned over to a medical facility or police officer.[22]
X
Research source
Enjoy your time. If you don't already, learn Japanese during your five years, and get to know people around the area you live.
Don't get discouraged on the time requirements! If you really want to be a citizen of Japan, it will be worth it.
Warnings
Be sure this is what you really want. Although the minimum residency time is five years, it can take about a year for the government to review your application.
You must be completely truthful in any representations to gain Japanese citizenship. Any intentionally false statements may lead to imprisonment, fine, or both.
If you are over the age of 20, you will be made to declare sole citizenship to the country of your choice. Be sure that you want this, but as stated earlier, your selecting Japanese citizenship on the citizenship selection form （国籍選択）is purely an internal Japanese government procedure.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:03",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Acquiring Japanese Citizenship for Foreign Nationals\\n1-1. Maintain a domicile in Japan for at least five consecutive years.\\nBefore you can apply for citizenship in Japan, you must maintain a domicile in the country for at least five consecutive years. You may be able to gain citizenship in Japan without meeting this requirement, if you can satisfy any one of the following conditions:\\nYou have maintained a domicile in Japan for three years or more and are the child of a Japanese national.\\nYou were born in Japan and have resided or maintained a domicile in Japan for three consecutive years, and your father or mother was born in Japan.\\nYou had a residence in Japan for ten consecutive years or more.\\nYou will need to demonstrate not only the range of dates when you maintained a domicile or residence, but you also must provide all the dates when you left Japan and when you returned during the relevant period. You can do this with copies of passports, visas or other similar official documents.\\n1-2. Be at least 20 years old.\\nYou must meet this age minimum, and you must be able to show that you are of legal age to act according to the laws of your home country. In some countries this may be 18 years old, 21 years old, or some other minimum age. If you are not certain, you should check with an attorney in your home country.\\n1-3. Demonstrate that you are “of upright conduct.”\\nYou must submit to an official criminal records check. The result of that check must show that you have no criminal record. Each case is examined individually, however, so some history of criminal activity may not prevent you from gaining Japanese citizenship.\\n1-4. Demonstrate that you are able to support yourself in Japan.\\nThe legal standard is that you must be able to \\\"secure a livelihood\\\" either through work or through property that you may own. If you are married, and your spouse provides the income for the family, this requirement is satisfied.\\nIf you are employed and report that place of employment as part of your application, immigration officials may visit your place of employment to confirm whatever information you report.\\n1-5. Declare that you relinquish any other citizenship.\\nOfficially, you must give up your citizenship in some other country when applying. Japan does not allow individuals to retain dual citizenship in order to avoid any potential conflict of interest that could arise. After you have been naturalized, you will be asked to show proof of your former citizenship renunciation, OR you will be asked to fill out the citizenship selection form (国籍選択）at your municipal office. Note that should you choose Japan, this is an internal Japanese government procedure and that this has no bearing on your other citizenship, so technically you can retain both citizenship. As of this writing, Japan turns a blind eye to dual citizenship. However:\\nIt is possible to obtain Japanese citizenship without giving up another country's citizenship, if you can demonstrate exceptional circumstances that would justify doing so.\\nIndividuals younger than 20 years old may maintain dual citizenship. Before reaching age 20, such individual shall make a choice to retain Japanese citizenship and relinquish the other, or relinquish Japanese citizenship. (国籍選択 as stated earlier. )\\n1-6. Participate in a prequalification interview.\\nWhen you believe that you have established all or most of the requirements for Japanese citizenship, you should contact the Ministry of Justice of local district legal affairs bureau where you reside in Japan. The office of the Ministry will set up an interview. The initial interview, which may be conducted by telephone or in person, is to conduct a preliminary screening. The official will seek to establish that you have satisfied all or most of the citizenship requirements.\\nIf you satisfy the official that you are ready to proceed with your application, a second interview will be scheduled.\\n1-7. Participate in a second interview.\\nAt the subsequent interview, you will learn the specific items that you will be expected to produce to prove your eligibility for citizenship. There is no established list of requirements. The officials will consider each applicant and each case separately and provide expectations. You can generally expect to need to produce the following types of documents:\\nbirth certificate\\nmarriage certificate\\npassport\\nproof of international travel\\nevidence of employment\\nevidence of assets\\nproof of residency or domicile\\nproof of education (transcripts, diplomas)\\nproof of physical and mental condition\\nevidence of criminal history\\n1-8. Watch a naturalization video.\\nDuring the second interview meeting, you will be shown a video regarding the procedures and expectations for naturalization in Japan. This video will last approximately an hour.\\n1-9. Compile your evidence and study the guide book.\\nWhen you leave the second interview, you will have a list of the specific documentation that you must provide and a guild book that describes the naturalization requirements. You need to study these materials and begin compiling the documentation. This may take a matter of months to complete. When you are ready, contact you case official and set up an application meeting.\\nAt the end of your prior meeting, you will have been provided with the name of a contact person and a case number for your application.\\n1-10. Participate in one or more application meetings.\\nWhen you believe you have satisfied all the requirements, contact your case officer and set up an application meeting. (Everything prior to this point has been pre-application work.) You will meet with one or more immigration officials, who will check every single detail about your application. If items are missing or incomplete, you will be sent to complete them. It is also possible that they may add new materials as deemed necessary.\\n1-11. Wait while your materials are checked.\\nAfter your application is submitted, you will be sent home to wait. During this time, officials will be checking and verifying all the details of your application. This verification may consist of a visit to your home. Officials may also interview references you provide as personal contacts or employers.\\nAt any time during this process, you may be contacted to provide additional information on any topic.\\nThis portion of the application process may take several months.\\n1-12. Attend a final meeting.\\nWhen everything appears to be satisfactory, you will be contacted for a final meeting. At the final meeting, you will sign required oaths, and your application will formally be accepted by the local Legal Affairs Bureau. The Legal Affairs Bureau will forward your completed application, along with your signed statements, to the Ministry of Justice. When the Ministry receives and approves those materials, your Japanese citizenship becomes final.\\n2. Becoming a Japanese Citizen by Acknowledgment\\n2-1. Meet the minimum requirements for citizenship.\\nYou can acquire Japanese nationality, if you have one Japanese parent but your parents are unmarried, as long as you meet the following criteria:\\nYou must be under 20 years of age.\\nYou must not have previously been a Japanese national.\\nYou must be legally acknowledged by one parent.\\nThe acknowledging parent must have been a Japanese national at the time of your birth.\\nThe acknowledging parent must be a Japanese national at the time of the acknowledgment.\\n2-2. Report in person to the appropriate office.\\nIf you wish to claim Japanese citizenship, you must appear in person at the appropriate office of the Ministry of Justice. If you reside in Japan, then you should report to the district legal affairs bureau for the district where you are living. If you reside outside of Japan, then you can visit any Japanese embassy of consulate.\\nYou must report in person to claim citizenship. The only exception is for individuals who are under 15 years old. If you are under 15, then a legal guardian or other representative may appear on your behalf.\\n2-3. Provide notification that you claim citizenship.\\nYou must make notification in writing at the appropriate office of the Ministry of Justice. The Ministry will provide the form you need. Complete and submit the form.\\nTips\\nResearch the ancestry and past citizenship of your parents. If one of your parents was a Japanese citizen at the time that you were born, then you automatically obtain Japanese citizenship yourself.[20]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n Similarly, if your biological father was Japanese and died prior to your birth, you immediately acquire Japanese citizenship.[21]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\nAnyone born in Japan automatically has the right to Japanese citizenship. This still occurs during scenarios in which a child was born to unknown parents, such as in cases of abandonment or the baby being turned over to a medical facility or police officer.[22]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nEnjoy your time. If you don't already, learn Japanese during your five years, and get to know people around the area you live.\\nDon't get discouraged on the time requirements! If you really want to be a citizen of Japan, it will be worth it.\\nWarnings\\nBe sure this is what you really want. Although the minimum residency time is five years, it can take about a year for the government to review your application.\\nYou must be completely truthful in any representations to gain Japanese citizenship. Any intentionally false statements may lead to imprisonment, fine, or both.\\nIf you are over the age of 20, you will be made to declare sole citizenship to the country of your choice. Be sure that you want this, but as stated earlier, your selecting Japanese citizenship on the citizenship selection form （国籍選択）is purely an internal Japanese government procedure.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Japan is an ancient country with an exciting history. It is also a world leader in many avenues. Immigrants who wish to establish citizenship in Japan should know that the procedure can be time consuming -- up to a year or more. You will need to establish residence in Japan for five years before even beginning the formal application process. However, the percentage of applicants who are approved for citizenship is very high. About 90% of those who apply are granted Japanese citizenship. There are also alternate methods to become a Japanese citizen for individuals who can show that they were born in Japan or that one or both of your parents was Japanese.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Acquiring Japanese Citizenship for Foreign Nationals\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Maintain a domicile in Japan for at least five consecutive years.\", \"描述\": \"Before you can apply for citizenship in Japan, you must maintain a domicile in the country for at least five consecutive years. You may be able to gain citizenship in Japan without meeting this requirement, if you can satisfy any one of the following conditions:\\nYou have maintained a domicile in Japan for three years or more and are the child of a Japanese national.\\nYou were born in Japan and have resided or maintained a domicile in Japan for three consecutive years, and your father or mother was born in Japan.\\nYou had a residence in Japan for ten consecutive years or more.\\nYou will need to demonstrate not only the range of dates when you maintained a domicile or residence, but you also must provide all the dates when you left Japan and when you returned during the relevant period. You can do this with copies of passports, visas or other similar official documents.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be at least 20 years old.\", \"描述\": \"You must meet this age minimum, and you must be able to show that you are of legal age to act according to the laws of your home country. In some countries this may be 18 years old, 21 years old, or some other minimum age. If you are not certain, you should check with an attorney in your home country.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Demonstrate that you are “of upright conduct.”\", \"描述\": \"You must submit to an official criminal records check. The result of that check must show that you have no criminal record. Each case is examined individually, however, so some history of criminal activity may not prevent you from gaining Japanese citizenship.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Demonstrate that you are able to support yourself in Japan.\", \"描述\": \"The legal standard is that you must be able to \\\"secure a livelihood\\\" either through work or through property that you may own. If you are married, and your spouse provides the income for the family, this requirement is satisfied.\\nIf you are employed and report that place of employment as part of your application, immigration officials may visit your place of employment to confirm whatever information you report.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Declare that you relinquish any other citizenship.\", \"描述\": \"Officially, you must give up your citizenship in some other country when applying. Japan does not allow individuals to retain dual citizenship in order to avoid any potential conflict of interest that could arise. After you have been naturalized, you will be asked to show proof of your former citizenship renunciation, OR you will be asked to fill out the citizenship selection form (国籍選択）at your municipal office. Note that should you choose Japan, this is an internal Japanese government procedure and that this has no bearing on your other citizenship, so technically you can retain both citizenship. As of this writing, Japan turns a blind eye to dual citizenship. However:\\nIt is possible to obtain Japanese citizenship without giving up another country's citizenship, if you can demonstrate exceptional circumstances that would justify doing so.\\nIndividuals younger than 20 years old may maintain dual citizenship. Before reaching age 20, such individual shall make a choice to retain Japanese citizenship and relinquish the other, or relinquish Japanese citizenship. (国籍選択 as stated earlier. )\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Participate in a prequalification interview.\", \"描述\": \"When you believe that you have established all or most of the requirements for Japanese citizenship, you should contact the Ministry of Justice of local district legal affairs bureau where you reside in Japan. The office of the Ministry will set up an interview. The initial interview, which may be conducted by telephone or in person, is to conduct a preliminary screening. The official will seek to establish that you have satisfied all or most of the citizenship requirements.\\nIf you satisfy the official that you are ready to proceed with your application, a second interview will be scheduled.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Participate in a second interview.\", \"描述\": \"At the subsequent interview, you will learn the specific items that you will be expected to produce to prove your eligibility for citizenship. There is no established list of requirements. The officials will consider each applicant and each case separately and provide expectations. You can generally expect to need to produce the following types of documents:\\nbirth certificate\\nmarriage certificate\\npassport\\nproof of international travel\\nevidence of employment\\nevidence of assets\\nproof of residency or domicile\\nproof of education (transcripts, diplomas)\\nproof of physical and mental condition\\nevidence of criminal history\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Watch a naturalization video.\", \"描述\": \"During the second interview meeting, you will be shown a video regarding the procedures and expectations for naturalization in Japan. This video will last approximately an hour.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Compile your evidence and study the guide book.\", \"描述\": \"When you leave the second interview, you will have a list of the specific documentation that you must provide and a guild book that describes the naturalization requirements. You need to study these materials and begin compiling the documentation. This may take a matter of months to complete. When you are ready, contact you case official and set up an application meeting.\\nAt the end of your prior meeting, you will have been provided with the name of a contact person and a case number for your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Participate in one or more application meetings.\", \"描述\": \"When you believe you have satisfied all the requirements, contact your case officer and set up an application meeting. (Everything prior to this point has been pre-application work.) You will meet with one or more immigration officials, who will check every single detail about your application. If items are missing or incomplete, you will be sent to complete them. It is also possible that they may add new materials as deemed necessary.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Wait while your materials are checked.\", \"描述\": \"After your application is submitted, you will be sent home to wait. During this time, officials will be checking and verifying all the details of your application. This verification may consist of a visit to your home. Officials may also interview references you provide as personal contacts or employers.\\nAt any time during this process, you may be contacted to provide additional information on any topic.\\nThis portion of the application process may take several months.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Attend a final meeting.\", \"描述\": \"When everything appears to be satisfactory, you will be contacted for a final meeting. At the final meeting, you will sign required oaths, and your application will formally be accepted by the local Legal Affairs Bureau. The Legal Affairs Bureau will forward your completed application, along with your signed statements, to the Ministry of Justice. When the Ministry receives and approves those materials, your Japanese citizenship becomes final.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Japanese Citizen by Acknowledgment\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet the minimum requirements for citizenship.\", \"描述\": \"You can acquire Japanese nationality, if you have one Japanese parent but your parents are unmarried, as long as you meet the following criteria:\\nYou must be under 20 years of age.\\nYou must not have previously been a Japanese national.\\nYou must be legally acknowledged by one parent.\\nThe acknowledging parent must have been a Japanese national at the time of your birth.\\nThe acknowledging parent must be a Japanese national at the time of the acknowledgment.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Report in person to the appropriate office.\", \"描述\": \"If you wish to claim Japanese citizenship, you must appear in person at the appropriate office of the Ministry of Justice. If you reside in Japan, then you should report to the district legal affairs bureau for the district where you are living. If you reside outside of Japan, then you can visit any Japanese embassy of consulate.\\nYou must report in person to claim citizenship. The only exception is for individuals who are under 15 years old. If you are under 15, then a legal guardian or other representative may appear on your behalf.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Provide notification that you claim citizenship.\", \"描述\": \"You must make notification in writing at the appropriate office of the Ministry of Justice. The Ministry will provide the form you need. Complete and submit the form.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Research the ancestry and past citizenship of your parents. If one of your parents was a Japanese citizen at the time that you were born, then you automatically obtain Japanese citizenship yourself.[20]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n Similarly, if your biological father was Japanese and died prior to your birth, you immediately acquire Japanese citizenship.[21]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\nAnyone born in Japan automatically has the right to Japanese citizenship. This still occurs during scenarios in which a child was born to unknown parents, such as in cases of abandonment or the baby being turned over to a medical facility or police officer.[22]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Enjoy your time. If you don't already, learn Japanese during your five years, and get to know people around the area you live.\\n\", \"Don't get discouraged on the time requirements! If you really want to be a citizen of Japan, it will be worth it.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be sure this is what you really want. Although the minimum residency time is five years, it can take about a year for the government to review your application.\\n\", \"You must be completely truthful in any representations to gain Japanese citizenship. Any intentionally false statements may lead to imprisonment, fine, or both.\\n\", \"If you are over the age of 20, you will be made to declare sole citizenship to the country of your choice. Be sure that you want this, but as stated earlier, your selecting Japanese citizenship on the citizenship selection form （国籍選択）is purely an internal Japanese government procedure.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,459 |
How to Become a Jeopardy Contestant
|
1. Determining if You’re Eligible
1-1. Meet the show's eligibility requirements.
"Jeopardy!" has its regular game, as well as several tournaments and special weeks throughout the year. To compete as a contestant, you must meet these requirements.
For the regular "Jeopardy!" game, you must be at least 18 years of age and not have appeared on any other game show or reality show (including dating and relationship shows) in the past year, 2 such shows in the past 5 years, or 3 such shows within the last 10 years.
For the "Jeopardy!" Kids' Week, you must be between 10 and 12 years of age.
For the "Jeopardy!" Teen Tournament, you must be between 13 and 17 years of age.
For the "Jeopardy!" College Tournament, you must be a full-time undergraduate student who has yet to earn your first bachelor's degree.
You can be a Canadian citizen.
1-2. Make sure you don’t work for a banned company.
You may not be eligible to appear on Jeopardy! if you work for or have worked for one of the following companies:
Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. or Sony Pictures Television Inc.
Quadra Productions Inc.
CBS Television Distribution
Any of the prize suppliers for Jeopardy or Wheel of Fortune.
1-3. Decide which test to take.
There are two different tests you can take to determine your eligibility for Jeopardy! One is the traditional adult test most contestants have to take, the other is a college student only test offered during the sporadic college challenges for the show.
You may only take the test designed for college students once per season and only if you are currently a student.
If you meet all the eligibility requirements for both the student and adult test you may take each one within a 12-month period.
2. Taking the Online Test
2-1. Apply to take the online test.
The adult test is usually given every year. If you took the test last year, you are still allowed to take this year’s test unless you meet any of the following exceptions:
If you took a special Jeopardy! test given in your local market within the past 12 months. These tests are not given at any regular frequency but the show reserves the right to conduct testing at specific locations to increase their contestant pool when needed.
If you attended an “in-person” audition within the last 18 months.
Taking the online test while you are ineligible could lead to disqualification.
2-2. Create a MyJeopardy Profile.
In order to register to take the online test, you will need an official profile on Jeopardy!’s website. Most of your communication throughout testing will be conducted through this portal.
You will only need to provide a username, e-mail address, zip code and date of birth to register.
Make sure to use an active e-mail account as they will contact you via e-mail regarding testing dates.
2-3. Check for scheduled testing dates.
The online test is only given once per year and the dates are not flexible. You must take the test at the prescribed times or you will be disqualified.
Check your MyJeopardy account regularly for updates in the testing schedule.
If you missed the test date for this year, you will need to wait until they announce a new test date and time.
2-4. Make sure your computer can handle the test.
In order to take the online test, you will need to be on a computer that meets the technical requirements.
The test is compatible with mobile or tablet devices, but it is not recommended that you use them.
You will need a high-speed internet connection.
You will need a screen resolution that meets or exceeds 1024x768.
You will need the latest version of Chrome, Firefox, or Safari. Internet Explorer is not compatible with the test.
2-5. Take the test.
Once you are registered to take the test and have reached the date and time, it’s time to show them how smart you are.
It is recommended that you take the test in your own time zone, however you are permitted to take it during the testing period for an alternate timezone if that better suits your schedule.
The test will take only about ten minutes and cannot be restarted.
3. Being Selected to the Pool of Contestants
3-1. Wait to hear from a Jeopardy contestant coordinator.
If you are selected for an audition, a contestant coordinator will call you to set up a time.
They have extremely limited audition availability, so contestants that performed well in the online test are placed in a pool and chosen randomly.
People who do well on the online test are kept in the audition pool for 18 months.
3-2. Do great at your audition.
If you passed the online and are selected from the contestant pool for an audition, you will need to conduct an screen test that approximates what it might be like to appear on the actual show. This audition involves taking a new test and playing a mock version of the game itself.
The new test will have 50 clues that are different from those you saw in the online test.
You will play a mock version of Jeopardy to assess your ability to play the game.
You must perform well on the second test and the mock game in order to be considered for the contestant pool.
3-3. Ace your interview.
After you play the game at your audition, you will be interviewed to see how well you can conduct yourself on camera. When you receive your notification of the audition, you will be provided a card to complete and return that provides subjects for them to interview you about.
Refine your stories so you can recite them quickly and easily. Focus on the material you suggested in the form you returned to Jeopardy prior to the audition.
Think of some fun facts about yourself and be prepared to say them confidently when asked.
You don’t have to have a spectacular novelty to be selected, but you will need to be able to present your story well.
3-4. Get placed in the contestant pool.
If you pass your audition, there is still no guarantee that you will be chosen to appear on Jeopardy! All of that hard work has put you in position to be chosen next, but you still may never get the call. There is still a bit more luck involved in being chosen.
You will be placed in a contestant pool for 18 months, during which time you may be contacted to come on to the show.
If you are not contacted to appear on the show by the time the next testing period begins, you are eligible to start the process over again.
Tips
You may be invited for an audition any time up to a year after taking the online test. Once you are notified, you must respond to the invitation within 2 business days.
Dress for your audition as you would to appear on the show itself. You do not have to concern yourself with whether your clothes will clash with the show's set, however, as the mock game does not include a traveling version of the set.
You can also audition for to appear on "Jeopardy!" at the Sony Picture Studios in Culver City, California, where the show is taped, as well as at 1 of the sites available around the country. You must have passed the online test before auditioning, however.
Warnings
Although the tests and auditions are free, you are responsible for any transportation, lodging, meals, and incidental expenses you incur during the audition process and as a contestant on the show.
It is possible for more contestants to qualify for auditions than there are audition slots available. In such cases, invitations may be issued randomly until all slots are filled.
Qualifying to appear as a contestant does not guarantee your appearance on "Jeopardy!" The show qualifies more people to appear as contestants than it actually uses because people do get sick, have accidents, or even chicken out after qualifying. Also, with the removal of the 5-game limit for returning champions, the possibility exists of another champion appearing on as many shows as Ken Jennings, who was not defeated until his 75th appearance.
Arrive early to the audition site, as the test begins promptly at the start time and latecomers are not allowed. You may also not bring a guest to the test site with you.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:03",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Determining if You’re Eligible\\n1-1. Meet the show's eligibility requirements.\\n\\\"Jeopardy!\\\" has its regular game, as well as several tournaments and special weeks throughout the year. To compete as a contestant, you must meet these requirements.\\nFor the regular \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" game, you must be at least 18 years of age and not have appeared on any other game show or reality show (including dating and relationship shows) in the past year, 2 such shows in the past 5 years, or 3 such shows within the last 10 years.\\nFor the \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" Kids' Week, you must be between 10 and 12 years of age.\\nFor the \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" Teen Tournament, you must be between 13 and 17 years of age.\\nFor the \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" College Tournament, you must be a full-time undergraduate student who has yet to earn your first bachelor's degree.\\nYou can be a Canadian citizen.\\n1-2. Make sure you don’t work for a banned company.\\nYou may not be eligible to appear on Jeopardy! if you work for or have worked for one of the following companies:\\nSony Pictures Entertainment Inc. or Sony Pictures Television Inc.\\nQuadra Productions Inc.\\nCBS Television Distribution\\nAny of the prize suppliers for Jeopardy or Wheel of Fortune.\\n1-3. Decide which test to take.\\nThere are two different tests you can take to determine your eligibility for Jeopardy! One is the traditional adult test most contestants have to take, the other is a college student only test offered during the sporadic college challenges for the show.\\nYou may only take the test designed for college students once per season and only if you are currently a student.\\nIf you meet all the eligibility requirements for both the student and adult test you may take each one within a 12-month period.\\n2. Taking the Online Test\\n2-1. Apply to take the online test.\\nThe adult test is usually given every year. If you took the test last year, you are still allowed to take this year’s test unless you meet any of the following exceptions:\\nIf you took a special Jeopardy! test given in your local market within the past 12 months. These tests are not given at any regular frequency but the show reserves the right to conduct testing at specific locations to increase their contestant pool when needed.\\nIf you attended an “in-person” audition within the last 18 months.\\nTaking the online test while you are ineligible could lead to disqualification.\\n2-2. Create a MyJeopardy Profile.\\nIn order to register to take the online test, you will need an official profile on Jeopardy!’s website. Most of your communication throughout testing will be conducted through this portal.\\nYou will only need to provide a username, e-mail address, zip code and date of birth to register.\\nMake sure to use an active e-mail account as they will contact you via e-mail regarding testing dates.\\n2-3. Check for scheduled testing dates.\\nThe online test is only given once per year and the dates are not flexible. You must take the test at the prescribed times or you will be disqualified.\\nCheck your MyJeopardy account regularly for updates in the testing schedule.\\nIf you missed the test date for this year, you will need to wait until they announce a new test date and time.\\n2-4. Make sure your computer can handle the test.\\nIn order to take the online test, you will need to be on a computer that meets the technical requirements.\\nThe test is compatible with mobile or tablet devices, but it is not recommended that you use them.\\nYou will need a high-speed internet connection.\\nYou will need a screen resolution that meets or exceeds 1024x768.\\nYou will need the latest version of Chrome, Firefox, or Safari. Internet Explorer is not compatible with the test.\\n2-5. Take the test.\\nOnce you are registered to take the test and have reached the date and time, it’s time to show them how smart you are.\\nIt is recommended that you take the test in your own time zone, however you are permitted to take it during the testing period for an alternate timezone if that better suits your schedule.\\nThe test will take only about ten minutes and cannot be restarted.\\n3. Being Selected to the Pool of Contestants\\n3-1. Wait to hear from a Jeopardy contestant coordinator.\\nIf you are selected for an audition, a contestant coordinator will call you to set up a time.\\nThey have extremely limited audition availability, so contestants that performed well in the online test are placed in a pool and chosen randomly.\\nPeople who do well on the online test are kept in the audition pool for 18 months.\\n3-2. Do great at your audition.\\nIf you passed the online and are selected from the contestant pool for an audition, you will need to conduct an screen test that approximates what it might be like to appear on the actual show. This audition involves taking a new test and playing a mock version of the game itself.\\nThe new test will have 50 clues that are different from those you saw in the online test.\\nYou will play a mock version of Jeopardy to assess your ability to play the game.\\nYou must perform well on the second test and the mock game in order to be considered for the contestant pool.\\n3-3. Ace your interview.\\nAfter you play the game at your audition, you will be interviewed to see how well you can conduct yourself on camera. When you receive your notification of the audition, you will be provided a card to complete and return that provides subjects for them to interview you about.\\nRefine your stories so you can recite them quickly and easily. Focus on the material you suggested in the form you returned to Jeopardy prior to the audition.\\nThink of some fun facts about yourself and be prepared to say them confidently when asked.\\nYou don’t have to have a spectacular novelty to be selected, but you will need to be able to present your story well.\\n3-4. Get placed in the contestant pool.\\nIf you pass your audition, there is still no guarantee that you will be chosen to appear on Jeopardy! All of that hard work has put you in position to be chosen next, but you still may never get the call. There is still a bit more luck involved in being chosen. \\nYou will be placed in a contestant pool for 18 months, during which time you may be contacted to come on to the show.\\nIf you are not contacted to appear on the show by the time the next testing period begins, you are eligible to start the process over again.\\nTips\\nYou may be invited for an audition any time up to a year after taking the online test. Once you are notified, you must respond to the invitation within 2 business days.\\nDress for your audition as you would to appear on the show itself. You do not have to concern yourself with whether your clothes will clash with the show's set, however, as the mock game does not include a traveling version of the set.\\nYou can also audition for to appear on \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" at the Sony Picture Studios in Culver City, California, where the show is taped, as well as at 1 of the sites available around the country. You must have passed the online test before auditioning, however.\\nWarnings\\nAlthough the tests and auditions are free, you are responsible for any transportation, lodging, meals, and incidental expenses you incur during the audition process and as a contestant on the show.\\nIt is possible for more contestants to qualify for auditions than there are audition slots available. In such cases, invitations may be issued randomly until all slots are filled.\\nQualifying to appear as a contestant does not guarantee your appearance on \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" The show qualifies more people to appear as contestants than it actually uses because people do get sick, have accidents, or even chicken out after qualifying. Also, with the removal of the 5-game limit for returning champions, the possibility exists of another champion appearing on as many shows as Ken Jennings, who was not defeated until his 75th appearance.\\nArrive early to the audition site, as the test begins promptly at the start time and latecomers are not allowed. You may also not bring a guest to the test site with you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Originally premiering in 1964 with Art Fleming as host, \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" has become famous for its format of giving contestants answers to which they must come up with the correct questions. The modern version that is currently hosted by Mayim Bialik/Ken Jennings, premiering in 1984, has expanded the show's popularity to make it the second most popular syndicated game show after \\\"Wheel of Fortune.\\\" This level of popularity has led many people to apply to become \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" contestants, hoping to join the ranks of Ken Jennings, Brad Rutter, and other champions. Becoming a contestant doesn't just take know-how, however; it also takes a fair amount of luck.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determining if You’re Eligible\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet the show's eligibility requirements.\", \"描述\": \"\\\"Jeopardy!\\\" has its regular game, as well as several tournaments and special weeks throughout the year. To compete as a contestant, you must meet these requirements.\\nFor the regular \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" game, you must be at least 18 years of age and not have appeared on any other game show or reality show (including dating and relationship shows) in the past year, 2 such shows in the past 5 years, or 3 such shows within the last 10 years.\\nFor the \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" Kids' Week, you must be between 10 and 12 years of age.\\nFor the \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" Teen Tournament, you must be between 13 and 17 years of age.\\nFor the \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" College Tournament, you must be a full-time undergraduate student who has yet to earn your first bachelor's degree.\\nYou can be a Canadian citizen.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make sure you don’t work for a banned company.\", \"描述\": \"You may not be eligible to appear on Jeopardy! if you work for or have worked for one of the following companies:\\nSony Pictures Entertainment Inc. or Sony Pictures Television Inc.\\nQuadra Productions Inc.\\nCBS Television Distribution\\nAny of the prize suppliers for Jeopardy or Wheel of Fortune.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Decide which test to take.\", \"描述\": \"There are two different tests you can take to determine your eligibility for Jeopardy! One is the traditional adult test most contestants have to take, the other is a college student only test offered during the sporadic college challenges for the show.\\nYou may only take the test designed for college students once per season and only if you are currently a student.\\nIf you meet all the eligibility requirements for both the student and adult test you may take each one within a 12-month period.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Taking the Online Test\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply to take the online test.\", \"描述\": \"The adult test is usually given every year. If you took the test last year, you are still allowed to take this year’s test unless you meet any of the following exceptions:\\nIf you took a special Jeopardy! test given in your local market within the past 12 months. These tests are not given at any regular frequency but the show reserves the right to conduct testing at specific locations to increase their contestant pool when needed.\\nIf you attended an “in-person” audition within the last 18 months.\\nTaking the online test while you are ineligible could lead to disqualification.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create a MyJeopardy Profile.\", \"描述\": \"In order to register to take the online test, you will need an official profile on Jeopardy!’s website. Most of your communication throughout testing will be conducted through this portal.\\nYou will only need to provide a username, e-mail address, zip code and date of birth to register.\\nMake sure to use an active e-mail account as they will contact you via e-mail regarding testing dates.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check for scheduled testing dates.\", \"描述\": \"The online test is only given once per year and the dates are not flexible. You must take the test at the prescribed times or you will be disqualified.\\nCheck your MyJeopardy account regularly for updates in the testing schedule.\\nIf you missed the test date for this year, you will need to wait until they announce a new test date and time.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make sure your computer can handle the test.\", \"描述\": \"In order to take the online test, you will need to be on a computer that meets the technical requirements.\\nThe test is compatible with mobile or tablet devices, but it is not recommended that you use them.\\nYou will need a high-speed internet connection.\\nYou will need a screen resolution that meets or exceeds 1024x768.\\nYou will need the latest version of Chrome, Firefox, or Safari. Internet Explorer is not compatible with the test.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the test.\", \"描述\": \"Once you are registered to take the test and have reached the date and time, it’s time to show them how smart you are.\\nIt is recommended that you take the test in your own time zone, however you are permitted to take it during the testing period for an alternate timezone if that better suits your schedule.\\nThe test will take only about ten minutes and cannot be restarted.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Being Selected to the Pool of Contestants\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wait to hear from a Jeopardy contestant coordinator.\", \"描述\": \"If you are selected for an audition, a contestant coordinator will call you to set up a time.\\nThey have extremely limited audition availability, so contestants that performed well in the online test are placed in a pool and chosen randomly.\\nPeople who do well on the online test are kept in the audition pool for 18 months.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do great at your audition.\", \"描述\": \"If you passed the online and are selected from the contestant pool for an audition, you will need to conduct an screen test that approximates what it might be like to appear on the actual show. This audition involves taking a new test and playing a mock version of the game itself.\\nThe new test will have 50 clues that are different from those you saw in the online test.\\nYou will play a mock version of Jeopardy to assess your ability to play the game.\\nYou must perform well on the second test and the mock game in order to be considered for the contestant pool.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ace your interview.\", \"描述\": \"After you play the game at your audition, you will be interviewed to see how well you can conduct yourself on camera. When you receive your notification of the audition, you will be provided a card to complete and return that provides subjects for them to interview you about.\\nRefine your stories so you can recite them quickly and easily. Focus on the material you suggested in the form you returned to Jeopardy prior to the audition.\\nThink of some fun facts about yourself and be prepared to say them confidently when asked.\\nYou don’t have to have a spectacular novelty to be selected, but you will need to be able to present your story well.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get placed in the contestant pool.\", \"描述\": \"If you pass your audition, there is still no guarantee that you will be chosen to appear on Jeopardy! All of that hard work has put you in position to be chosen next, but you still may never get the call. There is still a bit more luck involved in being chosen. \\nYou will be placed in a contestant pool for 18 months, during which time you may be contacted to come on to the show.\\nIf you are not contacted to appear on the show by the time the next testing period begins, you are eligible to start the process over again.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You may be invited for an audition any time up to a year after taking the online test. Once you are notified, you must respond to the invitation within 2 business days.\\n\", \"Dress for your audition as you would to appear on the show itself. You do not have to concern yourself with whether your clothes will clash with the show's set, however, as the mock game does not include a traveling version of the set.\\n\", \"You can also audition for to appear on \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" at the Sony Picture Studios in Culver City, California, where the show is taped, as well as at 1 of the sites available around the country. You must have passed the online test before auditioning, however.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Although the tests and auditions are free, you are responsible for any transportation, lodging, meals, and incidental expenses you incur during the audition process and as a contestant on the show.\\n\", \"It is possible for more contestants to qualify for auditions than there are audition slots available. In such cases, invitations may be issued randomly until all slots are filled.\\n\", \"Qualifying to appear as a contestant does not guarantee your appearance on \\\"Jeopardy!\\\" The show qualifies more people to appear as contestants than it actually uses because people do get sick, have accidents, or even chicken out after qualifying. Also, with the removal of the 5-game limit for returning champions, the possibility exists of another champion appearing on as many shows as Ken Jennings, who was not defeated until his 75th appearance.\\n\", \"Arrive early to the audition site, as the test begins promptly at the start time and latecomers are not allowed. You may also not bring a guest to the test site with you.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,460 |
How to Become a Jeweler
|
1. Getting an Education in Jewelry
1-1. Earn a high school diploma or GED.
Jewelers typically need at least a high school diploma or the equivalent to get started in the industry. Universities and trade schools require it, and it’s a plus on an application for an entry-level job at a jewelry store.
1-2. Pursue an advanced degree in jewelry-making.
A career as a jeweler doesn’t require an advanced degree, but many design and trade schools offer degree programs that range in length from 6 months to one year. Pursuing a degree can give you a well-rounded and general knowledge of jewelry-making or help you choose a specialization, such as design or metallurgy.
In a jeweler degree program, you'll learn how to make and repair jewelry, set stones of different sizes, and work with new technologies for more precise cutting.
Search for jeweler degree programs online. Most offer applications that can be filled out and sent in online. There are programs across the country and the world, in countries including Italy, the Netherlands, and New Zealand.
1-3. Teach yourself the basics of jewelry-making.
Many successful jewelers describe themselves as self-taught, learning their craft by experimenting with making jewelry and getting a job in the industry. Some jewelers get their start after earning a degree in another field and growing a jewelry business as a side hobby. If an advanced degree in jewelry-making isn’t for you, start making pieces on your own time and experiment to see what works.
Make sure you know how to safely use jewelry-making tools before you start creating your own pieces.
2. Getting Started in the Jewelry Industry
2-1. Start networking.
Meet as many people in the jewelry industry as you can--other jewelers, jewelry designers, salespeople, gallery owners. Tell them that you want to become a jeweler and ask them for advice. When a job opens up, let them know you’re available and ready to learn.
2-2. Start small and work your way up in the jewelry industry.
On-the-job training will be one of the most important learning opportunities you receive in your career as a jeweler. Accept any job offer you receive from a jewelry store or gallery, even if it means you’ll be making sales on the floor or polishing jewels in the back.
A job as a salesperson can give you valuable experience in interacting with customers and learning what they’re looking for, and help you expand your network in the meantime.
Many jewelers-in-training start out as polishers and gain valuable on-the-job experience through informal apprenticeships in manufacturing facilities, retail stores, or repair shops.
2-3. Learn from jewelers already in the business.
Even if you’re working as a salesperson, ask to observe and learn from the store’s bench jeweler or gemologist. Soak up all the knowledge you can from these professionals who’ve had success in the industry.
For example, you could work regular shift as a salesperson in the retail store, but ask to come in after hours or on days off to observe the jeweler at work. Treat the jeweler to coffee and ask for any tips they have for an aspiring jeweler.
3. Advancing Your Career as a Jeweler
3-1. Earn your certification.
Once you’ve secured a job as a jeweler, a professional certification will assure your customers of the high quality of your work. Jeweler certifications require that you pass an exam either on-site or administered by a self-appointed proctor.
Certifications are offered through a variety of organizations. Depending on the organization you choose, you might earn a Jewelers of America Professional Certification from Jewelers of America, or become certified as a Registered Jeweler through the American Gem Society. For jewelers outside the United States, search for jeweler certifications available within your country.
3-2. Start your own jewelry business when your customer base starts expanding.
If your pieces are high-quality and your customer base is growing, you may wish to start your own business. You’ll need to find a supplier or make your supplies by hand, decide on a name, and create marketing materials.
Decide whether to run your business online or in a store. You’ll reach local clientele in a store and raise your status in the community, and you’ll have the ability to physically display your jewelry. Online, you’ll have the opportunity to find customers all over the world.
Get in touch with your chamber of commerce and Small Business Development Center to ensure that you’re properly licensed to start your own business.
Be prepared to an school approach in the interactions with manufacturers and suppliers, because this industry tends to be very conservative.
At the same time, you will probably want everything customer-facing to be modern and cutting-edge.
3-3. Get a job in a pre-established store once you've established a network and have good references.
You may prefer the stability and benefits of working in a large jewelry corporation or a smaller, pre-established store over starting your own business. Continue networking to make contacts in the store or corporation that you want to work for and ask about their application process.
Ask for references from jewelers and supervisors at jewelry stores that you've worked at.
Prepare well for your interview and be able to give concrete examples of your work and experience.
3-4. Participate in gem and jewelry trade shows.
This is a great way to continue networking in the industry meet merchants and sales reps who can expand your client base. To find these shows, read industry publications and check in with your chamber of commerce and national trade organizations.
You can also get involved with organizations like the World Jewelry Confederation, which aims to promote and the jewelry industry worldwide and protect consumer interests.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:03",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting an Education in Jewelry\\n1-1. Earn a high school diploma or GED.\\nJewelers typically need at least a high school diploma or the equivalent to get started in the industry. Universities and trade schools require it, and it’s a plus on an application for an entry-level job at a jewelry store.\\n1-2. Pursue an advanced degree in jewelry-making.\\nA career as a jeweler doesn’t require an advanced degree, but many design and trade schools offer degree programs that range in length from 6 months to one year. Pursuing a degree can give you a well-rounded and general knowledge of jewelry-making or help you choose a specialization, such as design or metallurgy. \\nIn a jeweler degree program, you'll learn how to make and repair jewelry, set stones of different sizes, and work with new technologies for more precise cutting.\\nSearch for jeweler degree programs online. Most offer applications that can be filled out and sent in online. There are programs across the country and the world, in countries including Italy, the Netherlands, and New Zealand.\\n1-3. Teach yourself the basics of jewelry-making.\\nMany successful jewelers describe themselves as self-taught, learning their craft by experimenting with making jewelry and getting a job in the industry. Some jewelers get their start after earning a degree in another field and growing a jewelry business as a side hobby. If an advanced degree in jewelry-making isn’t for you, start making pieces on your own time and experiment to see what works.\\nMake sure you know how to safely use jewelry-making tools before you start creating your own pieces.\\n2. Getting Started in the Jewelry Industry\\n2-1. Start networking.\\nMeet as many people in the jewelry industry as you can--other jewelers, jewelry designers, salespeople, gallery owners. Tell them that you want to become a jeweler and ask them for advice. When a job opens up, let them know you’re available and ready to learn.\\n2-2. Start small and work your way up in the jewelry industry.\\nOn-the-job training will be one of the most important learning opportunities you receive in your career as a jeweler. Accept any job offer you receive from a jewelry store or gallery, even if it means you’ll be making sales on the floor or polishing jewels in the back.\\nA job as a salesperson can give you valuable experience in interacting with customers and learning what they’re looking for, and help you expand your network in the meantime.\\nMany jewelers-in-training start out as polishers and gain valuable on-the-job experience through informal apprenticeships in manufacturing facilities, retail stores, or repair shops.\\n2-3. Learn from jewelers already in the business.\\nEven if you’re working as a salesperson, ask to observe and learn from the store’s bench jeweler or gemologist. Soak up all the knowledge you can from these professionals who’ve had success in the industry. \\nFor example, you could work regular shift as a salesperson in the retail store, but ask to come in after hours or on days off to observe the jeweler at work. Treat the jeweler to coffee and ask for any tips they have for an aspiring jeweler.\\n3. Advancing Your Career as a Jeweler\\n3-1. Earn your certification.\\nOnce you’ve secured a job as a jeweler, a professional certification will assure your customers of the high quality of your work. Jeweler certifications require that you pass an exam either on-site or administered by a self-appointed proctor. \\nCertifications are offered through a variety of organizations. Depending on the organization you choose, you might earn a Jewelers of America Professional Certification from Jewelers of America, or become certified as a Registered Jeweler through the American Gem Society. For jewelers outside the United States, search for jeweler certifications available within your country.\\n3-2. Start your own jewelry business when your customer base starts expanding.\\nIf your pieces are high-quality and your customer base is growing, you may wish to start your own business. You’ll need to find a supplier or make your supplies by hand, decide on a name, and create marketing materials. \\nDecide whether to run your business online or in a store. You’ll reach local clientele in a store and raise your status in the community, and you’ll have the ability to physically display your jewelry. Online, you’ll have the opportunity to find customers all over the world. \\nGet in touch with your chamber of commerce and Small Business Development Center to ensure that you’re properly licensed to start your own business.\\nBe prepared to an school approach in the interactions with manufacturers and suppliers, because this industry tends to be very conservative.\\nAt the same time, you will probably want everything customer-facing to be modern and cutting-edge.\\n3-3. Get a job in a pre-established store once you've established a network and have good references.\\nYou may prefer the stability and benefits of working in a large jewelry corporation or a smaller, pre-established store over starting your own business. Continue networking to make contacts in the store or corporation that you want to work for and ask about their application process.\\nAsk for references from jewelers and supervisors at jewelry stores that you've worked at.\\nPrepare well for your interview and be able to give concrete examples of your work and experience.\\n3-4. Participate in gem and jewelry trade shows.\\nThis is a great way to continue networking in the industry meet merchants and sales reps who can expand your client base. To find these shows, read industry publications and check in with your chamber of commerce and national trade organizations.\\nYou can also get involved with organizations like the World Jewelry Confederation, which aims to promote and the jewelry industry worldwide and protect consumer interests.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Jewelers combine artistic ability and fashion consciousness with excellent hand-eye coordination and finger and hand dexterity. There’s no hard and fast route to becoming a jeweler; some jewelers pursue higher degrees and certifications in the field, while others say going straight to work is the best choice. Whatever education path you pursue, networking, on-the-job training and self-marketing will get you on your way to becoming the next jewelry industry success story.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting an Education in Jewelry\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn a high school diploma or GED.\", \"描述\": \"Jewelers typically need at least a high school diploma or the equivalent to get started in the industry. Universities and trade schools require it, and it’s a plus on an application for an entry-level job at a jewelry store.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pursue an advanced degree in jewelry-making.\", \"描述\": \"A career as a jeweler doesn’t require an advanced degree, but many design and trade schools offer degree programs that range in length from 6 months to one year. Pursuing a degree can give you a well-rounded and general knowledge of jewelry-making or help you choose a specialization, such as design or metallurgy. \\nIn a jeweler degree program, you'll learn how to make and repair jewelry, set stones of different sizes, and work with new technologies for more precise cutting.\\nSearch for jeweler degree programs online. Most offer applications that can be filled out and sent in online. There are programs across the country and the world, in countries including Italy, the Netherlands, and New Zealand.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Teach yourself the basics of jewelry-making.\", \"描述\": \"Many successful jewelers describe themselves as self-taught, learning their craft by experimenting with making jewelry and getting a job in the industry. Some jewelers get their start after earning a degree in another field and growing a jewelry business as a side hobby. If an advanced degree in jewelry-making isn’t for you, start making pieces on your own time and experiment to see what works.\\nMake sure you know how to safely use jewelry-making tools before you start creating your own pieces.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Started in the Jewelry Industry\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start networking.\", \"描述\": \"Meet as many people in the jewelry industry as you can--other jewelers, jewelry designers, salespeople, gallery owners. Tell them that you want to become a jeweler and ask them for advice. When a job opens up, let them know you’re available and ready to learn.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start small and work your way up in the jewelry industry.\", \"描述\": \"On-the-job training will be one of the most important learning opportunities you receive in your career as a jeweler. Accept any job offer you receive from a jewelry store or gallery, even if it means you’ll be making sales on the floor or polishing jewels in the back.\\nA job as a salesperson can give you valuable experience in interacting with customers and learning what they’re looking for, and help you expand your network in the meantime.\\nMany jewelers-in-training start out as polishers and gain valuable on-the-job experience through informal apprenticeships in manufacturing facilities, retail stores, or repair shops.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn from jewelers already in the business.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you’re working as a salesperson, ask to observe and learn from the store’s bench jeweler or gemologist. Soak up all the knowledge you can from these professionals who’ve had success in the industry. \\nFor example, you could work regular shift as a salesperson in the retail store, but ask to come in after hours or on days off to observe the jeweler at work. Treat the jeweler to coffee and ask for any tips they have for an aspiring jeweler.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Advancing Your Career as a Jeweler\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn your certification.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve secured a job as a jeweler, a professional certification will assure your customers of the high quality of your work. Jeweler certifications require that you pass an exam either on-site or administered by a self-appointed proctor. \\nCertifications are offered through a variety of organizations. Depending on the organization you choose, you might earn a Jewelers of America Professional Certification from Jewelers of America, or become certified as a Registered Jeweler through the American Gem Society. For jewelers outside the United States, search for jeweler certifications available within your country.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start your own jewelry business when your customer base starts expanding.\", \"描述\": \"If your pieces are high-quality and your customer base is growing, you may wish to start your own business. You’ll need to find a supplier or make your supplies by hand, decide on a name, and create marketing materials. \\nDecide whether to run your business online or in a store. You’ll reach local clientele in a store and raise your status in the community, and you’ll have the ability to physically display your jewelry. Online, you’ll have the opportunity to find customers all over the world. \\nGet in touch with your chamber of commerce and Small Business Development Center to ensure that you’re properly licensed to start your own business.\\nBe prepared to an school approach in the interactions with manufacturers and suppliers, because this industry tends to be very conservative.\\nAt the same time, you will probably want everything customer-facing to be modern and cutting-edge.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get a job in a pre-established store once you've established a network and have good references.\", \"描述\": \"You may prefer the stability and benefits of working in a large jewelry corporation or a smaller, pre-established store over starting your own business. Continue networking to make contacts in the store or corporation that you want to work for and ask about their application process.\\nAsk for references from jewelers and supervisors at jewelry stores that you've worked at.\\nPrepare well for your interview and be able to give concrete examples of your work and experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Participate in gem and jewelry trade shows.\", \"描述\": \"This is a great way to continue networking in the industry meet merchants and sales reps who can expand your client base. To find these shows, read industry publications and check in with your chamber of commerce and national trade organizations.\\nYou can also get involved with organizations like the World Jewelry Confederation, which aims to promote and the jewelry industry worldwide and protect consumer interests.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,461 |
How to Become a Jewelry Designer
|
1. Getting Started
1-1. Pick your path to becoming a jewelry designer.
There are many different routes you can take to becoming a professional and skilled jewelry designer. One way you can help pick your own path is by deciding what you may want to specialize in. Decide if you want to only design, or design and create your jewelry.
If you want to stick with just the design aspect, you may consider focusing on your illustration skills, as well as getting an education in fashion and jewelry design.
If you want to create your designs, you will then have to gain practice, knowledge, and expertise in working with medals, jewels, and various raw materials used to create jewelry. Try attending a reputable trade school for jewelers.
Many jewelry designers skip school and learn through apprenticeships and on-the-job training they find by applying for work at reputable jewelers.
1-2. Learn the basics.
New jewelry designers usually just start out by learning how to adjust, re-shape, and resize jewelry. From there, you can learn more difficult elements such as cutting and setting stones, mold-making, metalworking and engraving. Once you have these basic skills learned, you can focus on your personal style in areas of shape and texture that you can practice mastering.
Jewelers suggest learning about gemology, sales and jewelry fabrication in order to understand the process of jewelry production from beginning to end.
While you do not need a formal education, there are certain skills you may want to consider taking classes on. You will need manual dexterity, artistic skills, steady hands, experience with CAD software to design, the ability to visual design ideas to actual jewelry, and a knowledge of popular fashion.
1-3. Give yourself a competitive edge with a degree.
Depending on the specific route you take, you may benefit from going to school. Jewelry makers who become specialized or independent tend to be more successful with a formal education. Also, employers find jewelers with a degree more appealing because they do not require as much on-the-job training as a person without a formal education. This will help you stand out against competition. You can take your education as far as a Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Fine Arts or Masters of Fine Arts in Metalwork and Jewelry Design.
There are many accredited universities and art institutes that can give you the opportunity to cut and shape gems and pieces of metal first-hand.
A few of the best jewelry design schools are Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, Istituto Lorenzo De Medici – The LdM School of Design in Italy, and Birmingham City University in England.
Advanced credentials and experience can help you one day if you decide to start your own business.
1-4. Plan a timeline.
Once you decide that you want to become a jewelry designer, you can begin practicing right away by signing and creating you ideas. However, if you are looking at finding a job, it may be helpful to know how many years you will have to put in before that may happen.
If you decide to receive a formal education, you can be in school anywhere from two to six years.
You will need about one to two years of experience and on-the-job training to become a skilled designer. Keep in mind, you can receive this experience while you are still in school.
1-5. Learn the process of creation.
When a jewelry designer has an idea for a piece of jewelry, or is presented with an idea from someone else, there are several steps that need to happen before that jewelry comes to life. Depending on the situation, the design phase usually takes about seven days, and the production can take about two weeks. Here is the typical process of design to final product:
The designer will start by drawing their ideas on paper with pencils. It has become common to design jewelry with special computer software that can give a better idea of what the piece will look like in 3D.
The next step is to make a 2D design into a 3D prototype. This can be done in various ways such as 3D printing, CAD, or clay or wax molds that can be filled with melted metal.
Once the prototype is worked out, the jeweler can start casting the metal.
A jeweler can then cut, polish, and set precious or semi-precious gemstones into the jewelry.
2. Practicing On Your Own
2-1. Gain experience by crafting at home.
You do not have to limit yourself to designing at a job or school. With the proper tools and materials, you can practice making your designs come to life. Materials and tools can become expensive, so you may want to start out with just the basic materials. Here are some general tools to get you started:
Scissors that are professional-quality are great for cutting into extra small places with ultra-sharp precision.
Thread Clippers are useful for quick snipping work.
A standard graphing ruler is a basic piece of jewelry equipment that will help you visualize and create your designs.
Use less expensive materials than what you imagine your design ultimately having. If you are envisioning a piece with silver or gold fill, practice with copper wire or other base metal wire just to get the hang of things.
Hammers and mallets can be vital for forming jewelry.
2-2. Expand your tool collection.
There are so many different types of tools required to make the wide range of jewelry available. The type of equipment you buy will become more specific once you decide what type of jewelry it is you want to create. Here is a list of common equipment used to make jewelry that you may or may not need:
Bead boards
Disks and templates
Anvils and blocks
Wire jigs
Stamps and punches
2-3. Invest in a variety of pliers.
Pliers may be one of the most helpful tools you use to help you create your designs. They are many different pliers out there, and they all offer a unique way to help you create jewelry. Here are essential pliers to have in your tool kit:
Wire cutters are great for cutting headpins, eyepins and wire to string jewelry.
Round nose pliers are good when you want a smooth curve and will help you in you make loops, bends, clasps and jump rings for wire work.
Chain nose pliers have a flat surface and taper towards the tips which makes them great for getting into small spaces and gripping wire. They are also useful for opening and closing jump rings.
Crimping pliers are a perfect tool for stringing beads because they have two notches on the jaws that easily secure tubes and beads.
3. Growing in the Industry
3-1. Begin work in the industry.
It is important to get your hands working as soon as possible to gain knowledge, practice, and skills. Apply at local jewelers to see if you can get your foot in the door in anyway possible. Even working in the front of the store as a cashier can teach you a lot. You can learn how jewelry is displayed and presented to the customer, and listen to the feedback they have about the pieces.
Be sure that any jewelers you work with know the direction you are headed so that as positions open, or help is needed designing or creating jewelry, you can be considered for the job.
3-2. Network with as many people as you can.
Spending time in an art, craft, or jewelry setting, and put the word out there that you have a passion for design. This is a great way to start a meaningful relationship with designers and other people who can help you launch your career in jewelry design.
Bring value to those relationship by letting people know what skills you can provide such as reliability, quality, sincerity, creativity, business and marketing knowledge, or dedication. Sell yourself and your skills so other people in the industry want to have a connection with you.
3-3. Learn good communication skills.
Jewelers work closely with employees and customers to figure out designs and talk jewelry. You will have to communicate with your customer about what they are looking for in their piece. This will require you to have great interpersonal skills so you can build strong relationships to help you to successfully sell jewelry.
Consider taking a communications class at a local college.
Remember to always be polite and friendly when talking to fellow employees and customers.
3-4. Submerge yourself in the fashion culture.
Jewelry designers need to know what the latest fashions in jewelry are, as well as the history of jewelry, so they can stay current, and sell jewelry. This will require research, attention to detail, and input from other people. Regardless of the education you receive, or the skills you learn, you will not be a competitive designer unless you have creative ideas that appeal to other people.
Try to get internships with designers, or volunteer at fashion events to learn about great styles.
Read as many books as you can about the history of jewelry. Great books to start with are, History Of Jewelry by Black and Georgian Jewellery 1714-1830 by Ginny Redington.
4. Selling and Creating Jewelry
4-1. Sell your product at art fairs and home shows.
These events pop-up throughout the country in large and small cities allowing vendors to rent a space to sell their product. If you want to sell your own product directly to the people, consider finding local fairs and shows near you, or go on the road with your jewelry. You will be charged an initial fee to have a spot at the show, but after that, the money you earn from your jewelry sales are yours.
This is also a great way to advertise your jewelry. Make business cards that let people know how they can contact you about your jewelry. Leave them out for people to take as they admire your pieces.
4-2. Set up an Etsy account.
Etsy is a great website for creative entrepreneurs who want to sell their homemade products online. You can post pictures of your jewelry for people to view and buy. It is a convenient way to sell your goods when you do not have your own website or store and you are trying to get started as an entrepreneur.
4-3. Be prepared for economic booms and busts.
As the economy fluctuates, so will jewelry sales. Although jewelry sells at even the worst of economic times, jewelry is seen as a luxury item and sales will definitely take a hit if the economy is struggling.
Try to make the best use of your time regardless of the number of sales you do. You can use slower months when sales are down as an opportunity to design and make jewelry repairs.
4-4. Learn important skills to become an entrepreneur.
If you want to have your own store, be sure to learn all areas of the business, not just design and creation. You may want to just focus on jewelry design, but if you open your own store, you will have to know much more to become successful.
Consider taking courses in business administration, merchandising, and entrepreneurship to help you start your business and become successful.
4-5. Have a strong will.
There are many aspiring jewelry designers out there with no formal education for graphic or jewelry design. Regardless of where you stand with your knowledge on jewelry design, if you have the passion, you can become a designer. Whether that means working for yourself, or for another person, you can make it happen with passion, hard work, practice, and networking.
It may take several years to find yourself in your dream position. Do not give up if things take a little longer to start happening for you than you expected.
Remember that learning a new skill takes a lot of practice. You may not have a natural knack for jewelry design at first, but with practice, you will improve your skills.
4-6. Take care of your health.
Designing and creating jewelry can be hard on the body. You will spend many hours leaned over, shaping gems, and focusing your eyes on innate details. After a while, your body may start to ache, your hands may tense up, and your eyes can feel strained.
As you create, take time each hour to walk around, stretch out, and relax your eyes to prevent injury.
Always wear protective eye goggles when working with tools to cut and make jewelry.
Tips
Consider purchasing supplies from online auction sites, such as eBay, as another cost-saving measure.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:03",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Started\\n1-1. Pick your path to becoming a jewelry designer.\\nThere are many different routes you can take to becoming a professional and skilled jewelry designer. One way you can help pick your own path is by deciding what you may want to specialize in. Decide if you want to only design, or design and create your jewelry.\\nIf you want to stick with just the design aspect, you may consider focusing on your illustration skills, as well as getting an education in fashion and jewelry design.\\nIf you want to create your designs, you will then have to gain practice, knowledge, and expertise in working with medals, jewels, and various raw materials used to create jewelry. Try attending a reputable trade school for jewelers.\\nMany jewelry designers skip school and learn through apprenticeships and on-the-job training they find by applying for work at reputable jewelers.\\n1-2. Learn the basics.\\nNew jewelry designers usually just start out by learning how to adjust, re-shape, and resize jewelry. From there, you can learn more difficult elements such as cutting and setting stones, mold-making, metalworking and engraving. Once you have these basic skills learned, you can focus on your personal style in areas of shape and texture that you can practice mastering.\\nJewelers suggest learning about gemology, sales and jewelry fabrication in order to understand the process of jewelry production from beginning to end.\\nWhile you do not need a formal education, there are certain skills you may want to consider taking classes on. You will need manual dexterity, artistic skills, steady hands, experience with CAD software to design, the ability to visual design ideas to actual jewelry, and a knowledge of popular fashion.\\n1-3. Give yourself a competitive edge with a degree.\\nDepending on the specific route you take, you may benefit from going to school. Jewelry makers who become specialized or independent tend to be more successful with a formal education. Also, employers find jewelers with a degree more appealing because they do not require as much on-the-job training as a person without a formal education. This will help you stand out against competition. You can take your education as far as a Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Fine Arts or Masters of Fine Arts in Metalwork and Jewelry Design.\\nThere are many accredited universities and art institutes that can give you the opportunity to cut and shape gems and pieces of metal first-hand.\\nA few of the best jewelry design schools are Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, Istituto Lorenzo De Medici – The LdM School of Design in Italy, and Birmingham City University in England.\\nAdvanced credentials and experience can help you one day if you decide to start your own business.\\n1-4. Plan a timeline.\\nOnce you decide that you want to become a jewelry designer, you can begin practicing right away by signing and creating you ideas. However, if you are looking at finding a job, it may be helpful to know how many years you will have to put in before that may happen.\\nIf you decide to receive a formal education, you can be in school anywhere from two to six years.\\nYou will need about one to two years of experience and on-the-job training to become a skilled designer. Keep in mind, you can receive this experience while you are still in school.\\n1-5. Learn the process of creation.\\nWhen a jewelry designer has an idea for a piece of jewelry, or is presented with an idea from someone else, there are several steps that need to happen before that jewelry comes to life. Depending on the situation, the design phase usually takes about seven days, and the production can take about two weeks. Here is the typical process of design to final product:\\nThe designer will start by drawing their ideas on paper with pencils. It has become common to design jewelry with special computer software that can give a better idea of what the piece will look like in 3D.\\nThe next step is to make a 2D design into a 3D prototype. This can be done in various ways such as 3D printing, CAD, or clay or wax molds that can be filled with melted metal.\\nOnce the prototype is worked out, the jeweler can start casting the metal.\\nA jeweler can then cut, polish, and set precious or semi-precious gemstones into the jewelry.\\n2. Practicing On Your Own\\n2-1. Gain experience by crafting at home.\\nYou do not have to limit yourself to designing at a job or school. With the proper tools and materials, you can practice making your designs come to life. Materials and tools can become expensive, so you may want to start out with just the basic materials. Here are some general tools to get you started:\\nScissors that are professional-quality are great for cutting into extra small places with ultra-sharp precision.\\nThread Clippers are useful for quick snipping work.\\nA standard graphing ruler is a basic piece of jewelry equipment that will help you visualize and create your designs.\\nUse less expensive materials than what you imagine your design ultimately having. If you are envisioning a piece with silver or gold fill, practice with copper wire or other base metal wire just to get the hang of things.\\nHammers and mallets can be vital for forming jewelry.\\n2-2. Expand your tool collection.\\nThere are so many different types of tools required to make the wide range of jewelry available. The type of equipment you buy will become more specific once you decide what type of jewelry it is you want to create. Here is a list of common equipment used to make jewelry that you may or may not need:\\nBead boards\\nDisks and templates\\nAnvils and blocks\\nWire jigs\\nStamps and punches\\n2-3. Invest in a variety of pliers.\\nPliers may be one of the most helpful tools you use to help you create your designs. They are many different pliers out there, and they all offer a unique way to help you create jewelry. Here are essential pliers to have in your tool kit:\\nWire cutters are great for cutting headpins, eyepins and wire to string jewelry.\\nRound nose pliers are good when you want a smooth curve and will help you in you make loops, bends, clasps and jump rings for wire work.\\nChain nose pliers have a flat surface and taper towards the tips which makes them great for getting into small spaces and gripping wire. They are also useful for opening and closing jump rings.\\nCrimping pliers are a perfect tool for stringing beads because they have two notches on the jaws that easily secure tubes and beads.\\n3. Growing in the Industry\\n3-1. Begin work in the industry.\\nIt is important to get your hands working as soon as possible to gain knowledge, practice, and skills. Apply at local jewelers to see if you can get your foot in the door in anyway possible. Even working in the front of the store as a cashier can teach you a lot. You can learn how jewelry is displayed and presented to the customer, and listen to the feedback they have about the pieces.\\nBe sure that any jewelers you work with know the direction you are headed so that as positions open, or help is needed designing or creating jewelry, you can be considered for the job.\\n3-2. Network with as many people as you can.\\nSpending time in an art, craft, or jewelry setting, and put the word out there that you have a passion for design. This is a great way to start a meaningful relationship with designers and other people who can help you launch your career in jewelry design.\\nBring value to those relationship by letting people know what skills you can provide such as reliability, quality, sincerity, creativity, business and marketing knowledge, or dedication. Sell yourself and your skills so other people in the industry want to have a connection with you.\\n3-3. Learn good communication skills.\\nJewelers work closely with employees and customers to figure out designs and talk jewelry. You will have to communicate with your customer about what they are looking for in their piece. This will require you to have great interpersonal skills so you can build strong relationships to help you to successfully sell jewelry.\\nConsider taking a communications class at a local college.\\nRemember to always be polite and friendly when talking to fellow employees and customers.\\n3-4. Submerge yourself in the fashion culture.\\nJewelry designers need to know what the latest fashions in jewelry are, as well as the history of jewelry, so they can stay current, and sell jewelry. This will require research, attention to detail, and input from other people. Regardless of the education you receive, or the skills you learn, you will not be a competitive designer unless you have creative ideas that appeal to other people.\\nTry to get internships with designers, or volunteer at fashion events to learn about great styles.\\nRead as many books as you can about the history of jewelry. Great books to start with are, History Of Jewelry by Black and Georgian Jewellery 1714-1830 by Ginny Redington.\\n4. Selling and Creating Jewelry\\n4-1. Sell your product at art fairs and home shows.\\nThese events pop-up throughout the country in large and small cities allowing vendors to rent a space to sell their product. If you want to sell your own product directly to the people, consider finding local fairs and shows near you, or go on the road with your jewelry. You will be charged an initial fee to have a spot at the show, but after that, the money you earn from your jewelry sales are yours.\\nThis is also a great way to advertise your jewelry. Make business cards that let people know how they can contact you about your jewelry. Leave them out for people to take as they admire your pieces.\\n4-2. Set up an Etsy account.\\nEtsy is a great website for creative entrepreneurs who want to sell their homemade products online. You can post pictures of your jewelry for people to view and buy. It is a convenient way to sell your goods when you do not have your own website or store and you are trying to get started as an entrepreneur.\\n4-3. Be prepared for economic booms and busts.\\nAs the economy fluctuates, so will jewelry sales. Although jewelry sells at even the worst of economic times, jewelry is seen as a luxury item and sales will definitely take a hit if the economy is struggling.\\nTry to make the best use of your time regardless of the number of sales you do. You can use slower months when sales are down as an opportunity to design and make jewelry repairs.\\n4-4. Learn important skills to become an entrepreneur.\\nIf you want to have your own store, be sure to learn all areas of the business, not just design and creation. You may want to just focus on jewelry design, but if you open your own store, you will have to know much more to become successful. \\nConsider taking courses in business administration, merchandising, and entrepreneurship to help you start your business and become successful.\\n4-5. Have a strong will.\\nThere are many aspiring jewelry designers out there with no formal education for graphic or jewelry design. Regardless of where you stand with your knowledge on jewelry design, if you have the passion, you can become a designer. Whether that means working for yourself, or for another person, you can make it happen with passion, hard work, practice, and networking. \\nIt may take several years to find yourself in your dream position. Do not give up if things take a little longer to start happening for you than you expected.\\nRemember that learning a new skill takes a lot of practice. You may not have a natural knack for jewelry design at first, but with practice, you will improve your skills.\\n4-6. Take care of your health.\\nDesigning and creating jewelry can be hard on the body. You will spend many hours leaned over, shaping gems, and focusing your eyes on innate details. After a while, your body may start to ache, your hands may tense up, and your eyes can feel strained.\\nAs you create, take time each hour to walk around, stretch out, and relax your eyes to prevent injury.\\nAlways wear protective eye goggles when working with tools to cut and make jewelry.\\nTips\\nConsider purchasing supplies from online auction sites, such as eBay, as another cost-saving measure.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a jewelry designer gives you the freedom to express yourself creatively, and share your designs with the world to enjoy. You have the opportunity to be self-employed or work for reputable jewelers across the globe. It is your choice to learn the trade through on-the-job training or gain formal training at a school. This job is perfect for driven people who need a way to share their creativity and style others.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Started\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pick your path to becoming a jewelry designer.\", \"描述\": \"There are many different routes you can take to becoming a professional and skilled jewelry designer. One way you can help pick your own path is by deciding what you may want to specialize in. Decide if you want to only design, or design and create your jewelry.\\nIf you want to stick with just the design aspect, you may consider focusing on your illustration skills, as well as getting an education in fashion and jewelry design.\\nIf you want to create your designs, you will then have to gain practice, knowledge, and expertise in working with medals, jewels, and various raw materials used to create jewelry. Try attending a reputable trade school for jewelers.\\nMany jewelry designers skip school and learn through apprenticeships and on-the-job training they find by applying for work at reputable jewelers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn the basics.\", \"描述\": \"New jewelry designers usually just start out by learning how to adjust, re-shape, and resize jewelry. From there, you can learn more difficult elements such as cutting and setting stones, mold-making, metalworking and engraving. Once you have these basic skills learned, you can focus on your personal style in areas of shape and texture that you can practice mastering.\\nJewelers suggest learning about gemology, sales and jewelry fabrication in order to understand the process of jewelry production from beginning to end.\\nWhile you do not need a formal education, there are certain skills you may want to consider taking classes on. You will need manual dexterity, artistic skills, steady hands, experience with CAD software to design, the ability to visual design ideas to actual jewelry, and a knowledge of popular fashion.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Give yourself a competitive edge with a degree.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the specific route you take, you may benefit from going to school. Jewelry makers who become specialized or independent tend to be more successful with a formal education. Also, employers find jewelers with a degree more appealing because they do not require as much on-the-job training as a person without a formal education. This will help you stand out against competition. You can take your education as far as a Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Fine Arts or Masters of Fine Arts in Metalwork and Jewelry Design.\\nThere are many accredited universities and art institutes that can give you the opportunity to cut and shape gems and pieces of metal first-hand.\\nA few of the best jewelry design schools are Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, Istituto Lorenzo De Medici – The LdM School of Design in Italy, and Birmingham City University in England.\\nAdvanced credentials and experience can help you one day if you decide to start your own business.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Plan a timeline.\", \"描述\": \"Once you decide that you want to become a jewelry designer, you can begin practicing right away by signing and creating you ideas. However, if you are looking at finding a job, it may be helpful to know how many years you will have to put in before that may happen.\\nIf you decide to receive a formal education, you can be in school anywhere from two to six years.\\nYou will need about one to two years of experience and on-the-job training to become a skilled designer. Keep in mind, you can receive this experience while you are still in school.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Learn the process of creation.\", \"描述\": \"When a jewelry designer has an idea for a piece of jewelry, or is presented with an idea from someone else, there are several steps that need to happen before that jewelry comes to life. Depending on the situation, the design phase usually takes about seven days, and the production can take about two weeks. Here is the typical process of design to final product:\\nThe designer will start by drawing their ideas on paper with pencils. It has become common to design jewelry with special computer software that can give a better idea of what the piece will look like in 3D.\\nThe next step is to make a 2D design into a 3D prototype. This can be done in various ways such as 3D printing, CAD, or clay or wax molds that can be filled with melted metal.\\nOnce the prototype is worked out, the jeweler can start casting the metal.\\nA jeweler can then cut, polish, and set precious or semi-precious gemstones into the jewelry.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practicing On Your Own\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gain experience by crafting at home.\", \"描述\": \"You do not have to limit yourself to designing at a job or school. With the proper tools and materials, you can practice making your designs come to life. Materials and tools can become expensive, so you may want to start out with just the basic materials. Here are some general tools to get you started:\\nScissors that are professional-quality are great for cutting into extra small places with ultra-sharp precision.\\nThread Clippers are useful for quick snipping work.\\nA standard graphing ruler is a basic piece of jewelry equipment that will help you visualize and create your designs.\\nUse less expensive materials than what you imagine your design ultimately having. If you are envisioning a piece with silver or gold fill, practice with copper wire or other base metal wire just to get the hang of things.\\nHammers and mallets can be vital for forming jewelry.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Expand your tool collection.\", \"描述\": \"There are so many different types of tools required to make the wide range of jewelry available. The type of equipment you buy will become more specific once you decide what type of jewelry it is you want to create. Here is a list of common equipment used to make jewelry that you may or may not need:\\nBead boards\\nDisks and templates\\nAnvils and blocks\\nWire jigs\\nStamps and punches\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Invest in a variety of pliers.\", \"描述\": \"Pliers may be one of the most helpful tools you use to help you create your designs. They are many different pliers out there, and they all offer a unique way to help you create jewelry. Here are essential pliers to have in your tool kit:\\nWire cutters are great for cutting headpins, eyepins and wire to string jewelry.\\nRound nose pliers are good when you want a smooth curve and will help you in you make loops, bends, clasps and jump rings for wire work.\\nChain nose pliers have a flat surface and taper towards the tips which makes them great for getting into small spaces and gripping wire. They are also useful for opening and closing jump rings.\\nCrimping pliers are a perfect tool for stringing beads because they have two notches on the jaws that easily secure tubes and beads.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Growing in the Industry\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Begin work in the industry.\", \"描述\": \"It is important to get your hands working as soon as possible to gain knowledge, practice, and skills. Apply at local jewelers to see if you can get your foot in the door in anyway possible. Even working in the front of the store as a cashier can teach you a lot. You can learn how jewelry is displayed and presented to the customer, and listen to the feedback they have about the pieces.\\nBe sure that any jewelers you work with know the direction you are headed so that as positions open, or help is needed designing or creating jewelry, you can be considered for the job.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Network with as many people as you can.\", \"描述\": \"Spending time in an art, craft, or jewelry setting, and put the word out there that you have a passion for design. This is a great way to start a meaningful relationship with designers and other people who can help you launch your career in jewelry design.\\nBring value to those relationship by letting people know what skills you can provide such as reliability, quality, sincerity, creativity, business and marketing knowledge, or dedication. Sell yourself and your skills so other people in the industry want to have a connection with you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn good communication skills.\", \"描述\": \"Jewelers work closely with employees and customers to figure out designs and talk jewelry. You will have to communicate with your customer about what they are looking for in their piece. This will require you to have great interpersonal skills so you can build strong relationships to help you to successfully sell jewelry.\\nConsider taking a communications class at a local college.\\nRemember to always be polite and friendly when talking to fellow employees and customers.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Submerge yourself in the fashion culture.\", \"描述\": \"Jewelry designers need to know what the latest fashions in jewelry are, as well as the history of jewelry, so they can stay current, and sell jewelry. This will require research, attention to detail, and input from other people. Regardless of the education you receive, or the skills you learn, you will not be a competitive designer unless you have creative ideas that appeal to other people.\\nTry to get internships with designers, or volunteer at fashion events to learn about great styles.\\nRead as many books as you can about the history of jewelry. Great books to start with are, History Of Jewelry by Black and Georgian Jewellery 1714-1830 by Ginny Redington.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Selling and Creating Jewelry\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sell your product at art fairs and home shows.\", \"描述\": \"These events pop-up throughout the country in large and small cities allowing vendors to rent a space to sell their product. If you want to sell your own product directly to the people, consider finding local fairs and shows near you, or go on the road with your jewelry. You will be charged an initial fee to have a spot at the show, but after that, the money you earn from your jewelry sales are yours.\\nThis is also a great way to advertise your jewelry. Make business cards that let people know how they can contact you about your jewelry. Leave them out for people to take as they admire your pieces.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Set up an Etsy account.\", \"描述\": \"Etsy is a great website for creative entrepreneurs who want to sell their homemade products online. You can post pictures of your jewelry for people to view and buy. It is a convenient way to sell your goods when you do not have your own website or store and you are trying to get started as an entrepreneur.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be prepared for economic booms and busts.\", \"描述\": \"As the economy fluctuates, so will jewelry sales. Although jewelry sells at even the worst of economic times, jewelry is seen as a luxury item and sales will definitely take a hit if the economy is struggling.\\nTry to make the best use of your time regardless of the number of sales you do. You can use slower months when sales are down as an opportunity to design and make jewelry repairs.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn important skills to become an entrepreneur.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to have your own store, be sure to learn all areas of the business, not just design and creation. You may want to just focus on jewelry design, but if you open your own store, you will have to know much more to become successful. \\nConsider taking courses in business administration, merchandising, and entrepreneurship to help you start your business and become successful.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Have a strong will.\", \"描述\": \"There are many aspiring jewelry designers out there with no formal education for graphic or jewelry design. Regardless of where you stand with your knowledge on jewelry design, if you have the passion, you can become a designer. Whether that means working for yourself, or for another person, you can make it happen with passion, hard work, practice, and networking. \\nIt may take several years to find yourself in your dream position. Do not give up if things take a little longer to start happening for you than you expected.\\nRemember that learning a new skill takes a lot of practice. You may not have a natural knack for jewelry design at first, but with practice, you will improve your skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take care of your health.\", \"描述\": \"Designing and creating jewelry can be hard on the body. You will spend many hours leaned over, shaping gems, and focusing your eyes on innate details. After a while, your body may start to ache, your hands may tense up, and your eyes can feel strained.\\nAs you create, take time each hour to walk around, stretch out, and relax your eyes to prevent injury.\\nAlways wear protective eye goggles when working with tools to cut and make jewelry.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Consider purchasing supplies from online auction sites, such as eBay, as another cost-saving measure.\\n\"]}]}}",
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wikihow
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5,462 |
How to Become a Jewelry Maker
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1. Getting an Education in Jewelry Making
1-1. Consider whether you wish to pursue a formal education in jewelry making.
Many jewelry makers entered into the profession after earning a formal degree in Gemology, Jewelry Design, or Accessory Design. However, a formal degree is not strictly necessary. Some reasons to strongly consider a formal education include:
If you are brand-new to the profession and have no contacts in the industry
If you will need to use advanced software or 3-D printing technology in your jewelry designs
If you hope to work for a large jewelry manufacturer that requires formal degrees
If you wish to pursue competitive, highly sought-after managerial positions in the industry
1-2. Consider whether the costs of a formal degree are worthwhile.
Even though education can provide one pathway to a successful career in jewelry making, many successful professionals used alternative methods to get their jobs. These strategies include networking, apprenticing, or growing a small, informal side business into a larger company. A formal degree in jewelry making is not necessary for every aspiring jeweler and should be considered carefully. Some reasons not to pursue a degree in jewelry making include:
If you wish to pursue jewelry making as a hobby, part-time job, or side business instead of your full-time career
If you already have a local client base for your jewelry designs
If your jewelry designs can be accomplished without sophisticated tools or technology
If you have contacts in the industry who can give you an apprenticeship or entry-level position
If you are unable to pay for a degree
If you are unable to spend 1-4 years pursuing a degree
1-3. Choose the skills you wish to learn.
There are dozens and dozens of schools, institutes, and programs that provide training in various jewelry making techniques. However, these schools can differ in their emphases and training programs. Before you enroll in a program, decide on the specific set of skills you wish to acquire. That way, you will know whether a program will fit your needs. If you want to open your own independent boutique, you might wish to choose a program that will help you learn how to run your own business or design scarves. If, however, you wish to craft jewelry for a large ring manufacturer, you might want to find a program whose sole focus is on gemology, gem-cutting, and gem-setting. Some possible skills you might wish to learn could include:
Metalsmithing and blacksmithing
Gem appraisal, cutting, and setting
Waxwork
Mold-making
Engraving
Watch repair
Graphic design software and technology
The history of jewelry making
Jewelry design
Accessory design (such as scarves, handbags, etc.)
Retail management
1-4. Decide whether you want a certificate, Associate's degree, or Bachelor's degree.
There is a wide variety in the types of degrees and certificates you can pursue in jewelry making, from a certificate you can attain in a few weeks to an official 4-year degree from an accredited university. A certificate can teach you one or two specific skills (such as watch repair). An Associate's degree will provide you with a more comprehensive training in the industry. A Bachelor's degree will allow you to attain training in your industry as well as acquire other types of skills and knowledge (such as business administration or the history of design).
In general, you can attain a certificate from a local community college or a specialized jewelry institute. You can attain an Associate's degree from a 2-year community college or technical school. And you can attain a Bachelor's in Fine Arts (or BFA) from a 4-year college, university, or art institute.
If you're not in the position to pursue a formal degree, you can take a few basic courses at your local community college or art school.
One way to help you determine what kind of degree to get is to examine the resumes of people who have the kinds of jewelry making job you want. Do your idols and mentors have a few specialty certificates, or do they have formal degrees? If there is a company you admire, take a look at their job postings to see what their minimal education requirements are.
At a few schools, a Master's in Fine Arts degree in jewelry is also possible, though this is likely not the best option for somebody just starting on this career path.
1-5. Enter a licensed program.
No matter what, you will want to attain your education at an institution that is reputable. Make sure that your program is either with an accredited college or university or is affiliated with a major jewelry professional organization, such as the Gemological Institute of America. Be wary of programs that are unaccredited or that are affiliated with for-profit companies: they are more likely to be expensive, delay graduation, and their certificates will not hold as much weight.
1-6. Build a portfolio during school.
Many of the courses you take while in a jewelry making program will require you to create unique jewelry pieces of your own. Perhaps you will design rings, cut gemstones, or create a unique mold for resin. Many programs will require that you complete a portfolio of your projects in order to graduate. However, even if your program does not require it, you should still build a portfolio to help you gain a foothold in the industry. A good jewelry making portfolio should:
Look professional. Take clear, well-lit photographs of all of your pieces, and design the portfolio in a professional and attractive manner. Photos are best taken with the jewelry on a back or dark background, with the jewelry itself lit to its best advantage.
Demonstrate your versatility. Are you an excellent engraver as well as a metal-smith? Be sure to include examples of all the different skillsets you've acquired at school.
Have a compelling narrative. Do not just rely on photographs: try to explain the decisions you made about how to design and craft your pieces of jewelry. What rationale did you use? How do your designs differ from your classmates'?
Be selective. During your training, you will likely make a number of mistakes. Only choose the best possible pieces to include in a professional portfolio. Ask a classmate or professor for advice if you are having trouble choosing what to include.
Have a physical and a digital version. You will want a hard copy of your portfolio printed on high-quality paper with high-quality ink to show to employers and clients in-person. You will also need a digital copy that is readable on a professional website and that you can email to potential employers or clients.
1-7. Develop professional networks while in school.
During your time in a formal education program, you will have to take a number of exams, studio courses, and also develop a portfolio of your designs and creations. However, if you want to become a jewelry maker, it is important that you consider your education a stepping-stone to a career and not an end-goal in and of itself. Some ways to help leverage your education into a fulfilling life as a jewelry maker include:
Asking your teachers and professors to introduce you to other professionals in the community
Working or interning at a relevant company during your education
Attending networking and professional conferences to meet potential employers
Showing your growing portfolio to professionals to get their advice
Building a professional website to showcase your skills and portfolio
1-8. Intern at a local jewelry store or studio.
Some jewelry programs will provide placement services that will allow you to find internships to continue building your skills. An internship will allow you to gain practical experience in jewelry design as well as meet new clients, employers and customers. After your internship, you may be offered an entry level position that allows you to sell, inventory, and make light repairs. A senior position will involve collaborating on designs and eventually leading design projects.
2. Opening an Independent Jewelry Shop
2-1. Understand the start-up costs of jewelry entrepreneurship.
Many people become jewelry makers without formal training or education. About 1/3 of jewelers work independently or from home. In some cases, they make jewelry as part of a side business or hobby. In other cases, jewelry making is their full-time career. However, the costs and risks to this path can be quite large. Keep in mind that start-up costs of jewelry making include:
Business and self-employment taxes
Fees to show your wares at shows or conventions
Renting a workspace
Equipment for metalsmithing, gem-setting, etc.
Supplies (metal, beads, charms, tools, etc.)
Fees to maintain a website or collect payments online
2-2. Consider working for an employer before striking out on your own.
Work at a local jewelry store until you have enough capital and experience to start your own business. In order to succeed, you will have to understand the jewelry making business thoroughly, including fashion trends, business expenses, the time involved in making large amounts of jewelry, and sound construction techniques. It is wise for you to become independent only after you have learned the industry backwards and forwards.
If, however, you hope to make jewelry as a side business or hobby, there are fewer risks involved and you can simply jump right into making your craft.
2-3. Choose your style.
Jewelry design encompasses as many styles as there are tastes. It's possible to specialize in anything from baroque style jewelry to minimalist jewelry to charm bracelets to body jewelry. Perhaps you love to create vivid, colorful, 3D printed necklaces. Or perhaps you love making steampunk necklaces with octopus pendants. Or perhaps you are passionate about making eco-friendly jewelry out of recycled materials. Concentrate on the style you enjoy most and that allows you to express your creativity while still making saleable jewelry.
Though many people initially plan to become designers, some discover that they have a talent for fabricating others' designs or repairing jewelry. Be honest with yourself and select the field you enjoy most.
2-4. Choose your specialty.
There are countless types of jewelry that you could consider making yourself. Some of these can be high-cost and require specialized equipment (such as setting your own diamond rings). Others are lower-cost and can be accomplished with supplies from any art supply store (such as resin pendants). A few kinds of jewelry that are feasible for independent jewelry makers include:
Custom engagement rings
Charm bracelets
Beaded earrings, necklaces, and bracelets
Jewelry made of carved wood or other eco-friendly materials
2-5. Purchase necessary supplies.
Depending on the type of jewelry you wish to make as well as the amount you wish to create, your supplies will vary quite widely. Some jewelry makers require microscopes and welding equipment. Others might simply require paper and a simple silver-link chain. Consider carefully the supplies you need to make the jewelry as well as the supplies you might need in order to ship your jewelry safely to clients.
If you plan to sell large amount of jewelry, you should develop a relationship with a wholesale provider of jewelry supplies such as metals, chains, gems, and beads. They can provide your supplies at a lower cost.
2-6. Develop a client base.
Many jewelry makers advertise their creations on large websites such as Etsy or Ebay. However, it can be difficult to use web-based clients as your sole source of revenue. Consider other in-person and digital ways to advertise your wares and grow your client base. This will be an important part of your business plan as a jewelry maker. These might include:
Art fairs or conventions
Charity events
Social networking websites and events
Demonstrations or classes you might offer locally
3. Acquiring an Entry-level Position as a Jeweler
3-1. Tap your networks for positions.
Even though jewelers are increasingly gaining positions after a formal education, there is a long-established history of jewelers learning their craft through long-term on-the-job experience. Many family-owned local jewelry stores are still in operation, and family members learn key skills of the trade from their parents or relatives. If you do not wish to enter a formal program, talk to your family members, friends, and acquaintances who are in the industry about opportunities in your area. They can guide you to potential openings where you could learn key skills on-the-job.
It is possible that the only job opportunities given to you will seem unrelated to jewelry making. However, even a retail position will give you valuable experience and opportunities to learn jewelry craftsmanship. It is important that you leverage any opportunity you are given so that you can learn the skills required for the field.
3-2. Maintain relationships in the industry.
In many cases, the people you speak with in the industry will not have an open position available. That is normal and understandable and has nothing to do with you. Be sure that you maintain your ties with anyone you network with, even if they do not provide you with a job opportunity right now. After all, they might help you out later. In order to effectively maintain and build a professional network, be sure that you:
Write down the names and contact information of any potentially useful person you meet
Write thank-you notes to anyone who speaks with you about the industry
Ask members of your network out for informational interviews. An informational interview is where you speak with a member of a profession about how to enter it, their own career paths, and any general advice they might have. This is unlike a formal interview, where you are hoping to be given a specific position.
3-3. Demonstrate your general skills and qualities.
If you wish to gain an entry-level position as a jewelry maker without prior experience or certification, you will have to show your potential employer that you have the ability to learn the complicated skills necessary to succeed in the business. Depending on the specific position, your employer will want to make sure that you are:
Detail-oriented. Explain to your potential employer how you have handled tasks that require serious detail work and concentration in the past.
Fashionable. Employers will want you to be aware of current trends and fashions in the jewelry world. Read fashion magazines and professional publications so that you can show off your knowledge of jewelry design.
Dexterous. Have you had experience with careful, fine work with your fingers? For example, perhaps you are an expert typist or can play piano. Think about whether you are physically capable of the physical aspects of jewelry making.
Socially adept. Especially if you wish to work in a jewelry store, employers will want you to interact with customers and clients in a polite, friendly way. Tell your potential employer about any customer service experience or client-facing experience you have, even if it was in another industry.
Tech-savvy. Many jewelry makers and jewelry store owners require the use of specialized software in order to draft designs, order materials, and handle business affairs. Any software or computer experience you can bring to the table will help your potential employer see how useful you can be, even without specialized jewelry making experience.
3-4. Look for jobs in jewelry manufacturing plants.
If you want to craft jewelry as an entry-level employee, it is likely that your best opportunity for hands-on jewelry making will come from jewelry manufacturing plants. In these companies, most employees learn their crafts on the job. They might specialize in engraving, casting, or setting stones. Once you have acquired a solid set of skills in a large manufacturing plant, you can transfer these skills to other positions in the industry.
3-5. Ask for extra responsibilities.
If you have gotten a position in a jewelry store, it is likely that your entry-level position will not involve the crafting of jewelry--yet. It is more likely that you will have a job in retail or store management. If you have gotten an entry-level position at a local jewelry store, ask your supervisor if you can spend some time getting trained in more advanced positions in your spare time. You may be allowed to observe the licensed jewelers as they work or perform simple tasks under their supervision. This will allow you to begin to build this skillset yourself as well as get some excellent references for future positions.
Tips
Remember that there are numerous pathways to becoming a jewelry maker. Education, experience, and entrepreneurship might all lead you to your goal.
Networking will be an essential component of jewelry making no matter what your career path: you will have to maintain excellent relationships with clients, wholesalers, and colleagues everywhere.
Do your research about which jewelry education programs are right for you. Choose carefully, and pick programs that suit your interests.
Warnings
Jewelry making is not a get rich quick scheme: be aware of the large financial risks involved in opening your own store.
Be sure to follow all tax laws and business regulations if you open your own business. Consider consulting an attorney or accountant to make sure you are running your business in an above-board manner.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:55:03",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting an Education in Jewelry Making\\n1-1. Consider whether you wish to pursue a formal education in jewelry making.\\nMany jewelry makers entered into the profession after earning a formal degree in Gemology, Jewelry Design, or Accessory Design. However, a formal degree is not strictly necessary. Some reasons to strongly consider a formal education include:\\nIf you are brand-new to the profession and have no contacts in the industry\\nIf you will need to use advanced software or 3-D printing technology in your jewelry designs\\nIf you hope to work for a large jewelry manufacturer that requires formal degrees\\nIf you wish to pursue competitive, highly sought-after managerial positions in the industry\\n1-2. Consider whether the costs of a formal degree are worthwhile.\\nEven though education can provide one pathway to a successful career in jewelry making, many successful professionals used alternative methods to get their jobs. These strategies include networking, apprenticing, or growing a small, informal side business into a larger company. A formal degree in jewelry making is not necessary for every aspiring jeweler and should be considered carefully. Some reasons not to pursue a degree in jewelry making include:\\nIf you wish to pursue jewelry making as a hobby, part-time job, or side business instead of your full-time career\\nIf you already have a local client base for your jewelry designs\\nIf your jewelry designs can be accomplished without sophisticated tools or technology\\nIf you have contacts in the industry who can give you an apprenticeship or entry-level position\\nIf you are unable to pay for a degree\\nIf you are unable to spend 1-4 years pursuing a degree\\n1-3. Choose the skills you wish to learn.\\nThere are dozens and dozens of schools, institutes, and programs that provide training in various jewelry making techniques. However, these schools can differ in their emphases and training programs. Before you enroll in a program, decide on the specific set of skills you wish to acquire. That way, you will know whether a program will fit your needs. If you want to open your own independent boutique, you might wish to choose a program that will help you learn how to run your own business or design scarves. If, however, you wish to craft jewelry for a large ring manufacturer, you might want to find a program whose sole focus is on gemology, gem-cutting, and gem-setting. Some possible skills you might wish to learn could include:\\nMetalsmithing and blacksmithing\\nGem appraisal, cutting, and setting\\nWaxwork\\nMold-making\\nEngraving\\nWatch repair\\nGraphic design software and technology\\nThe history of jewelry making\\nJewelry design\\nAccessory design (such as scarves, handbags, etc.)\\nRetail management\\n1-4. Decide whether you want a certificate, Associate's degree, or Bachelor's degree.\\nThere is a wide variety in the types of degrees and certificates you can pursue in jewelry making, from a certificate you can attain in a few weeks to an official 4-year degree from an accredited university. A certificate can teach you one or two specific skills (such as watch repair). An Associate's degree will provide you with a more comprehensive training in the industry. A Bachelor's degree will allow you to attain training in your industry as well as acquire other types of skills and knowledge (such as business administration or the history of design).\\nIn general, you can attain a certificate from a local community college or a specialized jewelry institute. You can attain an Associate's degree from a 2-year community college or technical school. And you can attain a Bachelor's in Fine Arts (or BFA) from a 4-year college, university, or art institute.\\nIf you're not in the position to pursue a formal degree, you can take a few basic courses at your local community college or art school.\\nOne way to help you determine what kind of degree to get is to examine the resumes of people who have the kinds of jewelry making job you want. Do your idols and mentors have a few specialty certificates, or do they have formal degrees? If there is a company you admire, take a look at their job postings to see what their minimal education requirements are.\\nAt a few schools, a Master's in Fine Arts degree in jewelry is also possible, though this is likely not the best option for somebody just starting on this career path.\\n1-5. Enter a licensed program.\\nNo matter what, you will want to attain your education at an institution that is reputable. Make sure that your program is either with an accredited college or university or is affiliated with a major jewelry professional organization, such as the Gemological Institute of America. Be wary of programs that are unaccredited or that are affiliated with for-profit companies: they are more likely to be expensive, delay graduation, and their certificates will not hold as much weight.\\n1-6. Build a portfolio during school.\\nMany of the courses you take while in a jewelry making program will require you to create unique jewelry pieces of your own. Perhaps you will design rings, cut gemstones, or create a unique mold for resin. Many programs will require that you complete a portfolio of your projects in order to graduate. However, even if your program does not require it, you should still build a portfolio to help you gain a foothold in the industry. A good jewelry making portfolio should:\\nLook professional. Take clear, well-lit photographs of all of your pieces, and design the portfolio in a professional and attractive manner. Photos are best taken with the jewelry on a back or dark background, with the jewelry itself lit to its best advantage.\\nDemonstrate your versatility. Are you an excellent engraver as well as a metal-smith? Be sure to include examples of all the different skillsets you've acquired at school.\\nHave a compelling narrative. Do not just rely on photographs: try to explain the decisions you made about how to design and craft your pieces of jewelry. What rationale did you use? How do your designs differ from your classmates'?\\nBe selective. During your training, you will likely make a number of mistakes. Only choose the best possible pieces to include in a professional portfolio. Ask a classmate or professor for advice if you are having trouble choosing what to include.\\nHave a physical and a digital version. You will want a hard copy of your portfolio printed on high-quality paper with high-quality ink to show to employers and clients in-person. You will also need a digital copy that is readable on a professional website and that you can email to potential employers or clients.\\n1-7. Develop professional networks while in school.\\nDuring your time in a formal education program, you will have to take a number of exams, studio courses, and also develop a portfolio of your designs and creations. However, if you want to become a jewelry maker, it is important that you consider your education a stepping-stone to a career and not an end-goal in and of itself. Some ways to help leverage your education into a fulfilling life as a jewelry maker include:\\nAsking your teachers and professors to introduce you to other professionals in the community\\nWorking or interning at a relevant company during your education\\nAttending networking and professional conferences to meet potential employers\\nShowing your growing portfolio to professionals to get their advice\\nBuilding a professional website to showcase your skills and portfolio\\n1-8. Intern at a local jewelry store or studio.\\nSome jewelry programs will provide placement services that will allow you to find internships to continue building your skills. An internship will allow you to gain practical experience in jewelry design as well as meet new clients, employers and customers. After your internship, you may be offered an entry level position that allows you to sell, inventory, and make light repairs. A senior position will involve collaborating on designs and eventually leading design projects.\\n2. Opening an Independent Jewelry Shop\\n2-1. Understand the start-up costs of jewelry entrepreneurship.\\nMany people become jewelry makers without formal training or education. About 1/3 of jewelers work independently or from home. In some cases, they make jewelry as part of a side business or hobby. In other cases, jewelry making is their full-time career. However, the costs and risks to this path can be quite large. Keep in mind that start-up costs of jewelry making include:\\nBusiness and self-employment taxes\\nFees to show your wares at shows or conventions\\nRenting a workspace\\nEquipment for metalsmithing, gem-setting, etc.\\nSupplies (metal, beads, charms, tools, etc.)\\nFees to maintain a website or collect payments online\\n2-2. Consider working for an employer before striking out on your own.\\nWork at a local jewelry store until you have enough capital and experience to start your own business. In order to succeed, you will have to understand the jewelry making business thoroughly, including fashion trends, business expenses, the time involved in making large amounts of jewelry, and sound construction techniques. It is wise for you to become independent only after you have learned the industry backwards and forwards.\\nIf, however, you hope to make jewelry as a side business or hobby, there are fewer risks involved and you can simply jump right into making your craft.\\n2-3. Choose your style.\\nJewelry design encompasses as many styles as there are tastes. It's possible to specialize in anything from baroque style jewelry to minimalist jewelry to charm bracelets to body jewelry. Perhaps you love to create vivid, colorful, 3D printed necklaces. Or perhaps you love making steampunk necklaces with octopus pendants. Or perhaps you are passionate about making eco-friendly jewelry out of recycled materials. Concentrate on the style you enjoy most and that allows you to express your creativity while still making saleable jewelry.\\nThough many people initially plan to become designers, some discover that they have a talent for fabricating others' designs or repairing jewelry. Be honest with yourself and select the field you enjoy most.\\n2-4. Choose your specialty.\\nThere are countless types of jewelry that you could consider making yourself. Some of these can be high-cost and require specialized equipment (such as setting your own diamond rings). Others are lower-cost and can be accomplished with supplies from any art supply store (such as resin pendants). A few kinds of jewelry that are feasible for independent jewelry makers include:\\nCustom engagement rings\\nCharm bracelets\\nBeaded earrings, necklaces, and bracelets\\nJewelry made of carved wood or other eco-friendly materials\\n2-5. Purchase necessary supplies.\\nDepending on the type of jewelry you wish to make as well as the amount you wish to create, your supplies will vary quite widely. Some jewelry makers require microscopes and welding equipment. Others might simply require paper and a simple silver-link chain. Consider carefully the supplies you need to make the jewelry as well as the supplies you might need in order to ship your jewelry safely to clients.\\nIf you plan to sell large amount of jewelry, you should develop a relationship with a wholesale provider of jewelry supplies such as metals, chains, gems, and beads. They can provide your supplies at a lower cost.\\n2-6. Develop a client base.\\nMany jewelry makers advertise their creations on large websites such as Etsy or Ebay. However, it can be difficult to use web-based clients as your sole source of revenue. Consider other in-person and digital ways to advertise your wares and grow your client base. This will be an important part of your business plan as a jewelry maker. These might include:\\nArt fairs or conventions\\nCharity events\\nSocial networking websites and events\\nDemonstrations or classes you might offer locally\\n3. Acquiring an Entry-level Position as a Jeweler\\n3-1. Tap your networks for positions.\\nEven though jewelers are increasingly gaining positions after a formal education, there is a long-established history of jewelers learning their craft through long-term on-the-job experience. Many family-owned local jewelry stores are still in operation, and family members learn key skills of the trade from their parents or relatives. If you do not wish to enter a formal program, talk to your family members, friends, and acquaintances who are in the industry about opportunities in your area. They can guide you to potential openings where you could learn key skills on-the-job.\\nIt is possible that the only job opportunities given to you will seem unrelated to jewelry making. However, even a retail position will give you valuable experience and opportunities to learn jewelry craftsmanship. It is important that you leverage any opportunity you are given so that you can learn the skills required for the field.\\n3-2. Maintain relationships in the industry.\\nIn many cases, the people you speak with in the industry will not have an open position available. That is normal and understandable and has nothing to do with you. Be sure that you maintain your ties with anyone you network with, even if they do not provide you with a job opportunity right now. After all, they might help you out later. In order to effectively maintain and build a professional network, be sure that you: \\nWrite down the names and contact information of any potentially useful person you meet\\nWrite thank-you notes to anyone who speaks with you about the industry\\nAsk members of your network out for informational interviews. An informational interview is where you speak with a member of a profession about how to enter it, their own career paths, and any general advice they might have. This is unlike a formal interview, where you are hoping to be given a specific position.\\n3-3. Demonstrate your general skills and qualities.\\nIf you wish to gain an entry-level position as a jewelry maker without prior experience or certification, you will have to show your potential employer that you have the ability to learn the complicated skills necessary to succeed in the business. Depending on the specific position, your employer will want to make sure that you are:\\nDetail-oriented. Explain to your potential employer how you have handled tasks that require serious detail work and concentration in the past.\\nFashionable. Employers will want you to be aware of current trends and fashions in the jewelry world. Read fashion magazines and professional publications so that you can show off your knowledge of jewelry design.\\nDexterous. Have you had experience with careful, fine work with your fingers? For example, perhaps you are an expert typist or can play piano. Think about whether you are physically capable of the physical aspects of jewelry making.\\nSocially adept. Especially if you wish to work in a jewelry store, employers will want you to interact with customers and clients in a polite, friendly way. Tell your potential employer about any customer service experience or client-facing experience you have, even if it was in another industry.\\nTech-savvy. Many jewelry makers and jewelry store owners require the use of specialized software in order to draft designs, order materials, and handle business affairs. Any software or computer experience you can bring to the table will help your potential employer see how useful you can be, even without specialized jewelry making experience.\\n3-4. Look for jobs in jewelry manufacturing plants.\\nIf you want to craft jewelry as an entry-level employee, it is likely that your best opportunity for hands-on jewelry making will come from jewelry manufacturing plants. In these companies, most employees learn their crafts on the job. They might specialize in engraving, casting, or setting stones. Once you have acquired a solid set of skills in a large manufacturing plant, you can transfer these skills to other positions in the industry.\\n3-5. Ask for extra responsibilities.\\nIf you have gotten a position in a jewelry store, it is likely that your entry-level position will not involve the crafting of jewelry--yet. It is more likely that you will have a job in retail or store management. If you have gotten an entry-level position at a local jewelry store, ask your supervisor if you can spend some time getting trained in more advanced positions in your spare time. You may be allowed to observe the licensed jewelers as they work or perform simple tasks under their supervision. This will allow you to begin to build this skillset yourself as well as get some excellent references for future positions.\\nTips\\nRemember that there are numerous pathways to becoming a jewelry maker. Education, experience, and entrepreneurship might all lead you to your goal.\\nNetworking will be an essential component of jewelry making no matter what your career path: you will have to maintain excellent relationships with clients, wholesalers, and colleagues everywhere.\\nDo your research about which jewelry education programs are right for you. Choose carefully, and pick programs that suit your interests.\\nWarnings\\nJewelry making is not a get rich quick scheme: be aware of the large financial risks involved in opening your own store.\\nBe sure to follow all tax laws and business regulations if you open your own business. Consider consulting an attorney or accountant to make sure you are running your business in an above-board manner.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Jewelry design and fabrication is a highly specialized form of functional art that represents an enormous, billion dollar industry. Becoming a jewelry maker requires more than making sketches of your own ideas. It also requires an in-depth knowledge of metals and gems, careful craftsmanship, and an understanding of fashion trends. If you want to become a jewelry maker, you may need to pursue an education in jewelry design and craftsmanship, but other pathways might also help you gain experience in the field.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting an Education in Jewelry Making\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider whether you wish to pursue a formal education in jewelry making.\", \"描述\": \"Many jewelry makers entered into the profession after earning a formal degree in Gemology, Jewelry Design, or Accessory Design. However, a formal degree is not strictly necessary. Some reasons to strongly consider a formal education include:\\nIf you are brand-new to the profession and have no contacts in the industry\\nIf you will need to use advanced software or 3-D printing technology in your jewelry designs\\nIf you hope to work for a large jewelry manufacturer that requires formal degrees\\nIf you wish to pursue competitive, highly sought-after managerial positions in the industry\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider whether the costs of a formal degree are worthwhile.\", \"描述\": \"Even though education can provide one pathway to a successful career in jewelry making, many successful professionals used alternative methods to get their jobs. These strategies include networking, apprenticing, or growing a small, informal side business into a larger company. A formal degree in jewelry making is not necessary for every aspiring jeweler and should be considered carefully. Some reasons not to pursue a degree in jewelry making include:\\nIf you wish to pursue jewelry making as a hobby, part-time job, or side business instead of your full-time career\\nIf you already have a local client base for your jewelry designs\\nIf your jewelry designs can be accomplished without sophisticated tools or technology\\nIf you have contacts in the industry who can give you an apprenticeship or entry-level position\\nIf you are unable to pay for a degree\\nIf you are unable to spend 1-4 years pursuing a degree\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose the skills you wish to learn.\", \"描述\": \"There are dozens and dozens of schools, institutes, and programs that provide training in various jewelry making techniques. However, these schools can differ in their emphases and training programs. Before you enroll in a program, decide on the specific set of skills you wish to acquire. That way, you will know whether a program will fit your needs. If you want to open your own independent boutique, you might wish to choose a program that will help you learn how to run your own business or design scarves. If, however, you wish to craft jewelry for a large ring manufacturer, you might want to find a program whose sole focus is on gemology, gem-cutting, and gem-setting. Some possible skills you might wish to learn could include:\\nMetalsmithing and blacksmithing\\nGem appraisal, cutting, and setting\\nWaxwork\\nMold-making\\nEngraving\\nWatch repair\\nGraphic design software and technology\\nThe history of jewelry making\\nJewelry design\\nAccessory design (such as scarves, handbags, etc.)\\nRetail management\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Decide whether you want a certificate, Associate's degree, or Bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"There is a wide variety in the types of degrees and certificates you can pursue in jewelry making, from a certificate you can attain in a few weeks to an official 4-year degree from an accredited university. A certificate can teach you one or two specific skills (such as watch repair). An Associate's degree will provide you with a more comprehensive training in the industry. A Bachelor's degree will allow you to attain training in your industry as well as acquire other types of skills and knowledge (such as business administration or the history of design).\\nIn general, you can attain a certificate from a local community college or a specialized jewelry institute. You can attain an Associate's degree from a 2-year community college or technical school. And you can attain a Bachelor's in Fine Arts (or BFA) from a 4-year college, university, or art institute.\\nIf you're not in the position to pursue a formal degree, you can take a few basic courses at your local community college or art school.\\nOne way to help you determine what kind of degree to get is to examine the resumes of people who have the kinds of jewelry making job you want. Do your idols and mentors have a few specialty certificates, or do they have formal degrees? If there is a company you admire, take a look at their job postings to see what their minimal education requirements are.\\nAt a few schools, a Master's in Fine Arts degree in jewelry is also possible, though this is likely not the best option for somebody just starting on this career path.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Enter a licensed program.\", \"描述\": \"No matter what, you will want to attain your education at an institution that is reputable. Make sure that your program is either with an accredited college or university or is affiliated with a major jewelry professional organization, such as the Gemological Institute of America. Be wary of programs that are unaccredited or that are affiliated with for-profit companies: they are more likely to be expensive, delay graduation, and their certificates will not hold as much weight.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Build a portfolio during school.\", \"描述\": \"Many of the courses you take while in a jewelry making program will require you to create unique jewelry pieces of your own. Perhaps you will design rings, cut gemstones, or create a unique mold for resin. Many programs will require that you complete a portfolio of your projects in order to graduate. However, even if your program does not require it, you should still build a portfolio to help you gain a foothold in the industry. A good jewelry making portfolio should:\\nLook professional. Take clear, well-lit photographs of all of your pieces, and design the portfolio in a professional and attractive manner. Photos are best taken with the jewelry on a back or dark background, with the jewelry itself lit to its best advantage.\\nDemonstrate your versatility. Are you an excellent engraver as well as a metal-smith? Be sure to include examples of all the different skillsets you've acquired at school.\\nHave a compelling narrative. Do not just rely on photographs: try to explain the decisions you made about how to design and craft your pieces of jewelry. What rationale did you use? How do your designs differ from your classmates'?\\nBe selective. During your training, you will likely make a number of mistakes. Only choose the best possible pieces to include in a professional portfolio. Ask a classmate or professor for advice if you are having trouble choosing what to include.\\nHave a physical and a digital version. You will want a hard copy of your portfolio printed on high-quality paper with high-quality ink to show to employers and clients in-person. You will also need a digital copy that is readable on a professional website and that you can email to potential employers or clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Develop professional networks while in school.\", \"描述\": \"During your time in a formal education program, you will have to take a number of exams, studio courses, and also develop a portfolio of your designs and creations. However, if you want to become a jewelry maker, it is important that you consider your education a stepping-stone to a career and not an end-goal in and of itself. Some ways to help leverage your education into a fulfilling life as a jewelry maker include:\\nAsking your teachers and professors to introduce you to other professionals in the community\\nWorking or interning at a relevant company during your education\\nAttending networking and professional conferences to meet potential employers\\nShowing your growing portfolio to professionals to get their advice\\nBuilding a professional website to showcase your skills and portfolio\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Intern at a local jewelry store or studio.\", \"描述\": \"Some jewelry programs will provide placement services that will allow you to find internships to continue building your skills. An internship will allow you to gain practical experience in jewelry design as well as meet new clients, employers and customers. After your internship, you may be offered an entry level position that allows you to sell, inventory, and make light repairs. A senior position will involve collaborating on designs and eventually leading design projects.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Opening an Independent Jewelry Shop\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand the start-up costs of jewelry entrepreneurship.\", \"描述\": \"Many people become jewelry makers without formal training or education. About 1/3 of jewelers work independently or from home. In some cases, they make jewelry as part of a side business or hobby. In other cases, jewelry making is their full-time career. However, the costs and risks to this path can be quite large. Keep in mind that start-up costs of jewelry making include:\\nBusiness and self-employment taxes\\nFees to show your wares at shows or conventions\\nRenting a workspace\\nEquipment for metalsmithing, gem-setting, etc.\\nSupplies (metal, beads, charms, tools, etc.)\\nFees to maintain a website or collect payments online\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider working for an employer before striking out on your own.\", \"描述\": \"Work at a local jewelry store until you have enough capital and experience to start your own business. In order to succeed, you will have to understand the jewelry making business thoroughly, including fashion trends, business expenses, the time involved in making large amounts of jewelry, and sound construction techniques. It is wise for you to become independent only after you have learned the industry backwards and forwards.\\nIf, however, you hope to make jewelry as a side business or hobby, there are fewer risks involved and you can simply jump right into making your craft.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose your style.\", \"描述\": \"Jewelry design encompasses as many styles as there are tastes. It's possible to specialize in anything from baroque style jewelry to minimalist jewelry to charm bracelets to body jewelry. Perhaps you love to create vivid, colorful, 3D printed necklaces. Or perhaps you love making steampunk necklaces with octopus pendants. Or perhaps you are passionate about making eco-friendly jewelry out of recycled materials. Concentrate on the style you enjoy most and that allows you to express your creativity while still making saleable jewelry.\\nThough many people initially plan to become designers, some discover that they have a talent for fabricating others' designs or repairing jewelry. Be honest with yourself and select the field you enjoy most.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Choose your specialty.\", \"描述\": \"There are countless types of jewelry that you could consider making yourself. Some of these can be high-cost and require specialized equipment (such as setting your own diamond rings). Others are lower-cost and can be accomplished with supplies from any art supply store (such as resin pendants). A few kinds of jewelry that are feasible for independent jewelry makers include:\\nCustom engagement rings\\nCharm bracelets\\nBeaded earrings, necklaces, and bracelets\\nJewelry made of carved wood or other eco-friendly materials\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Purchase necessary supplies.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the type of jewelry you wish to make as well as the amount you wish to create, your supplies will vary quite widely. Some jewelry makers require microscopes and welding equipment. Others might simply require paper and a simple silver-link chain. Consider carefully the supplies you need to make the jewelry as well as the supplies you might need in order to ship your jewelry safely to clients.\\nIf you plan to sell large amount of jewelry, you should develop a relationship with a wholesale provider of jewelry supplies such as metals, chains, gems, and beads. They can provide your supplies at a lower cost.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Develop a client base.\", \"描述\": \"Many jewelry makers advertise their creations on large websites such as Etsy or Ebay. However, it can be difficult to use web-based clients as your sole source of revenue. Consider other in-person and digital ways to advertise your wares and grow your client base. This will be an important part of your business plan as a jewelry maker. These might include:\\nArt fairs or conventions\\nCharity events\\nSocial networking websites and events\\nDemonstrations or classes you might offer locally\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Acquiring an Entry-level Position as a Jeweler\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tap your networks for positions.\", \"描述\": \"Even though jewelers are increasingly gaining positions after a formal education, there is a long-established history of jewelers learning their craft through long-term on-the-job experience. Many family-owned local jewelry stores are still in operation, and family members learn key skills of the trade from their parents or relatives. If you do not wish to enter a formal program, talk to your family members, friends, and acquaintances who are in the industry about opportunities in your area. They can guide you to potential openings where you could learn key skills on-the-job.\\nIt is possible that the only job opportunities given to you will seem unrelated to jewelry making. However, even a retail position will give you valuable experience and opportunities to learn jewelry craftsmanship. It is important that you leverage any opportunity you are given so that you can learn the skills required for the field.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Maintain relationships in the industry.\", \"描述\": \"In many cases, the people you speak with in the industry will not have an open position available. That is normal and understandable and has nothing to do with you. Be sure that you maintain your ties with anyone you network with, even if they do not provide you with a job opportunity right now. After all, they might help you out later. In order to effectively maintain and build a professional network, be sure that you: \\nWrite down the names and contact information of any potentially useful person you meet\\nWrite thank-you notes to anyone who speaks with you about the industry\\nAsk members of your network out for informational interviews. An informational interview is where you speak with a member of a profession about how to enter it, their own career paths, and any general advice they might have. This is unlike a formal interview, where you are hoping to be given a specific position.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Demonstrate your general skills and qualities.\", \"描述\": \"If you wish to gain an entry-level position as a jewelry maker without prior experience or certification, you will have to show your potential employer that you have the ability to learn the complicated skills necessary to succeed in the business. Depending on the specific position, your employer will want to make sure that you are:\\nDetail-oriented. Explain to your potential employer how you have handled tasks that require serious detail work and concentration in the past.\\nFashionable. Employers will want you to be aware of current trends and fashions in the jewelry world. Read fashion magazines and professional publications so that you can show off your knowledge of jewelry design.\\nDexterous. Have you had experience with careful, fine work with your fingers? For example, perhaps you are an expert typist or can play piano. Think about whether you are physically capable of the physical aspects of jewelry making.\\nSocially adept. Especially if you wish to work in a jewelry store, employers will want you to interact with customers and clients in a polite, friendly way. Tell your potential employer about any customer service experience or client-facing experience you have, even if it was in another industry.\\nTech-savvy. Many jewelry makers and jewelry store owners require the use of specialized software in order to draft designs, order materials, and handle business affairs. Any software or computer experience you can bring to the table will help your potential employer see how useful you can be, even without specialized jewelry making experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look for jobs in jewelry manufacturing plants.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to craft jewelry as an entry-level employee, it is likely that your best opportunity for hands-on jewelry making will come from jewelry manufacturing plants. In these companies, most employees learn their crafts on the job. They might specialize in engraving, casting, or setting stones. Once you have acquired a solid set of skills in a large manufacturing plant, you can transfer these skills to other positions in the industry.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Ask for extra responsibilities.\", \"描述\": \"If you have gotten a position in a jewelry store, it is likely that your entry-level position will not involve the crafting of jewelry--yet. It is more likely that you will have a job in retail or store management. If you have gotten an entry-level position at a local jewelry store, ask your supervisor if you can spend some time getting trained in more advanced positions in your spare time. You may be allowed to observe the licensed jewelers as they work or perform simple tasks under their supervision. This will allow you to begin to build this skillset yourself as well as get some excellent references for future positions.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Remember that there are numerous pathways to becoming a jewelry maker. Education, experience, and entrepreneurship might all lead you to your goal.\\n\", \"Networking will be an essential component of jewelry making no matter what your career path: you will have to maintain excellent relationships with clients, wholesalers, and colleagues everywhere.\\n\", \"Do your research about which jewelry education programs are right for you. Choose carefully, and pick programs that suit your interests.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Jewelry making is not a get rich quick scheme: be aware of the large financial risks involved in opening your own store.\\n\", \"Be sure to follow all tax laws and business regulations if you open your own business. Consider consulting an attorney or accountant to make sure you are running your business in an above-board manner.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,463 |
How to Become a Journeyman Electrician (US)
|
1. Understanding the Trade
1-1. Familiarize yourself with possible lines of work.
Journeymen electricians install electrical systems in homes and businesses. They inspect and repair wiring, transformers and circuit breakers. As a journeyman electrician, you could work as an outside lineman or an inside wireman. Once you have worked as a journeyman for a period, you can eventually become a master electrician.
As an outside wireman or journeyman lineman, you work on all of the electrical lines that connect power generation to the power meter. In this role, you spend more time outside, such as fixing the wiring on poles and towers.
As an inside wireman or inside journeyman, you maintain the electrical systems inside a building.
The term "journeyman" is often a level of license that is followed by the next level "master electrician.”
There are many areas in this profession, such as industrial wiring, factory wiring, as well as wiring data, alarm and telecom systems. The field is full of opportunities.
1-2. Learn about journeyman electrician salaries in your area.
Since the average salaries for journeyman electrician varies a lot depending on geography, firm and experience, you should search career sites to find relevant salaries in your region. For instance, you could search Glassdoor or similar websites to find the average salaries for journeyman electricians in your area.
In the United States, the overall income range is between $37K and 81K. The firm you work for has a huge impact on your overall salary, as well as geography and your level of work experience. If you are at the top end of earners in this profession, you may benefit from bonuses and profit sharing.
Starting pay for a first year apprentice is usually not too much more than minimum wage.
1-3. Don’t let your gender identity hold you back.
Most journeymen electrician are still men. But there are more women getting involved in the electrical trade so, if you identify as female, you should go for it! Trade unions and women in trades organizations are trying to get more women involved in the electrical trade, so take advantage of resources directed to women in trades. You may also be interested to hear that most women report positive experiences working as journeymen electricians.
If you are a woman in the electrical trade, you may want to be mindful of favoritism.
Female electricians report that it is important to know when to accept or turn down help from male colleagues. You can lose respect if you accept too much help.
2. Getting Qualified
2-1. Get your high school diploma.
You will need a high school diploma to become a journeyman electrician. If you are career transitioning as an adult and do not currently have a high school diploma, you should get your GED or high school equivalency. However, if you have not finished school and are considering this career, you should finish high school as a first step.
You can study for the GED at a local community college, which might have online courses for this purpose.
To get your GED, you will need to take the exam or test that is administered by your local state.
2-2. Get a job as a helper.
As a helper, you can prepare tools and materials for the electricians, dig ditches and do other manual labor. If you do well in this position, you can land a paid apprenticeship or enroll in a program at a vocational college.
You do not need any special qualifications to be an electrician’s helper.
It is expected that helpers have a basic working knowledge of electrical safety, hand tools and electrical construction methods.
As a helper, will you to learn to identify the large assortment of tools and materials in the electrical trade.
Wage increases come with progression to 2nd, 3rd and 4th year helpers.
2-3. Enroll in an electrician program at a vocational college.
Vocational training at the college or trade school level is not absolutely necessary for becoming a journeyman electrician. However, because this training will give you a heads up and open up opportunities for an apprenticeship, you should look at enrolling in an electrician program in your area.
You can learn about electrical codes, electrical theory and workplace safety, amongst other topics, at an electrician program.
One of the advantages of completing an electrician program is that you will be better prepared for the tests and interview process involved in becoming an apprentice.
The technical school training can be obtained after high school, or as part of the high school curriculum in a vocational/technical high school.
The IBEW (International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers) offers paid training for a limited number of interested candidates. IBEW training is typically 4 years in duration, but may also vary by local area.
Most branches of the U.S. armed forces provide paid training and generous benefits to those that choose this career path at the time of enlistment.
2-4. Apply for an apprenticeship.
After completing your electrician program, you should find an apprenticeship through a job board or an electricians organization. At this stage, you should also think about whether you want to train for a particular specialty, such as outside lineman, inside lineman, VDV installer technician or residential lineman.
You can find an apprenticeship through The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), The National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA), or Independent Electrical Contractors (IEC).
Be sure to choose an apprenticeship where you'll be paid on payroll. Otherwise, the hours you work may not count toward your license.
2-5. Pass the apprenticeship application process.
You may need to pass an aptitude test prior to starting the apprenticeship, which will involve some arithmetic, algebra and comprehension skills. However, the aptitude test is only required for some apprenticeships. You may also need to pass a drug test and show you have some level of hands-on, mechanical aptitude. After the aptitude test and passing any other specific requirements, you will complete an interview to determine your suitability for the position.
For the IBEW inside wireman and limited energy technician apprenticeship programs, you have to do an aptitude test focused on basic math and reading. The math portion consists of 33 questions that you have to answer in 46 minutes. The reading part consists of 36 questions that you have to answer in 51 minutes.
If your apprenticeship program requires an aptitude test, you should prepare by brushing up on your basic math skills. Most people who fail say they wished they had spent more time studying for the math part of the exam.
If you fail the aptitude test for an IBEW apprenticeship, you will have to wait at least six months before doing it again.
If you are female or a minority, your local trade union should be eager to find you an apprenticeship, since they are trying to build a more diverse workforce.
Although there are increased training opportunities for female electricians, it can still take up to a year to get accepted into an apprenticeship.
2-6. Check to see if you need to register as an apprentice in your jurisdiction.
Some places require you to register as an electrician trainee or apprentice, so you should check with your local department of labor before beginning your apprenticeship. If you do need to register, you will just be asked to fill out a few forms.
2-7. Complete your apprenticeship.
Your apprenticeship will last around four years and will include a mix of on-the-job and classroom training. During this period, you will get to learn all about construction blueprints, the national electric code, wiring, lighting fixtures, testing and inspection of electrical systems. You will also earn an hourly wage, which is typically around half of what you will end up earning as a certified journeyman electrician.
In many places, you can only take the test to get your journeyman license after completing a certain number of school hours as well as working as an apprentice for a certain number of hours.
3. Getting Licensed
3-1. Determine the licensing requirements for your jurisdiction.
Since the requirements for becoming a licensed electrician differ substantially depending on where you work, you will need to contact your local licensing board to find out specific requirements. Typically, getting licensed will require having worked a certain number of hours in the field, studied the profession in a classroom setting for a certain number of hours and completion of a licensing exam.
Some regions do not require an exam.
The specific number of work and study hours varies substantially by region.
In California, you need to have registered as a trainee, completed 720 hours of classroom time, 8,000 hours of on-the-job experience and passed a state certification exam.
If you live in the province of Ontario, you’ll need to do the Certificate of Qualification exam.
Licensing assures employers and the public of a minimum level of competency.
3-2. Study the Electrical Code.
Most licensing authorities and electrical wiring inspectors use the National Electrical Code (NEC) for electrical code enforcement. Determine if the version used for enforcement is the NEC, or other state, county or city code. Familiarize yourself with the codes for the area where you plan to work.
3-3. Prepare for testing
If your jurisdiction requires an exam in order to become a licensed electrician, you should figure out the format of the exam. In some regions, tests involve a mix of multiple choice, essay, computation, practical (hands on) and verbal examination. Many licensing authorities make use of a two-part examination, including a written test and a practical examination. The practical is designed to identify individuals that have never really performed the work in the field but have a very good understanding of the code.
Some jurisdictions, such as New Jersey, do not require an exam as part of the licensing process.
Use of the electrical code book may or may not be permitted during the exam.
Obtaining aides for the particular type exam offered can be a wise investment.
3-4. Pass the licensing exam for your jurisdiction.
Once you have completed your four years of apprenticeship training, you can go ahead and take your licensing exam. The exams are administered by state licensing boards, so you’ll need to contact them to find out about the exam. The licensing board may also have a requirement for a certain number of hours working in the field. Once you have passed the local licensing requirements, such as number of hours and exam, you can go ahead and work as a certified electrician.
In some states, like New York, cities administer the licensing exams. If you live in one of these states, you’ll need to contact the city licensing board to find out about exams.
While there are locations that have no licensing, many others require multiple licenses such as state, county or city license(s).
Many licensing authorities require that a minimum amount of documented time has been spent working in the trade to be eligible for license examination. It is not uncommon for 6,000 to 8,000-hour minimum time requirements.
Examples of documentation include tax information (W-4) or pay stubs, school transcripts (if claiming time spent attending a technical school), etc.
4. Advancing Your Career
4-1. Find a job with a local contractor.
You can search for a position as a certified electrician with a construction company or contractor. If you completed your training through a college or trade school, you could see if they have a career center that can help you. You could also look on the website of the National Electrical Contractors Association.
4-2. Start your own business.
If you feel confident in your business and management skills, you could start your own business as a journeyman electrician. You’ll be able to work for yourself and focus on the kinds of projects that you enjoy!
You could also take a course or program that focuses on business in the trades.
4-3. Become a master electrician.
After working for a number of years, you can take the exam to become a master electrician. You can make more money and find better opportunities as a master electrician. Find out the requirements in your jurisdiction, which may involve both a certain number of hours working as an electrician and some educational qualifications.
Tips
Some larger employers offer classroom training at night or on weekends.
Since it will take 3, 4 or more years to become a journeyman electrician, it is best to start young.
Vocational/technical high school education is ideal for many trade occupations, due to the amount of time needed to become proficient and knowledgeable electrician.
Warnings
Time spent performing electrical maintenance work in factories and other locations will most likely not count towards the hours needed for licensing. The time spent performing that type of work will not qualify for credit towards license examination in many jurisdictions.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:04",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Understanding the Trade\\n1-1. Familiarize yourself with possible lines of work.\\nJourneymen electricians install electrical systems in homes and businesses. They inspect and repair wiring, transformers and circuit breakers. As a journeyman electrician, you could work as an outside lineman or an inside wireman. Once you have worked as a journeyman for a period, you can eventually become a master electrician.\\nAs an outside wireman or journeyman lineman, you work on all of the electrical lines that connect power generation to the power meter. In this role, you spend more time outside, such as fixing the wiring on poles and towers.\\nAs an inside wireman or inside journeyman, you maintain the electrical systems inside a building.\\nThe term \\\"journeyman\\\" is often a level of license that is followed by the next level \\\"master electrician.”\\nThere are many areas in this profession, such as industrial wiring, factory wiring, as well as wiring data, alarm and telecom systems. The field is full of opportunities.\\n1-2. Learn about journeyman electrician salaries in your area.\\nSince the average salaries for journeyman electrician varies a lot depending on geography, firm and experience, you should search career sites to find relevant salaries in your region. For instance, you could search Glassdoor or similar websites to find the average salaries for journeyman electricians in your area.\\nIn the United States, the overall income range is between $37K and 81K. The firm you work for has a huge impact on your overall salary, as well as geography and your level of work experience. If you are at the top end of earners in this profession, you may benefit from bonuses and profit sharing.\\nStarting pay for a first year apprentice is usually not too much more than minimum wage.\\n1-3. Don’t let your gender identity hold you back.\\nMost journeymen electrician are still men. But there are more women getting involved in the electrical trade so, if you identify as female, you should go for it! Trade unions and women in trades organizations are trying to get more women involved in the electrical trade, so take advantage of resources directed to women in trades. You may also be interested to hear that most women report positive experiences working as journeymen electricians.\\nIf you are a woman in the electrical trade, you may want to be mindful of favoritism.\\nFemale electricians report that it is important to know when to accept or turn down help from male colleagues. You can lose respect if you accept too much help.\\n2. Getting Qualified\\n2-1. Get your high school diploma.\\nYou will need a high school diploma to become a journeyman electrician. If you are career transitioning as an adult and do not currently have a high school diploma, you should get your GED or high school equivalency. However, if you have not finished school and are considering this career, you should finish high school as a first step.\\nYou can study for the GED at a local community college, which might have online courses for this purpose.\\nTo get your GED, you will need to take the exam or test that is administered by your local state.\\n2-2. Get a job as a helper.\\nAs a helper, you can prepare tools and materials for the electricians, dig ditches and do other manual labor. If you do well in this position, you can land a paid apprenticeship or enroll in a program at a vocational college.\\nYou do not need any special qualifications to be an electrician’s helper.\\nIt is expected that helpers have a basic working knowledge of electrical safety, hand tools and electrical construction methods.\\nAs a helper, will you to learn to identify the large assortment of tools and materials in the electrical trade.\\nWage increases come with progression to 2nd, 3rd and 4th year helpers.\\n2-3. Enroll in an electrician program at a vocational college.\\nVocational training at the college or trade school level is not absolutely necessary for becoming a journeyman electrician. However, because this training will give you a heads up and open up opportunities for an apprenticeship, you should look at enrolling in an electrician program in your area.\\nYou can learn about electrical codes, electrical theory and workplace safety, amongst other topics, at an electrician program.\\nOne of the advantages of completing an electrician program is that you will be better prepared for the tests and interview process involved in becoming an apprentice.\\nThe technical school training can be obtained after high school, or as part of the high school curriculum in a vocational/technical high school.\\nThe IBEW (International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers) offers paid training for a limited number of interested candidates. IBEW training is typically 4 years in duration, but may also vary by local area.\\nMost branches of the U.S. armed forces provide paid training and generous benefits to those that choose this career path at the time of enlistment.\\n2-4. Apply for an apprenticeship.\\nAfter completing your electrician program, you should find an apprenticeship through a job board or an electricians organization. At this stage, you should also think about whether you want to train for a particular specialty, such as outside lineman, inside lineman, VDV installer technician or residential lineman.\\nYou can find an apprenticeship through The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), The National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA), or Independent Electrical Contractors (IEC).\\nBe sure to choose an apprenticeship where you'll be paid on payroll. Otherwise, the hours you work may not count toward your license.\\n2-5. Pass the apprenticeship application process.\\nYou may need to pass an aptitude test prior to starting the apprenticeship, which will involve some arithmetic, algebra and comprehension skills. However, the aptitude test is only required for some apprenticeships. You may also need to pass a drug test and show you have some level of hands-on, mechanical aptitude. After the aptitude test and passing any other specific requirements, you will complete an interview to determine your suitability for the position.\\nFor the IBEW inside wireman and limited energy technician apprenticeship programs, you have to do an aptitude test focused on basic math and reading. The math portion consists of 33 questions that you have to answer in 46 minutes. The reading part consists of 36 questions that you have to answer in 51 minutes.\\nIf your apprenticeship program requires an aptitude test, you should prepare by brushing up on your basic math skills. Most people who fail say they wished they had spent more time studying for the math part of the exam.\\nIf you fail the aptitude test for an IBEW apprenticeship, you will have to wait at least six months before doing it again.\\nIf you are female or a minority, your local trade union should be eager to find you an apprenticeship, since they are trying to build a more diverse workforce.\\nAlthough there are increased training opportunities for female electricians, it can still take up to a year to get accepted into an apprenticeship.\\n2-6. Check to see if you need to register as an apprentice in your jurisdiction.\\nSome places require you to register as an electrician trainee or apprentice, so you should check with your local department of labor before beginning your apprenticeship. If you do need to register, you will just be asked to fill out a few forms.\\n2-7. Complete your apprenticeship.\\nYour apprenticeship will last around four years and will include a mix of on-the-job and classroom training. During this period, you will get to learn all about construction blueprints, the national electric code, wiring, lighting fixtures, testing and inspection of electrical systems. You will also earn an hourly wage, which is typically around half of what you will end up earning as a certified journeyman electrician.\\nIn many places, you can only take the test to get your journeyman license after completing a certain number of school hours as well as working as an apprentice for a certain number of hours.\\n3. Getting Licensed\\n3-1. Determine the licensing requirements for your jurisdiction.\\nSince the requirements for becoming a licensed electrician differ substantially depending on where you work, you will need to contact your local licensing board to find out specific requirements. Typically, getting licensed will require having worked a certain number of hours in the field, studied the profession in a classroom setting for a certain number of hours and completion of a licensing exam.\\nSome regions do not require an exam.\\nThe specific number of work and study hours varies substantially by region.\\nIn California, you need to have registered as a trainee, completed 720 hours of classroom time, 8,000 hours of on-the-job experience and passed a state certification exam.\\nIf you live in the province of Ontario, you’ll need to do the Certificate of Qualification exam.\\nLicensing assures employers and the public of a minimum level of competency.\\n3-2. Study the Electrical Code.\\nMost licensing authorities and electrical wiring inspectors use the National Electrical Code (NEC) for electrical code enforcement. Determine if the version used for enforcement is the NEC, or other state, county or city code. Familiarize yourself with the codes for the area where you plan to work.\\n3-3. Prepare for testing\\nIf your jurisdiction requires an exam in order to become a licensed electrician, you should figure out the format of the exam. In some regions, tests involve a mix of multiple choice, essay, computation, practical (hands on) and verbal examination. Many licensing authorities make use of a two-part examination, including a written test and a practical examination. The practical is designed to identify individuals that have never really performed the work in the field but have a very good understanding of the code.\\nSome jurisdictions, such as New Jersey, do not require an exam as part of the licensing process.\\nUse of the electrical code book may or may not be permitted during the exam.\\nObtaining aides for the particular type exam offered can be a wise investment.\\n3-4. Pass the licensing exam for your jurisdiction.\\nOnce you have completed your four years of apprenticeship training, you can go ahead and take your licensing exam. The exams are administered by state licensing boards, so you’ll need to contact them to find out about the exam. The licensing board may also have a requirement for a certain number of hours working in the field. Once you have passed the local licensing requirements, such as number of hours and exam, you can go ahead and work as a certified electrician.\\nIn some states, like New York, cities administer the licensing exams. If you live in one of these states, you’ll need to contact the city licensing board to find out about exams.\\nWhile there are locations that have no licensing, many others require multiple licenses such as state, county or city license(s).\\nMany licensing authorities require that a minimum amount of documented time has been spent working in the trade to be eligible for license examination. It is not uncommon for 6,000 to 8,000-hour minimum time requirements.\\nExamples of documentation include tax information (W-4) or pay stubs, school transcripts (if claiming time spent attending a technical school), etc.\\n4. Advancing Your Career\\n4-1. Find a job with a local contractor.\\nYou can search for a position as a certified electrician with a construction company or contractor. If you completed your training through a college or trade school, you could see if they have a career center that can help you. You could also look on the website of the National Electrical Contractors Association.\\n4-2. Start your own business.\\nIf you feel confident in your business and management skills, you could start your own business as a journeyman electrician. You’ll be able to work for yourself and focus on the kinds of projects that you enjoy!\\nYou could also take a course or program that focuses on business in the trades.\\n4-3. Become a master electrician.\\nAfter working for a number of years, you can take the exam to become a master electrician. You can make more money and find better opportunities as a master electrician. Find out the requirements in your jurisdiction, which may involve both a certain number of hours working as an electrician and some educational qualifications.\\nTips\\nSome larger employers offer classroom training at night or on weekends.\\nSince it will take 3, 4 or more years to become a journeyman electrician, it is best to start young.\\nVocational/technical high school education is ideal for many trade occupations, due to the amount of time needed to become proficient and knowledgeable electrician.\\nWarnings\\nTime spent performing electrical maintenance work in factories and other locations will most likely not count towards the hours needed for licensing. The time spent performing that type of work will not qualify for credit towards license examination in many jurisdictions.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a journeyman electrician is an exciting and reputable career choice. You will be responsible for installing, inspecting and managing electrical systems. You can work outside as an outside wireman, be a residential wireman with a building contractor or manage electrical systems inside a building. You can earn money while you do your apprenticeship and eventually move up to the level of master electrician.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understanding the Trade\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with possible lines of work.\", \"描述\": \"Journeymen electricians install electrical systems in homes and businesses. They inspect and repair wiring, transformers and circuit breakers. As a journeyman electrician, you could work as an outside lineman or an inside wireman. Once you have worked as a journeyman for a period, you can eventually become a master electrician.\\nAs an outside wireman or journeyman lineman, you work on all of the electrical lines that connect power generation to the power meter. In this role, you spend more time outside, such as fixing the wiring on poles and towers.\\nAs an inside wireman or inside journeyman, you maintain the electrical systems inside a building.\\nThe term \\\"journeyman\\\" is often a level of license that is followed by the next level \\\"master electrician.”\\nThere are many areas in this profession, such as industrial wiring, factory wiring, as well as wiring data, alarm and telecom systems. The field is full of opportunities.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn about journeyman electrician salaries in your area.\", \"描述\": \"Since the average salaries for journeyman electrician varies a lot depending on geography, firm and experience, you should search career sites to find relevant salaries in your region. For instance, you could search Glassdoor or similar websites to find the average salaries for journeyman electricians in your area.\\nIn the United States, the overall income range is between $37K and 81K. The firm you work for has a huge impact on your overall salary, as well as geography and your level of work experience. If you are at the top end of earners in this profession, you may benefit from bonuses and profit sharing.\\nStarting pay for a first year apprentice is usually not too much more than minimum wage.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don’t let your gender identity hold you back.\", \"描述\": \"Most journeymen electrician are still men. But there are more women getting involved in the electrical trade so, if you identify as female, you should go for it! Trade unions and women in trades organizations are trying to get more women involved in the electrical trade, so take advantage of resources directed to women in trades. You may also be interested to hear that most women report positive experiences working as journeymen electricians.\\nIf you are a woman in the electrical trade, you may want to be mindful of favoritism.\\nFemale electricians report that it is important to know when to accept or turn down help from male colleagues. You can lose respect if you accept too much help.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Qualified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get your high school diploma.\", \"描述\": \"You will need a high school diploma to become a journeyman electrician. If you are career transitioning as an adult and do not currently have a high school diploma, you should get your GED or high school equivalency. However, if you have not finished school and are considering this career, you should finish high school as a first step.\\nYou can study for the GED at a local community college, which might have online courses for this purpose.\\nTo get your GED, you will need to take the exam or test that is administered by your local state.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a job as a helper.\", \"描述\": \"As a helper, you can prepare tools and materials for the electricians, dig ditches and do other manual labor. If you do well in this position, you can land a paid apprenticeship or enroll in a program at a vocational college.\\nYou do not need any special qualifications to be an electrician’s helper.\\nIt is expected that helpers have a basic working knowledge of electrical safety, hand tools and electrical construction methods.\\nAs a helper, will you to learn to identify the large assortment of tools and materials in the electrical trade.\\nWage increases come with progression to 2nd, 3rd and 4th year helpers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enroll in an electrician program at a vocational college.\", \"描述\": \"Vocational training at the college or trade school level is not absolutely necessary for becoming a journeyman electrician. However, because this training will give you a heads up and open up opportunities for an apprenticeship, you should look at enrolling in an electrician program in your area.\\nYou can learn about electrical codes, electrical theory and workplace safety, amongst other topics, at an electrician program.\\nOne of the advantages of completing an electrician program is that you will be better prepared for the tests and interview process involved in becoming an apprentice.\\nThe technical school training can be obtained after high school, or as part of the high school curriculum in a vocational/technical high school.\\nThe IBEW (International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers) offers paid training for a limited number of interested candidates. IBEW training is typically 4 years in duration, but may also vary by local area.\\nMost branches of the U.S. armed forces provide paid training and generous benefits to those that choose this career path at the time of enlistment.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for an apprenticeship.\", \"描述\": \"After completing your electrician program, you should find an apprenticeship through a job board or an electricians organization. At this stage, you should also think about whether you want to train for a particular specialty, such as outside lineman, inside lineman, VDV installer technician or residential lineman.\\nYou can find an apprenticeship through The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), The National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA), or Independent Electrical Contractors (IEC).\\nBe sure to choose an apprenticeship where you'll be paid on payroll. Otherwise, the hours you work may not count toward your license.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pass the apprenticeship application process.\", \"描述\": \"You may need to pass an aptitude test prior to starting the apprenticeship, which will involve some arithmetic, algebra and comprehension skills. However, the aptitude test is only required for some apprenticeships. You may also need to pass a drug test and show you have some level of hands-on, mechanical aptitude. After the aptitude test and passing any other specific requirements, you will complete an interview to determine your suitability for the position.\\nFor the IBEW inside wireman and limited energy technician apprenticeship programs, you have to do an aptitude test focused on basic math and reading. The math portion consists of 33 questions that you have to answer in 46 minutes. The reading part consists of 36 questions that you have to answer in 51 minutes.\\nIf your apprenticeship program requires an aptitude test, you should prepare by brushing up on your basic math skills. Most people who fail say they wished they had spent more time studying for the math part of the exam.\\nIf you fail the aptitude test for an IBEW apprenticeship, you will have to wait at least six months before doing it again.\\nIf you are female or a minority, your local trade union should be eager to find you an apprenticeship, since they are trying to build a more diverse workforce.\\nAlthough there are increased training opportunities for female electricians, it can still take up to a year to get accepted into an apprenticeship.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Check to see if you need to register as an apprentice in your jurisdiction.\", \"描述\": \"Some places require you to register as an electrician trainee or apprentice, so you should check with your local department of labor before beginning your apprenticeship. If you do need to register, you will just be asked to fill out a few forms.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Complete your apprenticeship.\", \"描述\": \"Your apprenticeship will last around four years and will include a mix of on-the-job and classroom training. During this period, you will get to learn all about construction blueprints, the national electric code, wiring, lighting fixtures, testing and inspection of electrical systems. You will also earn an hourly wage, which is typically around half of what you will end up earning as a certified journeyman electrician.\\nIn many places, you can only take the test to get your journeyman license after completing a certain number of school hours as well as working as an apprentice for a certain number of hours.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Licensed\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine the licensing requirements for your jurisdiction.\", \"描述\": \"Since the requirements for becoming a licensed electrician differ substantially depending on where you work, you will need to contact your local licensing board to find out specific requirements. Typically, getting licensed will require having worked a certain number of hours in the field, studied the profession in a classroom setting for a certain number of hours and completion of a licensing exam.\\nSome regions do not require an exam.\\nThe specific number of work and study hours varies substantially by region.\\nIn California, you need to have registered as a trainee, completed 720 hours of classroom time, 8,000 hours of on-the-job experience and passed a state certification exam.\\nIf you live in the province of Ontario, you’ll need to do the Certificate of Qualification exam.\\nLicensing assures employers and the public of a minimum level of competency.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study the Electrical Code.\", \"描述\": \"Most licensing authorities and electrical wiring inspectors use the National Electrical Code (NEC) for electrical code enforcement. Determine if the version used for enforcement is the NEC, or other state, county or city code. Familiarize yourself with the codes for the area where you plan to work.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare for testing\", \"描述\": \"If your jurisdiction requires an exam in order to become a licensed electrician, you should figure out the format of the exam. In some regions, tests involve a mix of multiple choice, essay, computation, practical (hands on) and verbal examination. Many licensing authorities make use of a two-part examination, including a written test and a practical examination. The practical is designed to identify individuals that have never really performed the work in the field but have a very good understanding of the code.\\nSome jurisdictions, such as New Jersey, do not require an exam as part of the licensing process.\\nUse of the electrical code book may or may not be permitted during the exam.\\nObtaining aides for the particular type exam offered can be a wise investment.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pass the licensing exam for your jurisdiction.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have completed your four years of apprenticeship training, you can go ahead and take your licensing exam. The exams are administered by state licensing boards, so you’ll need to contact them to find out about the exam. The licensing board may also have a requirement for a certain number of hours working in the field. Once you have passed the local licensing requirements, such as number of hours and exam, you can go ahead and work as a certified electrician.\\nIn some states, like New York, cities administer the licensing exams. If you live in one of these states, you’ll need to contact the city licensing board to find out about exams.\\nWhile there are locations that have no licensing, many others require multiple licenses such as state, county or city license(s).\\nMany licensing authorities require that a minimum amount of documented time has been spent working in the trade to be eligible for license examination. It is not uncommon for 6,000 to 8,000-hour minimum time requirements.\\nExamples of documentation include tax information (W-4) or pay stubs, school transcripts (if claiming time spent attending a technical school), etc.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Advancing Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a job with a local contractor.\", \"描述\": \"You can search for a position as a certified electrician with a construction company or contractor. If you completed your training through a college or trade school, you could see if they have a career center that can help you. You could also look on the website of the National Electrical Contractors Association.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start your own business.\", \"描述\": \"If you feel confident in your business and management skills, you could start your own business as a journeyman electrician. You’ll be able to work for yourself and focus on the kinds of projects that you enjoy!\\nYou could also take a course or program that focuses on business in the trades.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Become a master electrician.\", \"描述\": \"After working for a number of years, you can take the exam to become a master electrician. You can make more money and find better opportunities as a master electrician. Find out the requirements in your jurisdiction, which may involve both a certain number of hours working as an electrician and some educational qualifications.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Some larger employers offer classroom training at night or on weekends.\\n\", \"Since it will take 3, 4 or more years to become a journeyman electrician, it is best to start young.\\n\", \"Vocational/technical high school education is ideal for many trade occupations, due to the amount of time needed to become proficient and knowledgeable electrician.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Time spent performing electrical maintenance work in factories and other locations will most likely not count towards the hours needed for licensing. The time spent performing that type of work will not qualify for credit towards license examination in many jurisdictions.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,464 |
How to Become a Judge
|
1. Meeting the Educational Requirements
1-1. Obtain a bachelor's degree from a 4-year university.
To prepare yourself for getting into a top-notch law school, attend the best university possible. Ivy league schools such as Harvard, Yale and Princeton will prepare you well for law school. However, prestigious law schools often accept students from much smaller undergraduate institutions. Making sure that you participate in extracurricular activities like debate, and preparing well for the LSAT, are the most important things to remember while earning your bachelor's degree.
1-2. There is no specific major requirement, but many law school applicants have bachelor of arts (BA) degrees in subjects like political science, sociology, history, business and economics.
Every discipline has application to the field of law and therefore your future role as a judge. The more rigorous your undergraduate courses, the better prepared you will be for law school.
Your performance in college will determine whether you're accepted into law school, so get the highest grades possible. Complete assignments promptly, keep up with your reading, and study adequately for exams.
Get real-world experience by completing an internship at a law firm during your undergraduate years. The sooner you get familiar with the legal world, the better.
1-3. Apply to law school.
It takes many years to work your way to a judgeship, so you may want to attend law school as soon as you graduate from college. Apply to top law schools in areas where you might want to eventually practice law.
Ace the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). It's important to score as highly as possible. Competition for getting into law school is notoriously high, and even more so at the best law schools in the country. People who go on to be judges are usually top scorers.
Consider signing up for an LSAT preparatory course or hiring a private tutor to help you excel and receive a top score.
If you are dissatisfied with your LSAT score, you can take the test again before applying to law school.
Write intelligent, interesting personal statements. The ability to research, write and think analytically are key in law school. Show that you're a top candidate by putting a lot of time and thought into your personal statements and writing samples.
1-4. Complete law school.
Most law schools offer a 3-year program, and upon completion you receive a Juris Doctor degree. Don't let up on your commitment to getting good grades and being at the top of your class now; you'll need to stand out from your classmates as one of the best if you want to land a prestigious job after school.
During the first year of law school, students learn the fundamentals of law, such as civil procedure, contracts, and torts. In the next two years, elective courses in specialized fields of law such as family law and tax law are offered.
It's essential that you get experience working with lawyers while you're in law school. Set up a meeting with the career services office at your school to find out about internship opportunities in your area.
1-5. Pass a bar exam.
The bar exam is a test designed by the American Bar Association to determine whether a candidate is qualified to practice law in his or her jurisdiction. Each state has its own bar exam, and you will need to pass the exam in the state where you wish to practice. Bar exams in different states vary in their level of difficulty and pass/fail rates.
Enroll in a bar preparatory course. There are a few different programs for bar review, the most popular of which are Barbri and Kaplan.
Take the bar as soon as possible after graduating law school so that the information is fresh. If you don't pass the bar the first time you take it, you can try again.
2. Gaining Experience
2-1. Work as an attorney.
Judges must work as attorneys prior to attaining a judgeship. Attorneys represent clients before a court and in other legal proceedings to resolve disputes and protect their clients' interests.
There are a variety of fields that a lawyer can specialize in, including immigration law, corporate law, tax law, civil rights law, environmental law, and intellectual property law. Choose a field that you are passionate about.
When you are first starting out, apply for entry-level law positions at law firms and offices in your state.
2-2. Spend a lot of time in the courtroom.
Being a prosecutor or government attorney offers a unique chance to become intimately familiar with the way the bench operates. If you're drawn to this setting and prefer to spend your time in front of a judge rather than doing legal research, pursuing a position as a judge may be the right choice for you.
It isn't mandatory to be a prosecutor to become a judge, but the majority of people who apply and are appointed to judgeships have a plenty of prosecutorial experience.
Spending time in the courtroom is also beneficial because it gives standing judges and other people whose support you may later need the chance to get to know you. Do your best to become a regular, high-profile presence in your local court system.
2-3. Prepare yourself to be a good judge.
The path to obtaining a judgeship is about more than networking your way to the top. It's just as important to hone and display traits that you will need to take on the authority and honor of having the power to make tough legal decisions.
Be respectful toward judicial assistants, court reporters, and the opposing counsel. Your job as an attorney is to advance justice, not disrupt court proceeding for the sake of advancing your own career.
Display dignity and patience under stress. If you lose your temper or reveal an unfair bias during a heated moment, you won't be taken as seriously as a judicial candidate when the time comes to apply.
Develop empathy for a broad range of people. As a judge, you will need to be a good listener to people from all walks of life. Every person deserves the same thoughtful, balanced, legally-accurate and just consideration, and it's your responsibility to deliver that.
3. Pursuing a Judgeship
3-1. Apply for a judgeship in your state.
Candidates apply for judgeships through a judicial nominating commission, or can be recommended by senators or other politicians. Either way, candidates must go through a lengthy application process. At the end of the process, they may be elected or appointed to work as judges, depending on the jurisdiction.
Federal, state, and local judges have fixed or renewable terms of office, while some federal judges are appointed to lifelong terms.
Be ready to disclose personal information in your application. A judge's past mistakes are always revealed, and sometimes they are rehashed in the press. You will be asked about your involvement in past lawsuits, treatment or counseling you have received for substance abuse, and so on.
Send an application to bar associations. In addition to applying for a judgeship through the state supreme court, it's necessary to be evaluated by bar associations that may be influential judicial decision-making. Bar associations have the power to either recommend or choose not to recommend you for a judgeship, so these applications should be taken seriously.
Apply more than once. Most people don't obtain a judgeship on the first try. In fact, failing the first time is almost considered to be a prerequisite for eventually getting a judgeship. Go through the application process again, continuing to garner support from judges and show your talent and qualifications in the courtroom.
3-2. Get to know the judges in your district.
Aside from having a thorough, well written application, the best thing you can do to enhance your chance of obtaining a judgeship is to get to know the judges. They will be more likely to support a candidate whom they know and respect.
Continue appearing in court so that judges get used to your presence. Argue motions and try cases as often as possible.
Attend conferences, meetings, and other events where you have the chance to speak one-on-one with judges.
Support other people, so they'll support you. Don't expect to win people's support without putting in effort to help them succeed, too.
3-3. Win an election.
Depending on what judgeship you're pursuing, you may have to be elected, rather than appointed, for the role. In some cases you may win a temporary appointment with the understanding you will run for the position as a sitting judge. In any case, you must act as part of a political party and run a campaign to get or keep the seat.
Be a people person. Running for an elective judicial office is like running for other political offices; you must have an appealing public persona that makes people want to vote for you.
Raise money. All campaigns involve raising enough money to make you a viable contender. This isn't easy to do, but it's absolutely necessary.
3-4. Complete the necessary training.
Once you have been elected or appointed, you will need to complete certain introductory training programs or seminars before you can start practicing as a judge. Trainees may participate in court trials, review legal publications, and complete online exercises. Training may continue throughout your career to ensure you're informed about the latest changes to the law.
Tips
The defendant is innocent until proven guilty.
The expected job growth rate for judges between 2010 and 2020 is 7%.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:04",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Educational Requirements\\n1-1. Obtain a bachelor's degree from a 4-year university.\\nTo prepare yourself for getting into a top-notch law school, attend the best university possible. Ivy league schools such as Harvard, Yale and Princeton will prepare you well for law school. However, prestigious law schools often accept students from much smaller undergraduate institutions. Making sure that you participate in extracurricular activities like debate, and preparing well for the LSAT, are the most important things to remember while earning your bachelor's degree.\\n1-2. There is no specific major requirement, but many law school applicants have bachelor of arts (BA) degrees in subjects like political science, sociology, history, business and economics.\\nEvery discipline has application to the field of law and therefore your future role as a judge. The more rigorous your undergraduate courses, the better prepared you will be for law school. \\nYour performance in college will determine whether you're accepted into law school, so get the highest grades possible. Complete assignments promptly, keep up with your reading, and study adequately for exams.\\nGet real-world experience by completing an internship at a law firm during your undergraduate years. The sooner you get familiar with the legal world, the better.\\n1-3. Apply to law school.\\nIt takes many years to work your way to a judgeship, so you may want to attend law school as soon as you graduate from college. Apply to top law schools in areas where you might want to eventually practice law.\\nAce the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). It's important to score as highly as possible. Competition for getting into law school is notoriously high, and even more so at the best law schools in the country. People who go on to be judges are usually top scorers.\\nConsider signing up for an LSAT preparatory course or hiring a private tutor to help you excel and receive a top score.\\nIf you are dissatisfied with your LSAT score, you can take the test again before applying to law school.\\n\\nWrite intelligent, interesting personal statements. The ability to research, write and think analytically are key in law school. Show that you're a top candidate by putting a lot of time and thought into your personal statements and writing samples.\\n1-4. Complete law school.\\nMost law schools offer a 3-year program, and upon completion you receive a Juris Doctor degree. Don't let up on your commitment to getting good grades and being at the top of your class now; you'll need to stand out from your classmates as one of the best if you want to land a prestigious job after school. \\nDuring the first year of law school, students learn the fundamentals of law, such as civil procedure, contracts, and torts. In the next two years, elective courses in specialized fields of law such as family law and tax law are offered.\\nIt's essential that you get experience working with lawyers while you're in law school. Set up a meeting with the career services office at your school to find out about internship opportunities in your area.\\n1-5. Pass a bar exam.\\nThe bar exam is a test designed by the American Bar Association to determine whether a candidate is qualified to practice law in his or her jurisdiction. Each state has its own bar exam, and you will need to pass the exam in the state where you wish to practice. Bar exams in different states vary in their level of difficulty and pass/fail rates.\\nEnroll in a bar preparatory course. There are a few different programs for bar review, the most popular of which are Barbri and Kaplan.\\nTake the bar as soon as possible after graduating law school so that the information is fresh. If you don't pass the bar the first time you take it, you can try again.\\n2. Gaining Experience\\n2-1. Work as an attorney.\\nJudges must work as attorneys prior to attaining a judgeship. Attorneys represent clients before a court and in other legal proceedings to resolve disputes and protect their clients' interests.\\nThere are a variety of fields that a lawyer can specialize in, including immigration law, corporate law, tax law, civil rights law, environmental law, and intellectual property law. Choose a field that you are passionate about.\\nWhen you are first starting out, apply for entry-level law positions at law firms and offices in your state.\\n2-2. Spend a lot of time in the courtroom.\\nBeing a prosecutor or government attorney offers a unique chance to become intimately familiar with the way the bench operates. If you're drawn to this setting and prefer to spend your time in front of a judge rather than doing legal research, pursuing a position as a judge may be the right choice for you.\\nIt isn't mandatory to be a prosecutor to become a judge, but the majority of people who apply and are appointed to judgeships have a plenty of prosecutorial experience.\\nSpending time in the courtroom is also beneficial because it gives standing judges and other people whose support you may later need the chance to get to know you. Do your best to become a regular, high-profile presence in your local court system.\\n2-3. Prepare yourself to be a good judge.\\nThe path to obtaining a judgeship is about more than networking your way to the top. It's just as important to hone and display traits that you will need to take on the authority and honor of having the power to make tough legal decisions.\\nBe respectful toward judicial assistants, court reporters, and the opposing counsel. Your job as an attorney is to advance justice, not disrupt court proceeding for the sake of advancing your own career.\\nDisplay dignity and patience under stress. If you lose your temper or reveal an unfair bias during a heated moment, you won't be taken as seriously as a judicial candidate when the time comes to apply.\\nDevelop empathy for a broad range of people. As a judge, you will need to be a good listener to people from all walks of life. Every person deserves the same thoughtful, balanced, legally-accurate and just consideration, and it's your responsibility to deliver that.\\n3. Pursuing a Judgeship\\n3-1. Apply for a judgeship in your state.\\nCandidates apply for judgeships through a judicial nominating commission, or can be recommended by senators or other politicians. Either way, candidates must go through a lengthy application process. At the end of the process, they may be elected or appointed to work as judges, depending on the jurisdiction.\\nFederal, state, and local judges have fixed or renewable terms of office, while some federal judges are appointed to lifelong terms.\\nBe ready to disclose personal information in your application. A judge's past mistakes are always revealed, and sometimes they are rehashed in the press. You will be asked about your involvement in past lawsuits, treatment or counseling you have received for substance abuse, and so on.\\nSend an application to bar associations. In addition to applying for a judgeship through the state supreme court, it's necessary to be evaluated by bar associations that may be influential judicial decision-making. Bar associations have the power to either recommend or choose not to recommend you for a judgeship, so these applications should be taken seriously.\\nApply more than once. Most people don't obtain a judgeship on the first try. In fact, failing the first time is almost considered to be a prerequisite for eventually getting a judgeship. Go through the application process again, continuing to garner support from judges and show your talent and qualifications in the courtroom.\\n3-2. Get to know the judges in your district.\\nAside from having a thorough, well written application, the best thing you can do to enhance your chance of obtaining a judgeship is to get to know the judges. They will be more likely to support a candidate whom they know and respect.\\nContinue appearing in court so that judges get used to your presence. Argue motions and try cases as often as possible.\\nAttend conferences, meetings, and other events where you have the chance to speak one-on-one with judges.\\nSupport other people, so they'll support you. Don't expect to win people's support without putting in effort to help them succeed, too.\\n3-3. Win an election.\\nDepending on what judgeship you're pursuing, you may have to be elected, rather than appointed, for the role. In some cases you may win a temporary appointment with the understanding you will run for the position as a sitting judge. In any case, you must act as part of a political party and run a campaign to get or keep the seat.\\nBe a people person. Running for an elective judicial office is like running for other political offices; you must have an appealing public persona that makes people want to vote for you.\\nRaise money. All campaigns involve raising enough money to make you a viable contender. This isn't easy to do, but it's absolutely necessary.\\n3-4. Complete the necessary training.\\nOnce you have been elected or appointed, you will need to complete certain introductory training programs or seminars before you can start practicing as a judge. Trainees may participate in court trials, review legal publications, and complete online exercises. Training may continue throughout your career to ensure you're informed about the latest changes to the law.\\nTips\\nThe defendant is innocent until proven guilty.\\nThe expected job growth rate for judges between 2010 and 2020 is 7%.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The road to becoming a judge is a lengthy one, but it can lead to a rewarding career in the judicial field. If you have a passion for fairness and justice, becoming a judge may be the right choice for you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Educational Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain a bachelor's degree from a 4-year university.\", \"描述\": \"To prepare yourself for getting into a top-notch law school, attend the best university possible. Ivy league schools such as Harvard, Yale and Princeton will prepare you well for law school. However, prestigious law schools often accept students from much smaller undergraduate institutions. Making sure that you participate in extracurricular activities like debate, and preparing well for the LSAT, are the most important things to remember while earning your bachelor's degree.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"There is no specific major requirement, but many law school applicants have bachelor of arts (BA) degrees in subjects like political science, sociology, history, business and economics.\", \"描述\": \"Every discipline has application to the field of law and therefore your future role as a judge. The more rigorous your undergraduate courses, the better prepared you will be for law school. \\nYour performance in college will determine whether you're accepted into law school, so get the highest grades possible. Complete assignments promptly, keep up with your reading, and study adequately for exams.\\nGet real-world experience by completing an internship at a law firm during your undergraduate years. The sooner you get familiar with the legal world, the better.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply to law school.\", \"描述\": \"It takes many years to work your way to a judgeship, so you may want to attend law school as soon as you graduate from college. Apply to top law schools in areas where you might want to eventually practice law.\\nAce the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). It's important to score as highly as possible. Competition for getting into law school is notoriously high, and even more so at the best law schools in the country. People who go on to be judges are usually top scorers.\\nConsider signing up for an LSAT preparatory course or hiring a private tutor to help you excel and receive a top score.\\nIf you are dissatisfied with your LSAT score, you can take the test again before applying to law school.\\n\\nWrite intelligent, interesting personal statements. The ability to research, write and think analytically are key in law school. Show that you're a top candidate by putting a lot of time and thought into your personal statements and writing samples.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete law school.\", \"描述\": \"Most law schools offer a 3-year program, and upon completion you receive a Juris Doctor degree. Don't let up on your commitment to getting good grades and being at the top of your class now; you'll need to stand out from your classmates as one of the best if you want to land a prestigious job after school. \\nDuring the first year of law school, students learn the fundamentals of law, such as civil procedure, contracts, and torts. In the next two years, elective courses in specialized fields of law such as family law and tax law are offered.\\nIt's essential that you get experience working with lawyers while you're in law school. Set up a meeting with the career services office at your school to find out about internship opportunities in your area.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Pass a bar exam.\", \"描述\": \"The bar exam is a test designed by the American Bar Association to determine whether a candidate is qualified to practice law in his or her jurisdiction. Each state has its own bar exam, and you will need to pass the exam in the state where you wish to practice. Bar exams in different states vary in their level of difficulty and pass/fail rates.\\nEnroll in a bar preparatory course. There are a few different programs for bar review, the most popular of which are Barbri and Kaplan.\\nTake the bar as soon as possible after graduating law school so that the information is fresh. If you don't pass the bar the first time you take it, you can try again.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work as an attorney.\", \"描述\": \"Judges must work as attorneys prior to attaining a judgeship. Attorneys represent clients before a court and in other legal proceedings to resolve disputes and protect their clients' interests.\\nThere are a variety of fields that a lawyer can specialize in, including immigration law, corporate law, tax law, civil rights law, environmental law, and intellectual property law. Choose a field that you are passionate about.\\nWhen you are first starting out, apply for entry-level law positions at law firms and offices in your state.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Spend a lot of time in the courtroom.\", \"描述\": \"Being a prosecutor or government attorney offers a unique chance to become intimately familiar with the way the bench operates. If you're drawn to this setting and prefer to spend your time in front of a judge rather than doing legal research, pursuing a position as a judge may be the right choice for you.\\nIt isn't mandatory to be a prosecutor to become a judge, but the majority of people who apply and are appointed to judgeships have a plenty of prosecutorial experience.\\nSpending time in the courtroom is also beneficial because it gives standing judges and other people whose support you may later need the chance to get to know you. Do your best to become a regular, high-profile presence in your local court system.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare yourself to be a good judge.\", \"描述\": \"The path to obtaining a judgeship is about more than networking your way to the top. It's just as important to hone and display traits that you will need to take on the authority and honor of having the power to make tough legal decisions.\\nBe respectful toward judicial assistants, court reporters, and the opposing counsel. Your job as an attorney is to advance justice, not disrupt court proceeding for the sake of advancing your own career.\\nDisplay dignity and patience under stress. If you lose your temper or reveal an unfair bias during a heated moment, you won't be taken as seriously as a judicial candidate when the time comes to apply.\\nDevelop empathy for a broad range of people. As a judge, you will need to be a good listener to people from all walks of life. Every person deserves the same thoughtful, balanced, legally-accurate and just consideration, and it's your responsibility to deliver that.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pursuing a Judgeship\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for a judgeship in your state.\", \"描述\": \"Candidates apply for judgeships through a judicial nominating commission, or can be recommended by senators or other politicians. Either way, candidates must go through a lengthy application process. At the end of the process, they may be elected or appointed to work as judges, depending on the jurisdiction.\\nFederal, state, and local judges have fixed or renewable terms of office, while some federal judges are appointed to lifelong terms.\\nBe ready to disclose personal information in your application. A judge's past mistakes are always revealed, and sometimes they are rehashed in the press. You will be asked about your involvement in past lawsuits, treatment or counseling you have received for substance abuse, and so on.\\nSend an application to bar associations. In addition to applying for a judgeship through the state supreme court, it's necessary to be evaluated by bar associations that may be influential judicial decision-making. Bar associations have the power to either recommend or choose not to recommend you for a judgeship, so these applications should be taken seriously.\\nApply more than once. Most people don't obtain a judgeship on the first try. In fact, failing the first time is almost considered to be a prerequisite for eventually getting a judgeship. Go through the application process again, continuing to garner support from judges and show your talent and qualifications in the courtroom.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get to know the judges in your district.\", \"描述\": \"Aside from having a thorough, well written application, the best thing you can do to enhance your chance of obtaining a judgeship is to get to know the judges. They will be more likely to support a candidate whom they know and respect.\\nContinue appearing in court so that judges get used to your presence. Argue motions and try cases as often as possible.\\nAttend conferences, meetings, and other events where you have the chance to speak one-on-one with judges.\\nSupport other people, so they'll support you. Don't expect to win people's support without putting in effort to help them succeed, too.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Win an election.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on what judgeship you're pursuing, you may have to be elected, rather than appointed, for the role. In some cases you may win a temporary appointment with the understanding you will run for the position as a sitting judge. In any case, you must act as part of a political party and run a campaign to get or keep the seat.\\nBe a people person. Running for an elective judicial office is like running for other political offices; you must have an appealing public persona that makes people want to vote for you.\\nRaise money. All campaigns involve raising enough money to make you a viable contender. This isn't easy to do, but it's absolutely necessary.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete the necessary training.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have been elected or appointed, you will need to complete certain introductory training programs or seminars before you can start practicing as a judge. Trainees may participate in court trials, review legal publications, and complete online exercises. Training may continue throughout your career to ensure you're informed about the latest changes to the law.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The defendant is innocent until proven guilty.\\n\", \"The expected job growth rate for judges between 2010 and 2020 is 7%.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,465 |
How to Become a Jungian Analyst
|
1. Getting an Education and License
1-1. Earn a high school diploma or GED if you don’t have one already.
If you’re still in high school, take electives in psychology or sociology so you understand the field of study more. Be sure to participate during discussions and in-class work so you earn the best grades. If you didn’t graduate from high school, look for a GED program in your area so you can earn your equivalency diploma.
Opt for advanced placement courses if they’re available at your school to potentially earn college credits.
If you work a regular job, check for GED courses at night so you can continue working while getting an education.
Speech classes can also help improve your communication skills.
1-2. Get a bachelor’s degree in psychology.
Apply to a university that offers a degree in psychology so you’re able to continue learning. Take all of the required coursework for the major, which may include family therapy, behavioral science, and social psychology. Be sure to take notes and pay close attention during your lectures and classes so you can do well throughout college.
See if your college has any professional groups or clubs based around psychology so you can get involved with others that have similar career interests.
Don’t forget to set aside some time to hang out with friends and relax so you don’t get too stressed. Just make sure you have enough time to complete your homework.
1-3. Attend a master’s program in psychology to further your education.
Choose a school that offers a 2-year master’s degree and fill out the application. While you’re earning your master’s, look for analytical psychology or dream interpretation courses since they’ll be helpful to your training. Set aside time to study and complete your homework so you can earn the best grades since further education can be much more competitive.
The coursework you need to take depends on the master’s program you choose.
1-4. Apply for a psychotherapy doctorate program at an accredited university.
Look up universities that offer a 4- to 5-year program in psychotherapy, which is used to treat mental disorders through psychology rather than medicine. For the first 2–3 years, take any courses or clinical training labs required by the program. During the last few years, work with clients and patients under a licensed professional’s supervision so you can start practicing.
Most Jungian analyst programs require a doctorate, but you may be able to apply to some if you only have your master’s.
1-5. Take the licensure exam for your state to become a certified psychologist.
Usually, you need to practice psychology professionally before you’re able to attend a Jungian analysis program. Sign up for the psychology licensure exam specifically for your state and pay any fees owed from the application. Schedule your exam at one of the test centers closest to you within 90 days of paying your fees. Purchase an Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) study guide and read through it so you know what to expect. Take the test and earn 70% or higher in order to pass.
You can find your nearest exam center here: https://wsr.pearsonvue.com/testtaker/registration/SelectTestCenterProximity/ASPPB?conversationId=1919659.
Your exam usually consists of 225 multiple-choice questions covering behavioral psychology, treatment, and patient assessment over a 4-hour period.
Examination fees vary depending on your location.
2. Earning Certification as a Jungian Analyst
2-1. Apply for a training program accredited by the IAAP.
Check online for Jungian analysis programs in the area where you’re licensed and ensure they’ve been certified by the International Association of Analytical Psychology (IAAP). Check the admissions requirements for the program to make sure you meet the qualifications before submitting an application. Submit any information or letters of recommendation the program requires. If you’re accepted based on your application, you may have to interview with the program to see if you’re a good fit.
Typically, Jungian analysis programs will cost you around $2,000–4,000 USD per year and they last about 4–6 years.
There are several training institutes in large cities all over the world.
2-2. Go through personal analysis with a licensed analyst throughout your studies.
While you’re getting certified, work directly with a licensed Jungian analyst so you can evaluate yourself. Attend 2–3 sessions with the analyst each week and complete any work they want you to do. Open up to the analyst and communicate freely with them so they’re able to assess you better.
Getting evaluated by a Jungian analyst helps you get a better understanding of your own emotions so you can separate your unconscious thoughts from those of your patients.
2-3. Attend classes about Jung’s work during the first 2–3 years.
During your first few years, go to the scheduled classes and lectures so you’re able to learn more about the work Jung has done. Read all of the material you’re given and complete all of your assignments to the best of your ability so you can absorb the most information.
The classes tend to run on nights or weekends so they won’t interfere with your regular work schedule.
Take notes frequently since you’ll retain more information if you write it down yourself.
2-4. Complete the oral or written Propaedeutic exams.
Usually, you may start taking the Propaedeutic, or preparatory, exams in the spring or fall after being in your program for 2 years. Talk to the review committee where you’re studying to see if they think you’re ready to take the exams. If they approve you for the examination, then look over Jung’s writings on analytical psychology and how to interpret dreams to study. During the exams, whether oral or written, explain your answers with evidence from Jung’s work to show that you understand how to apply analytical psychology to a clinical case.
Your exam usually consists of 5–7 individual tests about your knowledge of Jungian psychology, dream interpretation, and the human psyche.
Typically, you will receive an open-book written exam a few weeks before your final test date so you have time to research and write your answers.
If you do not pass the exam, you will have to retake it the following year.
2-5. Practice consulting with patients while being supervised for 2–3 years.
After completing your Propaedeuticum exams, your program will assign you 1–2 patients to work with. Hold sessions with the patients while under the supervision of a certified Jungian analyst. Hold open communication with the patients during the sessions, and discuss how they went with your supervisor when you’re finished. Continue seeing the patients 2–3 times weekly throughout the remainder of the program.
You may also need to attend seminars or lectures during the last half of the program, but they won’t be as frequent as the first half.
2-6. Complete any final theses or exams required by your program to earn certification.
Depending on the program you chose, you may need to write multiple papers on case analysis or Jungian psychology. You may also need to take a written final exam. Research for papers with scholarly sources so you have accurate information. Go over any notes or study guides for the exams so you can do your best when you take them. Once you pass the program, you can include the abbreviation IAAP after your title to signify that you’re a part of the association and a certified Jungian analyst.
Check with your individual program to see the final certification requirements since they can vary.
The lengths of your theses depend on the program you chose, but you will usually need to write over 40 pages.
3. Developing Interpersonal Skills
3-1. Practice active listening so you can connect with other people.
Whenever someone speaks to you, give them your full attention and try to get rid of any distractions. Maintain eye contact with them while they speak and avoid interrupting them. Pay attention to what they’re saying rather than thinking about what you’re going to say next so you’re able to respond more thoughtfully.
As a Jungian analyst, you will have to work with many patients from different backgrounds, so listening to them carefully will help improve the quality of each session.
Try mimicking the other person’s body language or nodding as they speak to make it look like you’re more engaged with them.
Avoid being judgmental of what another person says because you shouldn’t have any bias as a Jungian analyst.
3-2. Communicate with others clearly to improve your conversation skills.
Think about what you’re going to say for a few moments before speaking to help you have a more meaningful conversation. Be articulate with your words so you’re easy to understand without the other person getting confused. If you’re confused by something another person said, ask questions about it so you’re able to get a better understanding of what they meant.
You will have to discuss difficult topics as a Jungian analyst to help get to the root of what’s causing your patient emotional distress.
Ask the other person if they understand what you’re saying if they seem confused so you have an opportunity to explain yourself better. For example, you could ask, “Does that make sense, or do you need more clarification?”
3-3. Show compassion toward other people to empathize with them.
As you talk and work with other people, try to imagine you’ve gone through the same experience to help you understand their feelings more. Actively tell the other person that you care for them and that you’re there to listen to them if they need to talk through anything. Even if you can’t fully comprehend their feelings, try to be available to them and be sympathetic for them.
Patients need to feel comfortable discussing difficult topics with you, so caring for them will make them feel like they can open up to you easier.
3-4. Pay attention to body language so you can learn how to read people.
Look at how people present themselves while you’re talking to them or when they speak. Try to notice common signs that they’re uncomfortable, such as fidgeting frequently, breaking eye contact, or crossing their arms. As you start learning more about the individual and their body language, you may be able to assume how they’re feeling so you know what the other person feels comfortable discussing.
You will have to pay attention to your patients’ body cues to determine topics that confuse them or make them feel uncomfortable.
3-5. See a Jungian analyst regularly to have yourself evaluated.
Look for a Jungian analyst in your area and schedule regular appointments with them to discuss your own emotional stress. Be open with the analyst and try any practices they recommend using, such as keeping a dream journal or reframing negative thoughts so you see the positives. As you work with the analyst, you’ll also get a better understanding of how they work with patients.
Many certification programs require you to be analyzed for at least 100 hours total, but some programs may require you to go more frequently.
If you don’t have any Jungian analysts in your area, you may be able to have video chat sessions online.
Warnings
Jungian analyst training programs are highly competitive, so it may be difficult for you to get accepted into one right away.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:04",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting an Education and License\\n1-1. Earn a high school diploma or GED if you don’t have one already.\\nIf you’re still in high school, take electives in psychology or sociology so you understand the field of study more. Be sure to participate during discussions and in-class work so you earn the best grades. If you didn’t graduate from high school, look for a GED program in your area so you can earn your equivalency diploma.\\nOpt for advanced placement courses if they’re available at your school to potentially earn college credits.\\nIf you work a regular job, check for GED courses at night so you can continue working while getting an education.\\nSpeech classes can also help improve your communication skills.\\n1-2. Get a bachelor’s degree in psychology.\\nApply to a university that offers a degree in psychology so you’re able to continue learning. Take all of the required coursework for the major, which may include family therapy, behavioral science, and social psychology. Be sure to take notes and pay close attention during your lectures and classes so you can do well throughout college.\\nSee if your college has any professional groups or clubs based around psychology so you can get involved with others that have similar career interests.\\nDon’t forget to set aside some time to hang out with friends and relax so you don’t get too stressed. Just make sure you have enough time to complete your homework.\\n1-3. Attend a master’s program in psychology to further your education.\\nChoose a school that offers a 2-year master’s degree and fill out the application. While you’re earning your master’s, look for analytical psychology or dream interpretation courses since they’ll be helpful to your training. Set aside time to study and complete your homework so you can earn the best grades since further education can be much more competitive.\\nThe coursework you need to take depends on the master’s program you choose.\\n1-4. Apply for a psychotherapy doctorate program at an accredited university.\\nLook up universities that offer a 4- to 5-year program in psychotherapy, which is used to treat mental disorders through psychology rather than medicine. For the first 2–3 years, take any courses or clinical training labs required by the program. During the last few years, work with clients and patients under a licensed professional’s supervision so you can start practicing.\\nMost Jungian analyst programs require a doctorate, but you may be able to apply to some if you only have your master’s.\\n1-5. Take the licensure exam for your state to become a certified psychologist.\\nUsually, you need to practice psychology professionally before you’re able to attend a Jungian analysis program. Sign up for the psychology licensure exam specifically for your state and pay any fees owed from the application. Schedule your exam at one of the test centers closest to you within 90 days of paying your fees. Purchase an Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) study guide and read through it so you know what to expect. Take the test and earn 70% or higher in order to pass.\\nYou can find your nearest exam center here: https://wsr.pearsonvue.com/testtaker/registration/SelectTestCenterProximity/ASPPB?conversationId=1919659.\\nYour exam usually consists of 225 multiple-choice questions covering behavioral psychology, treatment, and patient assessment over a 4-hour period.\\nExamination fees vary depending on your location.\\n2. Earning Certification as a Jungian Analyst\\n2-1. Apply for a training program accredited by the IAAP.\\nCheck online for Jungian analysis programs in the area where you’re licensed and ensure they’ve been certified by the International Association of Analytical Psychology (IAAP). Check the admissions requirements for the program to make sure you meet the qualifications before submitting an application. Submit any information or letters of recommendation the program requires. If you’re accepted based on your application, you may have to interview with the program to see if you’re a good fit.\\nTypically, Jungian analysis programs will cost you around $2,000–4,000 USD per year and they last about 4–6 years.\\nThere are several training institutes in large cities all over the world.\\n2-2. Go through personal analysis with a licensed analyst throughout your studies.\\nWhile you’re getting certified, work directly with a licensed Jungian analyst so you can evaluate yourself. Attend 2–3 sessions with the analyst each week and complete any work they want you to do. Open up to the analyst and communicate freely with them so they’re able to assess you better.\\nGetting evaluated by a Jungian analyst helps you get a better understanding of your own emotions so you can separate your unconscious thoughts from those of your patients.\\n2-3. Attend classes about Jung’s work during the first 2–3 years.\\nDuring your first few years, go to the scheduled classes and lectures so you’re able to learn more about the work Jung has done. Read all of the material you’re given and complete all of your assignments to the best of your ability so you can absorb the most information.\\nThe classes tend to run on nights or weekends so they won’t interfere with your regular work schedule.\\nTake notes frequently since you’ll retain more information if you write it down yourself.\\n2-4. Complete the oral or written Propaedeutic exams.\\nUsually, you may start taking the Propaedeutic, or preparatory, exams in the spring or fall after being in your program for 2 years. Talk to the review committee where you’re studying to see if they think you’re ready to take the exams. If they approve you for the examination, then look over Jung’s writings on analytical psychology and how to interpret dreams to study. During the exams, whether oral or written, explain your answers with evidence from Jung’s work to show that you understand how to apply analytical psychology to a clinical case.\\nYour exam usually consists of 5–7 individual tests about your knowledge of Jungian psychology, dream interpretation, and the human psyche.\\nTypically, you will receive an open-book written exam a few weeks before your final test date so you have time to research and write your answers.\\nIf you do not pass the exam, you will have to retake it the following year.\\n2-5. Practice consulting with patients while being supervised for 2–3 years.\\nAfter completing your Propaedeuticum exams, your program will assign you 1–2 patients to work with. Hold sessions with the patients while under the supervision of a certified Jungian analyst. Hold open communication with the patients during the sessions, and discuss how they went with your supervisor when you’re finished. Continue seeing the patients 2–3 times weekly throughout the remainder of the program.\\nYou may also need to attend seminars or lectures during the last half of the program, but they won’t be as frequent as the first half.\\n2-6. Complete any final theses or exams required by your program to earn certification.\\nDepending on the program you chose, you may need to write multiple papers on case analysis or Jungian psychology. You may also need to take a written final exam. Research for papers with scholarly sources so you have accurate information. Go over any notes or study guides for the exams so you can do your best when you take them. Once you pass the program, you can include the abbreviation IAAP after your title to signify that you’re a part of the association and a certified Jungian analyst.\\nCheck with your individual program to see the final certification requirements since they can vary.\\nThe lengths of your theses depend on the program you chose, but you will usually need to write over 40 pages.\\n3. Developing Interpersonal Skills\\n3-1. Practice active listening so you can connect with other people.\\nWhenever someone speaks to you, give them your full attention and try to get rid of any distractions. Maintain eye contact with them while they speak and avoid interrupting them. Pay attention to what they’re saying rather than thinking about what you’re going to say next so you’re able to respond more thoughtfully.\\nAs a Jungian analyst, you will have to work with many patients from different backgrounds, so listening to them carefully will help improve the quality of each session.\\nTry mimicking the other person’s body language or nodding as they speak to make it look like you’re more engaged with them.\\nAvoid being judgmental of what another person says because you shouldn’t have any bias as a Jungian analyst.\\n3-2. Communicate with others clearly to improve your conversation skills.\\nThink about what you’re going to say for a few moments before speaking to help you have a more meaningful conversation. Be articulate with your words so you’re easy to understand without the other person getting confused. If you’re confused by something another person said, ask questions about it so you’re able to get a better understanding of what they meant.\\nYou will have to discuss difficult topics as a Jungian analyst to help get to the root of what’s causing your patient emotional distress.\\nAsk the other person if they understand what you’re saying if they seem confused so you have an opportunity to explain yourself better. For example, you could ask, “Does that make sense, or do you need more clarification?”\\n3-3. Show compassion toward other people to empathize with them.\\nAs you talk and work with other people, try to imagine you’ve gone through the same experience to help you understand their feelings more. Actively tell the other person that you care for them and that you’re there to listen to them if they need to talk through anything. Even if you can’t fully comprehend their feelings, try to be available to them and be sympathetic for them.\\nPatients need to feel comfortable discussing difficult topics with you, so caring for them will make them feel like they can open up to you easier.\\n3-4. Pay attention to body language so you can learn how to read people.\\nLook at how people present themselves while you’re talking to them or when they speak. Try to notice common signs that they’re uncomfortable, such as fidgeting frequently, breaking eye contact, or crossing their arms. As you start learning more about the individual and their body language, you may be able to assume how they’re feeling so you know what the other person feels comfortable discussing.\\nYou will have to pay attention to your patients’ body cues to determine topics that confuse them or make them feel uncomfortable.\\n3-5. See a Jungian analyst regularly to have yourself evaluated.\\nLook for a Jungian analyst in your area and schedule regular appointments with them to discuss your own emotional stress. Be open with the analyst and try any practices they recommend using, such as keeping a dream journal or reframing negative thoughts so you see the positives. As you work with the analyst, you’ll also get a better understanding of how they work with patients.\\nMany certification programs require you to be analyzed for at least 100 hours total, but some programs may require you to go more frequently.\\nIf you don’t have any Jungian analysts in your area, you may be able to have video chat sessions online.\\nWarnings\\nJungian analyst training programs are highly competitive, so it may be difficult for you to get accepted into one right away.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A Jungian analyst, also known as an analytical psychologist, is a therapist who focuses on the teachings of C.G. Jung, a Swiss psychologist. Jungian analysts focus more on the unconscious, such as dreams or repressed memories, to help a patient understand their emotional disorders, rather than focusing on past experiences like a regular psychologist. While specializing in Jungian therapy follows a similar career path to psychology, you will have to enroll in additional courses and training that can take up to 6–7 years after earning a doctorate. If you have great communication skills and want to assist others with emotional problems, start looking into programs near you so you can get your certifications!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting an Education and License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn a high school diploma or GED if you don’t have one already.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re still in high school, take electives in psychology or sociology so you understand the field of study more. Be sure to participate during discussions and in-class work so you earn the best grades. If you didn’t graduate from high school, look for a GED program in your area so you can earn your equivalency diploma.\\nOpt for advanced placement courses if they’re available at your school to potentially earn college credits.\\nIf you work a regular job, check for GED courses at night so you can continue working while getting an education.\\nSpeech classes can also help improve your communication skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a bachelor’s degree in psychology.\", \"描述\": \"Apply to a university that offers a degree in psychology so you’re able to continue learning. Take all of the required coursework for the major, which may include family therapy, behavioral science, and social psychology. Be sure to take notes and pay close attention during your lectures and classes so you can do well throughout college.\\nSee if your college has any professional groups or clubs based around psychology so you can get involved with others that have similar career interests.\\nDon’t forget to set aside some time to hang out with friends and relax so you don’t get too stressed. Just make sure you have enough time to complete your homework.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend a master’s program in psychology to further your education.\", \"描述\": \"Choose a school that offers a 2-year master’s degree and fill out the application. While you’re earning your master’s, look for analytical psychology or dream interpretation courses since they’ll be helpful to your training. Set aside time to study and complete your homework so you can earn the best grades since further education can be much more competitive.\\nThe coursework you need to take depends on the master’s program you choose.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for a psychotherapy doctorate program at an accredited university.\", \"描述\": \"Look up universities that offer a 4- to 5-year program in psychotherapy, which is used to treat mental disorders through psychology rather than medicine. For the first 2–3 years, take any courses or clinical training labs required by the program. During the last few years, work with clients and patients under a licensed professional’s supervision so you can start practicing.\\nMost Jungian analyst programs require a doctorate, but you may be able to apply to some if you only have your master’s.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the licensure exam for your state to become a certified psychologist.\", \"描述\": \"Usually, you need to practice psychology professionally before you’re able to attend a Jungian analysis program. Sign up for the psychology licensure exam specifically for your state and pay any fees owed from the application. Schedule your exam at one of the test centers closest to you within 90 days of paying your fees. Purchase an Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) study guide and read through it so you know what to expect. Take the test and earn 70% or higher in order to pass.\\nYou can find your nearest exam center here: https://wsr.pearsonvue.com/testtaker/registration/SelectTestCenterProximity/ASPPB?conversationId=1919659.\\nYour exam usually consists of 225 multiple-choice questions covering behavioral psychology, treatment, and patient assessment over a 4-hour period.\\nExamination fees vary depending on your location.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earning Certification as a Jungian Analyst\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for a training program accredited by the IAAP.\", \"描述\": \"Check online for Jungian analysis programs in the area where you’re licensed and ensure they’ve been certified by the International Association of Analytical Psychology (IAAP). Check the admissions requirements for the program to make sure you meet the qualifications before submitting an application. Submit any information or letters of recommendation the program requires. If you’re accepted based on your application, you may have to interview with the program to see if you’re a good fit.\\nTypically, Jungian analysis programs will cost you around $2,000–4,000 USD per year and they last about 4–6 years.\\nThere are several training institutes in large cities all over the world.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Go through personal analysis with a licensed analyst throughout your studies.\", \"描述\": \"While you’re getting certified, work directly with a licensed Jungian analyst so you can evaluate yourself. Attend 2–3 sessions with the analyst each week and complete any work they want you to do. Open up to the analyst and communicate freely with them so they’re able to assess you better.\\nGetting evaluated by a Jungian analyst helps you get a better understanding of your own emotions so you can separate your unconscious thoughts from those of your patients.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend classes about Jung’s work during the first 2–3 years.\", \"描述\": \"During your first few years, go to the scheduled classes and lectures so you’re able to learn more about the work Jung has done. Read all of the material you’re given and complete all of your assignments to the best of your ability so you can absorb the most information.\\nThe classes tend to run on nights or weekends so they won’t interfere with your regular work schedule.\\nTake notes frequently since you’ll retain more information if you write it down yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete the oral or written Propaedeutic exams.\", \"描述\": \"Usually, you may start taking the Propaedeutic, or preparatory, exams in the spring or fall after being in your program for 2 years. Talk to the review committee where you’re studying to see if they think you’re ready to take the exams. If they approve you for the examination, then look over Jung’s writings on analytical psychology and how to interpret dreams to study. During the exams, whether oral or written, explain your answers with evidence from Jung’s work to show that you understand how to apply analytical psychology to a clinical case.\\nYour exam usually consists of 5–7 individual tests about your knowledge of Jungian psychology, dream interpretation, and the human psyche.\\nTypically, you will receive an open-book written exam a few weeks before your final test date so you have time to research and write your answers.\\nIf you do not pass the exam, you will have to retake it the following year.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Practice consulting with patients while being supervised for 2–3 years.\", \"描述\": \"After completing your Propaedeuticum exams, your program will assign you 1–2 patients to work with. Hold sessions with the patients while under the supervision of a certified Jungian analyst. Hold open communication with the patients during the sessions, and discuss how they went with your supervisor when you’re finished. Continue seeing the patients 2–3 times weekly throughout the remainder of the program.\\nYou may also need to attend seminars or lectures during the last half of the program, but they won’t be as frequent as the first half.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Complete any final theses or exams required by your program to earn certification.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the program you chose, you may need to write multiple papers on case analysis or Jungian psychology. You may also need to take a written final exam. Research for papers with scholarly sources so you have accurate information. Go over any notes or study guides for the exams so you can do your best when you take them. Once you pass the program, you can include the abbreviation IAAP after your title to signify that you’re a part of the association and a certified Jungian analyst.\\nCheck with your individual program to see the final certification requirements since they can vary.\\nThe lengths of your theses depend on the program you chose, but you will usually need to write over 40 pages.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Developing Interpersonal Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice active listening so you can connect with other people.\", \"描述\": \"Whenever someone speaks to you, give them your full attention and try to get rid of any distractions. Maintain eye contact with them while they speak and avoid interrupting them. Pay attention to what they’re saying rather than thinking about what you’re going to say next so you’re able to respond more thoughtfully.\\nAs a Jungian analyst, you will have to work with many patients from different backgrounds, so listening to them carefully will help improve the quality of each session.\\nTry mimicking the other person’s body language or nodding as they speak to make it look like you’re more engaged with them.\\nAvoid being judgmental of what another person says because you shouldn’t have any bias as a Jungian analyst.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Communicate with others clearly to improve your conversation skills.\", \"描述\": \"Think about what you’re going to say for a few moments before speaking to help you have a more meaningful conversation. Be articulate with your words so you’re easy to understand without the other person getting confused. If you’re confused by something another person said, ask questions about it so you’re able to get a better understanding of what they meant.\\nYou will have to discuss difficult topics as a Jungian analyst to help get to the root of what’s causing your patient emotional distress.\\nAsk the other person if they understand what you’re saying if they seem confused so you have an opportunity to explain yourself better. For example, you could ask, “Does that make sense, or do you need more clarification?”\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Show compassion toward other people to empathize with them.\", \"描述\": \"As you talk and work with other people, try to imagine you’ve gone through the same experience to help you understand their feelings more. Actively tell the other person that you care for them and that you’re there to listen to them if they need to talk through anything. Even if you can’t fully comprehend their feelings, try to be available to them and be sympathetic for them.\\nPatients need to feel comfortable discussing difficult topics with you, so caring for them will make them feel like they can open up to you easier.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pay attention to body language so you can learn how to read people.\", \"描述\": \"Look at how people present themselves while you’re talking to them or when they speak. Try to notice common signs that they’re uncomfortable, such as fidgeting frequently, breaking eye contact, or crossing their arms. As you start learning more about the individual and their body language, you may be able to assume how they’re feeling so you know what the other person feels comfortable discussing.\\nYou will have to pay attention to your patients’ body cues to determine topics that confuse them or make them feel uncomfortable.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"See a Jungian analyst regularly to have yourself evaluated.\", \"描述\": \"Look for a Jungian analyst in your area and schedule regular appointments with them to discuss your own emotional stress. Be open with the analyst and try any practices they recommend using, such as keeping a dream journal or reframing negative thoughts so you see the positives. As you work with the analyst, you’ll also get a better understanding of how they work with patients.\\nMany certification programs require you to be analyzed for at least 100 hours total, but some programs may require you to go more frequently.\\nIf you don’t have any Jungian analysts in your area, you may be able to have video chat sessions online.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Jungian analyst training programs are highly competitive, so it may be difficult for you to get accepted into one right away.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,466 |
How to Become a Justice of the Peace
|
1. Meeting the Basic Requirements
1-1. Provide proof of residency in the state or territory you want to work in.
In order to be eligible to serve as a justice of the peace, you’ll need to be able to show that you’re a legal citizen where you live. The exact procedure for doing so varies from place to place. Contact your local state department office to find out more about the specific requirements for your region.
Proving residency is often as simple as filling out a few forms and producing documents that show that you’ve lived in the area for a specific amount of time.
In Texas, for instance, you must have lived in the state on a full-time basis for at least one year to be granted residency and therefore be eligible to become a justice of the peace.
Rhode Island is the one exception to this rule in the U.S. In Rhode Island, non-residents who regularly conduct business in the state can apply to become justices of the peace.
1-2. Request a background check from your local police department.
Head down to police headquarters and talk to a high-ranking officer about conducting a background check. As long as the investigation doesn’t turn up anything incriminating, the department will generate a document verifying that you have no past criminal charges, which you may be asked to present during the application process.
Alternatively, see if it’s possible to submit a request through their official website. Some police departments are authorized to carry out background checks remotely.
Having a clean record is a must if you hope to be bestowed any kind of power under the law.
1-3. Confirm your voter registration status with your local election office.
In addition to being law-abiding citizens, all candidates for a justice of the peace position must also be registered to vote in their home state. If you don’t have a voter registration card (or if yours has expired), contact the election office for your district to check your registration status. It may be necessary for you to re-register or update the info that’s on file.
You can find the contact information for your local election office by visiting https://www.usa.gov/election-office.
To register as a voter or change out-of-date information, you’ll need to use the official voter registration form issued by your state.
2. Expanding Your Knowledge of the Law
2-1. Study criminal justice to improve your odds of being approved.
While there are usually no formal educational requirements to become a justice of the peace, having a background in law can certainly help. Consider enrolling in a criminal justice program through an accredited four-year university. Your time there will give you a better understanding of how laws are officiated on a local and national level.
If you don’t have the time, money, or interest to enter a degree program, see about auditing classes in criminal justice and other relevant subjects in your spare time.
2-2. Earn your law degree to add distinction to your credentials.
Seeking a law degree is the next step up from completing a basic education. To obtain a law degree, you’ll first need to have earned a bachelor's degree, preferably in a related field. You can then begin applying to law schools that suit your individual preferences.
Undergraduate degrees in criminal justice, history, English, sociology, and political science all translate well to the study of law.
Most law programs take an average of 3-4 years to complete.
2-3. Take advantage of continuing education if you're unable to go to school.
If you don't want to go to the trouble of earning a degree, another option is to attend various seminars, special interest talks, and non-degree courses on legal subjects being offered in your area. These are often open to non-degree holders and people with no prior college education. The broader your foundational knowledge of the law is, the better your chances of being confirmed as a justice of the peace.
Make sure the institution offering the course is accredited before you sign up. Unaccredited education may not carry the same weight in the eyes of your state’s reviewing committee.
In some cases, continuing education is a requirement of serving as a justice of the peace, so it can help to already have some experience under your belt. Justices of the peace in the state of Texas, for instance, are required to complete 80 hours of continuing education during their first year in office.
3. Applying for the Position
3-1. Fill out an application at your local state department office or website.
Applying to be a justice of the peace is similar to applying for most other jobs. Get in touch with your local state department office by phone or email to find out how to access the application form and get the process started. It should only take a few minutes to complete.
In the majority of U.S. states, the application forms for justice of the peace positions are available online.
3-2. Provide a list of professional or character references if asked.
Almost all issuing bodies ask candidates to supply 3-4 references along with their application. Call or visit the website of your local state department office to learn more about references and whether or not they’re required. If you’re permitted to choose your own, current and former employers, educators, and professional colleagues can be great people to ask.
Keep in mind that there may be highly specific criteria for the references you list depending on where you live. In New Hampshire, for instance, a candidate’s references must include two current justices of the peace and one registered voter.
You may also be expected to present a one-page letter of recommendation from one of your references.
3-3. Pay the required filing fee for your application.
Most government offices charge a fee for processing official applications. Depending on how things are done in your state or territory, you may be able to make a payment online through your local state department’s website. If that’s not an option, you’ll have to pay in person or via mail when you go to turn in your application.
The fees associated with filing an application for a justice of the peace position typically range from $70-80.
3-4. Submit your completed application form online, in person, or by mail.
Before putting in your application, take a few minutes to make sure you’ve filled it out in its entirety and that all of the information it contains is accurate and up-to-date. Attach copies of all other required documents, including your letter of recommendation and background check. Then, send off your application, drop it in the mail, or take it down to your local state department office in person.
It may take up to 3 weeks before you hear back about whether you’ve been approved for the position.
Once you’ve been confirmed, you’ll be legally recognized as a justice of the peace for 4-5 after the date of commission.
Tips
As a justice of the peace, you’ll be able to perform a wide range of minor legal duties such as certifying documents, witnessing legal proceedings like land transfers, and taking declarations and affidavits for use in court.
These days, fewer and fewer justices of the peace are granted the power to perform marriages. However, this still may fall under the heading of your responsibilities, depending on where you live.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:04",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Basic Requirements\\n1-1. Provide proof of residency in the state or territory you want to work in.\\nIn order to be eligible to serve as a justice of the peace, you’ll need to be able to show that you’re a legal citizen where you live. The exact procedure for doing so varies from place to place. Contact your local state department office to find out more about the specific requirements for your region.\\nProving residency is often as simple as filling out a few forms and producing documents that show that you’ve lived in the area for a specific amount of time.\\nIn Texas, for instance, you must have lived in the state on a full-time basis for at least one year to be granted residency and therefore be eligible to become a justice of the peace.\\nRhode Island is the one exception to this rule in the U.S. In Rhode Island, non-residents who regularly conduct business in the state can apply to become justices of the peace.\\n1-2. Request a background check from your local police department.\\nHead down to police headquarters and talk to a high-ranking officer about conducting a background check. As long as the investigation doesn’t turn up anything incriminating, the department will generate a document verifying that you have no past criminal charges, which you may be asked to present during the application process.\\nAlternatively, see if it’s possible to submit a request through their official website. Some police departments are authorized to carry out background checks remotely.\\nHaving a clean record is a must if you hope to be bestowed any kind of power under the law.\\n1-3. Confirm your voter registration status with your local election office.\\nIn addition to being law-abiding citizens, all candidates for a justice of the peace position must also be registered to vote in their home state. If you don’t have a voter registration card (or if yours has expired), contact the election office for your district to check your registration status. It may be necessary for you to re-register or update the info that’s on file.\\nYou can find the contact information for your local election office by visiting https://www.usa.gov/election-office.\\nTo register as a voter or change out-of-date information, you’ll need to use the official voter registration form issued by your state.\\n2. Expanding Your Knowledge of the Law\\n2-1. Study criminal justice to improve your odds of being approved.\\nWhile there are usually no formal educational requirements to become a justice of the peace, having a background in law can certainly help. Consider enrolling in a criminal justice program through an accredited four-year university. Your time there will give you a better understanding of how laws are officiated on a local and national level.\\nIf you don’t have the time, money, or interest to enter a degree program, see about auditing classes in criminal justice and other relevant subjects in your spare time.\\n2-2. Earn your law degree to add distinction to your credentials.\\nSeeking a law degree is the next step up from completing a basic education. To obtain a law degree, you’ll first need to have earned a bachelor's degree, preferably in a related field. You can then begin applying to law schools that suit your individual preferences.\\nUndergraduate degrees in criminal justice, history, English, sociology, and political science all translate well to the study of law.\\nMost law programs take an average of 3-4 years to complete.\\n2-3. Take advantage of continuing education if you're unable to go to school.\\nIf you don't want to go to the trouble of earning a degree, another option is to attend various seminars, special interest talks, and non-degree courses on legal subjects being offered in your area. These are often open to non-degree holders and people with no prior college education. The broader your foundational knowledge of the law is, the better your chances of being confirmed as a justice of the peace.\\nMake sure the institution offering the course is accredited before you sign up. Unaccredited education may not carry the same weight in the eyes of your state’s reviewing committee.\\nIn some cases, continuing education is a requirement of serving as a justice of the peace, so it can help to already have some experience under your belt. Justices of the peace in the state of Texas, for instance, are required to complete 80 hours of continuing education during their first year in office.\\n3. Applying for the Position\\n3-1. Fill out an application at your local state department office or website.\\nApplying to be a justice of the peace is similar to applying for most other jobs. Get in touch with your local state department office by phone or email to find out how to access the application form and get the process started. It should only take a few minutes to complete.\\nIn the majority of U.S. states, the application forms for justice of the peace positions are available online.\\n3-2. Provide a list of professional or character references if asked.\\nAlmost all issuing bodies ask candidates to supply 3-4 references along with their application. Call or visit the website of your local state department office to learn more about references and whether or not they’re required. If you’re permitted to choose your own, current and former employers, educators, and professional colleagues can be great people to ask.\\nKeep in mind that there may be highly specific criteria for the references you list depending on where you live. In New Hampshire, for instance, a candidate’s references must include two current justices of the peace and one registered voter.\\nYou may also be expected to present a one-page letter of recommendation from one of your references.\\n3-3. Pay the required filing fee for your application.\\nMost government offices charge a fee for processing official applications. Depending on how things are done in your state or territory, you may be able to make a payment online through your local state department’s website. If that’s not an option, you’ll have to pay in person or via mail when you go to turn in your application.\\nThe fees associated with filing an application for a justice of the peace position typically range from $70-80.\\n3-4. Submit your completed application form online, in person, or by mail.\\nBefore putting in your application, take a few minutes to make sure you’ve filled it out in its entirety and that all of the information it contains is accurate and up-to-date. Attach copies of all other required documents, including your letter of recommendation and background check. Then, send off your application, drop it in the mail, or take it down to your local state department office in person.\\nIt may take up to 3 weeks before you hear back about whether you’ve been approved for the position.\\nOnce you’ve been confirmed, you’ll be legally recognized as a justice of the peace for 4-5 after the date of commission.\\nTips\\nAs a justice of the peace, you’ll be able to perform a wide range of minor legal duties such as certifying documents, witnessing legal proceedings like land transfers, and taking declarations and affidavits for use in court.\\nThese days, fewer and fewer justices of the peace are granted the power to perform marriages. However, this still may fall under the heading of your responsibilities, depending on where you live.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A justice of the peace is a low-level judicial officer who is endowed with the authority to perform a variety of minor legal tasks. In most places, becoming a justice of the peace is a surprisingly simple process. To qualify for the position, show proof that you're a resident of the state or territory you plan to work in and gain at least a basic knowledge of civil law. Once that’s done, submit a formal application for the position and wait to be approved by a committee.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Basic Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Provide proof of residency in the state or territory you want to work in.\", \"描述\": \"In order to be eligible to serve as a justice of the peace, you’ll need to be able to show that you’re a legal citizen where you live. The exact procedure for doing so varies from place to place. Contact your local state department office to find out more about the specific requirements for your region.\\nProving residency is often as simple as filling out a few forms and producing documents that show that you’ve lived in the area for a specific amount of time.\\nIn Texas, for instance, you must have lived in the state on a full-time basis for at least one year to be granted residency and therefore be eligible to become a justice of the peace.\\nRhode Island is the one exception to this rule in the U.S. In Rhode Island, non-residents who regularly conduct business in the state can apply to become justices of the peace.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Request a background check from your local police department.\", \"描述\": \"Head down to police headquarters and talk to a high-ranking officer about conducting a background check. As long as the investigation doesn’t turn up anything incriminating, the department will generate a document verifying that you have no past criminal charges, which you may be asked to present during the application process.\\nAlternatively, see if it’s possible to submit a request through their official website. Some police departments are authorized to carry out background checks remotely.\\nHaving a clean record is a must if you hope to be bestowed any kind of power under the law.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Confirm your voter registration status with your local election office.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to being law-abiding citizens, all candidates for a justice of the peace position must also be registered to vote in their home state. If you don’t have a voter registration card (or if yours has expired), contact the election office for your district to check your registration status. It may be necessary for you to re-register or update the info that’s on file.\\nYou can find the contact information for your local election office by visiting https://www.usa.gov/election-office.\\nTo register as a voter or change out-of-date information, you’ll need to use the official voter registration form issued by your state.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Expanding Your Knowledge of the Law\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Study criminal justice to improve your odds of being approved.\", \"描述\": \"While there are usually no formal educational requirements to become a justice of the peace, having a background in law can certainly help. Consider enrolling in a criminal justice program through an accredited four-year university. Your time there will give you a better understanding of how laws are officiated on a local and national level.\\nIf you don’t have the time, money, or interest to enter a degree program, see about auditing classes in criminal justice and other relevant subjects in your spare time.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn your law degree to add distinction to your credentials.\", \"描述\": \"Seeking a law degree is the next step up from completing a basic education. To obtain a law degree, you’ll first need to have earned a bachelor's degree, preferably in a related field. You can then begin applying to law schools that suit your individual preferences.\\nUndergraduate degrees in criminal justice, history, English, sociology, and political science all translate well to the study of law.\\nMost law programs take an average of 3-4 years to complete.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take advantage of continuing education if you're unable to go to school.\", \"描述\": \"If you don't want to go to the trouble of earning a degree, another option is to attend various seminars, special interest talks, and non-degree courses on legal subjects being offered in your area. These are often open to non-degree holders and people with no prior college education. The broader your foundational knowledge of the law is, the better your chances of being confirmed as a justice of the peace.\\nMake sure the institution offering the course is accredited before you sign up. Unaccredited education may not carry the same weight in the eyes of your state’s reviewing committee.\\nIn some cases, continuing education is a requirement of serving as a justice of the peace, so it can help to already have some experience under your belt. Justices of the peace in the state of Texas, for instance, are required to complete 80 hours of continuing education during their first year in office.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Applying for the Position\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Fill out an application at your local state department office or website.\", \"描述\": \"Applying to be a justice of the peace is similar to applying for most other jobs. Get in touch with your local state department office by phone or email to find out how to access the application form and get the process started. It should only take a few minutes to complete.\\nIn the majority of U.S. states, the application forms for justice of the peace positions are available online.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Provide a list of professional or character references if asked.\", \"描述\": \"Almost all issuing bodies ask candidates to supply 3-4 references along with their application. Call or visit the website of your local state department office to learn more about references and whether or not they’re required. If you’re permitted to choose your own, current and former employers, educators, and professional colleagues can be great people to ask.\\nKeep in mind that there may be highly specific criteria for the references you list depending on where you live. In New Hampshire, for instance, a candidate’s references must include two current justices of the peace and one registered voter.\\nYou may also be expected to present a one-page letter of recommendation from one of your references.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pay the required filing fee for your application.\", \"描述\": \"Most government offices charge a fee for processing official applications. Depending on how things are done in your state or territory, you may be able to make a payment online through your local state department’s website. If that’s not an option, you’ll have to pay in person or via mail when you go to turn in your application.\\nThe fees associated with filing an application for a justice of the peace position typically range from $70-80.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Submit your completed application form online, in person, or by mail.\", \"描述\": \"Before putting in your application, take a few minutes to make sure you’ve filled it out in its entirety and that all of the information it contains is accurate and up-to-date. Attach copies of all other required documents, including your letter of recommendation and background check. Then, send off your application, drop it in the mail, or take it down to your local state department office in person.\\nIt may take up to 3 weeks before you hear back about whether you’ve been approved for the position.\\nOnce you’ve been confirmed, you’ll be legally recognized as a justice of the peace for 4-5 after the date of commission.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"As a justice of the peace, you’ll be able to perform a wide range of minor legal duties such as certifying documents, witnessing legal proceedings like land transfers, and taking declarations and affidavits for use in court.\\n\", \"These days, fewer and fewer justices of the peace are granted the power to perform marriages. However, this still may fall under the heading of your responsibilities, depending on where you live.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,467 |
How to Become a Kid Movie Star
|
1. Practicing Your Craft
1-1. Act in local theater.
Take part in school and community productions. You'll learn how to read scripts and take stage directions, and get comfortable performing in front of an audience. You'll also meet other actors of all ages, who can help you learn about what it's like to be an actor.
Get familiar with what's in your area. Many schools, churches, and local community theaters put on productions with roles for children.
1-2. Watch the classics.
Go to local productions or watch at home, but watch great performances by great actors. You’ll learn your craft, and you’ll become familiar with stories and scripts that you might see at an audition.
Check out these movies that feature young actors to get an idea of the many and varied roles for kids.
1-3. Court the camera.
Make (and post on YouTube or Vimeo, if you want) videos of yourself. Learn how to play to the camera, and get comfortable being the star of the show.
1-4. Take acting classes.
Classes may be available through community theaters or local organizations. Summer acting camps are also popular. Taking classes shows a commitment to acting as a profession, and you will likely learn about the industry as well as the craft.
2. Presenting Yourself
2-1. Get photos.
Actors age 10 and older should have professional headshots: good digital photos are usually fine for younger children. You should have one clear headshot and one full-body pose. Don't wear black, white, or busy patterns. Keep your photos current.
A good headshot should be built around your brand, which is a combination of your personality, your look, and how the industry sees you. Generally, if you're a kid, you should wear youthful clothes and have a friendly, smiling expression.
2-2. Make an acting resume.
Include your age, height and weight, and any agency affiliations. Mention acting classes or camps and school and community theater experience. Let the agents know what you have done and what you are capable of doing.
2-3. Highlight any special skills.
Special skills can be anything from music to juggling to skateboarding to foreign languages to sports -- things that make you stand out to an agent or could be useful in a stage or commercial setting.
3. Getting Representation
3-1. Be careful.
There are lots of good professional agents, but unfortunately, this industry also has plenty of people who just want your money. Legitimate talent agents are paid if and when an actor gets work. If an agent asks for representation fees, or requires you to take specific classes or work with specific photographers, be very wary.
Get the Call Sheet. Backstage publishes the Call Sheet, available in bookstores or online, which lists all the agencies in New York City and Los Angeles. Contact all the agencies that have a youth department.
Beware of scams where fake agencies promise to make you famous in exchange for a large fee.
3-2. Prepare for your agency interview.
Agents want to see children who are relaxed, comfortable and confident. Answer questions with full sentences, not just a “yes” or “no”. Show that you are focused and can take direction well, and that you will be capable of maintaining that focus through a long day on the set.
3-3. Stay positive.
It's very possible that you'll not be accepted by the first or second agent you see. Agents all have different ideas about what they want, and your "look" might not be what they're looking for. Keep interviewing and networking.
4. Going On Auditions
4-1. Audition as much as possible.
It's great practice, and you will meet casting directors and other actors to build up your professional network.
Read Backstage, which lists open casting calls for children. Most are in the New York City area, but all areas are represented.
Visit Casting Call Hub, which lists casting calls and auditions for children.
Check the major casting websites for calls for online submissions. It's typically easier to submit auditions online, rather than having to travel to audition in person, so you may be able to audition for more roles that way.
4-2. Prepare to ace your audition
Make sure you show up on time, well-rested, with plenty of extra resumes and headshots.
Know the product if it is a commercial audition. Casting agents may ask your opinion, and if you can respond knowledgeably and naturally, that will be a big plus.
Know the background and the characters if it is an audition for a play, TV show, or movie.
4-3. Have a monologue ready.
Casting agents may ask you to perform. If you have participated in school or community productions, you may have some dialogue memorized. If not, some suggested monologues for kids are here.
4-4. Be prepared to do a "cold read".
The casting agent may give you a few pages of script and a few minutes to prepare. Read through it as thoroughly as you can, decide what approach you will take, and go for it!
4-5. Remember the old adage, "there are no small parts, only small actors."
In reality, there are lots of parts that most actors would consider to be "small," and those are probably what you'll start out with. If you've got what they want -- and a whole lot of luck -- you'll be noticed and those parts will get bigger and bigger. Otherwise you may continue to be a bit player while you learn the industry.
Tips
Don’t ignore your schoolwork. Actors on sets are required to keep up with their education and many agents won’t consider an actor without at least a “B” average.
Hone your hobbies. Agents look for skills like bike riding, sports, music, foreign languages, or anything else that makes you and your resume stand out.
If you like to act,practice at home before going to auditions.
Warnings
Be realistic. Thousands of kids want to be movie and TV stars; very few of them make it. We've discussed some of the things you can do, but you can do everything listed and still not be the next Disney star. Think about whether you want to be an actor or a "star". There are lots of opportunities for actors in school and community productions, and if you want to act, you can be very happy doing so. There are far fewer opportunities for "stars", so if that's your goal, evaluate how hard you're willing to work to pursue it and how you're going to handle it if it doesn't happen.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:04",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Practicing Your Craft\\n1-1. Act in local theater.\\nTake part in school and community productions. You'll learn how to read scripts and take stage directions, and get comfortable performing in front of an audience. You'll also meet other actors of all ages, who can help you learn about what it's like to be an actor.\\nGet familiar with what's in your area. Many schools, churches, and local community theaters put on productions with roles for children.\\n1-2. Watch the classics.\\nGo to local productions or watch at home, but watch great performances by great actors. You’ll learn your craft, and you’ll become familiar with stories and scripts that you might see at an audition.\\nCheck out these movies that feature young actors to get an idea of the many and varied roles for kids.\\n1-3. Court the camera.\\nMake (and post on YouTube or Vimeo, if you want) videos of yourself. Learn how to play to the camera, and get comfortable being the star of the show.\\n1-4. Take acting classes.\\nClasses may be available through community theaters or local organizations. Summer acting camps are also popular. Taking classes shows a commitment to acting as a profession, and you will likely learn about the industry as well as the craft.\\n2. Presenting Yourself\\n2-1. Get photos.\\nActors age 10 and older should have professional headshots: good digital photos are usually fine for younger children. You should have one clear headshot and one full-body pose. Don't wear black, white, or busy patterns. Keep your photos current. \\nA good headshot should be built around your brand, which is a combination of your personality, your look, and how the industry sees you. Generally, if you're a kid, you should wear youthful clothes and have a friendly, smiling expression.\\n2-2. Make an acting resume.\\nInclude your age, height and weight, and any agency affiliations. Mention acting classes or camps and school and community theater experience. Let the agents know what you have done and what you are capable of doing.\\n2-3. Highlight any special skills.\\nSpecial skills can be anything from music to juggling to skateboarding to foreign languages to sports -- things that make you stand out to an agent or could be useful in a stage or commercial setting.\\n3. Getting Representation\\n3-1. Be careful.\\nThere are lots of good professional agents, but unfortunately, this industry also has plenty of people who just want your money. Legitimate talent agents are paid if and when an actor gets work. If an agent asks for representation fees, or requires you to take specific classes or work with specific photographers, be very wary. \\nGet the Call Sheet. Backstage publishes the Call Sheet, available in bookstores or online, which lists all the agencies in New York City and Los Angeles. Contact all the agencies that have a youth department.\\nBeware of scams where fake agencies promise to make you famous in exchange for a large fee.\\n3-2. Prepare for your agency interview.\\nAgents want to see children who are relaxed, comfortable and confident. Answer questions with full sentences, not just a “yes” or “no”. Show that you are focused and can take direction well, and that you will be capable of maintaining that focus through a long day on the set.\\n3-3. Stay positive.\\nIt's very possible that you'll not be accepted by the first or second agent you see. Agents all have different ideas about what they want, and your \\\"look\\\" might not be what they're looking for. Keep interviewing and networking.\\n4. Going On Auditions\\n4-1. Audition as much as possible.\\nIt's great practice, and you will meet casting directors and other actors to build up your professional network.\\nRead Backstage, which lists open casting calls for children. Most are in the New York City area, but all areas are represented.\\nVisit Casting Call Hub, which lists casting calls and auditions for children.\\nCheck the major casting websites for calls for online submissions. It's typically easier to submit auditions online, rather than having to travel to audition in person, so you may be able to audition for more roles that way.\\n4-2. Prepare to ace your audition\\nMake sure you show up on time, well-rested, with plenty of extra resumes and headshots.\\nKnow the product if it is a commercial audition. Casting agents may ask your opinion, and if you can respond knowledgeably and naturally, that will be a big plus.\\nKnow the background and the characters if it is an audition for a play, TV show, or movie.\\n4-3. Have a monologue ready.\\nCasting agents may ask you to perform. If you have participated in school or community productions, you may have some dialogue memorized. If not, some suggested monologues for kids are here.\\n4-4. Be prepared to do a \\\"cold read\\\".\\nThe casting agent may give you a few pages of script and a few minutes to prepare. Read through it as thoroughly as you can, decide what approach you will take, and go for it!\\n4-5. Remember the old adage, \\\"there are no small parts, only small actors.\\\"\\nIn reality, there are lots of parts that most actors would consider to be \\\"small,\\\" and those are probably what you'll start out with. If you've got what they want -- and a whole lot of luck -- you'll be noticed and those parts will get bigger and bigger. Otherwise you may continue to be a bit player while you learn the industry.\\nTips\\nDon’t ignore your schoolwork. Actors on sets are required to keep up with their education and many agents won’t consider an actor without at least a “B” average.\\nHone your hobbies. Agents look for skills like bike riding, sports, music, foreign languages, or anything else that makes you and your resume stand out.\\nIf you like to act,practice at home before going to auditions.\\nWarnings\\nBe realistic. Thousands of kids want to be movie and TV stars; very few of them make it. We've discussed some of the things you can do, but you can do everything listed and still not be the next Disney star. Think about whether you want to be an actor or a \\\"star\\\". There are lots of opportunities for actors in school and community productions, and if you want to act, you can be very happy doing so. There are far fewer opportunities for \\\"stars\\\", so if that's your goal, evaluate how hard you're willing to work to pursue it and how you're going to handle it if it doesn't happen.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There is a huge market for kid actors, because every year the current crop grows up and grows out of their roles. The Disney Channel alone hires over 1200 actors every year, some of them without prior professional experience. There are roles for every “look” these days: actors don’t have to be blond and blue-eyed, and glasses or braces are often just fine.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practicing Your Craft\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Act in local theater.\", \"描述\": \"Take part in school and community productions. You'll learn how to read scripts and take stage directions, and get comfortable performing in front of an audience. You'll also meet other actors of all ages, who can help you learn about what it's like to be an actor.\\nGet familiar with what's in your area. Many schools, churches, and local community theaters put on productions with roles for children.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Watch the classics.\", \"描述\": \"Go to local productions or watch at home, but watch great performances by great actors. You’ll learn your craft, and you’ll become familiar with stories and scripts that you might see at an audition.\\nCheck out these movies that feature young actors to get an idea of the many and varied roles for kids.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Court the camera.\", \"描述\": \"Make (and post on YouTube or Vimeo, if you want) videos of yourself. Learn how to play to the camera, and get comfortable being the star of the show.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take acting classes.\", \"描述\": \"Classes may be available through community theaters or local organizations. Summer acting camps are also popular. Taking classes shows a commitment to acting as a profession, and you will likely learn about the industry as well as the craft.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Presenting Yourself\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get photos.\", \"描述\": \"Actors age 10 and older should have professional headshots: good digital photos are usually fine for younger children. You should have one clear headshot and one full-body pose. Don't wear black, white, or busy patterns. Keep your photos current. \\nA good headshot should be built around your brand, which is a combination of your personality, your look, and how the industry sees you. Generally, if you're a kid, you should wear youthful clothes and have a friendly, smiling expression.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make an acting resume.\", \"描述\": \"Include your age, height and weight, and any agency affiliations. Mention acting classes or camps and school and community theater experience. Let the agents know what you have done and what you are capable of doing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Highlight any special skills.\", \"描述\": \"Special skills can be anything from music to juggling to skateboarding to foreign languages to sports -- things that make you stand out to an agent or could be useful in a stage or commercial setting.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Representation\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be careful.\", \"描述\": \"There are lots of good professional agents, but unfortunately, this industry also has plenty of people who just want your money. Legitimate talent agents are paid if and when an actor gets work. If an agent asks for representation fees, or requires you to take specific classes or work with specific photographers, be very wary. \\nGet the Call Sheet. Backstage publishes the Call Sheet, available in bookstores or online, which lists all the agencies in New York City and Los Angeles. Contact all the agencies that have a youth department.\\nBeware of scams where fake agencies promise to make you famous in exchange for a large fee.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare for your agency interview.\", \"描述\": \"Agents want to see children who are relaxed, comfortable and confident. Answer questions with full sentences, not just a “yes” or “no”. Show that you are focused and can take direction well, and that you will be capable of maintaining that focus through a long day on the set.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stay positive.\", \"描述\": \"It's very possible that you'll not be accepted by the first or second agent you see. Agents all have different ideas about what they want, and your \\\"look\\\" might not be what they're looking for. Keep interviewing and networking.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Going On Auditions\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Audition as much as possible.\", \"描述\": \"It's great practice, and you will meet casting directors and other actors to build up your professional network.\\nRead Backstage, which lists open casting calls for children. Most are in the New York City area, but all areas are represented.\\nVisit Casting Call Hub, which lists casting calls and auditions for children.\\nCheck the major casting websites for calls for online submissions. It's typically easier to submit auditions online, rather than having to travel to audition in person, so you may be able to audition for more roles that way.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare to ace your audition\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you show up on time, well-rested, with plenty of extra resumes and headshots.\\nKnow the product if it is a commercial audition. Casting agents may ask your opinion, and if you can respond knowledgeably and naturally, that will be a big plus.\\nKnow the background and the characters if it is an audition for a play, TV show, or movie.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have a monologue ready.\", \"描述\": \"Casting agents may ask you to perform. If you have participated in school or community productions, you may have some dialogue memorized. If not, some suggested monologues for kids are here.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be prepared to do a \\\"cold read\\\".\", \"描述\": \"The casting agent may give you a few pages of script and a few minutes to prepare. Read through it as thoroughly as you can, decide what approach you will take, and go for it!\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Remember the old adage, \\\"there are no small parts, only small actors.\\\"\", \"描述\": \"In reality, there are lots of parts that most actors would consider to be \\\"small,\\\" and those are probably what you'll start out with. If you've got what they want -- and a whole lot of luck -- you'll be noticed and those parts will get bigger and bigger. Otherwise you may continue to be a bit player while you learn the industry.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don’t ignore your schoolwork. Actors on sets are required to keep up with their education and many agents won’t consider an actor without at least a “B” average.\\n\", \"Hone your hobbies. Agents look for skills like bike riding, sports, music, foreign languages, or anything else that makes you and your resume stand out.\\n\", \"If you like to act,practice at home before going to auditions.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be realistic. Thousands of kids want to be movie and TV stars; very few of them make it. We've discussed some of the things you can do, but you can do everything listed and still not be the next Disney star. Think about whether you want to be an actor or a \\\"star\\\". There are lots of opportunities for actors in school and community productions, and if you want to act, you can be very happy doing so. There are far fewer opportunities for \\\"stars\\\", so if that's your goal, evaluate how hard you're willing to work to pursue it and how you're going to handle it if it doesn't happen.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,468 |
How to Become a Known Drag Queen in Your Area
|
1. Steps
1-1. As best as you can, try to master the art of female impersonation.
Even if you would rather be loud and campy, it is helpful to understand the female form, the beauty of makeup, the essence of matching, and the art of quick thinking (trust me, you will need it).
1-2. Decide for yourself--A.S.A.P--whether or not you would like to be a camp queen or a glam queen.
Your audience, if at all versed in the world of drag, will judge/appreciate you accordingly.
1-3. Put a look together, and make it a good one!
Drag Queens are prized for their audacious appearances, whilst others are considered legends for simply being beautiful and exotic 24/7. It is best to check out other drag queens to insure that you will be *unique* instead just run-of-the-mill (it's still one SUPER twisted mill).
1-4. Find out if there are any gay bars in your area that host drag shows, and go to a few.
If you get the chance, get to know some of the performers; they can clue you in on the other performers, the club, the owner(s), the usual audience, and what the club is looking for.
1-5. Start showing up at different venues in drag and take in the reactions you get.
Try to get a spot in something small, like a talent show or a parade. Then, get as many bookings as you can and really build an audience for yourself, even if it is small.
1-6. Take it anywhere you'd like!
People like RuPaul and Divine became famous because of their ability to act and entertain when dressed in drag. If you work hard and fine-tune your act, you could be the world's next biggest drag queen.
Tips
Many a drag queen out there are complete and total b****es, so it would be wise to develop a quick tongue. You could also try to set yourself apart by doing the opposite! A sweet, nice, and friendly Queen is always a great addition to the scene. You've got to be STRONG to be a drag queen, honey!
Have some integrity! If you show up on time, are an honest person, and act in a professional manner, you'll always get the best bookings!
Always always act according to how you look if you look like a lady act like one and remember to tuck.
Warnings
Also be careful not to lose yourself in it. (i.e. if you are sweet as candy now, STAY sweet; if you're a b***h, STAY a b***h, girl!
Don't wear heels, no matter how Fierce they are, if you haven't practiced and mastered them first at home! You don't want to be the gorgeous girl marching around like a linebacker!
Try to avoid the heavy drug scene. Not only could drug addiction ruin your life and career, but it could also ruin your fan base.
Be careful with the prejudice and homophobia out there. Even in "the city" where such things are accepted, you will most likely encounter bigotry everywhere you go.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:04",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. As best as you can, try to master the art of female impersonation.\\nEven if you would rather be loud and campy, it is helpful to understand the female form, the beauty of makeup, the essence of matching, and the art of quick thinking (trust me, you will need it).\\n1-2. Decide for yourself--A.S.A.P--whether or not you would like to be a camp queen or a glam queen.\\nYour audience, if at all versed in the world of drag, will judge/appreciate you accordingly.\\n1-3. Put a look together, and make it a good one!\\nDrag Queens are prized for their audacious appearances, whilst others are considered legends for simply being beautiful and exotic 24/7. It is best to check out other drag queens to insure that you will be *unique* instead just run-of-the-mill (it's still one SUPER twisted mill).\\n1-4. Find out if there are any gay bars in your area that host drag shows, and go to a few.\\nIf you get the chance, get to know some of the performers; they can clue you in on the other performers, the club, the owner(s), the usual audience, and what the club is looking for.\\n1-5. Start showing up at different venues in drag and take in the reactions you get.\\nTry to get a spot in something small, like a talent show or a parade. Then, get as many bookings as you can and really build an audience for yourself, even if it is small.\\n1-6. Take it anywhere you'd like!\\nPeople like RuPaul and Divine became famous because of their ability to act and entertain when dressed in drag. If you work hard and fine-tune your act, you could be the world's next biggest drag queen.\\nTips\\nMany a drag queen out there are complete and total b****es, so it would be wise to develop a quick tongue. You could also try to set yourself apart by doing the opposite! A sweet, nice, and friendly Queen is always a great addition to the scene. You've got to be STRONG to be a drag queen, honey!\\nHave some integrity! If you show up on time, are an honest person, and act in a professional manner, you'll always get the best bookings!\\nAlways always act according to how you look if you look like a lady act like one and remember to tuck.\\nWarnings\\nAlso be careful not to lose yourself in it. (i.e. if you are sweet as candy now, STAY sweet; if you're a b***h, STAY a b***h, girl!\\nDon't wear heels, no matter how Fierce they are, if you haven't practiced and mastered them first at home! You don't want to be the gorgeous girl marching around like a linebacker!\\nTry to avoid the heavy drug scene. Not only could drug addiction ruin your life and career, but it could also ruin your fan base.\\nBe careful with the prejudice and homophobia out there. Even in \\\"the city\\\" where such things are accepted, you will most likely encounter bigotry everywhere you go.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Ever wondered how Divine and RuPaul got their start? Ever asked yourself if you have the pizazz and expression to perform as a drag queen? It's not easy, but many, many people will adore you for it!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"As best as you can, try to master the art of female impersonation.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you would rather be loud and campy, it is helpful to understand the female form, the beauty of makeup, the essence of matching, and the art of quick thinking (trust me, you will need it).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide for yourself--A.S.A.P--whether or not you would like to be a camp queen or a glam queen.\", \"描述\": \"Your audience, if at all versed in the world of drag, will judge/appreciate you accordingly.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put a look together, and make it a good one!\", \"描述\": \"Drag Queens are prized for their audacious appearances, whilst others are considered legends for simply being beautiful and exotic 24/7. It is best to check out other drag queens to insure that you will be *unique* instead just run-of-the-mill (it's still one SUPER twisted mill).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find out if there are any gay bars in your area that host drag shows, and go to a few.\", \"描述\": \"If you get the chance, get to know some of the performers; they can clue you in on the other performers, the club, the owner(s), the usual audience, and what the club is looking for.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Start showing up at different venues in drag and take in the reactions you get.\", \"描述\": \"Try to get a spot in something small, like a talent show or a parade. Then, get as many bookings as you can and really build an audience for yourself, even if it is small.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take it anywhere you'd like!\", \"描述\": \"People like RuPaul and Divine became famous because of their ability to act and entertain when dressed in drag. If you work hard and fine-tune your act, you could be the world's next biggest drag queen.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Many a drag queen out there are complete and total b****es, so it would be wise to develop a quick tongue. You could also try to set yourself apart by doing the opposite! A sweet, nice, and friendly Queen is always a great addition to the scene. You've got to be STRONG to be a drag queen, honey!\\n\", \"Have some integrity! If you show up on time, are an honest person, and act in a professional manner, you'll always get the best bookings!\\n\", \"Always always act according to how you look if you look like a lady act like one and remember to tuck.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Also be careful not to lose yourself in it. (i.e. if you are sweet as candy now, STAY sweet; if you're a b***h, STAY a b***h, girl!\\n\", \"Don't wear heels, no matter how Fierce they are, if you haven't practiced and mastered them first at home! You don't want to be the gorgeous girl marching around like a linebacker!\\n\", \"Try to avoid the heavy drug scene. Not only could drug addiction ruin your life and career, but it could also ruin your fan base.\\n\", \"Be careful with the prejudice and homophobia out there. Even in \\\"the city\\\" where such things are accepted, you will most likely encounter bigotry everywhere you go.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,469 |
How to Become a Korean Citizen
|
1. Obtaining Permanent or Long-Term Residency
1-1. Confirm your eligibility.
If you are an adult over the age of 20 and have lived in the ROK for 5 consecutive years as a legal resident, you may be eligible to apply for permanent residency. You must be able to prove that you are capable of financially supporting yourself, that you have no criminal record, and that you have a strong understanding of Korean culture, language, and traditions.
You can apply for permanent residency after 3 years of residency if you are an investor who has invested at least US$500,000 in Korean business and provided employment opportunities for at least 5 Korean nationals.
Eligibility for permanent residency may also be granted by the Justice Minister in recognition of special contributions to Korea.
1-2. Determine how many points you've accumulated.
If you're not related by blood or marriage to a Korean national, you acquire permanent or long-term residency through the points system. If you accumulate at least 80 points out of a total of 120, you can get long-term or permanent residency – provided all other aspects of your application are in order.
You get the most points for age if you are between the ages of 30 and 34 (25 points). The least points you can get for age is 15 (if you are 51 or older).
If you have a doctorate degree in science or engineering, you get 35 points. The minimum points you can get for education is 15 (for a high school diploma).
The most points you can get for Korean language proficiency is 20 (for grade 6 or higher, which represents advanced language skill). Grade 4, the minimum you need to be eligible for long-term or permanent residency, will get you 16 points.
You also get points based on your annual income. If you make 100 million RWK or more in a year, you get the maximum of 10 points. You need to make at least 30 million RWK a year to be eligible for long-term or permanent residency. This would get you 3 points.
You can also get extra points for volunteer work and for studying at Korean universities.
1-3. Volunteer in your community.
You can get up to 10 extra points for doing regular volunteer work in your community. Doing volunteer work is not only a relatively easy way to earn points, it also helps you forge connections with the people in your community.
Talk to your neighbors about volunteer opportunities that are available. You can also ask around your workplace about community projects you could work with.
1-4. Study the Korean language.
To qualify for permanent residency, you must achieve at least a level 4 score on the Korean proficiency exam administered by Korean Immigration. In addition to being a basic requirement, a level 4 score also earns you 20 points on your application for permanent residency.
You can learn more about the Korean proficiency exam, TOPIK, and review the schedule of exam dates and locations, by visiting https://www.topik.go.kr/TWMAIN/TWMAIN0010.do.
1-5. Take the Social Integration course.
This course is run by Korean Immigration. It was originally designed for foreign spouses, but it's open to anyone. Taking the course will earn you an additional 10 points on your application for permanent residency.
To apply for the course, subscribe online to the Immigration & Social Integration Network. You can complete an online application from the network once you're registered.
Completion of the program also may enable you to claim exemption from written tests for permanent residency, or for citizenship later on.
1-6. Get a sponsor for your application.
To obtain permanent residency, your application must have a sponsor. Your sponsor could be an individual Korean national, or the corporation where you work. There are 2 applications, one of which must be completed by your sponsor.
Your sponsor can complete their application online at https://www.visa.go.kr/, or by visiting the nearest immigration office. Your sponsor's application must be accompanied by a copy of their Korean passport and identity card to prove that they are a Korean national.
1-7. Complete and submit your application.
The application for permanent residency requires information about your current nationality, criminal history, and educational and employment background.
You can complete and submit an application for permanent residency online at https://www.visa.go.kr/. You can also pay your application fees online with a major credit card.
When you submit your application, you'll have to pay application fees ranging between 30,000 and 80,000 KRW depending on your home country and the type of permanent residency visa you're applying for.
1-8. Gather supporting documentation.
The specific documentation you need depends on the type of permanent residency visa you're applying for. All types require you to present your passport and residency card. You also need documents that support the statements you made in your application.
You must also have bank and financial statements to prove that you make at least the national income average (about 20,000,000 KRW). You should also get originals and copies of your income statements and employment certificate.
Get originals and copies of your real estate registration or lease contract to prove your residency.
1-9. Attend your interview.
Even if you complete and submit your application online, you'll still need to make a trip to the nearest immigration office for an interview with an immigration official. The official will ask you questions about your application, your background, and your reasons for seeking permanent residency.
The official may also ask you questions to assess your knowledge and understanding of Korean culture and traditions, as well as your ability to speak and understand the Korean language.
During your interview, the immigration official will also review your supporting documentation for your application. Make sure you bring originals and copies of all of these documents with you.
1-10. Receive the decision from the Immigration Office.
Generally, it takes 1 to 2 months from the time your application is received for Immigration to make a decision on whether to grant you permanent residency. The process may take longer if your application is incomplete, or if Immigration needs more information from you.
If you currently have a temporary residence permit, make sure it will not expire while you are waiting for a decision on permanent residency.
If your application was refused, you can submit a letter to appeal the decision, or you can reapply. Review your application carefully and correct any incomplete or inaccurate information – do not resubmit the exact same application.
1-11. Register and pick up your visa.
If your application is approved, you must register as a foreign resident. Provide your name, sex, date of birth, nationality, passport information, place of work, and place of residence.
If any of the information you've registered changes, you must report the change to the Immigration Office within 14 days of the change taking place.
2. Meeting Naturalization Requirements
2-1. Live in Korea for 5 years as a permanent or long-term resident.
Unless you have a family relationship with a Korean national, you must live in Korea for at least 5 years as a permanent resident before you can apply for citizenship.
If you have a long-term residency permit rather than permanent residency, make sure your stay in Korea is continuous and that you don't allow your residency visa to lapse. Otherwise, the time period may start over.
2-2. Continue studying the Korean language.
Although you took a proficiency test for permanent residency, your language proficiency will be evaluated again for citizenship. Practice your Korean every chance you get, and take Korean language courses when you can.
The official who evaluates your application for naturalization will likely want to see continued improvement in your language proficiency. Regardless, continued improvement will show your dedication towards becoming a Korean national.
2-3. Maintain a clean criminal record.
If you get charged with a crime while in Korea as a foreign resident, you will likely get deported. However, even if you are only charged for a minor infraction, it could ruin your chances of becoming a citizen.
You're also expected to show good conduct and personal discipline. Acts that don't rise to the level of criminal activity, such as noise complaints, could still jeopardize your chances of gaining citizenship.
2-4. Work continuously to financially support yourself.
Not only are you expected to be continuously employed while a foreign resident of Korea, but you're also expected to save some of the money you earn. To be eligible for citizenship under the general naturalization process, you must present a certificate from your bank showing that you have an account balance of at least 30,000,000 KRW.
When you apply for naturalization, you will need to provide a statement from your current employer, as well as any previous employers. If you switch jobs while a foreign resident, make sure you stay on good terms with your former employer.
2-5. Participate in your local community.
As with gaining permanent residency, continuing to be an active part of your community is important if you want to become a Korean citizen. This demonstrates that you care about Korea and want to improve the circumstances around you.
During your naturalization interview, the immigration official will assess your attitude towards Korea and its culture. Being an active part of your community shows that you willingly give of yourself and your time to better the lives of those around you.
2-6. Request recommendation letters from 2 qualified Korean nationals.
Korean immigration law dictates the types of people who are qualified to write recommendation letters. Typically, at least one of your recommendation letters will be from a manager at the company where you work.
Local government officials also are qualified to write recommendation letters. However, if you seek a recommendation letter from a government official, make sure they actually know you personally.
Attorneys, judges, and other public officers are also qualified to write recommendation letters.
3. Applying for General Naturalization
3-1. Complete your naturalization application forms.
To apply for citizenship, you will need a Naturalization Application Form, a Statement for Citizenship Application, and a Statement of Identity. You must attach a color photo to your Statement of Identity. These forms are only available in Korean.
Necessary forms can also be downloaded at https://www.hikorea.go.kr/pt/DownLoadTemplPopupR_en.pt. Scroll down to find links to naturalization-related forms.
3-2. Gather supporting documentation.
In addition to the application forms, you will need a copy of your passport, documents proving your financial stability, personal documents such as marriage or birth certificates, and your recommendation letters.
Documents sufficient to prove your financial stability include bank or investment statements that show you have financial assets in excess of 60 million KRW, a certificate of income, or a certificate of real estate registration worth in excess of 60 million KRW.
3-3. Have supporting documents translated, if necessary.
If you have documents in a foreign language, they must be translated into Korean by a certified translator. The translated document must be notarized.
Documents in Chinese or English are exempt from the notarization requirement. However, they still must be translated into Korean, and you must provide a name and contact information for the translator.
3-4. Take the comprehensive assessment.
The comprehensive assessment is a written and oral test that evaluates basic qualities necessary for naturalization, including Korean language ability and an understanding of Korean society, culture, and liberal democratic values.
You can apply to take the comprehensive assessment at http://www.socinet.go.kr/soci/main/main.jsp?MENU_TYPE=S_TOP_SY.
3-5. Submit your application materials to the nearest immigration office.
Once you've completed your naturalization paperwork and gathered your supporting documents, make an appointment to have them reviewed at the immigration office. While you can walk in, reserving an appointment means you won't have to wait.
To find the immigration office with jurisdiction over the area where you live, go to https://www.hikorea.go.kr/pt/InfoDetailR_en.pt?categoryId=2&parentId=398&catSeq=453&showMenuId=377.
When you submit your application, you must pay a fee of 300,000 KRW, as of 2018. Contact the Immigration Office or check the immigration website to get the most current statement of fees.
3-6. Attend your naturalization interview.
Before you will be granted citizenship, an interview with an immigration official is necessary. The official will ask questions about your application and background. They will also assess your understanding of the Korean language, culture, laws, and traditions.
You can download an educational booklet at https://www.hikorea.go.kr/pt/InfoDetailR_en.pt that will help prepare you for your interview.
There are also sample interview questions available at https://www.hikorea.go.kr/pt/InfoDetailR_en.pt.
You will also be tested on your ability to sing the national anthem.
3-7. Wait for notification from the Ministry of Justice.
You can check the announcement page on www.immigration.go.kr or www.hikorea.go.kr for an estimate on how long you will have to wait for notification. The time frame varies among individual cases and depending on the number of outstanding applications.
3-8. Apply for an identification certificate.
If you are granted citizenship, go to the community centre nearest where you live for your identification certificate and register as a resident.
When you become a Korean national, you are expected to turn over your foreign residence card.
3-9. Renounce your foreign nationality within 1 year.
After you are granted Korean citizenship, you are expected to renounce your citizenship in your home country. If you fail to renounce your foreign nationality after 1 year, you will lose your Korean nationality.
Go to the nearest embassy or consulate for your home country to renounce your citizenship. Get written certification from a consular officer that you have officially renounced your citizenship. You'll need to submit this to the Immigration Office.
If you acquired Korean nationality by marriage to a Korean national, you do not have to renounce your foreign nationality. However, you do have to make a declaration not to exercise it, such as by getting a passport issued by your home country.
If you choose to make a declaration not to exercise your foreign nationality, you are only allowed to exercise your Korean nationality while in Korea.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:04",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Obtaining Permanent or Long-Term Residency\\n1-1. Confirm your eligibility.\\nIf you are an adult over the age of 20 and have lived in the ROK for 5 consecutive years as a legal resident, you may be eligible to apply for permanent residency. You must be able to prove that you are capable of financially supporting yourself, that you have no criminal record, and that you have a strong understanding of Korean culture, language, and traditions.\\nYou can apply for permanent residency after 3 years of residency if you are an investor who has invested at least US$500,000 in Korean business and provided employment opportunities for at least 5 Korean nationals.\\nEligibility for permanent residency may also be granted by the Justice Minister in recognition of special contributions to Korea.\\n1-2. Determine how many points you've accumulated.\\nIf you're not related by blood or marriage to a Korean national, you acquire permanent or long-term residency through the points system. If you accumulate at least 80 points out of a total of 120, you can get long-term or permanent residency – provided all other aspects of your application are in order.\\nYou get the most points for age if you are between the ages of 30 and 34 (25 points). The least points you can get for age is 15 (if you are 51 or older).\\nIf you have a doctorate degree in science or engineering, you get 35 points. The minimum points you can get for education is 15 (for a high school diploma).\\nThe most points you can get for Korean language proficiency is 20 (for grade 6 or higher, which represents advanced language skill). Grade 4, the minimum you need to be eligible for long-term or permanent residency, will get you 16 points.\\nYou also get points based on your annual income. If you make 100 million RWK or more in a year, you get the maximum of 10 points. You need to make at least 30 million RWK a year to be eligible for long-term or permanent residency. This would get you 3 points.\\nYou can also get extra points for volunteer work and for studying at Korean universities.\\n1-3. Volunteer in your community.\\nYou can get up to 10 extra points for doing regular volunteer work in your community. Doing volunteer work is not only a relatively easy way to earn points, it also helps you forge connections with the people in your community.\\nTalk to your neighbors about volunteer opportunities that are available. You can also ask around your workplace about community projects you could work with.\\n1-4. Study the Korean language.\\nTo qualify for permanent residency, you must achieve at least a level 4 score on the Korean proficiency exam administered by Korean Immigration. In addition to being a basic requirement, a level 4 score also earns you 20 points on your application for permanent residency.\\nYou can learn more about the Korean proficiency exam, TOPIK, and review the schedule of exam dates and locations, by visiting https://www.topik.go.kr/TWMAIN/TWMAIN0010.do.\\n1-5. Take the Social Integration course.\\nThis course is run by Korean Immigration. It was originally designed for foreign spouses, but it's open to anyone. Taking the course will earn you an additional 10 points on your application for permanent residency.\\nTo apply for the course, subscribe online to the Immigration & Social Integration Network. You can complete an online application from the network once you're registered.\\nCompletion of the program also may enable you to claim exemption from written tests for permanent residency, or for citizenship later on.\\n1-6. Get a sponsor for your application.\\nTo obtain permanent residency, your application must have a sponsor. Your sponsor could be an individual Korean national, or the corporation where you work. There are 2 applications, one of which must be completed by your sponsor.\\nYour sponsor can complete their application online at https://www.visa.go.kr/, or by visiting the nearest immigration office. Your sponsor's application must be accompanied by a copy of their Korean passport and identity card to prove that they are a Korean national.\\n1-7. Complete and submit your application.\\nThe application for permanent residency requires information about your current nationality, criminal history, and educational and employment background.\\nYou can complete and submit an application for permanent residency online at https://www.visa.go.kr/. You can also pay your application fees online with a major credit card.\\nWhen you submit your application, you'll have to pay application fees ranging between 30,000 and 80,000 KRW depending on your home country and the type of permanent residency visa you're applying for.\\n1-8. Gather supporting documentation.\\nThe specific documentation you need depends on the type of permanent residency visa you're applying for. All types require you to present your passport and residency card. You also need documents that support the statements you made in your application.\\nYou must also have bank and financial statements to prove that you make at least the national income average (about 20,000,000 KRW). You should also get originals and copies of your income statements and employment certificate.\\nGet originals and copies of your real estate registration or lease contract to prove your residency.\\n1-9. Attend your interview.\\nEven if you complete and submit your application online, you'll still need to make a trip to the nearest immigration office for an interview with an immigration official. The official will ask you questions about your application, your background, and your reasons for seeking permanent residency.\\nThe official may also ask you questions to assess your knowledge and understanding of Korean culture and traditions, as well as your ability to speak and understand the Korean language.\\nDuring your interview, the immigration official will also review your supporting documentation for your application. Make sure you bring originals and copies of all of these documents with you.\\n1-10. Receive the decision from the Immigration Office.\\nGenerally, it takes 1 to 2 months from the time your application is received for Immigration to make a decision on whether to grant you permanent residency. The process may take longer if your application is incomplete, or if Immigration needs more information from you.\\nIf you currently have a temporary residence permit, make sure it will not expire while you are waiting for a decision on permanent residency.\\nIf your application was refused, you can submit a letter to appeal the decision, or you can reapply. Review your application carefully and correct any incomplete or inaccurate information – do not resubmit the exact same application.\\n1-11. Register and pick up your visa.\\nIf your application is approved, you must register as a foreign resident. Provide your name, sex, date of birth, nationality, passport information, place of work, and place of residence. \\nIf any of the information you've registered changes, you must report the change to the Immigration Office within 14 days of the change taking place.\\n2. Meeting Naturalization Requirements\\n2-1. Live in Korea for 5 years as a permanent or long-term resident.\\nUnless you have a family relationship with a Korean national, you must live in Korea for at least 5 years as a permanent resident before you can apply for citizenship.\\nIf you have a long-term residency permit rather than permanent residency, make sure your stay in Korea is continuous and that you don't allow your residency visa to lapse. Otherwise, the time period may start over.\\n2-2. Continue studying the Korean language.\\nAlthough you took a proficiency test for permanent residency, your language proficiency will be evaluated again for citizenship. Practice your Korean every chance you get, and take Korean language courses when you can.\\nThe official who evaluates your application for naturalization will likely want to see continued improvement in your language proficiency. Regardless, continued improvement will show your dedication towards becoming a Korean national.\\n2-3. Maintain a clean criminal record.\\nIf you get charged with a crime while in Korea as a foreign resident, you will likely get deported. However, even if you are only charged for a minor infraction, it could ruin your chances of becoming a citizen.\\nYou're also expected to show good conduct and personal discipline. Acts that don't rise to the level of criminal activity, such as noise complaints, could still jeopardize your chances of gaining citizenship.\\n2-4. Work continuously to financially support yourself.\\nNot only are you expected to be continuously employed while a foreign resident of Korea, but you're also expected to save some of the money you earn. To be eligible for citizenship under the general naturalization process, you must present a certificate from your bank showing that you have an account balance of at least 30,000,000 KRW.\\nWhen you apply for naturalization, you will need to provide a statement from your current employer, as well as any previous employers. If you switch jobs while a foreign resident, make sure you stay on good terms with your former employer.\\n2-5. Participate in your local community.\\nAs with gaining permanent residency, continuing to be an active part of your community is important if you want to become a Korean citizen. This demonstrates that you care about Korea and want to improve the circumstances around you.\\nDuring your naturalization interview, the immigration official will assess your attitude towards Korea and its culture. Being an active part of your community shows that you willingly give of yourself and your time to better the lives of those around you.\\n2-6. Request recommendation letters from 2 qualified Korean nationals.\\nKorean immigration law dictates the types of people who are qualified to write recommendation letters. Typically, at least one of your recommendation letters will be from a manager at the company where you work.\\nLocal government officials also are qualified to write recommendation letters. However, if you seek a recommendation letter from a government official, make sure they actually know you personally.\\nAttorneys, judges, and other public officers are also qualified to write recommendation letters.\\n3. Applying for General Naturalization\\n3-1. Complete your naturalization application forms.\\nTo apply for citizenship, you will need a Naturalization Application Form, a Statement for Citizenship Application, and a Statement of Identity. You must attach a color photo to your Statement of Identity. These forms are only available in Korean.\\nNecessary forms can also be downloaded at https://www.hikorea.go.kr/pt/DownLoadTemplPopupR_en.pt. Scroll down to find links to naturalization-related forms.\\n3-2. Gather supporting documentation.\\nIn addition to the application forms, you will need a copy of your passport, documents proving your financial stability, personal documents such as marriage or birth certificates, and your recommendation letters.\\nDocuments sufficient to prove your financial stability include bank or investment statements that show you have financial assets in excess of 60 million KRW, a certificate of income, or a certificate of real estate registration worth in excess of 60 million KRW.\\n3-3. Have supporting documents translated, if necessary.\\nIf you have documents in a foreign language, they must be translated into Korean by a certified translator. The translated document must be notarized.\\nDocuments in Chinese or English are exempt from the notarization requirement. However, they still must be translated into Korean, and you must provide a name and contact information for the translator.\\n3-4. Take the comprehensive assessment.\\nThe comprehensive assessment is a written and oral test that evaluates basic qualities necessary for naturalization, including Korean language ability and an understanding of Korean society, culture, and liberal democratic values.\\nYou can apply to take the comprehensive assessment at http://www.socinet.go.kr/soci/main/main.jsp?MENU_TYPE=S_TOP_SY.\\n3-5. Submit your application materials to the nearest immigration office.\\nOnce you've completed your naturalization paperwork and gathered your supporting documents, make an appointment to have them reviewed at the immigration office. While you can walk in, reserving an appointment means you won't have to wait.\\nTo find the immigration office with jurisdiction over the area where you live, go to https://www.hikorea.go.kr/pt/InfoDetailR_en.pt?categoryId=2&parentId=398&catSeq=453&showMenuId=377.\\nWhen you submit your application, you must pay a fee of 300,000 KRW, as of 2018. Contact the Immigration Office or check the immigration website to get the most current statement of fees.\\n3-6. Attend your naturalization interview.\\nBefore you will be granted citizenship, an interview with an immigration official is necessary. The official will ask questions about your application and background. They will also assess your understanding of the Korean language, culture, laws, and traditions.\\nYou can download an educational booklet at https://www.hikorea.go.kr/pt/InfoDetailR_en.pt that will help prepare you for your interview.\\nThere are also sample interview questions available at https://www.hikorea.go.kr/pt/InfoDetailR_en.pt.\\nYou will also be tested on your ability to sing the national anthem.\\n3-7. Wait for notification from the Ministry of Justice.\\nYou can check the announcement page on www.immigration.go.kr or www.hikorea.go.kr for an estimate on how long you will have to wait for notification. The time frame varies among individual cases and depending on the number of outstanding applications.\\n3-8. Apply for an identification certificate.\\nIf you are granted citizenship, go to the community centre nearest where you live for your identification certificate and register as a resident.\\nWhen you become a Korean national, you are expected to turn over your foreign residence card.\\n3-9. Renounce your foreign nationality within 1 year.\\nAfter you are granted Korean citizenship, you are expected to renounce your citizenship in your home country. If you fail to renounce your foreign nationality after 1 year, you will lose your Korean nationality.\\nGo to the nearest embassy or consulate for your home country to renounce your citizenship. Get written certification from a consular officer that you have officially renounced your citizenship. You'll need to submit this to the Immigration Office.\\nIf you acquired Korean nationality by marriage to a Korean national, you do not have to renounce your foreign nationality. However, you do have to make a declaration not to exercise it, such as by getting a passport issued by your home country.\\nIf you choose to make a declaration not to exercise your foreign nationality, you are only allowed to exercise your Korean nationality while in Korea.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"There are 3 pathways to citizenship in the Republic of Korea (ROK). If your parents were Korean nationals or if you marry a Korean national, the process and requirements are simpler. However, most immigrants becoming naturalized through general naturalization. To be eligible for citizenship through this process, you must first live in the ROK for 5 years as a lawful permanent resident. After you've met the residency requirement, you may apply for citizenship.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtaining Permanent or Long-Term Residency\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Confirm your eligibility.\", \"描述\": \"If you are an adult over the age of 20 and have lived in the ROK for 5 consecutive years as a legal resident, you may be eligible to apply for permanent residency. You must be able to prove that you are capable of financially supporting yourself, that you have no criminal record, and that you have a strong understanding of Korean culture, language, and traditions.\\nYou can apply for permanent residency after 3 years of residency if you are an investor who has invested at least US$500,000 in Korean business and provided employment opportunities for at least 5 Korean nationals.\\nEligibility for permanent residency may also be granted by the Justice Minister in recognition of special contributions to Korea.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Determine how many points you've accumulated.\", \"描述\": \"If you're not related by blood or marriage to a Korean national, you acquire permanent or long-term residency through the points system. If you accumulate at least 80 points out of a total of 120, you can get long-term or permanent residency – provided all other aspects of your application are in order.\\nYou get the most points for age if you are between the ages of 30 and 34 (25 points). The least points you can get for age is 15 (if you are 51 or older).\\nIf you have a doctorate degree in science or engineering, you get 35 points. The minimum points you can get for education is 15 (for a high school diploma).\\nThe most points you can get for Korean language proficiency is 20 (for grade 6 or higher, which represents advanced language skill). Grade 4, the minimum you need to be eligible for long-term or permanent residency, will get you 16 points.\\nYou also get points based on your annual income. If you make 100 million RWK or more in a year, you get the maximum of 10 points. You need to make at least 30 million RWK a year to be eligible for long-term or permanent residency. This would get you 3 points.\\nYou can also get extra points for volunteer work and for studying at Korean universities.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Volunteer in your community.\", \"描述\": \"You can get up to 10 extra points for doing regular volunteer work in your community. Doing volunteer work is not only a relatively easy way to earn points, it also helps you forge connections with the people in your community.\\nTalk to your neighbors about volunteer opportunities that are available. You can also ask around your workplace about community projects you could work with.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study the Korean language.\", \"描述\": \"To qualify for permanent residency, you must achieve at least a level 4 score on the Korean proficiency exam administered by Korean Immigration. In addition to being a basic requirement, a level 4 score also earns you 20 points on your application for permanent residency.\\nYou can learn more about the Korean proficiency exam, TOPIK, and review the schedule of exam dates and locations, by visiting https://www.topik.go.kr/TWMAIN/TWMAIN0010.do.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the Social Integration course.\", \"描述\": \"This course is run by Korean Immigration. It was originally designed for foreign spouses, but it's open to anyone. Taking the course will earn you an additional 10 points on your application for permanent residency.\\nTo apply for the course, subscribe online to the Immigration & Social Integration Network. You can complete an online application from the network once you're registered.\\nCompletion of the program also may enable you to claim exemption from written tests for permanent residency, or for citizenship later on.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get a sponsor for your application.\", \"描述\": \"To obtain permanent residency, your application must have a sponsor. Your sponsor could be an individual Korean national, or the corporation where you work. There are 2 applications, one of which must be completed by your sponsor.\\nYour sponsor can complete their application online at https://www.visa.go.kr/, or by visiting the nearest immigration office. Your sponsor's application must be accompanied by a copy of their Korean passport and identity card to prove that they are a Korean national.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Complete and submit your application.\", \"描述\": \"The application for permanent residency requires information about your current nationality, criminal history, and educational and employment background.\\nYou can complete and submit an application for permanent residency online at https://www.visa.go.kr/. You can also pay your application fees online with a major credit card.\\nWhen you submit your application, you'll have to pay application fees ranging between 30,000 and 80,000 KRW depending on your home country and the type of permanent residency visa you're applying for.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Gather supporting documentation.\", \"描述\": \"The specific documentation you need depends on the type of permanent residency visa you're applying for. All types require you to present your passport and residency card. You also need documents that support the statements you made in your application.\\nYou must also have bank and financial statements to prove that you make at least the national income average (about 20,000,000 KRW). You should also get originals and copies of your income statements and employment certificate.\\nGet originals and copies of your real estate registration or lease contract to prove your residency.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Attend your interview.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you complete and submit your application online, you'll still need to make a trip to the nearest immigration office for an interview with an immigration official. The official will ask you questions about your application, your background, and your reasons for seeking permanent residency.\\nThe official may also ask you questions to assess your knowledge and understanding of Korean culture and traditions, as well as your ability to speak and understand the Korean language.\\nDuring your interview, the immigration official will also review your supporting documentation for your application. Make sure you bring originals and copies of all of these documents with you.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Receive the decision from the Immigration Office.\", \"描述\": \"Generally, it takes 1 to 2 months from the time your application is received for Immigration to make a decision on whether to grant you permanent residency. The process may take longer if your application is incomplete, or if Immigration needs more information from you.\\nIf you currently have a temporary residence permit, make sure it will not expire while you are waiting for a decision on permanent residency.\\nIf your application was refused, you can submit a letter to appeal the decision, or you can reapply. Review your application carefully and correct any incomplete or inaccurate information – do not resubmit the exact same application.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Register and pick up your visa.\", \"描述\": \"If your application is approved, you must register as a foreign resident. Provide your name, sex, date of birth, nationality, passport information, place of work, and place of residence. \\nIf any of the information you've registered changes, you must report the change to the Immigration Office within 14 days of the change taking place.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Meeting Naturalization Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Live in Korea for 5 years as a permanent or long-term resident.\", \"描述\": \"Unless you have a family relationship with a Korean national, you must live in Korea for at least 5 years as a permanent resident before you can apply for citizenship.\\nIf you have a long-term residency permit rather than permanent residency, make sure your stay in Korea is continuous and that you don't allow your residency visa to lapse. Otherwise, the time period may start over.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Continue studying the Korean language.\", \"描述\": \"Although you took a proficiency test for permanent residency, your language proficiency will be evaluated again for citizenship. Practice your Korean every chance you get, and take Korean language courses when you can.\\nThe official who evaluates your application for naturalization will likely want to see continued improvement in your language proficiency. Regardless, continued improvement will show your dedication towards becoming a Korean national.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maintain a clean criminal record.\", \"描述\": \"If you get charged with a crime while in Korea as a foreign resident, you will likely get deported. However, even if you are only charged for a minor infraction, it could ruin your chances of becoming a citizen.\\nYou're also expected to show good conduct and personal discipline. Acts that don't rise to the level of criminal activity, such as noise complaints, could still jeopardize your chances of gaining citizenship.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work continuously to financially support yourself.\", \"描述\": \"Not only are you expected to be continuously employed while a foreign resident of Korea, but you're also expected to save some of the money you earn. To be eligible for citizenship under the general naturalization process, you must present a certificate from your bank showing that you have an account balance of at least 30,000,000 KRW.\\nWhen you apply for naturalization, you will need to provide a statement from your current employer, as well as any previous employers. If you switch jobs while a foreign resident, make sure you stay on good terms with your former employer.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Participate in your local community.\", \"描述\": \"As with gaining permanent residency, continuing to be an active part of your community is important if you want to become a Korean citizen. This demonstrates that you care about Korea and want to improve the circumstances around you.\\nDuring your naturalization interview, the immigration official will assess your attitude towards Korea and its culture. Being an active part of your community shows that you willingly give of yourself and your time to better the lives of those around you.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Request recommendation letters from 2 qualified Korean nationals.\", \"描述\": \"Korean immigration law dictates the types of people who are qualified to write recommendation letters. Typically, at least one of your recommendation letters will be from a manager at the company where you work.\\nLocal government officials also are qualified to write recommendation letters. However, if you seek a recommendation letter from a government official, make sure they actually know you personally.\\nAttorneys, judges, and other public officers are also qualified to write recommendation letters.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Applying for General Naturalization\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete your naturalization application forms.\", \"描述\": \"To apply for citizenship, you will need a Naturalization Application Form, a Statement for Citizenship Application, and a Statement of Identity. You must attach a color photo to your Statement of Identity. These forms are only available in Korean.\\nNecessary forms can also be downloaded at https://www.hikorea.go.kr/pt/DownLoadTemplPopupR_en.pt. Scroll down to find links to naturalization-related forms.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gather supporting documentation.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to the application forms, you will need a copy of your passport, documents proving your financial stability, personal documents such as marriage or birth certificates, and your recommendation letters.\\nDocuments sufficient to prove your financial stability include bank or investment statements that show you have financial assets in excess of 60 million KRW, a certificate of income, or a certificate of real estate registration worth in excess of 60 million KRW.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have supporting documents translated, if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"If you have documents in a foreign language, they must be translated into Korean by a certified translator. The translated document must be notarized.\\nDocuments in Chinese or English are exempt from the notarization requirement. However, they still must be translated into Korean, and you must provide a name and contact information for the translator.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the comprehensive assessment.\", \"描述\": \"The comprehensive assessment is a written and oral test that evaluates basic qualities necessary for naturalization, including Korean language ability and an understanding of Korean society, culture, and liberal democratic values.\\nYou can apply to take the comprehensive assessment at http://www.socinet.go.kr/soci/main/main.jsp?MENU_TYPE=S_TOP_SY.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Submit your application materials to the nearest immigration office.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've completed your naturalization paperwork and gathered your supporting documents, make an appointment to have them reviewed at the immigration office. While you can walk in, reserving an appointment means you won't have to wait.\\nTo find the immigration office with jurisdiction over the area where you live, go to https://www.hikorea.go.kr/pt/InfoDetailR_en.pt?categoryId=2&parentId=398&catSeq=453&showMenuId=377.\\nWhen you submit your application, you must pay a fee of 300,000 KRW, as of 2018. Contact the Immigration Office or check the immigration website to get the most current statement of fees.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Attend your naturalization interview.\", \"描述\": \"Before you will be granted citizenship, an interview with an immigration official is necessary. The official will ask questions about your application and background. They will also assess your understanding of the Korean language, culture, laws, and traditions.\\nYou can download an educational booklet at https://www.hikorea.go.kr/pt/InfoDetailR_en.pt that will help prepare you for your interview.\\nThere are also sample interview questions available at https://www.hikorea.go.kr/pt/InfoDetailR_en.pt.\\nYou will also be tested on your ability to sing the national anthem.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Wait for notification from the Ministry of Justice.\", \"描述\": \"You can check the announcement page on www.immigration.go.kr or www.hikorea.go.kr for an estimate on how long you will have to wait for notification. The time frame varies among individual cases and depending on the number of outstanding applications.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Apply for an identification certificate.\", \"描述\": \"If you are granted citizenship, go to the community centre nearest where you live for your identification certificate and register as a resident.\\nWhen you become a Korean national, you are expected to turn over your foreign residence card.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Renounce your foreign nationality within 1 year.\", \"描述\": \"After you are granted Korean citizenship, you are expected to renounce your citizenship in your home country. If you fail to renounce your foreign nationality after 1 year, you will lose your Korean nationality.\\nGo to the nearest embassy or consulate for your home country to renounce your citizenship. Get written certification from a consular officer that you have officially renounced your citizenship. You'll need to submit this to the Immigration Office.\\nIf you acquired Korean nationality by marriage to a Korean national, you do not have to renounce your foreign nationality. However, you do have to make a declaration not to exercise it, such as by getting a passport issued by your home country.\\nIf you choose to make a declaration not to exercise your foreign nationality, you are only allowed to exercise your Korean nationality while in Korea.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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How to Become a LEGO Designer
|
1. Learning with LEGOs
1-1. Play!
Lego designers were once themselves kids who played with LEGOs. Playing with LEGOs is a fun way to learn how they work. It is also a good way to get some experience engineering.
For some jobs, LEGO will actually ask applicants to participate in a build-off, to see who can come up with the best designs.
At its heart, LEGO is about fun and the company knows that. In interviews LEGO asks applicants what they do for fun, because they know that fun is at the heart of what they do.
1-2. Move on to harder models.
With time you should try moving on to LEGO models that require complex mechanical and computerized parts. Try to understand what makes them work.
You can buy cheap second-hand sets off the Internet, often in bulk.
Mindstorms RCX LEGOs in particular are capable of being programmed to do amazing things. People have managed to make flying devices with this model.
1-3. Use LEGO digital designer.
LEGO’s digital designer is a free application that can be downloaded online. You can design your own parts to create models that might be difficult to build otherwise. This would be good practice for ultimately designing your own LEGOs.
LEGO used to allow you to have these sets manufactured for you, so that you could have a hard copy of these designs. They have ceased doing this for the time being.
1-4. Begin producing new things.
LEGO’s are an educational tool to help you think about how things are built. Once you’ve gotten these skills down, you should try to move on to building new things.
Consider building things like mousetrap race cars, water bottle rockets, forts, catapults, and water balloon rockets.
2. Getting an Education
2-1. Study hard.
Through elementary, middle and high school you should build a record of academic success. If you get ahead and build your credentials early, it will be easier to get into a good college. Study hard and do your best at every level of your education.
2-2. Focus on math and science in high school.
You should take every opportunity available to study math and science in high school. Take four years of course work in each and take advanced classes when possible. If there is a science or robotics club, join it.
During high school you can also consider taking some classes in science, math, engineering, or software design courses at a local college. Typically, you can take these over summer, so that it won't impair your ability to complete your regular coursework.
2-3. Major in a relevant subject during college.
You will need a bachelor's and possibly a masters degree in a relevant technical field to be a viable candidate for a job with LEGO. To make yourself particularly attractive, consider completing two majors or doing a bachelor's degree in one field and a master's degree in another.
Consider mechanical engineering. Get a degree that focuses on robotics and automation. Many LEGO designs require the construction of complicated mechanical systems.
Also consider a degree in computer engineering. LEGO now uses computer programming to give life to its designs and being able to contribute to these projects is important for securing a job at LEGO.
2-4. Study art.
LEGO isn’t just about creating things that move, it is about creating designs that are interesting and exciting. As a company, LEGO is interested in people with a background in art and design. These skill sets can be important for creating toys that look realistic and engaging.
Lego has hired artists to build gigantic installations at locations around the world.
2-5. Consider building foreign language skills.
LEGO is an international company, based out of Denmark, with locations around the globe. It does have jobs available in English speaking countries, including the United States. The majority of the jobs in America, however, are in business and management, not design.
The top locations currently hiring LEGO engineers are: Denmark, China, the Czechia, and Hungary. There are no jobs currently available for engineers in English language countries.
Because LEGO is a Danish company, Danish would be the best language to learn.
Language acquisition can be a slow and arduous process. It also becomes harder as you grow older. You should begin studying no later than college. If you can find the time to purchase a language learning program and study prior to college, that could also be advantageous.
3. Getting LEGO's Attention and Getting Hired
3-1. Participate in robotics competitions.
If you can successfully build complex robotics with LEGOs, submit your designs to robotics competitions. LEGO might notice your accomplishments and begin to build a relationship with you.
Consider using online media to publicize your accomplishments. Build a website advertising your designs, tweet it to LEGO or post it on LEGO's Facebook wall.
3-2. Watch for LEGO job listings.
LEGO lists all job openings on their website. Check in on them regularly and, if there is anything that you believe you are qualified for, send in your application. Sometimes it helps to start small and work your way up to more desirable jobs. If you get your foot in the door with a job at LEGO, you might eventually be able to move on to working as a designer.
3-3. Research LEGO.
LEGO is interested in applicants who love LEGO. To prove that you love LEGO in in your interview, you should know something about the company. How old is it? Where is it based? How have LEGO toys evolved over time?
3-4. Write a resume and cover letter.
These two documents are how you will advertise your skills to LEGO. Prioritize accomplishments that will speak to your qualifications. Give detailed descriptions of jobs you have performed in the field of engineering, computer science, or art.
When writing these documents be as specific and precise as possible, including concrete numbers whenever possible. Do not say that you "Maximized efficiency" at your previous company. Instead, say that "Production increased by 30% within my first year."
Resumes are often read quickly and superficially. To be successful, they must be easy to digest and arranged so that information can quickly be gleaned. The most relevant facts should be near the top, where they can quickly be picked up by the reader.
3-5. Apply.
Even if there is no open positions listed online, you can apply when you have strong qualifications. Use Linkedin to see if you have any connections to the company. If so, ask that person to direct you to someone who would have the authority to hire you. Otherwise, use the company's website to find the head of a department that you would want to work for and send that person your application.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:05",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning with LEGOs\\n1-1. Play!\\nLego designers were once themselves kids who played with LEGOs. Playing with LEGOs is a fun way to learn how they work. It is also a good way to get some experience engineering.\\nFor some jobs, LEGO will actually ask applicants to participate in a build-off, to see who can come up with the best designs.\\nAt its heart, LEGO is about fun and the company knows that. In interviews LEGO asks applicants what they do for fun, because they know that fun is at the heart of what they do.\\n1-2. Move on to harder models.\\nWith time you should try moving on to LEGO models that require complex mechanical and computerized parts. Try to understand what makes them work.\\nYou can buy cheap second-hand sets off the Internet, often in bulk.\\nMindstorms RCX LEGOs in particular are capable of being programmed to do amazing things. People have managed to make flying devices with this model.\\n1-3. Use LEGO digital designer.\\nLEGO’s digital designer is a free application that can be downloaded online. You can design your own parts to create models that might be difficult to build otherwise. This would be good practice for ultimately designing your own LEGOs.\\nLEGO used to allow you to have these sets manufactured for you, so that you could have a hard copy of these designs. They have ceased doing this for the time being.\\n1-4. Begin producing new things.\\nLEGO’s are an educational tool to help you think about how things are built. Once you’ve gotten these skills down, you should try to move on to building new things.\\nConsider building things like mousetrap race cars, water bottle rockets, forts, catapults, and water balloon rockets.\\n2. Getting an Education\\n2-1. Study hard.\\nThrough elementary, middle and high school you should build a record of academic success. If you get ahead and build your credentials early, it will be easier to get into a good college. Study hard and do your best at every level of your education.\\n2-2. Focus on math and science in high school.\\nYou should take every opportunity available to study math and science in high school. Take four years of course work in each and take advanced classes when possible. If there is a science or robotics club, join it.\\nDuring high school you can also consider taking some classes in science, math, engineering, or software design courses at a local college. Typically, you can take these over summer, so that it won't impair your ability to complete your regular coursework.\\n2-3. Major in a relevant subject during college.\\nYou will need a bachelor's and possibly a masters degree in a relevant technical field to be a viable candidate for a job with LEGO. To make yourself particularly attractive, consider completing two majors or doing a bachelor's degree in one field and a master's degree in another.\\nConsider mechanical engineering. Get a degree that focuses on robotics and automation. Many LEGO designs require the construction of complicated mechanical systems.\\nAlso consider a degree in computer engineering. LEGO now uses computer programming to give life to its designs and being able to contribute to these projects is important for securing a job at LEGO.\\n2-4. Study art.\\nLEGO isn’t just about creating things that move, it is about creating designs that are interesting and exciting. As a company, LEGO is interested in people with a background in art and design. These skill sets can be important for creating toys that look realistic and engaging.\\nLego has hired artists to build gigantic installations at locations around the world.\\n2-5. Consider building foreign language skills.\\nLEGO is an international company, based out of Denmark, with locations around the globe. It does have jobs available in English speaking countries, including the United States. The majority of the jobs in America, however, are in business and management, not design.\\nThe top locations currently hiring LEGO engineers are: Denmark, China, the Czechia, and Hungary. There are no jobs currently available for engineers in English language countries.\\nBecause LEGO is a Danish company, Danish would be the best language to learn.\\nLanguage acquisition can be a slow and arduous process. It also becomes harder as you grow older. You should begin studying no later than college. If you can find the time to purchase a language learning program and study prior to college, that could also be advantageous.\\n3. Getting LEGO's Attention and Getting Hired\\n3-1. Participate in robotics competitions.\\nIf you can successfully build complex robotics with LEGOs, submit your designs to robotics competitions. LEGO might notice your accomplishments and begin to build a relationship with you.\\nConsider using online media to publicize your accomplishments. Build a website advertising your designs, tweet it to LEGO or post it on LEGO's Facebook wall.\\n3-2. Watch for LEGO job listings.\\nLEGO lists all job openings on their website. Check in on them regularly and, if there is anything that you believe you are qualified for, send in your application. Sometimes it helps to start small and work your way up to more desirable jobs. If you get your foot in the door with a job at LEGO, you might eventually be able to move on to working as a designer.\\n3-3. Research LEGO.\\nLEGO is interested in applicants who love LEGO. To prove that you love LEGO in in your interview, you should know something about the company. How old is it? Where is it based? How have LEGO toys evolved over time?\\n3-4. Write a resume and cover letter.\\nThese two documents are how you will advertise your skills to LEGO. Prioritize accomplishments that will speak to your qualifications. Give detailed descriptions of jobs you have performed in the field of engineering, computer science, or art.\\nWhen writing these documents be as specific and precise as possible, including concrete numbers whenever possible. Do not say that you \\\"Maximized efficiency\\\" at your previous company. Instead, say that \\\"Production increased by 30% within my first year.\\\"\\nResumes are often read quickly and superficially. To be successful, they must be easy to digest and arranged so that information can quickly be gleaned. The most relevant facts should be near the top, where they can quickly be picked up by the reader.\\n3-5. Apply.\\nEven if there is no open positions listed online, you can apply when you have strong qualifications. Use Linkedin to see if you have any connections to the company. If so, ask that person to direct you to someone who would have the authority to hire you. Otherwise, use the company's website to find the head of a department that you would want to work for and send that person your application.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Most people would love to spend their life playing with toys. Unfortunately, there aren't many jobs available for LEGO designers and the position is in high demand. If you want to be a LEGO designer, you will need to make yourself stand out of the crowd by getting a good education and getting experience as an engineer.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning with LEGOs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Play!\", \"描述\": \"Lego designers were once themselves kids who played with LEGOs. Playing with LEGOs is a fun way to learn how they work. It is also a good way to get some experience engineering.\\nFor some jobs, LEGO will actually ask applicants to participate in a build-off, to see who can come up with the best designs.\\nAt its heart, LEGO is about fun and the company knows that. In interviews LEGO asks applicants what they do for fun, because they know that fun is at the heart of what they do.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Move on to harder models.\", \"描述\": \"With time you should try moving on to LEGO models that require complex mechanical and computerized parts. Try to understand what makes them work.\\nYou can buy cheap second-hand sets off the Internet, often in bulk.\\nMindstorms RCX LEGOs in particular are capable of being programmed to do amazing things. People have managed to make flying devices with this model.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use LEGO digital designer.\", \"描述\": \"LEGO’s digital designer is a free application that can be downloaded online. You can design your own parts to create models that might be difficult to build otherwise. This would be good practice for ultimately designing your own LEGOs.\\nLEGO used to allow you to have these sets manufactured for you, so that you could have a hard copy of these designs. They have ceased doing this for the time being.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Begin producing new things.\", \"描述\": \"LEGO’s are an educational tool to help you think about how things are built. Once you’ve gotten these skills down, you should try to move on to building new things.\\nConsider building things like mousetrap race cars, water bottle rockets, forts, catapults, and water balloon rockets.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting an Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Study hard.\", \"描述\": \"Through elementary, middle and high school you should build a record of academic success. If you get ahead and build your credentials early, it will be easier to get into a good college. Study hard and do your best at every level of your education.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Focus on math and science in high school.\", \"描述\": \"You should take every opportunity available to study math and science in high school. Take four years of course work in each and take advanced classes when possible. If there is a science or robotics club, join it.\\nDuring high school you can also consider taking some classes in science, math, engineering, or software design courses at a local college. Typically, you can take these over summer, so that it won't impair your ability to complete your regular coursework.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Major in a relevant subject during college.\", \"描述\": \"You will need a bachelor's and possibly a masters degree in a relevant technical field to be a viable candidate for a job with LEGO. To make yourself particularly attractive, consider completing two majors or doing a bachelor's degree in one field and a master's degree in another.\\nConsider mechanical engineering. Get a degree that focuses on robotics and automation. Many LEGO designs require the construction of complicated mechanical systems.\\nAlso consider a degree in computer engineering. LEGO now uses computer programming to give life to its designs and being able to contribute to these projects is important for securing a job at LEGO.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study art.\", \"描述\": \"LEGO isn’t just about creating things that move, it is about creating designs that are interesting and exciting. As a company, LEGO is interested in people with a background in art and design. These skill sets can be important for creating toys that look realistic and engaging.\\nLego has hired artists to build gigantic installations at locations around the world.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Consider building foreign language skills.\", \"描述\": \"LEGO is an international company, based out of Denmark, with locations around the globe. It does have jobs available in English speaking countries, including the United States. The majority of the jobs in America, however, are in business and management, not design.\\nThe top locations currently hiring LEGO engineers are: Denmark, China, the Czechia, and Hungary. There are no jobs currently available for engineers in English language countries.\\nBecause LEGO is a Danish company, Danish would be the best language to learn.\\nLanguage acquisition can be a slow and arduous process. It also becomes harder as you grow older. You should begin studying no later than college. If you can find the time to purchase a language learning program and study prior to college, that could also be advantageous.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting LEGO's Attention and Getting Hired\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Participate in robotics competitions.\", \"描述\": \"If you can successfully build complex robotics with LEGOs, submit your designs to robotics competitions. LEGO might notice your accomplishments and begin to build a relationship with you.\\nConsider using online media to publicize your accomplishments. Build a website advertising your designs, tweet it to LEGO or post it on LEGO's Facebook wall.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Watch for LEGO job listings.\", \"描述\": \"LEGO lists all job openings on their website. Check in on them regularly and, if there is anything that you believe you are qualified for, send in your application. Sometimes it helps to start small and work your way up to more desirable jobs. If you get your foot in the door with a job at LEGO, you might eventually be able to move on to working as a designer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Research LEGO.\", \"描述\": \"LEGO is interested in applicants who love LEGO. To prove that you love LEGO in in your interview, you should know something about the company. How old is it? Where is it based? How have LEGO toys evolved over time?\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Write a resume and cover letter.\", \"描述\": \"These two documents are how you will advertise your skills to LEGO. Prioritize accomplishments that will speak to your qualifications. Give detailed descriptions of jobs you have performed in the field of engineering, computer science, or art.\\nWhen writing these documents be as specific and precise as possible, including concrete numbers whenever possible. Do not say that you \\\"Maximized efficiency\\\" at your previous company. Instead, say that \\\"Production increased by 30% within my first year.\\\"\\nResumes are often read quickly and superficially. To be successful, they must be easy to digest and arranged so that information can quickly be gleaned. The most relevant facts should be near the top, where they can quickly be picked up by the reader.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply.\", \"描述\": \"Even if there is no open positions listed online, you can apply when you have strong qualifications. Use Linkedin to see if you have any connections to the company. If so, ask that person to direct you to someone who would have the authority to hire you. Otherwise, use the company's website to find the head of a department that you would want to work for and send that person your application.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,471 |
How to Become a LaVeyan Satanist
|
1. Becoming a Member
1-1. Register with the Church of Satan.
The Church of Satan’s basic membership provides a crimson card of identification, and requires registration on their website. In addition to filling in your personal information, the church requires a fee of $225 in US dollars to become a member. Aside from this fee, you must also write a statement, signed and dated, requesting to join the Church of Satan. This material can be found on the Church of Satan website.
There are no local branches of the Church of Satan. All memberships are processed out of the New York office.
No other requirements or fees are required after this registration period.
Keep your membership card safe. It is how you will officially identify yourself to other members of the organization.
1-2. Apply to become an active member.
Download the Active Membership application and fill out the information required. Active members in the Church of Satan take a more visible role in church activities, and may be asked to represent Satanism in various functions.
Several questions on the application refer to The Satanic Bible. Make sure to do your homework before applying.
Read "The Satanic Scriptures" to gain more insight into what it means to be a Satanist, and the thought process behind the founders of the religion, to be better prepared for the application.
You must first be a registered member to become an active member.
1-3. Rise through the hierarchy.
Live like a Satanist and become a good reflection of the church to rise through the ranks. Though there is no official disclosed methodology for gaining rank, spreading good will regarding the church and representing its teachings in a positive light are advised for getting noticed and promoted by the higher ranking members of the church.
The Church of Satan has six ranks for its members: “Registered,” “Active Member,” “Witch/Warlock,” “Priestess/Priest,” “Magistra/Magister,” and “Maga/Magus.”
Holding a Third, Fourth, or Fifth degree considers you a part of the Priesthood of Mendes, and grants the title “Reverend.”
2. Studying the Tenets
2-1. Read the Satanic Bible.
Many of the theories and practices of Satanism are featured within the Satanic Bible, which was written by the founder of the religion, Anton Szandor LaVey. You should read the Satanic Bible prior to applying as a Satanist if possible, though it is not strictly necessary for basic membership.
The Satanic Bible is available at most book stores, as well on Amazon.com
Read literature that helped inspire The Church of Satan. to get a better idea of how you should behave. These include works by philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzche, Ayn Rand and Michael Foucault.
2-2. Acknowledge the Nine Satanic Statements.
The Nine Satanic Statements give a framework to the ideology and way of life for Satanists. Remember these statements during your journey as a Satanist in order to act in accord to the Church of Satan’s expectations.
Satan represents indulgence instead of abstinence!
Satan represents vital existence instead of spiritual pipe dreams!
Satan represents undefiled wisdom instead of hypocritical self-deceit!
Satan represents kindness to those who deserve it instead of love wasted on ingrates!
Satan represents vengeance instead of turning the other cheek!
Satan represents responsibility to the responsible instead of concern for psychic vampires!
Satan represents man as just another animal, sometimes better, more often worse than those that walk on all-fours, who, because of his “divine spiritual and intellectual development,” has become the most vicious animal of all!
Satan represents all of the so-called sins, as they all lead to physical, mental, or emotional gratification!
Satan has been the best friend the Church has ever had, as He has kept it in business all these years!
2-3. Know the Eleven Satanic Rules of the Earth.
These rules dictate how a Satanist should live their lives in accordance with the religion. Similar to the Ten Commandments, following these rules are meant to bring prosperity and goodness to you, and those around you. The aim of Satanism is not necessarily spreading good, but living in a way that brings you joy without harming others. The Satanic Rules reflect this. These are the Eleven Satanic Rules!
Do not give opinions or advice unless you are asked.
Do not tell your troubles to others unless you are sure they want to hear them.
When in another’s lair, show him respect or else do not go there.
If a guest in your lair annoys you, treat him cruelly and without mercy.
Do not make sexual advances unless you are given the mating signal.
Do not take that which does not belong to you unless it is a burden to the other person and he cries out to be relieved.
Acknowledge the power of magic if you have employed it successfully to obtain your desires. If you deny the power of magic after having called upon it with success, you will lose all you have obtained.
Do not complain about anything to which you need not subject yourself.
Do not harm little children.
Do not kill non-human animals unless you are attacked or for your food.
When walking in open territory, bother no one. If someone bothers you, ask him to stop. If he does not stop, destroy him.
2-4. Remember the Nine Satanic Sins.
The Nine Satanic Sins represent the attributes that Satanists are advised to avoid at all cost. In combination with the Satanic Rules of the Earth, they create a roadmap for the Satanist to live their life honestly and productively. Avoid these sins whenever possible.
Stupidity. The Satanist should endeavor to educate himself in all things.
Pretentiousness. Don’t posture as something greater than you are – this can lead to further sins.
Solipsism. Do not forget that the world includes many more than just yourself. Do unto others as they do unto you.
Self-deceit. Don’t act like something you know you are not.
Herd Conformity. The antithesis of thinking for yourself.
Lack of Perspective. Though independence is important in Satanism, do not let it cloud your judgment.
Forgetfulness of Past Orthodoxies. Move forward with your future, but never forget the past.
Counterproductive Pride. Pride is important for recognizing your worth, but do not let it get you in over your head.
Lack of Aesthetics. Take care of yourself and your body.
3. Living as a Satanist
3-1. Live life independently.
The Church of Satan espouses independent thinking as one of its greatest traits. For the Church of Satan, “Satan” represents the power of choice. You are free to disagree with others – even other Satanists.
Part of being independent is questioning your own beliefs and assumptions. Satanism is steeped heavily in questioning the things around you.
Make your own decisions. Don’t feel the need to agree with a fellow Satanist just because they are a Satanist. It is expected that you make your own decisions and hold your own opinions to truly be independent.
3-2. Practice rituals.
Rituals, also known as “Greater” and “Lesser Magic,” serve as a practice designed to self-actualize one’s desires. Much like meditation or yoga, rituals involve focusing the mind on a particular goal or manner of thinking to achieve that goal.
Rituals need not be performed under candlelight or the dark of the moon. Concentration and the ability to focus are all that is necessary. You can achieve this however works best for you.
Greater Magic is concerned with the self, and changing your own thoughts and feelings.
Lesser Magic is concerned with changing the thoughts and feelings of others through your own efforts.
3-3. Find other members.
Members of the Church of Satan used to meet in “grottos” to socialize and discuss the church. Though they no longer exist officially, members still gather together, though no official channel for discovering gatherings exist.
Independent channels such as Craigslist or Backpage can be helpful in finding likeminded individuals.
Some social websites exist for finding fellow Satanists, including the Satanic International Network.
Take care when meeting strangers. Make sure they are official card carrying members of the religion, and remember, you won't necessarily get on with or agree with every Satanist you meet!
3-4. Celebrate holidays as a Satanist.
The biggest holiday for those living as Satanists is the follower’s own birthday. As a self-centered religion, no day is a greater celebration of the self than your birthday. Take it seriously, and throw yourself a tremendous celebration.
Satanists also worship nature, making the changing of seasons, such as the equinox or solstices, a great chance for celebration.
Halloween is celebrated for what it has become. Many Satanists enjoy the idea that, just once a year, the general public is willing to become self-centered.
Christmas is considered a celebration of indulgence after the original Pagan holiday Saturnalia. Thus, despite what Christmas stands for to Christians, Satanists have no issues celebrating this holiday. Buy presents for your friends, drink, and have fun!
3-5. Indulge responsibly.
If a substance is legal, you may partake in the substance. However, the Church of Satan urges indulgence, not compulsion. Addiction runs against the ideals of the Church of Satan. Survival is among the highest of laws!
Satanists are advised to engage in illegal substances at their own peril. Though independence is important to Satanists, the church does not condone illegal activities.
Tips
When researching Satanism, be certain that you are reading from credible sources. You can find a list of these sources on The Church of Satan website.
Remember that Laveyan Satanists are atheistic in nature meaning that they do not believe in the supernatural.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:05",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Becoming a Member\\n1-1. Register with the Church of Satan.\\nThe Church of Satan’s basic membership provides a crimson card of identification, and requires registration on their website. In addition to filling in your personal information, the church requires a fee of $225 in US dollars to become a member. Aside from this fee, you must also write a statement, signed and dated, requesting to join the Church of Satan. This material can be found on the Church of Satan website.\\nThere are no local branches of the Church of Satan. All memberships are processed out of the New York office.\\nNo other requirements or fees are required after this registration period.\\nKeep your membership card safe. It is how you will officially identify yourself to other members of the organization.\\n1-2. Apply to become an active member.\\nDownload the Active Membership application and fill out the information required. Active members in the Church of Satan take a more visible role in church activities, and may be asked to represent Satanism in various functions.\\nSeveral questions on the application refer to The Satanic Bible. Make sure to do your homework before applying.\\nRead \\\"The Satanic Scriptures\\\" to gain more insight into what it means to be a Satanist, and the thought process behind the founders of the religion, to be better prepared for the application.\\nYou must first be a registered member to become an active member.\\n1-3. Rise through the hierarchy.\\nLive like a Satanist and become a good reflection of the church to rise through the ranks. Though there is no official disclosed methodology for gaining rank, spreading good will regarding the church and representing its teachings in a positive light are advised for getting noticed and promoted by the higher ranking members of the church.\\nThe Church of Satan has six ranks for its members: “Registered,” “Active Member,” “Witch/Warlock,” “Priestess/Priest,” “Magistra/Magister,” and “Maga/Magus.”\\nHolding a Third, Fourth, or Fifth degree considers you a part of the Priesthood of Mendes, and grants the title “Reverend.”\\n2. Studying the Tenets\\n2-1. Read the Satanic Bible.\\nMany of the theories and practices of Satanism are featured within the Satanic Bible, which was written by the founder of the religion, Anton Szandor LaVey. You should read the Satanic Bible prior to applying as a Satanist if possible, though it is not strictly necessary for basic membership.\\nThe Satanic Bible is available at most book stores, as well on Amazon.com\\nRead literature that helped inspire The Church of Satan. to get a better idea of how you should behave. These include works by philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzche, Ayn Rand and Michael Foucault.\\n2-2. Acknowledge the Nine Satanic Statements.\\nThe Nine Satanic Statements give a framework to the ideology and way of life for Satanists. Remember these statements during your journey as a Satanist in order to act in accord to the Church of Satan’s expectations.\\nSatan represents indulgence instead of abstinence!\\nSatan represents vital existence instead of spiritual pipe dreams!\\nSatan represents undefiled wisdom instead of hypocritical self-deceit!\\nSatan represents kindness to those who deserve it instead of love wasted on ingrates!\\nSatan represents vengeance instead of turning the other cheek!\\nSatan represents responsibility to the responsible instead of concern for psychic vampires!\\nSatan represents man as just another animal, sometimes better, more often worse than those that walk on all-fours, who, because of his “divine spiritual and intellectual development,” has become the most vicious animal of all!\\nSatan represents all of the so-called sins, as they all lead to physical, mental, or emotional gratification!\\nSatan has been the best friend the Church has ever had, as He has kept it in business all these years!\\n2-3. Know the Eleven Satanic Rules of the Earth.\\nThese rules dictate how a Satanist should live their lives in accordance with the religion. Similar to the Ten Commandments, following these rules are meant to bring prosperity and goodness to you, and those around you. The aim of Satanism is not necessarily spreading good, but living in a way that brings you joy without harming others. The Satanic Rules reflect this. These are the Eleven Satanic Rules!\\nDo not give opinions or advice unless you are asked.\\nDo not tell your troubles to others unless you are sure they want to hear them.\\nWhen in another’s lair, show him respect or else do not go there.\\nIf a guest in your lair annoys you, treat him cruelly and without mercy.\\nDo not make sexual advances unless you are given the mating signal.\\nDo not take that which does not belong to you unless it is a burden to the other person and he cries out to be relieved.\\nAcknowledge the power of magic if you have employed it successfully to obtain your desires. If you deny the power of magic after having called upon it with success, you will lose all you have obtained.\\nDo not complain about anything to which you need not subject yourself.\\nDo not harm little children.\\nDo not kill non-human animals unless you are attacked or for your food.\\nWhen walking in open territory, bother no one. If someone bothers you, ask him to stop. If he does not stop, destroy him.\\n2-4. Remember the Nine Satanic Sins.\\nThe Nine Satanic Sins represent the attributes that Satanists are advised to avoid at all cost. In combination with the Satanic Rules of the Earth, they create a roadmap for the Satanist to live their life honestly and productively. Avoid these sins whenever possible.\\nStupidity. The Satanist should endeavor to educate himself in all things.\\nPretentiousness. Don’t posture as something greater than you are – this can lead to further sins.\\nSolipsism. Do not forget that the world includes many more than just yourself. Do unto others as they do unto you.\\nSelf-deceit. Don’t act like something you know you are not.\\nHerd Conformity. The antithesis of thinking for yourself.\\nLack of Perspective. Though independence is important in Satanism, do not let it cloud your judgment.\\nForgetfulness of Past Orthodoxies. Move forward with your future, but never forget the past.\\nCounterproductive Pride. Pride is important for recognizing your worth, but do not let it get you in over your head.\\nLack of Aesthetics. Take care of yourself and your body.\\n3. Living as a Satanist\\n3-1. Live life independently.\\nThe Church of Satan espouses independent thinking as one of its greatest traits. For the Church of Satan, “Satan” represents the power of choice. You are free to disagree with others – even other Satanists.\\nPart of being independent is questioning your own beliefs and assumptions. Satanism is steeped heavily in questioning the things around you.\\nMake your own decisions. Don’t feel the need to agree with a fellow Satanist just because they are a Satanist. It is expected that you make your own decisions and hold your own opinions to truly be independent.\\n3-2. Practice rituals.\\nRituals, also known as “Greater” and “Lesser Magic,” serve as a practice designed to self-actualize one’s desires. Much like meditation or yoga, rituals involve focusing the mind on a particular goal or manner of thinking to achieve that goal.\\nRituals need not be performed under candlelight or the dark of the moon. Concentration and the ability to focus are all that is necessary. You can achieve this however works best for you.\\nGreater Magic is concerned with the self, and changing your own thoughts and feelings.\\nLesser Magic is concerned with changing the thoughts and feelings of others through your own efforts.\\n3-3. Find other members.\\nMembers of the Church of Satan used to meet in “grottos” to socialize and discuss the church. Though they no longer exist officially, members still gather together, though no official channel for discovering gatherings exist.\\nIndependent channels such as Craigslist or Backpage can be helpful in finding likeminded individuals.\\nSome social websites exist for finding fellow Satanists, including the Satanic International Network.\\nTake care when meeting strangers. Make sure they are official card carrying members of the religion, and remember, you won't necessarily get on with or agree with every Satanist you meet!\\n3-4. Celebrate holidays as a Satanist.\\nThe biggest holiday for those living as Satanists is the follower’s own birthday. As a self-centered religion, no day is a greater celebration of the self than your birthday. Take it seriously, and throw yourself a tremendous celebration.\\nSatanists also worship nature, making the changing of seasons, such as the equinox or solstices, a great chance for celebration.\\nHalloween is celebrated for what it has become. Many Satanists enjoy the idea that, just once a year, the general public is willing to become self-centered.\\nChristmas is considered a celebration of indulgence after the original Pagan holiday Saturnalia. Thus, despite what Christmas stands for to Christians, Satanists have no issues celebrating this holiday. Buy presents for your friends, drink, and have fun!\\n3-5. Indulge responsibly.\\nIf a substance is legal, you may partake in the substance. However, the Church of Satan urges indulgence, not compulsion. Addiction runs against the ideals of the Church of Satan. Survival is among the highest of laws!\\nSatanists are advised to engage in illegal substances at their own peril. Though independence is important to Satanists, the church does not condone illegal activities.\\nTips\\nWhen researching Satanism, be certain that you are reading from credible sources. You can find a list of these sources on The Church of Satan website.\\nRemember that Laveyan Satanists are atheistic in nature meaning that they do not believe in the supernatural.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Despite the name, Laveyan Satanism has little to do with Satan from the Christian Bible. In fact, Laveyan Satanists do not even believe in the devil. Created by Anton Szandor LaVey in 1966, Satanism is an atheistic “religion” focusing on pride, originality and strength. Satanism is, at its core, individualism and free thinking. One need only live their life according to a few simple tenets to be considered a Satanist, but there are a few ways you can become officially recognized.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Member\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Register with the Church of Satan.\", \"描述\": \"The Church of Satan’s basic membership provides a crimson card of identification, and requires registration on their website. In addition to filling in your personal information, the church requires a fee of $225 in US dollars to become a member. Aside from this fee, you must also write a statement, signed and dated, requesting to join the Church of Satan. This material can be found on the Church of Satan website.\\nThere are no local branches of the Church of Satan. All memberships are processed out of the New York office.\\nNo other requirements or fees are required after this registration period.\\nKeep your membership card safe. It is how you will officially identify yourself to other members of the organization.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply to become an active member.\", \"描述\": \"Download the Active Membership application and fill out the information required. Active members in the Church of Satan take a more visible role in church activities, and may be asked to represent Satanism in various functions.\\nSeveral questions on the application refer to The Satanic Bible. Make sure to do your homework before applying.\\nRead \\\"The Satanic Scriptures\\\" to gain more insight into what it means to be a Satanist, and the thought process behind the founders of the religion, to be better prepared for the application.\\nYou must first be a registered member to become an active member.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Rise through the hierarchy.\", \"描述\": \"Live like a Satanist and become a good reflection of the church to rise through the ranks. Though there is no official disclosed methodology for gaining rank, spreading good will regarding the church and representing its teachings in a positive light are advised for getting noticed and promoted by the higher ranking members of the church.\\nThe Church of Satan has six ranks for its members: “Registered,” “Active Member,” “Witch/Warlock,” “Priestess/Priest,” “Magistra/Magister,” and “Maga/Magus.”\\nHolding a Third, Fourth, or Fifth degree considers you a part of the Priesthood of Mendes, and grants the title “Reverend.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Studying the Tenets\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Read the Satanic Bible.\", \"描述\": \"Many of the theories and practices of Satanism are featured within the Satanic Bible, which was written by the founder of the religion, Anton Szandor LaVey. You should read the Satanic Bible prior to applying as a Satanist if possible, though it is not strictly necessary for basic membership.\\nThe Satanic Bible is available at most book stores, as well on Amazon.com\\nRead literature that helped inspire The Church of Satan. to get a better idea of how you should behave. These include works by philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzche, Ayn Rand and Michael Foucault.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Acknowledge the Nine Satanic Statements.\", \"描述\": \"The Nine Satanic Statements give a framework to the ideology and way of life for Satanists. Remember these statements during your journey as a Satanist in order to act in accord to the Church of Satan’s expectations.\\nSatan represents indulgence instead of abstinence!\\nSatan represents vital existence instead of spiritual pipe dreams!\\nSatan represents undefiled wisdom instead of hypocritical self-deceit!\\nSatan represents kindness to those who deserve it instead of love wasted on ingrates!\\nSatan represents vengeance instead of turning the other cheek!\\nSatan represents responsibility to the responsible instead of concern for psychic vampires!\\nSatan represents man as just another animal, sometimes better, more often worse than those that walk on all-fours, who, because of his “divine spiritual and intellectual development,” has become the most vicious animal of all!\\nSatan represents all of the so-called sins, as they all lead to physical, mental, or emotional gratification!\\nSatan has been the best friend the Church has ever had, as He has kept it in business all these years!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Know the Eleven Satanic Rules of the Earth.\", \"描述\": \"These rules dictate how a Satanist should live their lives in accordance with the religion. Similar to the Ten Commandments, following these rules are meant to bring prosperity and goodness to you, and those around you. The aim of Satanism is not necessarily spreading good, but living in a way that brings you joy without harming others. The Satanic Rules reflect this. These are the Eleven Satanic Rules!\\nDo not give opinions or advice unless you are asked.\\nDo not tell your troubles to others unless you are sure they want to hear them.\\nWhen in another’s lair, show him respect or else do not go there.\\nIf a guest in your lair annoys you, treat him cruelly and without mercy.\\nDo not make sexual advances unless you are given the mating signal.\\nDo not take that which does not belong to you unless it is a burden to the other person and he cries out to be relieved.\\nAcknowledge the power of magic if you have employed it successfully to obtain your desires. If you deny the power of magic after having called upon it with success, you will lose all you have obtained.\\nDo not complain about anything to which you need not subject yourself.\\nDo not harm little children.\\nDo not kill non-human animals unless you are attacked or for your food.\\nWhen walking in open territory, bother no one. If someone bothers you, ask him to stop. If he does not stop, destroy him.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Remember the Nine Satanic Sins.\", \"描述\": \"The Nine Satanic Sins represent the attributes that Satanists are advised to avoid at all cost. In combination with the Satanic Rules of the Earth, they create a roadmap for the Satanist to live their life honestly and productively. Avoid these sins whenever possible.\\nStupidity. The Satanist should endeavor to educate himself in all things.\\nPretentiousness. Don’t posture as something greater than you are – this can lead to further sins.\\nSolipsism. Do not forget that the world includes many more than just yourself. Do unto others as they do unto you.\\nSelf-deceit. Don’t act like something you know you are not.\\nHerd Conformity. The antithesis of thinking for yourself.\\nLack of Perspective. Though independence is important in Satanism, do not let it cloud your judgment.\\nForgetfulness of Past Orthodoxies. Move forward with your future, but never forget the past.\\nCounterproductive Pride. Pride is important for recognizing your worth, but do not let it get you in over your head.\\nLack of Aesthetics. Take care of yourself and your body.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Living as a Satanist\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Live life independently.\", \"描述\": \"The Church of Satan espouses independent thinking as one of its greatest traits. For the Church of Satan, “Satan” represents the power of choice. You are free to disagree with others – even other Satanists.\\nPart of being independent is questioning your own beliefs and assumptions. Satanism is steeped heavily in questioning the things around you.\\nMake your own decisions. Don’t feel the need to agree with a fellow Satanist just because they are a Satanist. It is expected that you make your own decisions and hold your own opinions to truly be independent.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice rituals.\", \"描述\": \"Rituals, also known as “Greater” and “Lesser Magic,” serve as a practice designed to self-actualize one’s desires. Much like meditation or yoga, rituals involve focusing the mind on a particular goal or manner of thinking to achieve that goal.\\nRituals need not be performed under candlelight or the dark of the moon. Concentration and the ability to focus are all that is necessary. You can achieve this however works best for you.\\nGreater Magic is concerned with the self, and changing your own thoughts and feelings.\\nLesser Magic is concerned with changing the thoughts and feelings of others through your own efforts.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find other members.\", \"描述\": \"Members of the Church of Satan used to meet in “grottos” to socialize and discuss the church. Though they no longer exist officially, members still gather together, though no official channel for discovering gatherings exist.\\nIndependent channels such as Craigslist or Backpage can be helpful in finding likeminded individuals.\\nSome social websites exist for finding fellow Satanists, including the Satanic International Network.\\nTake care when meeting strangers. Make sure they are official card carrying members of the religion, and remember, you won't necessarily get on with or agree with every Satanist you meet!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Celebrate holidays as a Satanist.\", \"描述\": \"The biggest holiday for those living as Satanists is the follower’s own birthday. As a self-centered religion, no day is a greater celebration of the self than your birthday. Take it seriously, and throw yourself a tremendous celebration.\\nSatanists also worship nature, making the changing of seasons, such as the equinox or solstices, a great chance for celebration.\\nHalloween is celebrated for what it has become. Many Satanists enjoy the idea that, just once a year, the general public is willing to become self-centered.\\nChristmas is considered a celebration of indulgence after the original Pagan holiday Saturnalia. Thus, despite what Christmas stands for to Christians, Satanists have no issues celebrating this holiday. Buy presents for your friends, drink, and have fun!\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Indulge responsibly.\", \"描述\": \"If a substance is legal, you may partake in the substance. However, the Church of Satan urges indulgence, not compulsion. Addiction runs against the ideals of the Church of Satan. Survival is among the highest of laws!\\nSatanists are advised to engage in illegal substances at their own peril. Though independence is important to Satanists, the church does not condone illegal activities.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"When researching Satanism, be certain that you are reading from credible sources. You can find a list of these sources on The Church of Satan website.\\n\", \"Remember that Laveyan Satanists are atheistic in nature meaning that they do not believe in the supernatural.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,472 |
How to Become a Lactation Consultant
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1. Meeting the Educational Requirements
1-1. Meet the requirements of a health sciences education program.
Most health professional must study and complete an education program in health science, which involves 14 subjects described in the IBLCE's Health Sciences Education Guide. They include nutrition, biology, anatomy, psychology, and other subjects.
If you are already a Registered Nurse or another health professional recognized by the IBLCE, you can demonstrate your completion of health sciences education by submitting copies of your license, registration, transcript, and degree to the IBLCE with your application materials.
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If you are not already a health professional, enrolling in a nursing program is the best way to obtain the education you need to become a lactation consultant.
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If you prefer not to enroll in a nursing program, you will need to complete the following college and continuing education courses:
Biology
Human Anatomy
Human Physiology
Infant and Child Growth and Development
Nutrition
Psychology or Counseling or Communication Skills
Introduction to Research
Sociology or Cultural Sensitivity or Cultural Anthropology
Basic life support (for example, CPR)
Medical documentation
Medical terminology
Occupational safety and security for health professionals
Professional ethics for health professionals
Universal safety precautions and infection control
Alternatively, you could also become a La Leche Leader for the La Leche League, a volunteer program in which experienced breastfeeders help other women learn how to breastfeed.
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1-2. Get Lactation Specific Clinical Experience.
This means experience providing lactation assistance to pregnant and breastfeeding women and educating families under supervision. Contact IBLCE to find an approved program you can participate in to complete this requirement.
You must have experience in consulting with women from pre-conception all the way through the weaning process.
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The IBLCE exam will test your knowledge of clinical skills you have mastered.
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Depending on what pathway you choose, you will need from 300 to 1,000 hours of Lactation Specific Clinical Experience in order to sit for the IBLCE exam. clinic hours must have taken place in the 5 years prior to the exam.
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1-3. Complete Lactation Specific Education.
You will need to sign up for a Lactation Education program and complete 90 hours of coursework in order to be permitted to sit for the IBLCE exam. The coursework covers the history of lactation consulting and many disciplines related to breastfeeding.
Find a program that is meant to prepare you for the IBLCE Exam Blueprint. Since the IBLCE does not recommend any particular program, it's important to find one that is reputable and has adequately prepared people to take and pass the exam.
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The Lactation Specific Education must have been completed within the 5 years prior to the exam.
2. Picking a Pathway to Certification
2-1. Choose the path of recognized health professionals.
If you are already a health professional and have taken the necessary coursework involved in Health Sciences Education, you may choose this pathway to eligibility for the IBLCE exam. Requirements include:
1,000 hours of lactation specific clinical practice supervised by someone familiar with breastfeeding. The hours must be conducted within the 5 years immediately prior to your exam.
90 hours of lactation specific education completed within the 5 years immediately prior to your exam.
2-2. Choose the path of accredited academic programs.
You may choose this path if you decide to enroll in an accredited program in order to complete your Health Sciences Education coursework, but you are a not a health professional. You must graduate from an academic program in human lactation and breastfeeding. Requirements include:
300 hours of directly supervised lactation specific clinical practice (where "directly supervised" means supervision by a certified ICBLC. The hours must be conducted within the 5 years immediately prior to your exam.
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90 hours of lactation specific education completed within the 5 years immediately prior to your exam.
2-3. Choose the mentorship path.
On this path, you work with an IBCLC who serves as your mentor during the process of completing your Health Sciences Education coursework. Be sure your mentor has been approved by the IBLCE before starting. Requirements for this path include:
500 hours of directly supervised lactation specific clinical practice completed within the 5 years prior to your exam.
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90 hours of lactation specific education completed within the 5 years prior to your exam.
3. Getting Certified
3-1. Complete the application form and receive a test date.
When you've fulfilled all of the requirements, complete the IBLCE application form. Return it to the IBLCE to set up an exam date.
Pay the application fee when you send in the form. It ranges from $255 to $660, depending on what country you live in.
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Schedule a test date at a IBLCE testing center.
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The exam is given just twice a year, so be aware of the deadlines or you'll have to wait another 6 months before you can take the exam.
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3-2. Pass the exam and receive certification.
Once you take and pass the exam, you will become an ICBLC. This means you are certified to work as a lactation consultant at a hospital, at a health clinic, or in assistance to a midwife. You can also work on your own with individual mothers.
Tips
Speak in depth with someone who is already a certified lactation consultant to find out if this is really for you. This profession is relatively new to the job market and there are not that many certified breastfeeding consultants.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:55:05",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting the Educational Requirements\\n1-1. Meet the requirements of a health sciences education program.\\nMost health professional must study and complete an education program in health science, which involves 14 subjects described in the IBLCE's Health Sciences Education Guide. They include nutrition, biology, anatomy, psychology, and other subjects.\\nIf you are already a Registered Nurse or another health professional recognized by the IBLCE, you can demonstrate your completion of health sciences education by submitting copies of your license, registration, transcript, and degree to the IBLCE with your application materials.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/3\\\\/39\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/3\\\\/39\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nIf you are not already a health professional, enrolling in a nursing program is the best way to obtain the education you need to become a lactation consultant.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/5\\\\/5f\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/5\\\\/5f\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet2.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nIf you prefer not to enroll in a nursing program, you will need to complete the following college and continuing education courses:\\nBiology\\nHuman Anatomy\\nHuman Physiology\\nInfant and Child Growth and Development\\nNutrition\\nPsychology or Counseling or Communication Skills\\nIntroduction to Research\\nSociology or Cultural Sensitivity or Cultural Anthropology\\nBasic life support (for example, CPR)\\nMedical documentation\\nMedical terminology\\nOccupational safety and security for health professionals\\nProfessional ethics for health professionals\\nUniversal safety precautions and infection control\\n\\nAlternatively, you could also become a La Leche Leader for the La Leche League, a volunteer program in which experienced breastfeeders help other women learn how to breastfeed.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/2\\\\/28\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet4.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet4.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/2\\\\/28\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet4.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet4.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n1-2. Get Lactation Specific Clinical Experience.\\nThis means experience providing lactation assistance to pregnant and breastfeeding women and educating families under supervision. Contact IBLCE to find an approved program you can participate in to complete this requirement.\\nYou must have experience in consulting with women from pre-conception all the way through the weaning process.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/d\\\\/d6\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/d\\\\/d6\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nThe IBLCE exam will test your knowledge of clinical skills you have mastered.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/d\\\\/d2\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/d\\\\/d2\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet2.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nDepending on what pathway you choose, you will need from 300 to 1,000 hours of Lactation Specific Clinical Experience in order to sit for the IBLCE exam. clinic hours must have taken place in the 5 years prior to the exam.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/f\\\\/fe\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet3.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet3.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/f\\\\/fe\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet3.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet3.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n1-3. Complete Lactation Specific Education.\\nYou will need to sign up for a Lactation Education program and complete 90 hours of coursework in order to be permitted to sit for the IBLCE exam. The coursework covers the history of lactation consulting and many disciplines related to breastfeeding.\\nFind a program that is meant to prepare you for the IBLCE Exam Blueprint. Since the IBLCE does not recommend any particular program, it's important to find one that is reputable and has adequately prepared people to take and pass the exam.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/2\\\\/26\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/2\\\\/26\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nThe Lactation Specific Education must have been completed within the 5 years prior to the exam.\\n2. Picking a Pathway to Certification\\n2-1. Choose the path of recognized health professionals.\\nIf you are already a health professional and have taken the necessary coursework involved in Health Sciences Education, you may choose this pathway to eligibility for the IBLCE exam. Requirements include:\\n1,000 hours of lactation specific clinical practice supervised by someone familiar with breastfeeding. The hours must be conducted within the 5 years immediately prior to your exam.\\n90 hours of lactation specific education completed within the 5 years immediately prior to your exam.\\n2-2. Choose the path of accredited academic programs.\\nYou may choose this path if you decide to enroll in an accredited program in order to complete your Health Sciences Education coursework, but you are a not a health professional. You must graduate from an academic program in human lactation and breastfeeding. Requirements include:\\n300 hours of directly supervised lactation specific clinical practice (where \\\"directly supervised\\\" means supervision by a certified ICBLC. The hours must be conducted within the 5 years immediately prior to your exam.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/0\\\\/0a\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/0\\\\/0a\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n90 hours of lactation specific education completed within the 5 years immediately prior to your exam.\\n2-3. Choose the mentorship path.\\nOn this path, you work with an IBCLC who serves as your mentor during the process of completing your Health Sciences Education coursework. Be sure your mentor has been approved by the IBLCE before starting. Requirements for this path include:\\n500 hours of directly supervised lactation specific clinical practice completed within the 5 years prior to your exam.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/44\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-6Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-6Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/44\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-6Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-6Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n90 hours of lactation specific education completed within the 5 years prior to your exam.\\n3. Getting Certified\\n3-1. Complete the application form and receive a test date.\\nWhen you've fulfilled all of the requirements, complete the IBLCE application form. Return it to the IBLCE to set up an exam date.\\nPay the application fee when you send in the form. It ranges from $255 to $660, depending on what country you live in.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/2\\\\/21\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/2\\\\/21\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nSchedule a test date at a IBLCE testing center.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/b\\\\/bd\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/b\\\\/bd\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet2.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nThe exam is given just twice a year, so be aware of the deadlines or you'll have to wait another 6 months before you can take the exam.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/48\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet3.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet3.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/48\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet3.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet3.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n3-2. Pass the exam and receive certification.\\nOnce you take and pass the exam, you will become an ICBLC. This means you are certified to work as a lactation consultant at a hospital, at a health clinic, or in assistance to a midwife. You can also work on your own with individual mothers.\\nTips\\nSpeak in depth with someone who is already a certified lactation consultant to find out if this is really for you. This profession is relatively new to the job market and there are not that many certified breastfeeding consultants.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The practice of breastfeeding is a natural part of being a mother, but it takes skill and using the proper technique to do it successfully. That's where lactation consultants come in. Lactation consultants are trained to help new mothers prevent and solve problems with breastfeeding, and with breastfeeding on the rise, the profession is growing every year. To become a lactation consultant, it is necessary to get certified by the International Board of Lactation Consultant Examiners (IBLCE). Once you receive certification, you may work with a hospital or health clinic as a certified consultant. Read on to learn more about the process.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting the Educational Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet the requirements of a health sciences education program.\", \"描述\": \"Most health professional must study and complete an education program in health science, which involves 14 subjects described in the IBLCE's Health Sciences Education Guide. They include nutrition, biology, anatomy, psychology, and other subjects.\\nIf you are already a Registered Nurse or another health professional recognized by the IBLCE, you can demonstrate your completion of health sciences education by submitting copies of your license, registration, transcript, and degree to the IBLCE with your application materials.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/3\\\\/39\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/3\\\\/39\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nIf you are not already a health professional, enrolling in a nursing program is the best way to obtain the education you need to become a lactation consultant.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/5\\\\/5f\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/5\\\\/5f\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet2.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nIf you prefer not to enroll in a nursing program, you will need to complete the following college and continuing education courses:\\nBiology\\nHuman Anatomy\\nHuman Physiology\\nInfant and Child Growth and Development\\nNutrition\\nPsychology or Counseling or Communication Skills\\nIntroduction to Research\\nSociology or Cultural Sensitivity or Cultural Anthropology\\nBasic life support (for example, CPR)\\nMedical documentation\\nMedical terminology\\nOccupational safety and security for health professionals\\nProfessional ethics for health professionals\\nUniversal safety precautions and infection control\\n\\nAlternatively, you could also become a La Leche Leader for the La Leche League, a volunteer program in which experienced breastfeeders help other women learn how to breastfeed.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/2\\\\/28\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet4.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet4.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/2\\\\/28\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet4.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-1Bullet4.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get Lactation Specific Clinical Experience.\", \"描述\": \"This means experience providing lactation assistance to pregnant and breastfeeding women and educating families under supervision. Contact IBLCE to find an approved program you can participate in to complete this requirement.\\nYou must have experience in consulting with women from pre-conception all the way through the weaning process.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/d\\\\/d6\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/d\\\\/d6\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nThe IBLCE exam will test your knowledge of clinical skills you have mastered.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/d\\\\/d2\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/d\\\\/d2\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet2.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nDepending on what pathway you choose, you will need from 300 to 1,000 hours of Lactation Specific Clinical Experience in order to sit for the IBLCE exam. clinic hours must have taken place in the 5 years prior to the exam.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/f\\\\/fe\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet3.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet3.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/f\\\\/fe\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet3.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-2Bullet3.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete Lactation Specific Education.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to sign up for a Lactation Education program and complete 90 hours of coursework in order to be permitted to sit for the IBLCE exam. The coursework covers the history of lactation consulting and many disciplines related to breastfeeding.\\nFind a program that is meant to prepare you for the IBLCE Exam Blueprint. Since the IBLCE does not recommend any particular program, it's important to find one that is reputable and has adequately prepared people to take and pass the exam.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/2\\\\/26\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/2\\\\/26\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-3Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nThe Lactation Specific Education must have been completed within the 5 years prior to the exam.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Picking a Pathway to Certification\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose the path of recognized health professionals.\", \"描述\": \"If you are already a health professional and have taken the necessary coursework involved in Health Sciences Education, you may choose this pathway to eligibility for the IBLCE exam. Requirements include:\\n1,000 hours of lactation specific clinical practice supervised by someone familiar with breastfeeding. The hours must be conducted within the 5 years immediately prior to your exam.\\n90 hours of lactation specific education completed within the 5 years immediately prior to your exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose the path of accredited academic programs.\", \"描述\": \"You may choose this path if you decide to enroll in an accredited program in order to complete your Health Sciences Education coursework, but you are a not a health professional. You must graduate from an academic program in human lactation and breastfeeding. Requirements include:\\n300 hours of directly supervised lactation specific clinical practice (where \\\"directly supervised\\\" means supervision by a certified ICBLC. The hours must be conducted within the 5 years immediately prior to your exam.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/0\\\\/0a\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/0\\\\/0a\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-5Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n90 hours of lactation specific education completed within the 5 years immediately prior to your exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose the mentorship path.\", \"描述\": \"On this path, you work with an IBCLC who serves as your mentor during the process of completing your Health Sciences Education coursework. Be sure your mentor has been approved by the IBLCE before starting. Requirements for this path include:\\n500 hours of directly supervised lactation specific clinical practice completed within the 5 years prior to your exam.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/44\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-6Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-6Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/44\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-6Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-6Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n90 hours of lactation specific education completed within the 5 years prior to your exam.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Certified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete the application form and receive a test date.\", \"描述\": \"When you've fulfilled all of the requirements, complete the IBLCE application form. Return it to the IBLCE to set up an exam date.\\nPay the application fee when you send in the form. It ranges from $255 to $660, depending on what country you live in.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/2\\\\/21\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/2\\\\/21\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nSchedule a test date at a IBLCE testing center.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/b\\\\/bd\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/b\\\\/bd\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet2.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nThe exam is given just twice a year, so be aware of the deadlines or you'll have to wait another 6 months before you can take the exam.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/48\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet3.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet3.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/48\\\\/Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet3.jpg\\\\/aid1399540-v4-728px-Become-a-Lactation-Consultant-Step-7Bullet3.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":345,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":546,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/3.0\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pass the exam and receive certification.\", \"描述\": \"Once you take and pass the exam, you will become an ICBLC. This means you are certified to work as a lactation consultant at a hospital, at a health clinic, or in assistance to a midwife. You can also work on your own with individual mothers.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Speak in depth with someone who is already a certified lactation consultant to find out if this is really for you. This profession is relatively new to the job market and there are not that many certified breastfeeding consultants.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
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wikihow
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5,473 |
How to Become a Ladies' Man
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1. Making Her Smile and Laugh
1-1. Make her laugh.
Research shows a humorous man is a desired man. It’s theorized a sense of humor is an evolutionary sign of attractiveness because being humorous requires intelligence. Some tests have shown making a woman laugh improves your odds by nearly three to one. If you make a lady laugh, you’re golden.
Try listening to some comedians, taking their material, and fitting it to your personal situation.
1-2. Be self-deprecating.
Making her laugh is a great way to win her over, but making her laugh at your expense shows great confidence. It might be best to let her get to know you before trying this type of humor. Once she knows you are confident, she will certainly know you are joking when you use self-deprecating jokes. The trick to being self-deprecating is to make her laugh without believing how you just put yourself down. You don’t mean it, and she doesn’t believe it.
"I have the body of a football player — fantasy football."
"I walk two miles a day. One to the donut shop, and one home."
1-3. Compliment women regularly.
Guys who have compliments readily available are ready for any situation. Finding the right time to unleash the perfect compliment can flip a switch in another’s mind from disinterested to piqued. Avoid cheesy pickup lines and go for something unique and specific to her that will attract her attention. Keep trying and you’ll eventually find the right type of compliment that wins women over.
Use an uncommon word. Instead of beautiful, use “stunning.”
"The confidence you exude is really sexy."
"You really know a lot about this subject. You must be very intelligent."
1-4. Improve your charm.
Being charming is not that difficult. In fact, some argue the average man can be a ladies' man and just as charming as any other. Truly being charming is about paying attention to a woman, and turning her on based upon that shared connection.
Being able to intelligently converse with a woman is a huge turn on. Learn her keys, what she likes to hear, and time your replies to let her know you're really inside her head.
Be genuinely interested in her. Ask her about her likes, dislikes, family, travel plans, dreams, etc.
Show your vulnerabilities. Many women are self-conscious, and it's comforting to see a man that has own flaws.
2. Displaying Confident Body Language
2-1. Smile often.
Confident people smile a lot. It shows charisma. Smiling more often will make you more attractive to women, and it has added health, stress, and psychological benefits. Some studies even suggest it can change your mood and make you happier.
2-2. Show presence.
When you are around others you need presence. You need to grab attention. One way to do this is to take up a larger or higher space. Being larger and higher instinctively conveys strength. Additionally, it has an impact on boosting testosterone levels. Try a few of the following techniques to convey the image that will draw the right attention:
Practice good posture. Aside from positive health benefits, looking taller and more confident shows a degree of control.
Stand with your arms a little wider than normal, or with your hands on your hips.
Keep your arms and legs uncrossed. Crossing your arms and legs gives off a timid vibe. Uncross, remain relatively still and try not to revert back into bad habits of looking defensive.
2-3. Make a grand entrance.
You want to be noticed. Being the center of attention, even if for a brief moment, is key to gaining the eyes of the women in the room. Take your time upon entering by pausing at the entrance where everyone can see you.
Arrive on time. Being fashionably late is not really preferred. You don’t want to appear to be someone who is disorganized and not in control.
Make the entrance fit the situation. There is a fine line between getting everyone’s attention and being narcissistic.
Look like wherever you are is the place you’re most happy. If people believe you’re excited about the situation, your positive vibe will rub off.
2-4. Do not fidget.
Moving around a lot gives off an uncertain or nervous appearance. It also distracts from your overall effort of being suave and attention-getting. Instead, the attention will be on the fidgety movement. Find your crutch and try to stop doing it.
Avoid biting your nails.
Don’t pop your knuckles.
Try not to tap toes or wiggle feet.
2-5. Dress to impress.
Some research has shown that simply dressing up leads to an increase in perceived attractiveness. Choose clothing that accentuates your features and lines, something that makes you look more muscular. Try a few of the following tips to step your clothing game up:
Utilize fewer upper layers if you have a muscular build, and multiple layers if you're on the slender side.
Take good care of your shoes, and match them to your choice of attire.
Add in nice accessories, like a watch, pocket square, or tie clip to draw extra attention.
3. Showing Affection
3-1. Give kind gestures at unexpected times.
Randomly displaying affection is a surprising way to show her you care. Whether it’s a flirtatious pinch, a kiss, a shoulder rub, or a late night phone call, she’ll appreciate that you’re always thinking about her.
Make it a point to pull out her chair somewhere unexpected and goofy, like a fast food restaurant.
Ask her if she needs help with anything heavy, or any other way to show your strength.
Buy her a small chocolate or treat when she’s having a bad day.
A card with words of encouragement would be a perfect “thinking of you”-move on a day she has a big test.
3-2. Be a flirt.
Be a sexual person and flirt whenever you can. To flirt appropriately you’ll need to be witty. Women enjoy a clever back-and-forth. Flirting is partially teasing and partially showing you’re attracted. Try a few approaches similar to the ones below:
Make it clear that you’re being purposefully goofy, "If you had to choose between me and Brad Pitt, how quickly would you choose me?"
Break the touch barrier. A gentle squeeze of the arm, a swipe of the hair, do something subtle and surprising.
3-3. Hug and kiss at appropriate times.
If hugging makes you feel uncomfortable, try a side hug. If you feel more brazen, try a firm hug with a squeeze, or maybe a peck on the cheek. Watch for signals, like winking, biting of the lip, or if she stares at your lips. Pull her in close and slowly kiss her, but be sure you’ve got fresh breath and aren’t too aggressive.
Make eye contact as you’re going in for the kiss.
Don’t make it too long. Make it long enough to be memorable, but not exceedingly long.
Make sure you only kiss her. Don’t use it as an opportunity to touch or grab unnecessarily.
4. Making the Ladies Chase You
4-1. Be a genuinely nice guy.
People are attracted to someone who can make them feel great. It’s scientifically measurable based on the release of dopamine. If you’re able to be the guy who makes others feel appreciated, you’ll draw plenty of attention. Being a guy who is fun to hang around, who makes people feel good about themselves, someone who is everyone’s favorite, is how you single yourself out.
At bars, tip well and get to know the servers and bartenders.
Learn personal details about doormen and take an active interest in their lives.
Adjust your response to the other person’s moods. If they’re happy, yuck it up. If they’re down, genuinely show interest in their pain.
4-2. Connect on multiple levels.
Show the ladies that you care about them without noting their appearance. It’s not just about being physical. Compliment something other than her looks. You also need to appeal to her emotional and spiritual sides. Get in her head with a multi-faceted approach:
"Your kindness is something that really draws attention."
"I can’t believe how great a photographer you are!"
"When I’m around you it makes me want to strive for greatness."
4-3. Take it slow.
Don't come on too strong right away. Studies show that if you have the interest of another person, being a little aloof may not make them like you necessarily, but it does make them more likely to pursue you. If she perceives you as a challenge of sorts, she’ll likely want to win you over. Someone who hinges on her every wish is not a challenge.
Take your time in conversation with her. Don’t feel like you need to jump at every text message.
Be slow to show emotion and think about how you really feel.
Do for her as much as you want but be sure not to be the guy who jumps at her wishes.
In order for this to work, you also have to show a certain amount of interest. Women want to gain your favor, not grow frustrated.
4-4. Listen to her patiently.
Being a good listener is a sure-fire way to attract women. Face her and be attentive. Try to listen to what she’s saying without judging and while trying to empathize.
Cease all other activities. Put up your phone and really pay attention.
Do not interrupt. Listen until the entire message is delivered.
Rephrase what she just said to show you heard her. Ask follow up questions.
If you’re teaching her something, try to stay patient.
5. Handling Setbacks
5-1. Overcome your fears.
Bold people capable of tackling any challenge are sexy to women. A guy who can’t do anything and shrinks at the first sense of difficulty is not a man women desire. If meeting women has always been intimidating, overcome your fears and you’ll be a lot closer to being a ladies' man.
Work on improving your self-confidence in this way by owning the fear and resulting failure. Do not blame others for your lack of action.
Imagine yourself meeting women, and when you’d normally fold, picture it going perfectly. They laugh at all your jokes and provocatively reply to all your advances.
Concentrate on proper breathing. Take deep breaths. Breathe out a little longer than you breathe in, and you’re prone to calm down.
5-2. Embrace rejection as a learning opportunity.
All ladies' men have been turned down multiple times. Get stronger with each step backwards. Reevaluate your approach, your moves, your words. Instead of focusing on the failure itself, focus on what you can change for a better result the next time.
Convince yourself the rejection is really what is best for your future. There are other people out there and you will meet someone who is better suited to you.
Acknowledge rejection as something you’ve defeated before. This is just the same hurdle.
Imagine how you could have been good for them. The ways you would have made them happy, laugh, and love you. They made a huge mistake missing out on you.
5-3. Change up your routine.
When you find something that doesn’t work, like a specific outfit, a location, or maybe even the type of woman, try something new. Break out of your routine. What’s more, get pumped up about the change. Motivate and convince yourself the new avenues you’re going to take are going to be successful.
Steer clear of women who look like your ex. This is not about proving something to yourself.
Go outside your comfort zone. You will meet a brand new set of women in places you’ve never been.
Tips
Treat ladies of all ages well, (open doors, walk them to nearby destinations) as well as a few men.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:05",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Making Her Smile and Laugh\\n1-1. Make her laugh.\\nResearch shows a humorous man is a desired man. It’s theorized a sense of humor is an evolutionary sign of attractiveness because being humorous requires intelligence. Some tests have shown making a woman laugh improves your odds by nearly three to one. If you make a lady laugh, you’re golden.\\nTry listening to some comedians, taking their material, and fitting it to your personal situation.\\n1-2. Be self-deprecating.\\nMaking her laugh is a great way to win her over, but making her laugh at your expense shows great confidence. It might be best to let her get to know you before trying this type of humor. Once she knows you are confident, she will certainly know you are joking when you use self-deprecating jokes. The trick to being self-deprecating is to make her laugh without believing how you just put yourself down. You don’t mean it, and she doesn’t believe it.\\n\\\"I have the body of a football player — fantasy football.\\\"\\n\\\"I walk two miles a day. One to the donut shop, and one home.\\\"\\n1-3. Compliment women regularly.\\nGuys who have compliments readily available are ready for any situation. Finding the right time to unleash the perfect compliment can flip a switch in another’s mind from disinterested to piqued. Avoid cheesy pickup lines and go for something unique and specific to her that will attract her attention. Keep trying and you’ll eventually find the right type of compliment that wins women over.\\nUse an uncommon word. Instead of beautiful, use “stunning.”\\n\\\"The confidence you exude is really sexy.\\\"\\n\\\"You really know a lot about this subject. You must be very intelligent.\\\"\\n1-4. Improve your charm.\\nBeing charming is not that difficult. In fact, some argue the average man can be a ladies' man and just as charming as any other. Truly being charming is about paying attention to a woman, and turning her on based upon that shared connection.\\nBeing able to intelligently converse with a woman is a huge turn on. Learn her keys, what she likes to hear, and time your replies to let her know you're really inside her head.\\nBe genuinely interested in her. Ask her about her likes, dislikes, family, travel plans, dreams, etc.\\nShow your vulnerabilities. Many women are self-conscious, and it's comforting to see a man that has own flaws.\\n2. Displaying Confident Body Language\\n2-1. Smile often.\\nConfident people smile a lot. It shows charisma. Smiling more often will make you more attractive to women, and it has added health, stress, and psychological benefits. Some studies even suggest it can change your mood and make you happier.\\n2-2. Show presence.\\nWhen you are around others you need presence. You need to grab attention. One way to do this is to take up a larger or higher space. Being larger and higher instinctively conveys strength. Additionally, it has an impact on boosting testosterone levels. Try a few of the following techniques to convey the image that will draw the right attention:\\nPractice good posture. Aside from positive health benefits, looking taller and more confident shows a degree of control.\\nStand with your arms a little wider than normal, or with your hands on your hips.\\nKeep your arms and legs uncrossed. Crossing your arms and legs gives off a timid vibe. Uncross, remain relatively still and try not to revert back into bad habits of looking defensive.\\n2-3. Make a grand entrance.\\nYou want to be noticed. Being the center of attention, even if for a brief moment, is key to gaining the eyes of the women in the room. Take your time upon entering by pausing at the entrance where everyone can see you.\\nArrive on time. Being fashionably late is not really preferred. You don’t want to appear to be someone who is disorganized and not in control.\\nMake the entrance fit the situation. There is a fine line between getting everyone’s attention and being narcissistic.\\nLook like wherever you are is the place you’re most happy. If people believe you’re excited about the situation, your positive vibe will rub off.\\n2-4. Do not fidget.\\nMoving around a lot gives off an uncertain or nervous appearance. It also distracts from your overall effort of being suave and attention-getting. Instead, the attention will be on the fidgety movement. Find your crutch and try to stop doing it.\\nAvoid biting your nails.\\nDon’t pop your knuckles.\\nTry not to tap toes or wiggle feet.\\n2-5. Dress to impress.\\nSome research has shown that simply dressing up leads to an increase in perceived attractiveness. Choose clothing that accentuates your features and lines, something that makes you look more muscular. Try a few of the following tips to step your clothing game up:\\nUtilize fewer upper layers if you have a muscular build, and multiple layers if you're on the slender side.\\nTake good care of your shoes, and match them to your choice of attire.\\nAdd in nice accessories, like a watch, pocket square, or tie clip to draw extra attention.\\n3. Showing Affection\\n3-1. Give kind gestures at unexpected times.\\nRandomly displaying affection is a surprising way to show her you care. Whether it’s a flirtatious pinch, a kiss, a shoulder rub, or a late night phone call, she’ll appreciate that you’re always thinking about her.\\nMake it a point to pull out her chair somewhere unexpected and goofy, like a fast food restaurant.\\nAsk her if she needs help with anything heavy, or any other way to show your strength.\\nBuy her a small chocolate or treat when she’s having a bad day.\\nA card with words of encouragement would be a perfect “thinking of you”-move on a day she has a big test.\\n3-2. Be a flirt.\\nBe a sexual person and flirt whenever you can. To flirt appropriately you’ll need to be witty. Women enjoy a clever back-and-forth. Flirting is partially teasing and partially showing you’re attracted. Try a few approaches similar to the ones below:\\nMake it clear that you’re being purposefully goofy, \\\"If you had to choose between me and Brad Pitt, how quickly would you choose me?\\\"\\nBreak the touch barrier. A gentle squeeze of the arm, a swipe of the hair, do something subtle and surprising.\\n3-3. Hug and kiss at appropriate times.\\nIf hugging makes you feel uncomfortable, try a side hug. If you feel more brazen, try a firm hug with a squeeze, or maybe a peck on the cheek. Watch for signals, like winking, biting of the lip, or if she stares at your lips. Pull her in close and slowly kiss her, but be sure you’ve got fresh breath and aren’t too aggressive.\\nMake eye contact as you’re going in for the kiss.\\nDon’t make it too long. Make it long enough to be memorable, but not exceedingly long.\\nMake sure you only kiss her. Don’t use it as an opportunity to touch or grab unnecessarily.\\n4. Making the Ladies Chase You\\n4-1. Be a genuinely nice guy.\\nPeople are attracted to someone who can make them feel great. It’s scientifically measurable based on the release of dopamine. If you’re able to be the guy who makes others feel appreciated, you’ll draw plenty of attention. Being a guy who is fun to hang around, who makes people feel good about themselves, someone who is everyone’s favorite, is how you single yourself out.\\nAt bars, tip well and get to know the servers and bartenders.\\nLearn personal details about doormen and take an active interest in their lives.\\nAdjust your response to the other person’s moods. If they’re happy, yuck it up. If they’re down, genuinely show interest in their pain.\\n4-2. Connect on multiple levels.\\nShow the ladies that you care about them without noting their appearance. It’s not just about being physical. Compliment something other than her looks. You also need to appeal to her emotional and spiritual sides. Get in her head with a multi-faceted approach:\\n\\\"Your kindness is something that really draws attention.\\\"\\n\\\"I can’t believe how great a photographer you are!\\\"\\n\\\"When I’m around you it makes me want to strive for greatness.\\\"\\n4-3. Take it slow.\\nDon't come on too strong right away. Studies show that if you have the interest of another person, being a little aloof may not make them like you necessarily, but it does make them more likely to pursue you. If she perceives you as a challenge of sorts, she’ll likely want to win you over. Someone who hinges on her every wish is not a challenge.\\nTake your time in conversation with her. Don’t feel like you need to jump at every text message.\\nBe slow to show emotion and think about how you really feel.\\nDo for her as much as you want but be sure not to be the guy who jumps at her wishes.\\nIn order for this to work, you also have to show a certain amount of interest. Women want to gain your favor, not grow frustrated.\\n4-4. Listen to her patiently.\\nBeing a good listener is a sure-fire way to attract women. Face her and be attentive. Try to listen to what she’s saying without judging and while trying to empathize.\\nCease all other activities. Put up your phone and really pay attention.\\nDo not interrupt. Listen until the entire message is delivered.\\nRephrase what she just said to show you heard her. Ask follow up questions.\\nIf you’re teaching her something, try to stay patient.\\n5. Handling Setbacks\\n5-1. Overcome your fears.\\nBold people capable of tackling any challenge are sexy to women. A guy who can’t do anything and shrinks at the first sense of difficulty is not a man women desire. If meeting women has always been intimidating, overcome your fears and you’ll be a lot closer to being a ladies' man.\\nWork on improving your self-confidence in this way by owning the fear and resulting failure. Do not blame others for your lack of action.\\nImagine yourself meeting women, and when you’d normally fold, picture it going perfectly. They laugh at all your jokes and provocatively reply to all your advances.\\nConcentrate on proper breathing. Take deep breaths. Breathe out a little longer than you breathe in, and you’re prone to calm down.\\n5-2. Embrace rejection as a learning opportunity.\\nAll ladies' men have been turned down multiple times. Get stronger with each step backwards. Reevaluate your approach, your moves, your words. Instead of focusing on the failure itself, focus on what you can change for a better result the next time.\\nConvince yourself the rejection is really what is best for your future. There are other people out there and you will meet someone who is better suited to you.\\nAcknowledge rejection as something you’ve defeated before. This is just the same hurdle.\\nImagine how you could have been good for them. The ways you would have made them happy, laugh, and love you. They made a huge mistake missing out on you.\\n5-3. Change up your routine.\\nWhen you find something that doesn’t work, like a specific outfit, a location, or maybe even the type of woman, try something new. Break out of your routine. What’s more, get pumped up about the change. Motivate and convince yourself the new avenues you’re going to take are going to be successful.\\nSteer clear of women who look like your ex. This is not about proving something to yourself.\\nGo outside your comfort zone. You will meet a brand new set of women in places you’ve never been.\\nTips\\nTreat ladies of all ages well, (open doors, walk them to nearby destinations) as well as a few men.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Most men want to be a ladies' man. When you are a ladies' man you get more attention, dates, and intimacy than the average guy. Most guys aren’t at this point, but with a few pointers, you could be the center of women’s attention. Be someone who owns the situation, makes women laugh, and has confidence, and you’ll be on your way to success with women.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Making Her Smile and Laugh\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make her laugh.\", \"描述\": \"Research shows a humorous man is a desired man. It’s theorized a sense of humor is an evolutionary sign of attractiveness because being humorous requires intelligence. Some tests have shown making a woman laugh improves your odds by nearly three to one. If you make a lady laugh, you’re golden.\\nTry listening to some comedians, taking their material, and fitting it to your personal situation.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be self-deprecating.\", \"描述\": \"Making her laugh is a great way to win her over, but making her laugh at your expense shows great confidence. It might be best to let her get to know you before trying this type of humor. Once she knows you are confident, she will certainly know you are joking when you use self-deprecating jokes. The trick to being self-deprecating is to make her laugh without believing how you just put yourself down. You don’t mean it, and she doesn’t believe it.\\n\\\"I have the body of a football player — fantasy football.\\\"\\n\\\"I walk two miles a day. One to the donut shop, and one home.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Compliment women regularly.\", \"描述\": \"Guys who have compliments readily available are ready for any situation. Finding the right time to unleash the perfect compliment can flip a switch in another’s mind from disinterested to piqued. Avoid cheesy pickup lines and go for something unique and specific to her that will attract her attention. Keep trying and you’ll eventually find the right type of compliment that wins women over.\\nUse an uncommon word. Instead of beautiful, use “stunning.”\\n\\\"The confidence you exude is really sexy.\\\"\\n\\\"You really know a lot about this subject. You must be very intelligent.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Improve your charm.\", \"描述\": \"Being charming is not that difficult. In fact, some argue the average man can be a ladies' man and just as charming as any other. Truly being charming is about paying attention to a woman, and turning her on based upon that shared connection.\\nBeing able to intelligently converse with a woman is a huge turn on. Learn her keys, what she likes to hear, and time your replies to let her know you're really inside her head.\\nBe genuinely interested in her. Ask her about her likes, dislikes, family, travel plans, dreams, etc.\\nShow your vulnerabilities. Many women are self-conscious, and it's comforting to see a man that has own flaws.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Displaying Confident Body Language\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Smile often.\", \"描述\": \"Confident people smile a lot. It shows charisma. Smiling more often will make you more attractive to women, and it has added health, stress, and psychological benefits. Some studies even suggest it can change your mood and make you happier.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Show presence.\", \"描述\": \"When you are around others you need presence. You need to grab attention. One way to do this is to take up a larger or higher space. Being larger and higher instinctively conveys strength. Additionally, it has an impact on boosting testosterone levels. Try a few of the following techniques to convey the image that will draw the right attention:\\nPractice good posture. Aside from positive health benefits, looking taller and more confident shows a degree of control.\\nStand with your arms a little wider than normal, or with your hands on your hips.\\nKeep your arms and legs uncrossed. Crossing your arms and legs gives off a timid vibe. Uncross, remain relatively still and try not to revert back into bad habits of looking defensive.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make a grand entrance.\", \"描述\": \"You want to be noticed. Being the center of attention, even if for a brief moment, is key to gaining the eyes of the women in the room. Take your time upon entering by pausing at the entrance where everyone can see you.\\nArrive on time. Being fashionably late is not really preferred. You don’t want to appear to be someone who is disorganized and not in control.\\nMake the entrance fit the situation. There is a fine line between getting everyone’s attention and being narcissistic.\\nLook like wherever you are is the place you’re most happy. If people believe you’re excited about the situation, your positive vibe will rub off.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do not fidget.\", \"描述\": \"Moving around a lot gives off an uncertain or nervous appearance. It also distracts from your overall effort of being suave and attention-getting. Instead, the attention will be on the fidgety movement. Find your crutch and try to stop doing it.\\nAvoid biting your nails.\\nDon’t pop your knuckles.\\nTry not to tap toes or wiggle feet.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Dress to impress.\", \"描述\": \"Some research has shown that simply dressing up leads to an increase in perceived attractiveness. Choose clothing that accentuates your features and lines, something that makes you look more muscular. Try a few of the following tips to step your clothing game up:\\nUtilize fewer upper layers if you have a muscular build, and multiple layers if you're on the slender side.\\nTake good care of your shoes, and match them to your choice of attire.\\nAdd in nice accessories, like a watch, pocket square, or tie clip to draw extra attention.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Showing Affection\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Give kind gestures at unexpected times.\", \"描述\": \"Randomly displaying affection is a surprising way to show her you care. Whether it’s a flirtatious pinch, a kiss, a shoulder rub, or a late night phone call, she’ll appreciate that you’re always thinking about her.\\nMake it a point to pull out her chair somewhere unexpected and goofy, like a fast food restaurant.\\nAsk her if she needs help with anything heavy, or any other way to show your strength.\\nBuy her a small chocolate or treat when she’s having a bad day.\\nA card with words of encouragement would be a perfect “thinking of you”-move on a day she has a big test.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be a flirt.\", \"描述\": \"Be a sexual person and flirt whenever you can. To flirt appropriately you’ll need to be witty. Women enjoy a clever back-and-forth. Flirting is partially teasing and partially showing you’re attracted. Try a few approaches similar to the ones below:\\nMake it clear that you’re being purposefully goofy, \\\"If you had to choose between me and Brad Pitt, how quickly would you choose me?\\\"\\nBreak the touch barrier. A gentle squeeze of the arm, a swipe of the hair, do something subtle and surprising.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hug and kiss at appropriate times.\", \"描述\": \"If hugging makes you feel uncomfortable, try a side hug. If you feel more brazen, try a firm hug with a squeeze, or maybe a peck on the cheek. Watch for signals, like winking, biting of the lip, or if she stares at your lips. Pull her in close and slowly kiss her, but be sure you’ve got fresh breath and aren’t too aggressive.\\nMake eye contact as you’re going in for the kiss.\\nDon’t make it too long. Make it long enough to be memorable, but not exceedingly long.\\nMake sure you only kiss her. Don’t use it as an opportunity to touch or grab unnecessarily.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Making the Ladies Chase You\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be a genuinely nice guy.\", \"描述\": \"People are attracted to someone who can make them feel great. It’s scientifically measurable based on the release of dopamine. If you’re able to be the guy who makes others feel appreciated, you’ll draw plenty of attention. Being a guy who is fun to hang around, who makes people feel good about themselves, someone who is everyone’s favorite, is how you single yourself out.\\nAt bars, tip well and get to know the servers and bartenders.\\nLearn personal details about doormen and take an active interest in their lives.\\nAdjust your response to the other person’s moods. If they’re happy, yuck it up. If they’re down, genuinely show interest in their pain.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Connect on multiple levels.\", \"描述\": \"Show the ladies that you care about them without noting their appearance. It’s not just about being physical. Compliment something other than her looks. You also need to appeal to her emotional and spiritual sides. Get in her head with a multi-faceted approach:\\n\\\"Your kindness is something that really draws attention.\\\"\\n\\\"I can’t believe how great a photographer you are!\\\"\\n\\\"When I’m around you it makes me want to strive for greatness.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take it slow.\", \"描述\": \"Don't come on too strong right away. Studies show that if you have the interest of another person, being a little aloof may not make them like you necessarily, but it does make them more likely to pursue you. If she perceives you as a challenge of sorts, she’ll likely want to win you over. Someone who hinges on her every wish is not a challenge.\\nTake your time in conversation with her. Don’t feel like you need to jump at every text message.\\nBe slow to show emotion and think about how you really feel.\\nDo for her as much as you want but be sure not to be the guy who jumps at her wishes.\\nIn order for this to work, you also have to show a certain amount of interest. Women want to gain your favor, not grow frustrated.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Listen to her patiently.\", \"描述\": \"Being a good listener is a sure-fire way to attract women. Face her and be attentive. Try to listen to what she’s saying without judging and while trying to empathize.\\nCease all other activities. Put up your phone and really pay attention.\\nDo not interrupt. Listen until the entire message is delivered.\\nRephrase what she just said to show you heard her. Ask follow up questions.\\nIf you’re teaching her something, try to stay patient.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Handling Setbacks\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Overcome your fears.\", \"描述\": \"Bold people capable of tackling any challenge are sexy to women. A guy who can’t do anything and shrinks at the first sense of difficulty is not a man women desire. If meeting women has always been intimidating, overcome your fears and you’ll be a lot closer to being a ladies' man.\\nWork on improving your self-confidence in this way by owning the fear and resulting failure. Do not blame others for your lack of action.\\nImagine yourself meeting women, and when you’d normally fold, picture it going perfectly. They laugh at all your jokes and provocatively reply to all your advances.\\nConcentrate on proper breathing. Take deep breaths. Breathe out a little longer than you breathe in, and you’re prone to calm down.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Embrace rejection as a learning opportunity.\", \"描述\": \"All ladies' men have been turned down multiple times. Get stronger with each step backwards. Reevaluate your approach, your moves, your words. Instead of focusing on the failure itself, focus on what you can change for a better result the next time.\\nConvince yourself the rejection is really what is best for your future. There are other people out there and you will meet someone who is better suited to you.\\nAcknowledge rejection as something you’ve defeated before. This is just the same hurdle.\\nImagine how you could have been good for them. The ways you would have made them happy, laugh, and love you. They made a huge mistake missing out on you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Change up your routine.\", \"描述\": \"When you find something that doesn’t work, like a specific outfit, a location, or maybe even the type of woman, try something new. Break out of your routine. What’s more, get pumped up about the change. Motivate and convince yourself the new avenues you’re going to take are going to be successful.\\nSteer clear of women who look like your ex. This is not about proving something to yourself.\\nGo outside your comfort zone. You will meet a brand new set of women in places you’ve never been.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Treat ladies of all ages well, (open doors, walk them to nearby destinations) as well as a few men.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,474 |
How to Become a Landscaper
|
1. Gaining Experience
1-1. Get a high school diploma.
While you may become a landscaper without official accreditation, a high school diploma may be a minimum requirement based on your location and experience. You may always receive on-the-job training to help you obtain a career as a landscaper.
1-2. Understand what the work entails.
Landscapers need to utilize the space and land to make an attractive setting. You must work with the conditions, resources, materials, and practices you have to bring about the best arrangements. Your responsibilities will typically include::
Create budgets and bid plans
Meeting with clients to discuss the project
Plan and work with garden designers or landscape architects
Order the supplies
Prepare the interior soil or the outdoor grounds
Preparing and correctly installing hydraulically accurate irrigation systems
Seed and turf lawns
Prune and plant shrubs and trees
Plant new plants
Install features such as rock gardens, water features, paving, and pathways
Construct gardens with water and rock borders
1-3. Find a focus.
The title Landscaper may apply to a number of positions including maintenance worker, groundskeeper, landscape architect, landscape gardener, landscape designer, and landscaper. Research the difference between titles and the requirements for each. You may find that you are passionate about only one area of landscaping and you can focus your time and resources fulfilling the requirements.
You may also specialize in interior landscaping such as shopping centers or office buildings.
1-4. Learn a range of skills.
If you are able to find an entry level job, learn as much about landscaping as you can. You may also research online or find landscaping groups via social media. Learn things like trimming, planting, and operating machinery. Check with your local community college, University extension program, or State Department of Agriculture for continuing education classes on landscaping and gardening. You can even join a gardening club.
Remember that there’s no substitute for experience so if you can’t find something paid immediately, try volunteering your time in exchange for a learning opportunity.
1-5. Get formally educated.
Research what schools offer programs related to landscaping. Depending on the school, you may earn a certificate or a degree in horticulture, landscape design, or other related fields. You may need a certificate or degree if you want to move up to a management position.
Make sure you have the time and money to complete the program. You can also take classes part-time. Most employers and clients will expect some level of knowledge and experience in horticulture. Depending on your location, you may be able to get a diploma in a variety of Horticultural subjects at a local college. Look into accelerated curricula and schools with strong job placement networks, such as local community colleges and trade schools.
It’s easier to get formal education to understand design drawings, improve your knowledge of plants, and learn how to manage projects. You must learn these skills in addition to field practice if you are pursuing a career in landscaping.
1-6. Get certified.
There are various certifications that your are able to get from a number of organizations depending on your location. Research online what is needed in order to obtain a professional accreditation.
For example, you may receive a Tree Care Industry Association Certificate if you are focusing on safety, regulations, and professionalism for tree care. The Professional Landcare Network (PLANET) also offers a certification for numerous areas of landscaping including managers, interior/ exterior specialists, and technicians.
If you are in the US, look into getting state licensed. Many states now have strict requirements for licensing that supersede any certification you may receive. Check your state's licensing requirements to see if you qualify.
Depending on your location, you may get certified in Practical horticulture or horticulture.
1-7. Improve your employability.
You should be able to follow directions and complete projects on your own and as part of a landscaping team. You should also strengthen your body and stamina because you need to be physically able to handle the rigours of landscaping. Be motivated, able to work well with others, organized, dependable, and detail oriented.
Be diligent about thinking ahead and staying organized during a project. This is extremely helpful for completing a job efficiently and effectively. Those skills will bolster your reputation and bring you more work in the future.
1-8. Find an apprenticeship.
There are apprenticeships available in different areas. Research online or ask local nurseries or landscaping companies if they participate in an apprenticeship or mentorship program.
Make sure that you learn skills in garden design, how to understand garden design drawings, gain knowledge about the environment, deep knowledge of plants, how to meet deadlines, how to keep organized, how to work with tools, how to work with others and on your own, and how to work as part of a business or become self-employed.
2. Starting a Landscaping Business
2-1. Check your area's requirements to legally work as a landscaper.
Different countries, states or provinces, and regional governments may have different requirements for a landscaper to legally operate. Check with your national, state or provincial, and regional governing bodies to get a complete understanding of what is required for you to work as landscaper in your area.
Look into factors such as licensing, liability and workman's compensation insurance requirements, tax breakdowns, and local governing boards and registrations for landscapers.
2-2. Create a schedule.
You will need to work enough hours in the field to cover the cost of doing business, in addition to business administration and equipment maintenance. For many people, starting their own landscaping company means working long hours 7 days a week. Expect to spend a considerable amount of money upfront to purchase the essentials like a lawnmower. The beginning of your business will be filled with long hours as you try to cover the initial expenditures so be prepared to balance the rest of your schedule around your work.
Some larger, more expensive pieces of equipment can be leased. Look into renting equipment such as trenchers, skid steers, and excavators for individual jobs instead of buying these outright.
2-3. Plan for winter.
Depending on your location, there may be cold seasons of several months that you will be unable to work. Make sure you have done enough work during the rest of the year to cover these lean months.
For example, if you live somewhere with cold climates, you may only want to rent your more costly equipment so they don’t collect dust during the winter. You may also want to adapt to year round service by offering driveway shoveling or Christmas tree delivery and disposal.
Two thirds of the U.S. has downtime during the winter so you must market aggressively to maintain a healthy April through October. The winter will shift to services including raking leaves, winterizing lawns, installing holiday lighting, setting up seasonal greenhouses and hanging baskets, and establishing new clients and revenue streams.
2-4. Purchase your tools.
Purchase your tools depending on the scale of your business. For example, if you will be landscaping yourself, you may only want to purchase a single lawnmower. You may also want to apply for a bank loan or use your credit card to make these initial expenditures as you will only have to pay a very small amount to maintain them throughout the years.
Work with your local tool store or dealer to get a line of credit or an account. Talk to your supply company rep extensively for recommendations regarding the best tools for your work and your region, and see what resources they can provide to help you as you get started.
Make sure to do your research to purchase quality tools and equipment. You don’t have to purchase top of the line equipment unless you have the capital and know that you will be able to cover the cost within a reasonable amount of time. Find equipment and tools that are durable and capable of accomplishing what you need. You don’t want to waste money on extra functions that will never be used. For example, you won’t need to purchase a riding mower if your clients don’t have large properties. A walking mower is significantly cheaper, easier to transport, and cost less to maintain.
Make sure to get damage waivers on any equipment you rent. This way, you won't be financially responsible for things like equipment failures or flat tires.
Don’t purchase expensive office equipment. Instead, direct your funds to things you’ll use everyday. You may use your home printer or commit to working out of a shared office space once a week. Landscapers are expected to be constantly on location so don’t worry about leasing an office space or setting up an elaborate home office. You’ll basically need a computer, printer, and a filing system to organize invoices and other administrative collateral.
2-5. Sharpen your landscaping skills.
If you want to command market value or above, you must be more adept at landscaping than your potential clients or competitors. Investing in classes for gardening basics, computer aided drafting (CAD), and landscaping techniques can pay dividends later. Learn basics like pruning, trimming, and mowing.
There are certifications and even degrees that you can achieve. Depending on your location, you may need certifications to handle things like heavy machinery.
2-6. Have self-discipline.
Landscaping is usually done outdoors which means you will enjoy the sunshine. Don’t be tempted to get in a round of golf or take your family to the lake unless you have budgeted for that time off. You must be diligent when you attend to your clients’ needs to ensure their loyalty. You don’t want to unexpectedly lose a client and any potential referrals they might give.
Like any service industry, your landscaping business will be built on your reputation. If you work hard and put your clients’ needs first, you can reap the rewards of referrals and sustained business.
Clients can be particularly demanding in this industry, asking you to focus solely on them and make time during their days off. Be polite but firm when you cannot accommodate them, and suggest alternatives to meet their needs. If, for example, they want to talk on your day off, let them know that you will not be in the office that day, but you can meet them on Monday during their lunch hour.
2-7. Maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Landscaping can be hard on your body especially if you’re lifting heavy equipment and moving awkwardly shaped rocks and trees all day. Take care of you health by tending to any aches and pains. A nagging injury can develop into something much worse.
While you think you can work through the pain to make money in the short term, you may lose everything in the end if it develops into chronic pain that’s debilitating. There are official workplace protocols that may need to be followed when operating heavy machinery or hazardous chemicals. Make sure you completely understand the proper procedures and follow them exactly as stated. Always prioritize the safety of you and your employees, especially when dealing with something for the first time. You not only want to avoid injury to yourself but you also want to avoid damage to your client's property.
2-8. Develop your business acumen.
If you’re working on your own, you may need to learn marketing strategies, targeted advertising, cash flow administration, and budgeting software. You may be able to hire a staff immediately or outsource things like accounting if you have the initial capital to cover these costs. Don’t be afraid to take classes or hire a consultant as the initial expenditure will be worth the investment.
While trial and error can work, you don’t want to waste valuable time and resources especially when working in a competitive market.
2-9. Know your market.
There are many different clients who seek landscapers and lawn care professionals, and many companies who are willing to meet those needs. Think about what you will do to set yourself apart from other landscapers in your area. A successful startup landscaping business can typically have between 20 to 30 residential clients a week. These clients may receive anything from fertilizing, chemical application, and landscape installation, to mowing and lawn maintenance.
Potential landscaping clients will include: homeowners who want you to design their landscaping because they don’t have the tools or creativity that you possess, new homeowners who want to update their landscape, homeowners who are looking to sell and want to enhance their home’s curb appeal, both residential and commercial builders without an in-house landscaping team.
Potential lawn care clients include: homeowners who travel frequently, retirees who don’t have the capacity to care for their lawn themselves, “snowbirds” who leave for warmer climates during the cold months, golf course managers, rental property or condominium association managers who need property upkeep, and facilities managers of public green spaces. Public green spaces include cemeteries, universities, government entities, and universities.
2-10. Devise your service plan.
You may offer a variety of services but be sure that you have enough resources to cover everything you offer. For example, if you offer pest control, you may need special certification for animal handling. This certification will require additional training and you may not have the money and time to cover it. Look into people in your area that specialize in other services that you may not offer, and talk to them about developing a mutually beneficial subcontractor relationship.
Services may include: lawn maintenance/mowing, hydroseeding, sod installation, landscape care, weeding, fertilizing, landscape maintenance, pest control, landscape design, landscape architecture, or contracting services. Most begin with mowing and begin to add other services as they gain more experience.
2-11. Set your prices.
Come up with an hourly rate for both you and your employees to establish a baseline for your services. This will not be shared to your clients but will help you give your estimates for any requested service. You may want to talk to your mentors or other trusted professionals in your area to get a reasonable sense of competitive pricing. It may also help to take a few business classes through your local community college or University extension program.
You may ask friends and family to contact competitors to see how much they offer their services for and then set your prices to compete. You may also figure out how much it would cost you to complete a project and then divide the price of the materials with the amount of hours it would take you to complete the project.
You may also figure out your rates based on how much you want to make in a year. For example, if you want to make $40,000 to start, this will roughly be $3,334 a month. Next, divide that by the number of hours you want to work in a month. So if your want to work 35 hours a week in a four week month you would be working 140 hours with a rate of $23.81/hour. You can add a profit margin. The cost of doing business, including tools, administrations, and materials, is billed to your clients on top of your hourly rate.
Your rate must, at the very least, cover the bills of your business and personal expenses including food, mortgage, medication, etc. This will allow you to survive but will not give you any profit for savings or investing back into your business.
2-12. Estimate your jobs.
Clients will want to know the upfront cost of your service. There are software packages including CLIP and LandPro that can help you with this tricky proposition. You don’t want to give an estimate that’s too high that it seems unreasonable, or too low that it makes the project seem like a waste of your time and resources.
You must determine what your costs will be including material and labour. Then you can add your profit margin after you have covered the resources. Materials may include topsoil, mulch, and plants. You may be able to find these at wholesalers that will give you greater value. You can then mark up the price to gain a profit. You may also work with subcontractors and rent equipment if it allows you to work with more clients and offer different services. Keep in mind business overhead as well. For example, take into account the cost of gas as you must drive from location to location.
Your estimate includes the exact services that you will be providing, the materials needed, and any other details specific to the project. It is the landscaping industry standard to provide an estimate as a free service.
Try to avoid the trap of selling your next job to pay for the one you are finishing now. Be diligent about appropriately planning your budgets and estimates to cover the cost of the job.
3. Landscaping Like a Professional
3-1. Avoid using a lawn mower bag.
Instead of collecting the grass clippings in a regular bag, you can leave it on the lawn for microbes and earthworms to eat. This can help keep your lawn healthy and green. You can also collect the clippings and place them into compost.
Rake up a light layer of leaves and go over them with your lawn mower. Leave the discards on your lawn to limit popping up weeds as the leaves break down.
3-2. View your landscape from inside the house.
Take different perspectives to view your landscape. After you view your landscape from the street you should also view it from inside the home to make sure it looks well groomed from multiple angles. You should also view it from rooms with large windows that look out to it.
3-3. Don’t overstock your space.
Allow your plants and flowers to have adequate space to grow and flourish. Don’t try to cram every inch of your landscape because you will find it extremely difficult to prune and weed next spring.
3-4. Choose the right mulch.
Red mulch has been found to have harsh chemicals, including arsenic that is harmful to pets and children. Don’t let harsh chemicals contaminate your soil. Read labels and choose organic or natural fertilizers.
3-5. Find the right nutrients.
Local agricultural agencies are able to test your soil to see what nutrients it needs if you send a sample to them. Collect two cups of soil in a sample bag by digging about six to seven inches deep into the soil. Research your closest agricultural agency and send your sample.
There will be a charge to send the sample. Be sure to contact them before hand to ensure you know the proper procedures and wait time.
3-6. Buy multiple types of your favourite flower.
If there is a particular flower that you like you should buy several and plant them in groupings. You may plant them in clumps of five or seven in one area, or create a unified look by planting these odd numbered clumps throughout your landscape.
3-7. Space your planting beds correctly.
Don’t make your planting beds too narrow. Make sure not to place them too close to the house by placing them around a third to two thirds the height of the house.
3-8. Avoid laying weed fabric.
Weed fabric can be a waste of time and money because weeds will continue to grow on top of it in the long term. No matter how many layers of weed fabric you lay down you will still have weeds grow in the long term, so don’t waste your resources.
3-9. Use the right lawn fertilizer correctly.
Avoid using lawn fertilizers that have 30 percent nitrogen. Use time-releasing water-insoluble nitrogen only twice a year. Your lawn will need less fertilizer if it is older and well-irrigated.
For example, only use fertilizer on Memorial Day and after Labor Day.
3-10. Avoid invasive species.
Do your research and make sure not to include any invasive species in your garden. Talk to nurseries and research online to be sure that you don’t include any species that will spread and kill other plants.
For example, nurseries still sell purple loosestrife. It is inexpensive and produces a lovely flower but will spread and choke out your other plants.
3-11. Water your lawn correctly.
Water your lawn with one inch of water every week. Depending on your soil and the heat, you may need to water your lawn once every five days. Create a stronger plant with infrequent watering that forces the roots to grow deeper to find ground water, or look into installing a more comprehensive irrigation system.
Learn about creating irrigation systems and hydraulic theory. Look into classes on planning and installing irrigation systems. This can help you plan systems that will help maintain a landscape without you having to be there frequently to water it.
Remember to check water restrictions during extreme heat.
3-12. Choose garden flowers based on a colour wheel.
Use a colour wheel to determine opposite colours. Choose what colours work best together and find the flowers that match.
For example, purple and yellow work well together.
Tips
Contact your local extension service for more horticultural information. Federal grant monies typically help fund these programs so most services are free or low cost.
Search for online communities that discuss landscaping.
Always be open to new learning opportunities. Landscaping trends and technologies are always changing, so be open to learning new things even after you've started your career.
Warnings
Be careful when working outdoors and lifting heavy objects. Landscaping can be very physically demanding so be sure to always take the proper safety precautions.
Landscaping can mean a number of physical hazards. Be sure to wear durable clothing and bring along all necessary personal safety equipment including thick gloves and boots to keep yourself as safe as possible.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:05",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Gaining Experience\\n1-1. Get a high school diploma.\\nWhile you may become a landscaper without official accreditation, a high school diploma may be a minimum requirement based on your location and experience. You may always receive on-the-job training to help you obtain a career as a landscaper.\\n1-2. Understand what the work entails.\\nLandscapers need to utilize the space and land to make an attractive setting. You must work with the conditions, resources, materials, and practices you have to bring about the best arrangements. Your responsibilities will typically include::\\nCreate budgets and bid plans\\nMeeting with clients to discuss the project\\nPlan and work with garden designers or landscape architects\\nOrder the supplies\\nPrepare the interior soil or the outdoor grounds\\nPreparing and correctly installing hydraulically accurate irrigation systems\\nSeed and turf lawns\\nPrune and plant shrubs and trees\\nPlant new plants\\nInstall features such as rock gardens, water features, paving, and pathways\\nConstruct gardens with water and rock borders\\n1-3. Find a focus.\\nThe title Landscaper may apply to a number of positions including maintenance worker, groundskeeper, landscape architect, landscape gardener, landscape designer, and landscaper. Research the difference between titles and the requirements for each. You may find that you are passionate about only one area of landscaping and you can focus your time and resources fulfilling the requirements.\\nYou may also specialize in interior landscaping such as shopping centers or office buildings.\\n1-4. Learn a range of skills.\\nIf you are able to find an entry level job, learn as much about landscaping as you can. You may also research online or find landscaping groups via social media. Learn things like trimming, planting, and operating machinery. Check with your local community college, University extension program, or State Department of Agriculture for continuing education classes on landscaping and gardening. You can even join a gardening club.\\nRemember that there’s no substitute for experience so if you can’t find something paid immediately, try volunteering your time in exchange for a learning opportunity.\\n1-5. Get formally educated.\\nResearch what schools offer programs related to landscaping. Depending on the school, you may earn a certificate or a degree in horticulture, landscape design, or other related fields. You may need a certificate or degree if you want to move up to a management position.\\nMake sure you have the time and money to complete the program. You can also take classes part-time. Most employers and clients will expect some level of knowledge and experience in horticulture. Depending on your location, you may be able to get a diploma in a variety of Horticultural subjects at a local college. Look into accelerated curricula and schools with strong job placement networks, such as local community colleges and trade schools.\\nIt’s easier to get formal education to understand design drawings, improve your knowledge of plants, and learn how to manage projects. You must learn these skills in addition to field practice if you are pursuing a career in landscaping.\\n1-6. Get certified.\\nThere are various certifications that your are able to get from a number of organizations depending on your location. Research online what is needed in order to obtain a professional accreditation.\\nFor example, you may receive a Tree Care Industry Association Certificate if you are focusing on safety, regulations, and professionalism for tree care. The Professional Landcare Network (PLANET) also offers a certification for numerous areas of landscaping including managers, interior/ exterior specialists, and technicians.\\nIf you are in the US, look into getting state licensed. Many states now have strict requirements for licensing that supersede any certification you may receive. Check your state's licensing requirements to see if you qualify.\\nDepending on your location, you may get certified in Practical horticulture or horticulture.\\n1-7. Improve your employability.\\nYou should be able to follow directions and complete projects on your own and as part of a landscaping team. You should also strengthen your body and stamina because you need to be physically able to handle the rigours of landscaping. Be motivated, able to work well with others, organized, dependable, and detail oriented.\\nBe diligent about thinking ahead and staying organized during a project. This is extremely helpful for completing a job efficiently and effectively. Those skills will bolster your reputation and bring you more work in the future.\\n1-8. Find an apprenticeship.\\nThere are apprenticeships available in different areas. Research online or ask local nurseries or landscaping companies if they participate in an apprenticeship or mentorship program.\\nMake sure that you learn skills in garden design, how to understand garden design drawings, gain knowledge about the environment, deep knowledge of plants, how to meet deadlines, how to keep organized, how to work with tools, how to work with others and on your own, and how to work as part of a business or become self-employed.\\n2. Starting a Landscaping Business\\n2-1. Check your area's requirements to legally work as a landscaper.\\nDifferent countries, states or provinces, and regional governments may have different requirements for a landscaper to legally operate. Check with your national, state or provincial, and regional governing bodies to get a complete understanding of what is required for you to work as landscaper in your area.\\nLook into factors such as licensing, liability and workman's compensation insurance requirements, tax breakdowns, and local governing boards and registrations for landscapers.\\n2-2. Create a schedule.\\nYou will need to work enough hours in the field to cover the cost of doing business, in addition to business administration and equipment maintenance. For many people, starting their own landscaping company means working long hours 7 days a week. Expect to spend a considerable amount of money upfront to purchase the essentials like a lawnmower. The beginning of your business will be filled with long hours as you try to cover the initial expenditures so be prepared to balance the rest of your schedule around your work.\\nSome larger, more expensive pieces of equipment can be leased. Look into renting equipment such as trenchers, skid steers, and excavators for individual jobs instead of buying these outright.\\n2-3. Plan for winter.\\nDepending on your location, there may be cold seasons of several months that you will be unable to work. Make sure you have done enough work during the rest of the year to cover these lean months.\\nFor example, if you live somewhere with cold climates, you may only want to rent your more costly equipment so they don’t collect dust during the winter. You may also want to adapt to year round service by offering driveway shoveling or Christmas tree delivery and disposal.\\nTwo thirds of the U.S. has downtime during the winter so you must market aggressively to maintain a healthy April through October. The winter will shift to services including raking leaves, winterizing lawns, installing holiday lighting, setting up seasonal greenhouses and hanging baskets, and establishing new clients and revenue streams.\\n2-4. Purchase your tools.\\nPurchase your tools depending on the scale of your business. For example, if you will be landscaping yourself, you may only want to purchase a single lawnmower. You may also want to apply for a bank loan or use your credit card to make these initial expenditures as you will only have to pay a very small amount to maintain them throughout the years.\\nWork with your local tool store or dealer to get a line of credit or an account. Talk to your supply company rep extensively for recommendations regarding the best tools for your work and your region, and see what resources they can provide to help you as you get started.\\nMake sure to do your research to purchase quality tools and equipment. You don’t have to purchase top of the line equipment unless you have the capital and know that you will be able to cover the cost within a reasonable amount of time. Find equipment and tools that are durable and capable of accomplishing what you need. You don’t want to waste money on extra functions that will never be used. For example, you won’t need to purchase a riding mower if your clients don’t have large properties. A walking mower is significantly cheaper, easier to transport, and cost less to maintain.\\nMake sure to get damage waivers on any equipment you rent. This way, you won't be financially responsible for things like equipment failures or flat tires.\\nDon’t purchase expensive office equipment. Instead, direct your funds to things you’ll use everyday. You may use your home printer or commit to working out of a shared office space once a week. Landscapers are expected to be constantly on location so don’t worry about leasing an office space or setting up an elaborate home office. You’ll basically need a computer, printer, and a filing system to organize invoices and other administrative collateral.\\n2-5. Sharpen your landscaping skills.\\nIf you want to command market value or above, you must be more adept at landscaping than your potential clients or competitors. Investing in classes for gardening basics, computer aided drafting (CAD), and landscaping techniques can pay dividends later. Learn basics like pruning, trimming, and mowing.\\nThere are certifications and even degrees that you can achieve. Depending on your location, you may need certifications to handle things like heavy machinery.\\n2-6. Have self-discipline.\\nLandscaping is usually done outdoors which means you will enjoy the sunshine. Don’t be tempted to get in a round of golf or take your family to the lake unless you have budgeted for that time off. You must be diligent when you attend to your clients’ needs to ensure their loyalty. You don’t want to unexpectedly lose a client and any potential referrals they might give.\\nLike any service industry, your landscaping business will be built on your reputation. If you work hard and put your clients’ needs first, you can reap the rewards of referrals and sustained business.\\nClients can be particularly demanding in this industry, asking you to focus solely on them and make time during their days off. Be polite but firm when you cannot accommodate them, and suggest alternatives to meet their needs. If, for example, they want to talk on your day off, let them know that you will not be in the office that day, but you can meet them on Monday during their lunch hour.\\n2-7. Maintain a healthy lifestyle.\\nLandscaping can be hard on your body especially if you’re lifting heavy equipment and moving awkwardly shaped rocks and trees all day. Take care of you health by tending to any aches and pains. A nagging injury can develop into something much worse.\\nWhile you think you can work through the pain to make money in the short term, you may lose everything in the end if it develops into chronic pain that’s debilitating. There are official workplace protocols that may need to be followed when operating heavy machinery or hazardous chemicals. Make sure you completely understand the proper procedures and follow them exactly as stated. Always prioritize the safety of you and your employees, especially when dealing with something for the first time. You not only want to avoid injury to yourself but you also want to avoid damage to your client's property.\\n2-8. Develop your business acumen.\\nIf you’re working on your own, you may need to learn marketing strategies, targeted advertising, cash flow administration, and budgeting software. You may be able to hire a staff immediately or outsource things like accounting if you have the initial capital to cover these costs. Don’t be afraid to take classes or hire a consultant as the initial expenditure will be worth the investment.\\nWhile trial and error can work, you don’t want to waste valuable time and resources especially when working in a competitive market.\\n2-9. Know your market.\\nThere are many different clients who seek landscapers and lawn care professionals, and many companies who are willing to meet those needs. Think about what you will do to set yourself apart from other landscapers in your area. A successful startup landscaping business can typically have between 20 to 30 residential clients a week. These clients may receive anything from fertilizing, chemical application, and landscape installation, to mowing and lawn maintenance.\\nPotential landscaping clients will include: homeowners who want you to design their landscaping because they don’t have the tools or creativity that you possess, new homeowners who want to update their landscape, homeowners who are looking to sell and want to enhance their home’s curb appeal, both residential and commercial builders without an in-house landscaping team.\\nPotential lawn care clients include: homeowners who travel frequently, retirees who don’t have the capacity to care for their lawn themselves, “snowbirds” who leave for warmer climates during the cold months, golf course managers, rental property or condominium association managers who need property upkeep, and facilities managers of public green spaces. Public green spaces include cemeteries, universities, government entities, and universities.\\n2-10. Devise your service plan.\\nYou may offer a variety of services but be sure that you have enough resources to cover everything you offer. For example, if you offer pest control, you may need special certification for animal handling. This certification will require additional training and you may not have the money and time to cover it. Look into people in your area that specialize in other services that you may not offer, and talk to them about developing a mutually beneficial subcontractor relationship.\\nServices may include: lawn maintenance/mowing, hydroseeding, sod installation, landscape care, weeding, fertilizing, landscape maintenance, pest control, landscape design, landscape architecture, or contracting services. Most begin with mowing and begin to add other services as they gain more experience.\\n2-11. Set your prices.\\nCome up with an hourly rate for both you and your employees to establish a baseline for your services. This will not be shared to your clients but will help you give your estimates for any requested service. You may want to talk to your mentors or other trusted professionals in your area to get a reasonable sense of competitive pricing. It may also help to take a few business classes through your local community college or University extension program.\\nYou may ask friends and family to contact competitors to see how much they offer their services for and then set your prices to compete. You may also figure out how much it would cost you to complete a project and then divide the price of the materials with the amount of hours it would take you to complete the project.\\nYou may also figure out your rates based on how much you want to make in a year. For example, if you want to make $40,000 to start, this will roughly be $3,334 a month. Next, divide that by the number of hours you want to work in a month. So if your want to work 35 hours a week in a four week month you would be working 140 hours with a rate of $23.81/hour. You can add a profit margin. The cost of doing business, including tools, administrations, and materials, is billed to your clients on top of your hourly rate.\\nYour rate must, at the very least, cover the bills of your business and personal expenses including food, mortgage, medication, etc. This will allow you to survive but will not give you any profit for savings or investing back into your business.\\n2-12. Estimate your jobs.\\nClients will want to know the upfront cost of your service. There are software packages including CLIP and LandPro that can help you with this tricky proposition. You don’t want to give an estimate that’s too high that it seems unreasonable, or too low that it makes the project seem like a waste of your time and resources.\\nYou must determine what your costs will be including material and labour. Then you can add your profit margin after you have covered the resources. Materials may include topsoil, mulch, and plants. You may be able to find these at wholesalers that will give you greater value. You can then mark up the price to gain a profit. You may also work with subcontractors and rent equipment if it allows you to work with more clients and offer different services. Keep in mind business overhead as well. For example, take into account the cost of gas as you must drive from location to location.\\nYour estimate includes the exact services that you will be providing, the materials needed, and any other details specific to the project. It is the landscaping industry standard to provide an estimate as a free service.\\nTry to avoid the trap of selling your next job to pay for the one you are finishing now. Be diligent about appropriately planning your budgets and estimates to cover the cost of the job.\\n3. Landscaping Like a Professional\\n3-1. Avoid using a lawn mower bag.\\nInstead of collecting the grass clippings in a regular bag, you can leave it on the lawn for microbes and earthworms to eat. This can help keep your lawn healthy and green. You can also collect the clippings and place them into compost.\\nRake up a light layer of leaves and go over them with your lawn mower. Leave the discards on your lawn to limit popping up weeds as the leaves break down.\\n3-2. View your landscape from inside the house.\\nTake different perspectives to view your landscape. After you view your landscape from the street you should also view it from inside the home to make sure it looks well groomed from multiple angles. You should also view it from rooms with large windows that look out to it.\\n3-3. Don’t overstock your space.\\nAllow your plants and flowers to have adequate space to grow and flourish. Don’t try to cram every inch of your landscape because you will find it extremely difficult to prune and weed next spring.\\n3-4. Choose the right mulch.\\nRed mulch has been found to have harsh chemicals, including arsenic that is harmful to pets and children. Don’t let harsh chemicals contaminate your soil. Read labels and choose organic or natural fertilizers.\\n3-5. Find the right nutrients.\\nLocal agricultural agencies are able to test your soil to see what nutrients it needs if you send a sample to them. Collect two cups of soil in a sample bag by digging about six to seven inches deep into the soil. Research your closest agricultural agency and send your sample.\\nThere will be a charge to send the sample. Be sure to contact them before hand to ensure you know the proper procedures and wait time.\\n3-6. Buy multiple types of your favourite flower.\\nIf there is a particular flower that you like you should buy several and plant them in groupings. You may plant them in clumps of five or seven in one area, or create a unified look by planting these odd numbered clumps throughout your landscape.\\n3-7. Space your planting beds correctly.\\nDon’t make your planting beds too narrow. Make sure not to place them too close to the house by placing them around a third to two thirds the height of the house.\\n3-8. Avoid laying weed fabric.\\nWeed fabric can be a waste of time and money because weeds will continue to grow on top of it in the long term. No matter how many layers of weed fabric you lay down you will still have weeds grow in the long term, so don’t waste your resources.\\n3-9. Use the right lawn fertilizer correctly.\\nAvoid using lawn fertilizers that have 30 percent nitrogen. Use time-releasing water-insoluble nitrogen only twice a year. Your lawn will need less fertilizer if it is older and well-irrigated.\\nFor example, only use fertilizer on Memorial Day and after Labor Day.\\n3-10. Avoid invasive species.\\nDo your research and make sure not to include any invasive species in your garden. Talk to nurseries and research online to be sure that you don’t include any species that will spread and kill other plants.\\nFor example, nurseries still sell purple loosestrife. It is inexpensive and produces a lovely flower but will spread and choke out your other plants.\\n3-11. Water your lawn correctly.\\nWater your lawn with one inch of water every week. Depending on your soil and the heat, you may need to water your lawn once every five days. Create a stronger plant with infrequent watering that forces the roots to grow deeper to find ground water, or look into installing a more comprehensive irrigation system.\\nLearn about creating irrigation systems and hydraulic theory. Look into classes on planning and installing irrigation systems. This can help you plan systems that will help maintain a landscape without you having to be there frequently to water it.\\nRemember to check water restrictions during extreme heat.\\n3-12. Choose garden flowers based on a colour wheel.\\nUse a colour wheel to determine opposite colours. Choose what colours work best together and find the flowers that match.\\nFor example, purple and yellow work well together.\\nTips\\nContact your local extension service for more horticultural information. Federal grant monies typically help fund these programs so most services are free or low cost.\\nSearch for online communities that discuss landscaping.\\nAlways be open to new learning opportunities. Landscaping trends and technologies are always changing, so be open to learning new things even after you've started your career.\\nWarnings\\nBe careful when working outdoors and lifting heavy objects. Landscaping can be very physically demanding so be sure to always take the proper safety precautions.\\nLandscaping can mean a number of physical hazards. Be sure to wear durable clothing and bring along all necessary personal safety equipment including thick gloves and boots to keep yourself as safe as possible.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Are you interested in creating and imagining different scenery? A career in landscaping is well suited for someone who is passionate about planting and maintaining various trees and plants to create visually appealing landscapes. While a landscaping career is physically demanding and requires working with the elements, it is also very rewarding. You may pursue a degree or gain valuable work experience combined with certifications to pursue a professional career.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a high school diploma.\", \"描述\": \"While you may become a landscaper without official accreditation, a high school diploma may be a minimum requirement based on your location and experience. You may always receive on-the-job training to help you obtain a career as a landscaper.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understand what the work entails.\", \"描述\": \"Landscapers need to utilize the space and land to make an attractive setting. You must work with the conditions, resources, materials, and practices you have to bring about the best arrangements. Your responsibilities will typically include::\\nCreate budgets and bid plans\\nMeeting with clients to discuss the project\\nPlan and work with garden designers or landscape architects\\nOrder the supplies\\nPrepare the interior soil or the outdoor grounds\\nPreparing and correctly installing hydraulically accurate irrigation systems\\nSeed and turf lawns\\nPrune and plant shrubs and trees\\nPlant new plants\\nInstall features such as rock gardens, water features, paving, and pathways\\nConstruct gardens with water and rock borders\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find a focus.\", \"描述\": \"The title Landscaper may apply to a number of positions including maintenance worker, groundskeeper, landscape architect, landscape gardener, landscape designer, and landscaper. Research the difference between titles and the requirements for each. You may find that you are passionate about only one area of landscaping and you can focus your time and resources fulfilling the requirements.\\nYou may also specialize in interior landscaping such as shopping centers or office buildings.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn a range of skills.\", \"描述\": \"If you are able to find an entry level job, learn as much about landscaping as you can. You may also research online or find landscaping groups via social media. Learn things like trimming, planting, and operating machinery. Check with your local community college, University extension program, or State Department of Agriculture for continuing education classes on landscaping and gardening. You can even join a gardening club.\\nRemember that there’s no substitute for experience so if you can’t find something paid immediately, try volunteering your time in exchange for a learning opportunity.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get formally educated.\", \"描述\": \"Research what schools offer programs related to landscaping. Depending on the school, you may earn a certificate or a degree in horticulture, landscape design, or other related fields. You may need a certificate or degree if you want to move up to a management position.\\nMake sure you have the time and money to complete the program. You can also take classes part-time. Most employers and clients will expect some level of knowledge and experience in horticulture. Depending on your location, you may be able to get a diploma in a variety of Horticultural subjects at a local college. Look into accelerated curricula and schools with strong job placement networks, such as local community colleges and trade schools.\\nIt’s easier to get formal education to understand design drawings, improve your knowledge of plants, and learn how to manage projects. You must learn these skills in addition to field practice if you are pursuing a career in landscaping.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get certified.\", \"描述\": \"There are various certifications that your are able to get from a number of organizations depending on your location. Research online what is needed in order to obtain a professional accreditation.\\nFor example, you may receive a Tree Care Industry Association Certificate if you are focusing on safety, regulations, and professionalism for tree care. The Professional Landcare Network (PLANET) also offers a certification for numerous areas of landscaping including managers, interior/ exterior specialists, and technicians.\\nIf you are in the US, look into getting state licensed. Many states now have strict requirements for licensing that supersede any certification you may receive. Check your state's licensing requirements to see if you qualify.\\nDepending on your location, you may get certified in Practical horticulture or horticulture.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Improve your employability.\", \"描述\": \"You should be able to follow directions and complete projects on your own and as part of a landscaping team. You should also strengthen your body and stamina because you need to be physically able to handle the rigours of landscaping. Be motivated, able to work well with others, organized, dependable, and detail oriented.\\nBe diligent about thinking ahead and staying organized during a project. This is extremely helpful for completing a job efficiently and effectively. Those skills will bolster your reputation and bring you more work in the future.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Find an apprenticeship.\", \"描述\": \"There are apprenticeships available in different areas. Research online or ask local nurseries or landscaping companies if they participate in an apprenticeship or mentorship program.\\nMake sure that you learn skills in garden design, how to understand garden design drawings, gain knowledge about the environment, deep knowledge of plants, how to meet deadlines, how to keep organized, how to work with tools, how to work with others and on your own, and how to work as part of a business or become self-employed.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Starting a Landscaping Business\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check your area's requirements to legally work as a landscaper.\", \"描述\": \"Different countries, states or provinces, and regional governments may have different requirements for a landscaper to legally operate. Check with your national, state or provincial, and regional governing bodies to get a complete understanding of what is required for you to work as landscaper in your area.\\nLook into factors such as licensing, liability and workman's compensation insurance requirements, tax breakdowns, and local governing boards and registrations for landscapers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create a schedule.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to work enough hours in the field to cover the cost of doing business, in addition to business administration and equipment maintenance. For many people, starting their own landscaping company means working long hours 7 days a week. Expect to spend a considerable amount of money upfront to purchase the essentials like a lawnmower. The beginning of your business will be filled with long hours as you try to cover the initial expenditures so be prepared to balance the rest of your schedule around your work.\\nSome larger, more expensive pieces of equipment can be leased. Look into renting equipment such as trenchers, skid steers, and excavators for individual jobs instead of buying these outright.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Plan for winter.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on your location, there may be cold seasons of several months that you will be unable to work. Make sure you have done enough work during the rest of the year to cover these lean months.\\nFor example, if you live somewhere with cold climates, you may only want to rent your more costly equipment so they don’t collect dust during the winter. You may also want to adapt to year round service by offering driveway shoveling or Christmas tree delivery and disposal.\\nTwo thirds of the U.S. has downtime during the winter so you must market aggressively to maintain a healthy April through October. The winter will shift to services including raking leaves, winterizing lawns, installing holiday lighting, setting up seasonal greenhouses and hanging baskets, and establishing new clients and revenue streams.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Purchase your tools.\", \"描述\": \"Purchase your tools depending on the scale of your business. For example, if you will be landscaping yourself, you may only want to purchase a single lawnmower. You may also want to apply for a bank loan or use your credit card to make these initial expenditures as you will only have to pay a very small amount to maintain them throughout the years.\\nWork with your local tool store or dealer to get a line of credit or an account. Talk to your supply company rep extensively for recommendations regarding the best tools for your work and your region, and see what resources they can provide to help you as you get started.\\nMake sure to do your research to purchase quality tools and equipment. You don’t have to purchase top of the line equipment unless you have the capital and know that you will be able to cover the cost within a reasonable amount of time. Find equipment and tools that are durable and capable of accomplishing what you need. You don’t want to waste money on extra functions that will never be used. For example, you won’t need to purchase a riding mower if your clients don’t have large properties. A walking mower is significantly cheaper, easier to transport, and cost less to maintain.\\nMake sure to get damage waivers on any equipment you rent. This way, you won't be financially responsible for things like equipment failures or flat tires.\\nDon’t purchase expensive office equipment. Instead, direct your funds to things you’ll use everyday. You may use your home printer or commit to working out of a shared office space once a week. Landscapers are expected to be constantly on location so don’t worry about leasing an office space or setting up an elaborate home office. You’ll basically need a computer, printer, and a filing system to organize invoices and other administrative collateral.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Sharpen your landscaping skills.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to command market value or above, you must be more adept at landscaping than your potential clients or competitors. Investing in classes for gardening basics, computer aided drafting (CAD), and landscaping techniques can pay dividends later. Learn basics like pruning, trimming, and mowing.\\nThere are certifications and even degrees that you can achieve. Depending on your location, you may need certifications to handle things like heavy machinery.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Have self-discipline.\", \"描述\": \"Landscaping is usually done outdoors which means you will enjoy the sunshine. Don’t be tempted to get in a round of golf or take your family to the lake unless you have budgeted for that time off. You must be diligent when you attend to your clients’ needs to ensure their loyalty. You don’t want to unexpectedly lose a client and any potential referrals they might give.\\nLike any service industry, your landscaping business will be built on your reputation. If you work hard and put your clients’ needs first, you can reap the rewards of referrals and sustained business.\\nClients can be particularly demanding in this industry, asking you to focus solely on them and make time during their days off. Be polite but firm when you cannot accommodate them, and suggest alternatives to meet their needs. If, for example, they want to talk on your day off, let them know that you will not be in the office that day, but you can meet them on Monday during their lunch hour.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Maintain a healthy lifestyle.\", \"描述\": \"Landscaping can be hard on your body especially if you’re lifting heavy equipment and moving awkwardly shaped rocks and trees all day. Take care of you health by tending to any aches and pains. A nagging injury can develop into something much worse.\\nWhile you think you can work through the pain to make money in the short term, you may lose everything in the end if it develops into chronic pain that’s debilitating. There are official workplace protocols that may need to be followed when operating heavy machinery or hazardous chemicals. Make sure you completely understand the proper procedures and follow them exactly as stated. Always prioritize the safety of you and your employees, especially when dealing with something for the first time. You not only want to avoid injury to yourself but you also want to avoid damage to your client's property.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Develop your business acumen.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re working on your own, you may need to learn marketing strategies, targeted advertising, cash flow administration, and budgeting software. You may be able to hire a staff immediately or outsource things like accounting if you have the initial capital to cover these costs. Don’t be afraid to take classes or hire a consultant as the initial expenditure will be worth the investment.\\nWhile trial and error can work, you don’t want to waste valuable time and resources especially when working in a competitive market.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Know your market.\", \"描述\": \"There are many different clients who seek landscapers and lawn care professionals, and many companies who are willing to meet those needs. Think about what you will do to set yourself apart from other landscapers in your area. A successful startup landscaping business can typically have between 20 to 30 residential clients a week. These clients may receive anything from fertilizing, chemical application, and landscape installation, to mowing and lawn maintenance.\\nPotential landscaping clients will include: homeowners who want you to design their landscaping because they don’t have the tools or creativity that you possess, new homeowners who want to update their landscape, homeowners who are looking to sell and want to enhance their home’s curb appeal, both residential and commercial builders without an in-house landscaping team.\\nPotential lawn care clients include: homeowners who travel frequently, retirees who don’t have the capacity to care for their lawn themselves, “snowbirds” who leave for warmer climates during the cold months, golf course managers, rental property or condominium association managers who need property upkeep, and facilities managers of public green spaces. Public green spaces include cemeteries, universities, government entities, and universities.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Devise your service plan.\", \"描述\": \"You may offer a variety of services but be sure that you have enough resources to cover everything you offer. For example, if you offer pest control, you may need special certification for animal handling. This certification will require additional training and you may not have the money and time to cover it. Look into people in your area that specialize in other services that you may not offer, and talk to them about developing a mutually beneficial subcontractor relationship.\\nServices may include: lawn maintenance/mowing, hydroseeding, sod installation, landscape care, weeding, fertilizing, landscape maintenance, pest control, landscape design, landscape architecture, or contracting services. Most begin with mowing and begin to add other services as they gain more experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Set your prices.\", \"描述\": \"Come up with an hourly rate for both you and your employees to establish a baseline for your services. This will not be shared to your clients but will help you give your estimates for any requested service. You may want to talk to your mentors or other trusted professionals in your area to get a reasonable sense of competitive pricing. It may also help to take a few business classes through your local community college or University extension program.\\nYou may ask friends and family to contact competitors to see how much they offer their services for and then set your prices to compete. You may also figure out how much it would cost you to complete a project and then divide the price of the materials with the amount of hours it would take you to complete the project.\\nYou may also figure out your rates based on how much you want to make in a year. For example, if you want to make $40,000 to start, this will roughly be $3,334 a month. Next, divide that by the number of hours you want to work in a month. So if your want to work 35 hours a week in a four week month you would be working 140 hours with a rate of $23.81/hour. You can add a profit margin. The cost of doing business, including tools, administrations, and materials, is billed to your clients on top of your hourly rate.\\nYour rate must, at the very least, cover the bills of your business and personal expenses including food, mortgage, medication, etc. This will allow you to survive but will not give you any profit for savings or investing back into your business.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Estimate your jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Clients will want to know the upfront cost of your service. There are software packages including CLIP and LandPro that can help you with this tricky proposition. You don’t want to give an estimate that’s too high that it seems unreasonable, or too low that it makes the project seem like a waste of your time and resources.\\nYou must determine what your costs will be including material and labour. Then you can add your profit margin after you have covered the resources. Materials may include topsoil, mulch, and plants. You may be able to find these at wholesalers that will give you greater value. You can then mark up the price to gain a profit. You may also work with subcontractors and rent equipment if it allows you to work with more clients and offer different services. Keep in mind business overhead as well. For example, take into account the cost of gas as you must drive from location to location.\\nYour estimate includes the exact services that you will be providing, the materials needed, and any other details specific to the project. It is the landscaping industry standard to provide an estimate as a free service.\\nTry to avoid the trap of selling your next job to pay for the one you are finishing now. Be diligent about appropriately planning your budgets and estimates to cover the cost of the job.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Landscaping Like a Professional\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid using a lawn mower bag.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of collecting the grass clippings in a regular bag, you can leave it on the lawn for microbes and earthworms to eat. This can help keep your lawn healthy and green. You can also collect the clippings and place them into compost.\\nRake up a light layer of leaves and go over them with your lawn mower. Leave the discards on your lawn to limit popping up weeds as the leaves break down.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"View your landscape from inside the house.\", \"描述\": \"Take different perspectives to view your landscape. After you view your landscape from the street you should also view it from inside the home to make sure it looks well groomed from multiple angles. You should also view it from rooms with large windows that look out to it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don’t overstock your space.\", \"描述\": \"Allow your plants and flowers to have adequate space to grow and flourish. Don’t try to cram every inch of your landscape because you will find it extremely difficult to prune and weed next spring.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Choose the right mulch.\", \"描述\": \"Red mulch has been found to have harsh chemicals, including arsenic that is harmful to pets and children. Don’t let harsh chemicals contaminate your soil. Read labels and choose organic or natural fertilizers.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Find the right nutrients.\", \"描述\": \"Local agricultural agencies are able to test your soil to see what nutrients it needs if you send a sample to them. Collect two cups of soil in a sample bag by digging about six to seven inches deep into the soil. Research your closest agricultural agency and send your sample.\\nThere will be a charge to send the sample. Be sure to contact them before hand to ensure you know the proper procedures and wait time.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Buy multiple types of your favourite flower.\", \"描述\": \"If there is a particular flower that you like you should buy several and plant them in groupings. You may plant them in clumps of five or seven in one area, or create a unified look by planting these odd numbered clumps throughout your landscape.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Space your planting beds correctly.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t make your planting beds too narrow. Make sure not to place them too close to the house by placing them around a third to two thirds the height of the house.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Avoid laying weed fabric.\", \"描述\": \"Weed fabric can be a waste of time and money because weeds will continue to grow on top of it in the long term. No matter how many layers of weed fabric you lay down you will still have weeds grow in the long term, so don’t waste your resources.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Use the right lawn fertilizer correctly.\", \"描述\": \"Avoid using lawn fertilizers that have 30 percent nitrogen. Use time-releasing water-insoluble nitrogen only twice a year. Your lawn will need less fertilizer if it is older and well-irrigated.\\nFor example, only use fertilizer on Memorial Day and after Labor Day.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Avoid invasive species.\", \"描述\": \"Do your research and make sure not to include any invasive species in your garden. Talk to nurseries and research online to be sure that you don’t include any species that will spread and kill other plants.\\nFor example, nurseries still sell purple loosestrife. It is inexpensive and produces a lovely flower but will spread and choke out your other plants.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Water your lawn correctly.\", \"描述\": \"Water your lawn with one inch of water every week. Depending on your soil and the heat, you may need to water your lawn once every five days. Create a stronger plant with infrequent watering that forces the roots to grow deeper to find ground water, or look into installing a more comprehensive irrigation system.\\nLearn about creating irrigation systems and hydraulic theory. Look into classes on planning and installing irrigation systems. This can help you plan systems that will help maintain a landscape without you having to be there frequently to water it.\\nRemember to check water restrictions during extreme heat.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Choose garden flowers based on a colour wheel.\", \"描述\": \"Use a colour wheel to determine opposite colours. Choose what colours work best together and find the flowers that match.\\nFor example, purple and yellow work well together.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Contact your local extension service for more horticultural information. Federal grant monies typically help fund these programs so most services are free or low cost.\\n\", \"Search for online communities that discuss landscaping.\\n\", \"Always be open to new learning opportunities. Landscaping trends and technologies are always changing, so be open to learning new things even after you've started your career.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be careful when working outdoors and lifting heavy objects. Landscaping can be very physically demanding so be sure to always take the proper safety precautions.\\n\", \"Landscaping can mean a number of physical hazards. Be sure to wear durable clothing and bring along all necessary personal safety equipment including thick gloves and boots to keep yourself as safe as possible.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
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wikihow
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How to Become a Law Professor
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1. Taking the Traditional Path
1-1. Go to one of the top law schools in the country.
Most law professors got their law degree at Harvard, Yale, Stanford, or Chicago. There are another dozen or so prominent law schools that regularly produce law professors as well. If you're planning on taking the classical path toward becoming a law professor, you need to get your law degree from one of these schools.
Some high-ranking schools have greater prominence regionally. For example, if you wanted to teach at a southern law school, you could likely make the cut with a degree from Emory, Duke, or Vanderbilt.
If you were planning on teaching on the west coast, you could add Berkeley and UCLA to the list.
1-2. Perform exceptionally well academically while in law school.
How well you do is determined relatively according to your class rank. While you don't necessarily have to graduate first in your class, aim to be in the top 5%. The lower-ranked your law school, the higher your class rank needs to be if you want to get noticed.
Regardless of which school you go to, there is little hope for you to become a law professor if you aren't in the top 25% of your class.
1-3. Join the law review and hold a senior editorial position.
If you're taking the classical path toward becoming a law professor, you need to be a member of the most important law review at your law school. While most law schools have several journals that focus on a particular field of law, for the classical path, the main law review is the only one that matters.
You also need to hold a senior editorial position in your third year. Ideally, you'll be editor-in-chief. If you don't manage to take the top spot, you should at least be in charge of a particular department or process. For example, you might be the articles editor.
1-4. Publish at least one article in law school.
If you're on law review staff, you'll write a student note and submit it for publication. Not all student notes are published. However, if you want to become a law professor, your note should be good enough to be published.
In addition to your student note, start working on an article that you can submit to other journals for publication after you graduate from law school. Ideally, your other article will be in the same area of law as your student note so you can start building expertise in an area.
You might also consider writing an article about a core area of law that you studied your first year of law school, such as contracts or criminal law. New law professors often teach first-year classes so it's a good idea to establish expertise in one of those areas.
1-5. Serve as a clerk for a judge after law school.
The top law professor candidates usually spend the first few years after graduating clerking for prestigious judges. The US Court of Appeals is a good place to start. A clerkship with a justice on the Supreme Court is best.
New graduates typically clerk for a judge on the appellate court first, then apply for a clerkship with a Supreme Court justice.
State court clerkships, even at the appellate level, are not as impressive as federal court clerkships.
1-6. Continue to publish after law school.
A clerkship typically also gives you the opportunity to research and write. You'll see challenging cases come through the courts every day and will have a sense of developing trends in the law. You'll also have insight on hot-button issues that could make for compelling journal articles.
Look for an issue on which federal circuits are divided. A case that presents that issue is ripe for a Supreme Court decision and could serve as the basis for a strong journal article that could be cited by appellate court judges or even Supreme Court justices.
1-7. Practice at a top law firm for 2 to 5 years.
After your clerkships, gain some experience practicing law — preferably at a nationally renowned "white-shoe" law firm. Most of these firms are located in New York City, although they typically have branch offices all over the world.
While you do want some experience practicing law, too much experience could sink your chances of becoming a law professor. Law schools favor academic scholarship over practice in the legal trade, particularly for tenure-track positions.
The career services company Vault publishes law firm rankings every year based on the assessments of practicing lawyers. If you're taking the classical route toward becoming a law professor, aim to be an associate at one of the top 10 law firms on this list.
1-8. Get recommendations from professors.
For a law professor application, you'll need at least 3 or 4 references. They should be from professors who understand your research and scholarship interests, not necessarily professors whose classes you took in law school.
The professors can be from any school. However, you typically want at least 2 professors to be from the school where you graduated.
It helps if you have a famous professor or two, but don't go for prestige over substance.
2. Going the Post-Doc Route
2-1. Earn strong grades in law school.
If you follow the post-doc path, you'll be getting another degree after your law degree, so your grades and class rank in law school aren't as important as they would be if you took the classical path. However, you still need strong grades to be accepted into a post-doc program. Law schools will also look at your grades in law school when you apply to be a professor, even if you have another degree.
Generally, you should be in the top 25-30% of your class if you're getting another degree after law school.
2-2. Serve on the editorial board of a law journal.
When you're getting another degree after your law degree, you may not necessarily need to be the editor-in-chief of your school's most prestigious law review. However, some journal experience is still important to demonstrate your interest in legal scholarship.
Serving on the editorial board is typically less important than publishing articles. However, being on the staff of a journal gives you the best opportunity to write a journal article.
2-3. Write at least one legal research article while in law school.
If you're on the staff of a law journal, your article might be your student note. However, it's a good idea to get started on another article with the aim of submitting it to law journals after you graduate.
If all you have is your student note, you should at least have a thesis for an additional research project lined up, along with some preliminary research.
2-4. Apply to graduate law programs at top law schools.
If you get another degree after law school, you might have a better chance of getting a job as a law professor if your other degree is also in law. Advanced law studies include LLM, JSD, or SJD programs. However, these degrees won't help you much in your quest to become a law student unless they're from one of the best law schools in the country, such as Harvard or Yale.
Yale also has a Ph.D. in law offered by Yale Law School.
Graduate law programs also give you additional opportunities to engage in legal scholarship, so you could potentially get another publication or two under your belt by the time you graduate.
2-5. Teach legal research and writing at a top law school.
Legal research and writing (LRW) instructors typically aren't tenure-track professors who are only hired to teach for a semester or year at a time. LRW instructors primarily teach first-year legal writing classes, but may have other duties, such as overseeing brief writing for the school's moot court teams.
Because these are non-tenure-track positions, they are typically easier to get and allow you to get your feet wet and decide if teaching law is what you really want to do.
As an LRW instructor, you have full use of the school's library and access to the other faculty. This can give you the tools you need to write and publish articles.
2-6. Get a fellowship to increase your research and writing.
Many top law schools, including Harvard and Yale, offer fellowship programs that give students who want to become law professors the opportunity to pursue legal scholarship. Typically, you need a specific proposal for the type of research you plan to do. Fellows may also assist in teaching classes at the law school or mentor JD students.
Fellowships are highly competitive. You might also try getting a job at a law school as a Visiting Assistant Professor (VAP). These jobs also allow you to continue your research and writing, although your work will be far more self-directed than it would in a fellowship.
3. Trying the Interdisciplinary Approach
3-1. Get exceptional grades in law school.
Regardless of your approach to becoming a law professor, a strong academic record is important. At a minimum, you should rank in the top 25-30% of your class. The highest possible rank is always the best.
Your class rank and grades will be more important to the law schools when you apply as a law professor than they will be when you apply for your graduate degree. Faculty and admissions staff in other disciplines will likely be unfamiliar with the law school grading process.
3-2. Work on a law journal to show your interest in legal scholarship.
Particularly if you're getting a degree in another discipline, law schools might question if you're more committed to that discipline than you are to law. Law schools tend to hire professors who are passionate about legal study and scholarship. Your work on a law journal in law school helps you establish and demonstrate that interest.
You might consider a position at a journal related to your other degree, if your law school has such a journal. For example, if you're planning to get a Ph.D. in economics, you might serve on the editorial board of a law and economics journal.
3-3. Practice law for 2 to 5 years before going back to school.
Generally, it's a good idea to get some legal practice in before you get your graduate degree in a related discipline, as opposed to going straight to school. It will be easier to find a job at a law firm while you're in law school and can take advantage of your school's career resources.
When potential employers ask you about your career goals, you shouldn't lie. However, it's probably best to downplay the fact that you're planning on going back to school to get a degree in another discipline in a couple of years.
3-4. Pursue a graduate degree in an academic area related to law.
To take an interdisciplinary approach toward becoming a law professor, you need a Ph.D. in a discipline that frequently intersects legal study. The specific degree might also dictate the types of law school courses you would be qualified to teach.
For example, many jurisprudence or legal philosophy professors also have a Ph.D. in philosophy. Economics is another discipline that frequently intersects with legal study.
3-5. Continue to publish in law journals while getting your graduate degree.
The danger in getting a degree in another discipline is that you will appear to have abandoned the law for several years. Although your focus will be on your degree programs, balance your study out with a couple of publications in law journals.
Look for interdisciplinary journals where you can write articles about areas where the two disciplines intersect or overlap. This will reinforce the idea that you're getting the other degree to supplement and enrich your law degree and contribute to your legal scholarship.
3-6. Keep in touch with your old law school professors.
As you work towards your graduate degree, continually reach out to old law school professors and maintain relationships with them. When you enter the legal teaching market, you'll need recommendations from professors. Keeping these relationships active also demonstrates your commitment to legal scholarship.
For example, you might start an email correspondence with a professor you admire. When legal issues or questions come up in your graduate study, you might write to them for advice.
If you have an idea for an article for a law journal, write to a professor who has done research in that area and ask for advice or assistance. This will ensure that the professors you get recommendations from are familiar with the type of research you want to pursue as a professor.
4. Establishing Yourself as an Expert Practitioner
4-1. Get substantial practical experience after law school.
If you're considering being a professor based on your practical experience, you want to become an expert at whatever legal niche you practice. Professors hired based on their experience typically are clinical professors, but some also teach academic classes in niche subjects, such as entertainment law.
The type of law firm you practice at doesn't matter as much if you're following this path. You might even start your own firm, which can be especially helpful if you're practicing in an area of law that people regularly need, such as criminal law or family law.
Keep your practice focus as narrow as possible and tied to the type of law school classes you ultimately want to teach. For example, if you want to teach criminal law, you might work as a defense attorney.
4-2. Publish articles in practice journals and academic journals.
Law schools typically look down on practice journals or trade magazines. However, if you're trying to become a law professor based on your experience, publication in practical journals helps bolster your reputation as an expert.
You might also consider writing a book or chapter for a nonfiction book related to your area of legal expertise. If you get your name out there by publishing in journals a lot, these types of opportunities may come up.
4-3. Make yourself available as a legal commentator to gain name recognition.
Start with your local news station. Send over your résumé with a letter and explain what issues you're available to discuss as a commentator. In many places, good local legal commentators are in high demand, so it shouldn't take long before you're contacted.
If you live in a larger city, it might be a little more difficult to get established as a legal commentator, even on local news stations. You might start with smaller towns nearby.
You can also establish a name for yourself as a commentator by starting a blog or writing articles and submitting them to local news outlets.
4-4. Teach as an adjunct professor while practicing law.
You can enhance your reputation as an expert as well as gain teaching experience by working as an adjunct professor. Adjuncts typically only teach one class a semester, usually in a niche area, such as entertainment or environmental law, that they also practice.
Teaching as an adjunct is typically easier if you have your own law firm because you can adjust your client intake to make time for the class.
While teaching even one class can take up significant time and resources, make sure you can keep up with your writing and publications at the same time. If you want to get hired in a full-time, tenure-track faculty position, publications are essential, regardless of which path you take to get there.
4-5. Make friends with law professors.
Contact law professors who teach the same area of law that you practice (or an area that intersects with your practice). You might send a journal article you've written by way of introduction or offer to come and speak to their students about your practice.
For example, if you practice music law, you might reach out to copyright or intellectual property law professors and ask if you could come to their class to discuss the different copyright and trademark aspects you encounter in your practice.
If you want to become a law professor, not only practitioners but also professors must view you as an expert in your field. The recommendations from these law professors will make it much more likely for you to get a position on a law school faculty.
Tips
Before you put yourself on the market as a candidate, reach out to the law school you graduated from. Top law schools that produce law professors typically have resources available that can help you land the position of your dreams, including mock job talks and interviews.[30]
X
Research source
Warnings
The market for law professors is extremely competitive. Getting a full-time, tenure-track faculty position as a law professor can be more difficult than getting admitted to an Ivy League school, getting a job at a top law firm, or getting a clerkship in the Supreme Court.[31]
X
Research source
This article discusses how to become a law professor in the US if you were educated in the US. If you live in another country, talk to a law professor about how you can get a similar job.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:05",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Taking the Traditional Path\\n1-1. Go to one of the top law schools in the country.\\nMost law professors got their law degree at Harvard, Yale, Stanford, or Chicago. There are another dozen or so prominent law schools that regularly produce law professors as well. If you're planning on taking the classical path toward becoming a law professor, you need to get your law degree from one of these schools.\\nSome high-ranking schools have greater prominence regionally. For example, if you wanted to teach at a southern law school, you could likely make the cut with a degree from Emory, Duke, or Vanderbilt.\\nIf you were planning on teaching on the west coast, you could add Berkeley and UCLA to the list.\\n1-2. Perform exceptionally well academically while in law school.\\nHow well you do is determined relatively according to your class rank. While you don't necessarily have to graduate first in your class, aim to be in the top 5%. The lower-ranked your law school, the higher your class rank needs to be if you want to get noticed.\\nRegardless of which school you go to, there is little hope for you to become a law professor if you aren't in the top 25% of your class.\\n1-3. Join the law review and hold a senior editorial position.\\nIf you're taking the classical path toward becoming a law professor, you need to be a member of the most important law review at your law school. While most law schools have several journals that focus on a particular field of law, for the classical path, the main law review is the only one that matters.\\nYou also need to hold a senior editorial position in your third year. Ideally, you'll be editor-in-chief. If you don't manage to take the top spot, you should at least be in charge of a particular department or process. For example, you might be the articles editor.\\n1-4. Publish at least one article in law school.\\nIf you're on law review staff, you'll write a student note and submit it for publication. Not all student notes are published. However, if you want to become a law professor, your note should be good enough to be published.\\nIn addition to your student note, start working on an article that you can submit to other journals for publication after you graduate from law school. Ideally, your other article will be in the same area of law as your student note so you can start building expertise in an area.\\nYou might also consider writing an article about a core area of law that you studied your first year of law school, such as contracts or criminal law. New law professors often teach first-year classes so it's a good idea to establish expertise in one of those areas.\\n1-5. Serve as a clerk for a judge after law school.\\nThe top law professor candidates usually spend the first few years after graduating clerking for prestigious judges. The US Court of Appeals is a good place to start. A clerkship with a justice on the Supreme Court is best.\\nNew graduates typically clerk for a judge on the appellate court first, then apply for a clerkship with a Supreme Court justice.\\nState court clerkships, even at the appellate level, are not as impressive as federal court clerkships.\\n1-6. Continue to publish after law school.\\nA clerkship typically also gives you the opportunity to research and write. You'll see challenging cases come through the courts every day and will have a sense of developing trends in the law. You'll also have insight on hot-button issues that could make for compelling journal articles.\\nLook for an issue on which federal circuits are divided. A case that presents that issue is ripe for a Supreme Court decision and could serve as the basis for a strong journal article that could be cited by appellate court judges or even Supreme Court justices.\\n1-7. Practice at a top law firm for 2 to 5 years.\\nAfter your clerkships, gain some experience practicing law — preferably at a nationally renowned \\\"white-shoe\\\" law firm. Most of these firms are located in New York City, although they typically have branch offices all over the world.\\nWhile you do want some experience practicing law, too much experience could sink your chances of becoming a law professor. Law schools favor academic scholarship over practice in the legal trade, particularly for tenure-track positions.\\nThe career services company Vault publishes law firm rankings every year based on the assessments of practicing lawyers. If you're taking the classical route toward becoming a law professor, aim to be an associate at one of the top 10 law firms on this list.\\n1-8. Get recommendations from professors.\\nFor a law professor application, you'll need at least 3 or 4 references. They should be from professors who understand your research and scholarship interests, not necessarily professors whose classes you took in law school.\\nThe professors can be from any school. However, you typically want at least 2 professors to be from the school where you graduated.\\nIt helps if you have a famous professor or two, but don't go for prestige over substance.\\n2. Going the Post-Doc Route\\n2-1. Earn strong grades in law school.\\nIf you follow the post-doc path, you'll be getting another degree after your law degree, so your grades and class rank in law school aren't as important as they would be if you took the classical path. However, you still need strong grades to be accepted into a post-doc program. Law schools will also look at your grades in law school when you apply to be a professor, even if you have another degree.\\nGenerally, you should be in the top 25-30% of your class if you're getting another degree after law school.\\n2-2. Serve on the editorial board of a law journal.\\nWhen you're getting another degree after your law degree, you may not necessarily need to be the editor-in-chief of your school's most prestigious law review. However, some journal experience is still important to demonstrate your interest in legal scholarship.\\nServing on the editorial board is typically less important than publishing articles. However, being on the staff of a journal gives you the best opportunity to write a journal article.\\n2-3. Write at least one legal research article while in law school.\\nIf you're on the staff of a law journal, your article might be your student note. However, it's a good idea to get started on another article with the aim of submitting it to law journals after you graduate.\\nIf all you have is your student note, you should at least have a thesis for an additional research project lined up, along with some preliminary research.\\n2-4. Apply to graduate law programs at top law schools.\\nIf you get another degree after law school, you might have a better chance of getting a job as a law professor if your other degree is also in law. Advanced law studies include LLM, JSD, or SJD programs. However, these degrees won't help you much in your quest to become a law student unless they're from one of the best law schools in the country, such as Harvard or Yale.\\nYale also has a Ph.D. in law offered by Yale Law School.\\nGraduate law programs also give you additional opportunities to engage in legal scholarship, so you could potentially get another publication or two under your belt by the time you graduate.\\n2-5. Teach legal research and writing at a top law school.\\nLegal research and writing (LRW) instructors typically aren't tenure-track professors who are only hired to teach for a semester or year at a time. LRW instructors primarily teach first-year legal writing classes, but may have other duties, such as overseeing brief writing for the school's moot court teams.\\nBecause these are non-tenure-track positions, they are typically easier to get and allow you to get your feet wet and decide if teaching law is what you really want to do.\\nAs an LRW instructor, you have full use of the school's library and access to the other faculty. This can give you the tools you need to write and publish articles.\\n2-6. Get a fellowship to increase your research and writing.\\nMany top law schools, including Harvard and Yale, offer fellowship programs that give students who want to become law professors the opportunity to pursue legal scholarship. Typically, you need a specific proposal for the type of research you plan to do. Fellows may also assist in teaching classes at the law school or mentor JD students.\\nFellowships are highly competitive. You might also try getting a job at a law school as a Visiting Assistant Professor (VAP). These jobs also allow you to continue your research and writing, although your work will be far more self-directed than it would in a fellowship.\\n3. Trying the Interdisciplinary Approach\\n3-1. Get exceptional grades in law school.\\nRegardless of your approach to becoming a law professor, a strong academic record is important. At a minimum, you should rank in the top 25-30% of your class. The highest possible rank is always the best.\\nYour class rank and grades will be more important to the law schools when you apply as a law professor than they will be when you apply for your graduate degree. Faculty and admissions staff in other disciplines will likely be unfamiliar with the law school grading process.\\n3-2. Work on a law journal to show your interest in legal scholarship.\\nParticularly if you're getting a degree in another discipline, law schools might question if you're more committed to that discipline than you are to law. Law schools tend to hire professors who are passionate about legal study and scholarship. Your work on a law journal in law school helps you establish and demonstrate that interest.\\nYou might consider a position at a journal related to your other degree, if your law school has such a journal. For example, if you're planning to get a Ph.D. in economics, you might serve on the editorial board of a law and economics journal.\\n3-3. Practice law for 2 to 5 years before going back to school.\\nGenerally, it's a good idea to get some legal practice in before you get your graduate degree in a related discipline, as opposed to going straight to school. It will be easier to find a job at a law firm while you're in law school and can take advantage of your school's career resources.\\nWhen potential employers ask you about your career goals, you shouldn't lie. However, it's probably best to downplay the fact that you're planning on going back to school to get a degree in another discipline in a couple of years.\\n3-4. Pursue a graduate degree in an academic area related to law.\\nTo take an interdisciplinary approach toward becoming a law professor, you need a Ph.D. in a discipline that frequently intersects legal study. The specific degree might also dictate the types of law school courses you would be qualified to teach.\\nFor example, many jurisprudence or legal philosophy professors also have a Ph.D. in philosophy. Economics is another discipline that frequently intersects with legal study.\\n3-5. Continue to publish in law journals while getting your graduate degree.\\nThe danger in getting a degree in another discipline is that you will appear to have abandoned the law for several years. Although your focus will be on your degree programs, balance your study out with a couple of publications in law journals.\\nLook for interdisciplinary journals where you can write articles about areas where the two disciplines intersect or overlap. This will reinforce the idea that you're getting the other degree to supplement and enrich your law degree and contribute to your legal scholarship.\\n3-6. Keep in touch with your old law school professors.\\nAs you work towards your graduate degree, continually reach out to old law school professors and maintain relationships with them. When you enter the legal teaching market, you'll need recommendations from professors. Keeping these relationships active also demonstrates your commitment to legal scholarship.\\nFor example, you might start an email correspondence with a professor you admire. When legal issues or questions come up in your graduate study, you might write to them for advice.\\nIf you have an idea for an article for a law journal, write to a professor who has done research in that area and ask for advice or assistance. This will ensure that the professors you get recommendations from are familiar with the type of research you want to pursue as a professor.\\n4. Establishing Yourself as an Expert Practitioner\\n4-1. Get substantial practical experience after law school.\\nIf you're considering being a professor based on your practical experience, you want to become an expert at whatever legal niche you practice. Professors hired based on their experience typically are clinical professors, but some also teach academic classes in niche subjects, such as entertainment law.\\nThe type of law firm you practice at doesn't matter as much if you're following this path. You might even start your own firm, which can be especially helpful if you're practicing in an area of law that people regularly need, such as criminal law or family law.\\nKeep your practice focus as narrow as possible and tied to the type of law school classes you ultimately want to teach. For example, if you want to teach criminal law, you might work as a defense attorney.\\n4-2. Publish articles in practice journals and academic journals.\\nLaw schools typically look down on practice journals or trade magazines. However, if you're trying to become a law professor based on your experience, publication in practical journals helps bolster your reputation as an expert.\\nYou might also consider writing a book or chapter for a nonfiction book related to your area of legal expertise. If you get your name out there by publishing in journals a lot, these types of opportunities may come up.\\n4-3. Make yourself available as a legal commentator to gain name recognition.\\nStart with your local news station. Send over your résumé with a letter and explain what issues you're available to discuss as a commentator. In many places, good local legal commentators are in high demand, so it shouldn't take long before you're contacted.\\nIf you live in a larger city, it might be a little more difficult to get established as a legal commentator, even on local news stations. You might start with smaller towns nearby.\\nYou can also establish a name for yourself as a commentator by starting a blog or writing articles and submitting them to local news outlets.\\n4-4. Teach as an adjunct professor while practicing law.\\nYou can enhance your reputation as an expert as well as gain teaching experience by working as an adjunct professor. Adjuncts typically only teach one class a semester, usually in a niche area, such as entertainment or environmental law, that they also practice.\\nTeaching as an adjunct is typically easier if you have your own law firm because you can adjust your client intake to make time for the class.\\nWhile teaching even one class can take up significant time and resources, make sure you can keep up with your writing and publications at the same time. If you want to get hired in a full-time, tenure-track faculty position, publications are essential, regardless of which path you take to get there.\\n4-5. Make friends with law professors.\\nContact law professors who teach the same area of law that you practice (or an area that intersects with your practice). You might send a journal article you've written by way of introduction or offer to come and speak to their students about your practice.\\nFor example, if you practice music law, you might reach out to copyright or intellectual property law professors and ask if you could come to their class to discuss the different copyright and trademark aspects you encounter in your practice.\\nIf you want to become a law professor, not only practitioners but also professors must view you as an expert in your field. The recommendations from these law professors will make it much more likely for you to get a position on a law school faculty.\\nTips\\nBefore you put yourself on the market as a candidate, reach out to the law school you graduated from. Top law schools that produce law professors typically have resources available that can help you land the position of your dreams, including mock job talks and interviews.[30]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nThe market for law professors is extremely competitive. Getting a full-time, tenure-track faculty position as a law professor can be more difficult than getting admitted to an Ivy League school, getting a job at a top law firm, or getting a clerkship in the Supreme Court.[31]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nThis article discusses how to become a law professor in the US if you were educated in the US. If you live in another country, talk to a law professor about how you can get a similar job.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Maybe you had a particularly inspirational professor in law school who motivated you to follow in their footsteps. Or, after a few years of practice, you miss law school and decide you'd rather go back and teach. Whatever your motivation, becoming a law professor can be challenging — especially with so few new professors being hired each year. However, if you have a strong academic background and expertise in a specific field of law, there are several different paths you can take to try to become a law professor.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Taking the Traditional Path\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go to one of the top law schools in the country.\", \"描述\": \"Most law professors got their law degree at Harvard, Yale, Stanford, or Chicago. There are another dozen or so prominent law schools that regularly produce law professors as well. If you're planning on taking the classical path toward becoming a law professor, you need to get your law degree from one of these schools.\\nSome high-ranking schools have greater prominence regionally. For example, if you wanted to teach at a southern law school, you could likely make the cut with a degree from Emory, Duke, or Vanderbilt.\\nIf you were planning on teaching on the west coast, you could add Berkeley and UCLA to the list.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Perform exceptionally well academically while in law school.\", \"描述\": \"How well you do is determined relatively according to your class rank. While you don't necessarily have to graduate first in your class, aim to be in the top 5%. The lower-ranked your law school, the higher your class rank needs to be if you want to get noticed.\\nRegardless of which school you go to, there is little hope for you to become a law professor if you aren't in the top 25% of your class.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Join the law review and hold a senior editorial position.\", \"描述\": \"If you're taking the classical path toward becoming a law professor, you need to be a member of the most important law review at your law school. While most law schools have several journals that focus on a particular field of law, for the classical path, the main law review is the only one that matters.\\nYou also need to hold a senior editorial position in your third year. Ideally, you'll be editor-in-chief. If you don't manage to take the top spot, you should at least be in charge of a particular department or process. For example, you might be the articles editor.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Publish at least one article in law school.\", \"描述\": \"If you're on law review staff, you'll write a student note and submit it for publication. Not all student notes are published. However, if you want to become a law professor, your note should be good enough to be published.\\nIn addition to your student note, start working on an article that you can submit to other journals for publication after you graduate from law school. Ideally, your other article will be in the same area of law as your student note so you can start building expertise in an area.\\nYou might also consider writing an article about a core area of law that you studied your first year of law school, such as contracts or criminal law. New law professors often teach first-year classes so it's a good idea to establish expertise in one of those areas.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Serve as a clerk for a judge after law school.\", \"描述\": \"The top law professor candidates usually spend the first few years after graduating clerking for prestigious judges. The US Court of Appeals is a good place to start. A clerkship with a justice on the Supreme Court is best.\\nNew graduates typically clerk for a judge on the appellate court first, then apply for a clerkship with a Supreme Court justice.\\nState court clerkships, even at the appellate level, are not as impressive as federal court clerkships.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Continue to publish after law school.\", \"描述\": \"A clerkship typically also gives you the opportunity to research and write. You'll see challenging cases come through the courts every day and will have a sense of developing trends in the law. You'll also have insight on hot-button issues that could make for compelling journal articles.\\nLook for an issue on which federal circuits are divided. A case that presents that issue is ripe for a Supreme Court decision and could serve as the basis for a strong journal article that could be cited by appellate court judges or even Supreme Court justices.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Practice at a top law firm for 2 to 5 years.\", \"描述\": \"After your clerkships, gain some experience practicing law — preferably at a nationally renowned \\\"white-shoe\\\" law firm. Most of these firms are located in New York City, although they typically have branch offices all over the world.\\nWhile you do want some experience practicing law, too much experience could sink your chances of becoming a law professor. Law schools favor academic scholarship over practice in the legal trade, particularly for tenure-track positions.\\nThe career services company Vault publishes law firm rankings every year based on the assessments of practicing lawyers. If you're taking the classical route toward becoming a law professor, aim to be an associate at one of the top 10 law firms on this list.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Get recommendations from professors.\", \"描述\": \"For a law professor application, you'll need at least 3 or 4 references. They should be from professors who understand your research and scholarship interests, not necessarily professors whose classes you took in law school.\\nThe professors can be from any school. However, you typically want at least 2 professors to be from the school where you graduated.\\nIt helps if you have a famous professor or two, but don't go for prestige over substance.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Going the Post-Doc Route\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn strong grades in law school.\", \"描述\": \"If you follow the post-doc path, you'll be getting another degree after your law degree, so your grades and class rank in law school aren't as important as they would be if you took the classical path. However, you still need strong grades to be accepted into a post-doc program. Law schools will also look at your grades in law school when you apply to be a professor, even if you have another degree.\\nGenerally, you should be in the top 25-30% of your class if you're getting another degree after law school.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Serve on the editorial board of a law journal.\", \"描述\": \"When you're getting another degree after your law degree, you may not necessarily need to be the editor-in-chief of your school's most prestigious law review. However, some journal experience is still important to demonstrate your interest in legal scholarship.\\nServing on the editorial board is typically less important than publishing articles. However, being on the staff of a journal gives you the best opportunity to write a journal article.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Write at least one legal research article while in law school.\", \"描述\": \"If you're on the staff of a law journal, your article might be your student note. However, it's a good idea to get started on another article with the aim of submitting it to law journals after you graduate.\\nIf all you have is your student note, you should at least have a thesis for an additional research project lined up, along with some preliminary research.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply to graduate law programs at top law schools.\", \"描述\": \"If you get another degree after law school, you might have a better chance of getting a job as a law professor if your other degree is also in law. Advanced law studies include LLM, JSD, or SJD programs. However, these degrees won't help you much in your quest to become a law student unless they're from one of the best law schools in the country, such as Harvard or Yale.\\nYale also has a Ph.D. in law offered by Yale Law School.\\nGraduate law programs also give you additional opportunities to engage in legal scholarship, so you could potentially get another publication or two under your belt by the time you graduate.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Teach legal research and writing at a top law school.\", \"描述\": \"Legal research and writing (LRW) instructors typically aren't tenure-track professors who are only hired to teach for a semester or year at a time. LRW instructors primarily teach first-year legal writing classes, but may have other duties, such as overseeing brief writing for the school's moot court teams.\\nBecause these are non-tenure-track positions, they are typically easier to get and allow you to get your feet wet and decide if teaching law is what you really want to do.\\nAs an LRW instructor, you have full use of the school's library and access to the other faculty. This can give you the tools you need to write and publish articles.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get a fellowship to increase your research and writing.\", \"描述\": \"Many top law schools, including Harvard and Yale, offer fellowship programs that give students who want to become law professors the opportunity to pursue legal scholarship. Typically, you need a specific proposal for the type of research you plan to do. Fellows may also assist in teaching classes at the law school or mentor JD students.\\nFellowships are highly competitive. You might also try getting a job at a law school as a Visiting Assistant Professor (VAP). These jobs also allow you to continue your research and writing, although your work will be far more self-directed than it would in a fellowship.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Trying the Interdisciplinary Approach\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get exceptional grades in law school.\", \"描述\": \"Regardless of your approach to becoming a law professor, a strong academic record is important. At a minimum, you should rank in the top 25-30% of your class. The highest possible rank is always the best.\\nYour class rank and grades will be more important to the law schools when you apply as a law professor than they will be when you apply for your graduate degree. Faculty and admissions staff in other disciplines will likely be unfamiliar with the law school grading process.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work on a law journal to show your interest in legal scholarship.\", \"描述\": \"Particularly if you're getting a degree in another discipline, law schools might question if you're more committed to that discipline than you are to law. Law schools tend to hire professors who are passionate about legal study and scholarship. Your work on a law journal in law school helps you establish and demonstrate that interest.\\nYou might consider a position at a journal related to your other degree, if your law school has such a journal. For example, if you're planning to get a Ph.D. in economics, you might serve on the editorial board of a law and economics journal.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practice law for 2 to 5 years before going back to school.\", \"描述\": \"Generally, it's a good idea to get some legal practice in before you get your graduate degree in a related discipline, as opposed to going straight to school. It will be easier to find a job at a law firm while you're in law school and can take advantage of your school's career resources.\\nWhen potential employers ask you about your career goals, you shouldn't lie. However, it's probably best to downplay the fact that you're planning on going back to school to get a degree in another discipline in a couple of years.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pursue a graduate degree in an academic area related to law.\", \"描述\": \"To take an interdisciplinary approach toward becoming a law professor, you need a Ph.D. in a discipline that frequently intersects legal study. The specific degree might also dictate the types of law school courses you would be qualified to teach.\\nFor example, many jurisprudence or legal philosophy professors also have a Ph.D. in philosophy. Economics is another discipline that frequently intersects with legal study.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Continue to publish in law journals while getting your graduate degree.\", \"描述\": \"The danger in getting a degree in another discipline is that you will appear to have abandoned the law for several years. Although your focus will be on your degree programs, balance your study out with a couple of publications in law journals.\\nLook for interdisciplinary journals where you can write articles about areas where the two disciplines intersect or overlap. This will reinforce the idea that you're getting the other degree to supplement and enrich your law degree and contribute to your legal scholarship.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Keep in touch with your old law school professors.\", \"描述\": \"As you work towards your graduate degree, continually reach out to old law school professors and maintain relationships with them. When you enter the legal teaching market, you'll need recommendations from professors. Keeping these relationships active also demonstrates your commitment to legal scholarship.\\nFor example, you might start an email correspondence with a professor you admire. When legal issues or questions come up in your graduate study, you might write to them for advice.\\nIf you have an idea for an article for a law journal, write to a professor who has done research in that area and ask for advice or assistance. This will ensure that the professors you get recommendations from are familiar with the type of research you want to pursue as a professor.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Establishing Yourself as an Expert Practitioner\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get substantial practical experience after law school.\", \"描述\": \"If you're considering being a professor based on your practical experience, you want to become an expert at whatever legal niche you practice. Professors hired based on their experience typically are clinical professors, but some also teach academic classes in niche subjects, such as entertainment law.\\nThe type of law firm you practice at doesn't matter as much if you're following this path. You might even start your own firm, which can be especially helpful if you're practicing in an area of law that people regularly need, such as criminal law or family law.\\nKeep your practice focus as narrow as possible and tied to the type of law school classes you ultimately want to teach. For example, if you want to teach criminal law, you might work as a defense attorney.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Publish articles in practice journals and academic journals.\", \"描述\": \"Law schools typically look down on practice journals or trade magazines. However, if you're trying to become a law professor based on your experience, publication in practical journals helps bolster your reputation as an expert.\\nYou might also consider writing a book or chapter for a nonfiction book related to your area of legal expertise. If you get your name out there by publishing in journals a lot, these types of opportunities may come up.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make yourself available as a legal commentator to gain name recognition.\", \"描述\": \"Start with your local news station. Send over your résumé with a letter and explain what issues you're available to discuss as a commentator. In many places, good local legal commentators are in high demand, so it shouldn't take long before you're contacted.\\nIf you live in a larger city, it might be a little more difficult to get established as a legal commentator, even on local news stations. You might start with smaller towns nearby.\\nYou can also establish a name for yourself as a commentator by starting a blog or writing articles and submitting them to local news outlets.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Teach as an adjunct professor while practicing law.\", \"描述\": \"You can enhance your reputation as an expert as well as gain teaching experience by working as an adjunct professor. Adjuncts typically only teach one class a semester, usually in a niche area, such as entertainment or environmental law, that they also practice.\\nTeaching as an adjunct is typically easier if you have your own law firm because you can adjust your client intake to make time for the class.\\nWhile teaching even one class can take up significant time and resources, make sure you can keep up with your writing and publications at the same time. If you want to get hired in a full-time, tenure-track faculty position, publications are essential, regardless of which path you take to get there.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Make friends with law professors.\", \"描述\": \"Contact law professors who teach the same area of law that you practice (or an area that intersects with your practice). You might send a journal article you've written by way of introduction or offer to come and speak to their students about your practice.\\nFor example, if you practice music law, you might reach out to copyright or intellectual property law professors and ask if you could come to their class to discuss the different copyright and trademark aspects you encounter in your practice.\\nIf you want to become a law professor, not only practitioners but also professors must view you as an expert in your field. The recommendations from these law professors will make it much more likely for you to get a position on a law school faculty.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Before you put yourself on the market as a candidate, reach out to the law school you graduated from. Top law schools that produce law professors typically have resources available that can help you land the position of your dreams, including mock job talks and interviews.[30]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"The market for law professors is extremely competitive. Getting a full-time, tenure-track faculty position as a law professor can be more difficult than getting admitted to an Ivy League school, getting a job at a top law firm, or getting a clerkship in the Supreme Court.[31]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"This article discusses how to become a law professor in the US if you were educated in the US. If you live in another country, talk to a law professor about how you can get a similar job.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,476 |
How to Become a Lawyer in Canada
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1. Preparing for Admission to Law School
1-1. Complete Secondary School and graduate with your high school diploma.
In the process, you might be able to gain insight into legal careers by joining a debate club or mock trial team, if your school offers them.
1-2. Finish a four-year Bachelor’s degree.
Your major or concentration can be in any subject, as law schools do not require a particular set of undergraduate courses for admission. Thus, you can choose between a BA, BS, BBA, or other degree.
Choose a degree in a subject you like. Then, you are more likely to earn good grades, receive good preparation, and get to know professors who can write strong letters of recommendation for you when you apply to law school.
At the same time, choose courses that will challenge you to think critically, write well, and learn to do research—all skills that will serve you well in law school and afterwards.
Whatever degree you choose, good preparation includes courses in English, philosophy, history, government, economics, and sociology.
Work hard to earn high grades as an undergraduate. The average student admitted to law schools in Canada has an undergraduate GPA above 3.5 on a 4.0 scale, and at the most selective schools, the average GPA hovers around 3.9.
2. Applying to Law School
2-1. Take the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT).
The LSAT is held four times a year. There are five 35-minute sections of multiple-choice answers on the test, as well as a writing section. The test is designed to evaluate your reading, analytical, and logical skills.
The LSAT is scored on a scale of 120 to 180. The average student admitted to a law school in Canada has an LSAT score of 160 or above.
Scoring well on the test is important for admission to law school. You can take the LSAT several times in an effort to improve your score, but find out if the school(s) you are applying to look at the lowest score, highest score, or an average.
Many students take the LSAT the summer after their third year of a university degree program, or during the first term of their fourth year.
You can take an LSAT Prep course. Many prep courses have a fee, but you may be able to find a free course or a fee waiver
You can also do self-study exercises to prepare for the test. A free sample test and sample exercises are available from the Law School Admissions Council (LSAC), which administers the LSAT.
2-2. Decide where you want to study and practice law.
Quebec law is based on French Civil law, while law in the other provinces and territories is based on English common law. Practically speaking, you will need to train in the kind of law applicable to where you want to practice as a lawyer.
2-3. Assemble an excellent application dossier.
In addition to your GPA and LSAT score, law school admissions councils may consider your academic record and course selection, work experience, and volunteer efforts, and other elements.
Personal statements are typically required as part of law school applications. These are a chance to show off your writing skills, and to explain your personal, academic, and professional motivations.
Letters of recommendation are also required for many applications. Depending on the school you are applying to, these will consist of academic references from professors who know you, non-academic references, or a mix. Give your letter writers plenty of time to write a recommendation for you--let them know you need one months ahead of time, if you can. Not only is this courteous, it also gives them time to write the strongest letter they can to support you.
Each law school may weigh each aspect of your dossier differently. The LSAC provides information on how each school evaluates applicants. You can use this information to help you choose schools that seem like a good fit for you.
2-4. Apply to one or more of the 16 law schools in Canada.
Choose schools based on a variety of factors that depend on your needs, interests, and preparation.
In making your choice, consider things like: school size, location, and prestige, the cost of attendance, availability of financial aid, job placement statistics, the types of students that attend, and whether or not it includes courses in French.
In addition, you should compare the profile of admitted students at each school against your own application dossier (including LSAT score, undergraduate GPA, record of accomplishments, personal statements, and letters of recommendation) to decide which schools are most likely to admit you.
Some schools offer special programs that you may want to consider, including programs combining law and social work, law and business, and dual J.D. and Ph.D degrees.
Pay attention to application deadlines for law schools, which are usually in the fall of each year.
3. Earning your Legal Degree
3-1. Complete the three years of law school required to earn the standard legal degree, a J.D.
(juris doctor). You will begin with introductory courses in the first year, learning the basics of legal research and writing. In your second and third years, you will take more courses based on your interests and potential areas of specialization.
First-year courses are typically compulsory and cover subjects like contracts, criminal law, and legal writing.
First-year students are sometimes required to participate in "moot court," where you practice running a mock trial.
You may choose from specializations including environmental law, patent law, corporate law, and many others.
Courses in law often utilize the "case method," in which you are asked to understand the implications of judicial opinions drawn from a variety of perspectives. Your law professor will ask questions that probe students' ability think critically about legal situations, so you will need to be prepared to participate.
3-2. Develop strong study habits.
Even if you excelled as an undergraduate student, law school can feel very demanding. Developing strong study habits will help you stay on top of a grueling course load and competitive atmosphere.
Exams are very important in courses at law school. Often, grades in a course are determined solely on an exam given at the end of the semester.
Joining a study group can be a way to find support, although maintaining a group takes diligence.
3-3. Participate in curricular and extracurricular activities as well as volunteer experiences.
This will give you opportunities to network and gain experience, which is invaluable when it comes time to finding a job.
Seek out opportunities to participate in legal aid or interning to do legal research for private practices and government.
Writing for your school's law review can also provide tangible experience, bolster your professional credentials, and impress potential employers.
3-4. Apply for internships known as “articling” in the summer after your second year.
Articling, or working for a licensed and practicing law professional, will give you valuable legal experience. After receiving your J.D., you are required to article for a time in order to become certified to practice law.
4. Becoming Licensed and Finding a Job as a Lawyer
4-1. Pass the bar association course.
As difficult as it is to achieve, earning a legal degree is not enough to practice as a lawyer; you must also become licensed. The bar association of each province has a particular set of requirements for you to become certified to practice.
The bar examination itself is offered three times a year. It tests your knowledge in several practice areas. There are two parts: the Barrister examination tests your knowledge of public law, criminal procedure, family law, and civil litigation; the Solicitor examination tests your knowledge of real estate law, business law, wills, trust, and estate administration. Each part is about seven hours long.
4-2. Article for several months.
You may work for a private practice, or for public legal services. How long you are obligated to article for depends on the province, but it ranges from several months up to a year.
In Ontario, you may instead complete the Law Society of Upper Canada’s Law Practice Program (LPP), which consists of four months each of training and work placement.
4-3. Begin looking for work as a lawyer!
Your options include private practice, public service, government, business, and other sectors.
Jobs at prestigious law firms or government departments are highly sought after and can be hard to come by. Don't overlook openings with small firms and local governments. You can also look for relevant non-attorney work, such as a job as a legal clerk. Such positions can provide valuable experience and get your foot in the door with a potential employer, in case a position as an attorney opens up.
4-4. Hone your networking skills.
Networking, as in many fields, can be critical for finding a job as a lawyer.
Experience articling, volunteering, or interning is a great way to make contacts in the world of law, and can sometimes lead directly to a job.
If you feel like your network is too small, you can try informational interviews. Even if a firm isn't hiring, you can ask to meet with attorneys to find out about their practice, and develop contacts in the process. In general, think of every time you meet a legal professional as an opportunity to network.
Don't overlook the importance of your social media presence. Potential employers will notice how you are presented online. Make sure you display yourself professionally. Think of your online identity as an extension of your personal "brand" as a lawyer.
4-5. Be persistent.
The job search might take a while, and a lot of effort. Be confident while you are searching, and concentrate on developing your experience and expertise any way you can.
Tips
If you are training or registered as a lawyer in another country, it is possible for you to practice as a lawyer in Canada if you are certified by the National Committee on Accreditation (NCA) of the Federation of Law Societies of Canada[19]
X
Research source
Even if you don’t become a lawyer, a legal degree can still be very valuable. It provides you with critical thinking and communication skills that can be valuable in a variety of fields and professions—politics, business, teaching, and more.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:06",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing for Admission to Law School\\n1-1. Complete Secondary School and graduate with your high school diploma.\\nIn the process, you might be able to gain insight into legal careers by joining a debate club or mock trial team, if your school offers them.\\n1-2. Finish a four-year Bachelor’s degree.\\nYour major or concentration can be in any subject, as law schools do not require a particular set of undergraduate courses for admission. Thus, you can choose between a BA, BS, BBA, or other degree.\\nChoose a degree in a subject you like. Then, you are more likely to earn good grades, receive good preparation, and get to know professors who can write strong letters of recommendation for you when you apply to law school.\\nAt the same time, choose courses that will challenge you to think critically, write well, and learn to do research—all skills that will serve you well in law school and afterwards.\\nWhatever degree you choose, good preparation includes courses in English, philosophy, history, government, economics, and sociology.\\nWork hard to earn high grades as an undergraduate. The average student admitted to law schools in Canada has an undergraduate GPA above 3.5 on a 4.0 scale, and at the most selective schools, the average GPA hovers around 3.9.\\n2. Applying to Law School\\n2-1. Take the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT).\\nThe LSAT is held four times a year. There are five 35-minute sections of multiple-choice answers on the test, as well as a writing section. The test is designed to evaluate your reading, analytical, and logical skills.\\nThe LSAT is scored on a scale of 120 to 180. The average student admitted to a law school in Canada has an LSAT score of 160 or above.\\nScoring well on the test is important for admission to law school. You can take the LSAT several times in an effort to improve your score, but find out if the school(s) you are applying to look at the lowest score, highest score, or an average.\\nMany students take the LSAT the summer after their third year of a university degree program, or during the first term of their fourth year.\\nYou can take an LSAT Prep course. Many prep courses have a fee, but you may be able to find a free course or a fee waiver \\nYou can also do self-study exercises to prepare for the test. A free sample test and sample exercises are available from the Law School Admissions Council (LSAC), which administers the LSAT.\\n2-2. Decide where you want to study and practice law.\\nQuebec law is based on French Civil law, while law in the other provinces and territories is based on English common law. Practically speaking, you will need to train in the kind of law applicable to where you want to practice as a lawyer.\\n2-3. Assemble an excellent application dossier.\\nIn addition to your GPA and LSAT score, law school admissions councils may consider your academic record and course selection, work experience, and volunteer efforts, and other elements.\\nPersonal statements are typically required as part of law school applications. These are a chance to show off your writing skills, and to explain your personal, academic, and professional motivations.\\nLetters of recommendation are also required for many applications. Depending on the school you are applying to, these will consist of academic references from professors who know you, non-academic references, or a mix. Give your letter writers plenty of time to write a recommendation for you--let them know you need one months ahead of time, if you can. Not only is this courteous, it also gives them time to write the strongest letter they can to support you.\\nEach law school may weigh each aspect of your dossier differently. The LSAC provides information on how each school evaluates applicants. You can use this information to help you choose schools that seem like a good fit for you.\\n2-4. Apply to one or more of the 16 law schools in Canada.\\nChoose schools based on a variety of factors that depend on your needs, interests, and preparation.\\nIn making your choice, consider things like: school size, location, and prestige, the cost of attendance, availability of financial aid, job placement statistics, the types of students that attend, and whether or not it includes courses in French.\\nIn addition, you should compare the profile of admitted students at each school against your own application dossier (including LSAT score, undergraduate GPA, record of accomplishments, personal statements, and letters of recommendation) to decide which schools are most likely to admit you. \\nSome schools offer special programs that you may want to consider, including programs combining law and social work, law and business, and dual J.D. and Ph.D degrees.\\nPay attention to application deadlines for law schools, which are usually in the fall of each year.\\n3. Earning your Legal Degree\\n3-1. Complete the three years of law school required to earn the standard legal degree, a J.D.\\n(juris doctor). You will begin with introductory courses in the first year, learning the basics of legal research and writing. In your second and third years, you will take more courses based on your interests and potential areas of specialization.\\nFirst-year courses are typically compulsory and cover subjects like contracts, criminal law, and legal writing.\\nFirst-year students are sometimes required to participate in \\\"moot court,\\\" where you practice running a mock trial.\\nYou may choose from specializations including environmental law, patent law, corporate law, and many others.\\nCourses in law often utilize the \\\"case method,\\\" in which you are asked to understand the implications of judicial opinions drawn from a variety of perspectives. Your law professor will ask questions that probe students' ability think critically about legal situations, so you will need to be prepared to participate.\\n3-2. Develop strong study habits.\\nEven if you excelled as an undergraduate student, law school can feel very demanding. Developing strong study habits will help you stay on top of a grueling course load and competitive atmosphere.\\nExams are very important in courses at law school. Often, grades in a course are determined solely on an exam given at the end of the semester.\\nJoining a study group can be a way to find support, although maintaining a group takes diligence.\\n3-3. Participate in curricular and extracurricular activities as well as volunteer experiences.\\nThis will give you opportunities to network and gain experience, which is invaluable when it comes time to finding a job.\\nSeek out opportunities to participate in legal aid or interning to do legal research for private practices and government.\\nWriting for your school's law review can also provide tangible experience, bolster your professional credentials, and impress potential employers.\\n3-4. Apply for internships known as “articling” in the summer after your second year.\\nArticling, or working for a licensed and practicing law professional, will give you valuable legal experience. After receiving your J.D., you are required to article for a time in order to become certified to practice law.\\n4. Becoming Licensed and Finding a Job as a Lawyer\\n4-1. Pass the bar association course.\\nAs difficult as it is to achieve, earning a legal degree is not enough to practice as a lawyer; you must also become licensed. The bar association of each province has a particular set of requirements for you to become certified to practice. \\nThe bar examination itself is offered three times a year. It tests your knowledge in several practice areas. There are two parts: the Barrister examination tests your knowledge of public law, criminal procedure, family law, and civil litigation; the Solicitor examination tests your knowledge of real estate law, business law, wills, trust, and estate administration. Each part is about seven hours long.\\n4-2. Article for several months.\\nYou may work for a private practice, or for public legal services. How long you are obligated to article for depends on the province, but it ranges from several months up to a year.\\nIn Ontario, you may instead complete the Law Society of Upper Canada’s Law Practice Program (LPP), which consists of four months each of training and work placement.\\n4-3. Begin looking for work as a lawyer!\\nYour options include private practice, public service, government, business, and other sectors.\\nJobs at prestigious law firms or government departments are highly sought after and can be hard to come by. Don't overlook openings with small firms and local governments. You can also look for relevant non-attorney work, such as a job as a legal clerk. Such positions can provide valuable experience and get your foot in the door with a potential employer, in case a position as an attorney opens up.\\n4-4. Hone your networking skills.\\nNetworking, as in many fields, can be critical for finding a job as a lawyer.\\nExperience articling, volunteering, or interning is a great way to make contacts in the world of law, and can sometimes lead directly to a job.\\nIf you feel like your network is too small, you can try informational interviews. Even if a firm isn't hiring, you can ask to meet with attorneys to find out about their practice, and develop contacts in the process. In general, think of every time you meet a legal professional as an opportunity to network.\\nDon't overlook the importance of your social media presence. Potential employers will notice how you are presented online. Make sure you display yourself professionally. Think of your online identity as an extension of your personal \\\"brand\\\" as a lawyer.\\n4-5. Be persistent.\\nThe job search might take a while, and a lot of effort. Be confident while you are searching, and concentrate on developing your experience and expertise any way you can.\\nTips\\nIf you are training or registered as a lawyer in another country, it is possible for you to practice as a lawyer in Canada if you are certified by the National Committee on Accreditation (NCA) of the Federation of Law Societies of Canada[19]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nEven if you don’t become a lawyer, a legal degree can still be very valuable. It provides you with critical thinking and communication skills that can be valuable in a variety of fields and professions—politics, business, teaching, and more.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a lawyer is a long process, with many steps along the way. It will take hard work and lots of determination. The possibility of a respected, well-paying career with the opportunity to make an impact in the world is a great motivator for all the effort, however.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing for Admission to Law School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete Secondary School and graduate with your high school diploma.\", \"描述\": \"In the process, you might be able to gain insight into legal careers by joining a debate club or mock trial team, if your school offers them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Finish a four-year Bachelor’s degree.\", \"描述\": \"Your major or concentration can be in any subject, as law schools do not require a particular set of undergraduate courses for admission. Thus, you can choose between a BA, BS, BBA, or other degree.\\nChoose a degree in a subject you like. Then, you are more likely to earn good grades, receive good preparation, and get to know professors who can write strong letters of recommendation for you when you apply to law school.\\nAt the same time, choose courses that will challenge you to think critically, write well, and learn to do research—all skills that will serve you well in law school and afterwards.\\nWhatever degree you choose, good preparation includes courses in English, philosophy, history, government, economics, and sociology.\\nWork hard to earn high grades as an undergraduate. The average student admitted to law schools in Canada has an undergraduate GPA above 3.5 on a 4.0 scale, and at the most selective schools, the average GPA hovers around 3.9.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Applying to Law School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT).\", \"描述\": \"The LSAT is held four times a year. There are five 35-minute sections of multiple-choice answers on the test, as well as a writing section. The test is designed to evaluate your reading, analytical, and logical skills.\\nThe LSAT is scored on a scale of 120 to 180. The average student admitted to a law school in Canada has an LSAT score of 160 or above.\\nScoring well on the test is important for admission to law school. You can take the LSAT several times in an effort to improve your score, but find out if the school(s) you are applying to look at the lowest score, highest score, or an average.\\nMany students take the LSAT the summer after their third year of a university degree program, or during the first term of their fourth year.\\nYou can take an LSAT Prep course. Many prep courses have a fee, but you may be able to find a free course or a fee waiver \\nYou can also do self-study exercises to prepare for the test. A free sample test and sample exercises are available from the Law School Admissions Council (LSAC), which administers the LSAT.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide where you want to study and practice law.\", \"描述\": \"Quebec law is based on French Civil law, while law in the other provinces and territories is based on English common law. Practically speaking, you will need to train in the kind of law applicable to where you want to practice as a lawyer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Assemble an excellent application dossier.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to your GPA and LSAT score, law school admissions councils may consider your academic record and course selection, work experience, and volunteer efforts, and other elements.\\nPersonal statements are typically required as part of law school applications. These are a chance to show off your writing skills, and to explain your personal, academic, and professional motivations.\\nLetters of recommendation are also required for many applications. Depending on the school you are applying to, these will consist of academic references from professors who know you, non-academic references, or a mix. Give your letter writers plenty of time to write a recommendation for you--let them know you need one months ahead of time, if you can. Not only is this courteous, it also gives them time to write the strongest letter they can to support you.\\nEach law school may weigh each aspect of your dossier differently. The LSAC provides information on how each school evaluates applicants. You can use this information to help you choose schools that seem like a good fit for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply to one or more of the 16 law schools in Canada.\", \"描述\": \"Choose schools based on a variety of factors that depend on your needs, interests, and preparation.\\nIn making your choice, consider things like: school size, location, and prestige, the cost of attendance, availability of financial aid, job placement statistics, the types of students that attend, and whether or not it includes courses in French.\\nIn addition, you should compare the profile of admitted students at each school against your own application dossier (including LSAT score, undergraduate GPA, record of accomplishments, personal statements, and letters of recommendation) to decide which schools are most likely to admit you. \\nSome schools offer special programs that you may want to consider, including programs combining law and social work, law and business, and dual J.D. and Ph.D degrees.\\nPay attention to application deadlines for law schools, which are usually in the fall of each year.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Earning your Legal Degree\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete the three years of law school required to earn the standard legal degree, a J.D.\", \"描述\": \"(juris doctor). You will begin with introductory courses in the first year, learning the basics of legal research and writing. In your second and third years, you will take more courses based on your interests and potential areas of specialization.\\nFirst-year courses are typically compulsory and cover subjects like contracts, criminal law, and legal writing.\\nFirst-year students are sometimes required to participate in \\\"moot court,\\\" where you practice running a mock trial.\\nYou may choose from specializations including environmental law, patent law, corporate law, and many others.\\nCourses in law often utilize the \\\"case method,\\\" in which you are asked to understand the implications of judicial opinions drawn from a variety of perspectives. Your law professor will ask questions that probe students' ability think critically about legal situations, so you will need to be prepared to participate.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Develop strong study habits.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you excelled as an undergraduate student, law school can feel very demanding. Developing strong study habits will help you stay on top of a grueling course load and competitive atmosphere.\\nExams are very important in courses at law school. Often, grades in a course are determined solely on an exam given at the end of the semester.\\nJoining a study group can be a way to find support, although maintaining a group takes diligence.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Participate in curricular and extracurricular activities as well as volunteer experiences.\", \"描述\": \"This will give you opportunities to network and gain experience, which is invaluable when it comes time to finding a job.\\nSeek out opportunities to participate in legal aid or interning to do legal research for private practices and government.\\nWriting for your school's law review can also provide tangible experience, bolster your professional credentials, and impress potential employers.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for internships known as “articling” in the summer after your second year.\", \"描述\": \"Articling, or working for a licensed and practicing law professional, will give you valuable legal experience. After receiving your J.D., you are required to article for a time in order to become certified to practice law.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Becoming Licensed and Finding a Job as a Lawyer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pass the bar association course.\", \"描述\": \"As difficult as it is to achieve, earning a legal degree is not enough to practice as a lawyer; you must also become licensed. The bar association of each province has a particular set of requirements for you to become certified to practice. \\nThe bar examination itself is offered three times a year. It tests your knowledge in several practice areas. There are two parts: the Barrister examination tests your knowledge of public law, criminal procedure, family law, and civil litigation; the Solicitor examination tests your knowledge of real estate law, business law, wills, trust, and estate administration. Each part is about seven hours long.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Article for several months.\", \"描述\": \"You may work for a private practice, or for public legal services. How long you are obligated to article for depends on the province, but it ranges from several months up to a year.\\nIn Ontario, you may instead complete the Law Society of Upper Canada’s Law Practice Program (LPP), which consists of four months each of training and work placement.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Begin looking for work as a lawyer!\", \"描述\": \"Your options include private practice, public service, government, business, and other sectors.\\nJobs at prestigious law firms or government departments are highly sought after and can be hard to come by. Don't overlook openings with small firms and local governments. You can also look for relevant non-attorney work, such as a job as a legal clerk. Such positions can provide valuable experience and get your foot in the door with a potential employer, in case a position as an attorney opens up.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Hone your networking skills.\", \"描述\": \"Networking, as in many fields, can be critical for finding a job as a lawyer.\\nExperience articling, volunteering, or interning is a great way to make contacts in the world of law, and can sometimes lead directly to a job.\\nIf you feel like your network is too small, you can try informational interviews. Even if a firm isn't hiring, you can ask to meet with attorneys to find out about their practice, and develop contacts in the process. In general, think of every time you meet a legal professional as an opportunity to network.\\nDon't overlook the importance of your social media presence. Potential employers will notice how you are presented online. Make sure you display yourself professionally. Think of your online identity as an extension of your personal \\\"brand\\\" as a lawyer.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be persistent.\", \"描述\": \"The job search might take a while, and a lot of effort. Be confident while you are searching, and concentrate on developing your experience and expertise any way you can.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you are training or registered as a lawyer in another country, it is possible for you to practice as a lawyer in Canada if you are certified by the National Committee on Accreditation (NCA) of the Federation of Law Societies of Canada[19]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Even if you don’t become a lawyer, a legal degree can still be very valuable. It provides you with critical thinking and communication skills that can be valuable in a variety of fields and professions—politics, business, teaching, and more.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,477 |
How to Become a Lawyer in the United States
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1. Education
1-1. Develop your interest in law in high school.
You don't have to wait until law school to start gaining skills and experience that will help you in the practice of law. Join your high school's debate or moot court team, and participate in other activities relevant to the legal field.
It doesn't hurt to take Latin if your school offers it. Many legal terms are in Latin, so knowing the language will give you a heads up and keep you from having to memorize a bunch of foreign terms.
Take classes such as criminal justice for electives, if offered. These classes will give you an introduction to the legal issues faced by attorneys every day.
1-2. Get a bachelor's degree from a four-year college or university.
A bachelor's degree (or an equivalent degree) is a prerequisite for admission to law school. While majors in English, Philosophy, Economics, Business, Psychology, Criminal Justice, and Political Science provide a good foundation for law school, the American Bar Association (ABA) does not endorse any particular major. It's essential to choose a major that interests you the most. The only exception is if you want to practice patent law. In that case, you must major in a scientific or technical field to be eligible to take the patent bar examination.
If you want to practice criminal law, you should look into getting a degree in criminology or criminal justice.
If you wanted to work in insurance or healthcare law, a nursing degree is recommended.
A business or accounting degree is very helpful for corporate and real estate law.
Try to keep your GPA as high as possible to improve your chances of getting into a good law school and potentially qualify you for scholarship money.
Avoid too many withdrawals on your transcript. Although law school admissions do not care if you withdrew once or twice, many withdrawals may leave the admission officer suspicious and question your dedication to your academics.
1-3. Work part-time at a court or law firm.
While in high school and college, if you can find work at a law firm or a local courthouse, these will give you exposure to legal issues and help prepare you for practicing law. If you know what area of law you want to go into, try to find work in that area.
Don't worry if you're not sure what area of law you want to practice in yet. You have plenty of time to decide, and many people don't make their final decision until they're already in law school. Use this time to explore areas that capture your interest.
It is a good idea to work at a law firm as a file clerk or receptionist so you can see the behind-the-scenes work of what lawyers actually do to help make a more informed decision if lawyering is for you. It is generally advised you do not work as a paralegal because it is a separate career that can be heavy in terms of the workload and hours.
1-4. Take the LSAT during your senior year of undergraduate study.
The Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) is a half-day standardized test. All law schools accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA) have this test as an admissions requirement. The test is offered in June, October, and December. Take it as early as possible.
The LSAT is a measure of your reading comprehension and verbal reasoning skills. You can pick up study guides online or in bookstores. There are also prep classes available that you can attend.
Start studying for the test as soon as possible. Do at least 3 practice tests under simulated test conditions before you sit for the actual test.
If you receive testing accommodations for a disability, you may request accommodations for the LSAT through the Law School Admissions Council website.
1-5. Apply to several accredited law schools.
After you've got your LSAT scores, you can sign up with the Law School Admissions Council (LSAC). This agency coordinates your test scores, applications, and recommendation letters and distributes them to schools on your behalf. You cannot apply to law schools unless you go through this agency.
Apply to at least one "reach" school. This is a school with a low acceptance rate, or one for which your test scores and GPA fall at the low end of acceptances.
Choose 2 or 3 schools where your test scores, GPA, and other credentials are competitive. You should fit comfortably in the middle of the range of students accepted by that school.
Add on 1 or 2 "safe" schools. These are schools where your credentials are at the top end of the range of students accepted by that school, if not above the average range.
1-6. Dedicate yourself to success in law school.
Once you choose your law school, be ready to focus and work hard for all 3 years. Join clubs and groups that are related to your legal interests to study law properly.
Do the readings for each class, and try to give yourself time to review before each class. Most law school professors teach by Socratic method, where they randomly call on students and ask questions about the assigned reading. It's important to be prepared.
Take notes and prepare an outline for each of your classes. This will help you study for the final exam. Most law school classes have only one final exam at the end of the semester. Your performance on this exam determines your grade for the entire course.
Joining a study group can help you make better sense of the readings and understand the major themes for each class.
1-7. Graduate from law school with a relatively high rank.
Law firms pay attention to class ranks. The higher your ranking in your law school class, the more likely you'll secure a high-paying position at a large law firm.
If you want to clerk for a federal judge, you generally want to be in at least the top quarter of your class.
Large law firms typically recruit from the top 30 percent of classes at higher ranked law schools. The lower your law school is ranked, the higher your rank should be in your class to compensate.
2. State Bar
2-1. Decide where you want to practice law.
Each state has its own bar admissions process. Choose the state where you want to practice law as soon as possible during your law school career so that you can start preparing for that state's bar.
It's usually best to practice in the state where you go to law school. Your law school will be well known and there will be plenty of alumni hiring. In addition, law schools typically discuss the law in their state, but seldom the law of other states.
If you want to practice law in another state, it will be up to you to learn the law for that state.
2-2. Start filling out your bar application as soon as possible.
The bar application is a hefty, detailed document. In most states, the initial application is 15 or 20 pages long and covers specific details over the last 10 years of your life. It may take you some time to complete it.
When you get your bar application, skim through it first. Determine which questions will take you longer to answer. Identify questions you'll have to hunt down information for.
Your bar application must be approved before you will be able to sign up for the bar exam. Get started on it as soon as possible.
2-3. Sit for the MPRE in your third year of law school.
Only Maryland, Washington, and Wisconsin don't require the MPRE. If you plan to practice in Connecticut or New Jersey, you don't have to take the test if you earned a grade of C or better in an ethics course in law school.
2-4. Enroll in a bar study program.
It's possible to pass the bar without taking any preparation programs or courses. However, bar passage rates are significantly higher among students who take prep courses. The cost of a bar study program pales in comparison to the stress and financial burden of having to take the bar exam twice.
Bar study programs typically cost several hundred dollars. They primarily get you ready for the multi-state bar exam (MBE), the multiple-choice portion of the bar exam. However, they also have practice essays to get you ready for the state portion of the exam.
Bar study programs offer tests in simulated test conditions, which makes them the most valuable. The bar exam is a grueling, stressful experience. The more practice you have working under those circumstances, the calmer you'll be.
2-5. Spend the summer after you graduate studying for the bar.
You may have a hard time passing the bar if you just take a single bar study course and do nothing else. Create a study schedule for yourself and spend time each day studying for the bar. Take a practice test under simulated test conditions at least once a week.
If you've accepted an offer from a large law firm, your firm likely has a bar study course and other resources available to you. Take advantage of them.
Specific information about the topics covered by your state's bar exam can be found on the website of your state's board of bar examiners.
2-6. Complete an interview with a member of the local bar.
Most states require you to sit down with a member of the local bar, who will ask you questions about your legal interests and why you want to practice law. While this may feel like a job interview, they typically aren't looking to hire you. Rather, they're trying to determine if you have the discipline and character necessary to serve as a member of the bar.
You may also be asked questions about information from your bar application, including your educational background and experience.
2-7. Take the bar in the jurisdiction where you intend to practice law.
If you're approved for admission to the state bar, you've got one additional hurdle. The bar exam is an 18-day multiple choice and essay test that typically takes place over 2 or 3 days.
Unless you live extremely close to the bar exam testing site, it's a good idea to get a hotel room nearby for the duration of the test. This will allow you to focus and not have to worry about making long drives or arranging a ride.
If you hold a law degree from (or practiced law) in another country other than Canada, you must refer to your state's bar exam eligibility to see if you qualify.
2-8. Wait to find out your bar exam results.
After you take the bar exam, you'll have to wait several months to find out if you passed. In the meantime, you can start looking for a job (if you don't have one already). While you can't represent clients as an attorney until you've passed the bar and completed your state's licensing process, you can draft legal documents and do a lot of other legal work.
The test results are typically posted online on a specific day, so you can find out if you passed immediately. Your final score on the bar exam typically isn't made available.
If you find out you didn't pass you can take the test again. You can take the bar exam as many times as you need to, although taking it more than 2 or 3 times would be quite a setback for your legal career.
2-9. Take your oath in court.
Assuming you passed the bar exam, you will appear in court to be sworn in as a member of the bar. The swearing-in ceremony typically includes everyone else who passed the bar in your area, and you all take the oath at once.
The oath is a ceremony to which you typically can invite family and friends. Afterward, there's usually a reception. Local attorneys come to the reception to meet the newest members of the bar, which can provide you with valuable networking opportunities.
3. Work Experience
3-1. Perform well in a summer associate program.
If you were fortunate enough to get hired as a summer associate at a large law firm, use that position to your advantage. Large law firms typically hire the top performers from their summer associate programs as permanent associates.
Don't be afraid of asking your supervising associate what else you can do to stand out or set yourself apart from the other summer associates.
3-2. Reach out to law professors for recommendations.
Talk to professors who teach classes you've had a particular interest in, or that you did well in. If the professor offers more than one course, take all of them. Go to office hours, and get to know them as much as you can.
In addition to writing reference letters, law professors frequently know practicing attorneys in the area. They may be able to provide you with a connection or introduce you to attorneys in a field you're interested in.
3-3. Use your law school's career services office.
Every law school has a career services office with resources to help you find a job as an attorney. These services are available not just to students but to graduates and alumni as well.
It is in the law school's best interest to have high rates of employment among graduates. The career services office is going to do everything it can to help you find a position and ensure that you succeed.
3-4. Take advantage of networking opportunities.
Finding a good position as a lawyer is less about what you know than about who you know. Go to state bar association mixers and other events to meet practicing lawyers who can help you find your place.
Always act professionally at mixers or other events where members of the bar are present. Talk to as many people as you can and get your name out there.
If alcohol is available at an event, limit yourself to one drink. Getting drunk or even getting "buzzed" won't impress practicing attorneys – even if they are imbibing themselves.
3-5. Go to informational interviews.
Informational interviews don't necessarily lead directly to a job. Rather, they are a way for you to bend the ear of a practicing attorney and learn more about the local bar and the market for attorneys where you live and want to work.
Some informational interviews can lead you to find a mentor, but don't push it. When you meet someone who can mentor you in the profession, you'll feel it.
3-6. Mail your résumé to prospective firms.
Unless you have a job offer when you graduate, you'll likely have to "cold call" firms looking for employment. Most of these are done through email. However, if you take the extra step of mailing a paper résumé and cover letter, you'll likely get a better response. Few people go to this extra effort, and it will mean something to the hiring attorneys.
Buy heavier bond paper and put some effort into making your résumé and cover letter look professional.
Keep in mind that hiring attorneys typically are older. They may appreciate getting a paper résumé since this is a medium they're familiar with.
Tips
Don't go too deeply into debt to finance your law school education. Tuition at an in-state public school will typically be a lot less than out-of-state or private school tuition, and you will get an equally strong education.
Warnings
Do your best to stay out of trouble. All states perform criminal background checks, and a criminal history may keep you from practicing.
Many movies and shows that depict what happens in the courtroom or trial do not actually happen in real life. Most lawyers do not go to court. Instead, they help their clients try and reach an agreement with the opposing party. If the opposing party is not willing to settle on an agreement or violates an agreement, then the lawyer will take the matter to court.
Attend a law school that is accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA). Many law schools that do not require the LSAT are not ABA-accredited, and most employers will not want to hire a student who went to an unaccredited law school.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:06",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Education\\n1-1. Develop your interest in law in high school.\\nYou don't have to wait until law school to start gaining skills and experience that will help you in the practice of law. Join your high school's debate or moot court team, and participate in other activities relevant to the legal field.\\nIt doesn't hurt to take Latin if your school offers it. Many legal terms are in Latin, so knowing the language will give you a heads up and keep you from having to memorize a bunch of foreign terms.\\nTake classes such as criminal justice for electives, if offered. These classes will give you an introduction to the legal issues faced by attorneys every day.\\n1-2. Get a bachelor's degree from a four-year college or university.\\nA bachelor's degree (or an equivalent degree) is a prerequisite for admission to law school. While majors in English, Philosophy, Economics, Business, Psychology, Criminal Justice, and Political Science provide a good foundation for law school, the American Bar Association (ABA) does not endorse any particular major. It's essential to choose a major that interests you the most. The only exception is if you want to practice patent law. In that case, you must major in a scientific or technical field to be eligible to take the patent bar examination.\\nIf you want to practice criminal law, you should look into getting a degree in criminology or criminal justice.\\nIf you wanted to work in insurance or healthcare law, a nursing degree is recommended.\\nA business or accounting degree is very helpful for corporate and real estate law.\\nTry to keep your GPA as high as possible to improve your chances of getting into a good law school and potentially qualify you for scholarship money.\\nAvoid too many withdrawals on your transcript. Although law school admissions do not care if you withdrew once or twice, many withdrawals may leave the admission officer suspicious and question your dedication to your academics.\\n1-3. Work part-time at a court or law firm.\\nWhile in high school and college, if you can find work at a law firm or a local courthouse, these will give you exposure to legal issues and help prepare you for practicing law. If you know what area of law you want to go into, try to find work in that area.\\nDon't worry if you're not sure what area of law you want to practice in yet. You have plenty of time to decide, and many people don't make their final decision until they're already in law school. Use this time to explore areas that capture your interest.\\nIt is a good idea to work at a law firm as a file clerk or receptionist so you can see the behind-the-scenes work of what lawyers actually do to help make a more informed decision if lawyering is for you. It is generally advised you do not work as a paralegal because it is a separate career that can be heavy in terms of the workload and hours.\\n1-4. Take the LSAT during your senior year of undergraduate study.\\nThe Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) is a half-day standardized test. All law schools accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA) have this test as an admissions requirement. The test is offered in June, October, and December. Take it as early as possible.\\nThe LSAT is a measure of your reading comprehension and verbal reasoning skills. You can pick up study guides online or in bookstores. There are also prep classes available that you can attend.\\nStart studying for the test as soon as possible. Do at least 3 practice tests under simulated test conditions before you sit for the actual test.\\nIf you receive testing accommodations for a disability, you may request accommodations for the LSAT through the Law School Admissions Council website.\\n1-5. Apply to several accredited law schools.\\nAfter you've got your LSAT scores, you can sign up with the Law School Admissions Council (LSAC). This agency coordinates your test scores, applications, and recommendation letters and distributes them to schools on your behalf. You cannot apply to law schools unless you go through this agency.\\nApply to at least one \\\"reach\\\" school. This is a school with a low acceptance rate, or one for which your test scores and GPA fall at the low end of acceptances.\\nChoose 2 or 3 schools where your test scores, GPA, and other credentials are competitive. You should fit comfortably in the middle of the range of students accepted by that school.\\nAdd on 1 or 2 \\\"safe\\\" schools. These are schools where your credentials are at the top end of the range of students accepted by that school, if not above the average range.\\n1-6. Dedicate yourself to success in law school.\\nOnce you choose your law school, be ready to focus and work hard for all 3 years. Join clubs and groups that are related to your legal interests to study law properly.\\nDo the readings for each class, and try to give yourself time to review before each class. Most law school professors teach by Socratic method, where they randomly call on students and ask questions about the assigned reading. It's important to be prepared.\\nTake notes and prepare an outline for each of your classes. This will help you study for the final exam. Most law school classes have only one final exam at the end of the semester. Your performance on this exam determines your grade for the entire course.\\nJoining a study group can help you make better sense of the readings and understand the major themes for each class.\\n1-7. Graduate from law school with a relatively high rank.\\nLaw firms pay attention to class ranks. The higher your ranking in your law school class, the more likely you'll secure a high-paying position at a large law firm.\\nIf you want to clerk for a federal judge, you generally want to be in at least the top quarter of your class.\\nLarge law firms typically recruit from the top 30 percent of classes at higher ranked law schools. The lower your law school is ranked, the higher your rank should be in your class to compensate.\\n2. State Bar\\n2-1. Decide where you want to practice law.\\nEach state has its own bar admissions process. Choose the state where you want to practice law as soon as possible during your law school career so that you can start preparing for that state's bar.\\nIt's usually best to practice in the state where you go to law school. Your law school will be well known and there will be plenty of alumni hiring. In addition, law schools typically discuss the law in their state, but seldom the law of other states.\\nIf you want to practice law in another state, it will be up to you to learn the law for that state.\\n2-2. Start filling out your bar application as soon as possible.\\nThe bar application is a hefty, detailed document. In most states, the initial application is 15 or 20 pages long and covers specific details over the last 10 years of your life. It may take you some time to complete it.\\nWhen you get your bar application, skim through it first. Determine which questions will take you longer to answer. Identify questions you'll have to hunt down information for.\\nYour bar application must be approved before you will be able to sign up for the bar exam. Get started on it as soon as possible.\\n2-3. Sit for the MPRE in your third year of law school.\\nOnly Maryland, Washington, and Wisconsin don't require the MPRE. If you plan to practice in Connecticut or New Jersey, you don't have to take the test if you earned a grade of C or better in an ethics course in law school.\\n2-4. Enroll in a bar study program.\\nIt's possible to pass the bar without taking any preparation programs or courses. However, bar passage rates are significantly higher among students who take prep courses. The cost of a bar study program pales in comparison to the stress and financial burden of having to take the bar exam twice.\\nBar study programs typically cost several hundred dollars. They primarily get you ready for the multi-state bar exam (MBE), the multiple-choice portion of the bar exam. However, they also have practice essays to get you ready for the state portion of the exam.\\nBar study programs offer tests in simulated test conditions, which makes them the most valuable. The bar exam is a grueling, stressful experience. The more practice you have working under those circumstances, the calmer you'll be.\\n2-5. Spend the summer after you graduate studying for the bar.\\nYou may have a hard time passing the bar if you just take a single bar study course and do nothing else. Create a study schedule for yourself and spend time each day studying for the bar. Take a practice test under simulated test conditions at least once a week.\\nIf you've accepted an offer from a large law firm, your firm likely has a bar study course and other resources available to you. Take advantage of them.\\nSpecific information about the topics covered by your state's bar exam can be found on the website of your state's board of bar examiners.\\n2-6. Complete an interview with a member of the local bar.\\nMost states require you to sit down with a member of the local bar, who will ask you questions about your legal interests and why you want to practice law. While this may feel like a job interview, they typically aren't looking to hire you. Rather, they're trying to determine if you have the discipline and character necessary to serve as a member of the bar.\\nYou may also be asked questions about information from your bar application, including your educational background and experience.\\n2-7. Take the bar in the jurisdiction where you intend to practice law.\\nIf you're approved for admission to the state bar, you've got one additional hurdle. The bar exam is an 18-day multiple choice and essay test that typically takes place over 2 or 3 days.\\nUnless you live extremely close to the bar exam testing site, it's a good idea to get a hotel room nearby for the duration of the test. This will allow you to focus and not have to worry about making long drives or arranging a ride.\\nIf you hold a law degree from (or practiced law) in another country other than Canada, you must refer to your state's bar exam eligibility to see if you qualify.\\n2-8. Wait to find out your bar exam results.\\nAfter you take the bar exam, you'll have to wait several months to find out if you passed. In the meantime, you can start looking for a job (if you don't have one already). While you can't represent clients as an attorney until you've passed the bar and completed your state's licensing process, you can draft legal documents and do a lot of other legal work.\\nThe test results are typically posted online on a specific day, so you can find out if you passed immediately. Your final score on the bar exam typically isn't made available.\\nIf you find out you didn't pass you can take the test again. You can take the bar exam as many times as you need to, although taking it more than 2 or 3 times would be quite a setback for your legal career.\\n2-9. Take your oath in court.\\nAssuming you passed the bar exam, you will appear in court to be sworn in as a member of the bar. The swearing-in ceremony typically includes everyone else who passed the bar in your area, and you all take the oath at once.\\nThe oath is a ceremony to which you typically can invite family and friends. Afterward, there's usually a reception. Local attorneys come to the reception to meet the newest members of the bar, which can provide you with valuable networking opportunities.\\n3. Work Experience\\n3-1. Perform well in a summer associate program.\\nIf you were fortunate enough to get hired as a summer associate at a large law firm, use that position to your advantage. Large law firms typically hire the top performers from their summer associate programs as permanent associates.\\nDon't be afraid of asking your supervising associate what else you can do to stand out or set yourself apart from the other summer associates.\\n3-2. Reach out to law professors for recommendations.\\nTalk to professors who teach classes you've had a particular interest in, or that you did well in. If the professor offers more than one course, take all of them. Go to office hours, and get to know them as much as you can.\\nIn addition to writing reference letters, law professors frequently know practicing attorneys in the area. They may be able to provide you with a connection or introduce you to attorneys in a field you're interested in.\\n3-3. Use your law school's career services office.\\nEvery law school has a career services office with resources to help you find a job as an attorney. These services are available not just to students but to graduates and alumni as well.\\nIt is in the law school's best interest to have high rates of employment among graduates. The career services office is going to do everything it can to help you find a position and ensure that you succeed.\\n3-4. Take advantage of networking opportunities.\\nFinding a good position as a lawyer is less about what you know than about who you know. Go to state bar association mixers and other events to meet practicing lawyers who can help you find your place.\\nAlways act professionally at mixers or other events where members of the bar are present. Talk to as many people as you can and get your name out there.\\nIf alcohol is available at an event, limit yourself to one drink. Getting drunk or even getting \\\"buzzed\\\" won't impress practicing attorneys – even if they are imbibing themselves.\\n3-5. Go to informational interviews.\\nInformational interviews don't necessarily lead directly to a job. Rather, they are a way for you to bend the ear of a practicing attorney and learn more about the local bar and the market for attorneys where you live and want to work.\\nSome informational interviews can lead you to find a mentor, but don't push it. When you meet someone who can mentor you in the profession, you'll feel it.\\n3-6. Mail your résumé to prospective firms.\\nUnless you have a job offer when you graduate, you'll likely have to \\\"cold call\\\" firms looking for employment. Most of these are done through email. However, if you take the extra step of mailing a paper résumé and cover letter, you'll likely get a better response. Few people go to this extra effort, and it will mean something to the hiring attorneys.\\nBuy heavier bond paper and put some effort into making your résumé and cover letter look professional.\\nKeep in mind that hiring attorneys typically are older. They may appreciate getting a paper résumé since this is a medium they're familiar with.\\nTips\\nDon't go too deeply into debt to finance your law school education. Tuition at an in-state public school will typically be a lot less than out-of-state or private school tuition, and you will get an equally strong education.\\nWarnings\\nDo your best to stay out of trouble. All states perform criminal background checks, and a criminal history may keep you from practicing.\\nMany movies and shows that depict what happens in the courtroom or trial do not actually happen in real life. Most lawyers do not go to court. Instead, they help their clients try and reach an agreement with the opposing party. If the opposing party is not willing to settle on an agreement or violates an agreement, then the lawyer will take the matter to court.\\nAttend a law school that is accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA). Many law schools that do not require the LSAT are not ABA-accredited, and most employers will not want to hire a student who went to an unaccredited law school.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The specific requirements for becoming a lawyer in the United States vary depending on the state or territory where you decide to practice law. However, the basics are the same throughout the country. Generally, you'll need to graduate from law school and pass a state bar exam to be licensed to practice law in the United States. While it can be a lucrative field, it requires at least 7 years of schooling after high school and a great deal of work.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Develop your interest in law in high school.\", \"描述\": \"You don't have to wait until law school to start gaining skills and experience that will help you in the practice of law. Join your high school's debate or moot court team, and participate in other activities relevant to the legal field.\\nIt doesn't hurt to take Latin if your school offers it. Many legal terms are in Latin, so knowing the language will give you a heads up and keep you from having to memorize a bunch of foreign terms.\\nTake classes such as criminal justice for electives, if offered. These classes will give you an introduction to the legal issues faced by attorneys every day.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a bachelor's degree from a four-year college or university.\", \"描述\": \"A bachelor's degree (or an equivalent degree) is a prerequisite for admission to law school. While majors in English, Philosophy, Economics, Business, Psychology, Criminal Justice, and Political Science provide a good foundation for law school, the American Bar Association (ABA) does not endorse any particular major. It's essential to choose a major that interests you the most. The only exception is if you want to practice patent law. In that case, you must major in a scientific or technical field to be eligible to take the patent bar examination.\\nIf you want to practice criminal law, you should look into getting a degree in criminology or criminal justice.\\nIf you wanted to work in insurance or healthcare law, a nursing degree is recommended.\\nA business or accounting degree is very helpful for corporate and real estate law.\\nTry to keep your GPA as high as possible to improve your chances of getting into a good law school and potentially qualify you for scholarship money.\\nAvoid too many withdrawals on your transcript. Although law school admissions do not care if you withdrew once or twice, many withdrawals may leave the admission officer suspicious and question your dedication to your academics.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work part-time at a court or law firm.\", \"描述\": \"While in high school and college, if you can find work at a law firm or a local courthouse, these will give you exposure to legal issues and help prepare you for practicing law. If you know what area of law you want to go into, try to find work in that area.\\nDon't worry if you're not sure what area of law you want to practice in yet. You have plenty of time to decide, and many people don't make their final decision until they're already in law school. Use this time to explore areas that capture your interest.\\nIt is a good idea to work at a law firm as a file clerk or receptionist so you can see the behind-the-scenes work of what lawyers actually do to help make a more informed decision if lawyering is for you. It is generally advised you do not work as a paralegal because it is a separate career that can be heavy in terms of the workload and hours.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the LSAT during your senior year of undergraduate study.\", \"描述\": \"The Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) is a half-day standardized test. All law schools accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA) have this test as an admissions requirement. The test is offered in June, October, and December. Take it as early as possible.\\nThe LSAT is a measure of your reading comprehension and verbal reasoning skills. You can pick up study guides online or in bookstores. There are also prep classes available that you can attend.\\nStart studying for the test as soon as possible. Do at least 3 practice tests under simulated test conditions before you sit for the actual test.\\nIf you receive testing accommodations for a disability, you may request accommodations for the LSAT through the Law School Admissions Council website.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply to several accredited law schools.\", \"描述\": \"After you've got your LSAT scores, you can sign up with the Law School Admissions Council (LSAC). This agency coordinates your test scores, applications, and recommendation letters and distributes them to schools on your behalf. You cannot apply to law schools unless you go through this agency.\\nApply to at least one \\\"reach\\\" school. This is a school with a low acceptance rate, or one for which your test scores and GPA fall at the low end of acceptances.\\nChoose 2 or 3 schools where your test scores, GPA, and other credentials are competitive. You should fit comfortably in the middle of the range of students accepted by that school.\\nAdd on 1 or 2 \\\"safe\\\" schools. These are schools where your credentials are at the top end of the range of students accepted by that school, if not above the average range.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Dedicate yourself to success in law school.\", \"描述\": \"Once you choose your law school, be ready to focus and work hard for all 3 years. Join clubs and groups that are related to your legal interests to study law properly.\\nDo the readings for each class, and try to give yourself time to review before each class. Most law school professors teach by Socratic method, where they randomly call on students and ask questions about the assigned reading. It's important to be prepared.\\nTake notes and prepare an outline for each of your classes. This will help you study for the final exam. Most law school classes have only one final exam at the end of the semester. Your performance on this exam determines your grade for the entire course.\\nJoining a study group can help you make better sense of the readings and understand the major themes for each class.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Graduate from law school with a relatively high rank.\", \"描述\": \"Law firms pay attention to class ranks. The higher your ranking in your law school class, the more likely you'll secure a high-paying position at a large law firm.\\nIf you want to clerk for a federal judge, you generally want to be in at least the top quarter of your class.\\nLarge law firms typically recruit from the top 30 percent of classes at higher ranked law schools. The lower your law school is ranked, the higher your rank should be in your class to compensate.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"State Bar\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide where you want to practice law.\", \"描述\": \"Each state has its own bar admissions process. Choose the state where you want to practice law as soon as possible during your law school career so that you can start preparing for that state's bar.\\nIt's usually best to practice in the state where you go to law school. Your law school will be well known and there will be plenty of alumni hiring. In addition, law schools typically discuss the law in their state, but seldom the law of other states.\\nIf you want to practice law in another state, it will be up to you to learn the law for that state.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start filling out your bar application as soon as possible.\", \"描述\": \"The bar application is a hefty, detailed document. In most states, the initial application is 15 or 20 pages long and covers specific details over the last 10 years of your life. It may take you some time to complete it.\\nWhen you get your bar application, skim through it first. Determine which questions will take you longer to answer. Identify questions you'll have to hunt down information for.\\nYour bar application must be approved before you will be able to sign up for the bar exam. Get started on it as soon as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sit for the MPRE in your third year of law school.\", \"描述\": \"Only Maryland, Washington, and Wisconsin don't require the MPRE. If you plan to practice in Connecticut or New Jersey, you don't have to take the test if you earned a grade of C or better in an ethics course in law school.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a bar study program.\", \"描述\": \"It's possible to pass the bar without taking any preparation programs or courses. However, bar passage rates are significantly higher among students who take prep courses. The cost of a bar study program pales in comparison to the stress and financial burden of having to take the bar exam twice.\\nBar study programs typically cost several hundred dollars. They primarily get you ready for the multi-state bar exam (MBE), the multiple-choice portion of the bar exam. However, they also have practice essays to get you ready for the state portion of the exam.\\nBar study programs offer tests in simulated test conditions, which makes them the most valuable. The bar exam is a grueling, stressful experience. The more practice you have working under those circumstances, the calmer you'll be.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Spend the summer after you graduate studying for the bar.\", \"描述\": \"You may have a hard time passing the bar if you just take a single bar study course and do nothing else. Create a study schedule for yourself and spend time each day studying for the bar. Take a practice test under simulated test conditions at least once a week.\\nIf you've accepted an offer from a large law firm, your firm likely has a bar study course and other resources available to you. Take advantage of them.\\nSpecific information about the topics covered by your state's bar exam can be found on the website of your state's board of bar examiners.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Complete an interview with a member of the local bar.\", \"描述\": \"Most states require you to sit down with a member of the local bar, who will ask you questions about your legal interests and why you want to practice law. While this may feel like a job interview, they typically aren't looking to hire you. Rather, they're trying to determine if you have the discipline and character necessary to serve as a member of the bar.\\nYou may also be asked questions about information from your bar application, including your educational background and experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Take the bar in the jurisdiction where you intend to practice law.\", \"描述\": \"If you're approved for admission to the state bar, you've got one additional hurdle. The bar exam is an 18-day multiple choice and essay test that typically takes place over 2 or 3 days.\\nUnless you live extremely close to the bar exam testing site, it's a good idea to get a hotel room nearby for the duration of the test. This will allow you to focus and not have to worry about making long drives or arranging a ride.\\nIf you hold a law degree from (or practiced law) in another country other than Canada, you must refer to your state's bar exam eligibility to see if you qualify.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Wait to find out your bar exam results.\", \"描述\": \"After you take the bar exam, you'll have to wait several months to find out if you passed. In the meantime, you can start looking for a job (if you don't have one already). While you can't represent clients as an attorney until you've passed the bar and completed your state's licensing process, you can draft legal documents and do a lot of other legal work.\\nThe test results are typically posted online on a specific day, so you can find out if you passed immediately. Your final score on the bar exam typically isn't made available.\\nIf you find out you didn't pass you can take the test again. You can take the bar exam as many times as you need to, although taking it more than 2 or 3 times would be quite a setback for your legal career.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Take your oath in court.\", \"描述\": \"Assuming you passed the bar exam, you will appear in court to be sworn in as a member of the bar. The swearing-in ceremony typically includes everyone else who passed the bar in your area, and you all take the oath at once.\\nThe oath is a ceremony to which you typically can invite family and friends. Afterward, there's usually a reception. Local attorneys come to the reception to meet the newest members of the bar, which can provide you with valuable networking opportunities.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Perform well in a summer associate program.\", \"描述\": \"If you were fortunate enough to get hired as a summer associate at a large law firm, use that position to your advantage. Large law firms typically hire the top performers from their summer associate programs as permanent associates.\\nDon't be afraid of asking your supervising associate what else you can do to stand out or set yourself apart from the other summer associates.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Reach out to law professors for recommendations.\", \"描述\": \"Talk to professors who teach classes you've had a particular interest in, or that you did well in. If the professor offers more than one course, take all of them. Go to office hours, and get to know them as much as you can.\\nIn addition to writing reference letters, law professors frequently know practicing attorneys in the area. They may be able to provide you with a connection or introduce you to attorneys in a field you're interested in.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use your law school's career services office.\", \"描述\": \"Every law school has a career services office with resources to help you find a job as an attorney. These services are available not just to students but to graduates and alumni as well.\\nIt is in the law school's best interest to have high rates of employment among graduates. The career services office is going to do everything it can to help you find a position and ensure that you succeed.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take advantage of networking opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"Finding a good position as a lawyer is less about what you know than about who you know. Go to state bar association mixers and other events to meet practicing lawyers who can help you find your place.\\nAlways act professionally at mixers or other events where members of the bar are present. Talk to as many people as you can and get your name out there.\\nIf alcohol is available at an event, limit yourself to one drink. Getting drunk or even getting \\\"buzzed\\\" won't impress practicing attorneys – even if they are imbibing themselves.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Go to informational interviews.\", \"描述\": \"Informational interviews don't necessarily lead directly to a job. Rather, they are a way for you to bend the ear of a practicing attorney and learn more about the local bar and the market for attorneys where you live and want to work.\\nSome informational interviews can lead you to find a mentor, but don't push it. When you meet someone who can mentor you in the profession, you'll feel it.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Mail your résumé to prospective firms.\", \"描述\": \"Unless you have a job offer when you graduate, you'll likely have to \\\"cold call\\\" firms looking for employment. Most of these are done through email. However, if you take the extra step of mailing a paper résumé and cover letter, you'll likely get a better response. Few people go to this extra effort, and it will mean something to the hiring attorneys.\\nBuy heavier bond paper and put some effort into making your résumé and cover letter look professional.\\nKeep in mind that hiring attorneys typically are older. They may appreciate getting a paper résumé since this is a medium they're familiar with.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don't go too deeply into debt to finance your law school education. Tuition at an in-state public school will typically be a lot less than out-of-state or private school tuition, and you will get an equally strong education.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Do your best to stay out of trouble. All states perform criminal background checks, and a criminal history may keep you from practicing.\\n\", \"Many movies and shows that depict what happens in the courtroom or trial do not actually happen in real life. Most lawyers do not go to court. Instead, they help their clients try and reach an agreement with the opposing party. If the opposing party is not willing to settle on an agreement or violates an agreement, then the lawyer will take the matter to court.\\n\", \"Attend a law school that is accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA). Many law schools that do not require the LSAT are not ABA-accredited, and most employers will not want to hire a student who went to an unaccredited law school.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,478 |
How to Become a Leasing Consultant
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1. Gaining Experience and Knowledge
1-1. Study business and real estate.
While a bachelor's degree is not necessarily required to become a leasing consultant, many employers prefer to hire those with a degree or some college background. The completion of an educational program with some exposure to the areas of business and real estate, or even taking a few courses in these areas on the side, will serve you well. Some educational institutions even offer certificate programs or degrees in areas relevant to leasing and property management. Good subjects to study include:
Sales
Real estate market analysis
Residential report writing
Fair housing regulations
Contracts
Principles of real estate management
1-2. Gain some work experience.
In many cases, there are no absolute prerequisite work experiences for gaining a position as a leasing consultant. However, having some background in sales or hospitality can prepare you well to work in leasing services and property management. Fields where you can gain relevant work experience include:
Sales positions, such as at a car dealership or retail store
Hospitality services, such as hotel management
Customer service, including positions within a corporate office, legal firm, etc.
1-3. Find out if you need to obtain a leasing license.
Some states or regions require you to obtain a license in order to practice as a leasing consultant. Contact your state or regional real estate association to determine if you need a license to practice as a leasing agent. Typical requirements may include:
You must be at least 18 years old
You must be a high school graduate, or equivalent
You must complete an approved leasing agent course and/or examination.
Payment of a license fee
1-4. Complete a leasing license course and examination, if required.
You can prepare for a leasing license examination by completing a short course; some may be completed in just a few days. You may also be able to use self-study materials to prepare for the examination. Typically, there will be fees for the course or study materials and for the examination itself. Exact requirements vary widely from state to state, but you can generally prepare for a leasing license examination by studying topics such as:
The real estate laws of your area
Real estate appraisal
Real estate finance
Human resources
Business law
Business economics
Financial management
1-5. Study the real estate market in your area.
Even before you begin working as a leasing consultant, it is a good idea to have a sense of the property market in your area. You will want to know what kind of properties are leased in your area, and what kind of tenants occupy them. You can find the relevant information by researching the websites of property companies in your area, as well as calling or visiting them.
Some leasing consultants work solely with residential properties, some solely with commercial properties, and other with a combination of the two.
Some leasing agents work strictly with a particular site, such as an apartment complex, to lease units at that site. Others work for a property management company that may lease units at many locations.
It is a good idea to have a sense of the tenants in your area by knowing the answers to questions like: What kind of businesses are common in your area? What is the median age and family size in a residential unit in your area? Are short-term or long-term leases the standard?
2. Finding a Job and Succeeding
2-1. Conduct informational interviews.
You can learn more about working for a particular property management company, apartment complex, or other real estate company by asking to meet with one of its representatives for an informational interview. Let the representative (a leasing agent, property manager, etc.) know that you are interested in working as a leasing consultant, and want to know more about the field.
The informational interview is an occasion to ask questions about the tasks and responsibilities of a leasing consultant, and also an opportunity to network with others in the field of real estate. This may help you to find a job as a leasing consultant.
You might also ask about average salaries for leasing consultants in your area. Keep in mind that many consultants work on commission. This means that a consultant’s base salary may seem relatively low, but commissions based on the properties he or she successfully leases to tenants would supplement it. Commission rates may also be negotiable.
Some information on real estate jobs is also available online from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and other sources.
2-2. Apply for leasing consultant jobs.
Using jobs boards, placement services, social media, word-of-mouth, or any other means, look for advertisements seeking leasing consultants. Make sure that your application materials, such as a resume and cover letter, emphasize that you have the skills and information necessary to succeed as a leasing agent, including:
Responsibility
A willingness to lease fairly and ethically
Courtesy and good customer service skills
Excellent oral and written communication skills
Conflict resolution skills (to help handle any tenant issues that may arise)
Attention to detail
The ability to understand and process leases and other property-related documents
Knowledge of the local real estate market and tenant needs
The ability to work independently and/or travel, such as to take prospective tenants to visit a property
2-3. Take a certification course.
The National Apartment Association (NAA) offers the National Apartment Leasing Professional (NALP) certification. Similarly, the Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) offers a variety of courses relevant to commercial leasing agents.
There may be a fee associated with the certification course and/or examination.
Certification courses may be offered in-person, online, on-demand, or in a hybrid format.
Certification may require a certain number of hours of coursework, and/or an examination. Contact the relevant real estate association for details.
The NALP certification course requires you to have worked as a leasing consultant for at least six months you can become certified, although you can begin taking this course before you have six months’ experience.
Some BOMA courses are targeted toward leasing agents and property managers with 3-5 years experience.
2-4. Keep a flexible schedule.
Leasing consultants may need to work flexible or unusual hours to serve prospective and current tenants. For instance, prospective tenants may only be able to view apartments to lease outside of regular business hours, so you may need to work evenings or weekends to serve their needs. You will also need to keep in close contact with your tenants to serve them well, and so you should expect to sometimes answer phone calls and emails outside of regular business hours.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:06",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Gaining Experience and Knowledge\\n1-1. Study business and real estate.\\nWhile a bachelor's degree is not necessarily required to become a leasing consultant, many employers prefer to hire those with a degree or some college background. The completion of an educational program with some exposure to the areas of business and real estate, or even taking a few courses in these areas on the side, will serve you well. Some educational institutions even offer certificate programs or degrees in areas relevant to leasing and property management. Good subjects to study include:\\nSales\\nReal estate market analysis\\nResidential report writing\\nFair housing regulations\\nContracts\\nPrinciples of real estate management\\n1-2. Gain some work experience.\\nIn many cases, there are no absolute prerequisite work experiences for gaining a position as a leasing consultant. However, having some background in sales or hospitality can prepare you well to work in leasing services and property management. Fields where you can gain relevant work experience include:\\nSales positions, such as at a car dealership or retail store\\nHospitality services, such as hotel management\\nCustomer service, including positions within a corporate office, legal firm, etc.\\n1-3. Find out if you need to obtain a leasing license.\\nSome states or regions require you to obtain a license in order to practice as a leasing consultant. Contact your state or regional real estate association to determine if you need a license to practice as a leasing agent. Typical requirements may include:\\nYou must be at least 18 years old\\nYou must be a high school graduate, or equivalent\\nYou must complete an approved leasing agent course and/or examination.\\nPayment of a license fee\\n1-4. Complete a leasing license course and examination, if required.\\nYou can prepare for a leasing license examination by completing a short course; some may be completed in just a few days. You may also be able to use self-study materials to prepare for the examination. Typically, there will be fees for the course or study materials and for the examination itself. Exact requirements vary widely from state to state, but you can generally prepare for a leasing license examination by studying topics such as:\\nThe real estate laws of your area\\nReal estate appraisal\\nReal estate finance\\nHuman resources\\nBusiness law\\nBusiness economics\\nFinancial management\\n1-5. Study the real estate market in your area.\\nEven before you begin working as a leasing consultant, it is a good idea to have a sense of the property market in your area. You will want to know what kind of properties are leased in your area, and what kind of tenants occupy them. You can find the relevant information by researching the websites of property companies in your area, as well as calling or visiting them.\\nSome leasing consultants work solely with residential properties, some solely with commercial properties, and other with a combination of the two.\\nSome leasing agents work strictly with a particular site, such as an apartment complex, to lease units at that site. Others work for a property management company that may lease units at many locations.\\nIt is a good idea to have a sense of the tenants in your area by knowing the answers to questions like: What kind of businesses are common in your area? What is the median age and family size in a residential unit in your area? Are short-term or long-term leases the standard?\\n2. Finding a Job and Succeeding\\n2-1. Conduct informational interviews.\\nYou can learn more about working for a particular property management company, apartment complex, or other real estate company by asking to meet with one of its representatives for an informational interview. Let the representative (a leasing agent, property manager, etc.) know that you are interested in working as a leasing consultant, and want to know more about the field.\\nThe informational interview is an occasion to ask questions about the tasks and responsibilities of a leasing consultant, and also an opportunity to network with others in the field of real estate. This may help you to find a job as a leasing consultant.\\nYou might also ask about average salaries for leasing consultants in your area. Keep in mind that many consultants work on commission. This means that a consultant’s base salary may seem relatively low, but commissions based on the properties he or she successfully leases to tenants would supplement it. Commission rates may also be negotiable.\\nSome information on real estate jobs is also available online from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and other sources.\\n2-2. Apply for leasing consultant jobs.\\nUsing jobs boards, placement services, social media, word-of-mouth, or any other means, look for advertisements seeking leasing consultants. Make sure that your application materials, such as a resume and cover letter, emphasize that you have the skills and information necessary to succeed as a leasing agent, including:\\nResponsibility\\nA willingness to lease fairly and ethically\\nCourtesy and good customer service skills\\nExcellent oral and written communication skills\\nConflict resolution skills (to help handle any tenant issues that may arise)\\nAttention to detail\\nThe ability to understand and process leases and other property-related documents\\nKnowledge of the local real estate market and tenant needs\\nThe ability to work independently and/or travel, such as to take prospective tenants to visit a property\\n2-3. Take a certification course.\\nThe National Apartment Association (NAA) offers the National Apartment Leasing Professional (NALP) certification. Similarly, the Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) offers a variety of courses relevant to commercial leasing agents.\\nThere may be a fee associated with the certification course and/or examination.\\nCertification courses may be offered in-person, online, on-demand, or in a hybrid format.\\nCertification may require a certain number of hours of coursework, and/or an examination. Contact the relevant real estate association for details.\\nThe NALP certification course requires you to have worked as a leasing consultant for at least six months you can become certified, although you can begin taking this course before you have six months’ experience.\\nSome BOMA courses are targeted toward leasing agents and property managers with 3-5 years experience.\\n2-4. Keep a flexible schedule.\\nLeasing consultants may need to work flexible or unusual hours to serve prospective and current tenants. For instance, prospective tenants may only be able to view apartments to lease outside of regular business hours, so you may need to work evenings or weekends to serve their needs. You will also need to keep in close contact with your tenants to serve them well, and so you should expect to sometimes answer phone calls and emails outside of regular business hours.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A leasing consultant, also known as a leasing agent, works on behalf of landlords and property management companies to collect rent and provide customer service for renters and tenants. They also market rental properties to prospective tenants by giving tours, answering questions and processing applications and lease agreements. Most leasing consultants are expected to have excellent customer service and communication skills. Become a leasing consultant by learning what you can about real estate and marketing, and developing a relationship with companies that own the properties you might like to work for.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience and Knowledge\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Study business and real estate.\", \"描述\": \"While a bachelor's degree is not necessarily required to become a leasing consultant, many employers prefer to hire those with a degree or some college background. The completion of an educational program with some exposure to the areas of business and real estate, or even taking a few courses in these areas on the side, will serve you well. Some educational institutions even offer certificate programs or degrees in areas relevant to leasing and property management. Good subjects to study include:\\nSales\\nReal estate market analysis\\nResidential report writing\\nFair housing regulations\\nContracts\\nPrinciples of real estate management\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gain some work experience.\", \"描述\": \"In many cases, there are no absolute prerequisite work experiences for gaining a position as a leasing consultant. However, having some background in sales or hospitality can prepare you well to work in leasing services and property management. Fields where you can gain relevant work experience include:\\nSales positions, such as at a car dealership or retail store\\nHospitality services, such as hotel management\\nCustomer service, including positions within a corporate office, legal firm, etc.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find out if you need to obtain a leasing license.\", \"描述\": \"Some states or regions require you to obtain a license in order to practice as a leasing consultant. Contact your state or regional real estate association to determine if you need a license to practice as a leasing agent. Typical requirements may include:\\nYou must be at least 18 years old\\nYou must be a high school graduate, or equivalent\\nYou must complete an approved leasing agent course and/or examination.\\nPayment of a license fee\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete a leasing license course and examination, if required.\", \"描述\": \"You can prepare for a leasing license examination by completing a short course; some may be completed in just a few days. You may also be able to use self-study materials to prepare for the examination. Typically, there will be fees for the course or study materials and for the examination itself. Exact requirements vary widely from state to state, but you can generally prepare for a leasing license examination by studying topics such as:\\nThe real estate laws of your area\\nReal estate appraisal\\nReal estate finance\\nHuman resources\\nBusiness law\\nBusiness economics\\nFinancial management\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Study the real estate market in your area.\", \"描述\": \"Even before you begin working as a leasing consultant, it is a good idea to have a sense of the property market in your area. You will want to know what kind of properties are leased in your area, and what kind of tenants occupy them. You can find the relevant information by researching the websites of property companies in your area, as well as calling or visiting them.\\nSome leasing consultants work solely with residential properties, some solely with commercial properties, and other with a combination of the two.\\nSome leasing agents work strictly with a particular site, such as an apartment complex, to lease units at that site. Others work for a property management company that may lease units at many locations.\\nIt is a good idea to have a sense of the tenants in your area by knowing the answers to questions like: What kind of businesses are common in your area? What is the median age and family size in a residential unit in your area? Are short-term or long-term leases the standard?\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Finding a Job and Succeeding\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Conduct informational interviews.\", \"描述\": \"You can learn more about working for a particular property management company, apartment complex, or other real estate company by asking to meet with one of its representatives for an informational interview. Let the representative (a leasing agent, property manager, etc.) know that you are interested in working as a leasing consultant, and want to know more about the field.\\nThe informational interview is an occasion to ask questions about the tasks and responsibilities of a leasing consultant, and also an opportunity to network with others in the field of real estate. This may help you to find a job as a leasing consultant.\\nYou might also ask about average salaries for leasing consultants in your area. Keep in mind that many consultants work on commission. This means that a consultant’s base salary may seem relatively low, but commissions based on the properties he or she successfully leases to tenants would supplement it. Commission rates may also be negotiable.\\nSome information on real estate jobs is also available online from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and other sources.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for leasing consultant jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Using jobs boards, placement services, social media, word-of-mouth, or any other means, look for advertisements seeking leasing consultants. Make sure that your application materials, such as a resume and cover letter, emphasize that you have the skills and information necessary to succeed as a leasing agent, including:\\nResponsibility\\nA willingness to lease fairly and ethically\\nCourtesy and good customer service skills\\nExcellent oral and written communication skills\\nConflict resolution skills (to help handle any tenant issues that may arise)\\nAttention to detail\\nThe ability to understand and process leases and other property-related documents\\nKnowledge of the local real estate market and tenant needs\\nThe ability to work independently and/or travel, such as to take prospective tenants to visit a property\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take a certification course.\", \"描述\": \"The National Apartment Association (NAA) offers the National Apartment Leasing Professional (NALP) certification. Similarly, the Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) offers a variety of courses relevant to commercial leasing agents.\\nThere may be a fee associated with the certification course and/or examination.\\nCertification courses may be offered in-person, online, on-demand, or in a hybrid format.\\nCertification may require a certain number of hours of coursework, and/or an examination. Contact the relevant real estate association for details.\\nThe NALP certification course requires you to have worked as a leasing consultant for at least six months you can become certified, although you can begin taking this course before you have six months’ experience.\\nSome BOMA courses are targeted toward leasing agents and property managers with 3-5 years experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Keep a flexible schedule.\", \"描述\": \"Leasing consultants may need to work flexible or unusual hours to serve prospective and current tenants. For instance, prospective tenants may only be able to view apartments to lease outside of regular business hours, so you may need to work evenings or weekends to serve their needs. You will also need to keep in close contact with your tenants to serve them well, and so you should expect to sometimes answer phone calls and emails outside of regular business hours.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,479 |
How to Become a Legal Analyst
|
1. Obtaining an Education
1-1. Complete a post-secondary degree.
Most employers seeking to employ legal analysts expect that candidates will have either an associate’s degree or Bachelor of Arts degree. Prospective legal analysts, sometimes referred to as paralegals, may choose what type of degree to pursue based on their desired work setting.
Earn an associate’s degree in paralegal studies. An associate’s degree will meet the educational requirements for certain legal analyst positions. You should consider pursuing an associate’s degree if you are interested in working in a smaller city, in a small law practice or for some state governments. When evaluating a paralegal program you should check to see how long the program has been in existence, the number of students that graduated and obtained jobs, and determine what resources that the program offers.
Earn a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree. If you are interested in working in a large or medium-sized city or in a large law firm, you should consider pursuing a Bachelor of Arts. You do not need to pursue a B.A. in paralegal studies but rather, you can choose whatever major interests you.
1-2. Consider enrolling in an American Bar Association (ABA) approved paralegal education program.
The ABA is a highly respected voluntary legal association that lawyers look to for guidance. In order for paralegal programs to receive ABA approval, they must follow ABA paralegal education guidelines.. If you received your B.A. in an area other than paralegal studies, attending an ABA-approved program may increase your employment opportunities.
1-3. Become a certified paralegal.
Once you have completed your degree, consider becoming a certified paralegal. To become certified, you must pass a paralegal exam offered by a national certifying organization, such as the National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA), or through state bar associations. The certification demonstrates that you are certified to provide high-level paralegal services that are sought after by law firms.
2. Increasing Your Marketability
2-1. Develop strong writing skills.
An important element of any law practice is persuasive and concise writing. As a paralegal you may be asked to draft court documents or write research memos for the attorneys. It is imperative that you can communicate complicated legal analyses in plain language. Before drafting any legal documents always consider the following:
Understand your objective before you start writing. Before you start drafting a document to a client or an attorney, clearly identify the purpose of the document and strategize on how to effectively communicate that purpose.
Prepare a brief outline. Before you start writing, quickly sketch out all of the items you need to include in the document and identify the critical information that you need to convey. Creating an outline streamlines the writing process and provides you a checklist of the topics you need to cover.
Write without concern for editing. When you first begin drafting your document, do not become overly concerned that every sentence is perfect. Instead, you should focus on the writing process and creating a rough draft.
Edit closely. Once you have a draft of your document, read it closely for grammar mistakes, sentence flow and structure. You should check to make sure that you are writing in a clear and concise manner.
Finalize your introduction and conclusion. Once the body of your argument has been drafted, go back and write the introduction and conclusion. In the introduction, focus on providing a roadmap for the reader that previews all of the items covered in the body of the document. In the conclusion, be sure that you clearly state your findings and any actions that the reader must take.
2-2. Improve your communication skills.
Legal analysts are expected to communicate with clients, attorneys, court clerks and even opposing counsel. If you are employed, ask attorneys for the opportunity to sit in on client interviews so that you can observe how they ask questions, conduct themselves during interviews, and elicit information. If you are not yet employed, ask your school if there are internships or job shadowing opportunities that would allow you to develop these skills. Your communication skills are one of the first things an employer will notice about you and a critical part of your job as a legal analyst.
2-3. Become proficient in legal research and litigation software.
A large part of any legal practice is legal research. Employers expect prospective legal analysts to be able to use online legal research databases, such as Westlaw and LexisNexis, as well as case management and trial software. Ask your paralegal program director if they provide training in this software. Additionally, you can take part in free online training sessions provided by legal software companies.
2-4. Choose a legal specialty.
While it is not required that a paralegal specialize in a particular area of law, by choosing a specialty you could earn a higher salary and be more competitive in the market place. Some of the most common areas of specialty for legal analysts are as follows:
Become a bankruptcy law specialist. As a legal analyst specializing in bankruptcy law you will be required to assist attorneys who represent those filing for bankruptcy or banks seeking recompense from delinquent borrowers. If you are interested in bankruptcy law, have good interpersonal skills and would like to work at a private law firm, bank or mortgage company than you should consider specializing in bankruptcy law.
Become a family law specialist. Family law specialists may work for government agencies or private law firms that specialize in cases of divorce, custody hearings, adoption, and other areas involving domestic relations. As a specialist in family law, you may be asked to perform client interviews, obtain legal documents, draft legal documents and provide support for your client during a difficult time.
Become a litigation specialist. Litigation specialists draft legal documents, manage litigation databases, perform legal research, manage client files, and help attorneys prepare for trial. This specialization requires that you be highly organized, be able to coordinate with a team of attorneys, and be able to manage both administrative and research oriented tasks.
Become a real estate law specialist. With a real estate specialty, legal analysts may prepare and review contracts, obtain and review title documents, and track a case from beginning to closing on a property. If your interested in real estate and want to work for a private law firm, mortgage company, corporation or other business that handles real estate transactions then this may be a good specialty for you.
3. Seeking Employment as a Legal Analyst
3-1. Utilize online employment centers offered by paralegal associations.
Some national paralegal associations offer online job search features that are targeted for legal analysts/paralegals. Employers pay to post job advertisements on these websites because they are targeting their job search to trained paralegals. National associations may provide job listings for positions throughout the United States.
3-2. Search law firm website.
If you live in a major metropolitan area and are interested in working for a large law firm, you should identify firms that match your specialization. You can look for law firms through local bar association websites or by performing an internet search with “law firm” your legal specialization and your desired city. Once you identify the law firm, search their websites for paralegal/legal analyst employment opportunities.
3-3. Search online job websites.
Large online job websites also post employment opportunities for legal analysts. If you perform an internet search for “paralegal or legal analyst employment opportunities” and the location where you want to work, your search should lead you to these websites.
3-4. Utilize your schools career services program.
If you graduated from a paralegal program, these programs may also be able to direct you to employment opportunities in the area. While enrolled in the program, ask career services personnel about internship possibilities, as well as permanent employment opportunities.
4. Becoming a Financial Legal Analyst
4-1. Understand what this type of legal analyst does.
A legal analyst in the financial world usually learns about the culture of a particular financial firm while assisting colleagues with their daily tasks. After an initial training period, you will often be placed with a specific department in order to learn about different jobs within that department.
In reality, this job is usually a type of internship. While you can gain valuable experience and can work towards a permanent position with a financial firm, this opportunity usually only lasts for two or three years. At the end of that period, depending on your level of success as a legal analyst, you may be offered a more full time position in an area of interest.
4-2. Know who financial firms look to hire.
Typically, Wall Street type financial firms look to hire Ivy League graduates with extremely strong academic credentials. These types of jobs are often given to people with connections within the financial firm they are applying to. In order to give yourself the best chance of being hired, you should have a strong academic resume and you should try and know people within the firm you are applying to.
4-3. Consider using this job to move up in a financial firm.
A lot of people use this type of job as a first step in getting hired full time with a financial firm. For example, at Goldman Sachs, at the end of your two year period as a legal analyst, you may be brought on for another year in that capacity, or you may be hired in a different department. Therefore, while this type of legal analyst position is often seen as a glorified internship, you should take it seriously as it may lead to something more in the future.
Tips
Be sure to carefully research any paralegal program that you may attend. You want to make sure that the program is well respected and you may want to consider attending an ABA-accredited program.
Take advantage of any training programs that your school offers such as trial preparation software training and legal research training. These skills will make you a more marketable candidate.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:06",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Obtaining an Education\\n1-1. Complete a post-secondary degree.\\nMost employers seeking to employ legal analysts expect that candidates will have either an associate’s degree or Bachelor of Arts degree. Prospective legal analysts, sometimes referred to as paralegals, may choose what type of degree to pursue based on their desired work setting. \\nEarn an associate’s degree in paralegal studies. An associate’s degree will meet the educational requirements for certain legal analyst positions. You should consider pursuing an associate’s degree if you are interested in working in a smaller city, in a small law practice or for some state governments. When evaluating a paralegal program you should check to see how long the program has been in existence, the number of students that graduated and obtained jobs, and determine what resources that the program offers.\\nEarn a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree. If you are interested in working in a large or medium-sized city or in a large law firm, you should consider pursuing a Bachelor of Arts. You do not need to pursue a B.A. in paralegal studies but rather, you can choose whatever major interests you.\\n1-2. Consider enrolling in an American Bar Association (ABA) approved paralegal education program.\\nThe ABA is a highly respected voluntary legal association that lawyers look to for guidance. In order for paralegal programs to receive ABA approval, they must follow ABA paralegal education guidelines.. If you received your B.A. in an area other than paralegal studies, attending an ABA-approved program may increase your employment opportunities.\\n1-3. Become a certified paralegal.\\nOnce you have completed your degree, consider becoming a certified paralegal. To become certified, you must pass a paralegal exam offered by a national certifying organization, such as the National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA), or through state bar associations. The certification demonstrates that you are certified to provide high-level paralegal services that are sought after by law firms.\\n2. Increasing Your Marketability\\n2-1. Develop strong writing skills.\\nAn important element of any law practice is persuasive and concise writing. As a paralegal you may be asked to draft court documents or write research memos for the attorneys. It is imperative that you can communicate complicated legal analyses in plain language. Before drafting any legal documents always consider the following:\\nUnderstand your objective before you start writing. Before you start drafting a document to a client or an attorney, clearly identify the purpose of the document and strategize on how to effectively communicate that purpose.\\nPrepare a brief outline. Before you start writing, quickly sketch out all of the items you need to include in the document and identify the critical information that you need to convey. Creating an outline streamlines the writing process and provides you a checklist of the topics you need to cover.\\nWrite without concern for editing. When you first begin drafting your document, do not become overly concerned that every sentence is perfect. Instead, you should focus on the writing process and creating a rough draft.\\nEdit closely. Once you have a draft of your document, read it closely for grammar mistakes, sentence flow and structure. You should check to make sure that you are writing in a clear and concise manner.\\nFinalize your introduction and conclusion. Once the body of your argument has been drafted, go back and write the introduction and conclusion. In the introduction, focus on providing a roadmap for the reader that previews all of the items covered in the body of the document. In the conclusion, be sure that you clearly state your findings and any actions that the reader must take.\\n2-2. Improve your communication skills.\\nLegal analysts are expected to communicate with clients, attorneys, court clerks and even opposing counsel. If you are employed, ask attorneys for the opportunity to sit in on client interviews so that you can observe how they ask questions, conduct themselves during interviews, and elicit information. If you are not yet employed, ask your school if there are internships or job shadowing opportunities that would allow you to develop these skills. Your communication skills are one of the first things an employer will notice about you and a critical part of your job as a legal analyst.\\n2-3. Become proficient in legal research and litigation software.\\nA large part of any legal practice is legal research. Employers expect prospective legal analysts to be able to use online legal research databases, such as Westlaw and LexisNexis, as well as case management and trial software. Ask your paralegal program director if they provide training in this software. Additionally, you can take part in free online training sessions provided by legal software companies.\\n2-4. Choose a legal specialty.\\nWhile it is not required that a paralegal specialize in a particular area of law, by choosing a specialty you could earn a higher salary and be more competitive in the market place. Some of the most common areas of specialty for legal analysts are as follows: \\nBecome a bankruptcy law specialist. As a legal analyst specializing in bankruptcy law you will be required to assist attorneys who represent those filing for bankruptcy or banks seeking recompense from delinquent borrowers. If you are interested in bankruptcy law, have good interpersonal skills and would like to work at a private law firm, bank or mortgage company than you should consider specializing in bankruptcy law.\\nBecome a family law specialist. Family law specialists may work for government agencies or private law firms that specialize in cases of divorce, custody hearings, adoption, and other areas involving domestic relations. As a specialist in family law, you may be asked to perform client interviews, obtain legal documents, draft legal documents and provide support for your client during a difficult time.\\nBecome a litigation specialist. Litigation specialists draft legal documents, manage litigation databases, perform legal research, manage client files, and help attorneys prepare for trial. This specialization requires that you be highly organized, be able to coordinate with a team of attorneys, and be able to manage both administrative and research oriented tasks.\\nBecome a real estate law specialist. With a real estate specialty, legal analysts may prepare and review contracts, obtain and review title documents, and track a case from beginning to closing on a property. If your interested in real estate and want to work for a private law firm, mortgage company, corporation or other business that handles real estate transactions then this may be a good specialty for you.\\n3. Seeking Employment as a Legal Analyst\\n3-1. Utilize online employment centers offered by paralegal associations.\\nSome national paralegal associations offer online job search features that are targeted for legal analysts/paralegals. Employers pay to post job advertisements on these websites because they are targeting their job search to trained paralegals. National associations may provide job listings for positions throughout the United States.\\n3-2. Search law firm website.\\nIf you live in a major metropolitan area and are interested in working for a large law firm, you should identify firms that match your specialization. You can look for law firms through local bar association websites or by performing an internet search with “law firm” your legal specialization and your desired city. Once you identify the law firm, search their websites for paralegal/legal analyst employment opportunities.\\n3-3. Search online job websites.\\nLarge online job websites also post employment opportunities for legal analysts. If you perform an internet search for “paralegal or legal analyst employment opportunities” and the location where you want to work, your search should lead you to these websites.\\n3-4. Utilize your schools career services program.\\nIf you graduated from a paralegal program, these programs may also be able to direct you to employment opportunities in the area. While enrolled in the program, ask career services personnel about internship possibilities, as well as permanent employment opportunities.\\n4. Becoming a Financial Legal Analyst\\n4-1. Understand what this type of legal analyst does.\\nA legal analyst in the financial world usually learns about the culture of a particular financial firm while assisting colleagues with their daily tasks. After an initial training period, you will often be placed with a specific department in order to learn about different jobs within that department.\\nIn reality, this job is usually a type of internship. While you can gain valuable experience and can work towards a permanent position with a financial firm, this opportunity usually only lasts for two or three years. At the end of that period, depending on your level of success as a legal analyst, you may be offered a more full time position in an area of interest.\\n4-2. Know who financial firms look to hire.\\nTypically, Wall Street type financial firms look to hire Ivy League graduates with extremely strong academic credentials. These types of jobs are often given to people with connections within the financial firm they are applying to. In order to give yourself the best chance of being hired, you should have a strong academic resume and you should try and know people within the firm you are applying to.\\n4-3. Consider using this job to move up in a financial firm.\\nA lot of people use this type of job as a first step in getting hired full time with a financial firm. For example, at Goldman Sachs, at the end of your two year period as a legal analyst, you may be brought on for another year in that capacity, or you may be hired in a different department. Therefore, while this type of legal analyst position is often seen as a glorified internship, you should take it seriously as it may lead to something more in the future.\\nTips\\nBe sure to carefully research any paralegal program that you may attend. You want to make sure that the program is well respected and you may want to consider attending an ABA-accredited program.\\nTake advantage of any training programs that your school offers such as trial preparation software training and legal research training. These skills will make you a more marketable candidate.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Legal analysts assist attorneys in all forms of legal practice. Under the supervision of an attorney, legal analysts may conduct client interviews, draft court documents, perform legal research, and assist in preparing cases for trial. If you are interested in pursuing a career in the law, you should consider pursuing a career as a legal analyst. Another type of legal analyst, with jobs often found in Wall Street financial firms, assists institutions in the legal aspects of doing financial deals (e.g., advising financial analysts about Dodd-Frank).\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtaining an Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete a post-secondary degree.\", \"描述\": \"Most employers seeking to employ legal analysts expect that candidates will have either an associate’s degree or Bachelor of Arts degree. Prospective legal analysts, sometimes referred to as paralegals, may choose what type of degree to pursue based on their desired work setting. \\nEarn an associate’s degree in paralegal studies. An associate’s degree will meet the educational requirements for certain legal analyst positions. You should consider pursuing an associate’s degree if you are interested in working in a smaller city, in a small law practice or for some state governments. When evaluating a paralegal program you should check to see how long the program has been in existence, the number of students that graduated and obtained jobs, and determine what resources that the program offers.\\nEarn a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree. If you are interested in working in a large or medium-sized city or in a large law firm, you should consider pursuing a Bachelor of Arts. You do not need to pursue a B.A. in paralegal studies but rather, you can choose whatever major interests you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider enrolling in an American Bar Association (ABA) approved paralegal education program.\", \"描述\": \"The ABA is a highly respected voluntary legal association that lawyers look to for guidance. In order for paralegal programs to receive ABA approval, they must follow ABA paralegal education guidelines.. If you received your B.A. in an area other than paralegal studies, attending an ABA-approved program may increase your employment opportunities.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Become a certified paralegal.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have completed your degree, consider becoming a certified paralegal. To become certified, you must pass a paralegal exam offered by a national certifying organization, such as the National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA), or through state bar associations. The certification demonstrates that you are certified to provide high-level paralegal services that are sought after by law firms.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Increasing Your Marketability\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Develop strong writing skills.\", \"描述\": \"An important element of any law practice is persuasive and concise writing. As a paralegal you may be asked to draft court documents or write research memos for the attorneys. It is imperative that you can communicate complicated legal analyses in plain language. Before drafting any legal documents always consider the following:\\nUnderstand your objective before you start writing. Before you start drafting a document to a client or an attorney, clearly identify the purpose of the document and strategize on how to effectively communicate that purpose.\\nPrepare a brief outline. Before you start writing, quickly sketch out all of the items you need to include in the document and identify the critical information that you need to convey. Creating an outline streamlines the writing process and provides you a checklist of the topics you need to cover.\\nWrite without concern for editing. When you first begin drafting your document, do not become overly concerned that every sentence is perfect. Instead, you should focus on the writing process and creating a rough draft.\\nEdit closely. Once you have a draft of your document, read it closely for grammar mistakes, sentence flow and structure. You should check to make sure that you are writing in a clear and concise manner.\\nFinalize your introduction and conclusion. Once the body of your argument has been drafted, go back and write the introduction and conclusion. In the introduction, focus on providing a roadmap for the reader that previews all of the items covered in the body of the document. In the conclusion, be sure that you clearly state your findings and any actions that the reader must take.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Improve your communication skills.\", \"描述\": \"Legal analysts are expected to communicate with clients, attorneys, court clerks and even opposing counsel. If you are employed, ask attorneys for the opportunity to sit in on client interviews so that you can observe how they ask questions, conduct themselves during interviews, and elicit information. If you are not yet employed, ask your school if there are internships or job shadowing opportunities that would allow you to develop these skills. Your communication skills are one of the first things an employer will notice about you and a critical part of your job as a legal analyst.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Become proficient in legal research and litigation software.\", \"描述\": \"A large part of any legal practice is legal research. Employers expect prospective legal analysts to be able to use online legal research databases, such as Westlaw and LexisNexis, as well as case management and trial software. Ask your paralegal program director if they provide training in this software. Additionally, you can take part in free online training sessions provided by legal software companies.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Choose a legal specialty.\", \"描述\": \"While it is not required that a paralegal specialize in a particular area of law, by choosing a specialty you could earn a higher salary and be more competitive in the market place. Some of the most common areas of specialty for legal analysts are as follows: \\nBecome a bankruptcy law specialist. As a legal analyst specializing in bankruptcy law you will be required to assist attorneys who represent those filing for bankruptcy or banks seeking recompense from delinquent borrowers. If you are interested in bankruptcy law, have good interpersonal skills and would like to work at a private law firm, bank or mortgage company than you should consider specializing in bankruptcy law.\\nBecome a family law specialist. Family law specialists may work for government agencies or private law firms that specialize in cases of divorce, custody hearings, adoption, and other areas involving domestic relations. As a specialist in family law, you may be asked to perform client interviews, obtain legal documents, draft legal documents and provide support for your client during a difficult time.\\nBecome a litigation specialist. Litigation specialists draft legal documents, manage litigation databases, perform legal research, manage client files, and help attorneys prepare for trial. This specialization requires that you be highly organized, be able to coordinate with a team of attorneys, and be able to manage both administrative and research oriented tasks.\\nBecome a real estate law specialist. With a real estate specialty, legal analysts may prepare and review contracts, obtain and review title documents, and track a case from beginning to closing on a property. If your interested in real estate and want to work for a private law firm, mortgage company, corporation or other business that handles real estate transactions then this may be a good specialty for you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Seeking Employment as a Legal Analyst\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Utilize online employment centers offered by paralegal associations.\", \"描述\": \"Some national paralegal associations offer online job search features that are targeted for legal analysts/paralegals. Employers pay to post job advertisements on these websites because they are targeting their job search to trained paralegals. National associations may provide job listings for positions throughout the United States.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Search law firm website.\", \"描述\": \"If you live in a major metropolitan area and are interested in working for a large law firm, you should identify firms that match your specialization. You can look for law firms through local bar association websites or by performing an internet search with “law firm” your legal specialization and your desired city. Once you identify the law firm, search their websites for paralegal/legal analyst employment opportunities.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Search online job websites.\", \"描述\": \"Large online job websites also post employment opportunities for legal analysts. If you perform an internet search for “paralegal or legal analyst employment opportunities” and the location where you want to work, your search should lead you to these websites.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Utilize your schools career services program.\", \"描述\": \"If you graduated from a paralegal program, these programs may also be able to direct you to employment opportunities in the area. While enrolled in the program, ask career services personnel about internship possibilities, as well as permanent employment opportunities.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Financial Legal Analyst\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand what this type of legal analyst does.\", \"描述\": \"A legal analyst in the financial world usually learns about the culture of a particular financial firm while assisting colleagues with their daily tasks. After an initial training period, you will often be placed with a specific department in order to learn about different jobs within that department.\\nIn reality, this job is usually a type of internship. While you can gain valuable experience and can work towards a permanent position with a financial firm, this opportunity usually only lasts for two or three years. At the end of that period, depending on your level of success as a legal analyst, you may be offered a more full time position in an area of interest.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Know who financial firms look to hire.\", \"描述\": \"Typically, Wall Street type financial firms look to hire Ivy League graduates with extremely strong academic credentials. These types of jobs are often given to people with connections within the financial firm they are applying to. In order to give yourself the best chance of being hired, you should have a strong academic resume and you should try and know people within the firm you are applying to.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider using this job to move up in a financial firm.\", \"描述\": \"A lot of people use this type of job as a first step in getting hired full time with a financial firm. For example, at Goldman Sachs, at the end of your two year period as a legal analyst, you may be brought on for another year in that capacity, or you may be hired in a different department. Therefore, while this type of legal analyst position is often seen as a glorified internship, you should take it seriously as it may lead to something more in the future.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Be sure to carefully research any paralegal program that you may attend. You want to make sure that the program is well respected and you may want to consider attending an ABA-accredited program.\\n\", \"Take advantage of any training programs that your school offers such as trial preparation software training and legal research training. These skills will make you a more marketable candidate.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,480 |
How to Become a Legal Consultant
|
1. Obtaining the Necessary Education and Licensure
1-1. Earn a bachelor's degree.
To start on the path to becoming a legal consultant, you must first graduate from a four year university with a bachelor's degree. A bachelor's degree is a prerequisite to getting into law school so it is imperative you take this endeavor seriously. Law schools will look at your undergraduate education to see what type of degree you earned and what your overall GPA was.
If you already know you want to be a legal consultant at this early stage, consider majoring in a legally related field like criminal justice, legal studies, or political science. While you are not required to major in any specific field of study, immersing yourself in the legal field as soon as possible may help you in the future.
Regardless of your major, try to take courses in government, math, English, history, communications, and economics. These types of classes will help prepare you for law school and the legal consultant career.
1-2. Take the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT).
Once you graduate with a bachelor's degree, you will need to take the LSAT in order to build your law school portfolio. The LSAT is a standardized test meant to examine your ability to succeed in law school. It includes five multiple-choice sections testing your reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning.
In order to sign up to take the LSAT, you will go to the Law School Admission Council website. From there, you will click on the "register now" button at the top of the page, create an account, and follow the on screen instructions.
The LSAT scores range from 120 to 180. Depending on the type of law school you are interested in attending, you may need a score of between 150 and 180.
1-3. Complete law school.
Once you receive an LSAT score you are pleased with and you have gotten into the law school of your choice, you will need to complete the required curriculum and graduate with a Juris Doctor (J.D.), which is the professional degree you earn upon law school graduation.
Law schools will generally look at your undergraduate GPA, your LSAT score, essays, and letters of recommendation when they consider accepting you to their program.
Law school is usually a three year program unless you decide to graduate early or you decide to pursue other graduate degrees (i.e., a masters in business administration).
While in law school, your first year will be filled with structured classes in the most common areas of the law such as constitutional law, criminal law, torts, contracts, and property. Your second and third year you will be able to take elective courses chosen based on what your career goals are. For instance, if you are interested in being a legal consultant focusing on corporate law, you may want to take classes in employment law, mergers and acquisitions, and tax law.
1-4. Get licensed to practice law in the state of your choice.
Once you have graduated from law school and earned your J.D., if you are interested in practicing law in order to gain valuable legal experience prior to entering the legal consulting field, you will need to get licensed to practice law in the state you plan on working in. While it is not always a requirement to be licensed to practice law in order to be a legal consultant, most employers will look for attorney experience when hiring qualified legal consultants. In order to get licensed, you will usually have to:
Take and pass your state's bar exam. The bar exam is a two or three day test examining your understanding of basic legal concepts. It is designed to ensure you have the minimum qualifications necessary to practice law in your state. In order to sign up for your state's bar exam, visit your state's bar website. For example, to sign up in California, you would go here.
Pass the Multistate Professional Responsibility Exam (MPRE). The MPRE is a one day test designed to assess your knowledge of the rules of professional responsibility, which a lawyer must abide by at all times. In order to sign up for and take the MPRE, you must register with the National Conference of Bar Examiners and sign up for the MPRE here.
Submit a moral character application for review. Finally, you will be required to submit a moral character application, which includes personal information about yourself and is designed to ensure your state is only accepting attorney applicants who are upstanding citizens. The application will involve questions about your criminal history, housing history, schooling history, and any other questions your state deems appropriate.
2. Accumulating Professional Experience
2-1. Work during the summers between your school years.
If you want to be a successful legal consultant, you will need to build your resume with meaningful professional experiences. You should start doing this as early as possible. While it may be difficult to work while you are in school, particularly law school, you should at the very least try to work during your summers.
In law school, there are often opportunities to participate in summer internships or clinics, which usually provide opportunities to do real world legal work while still being in school. For example, in civil practice clinics, you may get an opportunity to help low income clients with their housing disputes and public benefits problems.
2-2. Build legal experience.
Once you are licensed to practice law, you should look for entry level legal experience in a field you are passionate about. As of 2012, most employers looking to hire legal consultants were looking for applicants to have a minimum of three years of general legal experience.
If you know what type of legal consultant you would like to be (i.e., corporate, medical, real estate), try to get a legal job in that specific field.
Entry level legal jobs are usually associate positions with law firms, law clerk positions with organizations, or law clerk positions with various courts around the United States.
2-3. Gain entry level consulting experience.
Once you have some general legal experience under your belt, you may want to look into gaining some entry level consulting experience. A lot of employers hiring legal consultants look for their applicants to have between two and six years of experience in their specific legal consulting field. This step is separate from starting your consulting career because you will need to gain entry level experience prior to becoming a leading legal consultant with an agency or on your own.
In order to gain this consulting experience, start networking early and reach out to community members working in the legal consulting field.
Once you get a consulting interview, be prepared for a rigorous process. Consulting interviews often take place in multiple parts with the first couple of interviews being your general personality interviews. However, once you make it past the first couple of rounds you may find yourself taking part in a group interview where you may be asked to solve a problem with other candidates. In this interview, employers are often looking to see how you work as part of a team and how you handle pressure. Finally, the employer may ask you back for one more interview, often the most intimidating, where they may ask you to solve some sort of consulting problem. In this interview they are looking to see how you can handle yourself under pressure.
Be confident going into these interviews. If you have followed the path laid out in this article you will be well prepared for this process.
3. Starting Your Professional Consulting Career
3-1. Decide whether you want to work independently or as part of a consulting agency or group.
Once you have gained between two and six years of entry level legal consulting experience, you should begin to think about breaking into your dream legal consulting job. The first step in this process will be to decide whether you want to work with a consulting agency or on your own.
If you are interested in being a part of a consulting team, look for legal consulting jobs online and through your network. Reach out to people you know in the field and ask if they know of any availabilities. Send resumes to agencies you find online, even if they do not currently have any openings. Try looking at indeed or SimplyHired for possible job postings.
If you are interested in starting your own legal consulting practice, you will need to create a business plan, market your business, and gain a valuable client pool. Follow the steps below in order to start the process.
3-2. Create a business plan.
A business plan is a written description of a business's future, including information on your goals and how you plan to reach them. When you are creating your business plan for your legal consulting business, be sure to identify the services you want to provide and develop a plan to market those services to your ideal clients.
For instance, if you are planning on being a legal consultant focusing on human resources, you will want to tailor your marketing efforts and reach out to local and national organizations that attract human resources specialists. Understanding where to focus your efforts will lead to quicker and better results and will allow you to get on your feet faster.
3-3. Work hard and enjoy your career.
Once you have gained a loyal client base and you have firmly built your legal consulting career, do not become complacent. Continue to work hard expanding your business, but make sure you are having fun doing it.
Tips
Start gaining practical experience as early as possible. While having the required degrees and doing well in school is one piece of the puzzle, nothing can replace the value of real world experience.
Create a professional network and do not be shy to reach out to other legal consultants in your community. They were likely in your position at one point or another and they are usually willing to help new professionals looking to break into a consulting career.
Get involved in your community. Volunteering your time in the community is a great way to get introduced to new people and to create connections that may help you get a job you want in the future.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:06",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Obtaining the Necessary Education and Licensure\\n1-1. Earn a bachelor's degree.\\nTo start on the path to becoming a legal consultant, you must first graduate from a four year university with a bachelor's degree. A bachelor's degree is a prerequisite to getting into law school so it is imperative you take this endeavor seriously. Law schools will look at your undergraduate education to see what type of degree you earned and what your overall GPA was.\\nIf you already know you want to be a legal consultant at this early stage, consider majoring in a legally related field like criminal justice, legal studies, or political science. While you are not required to major in any specific field of study, immersing yourself in the legal field as soon as possible may help you in the future.\\nRegardless of your major, try to take courses in government, math, English, history, communications, and economics. These types of classes will help prepare you for law school and the legal consultant career.\\n1-2. Take the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT).\\nOnce you graduate with a bachelor's degree, you will need to take the LSAT in order to build your law school portfolio. The LSAT is a standardized test meant to examine your ability to succeed in law school. It includes five multiple-choice sections testing your reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning.\\nIn order to sign up to take the LSAT, you will go to the Law School Admission Council website. From there, you will click on the \\\"register now\\\" button at the top of the page, create an account, and follow the on screen instructions.\\nThe LSAT scores range from 120 to 180. Depending on the type of law school you are interested in attending, you may need a score of between 150 and 180.\\n1-3. Complete law school.\\nOnce you receive an LSAT score you are pleased with and you have gotten into the law school of your choice, you will need to complete the required curriculum and graduate with a Juris Doctor (J.D.), which is the professional degree you earn upon law school graduation.\\nLaw schools will generally look at your undergraduate GPA, your LSAT score, essays, and letters of recommendation when they consider accepting you to their program.\\nLaw school is usually a three year program unless you decide to graduate early or you decide to pursue other graduate degrees (i.e., a masters in business administration).\\nWhile in law school, your first year will be filled with structured classes in the most common areas of the law such as constitutional law, criminal law, torts, contracts, and property. Your second and third year you will be able to take elective courses chosen based on what your career goals are. For instance, if you are interested in being a legal consultant focusing on corporate law, you may want to take classes in employment law, mergers and acquisitions, and tax law.\\n1-4. Get licensed to practice law in the state of your choice.\\nOnce you have graduated from law school and earned your J.D., if you are interested in practicing law in order to gain valuable legal experience prior to entering the legal consulting field, you will need to get licensed to practice law in the state you plan on working in. While it is not always a requirement to be licensed to practice law in order to be a legal consultant, most employers will look for attorney experience when hiring qualified legal consultants. In order to get licensed, you will usually have to:\\nTake and pass your state's bar exam. The bar exam is a two or three day test examining your understanding of basic legal concepts. It is designed to ensure you have the minimum qualifications necessary to practice law in your state. In order to sign up for your state's bar exam, visit your state's bar website. For example, to sign up in California, you would go here.\\nPass the Multistate Professional Responsibility Exam (MPRE). The MPRE is a one day test designed to assess your knowledge of the rules of professional responsibility, which a lawyer must abide by at all times. In order to sign up for and take the MPRE, you must register with the National Conference of Bar Examiners and sign up for the MPRE here.\\nSubmit a moral character application for review. Finally, you will be required to submit a moral character application, which includes personal information about yourself and is designed to ensure your state is only accepting attorney applicants who are upstanding citizens. The application will involve questions about your criminal history, housing history, schooling history, and any other questions your state deems appropriate.\\n2. Accumulating Professional Experience\\n2-1. Work during the summers between your school years.\\nIf you want to be a successful legal consultant, you will need to build your resume with meaningful professional experiences. You should start doing this as early as possible. While it may be difficult to work while you are in school, particularly law school, you should at the very least try to work during your summers.\\nIn law school, there are often opportunities to participate in summer internships or clinics, which usually provide opportunities to do real world legal work while still being in school. For example, in civil practice clinics, you may get an opportunity to help low income clients with their housing disputes and public benefits problems.\\n2-2. Build legal experience.\\nOnce you are licensed to practice law, you should look for entry level legal experience in a field you are passionate about. As of 2012, most employers looking to hire legal consultants were looking for applicants to have a minimum of three years of general legal experience.\\nIf you know what type of legal consultant you would like to be (i.e., corporate, medical, real estate), try to get a legal job in that specific field.\\nEntry level legal jobs are usually associate positions with law firms, law clerk positions with organizations, or law clerk positions with various courts around the United States.\\n2-3. Gain entry level consulting experience.\\nOnce you have some general legal experience under your belt, you may want to look into gaining some entry level consulting experience. A lot of employers hiring legal consultants look for their applicants to have between two and six years of experience in their specific legal consulting field. This step is separate from starting your consulting career because you will need to gain entry level experience prior to becoming a leading legal consultant with an agency or on your own.\\nIn order to gain this consulting experience, start networking early and reach out to community members working in the legal consulting field.\\nOnce you get a consulting interview, be prepared for a rigorous process. Consulting interviews often take place in multiple parts with the first couple of interviews being your general personality interviews. However, once you make it past the first couple of rounds you may find yourself taking part in a group interview where you may be asked to solve a problem with other candidates. In this interview, employers are often looking to see how you work as part of a team and how you handle pressure. Finally, the employer may ask you back for one more interview, often the most intimidating, where they may ask you to solve some sort of consulting problem. In this interview they are looking to see how you can handle yourself under pressure.\\nBe confident going into these interviews. If you have followed the path laid out in this article you will be well prepared for this process.\\n3. Starting Your Professional Consulting Career\\n3-1. Decide whether you want to work independently or as part of a consulting agency or group.\\nOnce you have gained between two and six years of entry level legal consulting experience, you should begin to think about breaking into your dream legal consulting job. The first step in this process will be to decide whether you want to work with a consulting agency or on your own.\\nIf you are interested in being a part of a consulting team, look for legal consulting jobs online and through your network. Reach out to people you know in the field and ask if they know of any availabilities. Send resumes to agencies you find online, even if they do not currently have any openings. Try looking at indeed or SimplyHired for possible job postings.\\nIf you are interested in starting your own legal consulting practice, you will need to create a business plan, market your business, and gain a valuable client pool. Follow the steps below in order to start the process.\\n3-2. Create a business plan.\\nA business plan is a written description of a business's future, including information on your goals and how you plan to reach them. When you are creating your business plan for your legal consulting business, be sure to identify the services you want to provide and develop a plan to market those services to your ideal clients.\\nFor instance, if you are planning on being a legal consultant focusing on human resources, you will want to tailor your marketing efforts and reach out to local and national organizations that attract human resources specialists. Understanding where to focus your efforts will lead to quicker and better results and will allow you to get on your feet faster.\\n3-3. Work hard and enjoy your career.\\nOnce you have gained a loyal client base and you have firmly built your legal consulting career, do not become complacent. Continue to work hard expanding your business, but make sure you are having fun doing it.\\nTips\\nStart gaining practical experience as early as possible. While having the required degrees and doing well in school is one piece of the puzzle, nothing can replace the value of real world experience.\\nCreate a professional network and do not be shy to reach out to other legal consultants in your community. They were likely in your position at one point or another and they are usually willing to help new professionals looking to break into a consulting career.\\nGet involved in your community. Volunteering your time in the community is a great way to get introduced to new people and to create connections that may help you get a job you want in the future.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A legal consultant is someone who provides expert and professional legal advice on a contractual basis to businesses and/or individuals. Legal consultants can provide advice on a number of important matters depending on what their consulting focus is, and common subject matters include corporate law, real estate law, employment law, and medical law. In order to become a legal consultant, you will need to obtain the proper education, accumulate relevant professional experience, and find a job in the consulting world. In order to successfully traverse this path, follow the directions below and you will be well on your way.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtaining the Necessary Education and Licensure\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn a bachelor's degree.\", \"描述\": \"To start on the path to becoming a legal consultant, you must first graduate from a four year university with a bachelor's degree. A bachelor's degree is a prerequisite to getting into law school so it is imperative you take this endeavor seriously. Law schools will look at your undergraduate education to see what type of degree you earned and what your overall GPA was.\\nIf you already know you want to be a legal consultant at this early stage, consider majoring in a legally related field like criminal justice, legal studies, or political science. While you are not required to major in any specific field of study, immersing yourself in the legal field as soon as possible may help you in the future.\\nRegardless of your major, try to take courses in government, math, English, history, communications, and economics. These types of classes will help prepare you for law school and the legal consultant career.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT).\", \"描述\": \"Once you graduate with a bachelor's degree, you will need to take the LSAT in order to build your law school portfolio. The LSAT is a standardized test meant to examine your ability to succeed in law school. It includes five multiple-choice sections testing your reading comprehension, analytical reasoning, and logical reasoning.\\nIn order to sign up to take the LSAT, you will go to the Law School Admission Council website. From there, you will click on the \\\"register now\\\" button at the top of the page, create an account, and follow the on screen instructions.\\nThe LSAT scores range from 120 to 180. Depending on the type of law school you are interested in attending, you may need a score of between 150 and 180.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete law school.\", \"描述\": \"Once you receive an LSAT score you are pleased with and you have gotten into the law school of your choice, you will need to complete the required curriculum and graduate with a Juris Doctor (J.D.), which is the professional degree you earn upon law school graduation.\\nLaw schools will generally look at your undergraduate GPA, your LSAT score, essays, and letters of recommendation when they consider accepting you to their program.\\nLaw school is usually a three year program unless you decide to graduate early or you decide to pursue other graduate degrees (i.e., a masters in business administration).\\nWhile in law school, your first year will be filled with structured classes in the most common areas of the law such as constitutional law, criminal law, torts, contracts, and property. Your second and third year you will be able to take elective courses chosen based on what your career goals are. For instance, if you are interested in being a legal consultant focusing on corporate law, you may want to take classes in employment law, mergers and acquisitions, and tax law.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get licensed to practice law in the state of your choice.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have graduated from law school and earned your J.D., if you are interested in practicing law in order to gain valuable legal experience prior to entering the legal consulting field, you will need to get licensed to practice law in the state you plan on working in. While it is not always a requirement to be licensed to practice law in order to be a legal consultant, most employers will look for attorney experience when hiring qualified legal consultants. In order to get licensed, you will usually have to:\\nTake and pass your state's bar exam. The bar exam is a two or three day test examining your understanding of basic legal concepts. It is designed to ensure you have the minimum qualifications necessary to practice law in your state. In order to sign up for your state's bar exam, visit your state's bar website. For example, to sign up in California, you would go here.\\nPass the Multistate Professional Responsibility Exam (MPRE). The MPRE is a one day test designed to assess your knowledge of the rules of professional responsibility, which a lawyer must abide by at all times. In order to sign up for and take the MPRE, you must register with the National Conference of Bar Examiners and sign up for the MPRE here.\\nSubmit a moral character application for review. Finally, you will be required to submit a moral character application, which includes personal information about yourself and is designed to ensure your state is only accepting attorney applicants who are upstanding citizens. The application will involve questions about your criminal history, housing history, schooling history, and any other questions your state deems appropriate.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Accumulating Professional Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work during the summers between your school years.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be a successful legal consultant, you will need to build your resume with meaningful professional experiences. You should start doing this as early as possible. While it may be difficult to work while you are in school, particularly law school, you should at the very least try to work during your summers.\\nIn law school, there are often opportunities to participate in summer internships or clinics, which usually provide opportunities to do real world legal work while still being in school. For example, in civil practice clinics, you may get an opportunity to help low income clients with their housing disputes and public benefits problems.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Build legal experience.\", \"描述\": \"Once you are licensed to practice law, you should look for entry level legal experience in a field you are passionate about. As of 2012, most employers looking to hire legal consultants were looking for applicants to have a minimum of three years of general legal experience.\\nIf you know what type of legal consultant you would like to be (i.e., corporate, medical, real estate), try to get a legal job in that specific field.\\nEntry level legal jobs are usually associate positions with law firms, law clerk positions with organizations, or law clerk positions with various courts around the United States.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Gain entry level consulting experience.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have some general legal experience under your belt, you may want to look into gaining some entry level consulting experience. A lot of employers hiring legal consultants look for their applicants to have between two and six years of experience in their specific legal consulting field. This step is separate from starting your consulting career because you will need to gain entry level experience prior to becoming a leading legal consultant with an agency or on your own.\\nIn order to gain this consulting experience, start networking early and reach out to community members working in the legal consulting field.\\nOnce you get a consulting interview, be prepared for a rigorous process. Consulting interviews often take place in multiple parts with the first couple of interviews being your general personality interviews. However, once you make it past the first couple of rounds you may find yourself taking part in a group interview where you may be asked to solve a problem with other candidates. In this interview, employers are often looking to see how you work as part of a team and how you handle pressure. Finally, the employer may ask you back for one more interview, often the most intimidating, where they may ask you to solve some sort of consulting problem. In this interview they are looking to see how you can handle yourself under pressure.\\nBe confident going into these interviews. If you have followed the path laid out in this article you will be well prepared for this process.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Starting Your Professional Consulting Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide whether you want to work independently or as part of a consulting agency or group.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have gained between two and six years of entry level legal consulting experience, you should begin to think about breaking into your dream legal consulting job. The first step in this process will be to decide whether you want to work with a consulting agency or on your own.\\nIf you are interested in being a part of a consulting team, look for legal consulting jobs online and through your network. Reach out to people you know in the field and ask if they know of any availabilities. Send resumes to agencies you find online, even if they do not currently have any openings. Try looking at indeed or SimplyHired for possible job postings.\\nIf you are interested in starting your own legal consulting practice, you will need to create a business plan, market your business, and gain a valuable client pool. Follow the steps below in order to start the process.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create a business plan.\", \"描述\": \"A business plan is a written description of a business's future, including information on your goals and how you plan to reach them. When you are creating your business plan for your legal consulting business, be sure to identify the services you want to provide and develop a plan to market those services to your ideal clients.\\nFor instance, if you are planning on being a legal consultant focusing on human resources, you will want to tailor your marketing efforts and reach out to local and national organizations that attract human resources specialists. Understanding where to focus your efforts will lead to quicker and better results and will allow you to get on your feet faster.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work hard and enjoy your career.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have gained a loyal client base and you have firmly built your legal consulting career, do not become complacent. Continue to work hard expanding your business, but make sure you are having fun doing it.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Start gaining practical experience as early as possible. While having the required degrees and doing well in school is one piece of the puzzle, nothing can replace the value of real world experience.\\n\", \"Create a professional network and do not be shy to reach out to other legal consultants in your community. They were likely in your position at one point or another and they are usually willing to help new professionals looking to break into a consulting career.\\n\", \"Get involved in your community. Volunteering your time in the community is a great way to get introduced to new people and to create connections that may help you get a job you want in the future.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,481 |
How to Become a Legal Journalist
|
1. Getting the Right Education
1-1. Get an undergraduate degree in journalism.
While a degree in journalism is not required in order to become a successful journalist, pursuing journalism as an undergraduate degree can make your entry into the journalism profession easier. Some journalists can be successful without having earned a degree in journalism; though this is the case, having such a degree may facilitate a successful career.
Consider doing a double major in journalism and another field if your university offers such a double major. Consider choosing something “wildly different” from journalism in order to diversify yourself. For aspiring legal journalists, the most appropriate second major would be a law-related field.
If you are studying at a university that offers law as an undergraduate degree (e.g. most universities in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), then pursue law and journalism as dual degrees if offered by your university.
If you are studying at a university in the United States, where law is a graduate level degree, then consider doing a ‘pre-law’ or ‘legal studies’ program if your university offers one along with your journalism degree. Note that while some believe that pre-law programs are not the best preparation for law school, you may not necessarily be intending to go to law school, and doing a pre-law program may be a good way to complement your journalism degree on your way to becoming a legal journalist.
1-2. Attend law school.
Consider going to law school if you want to be a legal journalist. Again, you do not need a law degree to become a legal journalist but having one can certainly help. Journalism requires coming up with new ideas, synthesizing existing ideas, and communicating those ideas effectively verbally and in writing. A degree in law can be excellent preparation for acquiring those skills. Importantly, if your goal is to be a legal journalist, then having specialist legal knowledge acquired in law school can help you immensely. There are numerous examples of well known journalists, such as Jeff Greenfield, Geraldo Rivera, and Cynthia McFadden, who attended law school before embarking on a career in legal journalism.
If you are studying law as an undergraduate degree, as most people do in Australia, India, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, then doing your undergraduate degree in law can also lead to a career in legal journalism. The Solicitor’s Journal’s Emily Bater, for example, studied law as an undergraduate degree at Cardiff University and chose a career in legal journalism without having studied journalism.
Attending law school in the United States first requires completing an undergraduate degree. This degree can be in any field. You may choose not to study journalism as an undergraduate and then attend law school and still become a legal journalist.
Note that attending law school in the United States is particularly costly, and the most well-paid jobs after law school tend to be in legal practice rather than journalism. You may not necessarily earn a salary commensurate with the market value of your law degree if you choose a career outside legal practice. It is perhaps for this reason that journalism, for law graduates, is an “alternative” career.
Some U.S. law schools offer joint degree programs in journalism with their law degree. UC Berkeley, for example, offers a masters degree in journalism as a joint degree along with its law degree. Check if your law school offers a joint degree with the journalism school at your university.
1-3. Attend graduate school.
You may not have a background in either law or journalism and do not wish to attend law school. If so, consider doing a master’s degree in journalism or legal studies (or both). These are not required to become a legal journalist but can help you in much the same way that a law degree or an undergraduate journalism degree can in becoming a legal journalist.
Yale, for example, offers a Master of Studies in Law program for non-lawyers who wish “to obtain a basic familiarity with legal thought and to explore the relation of law to their disciplines.”
Many of the leading journalism schools across universities in the U.S. offer graduate degrees in journalism. Note that graduate school in journalism can be expensive, so consider carefully whether you need a graduate degree to achieve your ultimate goal of becoming a legal journalist.
1-4. Enroll in a continuing education or certificate program.
If you are at a stage in your career where attending school full-time is not an option, you may consider the option of taking a continuing education course in law or journalism (or both) on a part-time basis or enrolling in a certificate program or other non-degree program. Although these are not required in order to become a legal journalist, they offer a cost-effective and accelerated route to acquiring the education that can help you become a legal journalist.
Loyola Law School, for example, offers a three-day fellowship known as “Journalist Law School” to enable journalists with at least three years of journalism experience to learn about reporting on legal matters without a law degree. At the end of the fellowship, fellows receive a certificate of completion.
If you do not have a background in journalism, you may boost your resume by enrolling in a continuing education program in journalism. Doing so can give you an insight into the field of journalism that may be useful if you do not have a journalism background. Columbia University, for example, offers a variety of continuing education programs in journalism.
2. Gaining the Right Experience
2-1. Start off with an internship.
While you can certainly make a mid-career switch to journalism, starting early would be a better idea because “the earlier you start and succeed, the higher you’re likely to rise.” For an aspiring legal journalist, this means getting an internship that offers legal journalism experience early on in your career if possible. Getting an internship is also a good way to build a portfolio, meet people in the field, and make contacts, all of which could prove significant for finding permanent employment. Some of these internships may be unpaid, so you have to be willing to do them for the experience alone.
2-2. Do freelancing work.
Consider doing freelancing work, which should help you hone your writing and research skills and provide evidence of journalism experience on your resume. This could mean, for example, writing for your school paper while you are in college.
2-3. Read the work of other legal journalists.
Reading the work of experienced legal journalists should help you understand what type of work you are expected to produce. This should also help you stay abreast with current legal events, which should in turn help you contribute to the debate surrounding the particular issue you are reading about if you are currently working as a journalist or writing a legal blog.
2-4. Find work as a legal contributor or analyst.
If you are an established authority in the legal field or have extensive legal knowledge and experience, you may be able to find work as a legal analyst for a television news network or be able to write articles as a legal contributor for print media. This type of work may lead to a full-time position as a legal journalist, but you may not be looking to become a full-time legal journalist after all. Working as a part-time legal analyst or contributor for a news source may be exactly what you want and will offer you valuable legal journalism experience. Note that for this type of job, your views would be sought after because of the expert legal knowledge that you would bring to bear on a news report, so having such knowledge would be crucial to landing a position of this sort.
2-5. Write a blog on legal issues.
In recent years, blogging has become a method of disseminating one’s ideas online to a wide audience in a quick and cost-efficient manner. Blogging may not be regarded as the same as journalism by some commentators, but blogging is also regarded by others as a useful training ground for journalists, and some commentators do not regard the differences between the two as significant. Begin writing a blog on legal matters, and your ideas may reach a wide audience fairly easily and efficiently. Make sure the content of your blog is professional and thoroughly researched so that you make an impact on your audience through the quality of your work.
3. Knowing the Right People
3-1. Build relationships.
Journalism, in many ways, is “a relationship business.” Invest time in building relationships with mentors and colleagues, who may help you down the line in finding work as a legal journalist.
3-2. Stay in touch with classmates.
Keep in touch with your peers with whom you attended college or law school. If you studied journalism as an undergraduate, many of your peers may be working in the journalism industry and may help you find work. Alternatively, you may have attended law school with someone who is now working as a legal journalist, and maintaining contact with that individual can also lead to a job.
3-3. Stay in touch with your journalism professors.
If you studied journalism at university, maintain contact with your journalism professors after you graduate. Many of them work in the industry and can help you find a job or put you in touch with the right people.
3-4. Learn to build relationships with sources.
In addition to helping you find a job, it is also important to know how to foster relationships with your human sources once you are actually working as a journalist. Journalism is about relating stories to the world, and often the most appealing source of information for a journalist is a human source. Having a good relationship with your sources “make you better at your job.”
3-5. Build and maintain an online presence.
Use social media (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) to disseminate your work and maintain a professional online presence. If you write a legal blog, you can share links to your blog through your Twitter and Facebook pages. Having an online presence helps you reach out to others who are well-established in the field, and they may be in the position to offer you a job if you impress them with your work.
3-6. Seek the advice of experienced legal journalists.
Every legal journalist is bound to have a unique story, so try seeking the advice of someone you know who works in the journalism industry. This may offer you an insight into how to enter the legal journalism profession. If someone you know personally does not work in the industry, reach out by email or social media to well known legal journalists, whose email and social media account information is generally readily available on the web. Most of them should be happy to offer advice to someone aspiring to follow the same career path as them.
4. Choosing Your Work Schedule
4-1. Choose a work schedule.
Journalism offers opportunities to work on a variety of work schedules. If you already have the credentials to be a legal journalist, decide whether you want to work full-time or part-time as an employee of a media organization or only do freelancing work as and when your schedule permits.
4-2. Begin by working part-time.
You may be a practicing lawyer who wants to keep your full-time job and be a legal journalist only on a part-time basis. If you are a legal academic, you may want to keep your full-time job while appearing on Television or writing in print media on news stories that require your legal expertise on a part-time basis. Beginning as a part-time legal journalist can help you acquire a flavor of the industry and decide if legal journalism is the right job for you while continuing to work in your existing career.
4-3. Transition into full-time work.
If you like the idea of being a full-time legal journalist after having gained exposure to the industry on a part-time basis, apply for full-time positions. An example of a well-known journalist who made the transition from being a practicing lawyer to a full-time journalist for Salon.com and the Guardian newspaper is Glenn Greenwald.
You can find job listings for both full-time and freelancing work in journalism by clicking here.
You should also use the connections made with former professors and others within the industry to find jobs that are not necessarily listed on the internet.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:06",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Right Education\\n1-1. Get an undergraduate degree in journalism.\\nWhile a degree in journalism is not required in order to become a successful journalist, pursuing journalism as an undergraduate degree can make your entry into the journalism profession easier. Some journalists can be successful without having earned a degree in journalism; though this is the case, having such a degree may facilitate a successful career.\\nConsider doing a double major in journalism and another field if your university offers such a double major. Consider choosing something “wildly different” from journalism in order to diversify yourself. For aspiring legal journalists, the most appropriate second major would be a law-related field.\\nIf you are studying at a university that offers law as an undergraduate degree (e.g. most universities in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), then pursue law and journalism as dual degrees if offered by your university.\\nIf you are studying at a university in the United States, where law is a graduate level degree, then consider doing a ‘pre-law’ or ‘legal studies’ program if your university offers one along with your journalism degree. Note that while some believe that pre-law programs are not the best preparation for law school, you may not necessarily be intending to go to law school, and doing a pre-law program may be a good way to complement your journalism degree on your way to becoming a legal journalist.\\n1-2. Attend law school.\\nConsider going to law school if you want to be a legal journalist. Again, you do not need a law degree to become a legal journalist but having one can certainly help. Journalism requires coming up with new ideas, synthesizing existing ideas, and communicating those ideas effectively verbally and in writing. A degree in law can be excellent preparation for acquiring those skills. Importantly, if your goal is to be a legal journalist, then having specialist legal knowledge acquired in law school can help you immensely. There are numerous examples of well known journalists, such as Jeff Greenfield, Geraldo Rivera, and Cynthia McFadden, who attended law school before embarking on a career in legal journalism.\\nIf you are studying law as an undergraduate degree, as most people do in Australia, India, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, then doing your undergraduate degree in law can also lead to a career in legal journalism. The Solicitor’s Journal’s Emily Bater, for example, studied law as an undergraduate degree at Cardiff University and chose a career in legal journalism without having studied journalism.\\nAttending law school in the United States first requires completing an undergraduate degree. This degree can be in any field. You may choose not to study journalism as an undergraduate and then attend law school and still become a legal journalist.\\nNote that attending law school in the United States is particularly costly, and the most well-paid jobs after law school tend to be in legal practice rather than journalism. You may not necessarily earn a salary commensurate with the market value of your law degree if you choose a career outside legal practice. It is perhaps for this reason that journalism, for law graduates, is an “alternative” career.\\nSome U.S. law schools offer joint degree programs in journalism with their law degree. UC Berkeley, for example, offers a masters degree in journalism as a joint degree along with its law degree. Check if your law school offers a joint degree with the journalism school at your university.\\n1-3. Attend graduate school.\\nYou may not have a background in either law or journalism and do not wish to attend law school. If so, consider doing a master’s degree in journalism or legal studies (or both). These are not required to become a legal journalist but can help you in much the same way that a law degree or an undergraduate journalism degree can in becoming a legal journalist.\\nYale, for example, offers a Master of Studies in Law program for non-lawyers who wish “to obtain a basic familiarity with legal thought and to explore the relation of law to their disciplines.”\\nMany of the leading journalism schools across universities in the U.S. offer graduate degrees in journalism. Note that graduate school in journalism can be expensive, so consider carefully whether you need a graduate degree to achieve your ultimate goal of becoming a legal journalist.\\n1-4. Enroll in a continuing education or certificate program.\\nIf you are at a stage in your career where attending school full-time is not an option, you may consider the option of taking a continuing education course in law or journalism (or both) on a part-time basis or enrolling in a certificate program or other non-degree program. Although these are not required in order to become a legal journalist, they offer a cost-effective and accelerated route to acquiring the education that can help you become a legal journalist.\\nLoyola Law School, for example, offers a three-day fellowship known as “Journalist Law School” to enable journalists with at least three years of journalism experience to learn about reporting on legal matters without a law degree. At the end of the fellowship, fellows receive a certificate of completion.\\nIf you do not have a background in journalism, you may boost your resume by enrolling in a continuing education program in journalism. Doing so can give you an insight into the field of journalism that may be useful if you do not have a journalism background. Columbia University, for example, offers a variety of continuing education programs in journalism.\\n2. Gaining the Right Experience\\n2-1. Start off with an internship.\\nWhile you can certainly make a mid-career switch to journalism, starting early would be a better idea because “the earlier you start and succeed, the higher you’re likely to rise.” For an aspiring legal journalist, this means getting an internship that offers legal journalism experience early on in your career if possible. Getting an internship is also a good way to build a portfolio, meet people in the field, and make contacts, all of which could prove significant for finding permanent employment. Some of these internships may be unpaid, so you have to be willing to do them for the experience alone.\\n2-2. Do freelancing work.\\nConsider doing freelancing work, which should help you hone your writing and research skills and provide evidence of journalism experience on your resume. This could mean, for example, writing for your school paper while you are in college.\\n2-3. Read the work of other legal journalists.\\nReading the work of experienced legal journalists should help you understand what type of work you are expected to produce. This should also help you stay abreast with current legal events, which should in turn help you contribute to the debate surrounding the particular issue you are reading about if you are currently working as a journalist or writing a legal blog.\\n2-4. Find work as a legal contributor or analyst.\\nIf you are an established authority in the legal field or have extensive legal knowledge and experience, you may be able to find work as a legal analyst for a television news network or be able to write articles as a legal contributor for print media. This type of work may lead to a full-time position as a legal journalist, but you may not be looking to become a full-time legal journalist after all. Working as a part-time legal analyst or contributor for a news source may be exactly what you want and will offer you valuable legal journalism experience. Note that for this type of job, your views would be sought after because of the expert legal knowledge that you would bring to bear on a news report, so having such knowledge would be crucial to landing a position of this sort.\\n2-5. Write a blog on legal issues.\\nIn recent years, blogging has become a method of disseminating one’s ideas online to a wide audience in a quick and cost-efficient manner. Blogging may not be regarded as the same as journalism by some commentators, but blogging is also regarded by others as a useful training ground for journalists, and some commentators do not regard the differences between the two as significant. Begin writing a blog on legal matters, and your ideas may reach a wide audience fairly easily and efficiently. Make sure the content of your blog is professional and thoroughly researched so that you make an impact on your audience through the quality of your work.\\n3. Knowing the Right People\\n3-1. Build relationships.\\nJournalism, in many ways, is “a relationship business.” Invest time in building relationships with mentors and colleagues, who may help you down the line in finding work as a legal journalist.\\n3-2. Stay in touch with classmates.\\nKeep in touch with your peers with whom you attended college or law school. If you studied journalism as an undergraduate, many of your peers may be working in the journalism industry and may help you find work. Alternatively, you may have attended law school with someone who is now working as a legal journalist, and maintaining contact with that individual can also lead to a job.\\n3-3. Stay in touch with your journalism professors.\\nIf you studied journalism at university, maintain contact with your journalism professors after you graduate. Many of them work in the industry and can help you find a job or put you in touch with the right people.\\n3-4. Learn to build relationships with sources.\\nIn addition to helping you find a job, it is also important to know how to foster relationships with your human sources once you are actually working as a journalist. Journalism is about relating stories to the world, and often the most appealing source of information for a journalist is a human source. Having a good relationship with your sources “make you better at your job.”\\n3-5. Build and maintain an online presence.\\nUse social media (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) to disseminate your work and maintain a professional online presence. If you write a legal blog, you can share links to your blog through your Twitter and Facebook pages. Having an online presence helps you reach out to others who are well-established in the field, and they may be in the position to offer you a job if you impress them with your work.\\n3-6. Seek the advice of experienced legal journalists.\\nEvery legal journalist is bound to have a unique story, so try seeking the advice of someone you know who works in the journalism industry. This may offer you an insight into how to enter the legal journalism profession. If someone you know personally does not work in the industry, reach out by email or social media to well known legal journalists, whose email and social media account information is generally readily available on the web. Most of them should be happy to offer advice to someone aspiring to follow the same career path as them.\\n4. Choosing Your Work Schedule\\n4-1. Choose a work schedule.\\nJournalism offers opportunities to work on a variety of work schedules. If you already have the credentials to be a legal journalist, decide whether you want to work full-time or part-time as an employee of a media organization or only do freelancing work as and when your schedule permits.\\n4-2. Begin by working part-time.\\nYou may be a practicing lawyer who wants to keep your full-time job and be a legal journalist only on a part-time basis. If you are a legal academic, you may want to keep your full-time job while appearing on Television or writing in print media on news stories that require your legal expertise on a part-time basis. Beginning as a part-time legal journalist can help you acquire a flavor of the industry and decide if legal journalism is the right job for you while continuing to work in your existing career.\\n4-3. Transition into full-time work.\\nIf you like the idea of being a full-time legal journalist after having gained exposure to the industry on a part-time basis, apply for full-time positions. An example of a well-known journalist who made the transition from being a practicing lawyer to a full-time journalist for Salon.com and the Guardian newspaper is Glenn Greenwald.\\nYou can find job listings for both full-time and freelancing work in journalism by clicking here.\\nYou should also use the connections made with former professors and others within the industry to find jobs that are not necessarily listed on the internet.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Legal journalists are much like journalists in general, but with a focus specifically on reporting on matters pertaining to the law. It's an especially good choice if you're interested in pursuing a career in the media after obtaining a law degree, although there are other paths to becoming a legal correspondent if you don't have a legal degree. Keep reading for more tips on how to get started in a media law career!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Right Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get an undergraduate degree in journalism.\", \"描述\": \"While a degree in journalism is not required in order to become a successful journalist, pursuing journalism as an undergraduate degree can make your entry into the journalism profession easier. Some journalists can be successful without having earned a degree in journalism; though this is the case, having such a degree may facilitate a successful career.\\nConsider doing a double major in journalism and another field if your university offers such a double major. Consider choosing something “wildly different” from journalism in order to diversify yourself. For aspiring legal journalists, the most appropriate second major would be a law-related field.\\nIf you are studying at a university that offers law as an undergraduate degree (e.g. most universities in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), then pursue law and journalism as dual degrees if offered by your university.\\nIf you are studying at a university in the United States, where law is a graduate level degree, then consider doing a ‘pre-law’ or ‘legal studies’ program if your university offers one along with your journalism degree. Note that while some believe that pre-law programs are not the best preparation for law school, you may not necessarily be intending to go to law school, and doing a pre-law program may be a good way to complement your journalism degree on your way to becoming a legal journalist.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attend law school.\", \"描述\": \"Consider going to law school if you want to be a legal journalist. Again, you do not need a law degree to become a legal journalist but having one can certainly help. Journalism requires coming up with new ideas, synthesizing existing ideas, and communicating those ideas effectively verbally and in writing. A degree in law can be excellent preparation for acquiring those skills. Importantly, if your goal is to be a legal journalist, then having specialist legal knowledge acquired in law school can help you immensely. There are numerous examples of well known journalists, such as Jeff Greenfield, Geraldo Rivera, and Cynthia McFadden, who attended law school before embarking on a career in legal journalism.\\nIf you are studying law as an undergraduate degree, as most people do in Australia, India, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, then doing your undergraduate degree in law can also lead to a career in legal journalism. The Solicitor’s Journal’s Emily Bater, for example, studied law as an undergraduate degree at Cardiff University and chose a career in legal journalism without having studied journalism.\\nAttending law school in the United States first requires completing an undergraduate degree. This degree can be in any field. You may choose not to study journalism as an undergraduate and then attend law school and still become a legal journalist.\\nNote that attending law school in the United States is particularly costly, and the most well-paid jobs after law school tend to be in legal practice rather than journalism. You may not necessarily earn a salary commensurate with the market value of your law degree if you choose a career outside legal practice. It is perhaps for this reason that journalism, for law graduates, is an “alternative” career.\\nSome U.S. law schools offer joint degree programs in journalism with their law degree. UC Berkeley, for example, offers a masters degree in journalism as a joint degree along with its law degree. Check if your law school offers a joint degree with the journalism school at your university.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend graduate school.\", \"描述\": \"You may not have a background in either law or journalism and do not wish to attend law school. If so, consider doing a master’s degree in journalism or legal studies (or both). These are not required to become a legal journalist but can help you in much the same way that a law degree or an undergraduate journalism degree can in becoming a legal journalist.\\nYale, for example, offers a Master of Studies in Law program for non-lawyers who wish “to obtain a basic familiarity with legal thought and to explore the relation of law to their disciplines.”\\nMany of the leading journalism schools across universities in the U.S. offer graduate degrees in journalism. Note that graduate school in journalism can be expensive, so consider carefully whether you need a graduate degree to achieve your ultimate goal of becoming a legal journalist.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a continuing education or certificate program.\", \"描述\": \"If you are at a stage in your career where attending school full-time is not an option, you may consider the option of taking a continuing education course in law or journalism (or both) on a part-time basis or enrolling in a certificate program or other non-degree program. Although these are not required in order to become a legal journalist, they offer a cost-effective and accelerated route to acquiring the education that can help you become a legal journalist.\\nLoyola Law School, for example, offers a three-day fellowship known as “Journalist Law School” to enable journalists with at least three years of journalism experience to learn about reporting on legal matters without a law degree. At the end of the fellowship, fellows receive a certificate of completion.\\nIf you do not have a background in journalism, you may boost your resume by enrolling in a continuing education program in journalism. Doing so can give you an insight into the field of journalism that may be useful if you do not have a journalism background. Columbia University, for example, offers a variety of continuing education programs in journalism.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining the Right Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start off with an internship.\", \"描述\": \"While you can certainly make a mid-career switch to journalism, starting early would be a better idea because “the earlier you start and succeed, the higher you’re likely to rise.” For an aspiring legal journalist, this means getting an internship that offers legal journalism experience early on in your career if possible. Getting an internship is also a good way to build a portfolio, meet people in the field, and make contacts, all of which could prove significant for finding permanent employment. Some of these internships may be unpaid, so you have to be willing to do them for the experience alone.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do freelancing work.\", \"描述\": \"Consider doing freelancing work, which should help you hone your writing and research skills and provide evidence of journalism experience on your resume. This could mean, for example, writing for your school paper while you are in college.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Read the work of other legal journalists.\", \"描述\": \"Reading the work of experienced legal journalists should help you understand what type of work you are expected to produce. This should also help you stay abreast with current legal events, which should in turn help you contribute to the debate surrounding the particular issue you are reading about if you are currently working as a journalist or writing a legal blog.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find work as a legal contributor or analyst.\", \"描述\": \"If you are an established authority in the legal field or have extensive legal knowledge and experience, you may be able to find work as a legal analyst for a television news network or be able to write articles as a legal contributor for print media. This type of work may lead to a full-time position as a legal journalist, but you may not be looking to become a full-time legal journalist after all. Working as a part-time legal analyst or contributor for a news source may be exactly what you want and will offer you valuable legal journalism experience. Note that for this type of job, your views would be sought after because of the expert legal knowledge that you would bring to bear on a news report, so having such knowledge would be crucial to landing a position of this sort.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write a blog on legal issues.\", \"描述\": \"In recent years, blogging has become a method of disseminating one’s ideas online to a wide audience in a quick and cost-efficient manner. Blogging may not be regarded as the same as journalism by some commentators, but blogging is also regarded by others as a useful training ground for journalists, and some commentators do not regard the differences between the two as significant. Begin writing a blog on legal matters, and your ideas may reach a wide audience fairly easily and efficiently. Make sure the content of your blog is professional and thoroughly researched so that you make an impact on your audience through the quality of your work.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Knowing the Right People\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Build relationships.\", \"描述\": \"Journalism, in many ways, is “a relationship business.” Invest time in building relationships with mentors and colleagues, who may help you down the line in finding work as a legal journalist.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stay in touch with classmates.\", \"描述\": \"Keep in touch with your peers with whom you attended college or law school. If you studied journalism as an undergraduate, many of your peers may be working in the journalism industry and may help you find work. Alternatively, you may have attended law school with someone who is now working as a legal journalist, and maintaining contact with that individual can also lead to a job.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stay in touch with your journalism professors.\", \"描述\": \"If you studied journalism at university, maintain contact with your journalism professors after you graduate. Many of them work in the industry and can help you find a job or put you in touch with the right people.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn to build relationships with sources.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to helping you find a job, it is also important to know how to foster relationships with your human sources once you are actually working as a journalist. Journalism is about relating stories to the world, and often the most appealing source of information for a journalist is a human source. Having a good relationship with your sources “make you better at your job.”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Build and maintain an online presence.\", \"描述\": \"Use social media (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) to disseminate your work and maintain a professional online presence. If you write a legal blog, you can share links to your blog through your Twitter and Facebook pages. Having an online presence helps you reach out to others who are well-established in the field, and they may be in the position to offer you a job if you impress them with your work.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Seek the advice of experienced legal journalists.\", \"描述\": \"Every legal journalist is bound to have a unique story, so try seeking the advice of someone you know who works in the journalism industry. This may offer you an insight into how to enter the legal journalism profession. If someone you know personally does not work in the industry, reach out by email or social media to well known legal journalists, whose email and social media account information is generally readily available on the web. Most of them should be happy to offer advice to someone aspiring to follow the same career path as them.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Choosing Your Work Schedule\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a work schedule.\", \"描述\": \"Journalism offers opportunities to work on a variety of work schedules. If you already have the credentials to be a legal journalist, decide whether you want to work full-time or part-time as an employee of a media organization or only do freelancing work as and when your schedule permits.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Begin by working part-time.\", \"描述\": \"You may be a practicing lawyer who wants to keep your full-time job and be a legal journalist only on a part-time basis. If you are a legal academic, you may want to keep your full-time job while appearing on Television or writing in print media on news stories that require your legal expertise on a part-time basis. Beginning as a part-time legal journalist can help you acquire a flavor of the industry and decide if legal journalism is the right job for you while continuing to work in your existing career.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Transition into full-time work.\", \"描述\": \"If you like the idea of being a full-time legal journalist after having gained exposure to the industry on a part-time basis, apply for full-time positions. An example of a well-known journalist who made the transition from being a practicing lawyer to a full-time journalist for Salon.com and the Guardian newspaper is Glenn Greenwald.\\nYou can find job listings for both full-time and freelancing work in journalism by clicking here.\\nYou should also use the connections made with former professors and others within the industry to find jobs that are not necessarily listed on the internet.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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How to Become a Legal Permanent Resident of the United States
|
1. Determining Your Eligibility
1-1. Determine if you are eligible by having a family member sponsor you.
One of the most common forms of eligibility are sponsorships from a family member. If you have a family member who is a U.S. citizen or legal permanent U.S. resident and is at least 21-years-old, you may be eligible to apply. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) defines family member as:
The spouse of a U.S. citizen or legal resident
The unmarried child of a U.S. citizen or legal resident
The married child of a U.S. citizen
The parent of a U.S. citizen or legal resident
The brother or sister of a U.S. citizen
The fiancé of a U.S. citizen (under special immigration admission)
The widow or widower of a U.S. citizen
1-2. Seek sponsorship through your employer.
Some employers are willing to sponsor an immigrant for permanent residency. This is required if you possess an exceptional skill or ability that is not commonly found in the general working population. You must do a test with the labor market to illustrate that there are no available individuals for the job in the US, which is why you'd be eligible for a green card.
Preference is typically given to immigrant workers that have extraordinary abilities in the sciences, art, education, business, or athletics, exceptional researchers and professors, and multinational managers.
Secondary preference is given to those whose profession requires an advanced degree, those who have exceptional abilities in the arts, sciences, or business, and those who are seeking a national interest waiver.
Third preference is given if you are a skilled worker, professional, or other worker. Skilled workers require 2 years of training or experience, while professionals must hold a U.S. baccalaureate degree or an equivalent, plus work in the field. Other workers may be unskilled but are not temporary or seasonal employees.
Physicians who agree to work full-time in clinical practices in a designated underserved area for a set period of time may also apply under the Physician National Interest Waiver.
Immigrant investors who are actively in the process of investing at least $1 million in non-rural areas or $500,000 in a rural area in new commercial enterprises in the U.S. which will create at least 10 full-time positions for qualifying employees may also be eligible for employment sponsorship.
1-3. Check to see if you qualify as a special immigrant.
Certain categories of immigrants may qualify for special immigrant status. Those employed as religious workers or international broadcasters, and those employed by an international organization or NATO-6 may qualify for this status. Additionally, the following groups may qualify:
Afghanistan or Iraqi nationals who worked as a translator for the U.S. government, who were employed by the U.S. government in Iraq for at least 1 year, or who were employed by the International Security Assistance Force.
Family members of people employed by an international organization or NATO-6.
Children who have been abused, abandoned, or neglected by their parent(s), and who qualify for Special Immigrant Juvenile (SIJ) status.
1-4. Qualify for legal residency through extraordinary circumstances.
There are a number of legal resident qualifications that may apply if you experienced harsh or extraordinary circumstances in your homeland or upon your entry into the U.S. You may qualify for legal residency status under these terms if:
You were granted asylum for refugee status at least 1 year ago.
You are the victim of human trafficking or another crime and have a T or U nonimmigrant visa.
You are the abused spouse, child, or parent of a U.S. citizen, or lawful permanent resident.
You have resided continuously in the U.S. since before January 1, 1972.
You meet any of the terms outlined for sponsorship under non-common circumstances as outlined by USCIS.
2. Applying for Lawful Permanent Resident Status
2-1. Meet with an immigration attorney.
Prior to filing for lawful permanent resident status, you may want to meet with a U.S. Immigration Attorney. They can not only help make sure you are completely eligible, they can also help you prepare your forms and documents and assist with any complications that may arise.
You can check U.S. Justice Department's List of Pro Bono Legal Service Providers to see if there are attorneys or legal resources in your area to help you prepare for your immigration filings free of charge.
Hiring an immigration attorney is optional, but the law is complicated so their service is very essential if you want to increase your chances of becoming a legal permanent resident.
2-2. Have your sponsor file your immigrant petition.
If someone, such as a relative or your employer, is sponsoring your immigration, they will need to file an immigrant petition for you. If you qualify to file for yourself, you need to file your petition. The exact petition and documentation you need will depend on how you qualify for lawful permanent resident status. All forms are available from the USCIS website.
If you are unsure what forms you need, talk to your immigration attorney or an immigration services office in your area. You may also be able to receive advice over-the-phone if you cannot get to an office.
If you already have an approved immigrant petition and visa, you may just need to file the I-485 application form.
2-3. Fill out Form I-485 and submit it to USCIS.
Form I-485 - Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status is essentially the application form for your green card. The form is about 18 pages in length and requires you to provide details about yourself, your family, your employment, and your eligibility.
Once fully completed, the form will need to be submitted to the correct office. The office you will submit to depends on how you qualify for your status. Check the USCIS website to find the correct filing address for your eligibility category: https://www.uscis.gov/i-485-addresses.
2-4. Pay the filing fee.
You will need to submit your filing fee along with your I-485. You may submit a check along with your application, or pay online using a credit card. The fee structure for filing your I-485 is:
$750 for children under 14 filing with the I-485 of at least 1 parent
$1,140 for children under 14 not filing with at least 1 parent
$1,225 for those age 14-78
$1,140 for those age 79 and older
$0 for those admitted to the U.S. as a refugee
2-5. Schedule your biometrics services appointment.
After you file your application, USCIS will help you schedule a biometrics services appointment at a local Application Support Center. Show up to your local center at the date and time listed on your appointment notice to provide biometrics including your fingerprints, photograph, and/or signature.
These appointments will help USCIS confirm your identity and run background and security checks.
If USCIS requests an appointment, be sure to bring your appointment notice and a valid form of photo ID.
2-6. Attend your Green Card interview.
After your petition and application have been processed along with all background and security checks, you will be scheduled for an interview with someone from USCIS. The nature of the interview will vary somewhat depending on your application and qualifying circumstances. In general, it is important to be honest, polite, and calm throughout your interview.
If any part of your application or status changes between when you file your application and your interview, be prepared to address that change and provide all necessary evidence.
If you are not confident in your spoken English abilities and cannot arrange an interview with someone who speaks your native language, arrange to have someone you trust with you help with translation issues.
2-7. Avoid traveling abroad while your application is pending.
In many cases, you will be restricted from traveling outside of the U.S. while your lawful permanent resident application is pending. If you do need to leave the country for any reason, you may need to apply for an advance parole document prior to leaving the country.
3. Staying Compliant After Your Application is Approved
3-1. Carry your Green Card with you at all times.
Once you become a lawful permanent resident of the U.S., you are advised to carry your Green Card with you at all times. This serves as your proof that you are authorized to live and work in the U.S. It also functions as a photo ID, much like a driver's license or passport.
3-2. Do not travel outside of the U.S.
for more than 12 months at a time. Remaining outside of the U.S. for more than 12 months could result in the loss of lawful permanent resident status. If you need to be outside of the U.S. for longer than 12 months, you may need to apply for a re-entry permit prior to leaving the country.
3-3. Renew your Green Card 6 months prior to expiration.
Green cards typically expire every 10 years. Plan to begin your green card renewal process 6 months prior to when your green card's expiration date.
If you have a conditional green card, such as one based on a spouse or family member, you can apply to have the condition removed after 2 years.
Tips
Even if you qualify in one of the approved categories, such as being an immediate family member or having an employer sponsor, it is very important that you check to see if you have a permanent bar or require a waiver. Individuals with a permanent bar cannot apply, even with a waiver. If they do apply, they are revealing themselves to the government and could be subjected to deportation.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:07",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Determining Your Eligibility\\n1-1. Determine if you are eligible by having a family member sponsor you.\\nOne of the most common forms of eligibility are sponsorships from a family member. If you have a family member who is a U.S. citizen or legal permanent U.S. resident and is at least 21-years-old, you may be eligible to apply. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) defines family member as:\\nThe spouse of a U.S. citizen or legal resident\\nThe unmarried child of a U.S. citizen or legal resident\\nThe married child of a U.S. citizen\\nThe parent of a U.S. citizen or legal resident\\nThe brother or sister of a U.S. citizen\\nThe fiancé of a U.S. citizen (under special immigration admission)\\nThe widow or widower of a U.S. citizen\\n1-2. Seek sponsorship through your employer.\\nSome employers are willing to sponsor an immigrant for permanent residency. This is required if you possess an exceptional skill or ability that is not commonly found in the general working population. You must do a test with the labor market to illustrate that there are no available individuals for the job in the US, which is why you'd be eligible for a green card.\\nPreference is typically given to immigrant workers that have extraordinary abilities in the sciences, art, education, business, or athletics, exceptional researchers and professors, and multinational managers.\\nSecondary preference is given to those whose profession requires an advanced degree, those who have exceptional abilities in the arts, sciences, or business, and those who are seeking a national interest waiver.\\nThird preference is given if you are a skilled worker, professional, or other worker. Skilled workers require 2 years of training or experience, while professionals must hold a U.S. baccalaureate degree or an equivalent, plus work in the field. Other workers may be unskilled but are not temporary or seasonal employees.\\nPhysicians who agree to work full-time in clinical practices in a designated underserved area for a set period of time may also apply under the Physician National Interest Waiver.\\nImmigrant investors who are actively in the process of investing at least $1 million in non-rural areas or $500,000 in a rural area in new commercial enterprises in the U.S. which will create at least 10 full-time positions for qualifying employees may also be eligible for employment sponsorship.\\n1-3. Check to see if you qualify as a special immigrant.\\nCertain categories of immigrants may qualify for special immigrant status. Those employed as religious workers or international broadcasters, and those employed by an international organization or NATO-6 may qualify for this status. Additionally, the following groups may qualify:\\nAfghanistan or Iraqi nationals who worked as a translator for the U.S. government, who were employed by the U.S. government in Iraq for at least 1 year, or who were employed by the International Security Assistance Force.\\nFamily members of people employed by an international organization or NATO-6.\\nChildren who have been abused, abandoned, or neglected by their parent(s), and who qualify for Special Immigrant Juvenile (SIJ) status.\\n1-4. Qualify for legal residency through extraordinary circumstances.\\nThere are a number of legal resident qualifications that may apply if you experienced harsh or extraordinary circumstances in your homeland or upon your entry into the U.S. You may qualify for legal residency status under these terms if:\\nYou were granted asylum for refugee status at least 1 year ago.\\nYou are the victim of human trafficking or another crime and have a T or U nonimmigrant visa.\\nYou are the abused spouse, child, or parent of a U.S. citizen, or lawful permanent resident.\\nYou have resided continuously in the U.S. since before January 1, 1972.\\nYou meet any of the terms outlined for sponsorship under non-common circumstances as outlined by USCIS.\\n2. Applying for Lawful Permanent Resident Status\\n2-1. Meet with an immigration attorney.\\nPrior to filing for lawful permanent resident status, you may want to meet with a U.S. Immigration Attorney. They can not only help make sure you are completely eligible, they can also help you prepare your forms and documents and assist with any complications that may arise.\\nYou can check U.S. Justice Department's List of Pro Bono Legal Service Providers to see if there are attorneys or legal resources in your area to help you prepare for your immigration filings free of charge.\\nHiring an immigration attorney is optional, but the law is complicated so their service is very essential if you want to increase your chances of becoming a legal permanent resident.\\n2-2. Have your sponsor file your immigrant petition.\\nIf someone, such as a relative or your employer, is sponsoring your immigration, they will need to file an immigrant petition for you. If you qualify to file for yourself, you need to file your petition. The exact petition and documentation you need will depend on how you qualify for lawful permanent resident status. All forms are available from the USCIS website.\\nIf you are unsure what forms you need, talk to your immigration attorney or an immigration services office in your area. You may also be able to receive advice over-the-phone if you cannot get to an office.\\nIf you already have an approved immigrant petition and visa, you may just need to file the I-485 application form.\\n2-3. Fill out Form I-485 and submit it to USCIS.\\nForm I-485 - Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status is essentially the application form for your green card. The form is about 18 pages in length and requires you to provide details about yourself, your family, your employment, and your eligibility.\\nOnce fully completed, the form will need to be submitted to the correct office. The office you will submit to depends on how you qualify for your status. Check the USCIS website to find the correct filing address for your eligibility category: https://www.uscis.gov/i-485-addresses.\\n2-4. Pay the filing fee.\\nYou will need to submit your filing fee along with your I-485. You may submit a check along with your application, or pay online using a credit card. The fee structure for filing your I-485 is:\\n$750 for children under 14 filing with the I-485 of at least 1 parent\\n$1,140 for children under 14 not filing with at least 1 parent\\n$1,225 for those age 14-78\\n$1,140 for those age 79 and older\\n$0 for those admitted to the U.S. as a refugee\\n2-5. Schedule your biometrics services appointment.\\nAfter you file your application, USCIS will help you schedule a biometrics services appointment at a local Application Support Center. Show up to your local center at the date and time listed on your appointment notice to provide biometrics including your fingerprints, photograph, and/or signature.\\nThese appointments will help USCIS confirm your identity and run background and security checks.\\nIf USCIS requests an appointment, be sure to bring your appointment notice and a valid form of photo ID.\\n2-6. Attend your Green Card interview.\\nAfter your petition and application have been processed along with all background and security checks, you will be scheduled for an interview with someone from USCIS. The nature of the interview will vary somewhat depending on your application and qualifying circumstances. In general, it is important to be honest, polite, and calm throughout your interview.\\nIf any part of your application or status changes between when you file your application and your interview, be prepared to address that change and provide all necessary evidence.\\nIf you are not confident in your spoken English abilities and cannot arrange an interview with someone who speaks your native language, arrange to have someone you trust with you help with translation issues.\\n2-7. Avoid traveling abroad while your application is pending.\\nIn many cases, you will be restricted from traveling outside of the U.S. while your lawful permanent resident application is pending. If you do need to leave the country for any reason, you may need to apply for an advance parole document prior to leaving the country.\\n3. Staying Compliant After Your Application is Approved\\n3-1. Carry your Green Card with you at all times.\\nOnce you become a lawful permanent resident of the U.S., you are advised to carry your Green Card with you at all times. This serves as your proof that you are authorized to live and work in the U.S. It also functions as a photo ID, much like a driver's license or passport.\\n3-2. Do not travel outside of the U.S.\\nfor more than 12 months at a time. Remaining outside of the U.S. for more than 12 months could result in the loss of lawful permanent resident status. If you need to be outside of the U.S. for longer than 12 months, you may need to apply for a re-entry permit prior to leaving the country.\\n3-3. Renew your Green Card 6 months prior to expiration.\\nGreen cards typically expire every 10 years. Plan to begin your green card renewal process 6 months prior to when your green card's expiration date.\\nIf you have a conditional green card, such as one based on a spouse or family member, you can apply to have the condition removed after 2 years.\\nTips\\nEven if you qualify in one of the approved categories, such as being an immediate family member or having an employer sponsor, it is very important that you check to see if you have a permanent bar or require a waiver. Individuals with a permanent bar cannot apply, even with a waiver. If they do apply, they are revealing themselves to the government and could be subjected to deportation.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a legal permanent resident of the United States is a lengthy bureaucratic process. Once you determine your eligibility, you will need to find someone who can sponsor your application. Then, you and your sponsor will have to provide substantial evidence of your status, employment, or relationship. The process of becoming a legal permanent resident will generally take at least a year from the date you start filing, but successful applicants will finish the process with their Green Card, which grants permanent legal residence.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determining Your Eligibility\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine if you are eligible by having a family member sponsor you.\", \"描述\": \"One of the most common forms of eligibility are sponsorships from a family member. If you have a family member who is a U.S. citizen or legal permanent U.S. resident and is at least 21-years-old, you may be eligible to apply. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) defines family member as:\\nThe spouse of a U.S. citizen or legal resident\\nThe unmarried child of a U.S. citizen or legal resident\\nThe married child of a U.S. citizen\\nThe parent of a U.S. citizen or legal resident\\nThe brother or sister of a U.S. citizen\\nThe fiancé of a U.S. citizen (under special immigration admission)\\nThe widow or widower of a U.S. citizen\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Seek sponsorship through your employer.\", \"描述\": \"Some employers are willing to sponsor an immigrant for permanent residency. This is required if you possess an exceptional skill or ability that is not commonly found in the general working population. You must do a test with the labor market to illustrate that there are no available individuals for the job in the US, which is why you'd be eligible for a green card.\\nPreference is typically given to immigrant workers that have extraordinary abilities in the sciences, art, education, business, or athletics, exceptional researchers and professors, and multinational managers.\\nSecondary preference is given to those whose profession requires an advanced degree, those who have exceptional abilities in the arts, sciences, or business, and those who are seeking a national interest waiver.\\nThird preference is given if you are a skilled worker, professional, or other worker. Skilled workers require 2 years of training or experience, while professionals must hold a U.S. baccalaureate degree or an equivalent, plus work in the field. Other workers may be unskilled but are not temporary or seasonal employees.\\nPhysicians who agree to work full-time in clinical practices in a designated underserved area for a set period of time may also apply under the Physician National Interest Waiver.\\nImmigrant investors who are actively in the process of investing at least $1 million in non-rural areas or $500,000 in a rural area in new commercial enterprises in the U.S. which will create at least 10 full-time positions for qualifying employees may also be eligible for employment sponsorship.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check to see if you qualify as a special immigrant.\", \"描述\": \"Certain categories of immigrants may qualify for special immigrant status. Those employed as religious workers or international broadcasters, and those employed by an international organization or NATO-6 may qualify for this status. Additionally, the following groups may qualify:\\nAfghanistan or Iraqi nationals who worked as a translator for the U.S. government, who were employed by the U.S. government in Iraq for at least 1 year, or who were employed by the International Security Assistance Force.\\nFamily members of people employed by an international organization or NATO-6.\\nChildren who have been abused, abandoned, or neglected by their parent(s), and who qualify for Special Immigrant Juvenile (SIJ) status.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Qualify for legal residency through extraordinary circumstances.\", \"描述\": \"There are a number of legal resident qualifications that may apply if you experienced harsh or extraordinary circumstances in your homeland or upon your entry into the U.S. You may qualify for legal residency status under these terms if:\\nYou were granted asylum for refugee status at least 1 year ago.\\nYou are the victim of human trafficking or another crime and have a T or U nonimmigrant visa.\\nYou are the abused spouse, child, or parent of a U.S. citizen, or lawful permanent resident.\\nYou have resided continuously in the U.S. since before January 1, 1972.\\nYou meet any of the terms outlined for sponsorship under non-common circumstances as outlined by USCIS.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Applying for Lawful Permanent Resident Status\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet with an immigration attorney.\", \"描述\": \"Prior to filing for lawful permanent resident status, you may want to meet with a U.S. Immigration Attorney. They can not only help make sure you are completely eligible, they can also help you prepare your forms and documents and assist with any complications that may arise.\\nYou can check U.S. Justice Department's List of Pro Bono Legal Service Providers to see if there are attorneys or legal resources in your area to help you prepare for your immigration filings free of charge.\\nHiring an immigration attorney is optional, but the law is complicated so their service is very essential if you want to increase your chances of becoming a legal permanent resident.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have your sponsor file your immigrant petition.\", \"描述\": \"If someone, such as a relative or your employer, is sponsoring your immigration, they will need to file an immigrant petition for you. If you qualify to file for yourself, you need to file your petition. The exact petition and documentation you need will depend on how you qualify for lawful permanent resident status. All forms are available from the USCIS website.\\nIf you are unsure what forms you need, talk to your immigration attorney or an immigration services office in your area. You may also be able to receive advice over-the-phone if you cannot get to an office.\\nIf you already have an approved immigrant petition and visa, you may just need to file the I-485 application form.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Fill out Form I-485 and submit it to USCIS.\", \"描述\": \"Form I-485 - Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status is essentially the application form for your green card. The form is about 18 pages in length and requires you to provide details about yourself, your family, your employment, and your eligibility.\\nOnce fully completed, the form will need to be submitted to the correct office. The office you will submit to depends on how you qualify for your status. Check the USCIS website to find the correct filing address for your eligibility category: https://www.uscis.gov/i-485-addresses.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pay the filing fee.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to submit your filing fee along with your I-485. You may submit a check along with your application, or pay online using a credit card. The fee structure for filing your I-485 is:\\n$750 for children under 14 filing with the I-485 of at least 1 parent\\n$1,140 for children under 14 not filing with at least 1 parent\\n$1,225 for those age 14-78\\n$1,140 for those age 79 and older\\n$0 for those admitted to the U.S. as a refugee\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Schedule your biometrics services appointment.\", \"描述\": \"After you file your application, USCIS will help you schedule a biometrics services appointment at a local Application Support Center. Show up to your local center at the date and time listed on your appointment notice to provide biometrics including your fingerprints, photograph, and/or signature.\\nThese appointments will help USCIS confirm your identity and run background and security checks.\\nIf USCIS requests an appointment, be sure to bring your appointment notice and a valid form of photo ID.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Attend your Green Card interview.\", \"描述\": \"After your petition and application have been processed along with all background and security checks, you will be scheduled for an interview with someone from USCIS. The nature of the interview will vary somewhat depending on your application and qualifying circumstances. In general, it is important to be honest, polite, and calm throughout your interview.\\nIf any part of your application or status changes between when you file your application and your interview, be prepared to address that change and provide all necessary evidence.\\nIf you are not confident in your spoken English abilities and cannot arrange an interview with someone who speaks your native language, arrange to have someone you trust with you help with translation issues.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Avoid traveling abroad while your application is pending.\", \"描述\": \"In many cases, you will be restricted from traveling outside of the U.S. while your lawful permanent resident application is pending. If you do need to leave the country for any reason, you may need to apply for an advance parole document prior to leaving the country.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Staying Compliant After Your Application is Approved\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Carry your Green Card with you at all times.\", \"描述\": \"Once you become a lawful permanent resident of the U.S., you are advised to carry your Green Card with you at all times. This serves as your proof that you are authorized to live and work in the U.S. It also functions as a photo ID, much like a driver's license or passport.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do not travel outside of the U.S.\", \"描述\": \"for more than 12 months at a time. Remaining outside of the U.S. for more than 12 months could result in the loss of lawful permanent resident status. If you need to be outside of the U.S. for longer than 12 months, you may need to apply for a re-entry permit prior to leaving the country.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Renew your Green Card 6 months prior to expiration.\", \"描述\": \"Green cards typically expire every 10 years. Plan to begin your green card renewal process 6 months prior to when your green card's expiration date.\\nIf you have a conditional green card, such as one based on a spouse or family member, you can apply to have the condition removed after 2 years.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Even if you qualify in one of the approved categories, such as being an immediate family member or having an employer sponsor, it is very important that you check to see if you have a permanent bar or require a waiver. Individuals with a permanent bar cannot apply, even with a waiver. If they do apply, they are revealing themselves to the government and could be subjected to deportation.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,483 |
How to Become a Legal Resident of Texas
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1. Getting a Driver’s License or State ID Card
1-1. Move to Texas.
To become a Texas resident one must first establish a home in any town in Texas. This entails buying or renting property and subsequently receiving mail at that address.
If you do not have a license from another state, you will need to prove that you have been in the state for 30 days before you can get an ID. If you do have a license from another state, you can bring it in and switch it out for a Texas ID less than 30 days after arrival.
1-2. Collect your residency documents.
You will need to show the Department of Motor Vehicles that you do live in Texas. This is done by bringing specific documents to one of their offices, all of which need to have your name and Texas address on them. You will need to bring two of these documents:
Deed, mortgage, or rental documents
Unexpired Texas voter registration card
Texas registration or title for a motor vehicle
Texas registration or title for a boat
License to carry a concealed handgun
Current utility statement: an electric, water, natural gas, satellite TV, cable TV, or home phone bill. It needs to be dated within 90 days of the date you apply.
Selective Service card
Medical or health card
Current homeowner’s or renter’s insurance policy or homeowner’s or renter’s insurance statement
Current automobile insurance policy or an automobile insurance statement
Texas high school, college or university report card or transcript for the current school year
W-2 or 1099 tax form from the current tax year
Statements from a financial institution: including checking, savings, investment account, or credit card statements dated within 90 days of the date of application
Mail from a federal, state, county or city government agency dated within 90 days of the date of application
Automobile payment booklet that is current
Paycheck or payment stub dated within 90 days of the date of application
Documents issued by the U.S. military indicating residence address
Document from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice indicating the applicant's recent release or parole
Current Form DS2019, I-20, or a document issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
1-3. Complete a driver's license or ID application.
All residents must procure a Texas state driver's license or ID card within 90 days of moving to Texas. This can be done at any office of the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV).
One must complete an application for a Texas driver's license or Texas ID card and pay the required fee.
A minor will need a parent or legal guardian to sign their application for a driver's license. That parent or guardian will need to attest that the answers on the minor's application are true.
1-4. Pass necessary tests to get a driver's license.
If you want a driver's license, as opposed to an ID, you will need to prove that you know how to drive. This can be done by showing that you have a valid driver's license in another state or by passing a driving and written test at the DMV. In addition, all new licenses require an eye exam.
If moving to Texas with a valid out-of state or out-of country driver's license, you will need to bring this document with you to the DMV. This will be proof of license and thus the written and driving license exam will be waived. However, a vision exam will still be required.
When you get your new Texas license, you will need to turn in your existing license from another state. If you do not wish to do that, you can choose to take the written and driving test in Texas, in which case they do not need your old license.
If you would like to transfer an endorsement, such as a motorcycle endorsement, you will need to fill out an additional form. You will also need to pass a motorcycle safety course and pay an additional fee for the endorsement.
If your license happens to get lost or is stolen, you can simply get your Texas driver's license replaced.
2. Establishing Residency for Voting
2-1. Be a United States citizen.
Those wishing to become Texas residents in order to vote must first be citizens of the U.S. This can be done through natural birth within U.S. borders, birth abroad to U.S. parents, or naturalization. Naturalization is a process in which a citizen of another country becomes a citizen of the U.S. Whatever your path to citizenship, you will need documentation of your citizenship, whether that be a birth certificate or a certificate of naturalization.
Becoming a U.S. citizen can take some time. Naturalization requires 5 years of legal residence in the U.S., followed by an application process and a naturalization test. The test consists of questions on English, U.S. history, and civics.
However, there is a strict limit on the number of people who can be permanent residents (those with green cards) and who can become citizens each year, so just because you want to apply and take the test does not mean you will be allowed to.
If you're married to a U.S. citizen, you can qualify after 3 years of legal residence.
2-2. Have identification.
While you do not need to show your ID to anyone to register to vote, the registration form asks for an driver's license or ID number and you will be required to show a form of ID when you actually go to vote. The forms of identification that are accepted at voting locations include:
Texas driver license
Texas election identification certificate
Texas identification card
Texas license to carry permit
United States military identification card
United States citizenship certificate
US passport
2-3. Register to vote.
Pick up a voter registration application from any polling place or state office. Fill out the form and mail it in 30 days before a scheduled election.
On the application you will be asked your name, address, driver's license or ID number, if you are a U.S. Citizen, and various other identifying information, such as your date of birth.
While voting is voluntary and not required to be a resident of Texas, it is something that only a resident can do.
3. Becoming Eligible for In-State Tuition
3-1. Be a legal resident for one year.
If you are an adult, you must live in Texas for a full year, 12 months consecutively, to be counted as a Texas resident in the eyes of universities. In order to establish the start of this year, get utility bills in your name, just as you would to get your driver's license or ID from the state of Texas. This will prove that you have established a domicile in Texas on that date.
If you have lived in Texas for longer than a year then you are already a resident in the eyes of the university system of Texas.
3-2. Establish residency differently if you are a dependent.
Dependents, meaning someone who is still financially supported by their parents or guardians, can prove residency in ways other than a year of living and working in Texas. The ways to prove the residency of a dependent include:
Graduate from a Texas high school in the year before you intend to attend a Texas university. You need to have been enrolled in that school for the three years prior to graduation for your graduation to establish residency.
Be claimed on your parent's income tax as a dependent, if they themselves are residents of Texas. This means that they need to have been working in Texas for the year before you intend to begin college. Conversely, be sure you are not claimed as a dependent if they live outside the state of Texas and you reside within.
3-3. Show your proof of residency to the registrar at the university you are applying to.
Follow that institutions instructions for proving your residency in a timely manner, in other words before your school year begins. Your residency status has a huge impact on the amount of tuition that you are required to pay to go to college, so you don't want any unforeseen problems arising at the last moment.
4. Establishing Residency for Tax or Legal Purposes
4-1. Move to Texas.
Many people may want to move to Texas because the state charges no income tax. There are also other legal reasons to establish residency in Texas, such as to get a divorce. In order to benefit from these tax and legal incentives, you need to be a resident of the state first.
Texas is one of the few states in the country that divides assets and debts equally between spouses during a divorce. The is called a "community property" standard.
4-2. Change your address of record immediately.
This means changing the address on your driver's license, car registration, voter registration, and mailing address as soon as you can. Some of these address changes will require documentation, such as mail proving your address, and some should be done before others. Usually, it's best to change your mailing address first, including on bills, so that you get mail at your new address that makes changing the others easier.
Changing your address of record quickly will help you to establish when you became a resident. For issues that require you to have been in the state for a set amount of time, this will begin that amount of time.
4-3. Live in the state for six months, if you are seeking a divorce.
In order to get a divorce in Texas, you need to have resided in the state for six months. Additionally, you need to file in a county that you, or your spouse, has lived in for at least ninety days, so don't move from county to county often.
If you are in the armed forces, any time serving outside of Texas if you were already a resident is still counted as Texas residency for the six month residency requirement.
If the person you are trying to divorce has lived in Texas for the last six months but you have not, you can still file for divorce there. You just need to file for divorce in the county they reside in.
4-4. Calculate taxes based on when and where you earned income.
The date you moved to Texas may have an impact on your taxes, as long as your income is generated in Texas as well. However, if you earned money in another state, you will need to pay taxes on it, whether you are a Texas resident or not.
If you live in Texas but work across the border, you will need to pay non-resident taxes in the state you work in.
The lack of income taxes in Texas is made up for in high property and sales taxes. So, if you have a lot of income, moving to Texas for tax purposes may be worth it. However, if the amount you would pay in income taxes elsewhere is less than you would pay in property and sales taxes, then lack of income tax might not be a good reason to move to Texas.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:07",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting a Driver’s License or State ID Card\\n1-1. Move to Texas.\\nTo become a Texas resident one must first establish a home in any town in Texas. This entails buying or renting property and subsequently receiving mail at that address.\\nIf you do not have a license from another state, you will need to prove that you have been in the state for 30 days before you can get an ID. If you do have a license from another state, you can bring it in and switch it out for a Texas ID less than 30 days after arrival.\\n1-2. Collect your residency documents.\\nYou will need to show the Department of Motor Vehicles that you do live in Texas. This is done by bringing specific documents to one of their offices, all of which need to have your name and Texas address on them. You will need to bring two of these documents: \\nDeed, mortgage, or rental documents\\nUnexpired Texas voter registration card\\nTexas registration or title for a motor vehicle\\nTexas registration or title for a boat\\nLicense to carry a concealed handgun\\nCurrent utility statement: an electric, water, natural gas, satellite TV, cable TV, or home phone bill. It needs to be dated within 90 days of the date you apply.\\nSelective Service card\\nMedical or health card\\nCurrent homeowner’s or renter’s insurance policy or homeowner’s or renter’s insurance statement\\nCurrent automobile insurance policy or an automobile insurance statement\\nTexas high school, college or university report card or transcript for the current school year\\nW-2 or 1099 tax form from the current tax year\\nStatements from a financial institution: including checking, savings, investment account, or credit card statements dated within 90 days of the date of application\\nMail from a federal, state, county or city government agency dated within 90 days of the date of application\\nAutomobile payment booklet that is current\\nPaycheck or payment stub dated within 90 days of the date of application\\nDocuments issued by the U.S. military indicating residence address\\nDocument from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice indicating the applicant's recent release or parole\\nCurrent Form DS2019, I-20, or a document issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services\\n1-3. Complete a driver's license or ID application.\\nAll residents must procure a Texas state driver's license or ID card within 90 days of moving to Texas. This can be done at any office of the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). \\nOne must complete an application for a Texas driver's license or Texas ID card and pay the required fee.\\nA minor will need a parent or legal guardian to sign their application for a driver's license. That parent or guardian will need to attest that the answers on the minor's application are true.\\n1-4. Pass necessary tests to get a driver's license.\\nIf you want a driver's license, as opposed to an ID, you will need to prove that you know how to drive. This can be done by showing that you have a valid driver's license in another state or by passing a driving and written test at the DMV. In addition, all new licenses require an eye exam.\\nIf moving to Texas with a valid out-of state or out-of country driver's license, you will need to bring this document with you to the DMV. This will be proof of license and thus the written and driving license exam will be waived. However, a vision exam will still be required.\\nWhen you get your new Texas license, you will need to turn in your existing license from another state. If you do not wish to do that, you can choose to take the written and driving test in Texas, in which case they do not need your old license.\\nIf you would like to transfer an endorsement, such as a motorcycle endorsement, you will need to fill out an additional form. You will also need to pass a motorcycle safety course and pay an additional fee for the endorsement.\\nIf your license happens to get lost or is stolen, you can simply get your Texas driver's license replaced.\\n2. Establishing Residency for Voting\\n2-1. Be a United States citizen.\\nThose wishing to become Texas residents in order to vote must first be citizens of the U.S. This can be done through natural birth within U.S. borders, birth abroad to U.S. parents, or naturalization. Naturalization is a process in which a citizen of another country becomes a citizen of the U.S. Whatever your path to citizenship, you will need documentation of your citizenship, whether that be a birth certificate or a certificate of naturalization.\\nBecoming a U.S. citizen can take some time. Naturalization requires 5 years of legal residence in the U.S., followed by an application process and a naturalization test. The test consists of questions on English, U.S. history, and civics.\\nHowever, there is a strict limit on the number of people who can be permanent residents (those with green cards) and who can become citizens each year, so just because you want to apply and take the test does not mean you will be allowed to.\\nIf you're married to a U.S. citizen, you can qualify after 3 years of legal residence.\\n2-2. Have identification.\\nWhile you do not need to show your ID to anyone to register to vote, the registration form asks for an driver's license or ID number and you will be required to show a form of ID when you actually go to vote. The forms of identification that are accepted at voting locations include:\\nTexas driver license\\nTexas election identification certificate\\nTexas identification card\\nTexas license to carry permit\\nUnited States military identification card\\nUnited States citizenship certificate\\nUS passport\\n2-3. Register to vote.\\nPick up a voter registration application from any polling place or state office. Fill out the form and mail it in 30 days before a scheduled election.\\nOn the application you will be asked your name, address, driver's license or ID number, if you are a U.S. Citizen, and various other identifying information, such as your date of birth.\\nWhile voting is voluntary and not required to be a resident of Texas, it is something that only a resident can do.\\n3. Becoming Eligible for In-State Tuition\\n3-1. Be a legal resident for one year.\\nIf you are an adult, you must live in Texas for a full year, 12 months consecutively, to be counted as a Texas resident in the eyes of universities. In order to establish the start of this year, get utility bills in your name, just as you would to get your driver's license or ID from the state of Texas. This will prove that you have established a domicile in Texas on that date.\\nIf you have lived in Texas for longer than a year then you are already a resident in the eyes of the university system of Texas.\\n3-2. Establish residency differently if you are a dependent.\\nDependents, meaning someone who is still financially supported by their parents or guardians, can prove residency in ways other than a year of living and working in Texas. The ways to prove the residency of a dependent include:\\nGraduate from a Texas high school in the year before you intend to attend a Texas university. You need to have been enrolled in that school for the three years prior to graduation for your graduation to establish residency.\\nBe claimed on your parent's income tax as a dependent, if they themselves are residents of Texas. This means that they need to have been working in Texas for the year before you intend to begin college. Conversely, be sure you are not claimed as a dependent if they live outside the state of Texas and you reside within.\\n3-3. Show your proof of residency to the registrar at the university you are applying to.\\nFollow that institutions instructions for proving your residency in a timely manner, in other words before your school year begins. Your residency status has a huge impact on the amount of tuition that you are required to pay to go to college, so you don't want any unforeseen problems arising at the last moment.\\n4. Establishing Residency for Tax or Legal Purposes\\n4-1. Move to Texas.\\nMany people may want to move to Texas because the state charges no income tax. There are also other legal reasons to establish residency in Texas, such as to get a divorce. In order to benefit from these tax and legal incentives, you need to be a resident of the state first.\\nTexas is one of the few states in the country that divides assets and debts equally between spouses during a divorce. The is called a \\\"community property\\\" standard.\\n4-2. Change your address of record immediately.\\nThis means changing the address on your driver's license, car registration, voter registration, and mailing address as soon as you can. Some of these address changes will require documentation, such as mail proving your address, and some should be done before others. Usually, it's best to change your mailing address first, including on bills, so that you get mail at your new address that makes changing the others easier. \\nChanging your address of record quickly will help you to establish when you became a resident. For issues that require you to have been in the state for a set amount of time, this will begin that amount of time.\\n4-3. Live in the state for six months, if you are seeking a divorce.\\nIn order to get a divorce in Texas, you need to have resided in the state for six months. Additionally, you need to file in a county that you, or your spouse, has lived in for at least ninety days, so don't move from county to county often.\\nIf you are in the armed forces, any time serving outside of Texas if you were already a resident is still counted as Texas residency for the six month residency requirement.\\nIf the person you are trying to divorce has lived in Texas for the last six months but you have not, you can still file for divorce there. You just need to file for divorce in the county they reside in.\\n4-4. Calculate taxes based on when and where you earned income.\\nThe date you moved to Texas may have an impact on your taxes, as long as your income is generated in Texas as well. However, if you earned money in another state, you will need to pay taxes on it, whether you are a Texas resident or not.\\nIf you live in Texas but work across the border, you will need to pay non-resident taxes in the state you work in.\\nThe lack of income taxes in Texas is made up for in high property and sales taxes. So, if you have a lot of income, moving to Texas for tax purposes may be worth it. However, if the amount you would pay in income taxes elsewhere is less than you would pay in property and sales taxes, then lack of income tax might not be a good reason to move to Texas.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a legal Texas resident is a simple process with numerous rewards. For instance, until you are a legal resident of Texas, you can't vote in local and state elections. Also, being a Texas resident allows you to get an ID or driver's license in the state. Becoming a Texas resident can also be helpful when applying to Texas universities and will save future students pricey out-of-state tuition fees.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting a Driver’s License or State ID Card\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Move to Texas.\", \"描述\": \"To become a Texas resident one must first establish a home in any town in Texas. This entails buying or renting property and subsequently receiving mail at that address.\\nIf you do not have a license from another state, you will need to prove that you have been in the state for 30 days before you can get an ID. If you do have a license from another state, you can bring it in and switch it out for a Texas ID less than 30 days after arrival.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Collect your residency documents.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to show the Department of Motor Vehicles that you do live in Texas. This is done by bringing specific documents to one of their offices, all of which need to have your name and Texas address on them. You will need to bring two of these documents: \\nDeed, mortgage, or rental documents\\nUnexpired Texas voter registration card\\nTexas registration or title for a motor vehicle\\nTexas registration or title for a boat\\nLicense to carry a concealed handgun\\nCurrent utility statement: an electric, water, natural gas, satellite TV, cable TV, or home phone bill. It needs to be dated within 90 days of the date you apply.\\nSelective Service card\\nMedical or health card\\nCurrent homeowner’s or renter’s insurance policy or homeowner’s or renter’s insurance statement\\nCurrent automobile insurance policy or an automobile insurance statement\\nTexas high school, college or university report card or transcript for the current school year\\nW-2 or 1099 tax form from the current tax year\\nStatements from a financial institution: including checking, savings, investment account, or credit card statements dated within 90 days of the date of application\\nMail from a federal, state, county or city government agency dated within 90 days of the date of application\\nAutomobile payment booklet that is current\\nPaycheck or payment stub dated within 90 days of the date of application\\nDocuments issued by the U.S. military indicating residence address\\nDocument from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice indicating the applicant's recent release or parole\\nCurrent Form DS2019, I-20, or a document issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete a driver's license or ID application.\", \"描述\": \"All residents must procure a Texas state driver's license or ID card within 90 days of moving to Texas. This can be done at any office of the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). \\nOne must complete an application for a Texas driver's license or Texas ID card and pay the required fee.\\nA minor will need a parent or legal guardian to sign their application for a driver's license. That parent or guardian will need to attest that the answers on the minor's application are true.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pass necessary tests to get a driver's license.\", \"描述\": \"If you want a driver's license, as opposed to an ID, you will need to prove that you know how to drive. This can be done by showing that you have a valid driver's license in another state or by passing a driving and written test at the DMV. In addition, all new licenses require an eye exam.\\nIf moving to Texas with a valid out-of state or out-of country driver's license, you will need to bring this document with you to the DMV. This will be proof of license and thus the written and driving license exam will be waived. However, a vision exam will still be required.\\nWhen you get your new Texas license, you will need to turn in your existing license from another state. If you do not wish to do that, you can choose to take the written and driving test in Texas, in which case they do not need your old license.\\nIf you would like to transfer an endorsement, such as a motorcycle endorsement, you will need to fill out an additional form. You will also need to pass a motorcycle safety course and pay an additional fee for the endorsement.\\nIf your license happens to get lost or is stolen, you can simply get your Texas driver's license replaced.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Establishing Residency for Voting\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be a United States citizen.\", \"描述\": \"Those wishing to become Texas residents in order to vote must first be citizens of the U.S. This can be done through natural birth within U.S. borders, birth abroad to U.S. parents, or naturalization. Naturalization is a process in which a citizen of another country becomes a citizen of the U.S. Whatever your path to citizenship, you will need documentation of your citizenship, whether that be a birth certificate or a certificate of naturalization.\\nBecoming a U.S. citizen can take some time. Naturalization requires 5 years of legal residence in the U.S., followed by an application process and a naturalization test. The test consists of questions on English, U.S. history, and civics.\\nHowever, there is a strict limit on the number of people who can be permanent residents (those with green cards) and who can become citizens each year, so just because you want to apply and take the test does not mean you will be allowed to.\\nIf you're married to a U.S. citizen, you can qualify after 3 years of legal residence.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have identification.\", \"描述\": \"While you do not need to show your ID to anyone to register to vote, the registration form asks for an driver's license or ID number and you will be required to show a form of ID when you actually go to vote. The forms of identification that are accepted at voting locations include:\\nTexas driver license\\nTexas election identification certificate\\nTexas identification card\\nTexas license to carry permit\\nUnited States military identification card\\nUnited States citizenship certificate\\nUS passport\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Register to vote.\", \"描述\": \"Pick up a voter registration application from any polling place or state office. Fill out the form and mail it in 30 days before a scheduled election.\\nOn the application you will be asked your name, address, driver's license or ID number, if you are a U.S. Citizen, and various other identifying information, such as your date of birth.\\nWhile voting is voluntary and not required to be a resident of Texas, it is something that only a resident can do.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Becoming Eligible for In-State Tuition\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be a legal resident for one year.\", \"描述\": \"If you are an adult, you must live in Texas for a full year, 12 months consecutively, to be counted as a Texas resident in the eyes of universities. In order to establish the start of this year, get utility bills in your name, just as you would to get your driver's license or ID from the state of Texas. This will prove that you have established a domicile in Texas on that date.\\nIf you have lived in Texas for longer than a year then you are already a resident in the eyes of the university system of Texas.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Establish residency differently if you are a dependent.\", \"描述\": \"Dependents, meaning someone who is still financially supported by their parents or guardians, can prove residency in ways other than a year of living and working in Texas. The ways to prove the residency of a dependent include:\\nGraduate from a Texas high school in the year before you intend to attend a Texas university. You need to have been enrolled in that school for the three years prior to graduation for your graduation to establish residency.\\nBe claimed on your parent's income tax as a dependent, if they themselves are residents of Texas. This means that they need to have been working in Texas for the year before you intend to begin college. Conversely, be sure you are not claimed as a dependent if they live outside the state of Texas and you reside within.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Show your proof of residency to the registrar at the university you are applying to.\", \"描述\": \"Follow that institutions instructions for proving your residency in a timely manner, in other words before your school year begins. Your residency status has a huge impact on the amount of tuition that you are required to pay to go to college, so you don't want any unforeseen problems arising at the last moment.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Establishing Residency for Tax or Legal Purposes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Move to Texas.\", \"描述\": \"Many people may want to move to Texas because the state charges no income tax. There are also other legal reasons to establish residency in Texas, such as to get a divorce. In order to benefit from these tax and legal incentives, you need to be a resident of the state first.\\nTexas is one of the few states in the country that divides assets and debts equally between spouses during a divorce. The is called a \\\"community property\\\" standard.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Change your address of record immediately.\", \"描述\": \"This means changing the address on your driver's license, car registration, voter registration, and mailing address as soon as you can. Some of these address changes will require documentation, such as mail proving your address, and some should be done before others. Usually, it's best to change your mailing address first, including on bills, so that you get mail at your new address that makes changing the others easier. \\nChanging your address of record quickly will help you to establish when you became a resident. For issues that require you to have been in the state for a set amount of time, this will begin that amount of time.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Live in the state for six months, if you are seeking a divorce.\", \"描述\": \"In order to get a divorce in Texas, you need to have resided in the state for six months. Additionally, you need to file in a county that you, or your spouse, has lived in for at least ninety days, so don't move from county to county often.\\nIf you are in the armed forces, any time serving outside of Texas if you were already a resident is still counted as Texas residency for the six month residency requirement.\\nIf the person you are trying to divorce has lived in Texas for the last six months but you have not, you can still file for divorce there. You just need to file for divorce in the county they reside in.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Calculate taxes based on when and where you earned income.\", \"描述\": \"The date you moved to Texas may have an impact on your taxes, as long as your income is generated in Texas as well. However, if you earned money in another state, you will need to pay taxes on it, whether you are a Texas resident or not.\\nIf you live in Texas but work across the border, you will need to pay non-resident taxes in the state you work in.\\nThe lack of income taxes in Texas is made up for in high property and sales taxes. So, if you have a lot of income, moving to Texas for tax purposes may be worth it. However, if the amount you would pay in income taxes elsewhere is less than you would pay in property and sales taxes, then lack of income tax might not be a good reason to move to Texas.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,484 |
How to Become a Legal Secretary
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1. Acquiring the Right Qualifications
1-1. Get the proper training.
A high school education or the equivalent is usually all that is required to become a legal secretary. However, to increase your marketability, consider seeking additional training.
Enroll in a legal secretary certificate program.
Enroll in an Associate's Degree program at a community college. Take classes in paralegal studies and secretarial skills.
If time is an issue, try a self-paced, online training course.
1-2. Gain work experience.
Select a secretarial training program that arranges for short term internships with attorneys.
Contact small law firms to ask about internships or short term employment opportunities.
Once you have been placed in a legal office, ask to assist a paralegal. This will provide you with the ideal training to become a legal secretary by teaching you to draft legal documents and file them in court.
If you cannot get training in a law office, look for other opportunities to gain administrative experience.
1-3. Become a notary public.
Though not required for the job, becoming a notary public will help you stand out from other candidates. This is because law offices need notaries on hand to notarize legal documents.
The application process to become a notary varies from state to state, but generally requires that you be at least 18 years of age, a resident of the state and that you complete a notary training program or test.
2. Building Your Skill Set
2-1. Learn to prepare and file court documents.
Legal secretaries are responsible for preparing court forms, filing them in court and serving them on opposing parties.
Become familiar with a variety of legal documents, including briefs, subpoenas, complaints and proofs of service.
Memorize the deadlines for filing court documents. Missing a deadline can be considered a default in favor of the opposition.
Become acquainted with court filing fees.
2-2. Hone your computer skills.
Practice typing. Large law firms usually require a legal secretary to be able to type 65-80 words per minute, while a government entry level job may accept a slightly lower speed (around 45-50 words per minute).
Learn to navigate software programs, such as Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint.
2-3. Improve your writing and grammar.
Legal secretaries are expected to write letters and legal documents from dictated tapes or handwritten notes. They must also proofread documents prepared by attorneys and paralegals.
If you are not confident in basic grammar and spelling, consider taking a writing class.
Study legal terms likely to come up in your job so that you understand them when you are asked to write about them.
2-4. Develop a professional demeanor.
As a legal secretary, you will be expected to regularly interact with clients, attorneys, and co-workers in a professional manner.
Practice expressing yourself clearly and politely.
Buy clothing appropriate for a formal office environment.
2-5. Learn to retrieve court decisions on online legal databases.
Some legal secretaries are expected to retrieve court decisions from online legal databases, like LexisNexis and Westlaw. These websites are subscription-based and expensive to access on an individual basis. However, there may be opportunities, either at your legal secretary course or at an internship, for you to learn the basic search functions of these cites.
When looking up a case, keep in mind that the citation must include the volume, reporter designation and page number.
3. Applying for Jobs
3-1. Choose an area of specialty.
There are many areas of the law in which you could work as a legal secretary. The major distinction is between civil and criminal law, but within civil law there are narrower areas of specialty, including corporate litigation, real estate, contracts, employment. In thinking about which would be the best fit for you, consider your interests and the type of environment in which you would like to work.
If you like the idea of working for the government and for the public interest, you may like working for a District Attorney or Public Defender's Office.
If you like meeting people from other countries, a small immigration firm might be a good fit.
If you are interesting in earning a high salary and do not mind stress, consider working for a corporate law firm.
3-2. Prepare a strong resume.
Tailor your resume to the work done by the particular employer. If, for example, you took a training course in filing documents in criminal court and you are applying for a job with a criminal defense firm or Public Defender's Office, include the course prominently on your resume.
Highlight relevant work experience or, if you have none, draw attention to relevant skills, such as computer and interpersonal skills, and familiarity with legal procedure.
3-3. Contact a temp agency.
Once you know the area of the law in which you would like to work, a temp agency can help place you in available jobs in that field.
Though temp jobs are not ideal in terms of salary or benefits, they are a great way for you gain work experience and network with employers.
3-4. Be strategic in where you look for permanent jobs.
Finding an entry-level job when you do not yet have experience can be challenging. For this reason, it is important that you be strategic in choosing employers more likely to hire brand new legal secretaries.
Target solo practitioners and small firms. Smaller firms, consisting of one or two attorneys, are more likely to accept you with less experience.
Apply for government jobs. Though government jobs pay less than large corporate firms, the provide an excellent opportunity for new legal secretaries to break into the job market.
Warnings
If you are interested in being a legal secretary, you should strongly consider getting a paralegal certificate. The employment prospects for legal secretaries have dimmed as attorneys type their own briefs and other secretarial tasks become automated.[16]
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Research source
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:07",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Acquiring the Right Qualifications\\n1-1. Get the proper training.\\nA high school education or the equivalent is usually all that is required to become a legal secretary. However, to increase your marketability, consider seeking additional training.\\nEnroll in a legal secretary certificate program.\\nEnroll in an Associate's Degree program at a community college. Take classes in paralegal studies and secretarial skills.\\nIf time is an issue, try a self-paced, online training course.\\n1-2. Gain work experience.\\nSelect a secretarial training program that arranges for short term internships with attorneys. \\nContact small law firms to ask about internships or short term employment opportunities.\\nOnce you have been placed in a legal office, ask to assist a paralegal. This will provide you with the ideal training to become a legal secretary by teaching you to draft legal documents and file them in court.\\nIf you cannot get training in a law office, look for other opportunities to gain administrative experience.\\n1-3. Become a notary public.\\nThough not required for the job, becoming a notary public will help you stand out from other candidates. This is because law offices need notaries on hand to notarize legal documents.\\nThe application process to become a notary varies from state to state, but generally requires that you be at least 18 years of age, a resident of the state and that you complete a notary training program or test.\\n2. Building Your Skill Set\\n2-1. Learn to prepare and file court documents.\\nLegal secretaries are responsible for preparing court forms, filing them in court and serving them on opposing parties. \\nBecome familiar with a variety of legal documents, including briefs, subpoenas, complaints and proofs of service.\\nMemorize the deadlines for filing court documents. Missing a deadline can be considered a default in favor of the opposition.\\nBecome acquainted with court filing fees.\\n2-2. Hone your computer skills.\\nPractice typing. Large law firms usually require a legal secretary to be able to type 65-80 words per minute, while a government entry level job may accept a slightly lower speed (around 45-50 words per minute).\\nLearn to navigate software programs, such as Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint.\\n2-3. Improve your writing and grammar.\\nLegal secretaries are expected to write letters and legal documents from dictated tapes or handwritten notes. They must also proofread documents prepared by attorneys and paralegals.\\nIf you are not confident in basic grammar and spelling, consider taking a writing class.\\nStudy legal terms likely to come up in your job so that you understand them when you are asked to write about them.\\n2-4. Develop a professional demeanor.\\nAs a legal secretary, you will be expected to regularly interact with clients, attorneys, and co-workers in a professional manner.\\nPractice expressing yourself clearly and politely.\\nBuy clothing appropriate for a formal office environment.\\n2-5. Learn to retrieve court decisions on online legal databases.\\nSome legal secretaries are expected to retrieve court decisions from online legal databases, like LexisNexis and Westlaw. These websites are subscription-based and expensive to access on an individual basis. However, there may be opportunities, either at your legal secretary course or at an internship, for you to learn the basic search functions of these cites.\\nWhen looking up a case, keep in mind that the citation must include the volume, reporter designation and page number.\\n3. Applying for Jobs\\n3-1. Choose an area of specialty.\\nThere are many areas of the law in which you could work as a legal secretary. The major distinction is between civil and criminal law, but within civil law there are narrower areas of specialty, including corporate litigation, real estate, contracts, employment. In thinking about which would be the best fit for you, consider your interests and the type of environment in which you would like to work.\\nIf you like the idea of working for the government and for the public interest, you may like working for a District Attorney or Public Defender's Office.\\nIf you like meeting people from other countries, a small immigration firm might be a good fit.\\nIf you are interesting in earning a high salary and do not mind stress, consider working for a corporate law firm.\\n3-2. Prepare a strong resume.\\nTailor your resume to the work done by the particular employer. If, for example, you took a training course in filing documents in criminal court and you are applying for a job with a criminal defense firm or Public Defender's Office, include the course prominently on your resume.\\nHighlight relevant work experience or, if you have none, draw attention to relevant skills, such as computer and interpersonal skills, and familiarity with legal procedure.\\n3-3. Contact a temp agency.\\nOnce you know the area of the law in which you would like to work, a temp agency can help place you in available jobs in that field.\\nThough temp jobs are not ideal in terms of salary or benefits, they are a great way for you gain work experience and network with employers.\\n3-4. Be strategic in where you look for permanent jobs.\\nFinding an entry-level job when you do not yet have experience can be challenging. For this reason, it is important that you be strategic in choosing employers more likely to hire brand new legal secretaries.\\nTarget solo practitioners and small firms. Smaller firms, consisting of one or two attorneys, are more likely to accept you with less experience.\\nApply for government jobs. Though government jobs pay less than large corporate firms, the provide an excellent opportunity for new legal secretaries to break into the job market.\\nWarnings\\nIf you are interested in being a legal secretary, you should strongly consider getting a paralegal certificate. The employment prospects for legal secretaries have dimmed as attorneys type their own briefs and other secretarial tasks become automated.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Legal secretaries assist attorneys with a variety of duties, from administrative tasks to the preparation of legal documents. There are many settings in which a legal secretary can work, including law offices and government agencies. Legal secretaries can also specialize in particular areas of the law, such as real estate law, family law and criminal law. To become a legal secretary, one must acquire the right qualifications, including education and work experience, and build relevant skills.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Acquiring the Right Qualifications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get the proper training.\", \"描述\": \"A high school education or the equivalent is usually all that is required to become a legal secretary. However, to increase your marketability, consider seeking additional training.\\nEnroll in a legal secretary certificate program.\\nEnroll in an Associate's Degree program at a community college. Take classes in paralegal studies and secretarial skills.\\nIf time is an issue, try a self-paced, online training course.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gain work experience.\", \"描述\": \"Select a secretarial training program that arranges for short term internships with attorneys. \\nContact small law firms to ask about internships or short term employment opportunities.\\nOnce you have been placed in a legal office, ask to assist a paralegal. This will provide you with the ideal training to become a legal secretary by teaching you to draft legal documents and file them in court.\\nIf you cannot get training in a law office, look for other opportunities to gain administrative experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Become a notary public.\", \"描述\": \"Though not required for the job, becoming a notary public will help you stand out from other candidates. This is because law offices need notaries on hand to notarize legal documents.\\nThe application process to become a notary varies from state to state, but generally requires that you be at least 18 years of age, a resident of the state and that you complete a notary training program or test.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building Your Skill Set\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn to prepare and file court documents.\", \"描述\": \"Legal secretaries are responsible for preparing court forms, filing them in court and serving them on opposing parties. \\nBecome familiar with a variety of legal documents, including briefs, subpoenas, complaints and proofs of service.\\nMemorize the deadlines for filing court documents. Missing a deadline can be considered a default in favor of the opposition.\\nBecome acquainted with court filing fees.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Hone your computer skills.\", \"描述\": \"Practice typing. Large law firms usually require a legal secretary to be able to type 65-80 words per minute, while a government entry level job may accept a slightly lower speed (around 45-50 words per minute).\\nLearn to navigate software programs, such as Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Improve your writing and grammar.\", \"描述\": \"Legal secretaries are expected to write letters and legal documents from dictated tapes or handwritten notes. They must also proofread documents prepared by attorneys and paralegals.\\nIf you are not confident in basic grammar and spelling, consider taking a writing class.\\nStudy legal terms likely to come up in your job so that you understand them when you are asked to write about them.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Develop a professional demeanor.\", \"描述\": \"As a legal secretary, you will be expected to regularly interact with clients, attorneys, and co-workers in a professional manner.\\nPractice expressing yourself clearly and politely.\\nBuy clothing appropriate for a formal office environment.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Learn to retrieve court decisions on online legal databases.\", \"描述\": \"Some legal secretaries are expected to retrieve court decisions from online legal databases, like LexisNexis and Westlaw. These websites are subscription-based and expensive to access on an individual basis. However, there may be opportunities, either at your legal secretary course or at an internship, for you to learn the basic search functions of these cites.\\nWhen looking up a case, keep in mind that the citation must include the volume, reporter designation and page number.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Applying for Jobs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose an area of specialty.\", \"描述\": \"There are many areas of the law in which you could work as a legal secretary. The major distinction is between civil and criminal law, but within civil law there are narrower areas of specialty, including corporate litigation, real estate, contracts, employment. In thinking about which would be the best fit for you, consider your interests and the type of environment in which you would like to work.\\nIf you like the idea of working for the government and for the public interest, you may like working for a District Attorney or Public Defender's Office.\\nIf you like meeting people from other countries, a small immigration firm might be a good fit.\\nIf you are interesting in earning a high salary and do not mind stress, consider working for a corporate law firm.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare a strong resume.\", \"描述\": \"Tailor your resume to the work done by the particular employer. If, for example, you took a training course in filing documents in criminal court and you are applying for a job with a criminal defense firm or Public Defender's Office, include the course prominently on your resume.\\nHighlight relevant work experience or, if you have none, draw attention to relevant skills, such as computer and interpersonal skills, and familiarity with legal procedure.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Contact a temp agency.\", \"描述\": \"Once you know the area of the law in which you would like to work, a temp agency can help place you in available jobs in that field.\\nThough temp jobs are not ideal in terms of salary or benefits, they are a great way for you gain work experience and network with employers.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be strategic in where you look for permanent jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Finding an entry-level job when you do not yet have experience can be challenging. For this reason, it is important that you be strategic in choosing employers more likely to hire brand new legal secretaries.\\nTarget solo practitioners and small firms. Smaller firms, consisting of one or two attorneys, are more likely to accept you with less experience.\\nApply for government jobs. Though government jobs pay less than large corporate firms, the provide an excellent opportunity for new legal secretaries to break into the job market.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"If you are interested in being a legal secretary, you should strongly consider getting a paralegal certificate. The employment prospects for legal secretaries have dimmed as attorneys type their own briefs and other secretarial tasks become automated.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,485 |
How to Become a Legend
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1. Finding a Calling
1-1. Identify your talents.
People remember legends for what they do and the impact they have on lives. What do you do? What are you good at? Try to find your calling in life, your “vocation.” Take a good look at the natural talents you have.
Legends come in all shapes and sizes. Do you make people laugh? Perhaps you've got a calling in comedy. Are you good at lacrosse? Maybe your future lies in sports.
Don't limit your idea of a legend to famous people. Teachers, doctors, religious figures, volunteers, and others live on, too, because of how they shape others' lives.
You might try compiling a list. Think hard and put down skills you have, but also personal qualities. You might be good at math or languages, for instance, but also patient or able to handle stressful situations.
1-2. Consider your values.
Becoming a legend is about a calling – something that you do memorably and like no one else. Something you do because it makes you fulfilled and whole. To find out what your calling is, you should also try to take stock of your values in life.
Values are what we stand for and what guide our decisions. You might value creativity more than making money, for example. Competition could be important. Or, you might want to feel like you're helping society.
Legends usually stand for something. Mother Theresa gave her life to the poor. Michael Jordan made competition his highest value and became a great basketball player. You may have a personal legend in mind who stood for something, too.
Think of two people that you respect. Why do you admire them? What qualities do they have that you want? The answers will reflect your values.
Think as well about a moment in life when you felt really satisfied. What made you feel that way? This, too, will reflect your values.
You might try writing these down alongside your talents. Do you see any connection between the two lists?
1-3. Look for overlap between talents and values.
A calling isn't a job. It's something you would do in your spare time or without getting paid. You won't necessarily like it all the time, but it drives you. The key is to find a niche where your natural talents and values come together.
Some people think that “following your passion” is bad advice. It's true that your calling might not be well-paid or it might be stressful. If your aim is to be a legend, however, a true calling is an end in itself.
Legends are not usually “weekend warriors.” We don't remember people who lived out their passion as a hobby. We remember the ones who devoted themselves to a cause and made sacrifices for their chosen calling.
2. Following Your Vocation
2-1. Embrace your niche.
Becoming a legend is about finding your calling and making an impact on other people's lives. Where you end up might surprise you. Your niche might be in a profession or job, or it might be the role that you play at home as a mother, father, sibling, or child. Embrace it! Legends try to be the best in their chosen field.
Do you want to make a difference in the world? Are you patient and able to deal with stress? Maybe your place in medicine or mental health. Maybe it is as a war correspondent or volunteer for an aid organization.
Some people are good at giving others guidance. Your calling might be as a counselor or social worker.
Maybe you've decided that you want fame and fortune. That's OK. Aim high, whether it be as an athlete, investment banker, or hedge-fund manager.
Caregivers are also legends. Dads, moms, grandparents, aunts, uncles – all live on for their devotion.
2-2. Emulate others.
Find models to follow. They could be people that you admire, like a skilled surgeon or your favorite professor. Or you might single out certain qualities to emulate, like your local priest's generosity or your dad's selflessness. Models will help you grow into your role and to grow as a person.
Even legends have sources of inspiration. Steve Jobs idolized inventors like Thomas Edison and Henry Ford, for instance. The tennis star Eugenie Bouchard looked up to another legend, Maria Sharapova.
Be willing to learn and grow. Legends are not always humble but they are willing to grow and get better at what they do. Be open to others. Learn from them, emulate their strengths, and at last try to surpass them.
2-3. Develop a positive outlook.
Have you ever known of a legend with a defeatist attitude? No! They became legends by believing in their calling and by not giving up, no matter the odds. Can you imagine a social justice hero giving up hope in the future? Can you imagine a great athlete doubting her ability to win the big game?
Legends fill us with hope. Whether it is your childhood sports hero, a great scientist, or a spiritual mentor, you look up to them with awe and inspiration.
Cultivate a “can-do” attitude. Focus on the things that you can control and try not to worry about what you can't. Take action, as well. The more initiative you take, the more in your life you control.
Try to be resilient. Think of failure as an opportunity – a chance to learn, grow, and become stronger in your vocation. The most successful people (and legends) also experience failure.
3. Serving a Greater Good
3-1. Stop worrying about what others think.
Part of becoming a legend is in the mind. Legends are confident, cool, and have a certain “I don't care what you think” attitude. This doesn't mean that they are self-absorbed or arrogant. But it does mean that they believe in their calling.
Don't fear social judgment for your calling or your convictions. Does your family think you're weird because you want to work with Doctors without Borders in India? What's more important, their opinion or helping people in India?
Remember that some of the biggest legends of all time did unconventional things. Many people refused to believe Albert Einstein's ideas about space and time. The Buddha meanwhile gave up all his wealth and goods to find enlightenment.
3-2. Start living for others.
Try to put others first in your life. Be generous, be thoughtful, and live out your calling for them. The more you impact people's lives, the more likely you are to be remembered by them and become a legend.
If you're a doctor, for example, you can live for others by cultivating a great bedside manner and by expressing empathy with patients.
A lawyer might become legendary because she choose to work as a court-appointed defense attorney and serve the underprivileged.
Teachers become legendary by the time and effort they take to ensure students' learning and personal growth.
You can even do this at home. Whether it's reading to a little sibling, working hard to support the family, or caring for elderly relatives, you will be living for others and remembered.
3-3. Give back and give freely.
Whatever your calling is, give freely of it. Share your talent, your advice, your time, or your knowledge. People will be more likely to remember you because you'll have made a difference in others' lives.
Tell jokes freely if you're a comedian and bring joy to others. Give a charity concert if you are a musician. If you're a scientist, give public lectures about your work.
Do you have a spiritual vocation? Be open to helping people who ask for your guidance.
If you've decided to go for fame and fortune, become a philanthropist. Make charitable donations and give back to the community that raised you.
Consider becoming a mentor, as well. By being a mentor you can give your time and your knowhow. This will allow you to pass your calling on, and perhaps to inspire a new generation.
Tips
Remember that goals are not reached overnight. Change is hard, so we often want it to happen as quickly as possible, because we can't bear the uncertainty of what happens. Try to change that mentality so you don't get discouraged because you are not getting where you want right away.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:07",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Finding a Calling\\n1-1. Identify your talents.\\nPeople remember legends for what they do and the impact they have on lives. What do you do? What are you good at? Try to find your calling in life, your “vocation.” Take a good look at the natural talents you have.\\nLegends come in all shapes and sizes. Do you make people laugh? Perhaps you've got a calling in comedy. Are you good at lacrosse? Maybe your future lies in sports.\\nDon't limit your idea of a legend to famous people. Teachers, doctors, religious figures, volunteers, and others live on, too, because of how they shape others' lives.\\nYou might try compiling a list. Think hard and put down skills you have, but also personal qualities. You might be good at math or languages, for instance, but also patient or able to handle stressful situations.\\n1-2. Consider your values.\\nBecoming a legend is about a calling – something that you do memorably and like no one else. Something you do because it makes you fulfilled and whole. To find out what your calling is, you should also try to take stock of your values in life.\\nValues are what we stand for and what guide our decisions. You might value creativity more than making money, for example. Competition could be important. Or, you might want to feel like you're helping society.\\nLegends usually stand for something. Mother Theresa gave her life to the poor. Michael Jordan made competition his highest value and became a great basketball player. You may have a personal legend in mind who stood for something, too.\\nThink of two people that you respect. Why do you admire them? What qualities do they have that you want? The answers will reflect your values.\\nThink as well about a moment in life when you felt really satisfied. What made you feel that way? This, too, will reflect your values.\\nYou might try writing these down alongside your talents. Do you see any connection between the two lists?\\n1-3. Look for overlap between talents and values.\\nA calling isn't a job. It's something you would do in your spare time or without getting paid. You won't necessarily like it all the time, but it drives you. The key is to find a niche where your natural talents and values come together. \\nSome people think that “following your passion” is bad advice. It's true that your calling might not be well-paid or it might be stressful. If your aim is to be a legend, however, a true calling is an end in itself.\\nLegends are not usually “weekend warriors.” We don't remember people who lived out their passion as a hobby. We remember the ones who devoted themselves to a cause and made sacrifices for their chosen calling.\\n2. Following Your Vocation\\n2-1. Embrace your niche.\\nBecoming a legend is about finding your calling and making an impact on other people's lives. Where you end up might surprise you. Your niche might be in a profession or job, or it might be the role that you play at home as a mother, father, sibling, or child. Embrace it! Legends try to be the best in their chosen field. \\nDo you want to make a difference in the world? Are you patient and able to deal with stress? Maybe your place in medicine or mental health. Maybe it is as a war correspondent or volunteer for an aid organization.\\nSome people are good at giving others guidance. Your calling might be as a counselor or social worker.\\nMaybe you've decided that you want fame and fortune. That's OK. Aim high, whether it be as an athlete, investment banker, or hedge-fund manager.\\nCaregivers are also legends. Dads, moms, grandparents, aunts, uncles – all live on for their devotion.\\n2-2. Emulate others.\\nFind models to follow. They could be people that you admire, like a skilled surgeon or your favorite professor. Or you might single out certain qualities to emulate, like your local priest's generosity or your dad's selflessness. Models will help you grow into your role and to grow as a person.\\nEven legends have sources of inspiration. Steve Jobs idolized inventors like Thomas Edison and Henry Ford, for instance. The tennis star Eugenie Bouchard looked up to another legend, Maria Sharapova.\\nBe willing to learn and grow. Legends are not always humble but they are willing to grow and get better at what they do. Be open to others. Learn from them, emulate their strengths, and at last try to surpass them.\\n2-3. Develop a positive outlook.\\nHave you ever known of a legend with a defeatist attitude? No! They became legends by believing in their calling and by not giving up, no matter the odds. Can you imagine a social justice hero giving up hope in the future? Can you imagine a great athlete doubting her ability to win the big game?\\nLegends fill us with hope. Whether it is your childhood sports hero, a great scientist, or a spiritual mentor, you look up to them with awe and inspiration.\\nCultivate a “can-do” attitude. Focus on the things that you can control and try not to worry about what you can't. Take action, as well. The more initiative you take, the more in your life you control.\\nTry to be resilient. Think of failure as an opportunity – a chance to learn, grow, and become stronger in your vocation. The most successful people (and legends) also experience failure.\\n3. Serving a Greater Good\\n3-1. Stop worrying about what others think.\\nPart of becoming a legend is in the mind. Legends are confident, cool, and have a certain “I don't care what you think” attitude. This doesn't mean that they are self-absorbed or arrogant. But it does mean that they believe in their calling. \\nDon't fear social judgment for your calling or your convictions. Does your family think you're weird because you want to work with Doctors without Borders in India? What's more important, their opinion or helping people in India?\\nRemember that some of the biggest legends of all time did unconventional things. Many people refused to believe Albert Einstein's ideas about space and time. The Buddha meanwhile gave up all his wealth and goods to find enlightenment.\\n3-2. Start living for others.\\nTry to put others first in your life. Be generous, be thoughtful, and live out your calling for them. The more you impact people's lives, the more likely you are to be remembered by them and become a legend.\\nIf you're a doctor, for example, you can live for others by cultivating a great bedside manner and by expressing empathy with patients.\\nA lawyer might become legendary because she choose to work as a court-appointed defense attorney and serve the underprivileged.\\nTeachers become legendary by the time and effort they take to ensure students' learning and personal growth.\\nYou can even do this at home. Whether it's reading to a little sibling, working hard to support the family, or caring for elderly relatives, you will be living for others and remembered.\\n3-3. Give back and give freely.\\nWhatever your calling is, give freely of it. Share your talent, your advice, your time, or your knowledge. People will be more likely to remember you because you'll have made a difference in others' lives.\\nTell jokes freely if you're a comedian and bring joy to others. Give a charity concert if you are a musician. If you're a scientist, give public lectures about your work.\\nDo you have a spiritual vocation? Be open to helping people who ask for your guidance.\\nIf you've decided to go for fame and fortune, become a philanthropist. Make charitable donations and give back to the community that raised you.\\nConsider becoming a mentor, as well. By being a mentor you can give your time and your knowhow. This will allow you to pass your calling on, and perhaps to inspire a new generation.\\nTips\\nRemember that goals are not reached overnight. Change is hard, so we often want it to happen as quickly as possible, because we can't bear the uncertainty of what happens. Try to change that mentality so you don't get discouraged because you are not getting where you want right away.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"We all have roles to play in life. What is yours? Will you be remembered for it years from now, when you're long gone? A legend is someone who leaves behind an unforgettable impression on others. They touch lives, they're remembered, they're cherished. There are all sorts of legends in this world – famous or not. Becoming one means finding your particular role, your calling, following it, and touching others around you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Finding a Calling\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify your talents.\", \"描述\": \"People remember legends for what they do and the impact they have on lives. What do you do? What are you good at? Try to find your calling in life, your “vocation.” Take a good look at the natural talents you have.\\nLegends come in all shapes and sizes. Do you make people laugh? Perhaps you've got a calling in comedy. Are you good at lacrosse? Maybe your future lies in sports.\\nDon't limit your idea of a legend to famous people. Teachers, doctors, religious figures, volunteers, and others live on, too, because of how they shape others' lives.\\nYou might try compiling a list. Think hard and put down skills you have, but also personal qualities. You might be good at math or languages, for instance, but also patient or able to handle stressful situations.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider your values.\", \"描述\": \"Becoming a legend is about a calling – something that you do memorably and like no one else. Something you do because it makes you fulfilled and whole. To find out what your calling is, you should also try to take stock of your values in life.\\nValues are what we stand for and what guide our decisions. You might value creativity more than making money, for example. Competition could be important. Or, you might want to feel like you're helping society.\\nLegends usually stand for something. Mother Theresa gave her life to the poor. Michael Jordan made competition his highest value and became a great basketball player. You may have a personal legend in mind who stood for something, too.\\nThink of two people that you respect. Why do you admire them? What qualities do they have that you want? The answers will reflect your values.\\nThink as well about a moment in life when you felt really satisfied. What made you feel that way? This, too, will reflect your values.\\nYou might try writing these down alongside your talents. Do you see any connection between the two lists?\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for overlap between talents and values.\", \"描述\": \"A calling isn't a job. It's something you would do in your spare time or without getting paid. You won't necessarily like it all the time, but it drives you. The key is to find a niche where your natural talents and values come together. \\nSome people think that “following your passion” is bad advice. It's true that your calling might not be well-paid or it might be stressful. If your aim is to be a legend, however, a true calling is an end in itself.\\nLegends are not usually “weekend warriors.” We don't remember people who lived out their passion as a hobby. We remember the ones who devoted themselves to a cause and made sacrifices for their chosen calling.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Following Your Vocation\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Embrace your niche.\", \"描述\": \"Becoming a legend is about finding your calling and making an impact on other people's lives. Where you end up might surprise you. Your niche might be in a profession or job, or it might be the role that you play at home as a mother, father, sibling, or child. Embrace it! Legends try to be the best in their chosen field. \\nDo you want to make a difference in the world? Are you patient and able to deal with stress? Maybe your place in medicine or mental health. Maybe it is as a war correspondent or volunteer for an aid organization.\\nSome people are good at giving others guidance. Your calling might be as a counselor or social worker.\\nMaybe you've decided that you want fame and fortune. That's OK. Aim high, whether it be as an athlete, investment banker, or hedge-fund manager.\\nCaregivers are also legends. Dads, moms, grandparents, aunts, uncles – all live on for their devotion.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Emulate others.\", \"描述\": \"Find models to follow. They could be people that you admire, like a skilled surgeon or your favorite professor. Or you might single out certain qualities to emulate, like your local priest's generosity or your dad's selflessness. Models will help you grow into your role and to grow as a person.\\nEven legends have sources of inspiration. Steve Jobs idolized inventors like Thomas Edison and Henry Ford, for instance. The tennis star Eugenie Bouchard looked up to another legend, Maria Sharapova.\\nBe willing to learn and grow. Legends are not always humble but they are willing to grow and get better at what they do. Be open to others. Learn from them, emulate their strengths, and at last try to surpass them.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Develop a positive outlook.\", \"描述\": \"Have you ever known of a legend with a defeatist attitude? No! They became legends by believing in their calling and by not giving up, no matter the odds. Can you imagine a social justice hero giving up hope in the future? Can you imagine a great athlete doubting her ability to win the big game?\\nLegends fill us with hope. Whether it is your childhood sports hero, a great scientist, or a spiritual mentor, you look up to them with awe and inspiration.\\nCultivate a “can-do” attitude. Focus on the things that you can control and try not to worry about what you can't. Take action, as well. The more initiative you take, the more in your life you control.\\nTry to be resilient. Think of failure as an opportunity – a chance to learn, grow, and become stronger in your vocation. The most successful people (and legends) also experience failure.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Serving a Greater Good\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stop worrying about what others think.\", \"描述\": \"Part of becoming a legend is in the mind. Legends are confident, cool, and have a certain “I don't care what you think” attitude. This doesn't mean that they are self-absorbed or arrogant. But it does mean that they believe in their calling. \\nDon't fear social judgment for your calling or your convictions. Does your family think you're weird because you want to work with Doctors without Borders in India? What's more important, their opinion or helping people in India?\\nRemember that some of the biggest legends of all time did unconventional things. Many people refused to believe Albert Einstein's ideas about space and time. The Buddha meanwhile gave up all his wealth and goods to find enlightenment.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start living for others.\", \"描述\": \"Try to put others first in your life. Be generous, be thoughtful, and live out your calling for them. The more you impact people's lives, the more likely you are to be remembered by them and become a legend.\\nIf you're a doctor, for example, you can live for others by cultivating a great bedside manner and by expressing empathy with patients.\\nA lawyer might become legendary because she choose to work as a court-appointed defense attorney and serve the underprivileged.\\nTeachers become legendary by the time and effort they take to ensure students' learning and personal growth.\\nYou can even do this at home. Whether it's reading to a little sibling, working hard to support the family, or caring for elderly relatives, you will be living for others and remembered.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Give back and give freely.\", \"描述\": \"Whatever your calling is, give freely of it. Share your talent, your advice, your time, or your knowledge. People will be more likely to remember you because you'll have made a difference in others' lives.\\nTell jokes freely if you're a comedian and bring joy to others. Give a charity concert if you are a musician. If you're a scientist, give public lectures about your work.\\nDo you have a spiritual vocation? Be open to helping people who ask for your guidance.\\nIf you've decided to go for fame and fortune, become a philanthropist. Make charitable donations and give back to the community that raised you.\\nConsider becoming a mentor, as well. By being a mentor you can give your time and your knowhow. This will allow you to pass your calling on, and perhaps to inspire a new generation.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Remember that goals are not reached overnight. Change is hard, so we often want it to happen as quickly as possible, because we can't bear the uncertainty of what happens. Try to change that mentality so you don't get discouraged because you are not getting where you want right away.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,486 |
How to Become a Lender
|
1. Researching the Lending Process
1-1. Collect your capital.
For the best results, you'll want all of your lendable money to be collected in one central account or "pot." This will also help you to figure out how much you can lend without negatively impacting your own household budget.
It's best to plan for a worst-case scenario where you only lend money that you can live without, in case a loan does not get repaid.
1-2. Understand your loan goals.
Before you get into actually lending out money, you'll want to look at several factors including how long you want that money to be tied up, and how much you plan to make with it. This will help you narrow down lending choices further on in the process.
1-3. Look at the tax burden.
The plain fact that experienced money handlers understand is that every investment has a tax burden, and lending is no exception. As a personal taxpayer, you will have to pay taxes on income from interest payments, which will be taken out of your gross gains, or yield. It's incumbent on you as the lender to figure out how this will affect your future tax bills.
2. Evaluating Micro Lending
2-1. Research micro lending.
For almost all individual would-be lenders, the best way to effective lending is through Internet micro lending services (also called peer to peer lending) that help small lenders find interested borrowers. Take a look at these sites and familiarize yourself with all of the rules and regulations in order to avoid misunderstandings later.
Popular micro lending sites include Kiva, Prosper and Lending Club.
Some of the reasons people are looking to borrow through micro loans include:
Pay off credit cards at a lower interest rate
Start a small business or expand an existing one
Finance a creative project such as a film, music or artwork
Finance a wedding, car repair or consolidate other loans
2-2. Evaluate how micro lending sites rate borrowers.
In a similar method as the ones used by big lenders, micro-lending sites often "rate" borrowers according to answers they give on a questionnaire. This way lenders can match borrowers that meet their desired level of risk. Generally, you'll be picking a "basket" of loans and betting that the majority of them will not default, or in other words, be unable to repay.
Riskier borrowers will be charged a higher interest rate.
2-3. Make the deal.
When you have your desired loan recipients picked out, you should be able to seal the deal on micro lending sites using their proprietary tools and paperwork. When these are all finished, you will actually be a lender, able to collect income payments to boost your total investment portfolio.
2-4. Consider a lending club.
Rather than loaning money to a single borrower, in a lending club you invest in notes, or $25 portions. This way your investment is spread across hundreds of loans, while the borrowers' loans are funded by many different investors.
3. Researching Micro Loan Pros and Cons
3-1. Evaluate the benefits of micro lending.
The main benefit of micro lending is returns on your investments ranging from 5-9%. This is much higher than you would get on a savings or money market account. These returns take into consideration a 4-5% default rate and 1% in fees from the micro lending company.
Micro loans are not tied into the stock market, so even if the market plunges you should still get a good return on your investment.
3-2. Evaluate the risks of micro lending.
Borrowers may default on the loans. This type of loan is not secured by a house or other collateral that a bank would normally require. Borrowers can also file for bankruptcy and you would lose your investment.
3-3. Consider an automated investing tool.
Rather than choosing individual borrowers that can become very time consuming, you can arrange for automated investing. You select a mix of loan grades according to borrower risk and set the amount for each loan. Then the tool will automatically invest in loans for you and send a daily report online.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:07",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Researching the Lending Process\\n1-1. Collect your capital.\\nFor the best results, you'll want all of your lendable money to be collected in one central account or \\\"pot.\\\" This will also help you to figure out how much you can lend without negatively impacting your own household budget.\\nIt's best to plan for a worst-case scenario where you only lend money that you can live without, in case a loan does not get repaid.\\n1-2. Understand your loan goals.\\nBefore you get into actually lending out money, you'll want to look at several factors including how long you want that money to be tied up, and how much you plan to make with it. This will help you narrow down lending choices further on in the process.\\n1-3. Look at the tax burden.\\nThe plain fact that experienced money handlers understand is that every investment has a tax burden, and lending is no exception. As a personal taxpayer, you will have to pay taxes on income from interest payments, which will be taken out of your gross gains, or yield. It's incumbent on you as the lender to figure out how this will affect your future tax bills.\\n2. Evaluating Micro Lending\\n2-1. Research micro lending.\\nFor almost all individual would-be lenders, the best way to effective lending is through Internet micro lending services (also called peer to peer lending) that help small lenders find interested borrowers. Take a look at these sites and familiarize yourself with all of the rules and regulations in order to avoid misunderstandings later.\\nPopular micro lending sites include Kiva, Prosper and Lending Club.\\nSome of the reasons people are looking to borrow through micro loans include:\\nPay off credit cards at a lower interest rate\\nStart a small business or expand an existing one\\nFinance a creative project such as a film, music or artwork\\nFinance a wedding, car repair or consolidate other loans\\n2-2. Evaluate how micro lending sites rate borrowers.\\nIn a similar method as the ones used by big lenders, micro-lending sites often \\\"rate\\\" borrowers according to answers they give on a questionnaire. This way lenders can match borrowers that meet their desired level of risk. Generally, you'll be picking a \\\"basket\\\" of loans and betting that the majority of them will not default, or in other words, be unable to repay.\\nRiskier borrowers will be charged a higher interest rate.\\n2-3. Make the deal.\\nWhen you have your desired loan recipients picked out, you should be able to seal the deal on micro lending sites using their proprietary tools and paperwork. When these are all finished, you will actually be a lender, able to collect income payments to boost your total investment portfolio.\\n2-4. Consider a lending club.\\nRather than loaning money to a single borrower, in a lending club you invest in notes, or $25 portions. This way your investment is spread across hundreds of loans, while the borrowers' loans are funded by many different investors.\\n3. Researching Micro Loan Pros and Cons\\n3-1. Evaluate the benefits of micro lending.\\nThe main benefit of micro lending is returns on your investments ranging from 5-9%. This is much higher than you would get on a savings or money market account. These returns take into consideration a 4-5% default rate and 1% in fees from the micro lending company.\\nMicro loans are not tied into the stock market, so even if the market plunges you should still get a good return on your investment.\\n3-2. Evaluate the risks of micro lending.\\nBorrowers may default on the loans. This type of loan is not secured by a house or other collateral that a bank would normally require. Borrowers can also file for bankruptcy and you would lose your investment.\\n3-3. Consider an automated investing tool.\\nRather than choosing individual borrowers that can become very time consuming, you can arrange for automated investing. You select a mix of loan grades according to borrower risk and set the amount for each loan. Then the tool will automatically invest in loans for you and send a daily report online.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Some consumers or individuals with spare capital tend to follow the old axiom \\\"neither a borrower nor a lender be,\\\" but others are looking at how to cash in on lending. Seeing how much income banks and major lenders make from their loans is enough to get some individual cash or asset holders interested in lending out some of their money, hoping to make good gains in interest payments over time. A combination of economic incentives and new technology allows more people to effectively become a lender and get some good returns on money that they currently have parked in low interest bank accounts.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Researching the Lending Process\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Collect your capital.\", \"描述\": \"For the best results, you'll want all of your lendable money to be collected in one central account or \\\"pot.\\\" This will also help you to figure out how much you can lend without negatively impacting your own household budget.\\nIt's best to plan for a worst-case scenario where you only lend money that you can live without, in case a loan does not get repaid.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understand your loan goals.\", \"描述\": \"Before you get into actually lending out money, you'll want to look at several factors including how long you want that money to be tied up, and how much you plan to make with it. This will help you narrow down lending choices further on in the process.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look at the tax burden.\", \"描述\": \"The plain fact that experienced money handlers understand is that every investment has a tax burden, and lending is no exception. As a personal taxpayer, you will have to pay taxes on income from interest payments, which will be taken out of your gross gains, or yield. It's incumbent on you as the lender to figure out how this will affect your future tax bills.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Evaluating Micro Lending\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research micro lending.\", \"描述\": \"For almost all individual would-be lenders, the best way to effective lending is through Internet micro lending services (also called peer to peer lending) that help small lenders find interested borrowers. Take a look at these sites and familiarize yourself with all of the rules and regulations in order to avoid misunderstandings later.\\nPopular micro lending sites include Kiva, Prosper and Lending Club.\\nSome of the reasons people are looking to borrow through micro loans include:\\nPay off credit cards at a lower interest rate\\nStart a small business or expand an existing one\\nFinance a creative project such as a film, music or artwork\\nFinance a wedding, car repair or consolidate other loans\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Evaluate how micro lending sites rate borrowers.\", \"描述\": \"In a similar method as the ones used by big lenders, micro-lending sites often \\\"rate\\\" borrowers according to answers they give on a questionnaire. This way lenders can match borrowers that meet their desired level of risk. Generally, you'll be picking a \\\"basket\\\" of loans and betting that the majority of them will not default, or in other words, be unable to repay.\\nRiskier borrowers will be charged a higher interest rate.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make the deal.\", \"描述\": \"When you have your desired loan recipients picked out, you should be able to seal the deal on micro lending sites using their proprietary tools and paperwork. When these are all finished, you will actually be a lender, able to collect income payments to boost your total investment portfolio.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider a lending club.\", \"描述\": \"Rather than loaning money to a single borrower, in a lending club you invest in notes, or $25 portions. This way your investment is spread across hundreds of loans, while the borrowers' loans are funded by many different investors.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Researching Micro Loan Pros and Cons\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Evaluate the benefits of micro lending.\", \"描述\": \"The main benefit of micro lending is returns on your investments ranging from 5-9%. This is much higher than you would get on a savings or money market account. These returns take into consideration a 4-5% default rate and 1% in fees from the micro lending company.\\nMicro loans are not tied into the stock market, so even if the market plunges you should still get a good return on your investment.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Evaluate the risks of micro lending.\", \"描述\": \"Borrowers may default on the loans. This type of loan is not secured by a house or other collateral that a bank would normally require. Borrowers can also file for bankruptcy and you would lose your investment.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider an automated investing tool.\", \"描述\": \"Rather than choosing individual borrowers that can become very time consuming, you can arrange for automated investing. You select a mix of loan grades according to borrower risk and set the amount for each loan. Then the tool will automatically invest in loans for you and send a daily report online.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,487 |
How to Become a Librarian
|
1. The Library Science Field
1-1. Understand what defines library science.
The study of library science includes library management, the preservation, archival, and dissemination of information, the development of information technologies, and research education. Librarians can specialize in any one of these areas, and many have responsibilities that require expertise in all of them. Tasks librarians might have include the following:
Cataloging items in a library’s database
Developing taxonomies to organize data
Implementing new technologies to update the organization of old collections
Using research skills to answer reference questions
Facilitating educational programs for students and the public
Managing a library branch, including other employees
Keeping a library’s collection up to date by ordering new books and resources
1-2. Know about different types of librarianship.
Perhaps you’re interested in becoming a children’s librarian, or you may want to participate in the archival of scientific information. There are many different types of libraries, and librarians may have a variety of responsibilities within them.
Public libraries have branches that are open to anyone who wants to obtain a library card. They often have public education programs to promote literacy for both adults and children. They play an important role in providing the public with free access to information. Librarians in public libraries take on a customer service role as well as making sure the collection is up to date, communicating with other libraries, and facilitating public programs.
School libraries are an important part of grade schools and middle schools, and serve the function of providing children with the resources they need to receive a well-rounded education. School librarians teach children research skills and help to develop children’s interest in reading as well as managing the library itself.
Academic libraries are found at colleges and universities, and they have comprehensive collections that serve the needs of students pursuing higher education. Academic libraries are often specialized, with separate buildings for a law library, a science library, an art library, and so on. Librarians at academic libraries work at reference desks, catalog new materials, help students with complicated research projects, archive special materials, and keep libraries operating as cutting edge purveyors of knowledge. Librarians at specialized libraries often need secondary degrees, such as a degree in law or within the field of science, to be qualified for their positions.
1-3. Decide whether you’re cut out to be a librarian.
Many people who love reading are interested in becoming a librarian, but the job requires much more than an appreciation of good books. Good librarians have a passion not just for knowledge, but for finding the best way to organize it. They’re concerned with preserving information and making it as accessible as possible to those who need it.
Many librarians describe their decision to pursue library science as a calling to share information with others.
With today’s ever-changing information technology landscape, librarians have to be technologically adept. Some library science programs now require classes in coding.
Not every librarian interacts with the public. Some librarians spend more time on archival, cataloguing, and other tasks. If you love information, but don’t necessarily feel passionate about education, library science could still be the right field for you.
1-4. Conduct informational interviews to learn more.
Contact the librarian in a library that interests you, whether that be a public, school, or academic library. Arrange to have a meeting so that you’ll have the opportunity to discuss librarianship with someone who has chosen that career.
Ask the librarian about his or her specific job duties, so you’ll know what to expect.
Ask how he or she made the decision to become a librarian, and what traits librarians should have.
Ask which Masters of Library Science (MLS) programs he or she would recommend.
2. Educational Requirements
2-1. Get an undergraduate degree.
In order to apply to an MLS program, you’ll need an undergraduate degree from a college or university. There is no particular major requirement if you want to become a librarian, but common majors include English, Art History, Computer Science, and other courses of study that require research and technology skills.
If you plan to become a librarian in a specialized library, such as a law or science library, you may need a secondary degree in a specific field. In this case, make sure you choose a major with classes that cover the prerequisites you’ll need for acceptance into a master’s program in your field.
2-2. Obtain an American Library Association (ALA)-accredited Masters of Library Science.
The ALA website, http://www.ala.org, is an excellent resource for information on MLS programs. You’ll find a directory of accredited programs with descriptions of each one.
Conduct a lot of research before you choose where to apply. Each program is quite unique; some focus on technology, others on the politics of information accessibility, and so on.
Some programs require that you live on campus, while others are conducted entirely online. If you find out about a program through a source other than the ALA website, double check to make sure it’s ALA-accredited before going forward. Many libraries will not hire candidates with degrees from non-accredited schools.
Some prestigious institutions offer programs on information technology that are not ALA-accredited. If you’re interested in information technology, but not necessarily in managing a library or the other responsibilities that being a librarian might entail, you may want to look into these alternatives.
3. Becoming a Librarian
3-1. Don’t wait until you have your degree.
You can gain experience in a library before you finish your MLS, and even while you’re still an undergraduate. Apply for a job at your university library or local public library. Many colleges hire students to staff reference desks and reshelve books, among other duties. It’s a good chance to find out whether you enjoy the library atmosphere and want to pursue a career in library science.
Some libraries offer internships, whether paid or unpaid, as opportunities for students to get real world experience. If your university library doesn’t already offer one, set up a meeting with the librarian to ask if there’s a way you can get involved.
Many schools have Student Library Association (SLA) chapters for students interested in information technology. Join your school’s SLA, or start a chapter if your school doesn’t have one.
Network with librarians. Your volunteer work, part-time job, internship, or SLA chapter involvement are all opportunities to start relationships with librarians who could help you find a job down the line. Express your enthusiasm for librarianship, ask questions, and keep in touch after your internship ends.
3-2. Find ways to stand out when you apply for jobs.
Unfortunately, with funding for public and often academic libraries being cut, the library science field has become extremely competitive. Getting your MLS and having library experience will not be enough to guarantee you a job.
Don’t say you “love books” in your resume and cover letter. With so many applicants to choose from, the people in charge of hiring are looking for more interesting reasons why they should choose you for the job. Describe specific characteristics and experiences that make you perfect for the position.
Always tailor your resume and cover letter to each job to which you apply. Mention specific qualities about that particular institution that have led you to seek employment there. Follow up with a thank-you email to show your continued enthusiasm.
Rely on the network of people you met in school, through internships and part-time jobs, and through your SLA chapter. Let people know you’re searching for a job, and be open to a range of positions.
3-3. Be willing to work your way up.
Even if you’re qualified for a professional position, you may have to start at entry level. Use the opportunity to get to know more people and understand the way your library works. Once you prove yourself, the opportunity for promotion will surely arise.
Tips
If you already know a local librarian go to them first with questions, they will know if being a librarian is a good option for you.
If you want to work in a public library, a wide range of skills come in handy. Learn management skills and customer service skills to give you an edge over other job applicants.
When you’re looking for a job, get in touch with alumni from your alma mater who have careers in library science. They’ll be able to offer you advice, and if you hit it off, they may keep you in mind the next time a position opens up at their library.
Warnings
Consider whether you view becoming a librarian through a lens of "vocational awe".[7]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:07",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. The Library Science Field\\n1-1. Understand what defines library science.\\nThe study of library science includes library management, the preservation, archival, and dissemination of information, the development of information technologies, and research education. Librarians can specialize in any one of these areas, and many have responsibilities that require expertise in all of them. Tasks librarians might have include the following:\\nCataloging items in a library’s database\\nDeveloping taxonomies to organize data\\nImplementing new technologies to update the organization of old collections\\nUsing research skills to answer reference questions\\nFacilitating educational programs for students and the public\\nManaging a library branch, including other employees\\nKeeping a library’s collection up to date by ordering new books and resources\\n1-2. Know about different types of librarianship.\\nPerhaps you’re interested in becoming a children’s librarian, or you may want to participate in the archival of scientific information. There are many different types of libraries, and librarians may have a variety of responsibilities within them.\\nPublic libraries have branches that are open to anyone who wants to obtain a library card. They often have public education programs to promote literacy for both adults and children. They play an important role in providing the public with free access to information. Librarians in public libraries take on a customer service role as well as making sure the collection is up to date, communicating with other libraries, and facilitating public programs.\\nSchool libraries are an important part of grade schools and middle schools, and serve the function of providing children with the resources they need to receive a well-rounded education. School librarians teach children research skills and help to develop children’s interest in reading as well as managing the library itself.\\nAcademic libraries are found at colleges and universities, and they have comprehensive collections that serve the needs of students pursuing higher education. Academic libraries are often specialized, with separate buildings for a law library, a science library, an art library, and so on. Librarians at academic libraries work at reference desks, catalog new materials, help students with complicated research projects, archive special materials, and keep libraries operating as cutting edge purveyors of knowledge. Librarians at specialized libraries often need secondary degrees, such as a degree in law or within the field of science, to be qualified for their positions.\\n1-3. Decide whether you’re cut out to be a librarian.\\nMany people who love reading are interested in becoming a librarian, but the job requires much more than an appreciation of good books. Good librarians have a passion not just for knowledge, but for finding the best way to organize it. They’re concerned with preserving information and making it as accessible as possible to those who need it.\\nMany librarians describe their decision to pursue library science as a calling to share information with others.\\nWith today’s ever-changing information technology landscape, librarians have to be technologically adept. Some library science programs now require classes in coding.\\nNot every librarian interacts with the public. Some librarians spend more time on archival, cataloguing, and other tasks. If you love information, but don’t necessarily feel passionate about education, library science could still be the right field for you.\\n1-4. Conduct informational interviews to learn more.\\nContact the librarian in a library that interests you, whether that be a public, school, or academic library. Arrange to have a meeting so that you’ll have the opportunity to discuss librarianship with someone who has chosen that career.\\nAsk the librarian about his or her specific job duties, so you’ll know what to expect.\\nAsk how he or she made the decision to become a librarian, and what traits librarians should have.\\nAsk which Masters of Library Science (MLS) programs he or she would recommend.\\n2. Educational Requirements\\n2-1. Get an undergraduate degree.\\nIn order to apply to an MLS program, you’ll need an undergraduate degree from a college or university. There is no particular major requirement if you want to become a librarian, but common majors include English, Art History, Computer Science, and other courses of study that require research and technology skills.\\nIf you plan to become a librarian in a specialized library, such as a law or science library, you may need a secondary degree in a specific field. In this case, make sure you choose a major with classes that cover the prerequisites you’ll need for acceptance into a master’s program in your field.\\n2-2. Obtain an American Library Association (ALA)-accredited Masters of Library Science.\\nThe ALA website, http://www.ala.org, is an excellent resource for information on MLS programs. You’ll find a directory of accredited programs with descriptions of each one.\\nConduct a lot of research before you choose where to apply. Each program is quite unique; some focus on technology, others on the politics of information accessibility, and so on.\\nSome programs require that you live on campus, while others are conducted entirely online. If you find out about a program through a source other than the ALA website, double check to make sure it’s ALA-accredited before going forward. Many libraries will not hire candidates with degrees from non-accredited schools.\\nSome prestigious institutions offer programs on information technology that are not ALA-accredited. If you’re interested in information technology, but not necessarily in managing a library or the other responsibilities that being a librarian might entail, you may want to look into these alternatives.\\n3. Becoming a Librarian\\n3-1. Don’t wait until you have your degree.\\nYou can gain experience in a library before you finish your MLS, and even while you’re still an undergraduate. Apply for a job at your university library or local public library. Many colleges hire students to staff reference desks and reshelve books, among other duties. It’s a good chance to find out whether you enjoy the library atmosphere and want to pursue a career in library science.\\nSome libraries offer internships, whether paid or unpaid, as opportunities for students to get real world experience. If your university library doesn’t already offer one, set up a meeting with the librarian to ask if there’s a way you can get involved.\\nMany schools have Student Library Association (SLA) chapters for students interested in information technology. Join your school’s SLA, or start a chapter if your school doesn’t have one.\\nNetwork with librarians. Your volunteer work, part-time job, internship, or SLA chapter involvement are all opportunities to start relationships with librarians who could help you find a job down the line. Express your enthusiasm for librarianship, ask questions, and keep in touch after your internship ends.\\n3-2. Find ways to stand out when you apply for jobs.\\nUnfortunately, with funding for public and often academic libraries being cut, the library science field has become extremely competitive. Getting your MLS and having library experience will not be enough to guarantee you a job.\\nDon’t say you “love books” in your resume and cover letter. With so many applicants to choose from, the people in charge of hiring are looking for more interesting reasons why they should choose you for the job. Describe specific characteristics and experiences that make you perfect for the position.\\nAlways tailor your resume and cover letter to each job to which you apply. Mention specific qualities about that particular institution that have led you to seek employment there. Follow up with a thank-you email to show your continued enthusiasm.\\nRely on the network of people you met in school, through internships and part-time jobs, and through your SLA chapter. Let people know you’re searching for a job, and be open to a range of positions.\\n3-3. Be willing to work your way up.\\nEven if you’re qualified for a professional position, you may have to start at entry level. Use the opportunity to get to know more people and understand the way your library works. Once you prove yourself, the opportunity for promotion will surely arise.\\nTips\\nIf you already know a local librarian go to them first with questions, they will know if being a librarian is a good option for you.\\nIf you want to work in a public library, a wide range of skills come in handy. Learn management skills and customer service skills to give you an edge over other job applicants.\\nWhen you’re looking for a job, get in touch with alumni from your alma mater who have careers in library science. They’ll be able to offer you advice, and if you hit it off, they may keep you in mind the next time a position opens up at their library.\\nWarnings\\nConsider whether you view becoming a librarian through a lens of \\\"vocational awe\\\".[7]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Librarians are keepers and disseminators of knowledge. They organize information and make it accessible to others. Depending on what specialty they choose, librarians may have responsibilities as varied as running public education programs, conducting research at top universities, teaching children to love reading or managing library employees. Read on to find out more about the different facets of library science, the educational path librarians must travel, and the final steps you’ll need to take before earning the title of librarian.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The Library Science Field\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand what defines library science.\", \"描述\": \"The study of library science includes library management, the preservation, archival, and dissemination of information, the development of information technologies, and research education. Librarians can specialize in any one of these areas, and many have responsibilities that require expertise in all of them. Tasks librarians might have include the following:\\nCataloging items in a library’s database\\nDeveloping taxonomies to organize data\\nImplementing new technologies to update the organization of old collections\\nUsing research skills to answer reference questions\\nFacilitating educational programs for students and the public\\nManaging a library branch, including other employees\\nKeeping a library’s collection up to date by ordering new books and resources\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Know about different types of librarianship.\", \"描述\": \"Perhaps you’re interested in becoming a children’s librarian, or you may want to participate in the archival of scientific information. There are many different types of libraries, and librarians may have a variety of responsibilities within them.\\nPublic libraries have branches that are open to anyone who wants to obtain a library card. They often have public education programs to promote literacy for both adults and children. They play an important role in providing the public with free access to information. Librarians in public libraries take on a customer service role as well as making sure the collection is up to date, communicating with other libraries, and facilitating public programs.\\nSchool libraries are an important part of grade schools and middle schools, and serve the function of providing children with the resources they need to receive a well-rounded education. School librarians teach children research skills and help to develop children’s interest in reading as well as managing the library itself.\\nAcademic libraries are found at colleges and universities, and they have comprehensive collections that serve the needs of students pursuing higher education. Academic libraries are often specialized, with separate buildings for a law library, a science library, an art library, and so on. Librarians at academic libraries work at reference desks, catalog new materials, help students with complicated research projects, archive special materials, and keep libraries operating as cutting edge purveyors of knowledge. Librarians at specialized libraries often need secondary degrees, such as a degree in law or within the field of science, to be qualified for their positions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Decide whether you’re cut out to be a librarian.\", \"描述\": \"Many people who love reading are interested in becoming a librarian, but the job requires much more than an appreciation of good books. Good librarians have a passion not just for knowledge, but for finding the best way to organize it. They’re concerned with preserving information and making it as accessible as possible to those who need it.\\nMany librarians describe their decision to pursue library science as a calling to share information with others.\\nWith today’s ever-changing information technology landscape, librarians have to be technologically adept. Some library science programs now require classes in coding.\\nNot every librarian interacts with the public. Some librarians spend more time on archival, cataloguing, and other tasks. If you love information, but don’t necessarily feel passionate about education, library science could still be the right field for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Conduct informational interviews to learn more.\", \"描述\": \"Contact the librarian in a library that interests you, whether that be a public, school, or academic library. Arrange to have a meeting so that you’ll have the opportunity to discuss librarianship with someone who has chosen that career.\\nAsk the librarian about his or her specific job duties, so you’ll know what to expect.\\nAsk how he or she made the decision to become a librarian, and what traits librarians should have.\\nAsk which Masters of Library Science (MLS) programs he or she would recommend.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Educational Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get an undergraduate degree.\", \"描述\": \"In order to apply to an MLS program, you’ll need an undergraduate degree from a college or university. There is no particular major requirement if you want to become a librarian, but common majors include English, Art History, Computer Science, and other courses of study that require research and technology skills.\\nIf you plan to become a librarian in a specialized library, such as a law or science library, you may need a secondary degree in a specific field. In this case, make sure you choose a major with classes that cover the prerequisites you’ll need for acceptance into a master’s program in your field.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Obtain an American Library Association (ALA)-accredited Masters of Library Science.\", \"描述\": \"The ALA website, http://www.ala.org, is an excellent resource for information on MLS programs. You’ll find a directory of accredited programs with descriptions of each one.\\nConduct a lot of research before you choose where to apply. Each program is quite unique; some focus on technology, others on the politics of information accessibility, and so on.\\nSome programs require that you live on campus, while others are conducted entirely online. If you find out about a program through a source other than the ALA website, double check to make sure it’s ALA-accredited before going forward. Many libraries will not hire candidates with degrees from non-accredited schools.\\nSome prestigious institutions offer programs on information technology that are not ALA-accredited. If you’re interested in information technology, but not necessarily in managing a library or the other responsibilities that being a librarian might entail, you may want to look into these alternatives.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Librarian\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don’t wait until you have your degree.\", \"描述\": \"You can gain experience in a library before you finish your MLS, and even while you’re still an undergraduate. Apply for a job at your university library or local public library. Many colleges hire students to staff reference desks and reshelve books, among other duties. It’s a good chance to find out whether you enjoy the library atmosphere and want to pursue a career in library science.\\nSome libraries offer internships, whether paid or unpaid, as opportunities for students to get real world experience. If your university library doesn’t already offer one, set up a meeting with the librarian to ask if there’s a way you can get involved.\\nMany schools have Student Library Association (SLA) chapters for students interested in information technology. Join your school’s SLA, or start a chapter if your school doesn’t have one.\\nNetwork with librarians. Your volunteer work, part-time job, internship, or SLA chapter involvement are all opportunities to start relationships with librarians who could help you find a job down the line. Express your enthusiasm for librarianship, ask questions, and keep in touch after your internship ends.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find ways to stand out when you apply for jobs.\", \"描述\": \"Unfortunately, with funding for public and often academic libraries being cut, the library science field has become extremely competitive. Getting your MLS and having library experience will not be enough to guarantee you a job.\\nDon’t say you “love books” in your resume and cover letter. With so many applicants to choose from, the people in charge of hiring are looking for more interesting reasons why they should choose you for the job. Describe specific characteristics and experiences that make you perfect for the position.\\nAlways tailor your resume and cover letter to each job to which you apply. Mention specific qualities about that particular institution that have led you to seek employment there. Follow up with a thank-you email to show your continued enthusiasm.\\nRely on the network of people you met in school, through internships and part-time jobs, and through your SLA chapter. Let people know you’re searching for a job, and be open to a range of positions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be willing to work your way up.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you’re qualified for a professional position, you may have to start at entry level. Use the opportunity to get to know more people and understand the way your library works. Once you prove yourself, the opportunity for promotion will surely arise.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you already know a local librarian go to them first with questions, they will know if being a librarian is a good option for you.\\n\", \"If you want to work in a public library, a wide range of skills come in handy. Learn management skills and customer service skills to give you an edge over other job applicants.\\n\", \"When you’re looking for a job, get in touch with alumni from your alma mater who have careers in library science. They’ll be able to offer you advice, and if you hit it off, they may keep you in mind the next time a position opens up at their library.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Consider whether you view becoming a librarian through a lens of \\\"vocational awe\\\".[7]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,488 |
How to Become a Licensed Electrician
|
1. Prepare to Become an Electrician
1-1. Understand what the job entails.
Electricians work in a variety of settings, including homes, businesses, schools, hospitals - any type of facility that needs electricity to function. Electricians may find themselves working in extremes of heat and cold, indoors and out any time of year. Electricians may also perform electrical work on trains, airplanes, ships and vehicles. Electricians' work includes the following:
Reading blueprints, or technical diagrams of a work site's electrical wiring.
Connecting wires, circuit breakers, and outlets, and replacing or adding wires, circuit breakers, connections, and fuses.
Using specialized equipment, including oscilloscopes, ammeters, ohmmeters and voltmeters, to perform their work.
Working as part of a team in coordination with the construction project manager, homeowner, or building manager of a work site.
Knowing and following building codes and regulations to ensure buildings are wired safely.
1-2. Have an aptitude for electrical work.
Electricians are adept at diagnosing problems and using good judgement and the right techniques to solve them. Electricians have the following traits:
They are detail-oriented. Electricians know that glossing over details in a wiring project could at best result in non-functioning wiring, and at worst create a dangerous situation.
They have strong manual dexterity. Electricians work with small tools and parts that must be handled with care and precision. They often have to climb ladders or enter crawl spaces to perform their jobs.
They are flexible. Electricians are comfortable working at many different sites, under a variety of conditions. They are able to effectively communicate with managers and members of construction teams.
1-3. Talk to electricians.
If you're serious about becoming a licensed technician, contact electricians in your area and set up informational interviews.
Ask if you can shadow them or help out on a project to experience a day in the life of a technician.
Seek a master or licensed electrician willing to take you on as a longer-term helper. This will give you the opportunity to gain some knowledge and experience in the field.
Ask for recommendations on trade schools and certification programs in your area.
2. Fulfill the Educational Requirements
2-1. Obtain a high school diploma or General Equivalency Diploma (GED).
Most electrician trade schools and apprenticeship programs require this level of education.
2-2. Attend a trade school or vocational school.
The courses offered at trade and vocational schools provide important preparation for entering an electrician apprenticeship program.
You'll learn about electrical theory, circuitry, mathematics, wiring, motor controls and other knowledge important to the trade.
Consider taking electrical engineering courses online as an alternative to taking them at a local college or university.
Some electrician programs include an apprenticeship program. You will have to complete an apprenticeship program in order to get certified, so a combined coursework/apprenticeship program might be a convenient option.
2-3. Enter an electrician apprentice program.
Most states require at least two years, and in most cases up to four years, of apprenticeship with a master or licensed electrician before one can take the examination to become a licensed electrician. During an apprenticeship, one earns the title of journeyman electrician. Many apprenticeships combine hands-on experience with classroom instruction. Some organizations that sponsor or provide apprentice programs through local chapters include:
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
National Electrical Contractors Association
Independent Electrical Contractors Association
Associated Builders and Contractors
2-4. Study the National Electrical Code.
In order to get licensed to work as an electrician in most states, you will have to demonstrate knowledge of the National Electrical Code, which lays out laws, regulations and other information about safe practices.
After you receive your license, most states will require continued study of the National Electrical Code. You may have to attend seminars or classes addressing updates to the Code.
3. Become a Master Electrician
3-1. Get a state license.
Most states require that you get a state license in order to practice as an electrician. The license is granted after taking an exam to demonstrate knowledge of the National Electrical Code and local electrical and building codes. In order to take the exam:
Candidates must show proof of working as an electrician and having completed an apprenticeship program. State requirements typically call for four to seven years' experience in the trade prior to taking this test.
You must complete an examination application and submit appropriate fees before taking the exam.
3-2. Find a job.
Now that you have your state license, you are free to work as an electrical contractor in your state. Choose to work with a company of contractors or operate independently.
Job search websites have comprehensive job listings in the field of electrical work.
Go to job fairs to talk with companies hiring electricians.
3-3. Get certified.
Choose from a variety of specialized certifications to enhance your career. Certifications vary by state and will help you pursue work as an electrical administrator, a telecommunications contractor, or a specialist in an area like instrumentation.
Conduct research to determine what certificates may be beneficial to your career as an electrician.
To obtain certification, you will have to demonstrate experience and proficiency in the area you choose by taking an examination.
Tips
Check requirements in your state before seeking to become a licensed electrician. Some states might require a special license for different types of electrical work, such as industrial versus residential. Other states might have different educational or certification requirements.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:07",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Prepare to Become an Electrician\\n1-1. Understand what the job entails.\\nElectricians work in a variety of settings, including homes, businesses, schools, hospitals - any type of facility that needs electricity to function. Electricians may find themselves working in extremes of heat and cold, indoors and out any time of year. Electricians may also perform electrical work on trains, airplanes, ships and vehicles. Electricians' work includes the following:\\nReading blueprints, or technical diagrams of a work site's electrical wiring.\\nConnecting wires, circuit breakers, and outlets, and replacing or adding wires, circuit breakers, connections, and fuses.\\nUsing specialized equipment, including oscilloscopes, ammeters, ohmmeters and voltmeters, to perform their work.\\nWorking as part of a team in coordination with the construction project manager, homeowner, or building manager of a work site.\\nKnowing and following building codes and regulations to ensure buildings are wired safely.\\n1-2. Have an aptitude for electrical work.\\nElectricians are adept at diagnosing problems and using good judgement and the right techniques to solve them. Electricians have the following traits:\\nThey are detail-oriented. Electricians know that glossing over details in a wiring project could at best result in non-functioning wiring, and at worst create a dangerous situation.\\nThey have strong manual dexterity. Electricians work with small tools and parts that must be handled with care and precision. They often have to climb ladders or enter crawl spaces to perform their jobs.\\nThey are flexible. Electricians are comfortable working at many different sites, under a variety of conditions. They are able to effectively communicate with managers and members of construction teams.\\n1-3. Talk to electricians.\\nIf you're serious about becoming a licensed technician, contact electricians in your area and set up informational interviews.\\nAsk if you can shadow them or help out on a project to experience a day in the life of a technician.\\nSeek a master or licensed electrician willing to take you on as a longer-term helper. This will give you the opportunity to gain some knowledge and experience in the field.\\nAsk for recommendations on trade schools and certification programs in your area.\\n2. Fulfill the Educational Requirements\\n2-1. Obtain a high school diploma or General Equivalency Diploma (GED).\\nMost electrician trade schools and apprenticeship programs require this level of education.\\n2-2. Attend a trade school or vocational school.\\nThe courses offered at trade and vocational schools provide important preparation for entering an electrician apprenticeship program.\\nYou'll learn about electrical theory, circuitry, mathematics, wiring, motor controls and other knowledge important to the trade.\\nConsider taking electrical engineering courses online as an alternative to taking them at a local college or university.\\nSome electrician programs include an apprenticeship program. You will have to complete an apprenticeship program in order to get certified, so a combined coursework/apprenticeship program might be a convenient option.\\n2-3. Enter an electrician apprentice program.\\nMost states require at least two years, and in most cases up to four years, of apprenticeship with a master or licensed electrician before one can take the examination to become a licensed electrician. During an apprenticeship, one earns the title of journeyman electrician. Many apprenticeships combine hands-on experience with classroom instruction. Some organizations that sponsor or provide apprentice programs through local chapters include:\\nInternational Brotherhood of Electrical Workers\\nNational Electrical Contractors Association\\nIndependent Electrical Contractors Association\\nAssociated Builders and Contractors\\n2-4. Study the National Electrical Code.\\nIn order to get licensed to work as an electrician in most states, you will have to demonstrate knowledge of the National Electrical Code, which lays out laws, regulations and other information about safe practices.\\nAfter you receive your license, most states will require continued study of the National Electrical Code. You may have to attend seminars or classes addressing updates to the Code.\\n3. Become a Master Electrician\\n3-1. Get a state license.\\nMost states require that you get a state license in order to practice as an electrician. The license is granted after taking an exam to demonstrate knowledge of the National Electrical Code and local electrical and building codes. In order to take the exam:\\nCandidates must show proof of working as an electrician and having completed an apprenticeship program. State requirements typically call for four to seven years' experience in the trade prior to taking this test.\\nYou must complete an examination application and submit appropriate fees before taking the exam.\\n3-2. Find a job.\\nNow that you have your state license, you are free to work as an electrical contractor in your state. Choose to work with a company of contractors or operate independently.\\nJob search websites have comprehensive job listings in the field of electrical work.\\nGo to job fairs to talk with companies hiring electricians.\\n3-3. Get certified.\\nChoose from a variety of specialized certifications to enhance your career. Certifications vary by state and will help you pursue work as an electrical administrator, a telecommunications contractor, or a specialist in an area like instrumentation.\\nConduct research to determine what certificates may be beneficial to your career as an electrician.\\nTo obtain certification, you will have to demonstrate experience and proficiency in the area you choose by taking an examination.\\nTips\\nCheck requirements in your state before seeking to become a licensed electrician. Some states might require a special license for different types of electrical work, such as industrial versus residential. Other states might have different educational or certification requirements.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're technically adept and interested in providing a service that helps the modern world go round, consider becoming an electrician. Licensed, or master, electricians are highly trained technicians whose responsibilities include everything from replacing an electrical outlet to wiring a newly constructed house or building. This article provides information on the work of an electrician, the educational and training requirements for becoming an electrician, and how to get your license.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepare to Become an Electrician\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand what the job entails.\", \"描述\": \"Electricians work in a variety of settings, including homes, businesses, schools, hospitals - any type of facility that needs electricity to function. Electricians may find themselves working in extremes of heat and cold, indoors and out any time of year. Electricians may also perform electrical work on trains, airplanes, ships and vehicles. Electricians' work includes the following:\\nReading blueprints, or technical diagrams of a work site's electrical wiring.\\nConnecting wires, circuit breakers, and outlets, and replacing or adding wires, circuit breakers, connections, and fuses.\\nUsing specialized equipment, including oscilloscopes, ammeters, ohmmeters and voltmeters, to perform their work.\\nWorking as part of a team in coordination with the construction project manager, homeowner, or building manager of a work site.\\nKnowing and following building codes and regulations to ensure buildings are wired safely.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have an aptitude for electrical work.\", \"描述\": \"Electricians are adept at diagnosing problems and using good judgement and the right techniques to solve them. Electricians have the following traits:\\nThey are detail-oriented. Electricians know that glossing over details in a wiring project could at best result in non-functioning wiring, and at worst create a dangerous situation.\\nThey have strong manual dexterity. Electricians work with small tools and parts that must be handled with care and precision. They often have to climb ladders or enter crawl spaces to perform their jobs.\\nThey are flexible. Electricians are comfortable working at many different sites, under a variety of conditions. They are able to effectively communicate with managers and members of construction teams.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Talk to electricians.\", \"描述\": \"If you're serious about becoming a licensed technician, contact electricians in your area and set up informational interviews.\\nAsk if you can shadow them or help out on a project to experience a day in the life of a technician.\\nSeek a master or licensed electrician willing to take you on as a longer-term helper. This will give you the opportunity to gain some knowledge and experience in the field.\\nAsk for recommendations on trade schools and certification programs in your area.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fulfill the Educational Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain a high school diploma or General Equivalency Diploma (GED).\", \"描述\": \"Most electrician trade schools and apprenticeship programs require this level of education.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attend a trade school or vocational school.\", \"描述\": \"The courses offered at trade and vocational schools provide important preparation for entering an electrician apprenticeship program.\\nYou'll learn about electrical theory, circuitry, mathematics, wiring, motor controls and other knowledge important to the trade.\\nConsider taking electrical engineering courses online as an alternative to taking them at a local college or university.\\nSome electrician programs include an apprenticeship program. You will have to complete an apprenticeship program in order to get certified, so a combined coursework/apprenticeship program might be a convenient option.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enter an electrician apprentice program.\", \"描述\": \"Most states require at least two years, and in most cases up to four years, of apprenticeship with a master or licensed electrician before one can take the examination to become a licensed electrician. During an apprenticeship, one earns the title of journeyman electrician. Many apprenticeships combine hands-on experience with classroom instruction. Some organizations that sponsor or provide apprentice programs through local chapters include:\\nInternational Brotherhood of Electrical Workers\\nNational Electrical Contractors Association\\nIndependent Electrical Contractors Association\\nAssociated Builders and Contractors\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study the National Electrical Code.\", \"描述\": \"In order to get licensed to work as an electrician in most states, you will have to demonstrate knowledge of the National Electrical Code, which lays out laws, regulations and other information about safe practices.\\nAfter you receive your license, most states will require continued study of the National Electrical Code. You may have to attend seminars or classes addressing updates to the Code.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Become a Master Electrician\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a state license.\", \"描述\": \"Most states require that you get a state license in order to practice as an electrician. The license is granted after taking an exam to demonstrate knowledge of the National Electrical Code and local electrical and building codes. In order to take the exam:\\nCandidates must show proof of working as an electrician and having completed an apprenticeship program. State requirements typically call for four to seven years' experience in the trade prior to taking this test.\\nYou must complete an examination application and submit appropriate fees before taking the exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find a job.\", \"描述\": \"Now that you have your state license, you are free to work as an electrical contractor in your state. Choose to work with a company of contractors or operate independently.\\nJob search websites have comprehensive job listings in the field of electrical work.\\nGo to job fairs to talk with companies hiring electricians.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get certified.\", \"描述\": \"Choose from a variety of specialized certifications to enhance your career. Certifications vary by state and will help you pursue work as an electrical administrator, a telecommunications contractor, or a specialist in an area like instrumentation.\\nConduct research to determine what certificates may be beneficial to your career as an electrician.\\nTo obtain certification, you will have to demonstrate experience and proficiency in the area you choose by taking an examination.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Check requirements in your state before seeking to become a licensed electrician. Some states might require a special license for different types of electrical work, such as industrial versus residential. Other states might have different educational or certification requirements.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,489 |
How to Become a Licensed New York State Security Guard
|
1. Getting Your Security Guard License
1-1. Meet the minimum requirements.
To be eligible to be a security guard in New York state, you must meet several basic requirements. If you cannot achieve these, you will not be admitted to a licensing program. You must:
Be at least eighteen years old.
Be a citizen or resident alien of the U.S.
Pass an FBI background check with no serious convictions or felonies.
1-2. Make sure you need a license.
Some people who are involved in security matters are exempt from having to register as a Security Guard in New York. If you fulfill one of the following requirements, you do not need to apply for the New York license:
A security guard subject to registration and training from the federal government.
A volunteer security guard.
Active police officers. If you are employed by a contractual entity, you do need to complete an employee statement, but do not need to be fingerprinted.
Peace officers who are working security as part of their official duties for their primary employer. If you are moonlighting, though, you must register.
1-3. Get your fingerprints.
New York does accept electronic fingerprinting, which you can do through something called L-1 Enrollment Services. Working with the state, they will help you scan your fingerprints, and give your receipts to include with your application.
1-4. Take an eight hour pre-assignment class.
Courses are offered by private security companies and accredited colleges across the state. This course can be slightly different depending on where you take it, but should cover issues including the role of a security officer, legal powers and limitations, emergency preparedness, communications and public relations, access control, and ethics and conduct.
The state provides a list of approved schools you can take courses from. This also includes schools who have had their approval revoked or suspended, so make sure you avoid those places.
1-5. Submit the licensing application.
The application for becoming a security guard in New York is available through the Department of State’s website. You will need to provide personal information, demonstrate that you meet the requirements, and provide additional documentation as needed. This includes your certificate for the 8-hour training course.
If you have a job lined up, and your employment depends on getting the license, there is a section for your employer to fill out as well.
You can fill out the application in English, but also in Spanish, Haitian/Creole, Italian, Korean, Russian, or Chinese.
Make sure to pay the required fees. There is a $36 initial application fee and a $102 fingerprinting fee. When you pay the fees, it must be in the form of mail orders, company checks, or cashier’s checks only, payable to the “NYS Department of State.” The office does not accept personal checks, credit cards, or cash.
1-6. Complete sixteen hours of on-the-job (OTJ) training.
Within the first 90 days you are working as a security guard, New York requires you to complete an additional course while working. This course provides more specific details on the duties and responsibilities of a security guard, and will end with you needing to pass an exam. You can only take this course while employed because much of your work in the course is related to your regular job.
1-7. Get your annual in-service training.
Beyond the training you get early on, New York requires you to get eight hours of annual in-service training as well. This course will review basic information from your training, update you on changes and new information, and is required for annual renewal. You need to take the course within twelve months after finishing your OTJ training. Talk to your employer about making sure you keep up with this requirement, as they will probably not want to lose you just because your license expires.
1-8. Renew your license.
You must renew your license every two years, so be sure to keep that up to date. 90 days before your license expires, the state will mail you a renewal form. You must renew by the expiration date on your license. When you re-apply, include documentation from your in-service training and a $25 fee.
If your registration has not been renewed for 6 months after the expiration date, you must re-apply and re-qualify for the license.
2. Getting Your Armed Security Guard License
2-1. Get a New York Pistol Permit.
In order to apply for an armed security guard license in New York, you must already hold a valid NYS Security Guard license. You must be licensed to carry a gun in New York. You can apply for a permit through the State Police Department. You will need to fill out a PPB-3 Form. This form will ask for basic personal information, along with criminal history, references, full-face photograph, and fingerprints.
2-2. Take a 47 hour firearms training course.
This is the course you need to upgrade your license to an armed security guard. The course consists of seven hours reviewing state laws on the use of force and deadly physical force (Article 35), plus 40 hours of range instruction and qualification. You must have a valid security guard registration card to take the course.
Not all schools offer firearms training, so if you want to do this work at the same place as your eight-hour course, make sure they do offer firearms training.
Some prior jobs will allow you to get a waiver or exemption for firearms training. Active duty and recently retired police and peace officers may not need to take the firearms course depending on your professional experience. Check the state’s website for a full list of waivers and exemptions to see if you qualify.
2-3. Apply for the upgrade.
You will use the Security Guard Change of Status form and include documentation for your firearms training course. This can either be a copy of the certificate for the course, or documentation that shows you have a waiver or exemption. You must also include your current NYS Security Guard license (not a copy) and a $25 fee.
2-4. Get eight hours of annual firearms training.
Each year, you will need eight more hours of firearms training. The course includes three hours reviewing Article 35 and five hours of range instruction and qualification. Since your armed security guard registration is good for two years, that means you will need to complete two sets of eight hour courses between renewal.
2-5. Renew your license.
Just like with a regular security guard license, you must renew your armed license every two years. 90 days before your license expires, the state will mail you a renewal form. You must renew by the expiration date on your license. When you re-apply, include documentation from your annual training courses and a $25 fee. The armed security guard license includes training for the regular license, so you only need to renew that one, not both.
If your registration has not been renewed for six months after the expiration date, you must re-apply and re-qualify for the license.
3. Getting a Job
3-1. Gain additional skills.
The state license is only a minimal step to getting a job as a security guard. To increase your chances of getting hired, consider earning an Associates Degree, or even higher, or learning a second language. These will help you stand out when you apply for a job.
Another thing that might be helpful is previous experience with law enforcement or the military. It’s probably not a good idea to join the military just so you can become a security guard later, but if you have that experience it can be a big help when job hunting.
3-2. Look for a job.
Most security guards work for private companies, including banks, museums, hospitals, office buildings, night clubs, and stores. The majority work for companies that specialize in security services. Look for these jobs being posted in newspapers and job search websites. In addition, you can talk to instructors and other classmates from your licensing courses to see what they know about potential open positions.
3-3. Fix up your resume
Any job you apply for will want to see your resume, so make sure it is clean and up to date. Keep it short, and be sure to highlight the skills you have acquired that will make you a good fit for the position you want. Don’t be afraid to tailor your resume slightly depending on the job you apply for. A good resume can also help a job recruiter find positions that best fit your skills.
3-4. Interview for the job.
If the company likes your resume, and thinks you might be a fit, they will bring you in for an interview. To increase your chances of doing well, make sure to prepare yourself before going. Learn a little about the company so you can specifically talk about how you can help them in the new job.
Prepare yourself for tough questions that usually appear in interviews, like being able to talk about your strengths and weaknesses. Keep your answers short and to the point, and practice saying them that way for when you are asked.
When you learn about the company, make sure you learn about the company culture so you can dress appropriately. If they are a suit-and-tie company, you don’t want to show up in a polo and khakis. When in doubt, it’s always good to overdress.
Tips
You do not need to get a license if you are only installing or servicing a security system alarm.[18]
X
Research source
The eight hour pre-registration course and the sixteen hour OTJ course are the only courses required by the state to get a license. Your employer or education program may ask you to complete additional coursework, but that is not required by New York.
Warnings
Be wary of schools that make promises or guarantees of job employment. If you have concerns about such promised made by your program, contact the state’s Division of Criminal Justice Services.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:07",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Your Security Guard License\\n1-1. Meet the minimum requirements.\\nTo be eligible to be a security guard in New York state, you must meet several basic requirements. If you cannot achieve these, you will not be admitted to a licensing program. You must:\\nBe at least eighteen years old.\\nBe a citizen or resident alien of the U.S.\\nPass an FBI background check with no serious convictions or felonies.\\n1-2. Make sure you need a license.\\nSome people who are involved in security matters are exempt from having to register as a Security Guard in New York. If you fulfill one of the following requirements, you do not need to apply for the New York license:\\nA security guard subject to registration and training from the federal government.\\nA volunteer security guard.\\nActive police officers. If you are employed by a contractual entity, you do need to complete an employee statement, but do not need to be fingerprinted.\\nPeace officers who are working security as part of their official duties for their primary employer. If you are moonlighting, though, you must register.\\n1-3. Get your fingerprints.\\nNew York does accept electronic fingerprinting, which you can do through something called L-1 Enrollment Services. Working with the state, they will help you scan your fingerprints, and give your receipts to include with your application.\\n1-4. Take an eight hour pre-assignment class.\\nCourses are offered by private security companies and accredited colleges across the state. This course can be slightly different depending on where you take it, but should cover issues including the role of a security officer, legal powers and limitations, emergency preparedness, communications and public relations, access control, and ethics and conduct.\\nThe state provides a list of approved schools you can take courses from. This also includes schools who have had their approval revoked or suspended, so make sure you avoid those places.\\n1-5. Submit the licensing application.\\nThe application for becoming a security guard in New York is available through the Department of State’s website. You will need to provide personal information, demonstrate that you meet the requirements, and provide additional documentation as needed. This includes your certificate for the 8-hour training course.\\nIf you have a job lined up, and your employment depends on getting the license, there is a section for your employer to fill out as well.\\nYou can fill out the application in English, but also in Spanish, Haitian/Creole, Italian, Korean, Russian, or Chinese.\\nMake sure to pay the required fees. There is a $36 initial application fee and a $102 fingerprinting fee. When you pay the fees, it must be in the form of mail orders, company checks, or cashier’s checks only, payable to the “NYS Department of State.” The office does not accept personal checks, credit cards, or cash.\\n1-6. Complete sixteen hours of on-the-job (OTJ) training.\\nWithin the first 90 days you are working as a security guard, New York requires you to complete an additional course while working. This course provides more specific details on the duties and responsibilities of a security guard, and will end with you needing to pass an exam. You can only take this course while employed because much of your work in the course is related to your regular job.\\n1-7. Get your annual in-service training.\\nBeyond the training you get early on, New York requires you to get eight hours of annual in-service training as well. This course will review basic information from your training, update you on changes and new information, and is required for annual renewal. You need to take the course within twelve months after finishing your OTJ training. Talk to your employer about making sure you keep up with this requirement, as they will probably not want to lose you just because your license expires.\\n1-8. Renew your license.\\nYou must renew your license every two years, so be sure to keep that up to date. 90 days before your license expires, the state will mail you a renewal form. You must renew by the expiration date on your license. When you re-apply, include documentation from your in-service training and a $25 fee.\\nIf your registration has not been renewed for 6 months after the expiration date, you must re-apply and re-qualify for the license.\\n2. Getting Your Armed Security Guard License\\n2-1. Get a New York Pistol Permit.\\nIn order to apply for an armed security guard license in New York, you must already hold a valid NYS Security Guard license. You must be licensed to carry a gun in New York. You can apply for a permit through the State Police Department. You will need to fill out a PPB-3 Form. This form will ask for basic personal information, along with criminal history, references, full-face photograph, and fingerprints.\\n2-2. Take a 47 hour firearms training course.\\nThis is the course you need to upgrade your license to an armed security guard. The course consists of seven hours reviewing state laws on the use of force and deadly physical force (Article 35), plus 40 hours of range instruction and qualification. You must have a valid security guard registration card to take the course.\\nNot all schools offer firearms training, so if you want to do this work at the same place as your eight-hour course, make sure they do offer firearms training.\\nSome prior jobs will allow you to get a waiver or exemption for firearms training. Active duty and recently retired police and peace officers may not need to take the firearms course depending on your professional experience. Check the state’s website for a full list of waivers and exemptions to see if you qualify.\\n2-3. Apply for the upgrade.\\nYou will use the Security Guard Change of Status form and include documentation for your firearms training course. This can either be a copy of the certificate for the course, or documentation that shows you have a waiver or exemption. You must also include your current NYS Security Guard license (not a copy) and a $25 fee.\\n2-4. Get eight hours of annual firearms training.\\nEach year, you will need eight more hours of firearms training. The course includes three hours reviewing Article 35 and five hours of range instruction and qualification. Since your armed security guard registration is good for two years, that means you will need to complete two sets of eight hour courses between renewal.\\n2-5. Renew your license.\\nJust like with a regular security guard license, you must renew your armed license every two years. 90 days before your license expires, the state will mail you a renewal form. You must renew by the expiration date on your license. When you re-apply, include documentation from your annual training courses and a $25 fee. The armed security guard license includes training for the regular license, so you only need to renew that one, not both.\\nIf your registration has not been renewed for six months after the expiration date, you must re-apply and re-qualify for the license.\\n3. Getting a Job\\n3-1. Gain additional skills.\\nThe state license is only a minimal step to getting a job as a security guard. To increase your chances of getting hired, consider earning an Associates Degree, or even higher, or learning a second language. These will help you stand out when you apply for a job.\\nAnother thing that might be helpful is previous experience with law enforcement or the military. It’s probably not a good idea to join the military just so you can become a security guard later, but if you have that experience it can be a big help when job hunting.\\n3-2. Look for a job.\\nMost security guards work for private companies, including banks, museums, hospitals, office buildings, night clubs, and stores. The majority work for companies that specialize in security services. Look for these jobs being posted in newspapers and job search websites. In addition, you can talk to instructors and other classmates from your licensing courses to see what they know about potential open positions.\\n3-3. Fix up your resume\\nAny job you apply for will want to see your resume, so make sure it is clean and up to date. Keep it short, and be sure to highlight the skills you have acquired that will make you a good fit for the position you want. Don’t be afraid to tailor your resume slightly depending on the job you apply for. A good resume can also help a job recruiter find positions that best fit your skills.\\n3-4. Interview for the job.\\nIf the company likes your resume, and thinks you might be a fit, they will bring you in for an interview. To increase your chances of doing well, make sure to prepare yourself before going. Learn a little about the company so you can specifically talk about how you can help them in the new job.\\nPrepare yourself for tough questions that usually appear in interviews, like being able to talk about your strengths and weaknesses. Keep your answers short and to the point, and practice saying them that way for when you are asked.\\nWhen you learn about the company, make sure you learn about the company culture so you can dress appropriately. If they are a suit-and-tie company, you don’t want to show up in a polo and khakis. When in doubt, it’s always good to overdress.\\nTips\\nYou do not need to get a license if you are only installing or servicing a security system alarm.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nThe eight hour pre-registration course and the sixteen hour OTJ course are the only courses required by the state to get a license. Your employer or education program may ask you to complete additional coursework, but that is not required by New York.\\nWarnings\\nBe wary of schools that make promises or guarantees of job employment. If you have concerns about such promised made by your program, contact the state’s Division of Criminal Justice Services.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a security guard is a great way to help protect people and property. Job opportunities are excellent, and you only need a high school diploma or the equivalent to become one. Like most states, New York will also require you to get a security guard license to get a job in the state. In New York, you need a security guard license if you are employed to protect people and/or property, observe and report unlawful activity, patrol streets, or respond to a security system alarm.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Your Security Guard License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meet the minimum requirements.\", \"描述\": \"To be eligible to be a security guard in New York state, you must meet several basic requirements. If you cannot achieve these, you will not be admitted to a licensing program. You must:\\nBe at least eighteen years old.\\nBe a citizen or resident alien of the U.S.\\nPass an FBI background check with no serious convictions or felonies.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make sure you need a license.\", \"描述\": \"Some people who are involved in security matters are exempt from having to register as a Security Guard in New York. If you fulfill one of the following requirements, you do not need to apply for the New York license:\\nA security guard subject to registration and training from the federal government.\\nA volunteer security guard.\\nActive police officers. If you are employed by a contractual entity, you do need to complete an employee statement, but do not need to be fingerprinted.\\nPeace officers who are working security as part of their official duties for their primary employer. If you are moonlighting, though, you must register.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get your fingerprints.\", \"描述\": \"New York does accept electronic fingerprinting, which you can do through something called L-1 Enrollment Services. Working with the state, they will help you scan your fingerprints, and give your receipts to include with your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take an eight hour pre-assignment class.\", \"描述\": \"Courses are offered by private security companies and accredited colleges across the state. This course can be slightly different depending on where you take it, but should cover issues including the role of a security officer, legal powers and limitations, emergency preparedness, communications and public relations, access control, and ethics and conduct.\\nThe state provides a list of approved schools you can take courses from. This also includes schools who have had their approval revoked or suspended, so make sure you avoid those places.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Submit the licensing application.\", \"描述\": \"The application for becoming a security guard in New York is available through the Department of State’s website. You will need to provide personal information, demonstrate that you meet the requirements, and provide additional documentation as needed. This includes your certificate for the 8-hour training course.\\nIf you have a job lined up, and your employment depends on getting the license, there is a section for your employer to fill out as well.\\nYou can fill out the application in English, but also in Spanish, Haitian/Creole, Italian, Korean, Russian, or Chinese.\\nMake sure to pay the required fees. There is a $36 initial application fee and a $102 fingerprinting fee. When you pay the fees, it must be in the form of mail orders, company checks, or cashier’s checks only, payable to the “NYS Department of State.” The office does not accept personal checks, credit cards, or cash.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Complete sixteen hours of on-the-job (OTJ) training.\", \"描述\": \"Within the first 90 days you are working as a security guard, New York requires you to complete an additional course while working. This course provides more specific details on the duties and responsibilities of a security guard, and will end with you needing to pass an exam. You can only take this course while employed because much of your work in the course is related to your regular job.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Get your annual in-service training.\", \"描述\": \"Beyond the training you get early on, New York requires you to get eight hours of annual in-service training as well. This course will review basic information from your training, update you on changes and new information, and is required for annual renewal. You need to take the course within twelve months after finishing your OTJ training. Talk to your employer about making sure you keep up with this requirement, as they will probably not want to lose you just because your license expires.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Renew your license.\", \"描述\": \"You must renew your license every two years, so be sure to keep that up to date. 90 days before your license expires, the state will mail you a renewal form. You must renew by the expiration date on your license. When you re-apply, include documentation from your in-service training and a $25 fee.\\nIf your registration has not been renewed for 6 months after the expiration date, you must re-apply and re-qualify for the license.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Your Armed Security Guard License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a New York Pistol Permit.\", \"描述\": \"In order to apply for an armed security guard license in New York, you must already hold a valid NYS Security Guard license. You must be licensed to carry a gun in New York. You can apply for a permit through the State Police Department. You will need to fill out a PPB-3 Form. This form will ask for basic personal information, along with criminal history, references, full-face photograph, and fingerprints.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take a 47 hour firearms training course.\", \"描述\": \"This is the course you need to upgrade your license to an armed security guard. The course consists of seven hours reviewing state laws on the use of force and deadly physical force (Article 35), plus 40 hours of range instruction and qualification. You must have a valid security guard registration card to take the course.\\nNot all schools offer firearms training, so if you want to do this work at the same place as your eight-hour course, make sure they do offer firearms training.\\nSome prior jobs will allow you to get a waiver or exemption for firearms training. Active duty and recently retired police and peace officers may not need to take the firearms course depending on your professional experience. Check the state’s website for a full list of waivers and exemptions to see if you qualify.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for the upgrade.\", \"描述\": \"You will use the Security Guard Change of Status form and include documentation for your firearms training course. This can either be a copy of the certificate for the course, or documentation that shows you have a waiver or exemption. You must also include your current NYS Security Guard license (not a copy) and a $25 fee.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get eight hours of annual firearms training.\", \"描述\": \"Each year, you will need eight more hours of firearms training. The course includes three hours reviewing Article 35 and five hours of range instruction and qualification. Since your armed security guard registration is good for two years, that means you will need to complete two sets of eight hour courses between renewal.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Renew your license.\", \"描述\": \"Just like with a regular security guard license, you must renew your armed license every two years. 90 days before your license expires, the state will mail you a renewal form. You must renew by the expiration date on your license. When you re-apply, include documentation from your annual training courses and a $25 fee. The armed security guard license includes training for the regular license, so you only need to renew that one, not both.\\nIf your registration has not been renewed for six months after the expiration date, you must re-apply and re-qualify for the license.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting a Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gain additional skills.\", \"描述\": \"The state license is only a minimal step to getting a job as a security guard. To increase your chances of getting hired, consider earning an Associates Degree, or even higher, or learning a second language. These will help you stand out when you apply for a job.\\nAnother thing that might be helpful is previous experience with law enforcement or the military. It’s probably not a good idea to join the military just so you can become a security guard later, but if you have that experience it can be a big help when job hunting.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for a job.\", \"描述\": \"Most security guards work for private companies, including banks, museums, hospitals, office buildings, night clubs, and stores. The majority work for companies that specialize in security services. Look for these jobs being posted in newspapers and job search websites. In addition, you can talk to instructors and other classmates from your licensing courses to see what they know about potential open positions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Fix up your resume\", \"描述\": \"Any job you apply for will want to see your resume, so make sure it is clean and up to date. Keep it short, and be sure to highlight the skills you have acquired that will make you a good fit for the position you want. Don’t be afraid to tailor your resume slightly depending on the job you apply for. A good resume can also help a job recruiter find positions that best fit your skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Interview for the job.\", \"描述\": \"If the company likes your resume, and thinks you might be a fit, they will bring you in for an interview. To increase your chances of doing well, make sure to prepare yourself before going. Learn a little about the company so you can specifically talk about how you can help them in the new job.\\nPrepare yourself for tough questions that usually appear in interviews, like being able to talk about your strengths and weaknesses. Keep your answers short and to the point, and practice saying them that way for when you are asked.\\nWhen you learn about the company, make sure you learn about the company culture so you can dress appropriately. If they are a suit-and-tie company, you don’t want to show up in a polo and khakis. When in doubt, it’s always good to overdress.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You do not need to get a license if you are only installing or servicing a security system alarm.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"The eight hour pre-registration course and the sixteen hour OTJ course are the only courses required by the state to get a license. Your employer or education program may ask you to complete additional coursework, but that is not required by New York.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be wary of schools that make promises or guarantees of job employment. If you have concerns about such promised made by your program, contact the state’s Division of Criminal Justice Services.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,490 |
How to Become a Licensed Real Estate Agent in Florida
|
1. Completing Your Training
1-1. Earn your high school diploma.
To become a licensed real estate agent in Florida, you need to graduate from high school. If you're older than the traditional high school student but need to meet this requirement, pass the General Education Development (GED) test as an alternative.
You must also be at least 18 years old to earn your license.
To prepare for a real estate career in high school, take advantage of math classes, particularly statistics.
1-2. Take a pre-license sales education course.
Before you can take the real estate licensing exam, you must complete a 63-hour pre-licensing class approved by the Florida Real Estate Commission (FREC). A completed course is valid for up to 2 years after completion, so make sure your course has not expired before submitting your application.
Access the official list of approved pre-license courses here: http://www.myfloridalicense.com/dbpr/servop/testing/documents/frec_slpre_prov.pdf?x40199
If you have a physical disability, you may qualify for an alternative course if you're unable to attend the class in person. Contact the Division of Real Estate in the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation for more information: http://www.myfloridalicense.com/DBPR/
1-3. Major in real estate as an alternative.
If you complete a bachelor's degree in real estate, you are exempt from taking both the sales associate and broker license tests. Choose this option if you're planning to get a college degree and want additional training for your real estate career.
Receiving a college degree is completely optional. Many real estate agents complete their education with their high school diploma.
You do not need to receive your degree from a Florida college. Any accredited U.S. college degree fills this requirement.
1-4. Take the test immediately if you are a practicing lawyer.
Any attorney in good standing with the Florida Bar qualifies to take the licensing exam. If you're a lawyer, skip the pre-licensing class and include a copy of your current Bar card in your application.
If you pass the licensing exam, you'll still need to take post-licensing courses before you can renew it later on.
2. Earning Your License
2-1. Submit your licensing application online.
You will need to include information about your educational history, your professional background, and your identity (including your social security number). Once you've completed the application, submit it and pay the corresponding fee. Your application can take between 3-6 weeks to process, so submit your application at least 6 weeks before you plan to take the test.
You can submit your application by making an account on My Florida License: https://www.myfloridalicense.com
If you prefer, you can download a printable application from this link and mail it to the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR): https://www.myfloridalicense.com/intentions2.asp?chBoard=true&SID=&boardid=25&professionid=25A
You will need to pay a fee of $89 USD to submit your application.
2-2. Get a background check and order electronic fingerprinting.
Along with your application, you must also submit a background check and electronic fingerprints from a Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE)-approved Livescan vendor. Submit your background check and fingerprints to the DBPR at least 5 days before you submit your application.
You can find a list of FDLE-approved vendors here: https://www.myfloridacfo.com/division/agents/licensure/agents-adjusters/fingerprinting.htm
Once you've chosen a vendor, contact their company directly to order a background check and electronic fingerprints.
2-3. Bring 2 forms of identification and your course certification to your exam.
Once you've signed up for an exam date, you will need to bring 2 forms of identification with your signature. At least 1 of the IDs must have a photo. You will also need your course certification from your pre-license education class, so plan ahead and prepare both to bring to the testing center.
The licensing exam is administered by Pearson VUE. To sign up for an exam date, visit their website and enter "Florida Real Estate" into the program search engine: https://home.pearsonvue.com/
Bring any of the following state-issued IDs to your exam: your driver's license, U.S. passport, alien registration card, military ID, or state identification card.
Real estate licensing tests are usually offered weekly or monthly.
2-4. Pass the licensing exam with at least a 75% grade.
The official Florida Real Estate Sales Associate Exam consists of 100 multiple-choice questions on the following subjects: Florida and Federal Laws, Real Estate Principles and Practices, and Real Estate-Based Math Equations. To earn your license, you must pass the official exam with a grade of at least 75 out of 100.
The fee to take the exam is $105 USD. Veterans and spouses of veterans are, however, eligible for a fee waiver.
If you do not pass the exam and need to schedule a retake, you must wait at least 24 hours before scheduling a new exam time. There is no limit to how many times you can take the test.
You should be able to see your results immediately after taking the test.
2-5. Apply for work as a real estate associate.
If you've passed the licensing test, you must become employed before you officially have a license. Look for licensed real estate brokers in your area who are hiring and apply for jobs under their brokerage.
Most real estate agents are paid on commission. Ask your potential broker how they plan to split the profits from each sale before you sign on with their brokerage.
If you're not sure how to tell if a profit split is good or bad, ask an established real estate associate for advice.
2-6. Activate your license with your broker.
Once you've passed the exam, ask your new employer to submit a DBPR RE 11 form under their name. This will confirm that they have sponsored you as an employee and officially activate your license.
Your employer will submit this form to the Division of Real Estate in the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation.
3. Pursuing Further Training and Maintaining Your License
3-1. Take a 45-hour post-licensing course before you renew your license.
All real estate agents must take a post-licensing course approved by the FREC before they can renew their license. Check the expiration date on your license and plan to take the course in advance to prevent any renewal delays.
3-2.
You'll need to renew your license every 2 years to maintain it.
Take this course at least 6 months before you plan to renew your license.
Contact the FREC to find valid post-licensing courses offered in your area. You can contact a local chapter online via the Florida Department of Business & Professional Regulations.
3-3. Renew your license online or by phone.
Once you've completed your post-licensing course and need to renew your license, apply for renewal on the DBPR website or by calling. You will need to affirm that you have taken the required course and pay a fee of $65 USD.
The DBPR phone number for license renewal is: (850) 487-1395
If you renew your license past the expiration date, you'll need to pay a $45 USD late fee.
3-4. Apply for a broker license.
To become a real estate broker, complete 24 months of real estate experience within at least a 5-year period. You must also hold a current real estate sales associate license. Send an application to the DBPR and pass the official broker licensing test to meet the broker requirements in Florida.
You can read more about the broker license application here: https://www.myfloridalicense.com/intentions2.asp?chBoard=true&SID=&boardid=25&professionid=25B
Potential brokers must also pass a 72 hour pre-licensing course approved by the FREC.
3-5. Become a real estate instructor.
If you want to teach education courses at a college, technical school, or real estate school, earn a bachelor's degree in real estate or a business-related major (like accounting, finance, or business administration). Once you pass an instructor's exam approved by the FREC and submit an application to the DBPR, you will be qualified to teach real estate courses in Florida.
You can read more about the real estate instructor application here: https://www.myfloridalicense.com/CheckListDetail.asp?SID=&xactCode=1010&clientCode=2505&XACT_DEFN_ID=301
Tips
You do not need to be a Florida resident to earn a real estate agent license. As long as you have a U.S. social security number, you qualify for licensing.[14]
X
Research source
The Florida DBPR maintains mutual reciprocity with 10 states: Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Tennessee. That means that if you are licensed in any of these states, you may be able to waive the testing and educational requirements to receive your license. Contact the DBPR for more information.[15]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:08",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Completing Your Training\\n1-1. Earn your high school diploma.\\nTo become a licensed real estate agent in Florida, you need to graduate from high school. If you're older than the traditional high school student but need to meet this requirement, pass the General Education Development (GED) test as an alternative.\\nYou must also be at least 18 years old to earn your license.\\nTo prepare for a real estate career in high school, take advantage of math classes, particularly statistics.\\n1-2. Take a pre-license sales education course.\\nBefore you can take the real estate licensing exam, you must complete a 63-hour pre-licensing class approved by the Florida Real Estate Commission (FREC). A completed course is valid for up to 2 years after completion, so make sure your course has not expired before submitting your application. \\nAccess the official list of approved pre-license courses here: http://www.myfloridalicense.com/dbpr/servop/testing/documents/frec_slpre_prov.pdf?x40199\\nIf you have a physical disability, you may qualify for an alternative course if you're unable to attend the class in person. Contact the Division of Real Estate in the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation for more information: http://www.myfloridalicense.com/DBPR/\\n1-3. Major in real estate as an alternative.\\nIf you complete a bachelor's degree in real estate, you are exempt from taking both the sales associate and broker license tests. Choose this option if you're planning to get a college degree and want additional training for your real estate career.\\nReceiving a college degree is completely optional. Many real estate agents complete their education with their high school diploma.\\nYou do not need to receive your degree from a Florida college. Any accredited U.S. college degree fills this requirement.\\n1-4. Take the test immediately if you are a practicing lawyer.\\nAny attorney in good standing with the Florida Bar qualifies to take the licensing exam. If you're a lawyer, skip the pre-licensing class and include a copy of your current Bar card in your application.\\nIf you pass the licensing exam, you'll still need to take post-licensing courses before you can renew it later on.\\n2. Earning Your License\\n2-1. Submit your licensing application online.\\nYou will need to include information about your educational history, your professional background, and your identity (including your social security number). Once you've completed the application, submit it and pay the corresponding fee. Your application can take between 3-6 weeks to process, so submit your application at least 6 weeks before you plan to take the test.\\nYou can submit your application by making an account on My Florida License: https://www.myfloridalicense.com\\nIf you prefer, you can download a printable application from this link and mail it to the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR): https://www.myfloridalicense.com/intentions2.asp?chBoard=true&SID=&boardid=25&professionid=25A\\nYou will need to pay a fee of $89 USD to submit your application.\\n2-2. Get a background check and order electronic fingerprinting.\\nAlong with your application, you must also submit a background check and electronic fingerprints from a Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE)-approved Livescan vendor. Submit your background check and fingerprints to the DBPR at least 5 days before you submit your application.\\nYou can find a list of FDLE-approved vendors here: https://www.myfloridacfo.com/division/agents/licensure/agents-adjusters/fingerprinting.htm\\nOnce you've chosen a vendor, contact their company directly to order a background check and electronic fingerprints.\\n2-3. Bring 2 forms of identification and your course certification to your exam.\\nOnce you've signed up for an exam date, you will need to bring 2 forms of identification with your signature. At least 1 of the IDs must have a photo. You will also need your course certification from your pre-license education class, so plan ahead and prepare both to bring to the testing center.\\nThe licensing exam is administered by Pearson VUE. To sign up for an exam date, visit their website and enter \\\"Florida Real Estate\\\" into the program search engine: https://home.pearsonvue.com/\\nBring any of the following state-issued IDs to your exam: your driver's license, U.S. passport, alien registration card, military ID, or state identification card.\\nReal estate licensing tests are usually offered weekly or monthly.\\n2-4. Pass the licensing exam with at least a 75% grade.\\nThe official Florida Real Estate Sales Associate Exam consists of 100 multiple-choice questions on the following subjects: Florida and Federal Laws, Real Estate Principles and Practices, and Real Estate-Based Math Equations. To earn your license, you must pass the official exam with a grade of at least 75 out of 100.\\nThe fee to take the exam is $105 USD. Veterans and spouses of veterans are, however, eligible for a fee waiver.\\nIf you do not pass the exam and need to schedule a retake, you must wait at least 24 hours before scheduling a new exam time. There is no limit to how many times you can take the test.\\nYou should be able to see your results immediately after taking the test.\\n2-5. Apply for work as a real estate associate.\\nIf you've passed the licensing test, you must become employed before you officially have a license. Look for licensed real estate brokers in your area who are hiring and apply for jobs under their brokerage.\\nMost real estate agents are paid on commission. Ask your potential broker how they plan to split the profits from each sale before you sign on with their brokerage.\\nIf you're not sure how to tell if a profit split is good or bad, ask an established real estate associate for advice.\\n2-6. Activate your license with your broker.\\nOnce you've passed the exam, ask your new employer to submit a DBPR RE 11 form under their name. This will confirm that they have sponsored you as an employee and officially activate your license.\\nYour employer will submit this form to the Division of Real Estate in the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation.\\n3. Pursuing Further Training and Maintaining Your License\\n3-1. Take a 45-hour post-licensing course before you renew your license.\\nAll real estate agents must take a post-licensing course approved by the FREC before they can renew their license. Check the expiration date on your license and plan to take the course in advance to prevent any renewal delays.\\n3-2. \\nYou'll need to renew your license every 2 years to maintain it.\\nTake this course at least 6 months before you plan to renew your license.\\nContact the FREC to find valid post-licensing courses offered in your area. You can contact a local chapter online via the Florida Department of Business & Professional Regulations.\\n3-3. Renew your license online or by phone.\\nOnce you've completed your post-licensing course and need to renew your license, apply for renewal on the DBPR website or by calling. You will need to affirm that you have taken the required course and pay a fee of $65 USD.\\nThe DBPR phone number for license renewal is: (850) 487-1395\\nIf you renew your license past the expiration date, you'll need to pay a $45 USD late fee.\\n3-4. Apply for a broker license.\\nTo become a real estate broker, complete 24 months of real estate experience within at least a 5-year period. You must also hold a current real estate sales associate license. Send an application to the DBPR and pass the official broker licensing test to meet the broker requirements in Florida.\\nYou can read more about the broker license application here: https://www.myfloridalicense.com/intentions2.asp?chBoard=true&SID=&boardid=25&professionid=25B\\nPotential brokers must also pass a 72 hour pre-licensing course approved by the FREC.\\n3-5. Become a real estate instructor.\\nIf you want to teach education courses at a college, technical school, or real estate school, earn a bachelor's degree in real estate or a business-related major (like accounting, finance, or business administration). Once you pass an instructor's exam approved by the FREC and submit an application to the DBPR, you will be qualified to teach real estate courses in Florida.\\nYou can read more about the real estate instructor application here: https://www.myfloridalicense.com/CheckListDetail.asp?SID=&xactCode=1010&clientCode=2505&XACT_DEFN_ID=301\\nTips\\nYou do not need to be a Florida resident to earn a real estate agent license. As long as you have a U.S. social security number, you qualify for licensing.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nThe Florida DBPR maintains mutual reciprocity with 10 states: Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Tennessee. That means that if you are licensed in any of these states, you may be able to waive the testing and educational requirements to receive your license. Contact the DBPR for more information.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Real estate is a great career if you'd love to help people find the home of their dreams. The first step to becoming a real estate agent in Florida is taking an approved pre-licensing education course. After that, you're qualified to take the official licensing test and, if you pass, sign on for employment with a real estate broker. As long as you periodically renew your license and take all necessary post-licensing education courses, you'll be all set to work as a real estate agent in Florida!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Completing Your Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Earn your high school diploma.\", \"描述\": \"To become a licensed real estate agent in Florida, you need to graduate from high school. If you're older than the traditional high school student but need to meet this requirement, pass the General Education Development (GED) test as an alternative.\\nYou must also be at least 18 years old to earn your license.\\nTo prepare for a real estate career in high school, take advantage of math classes, particularly statistics.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take a pre-license sales education course.\", \"描述\": \"Before you can take the real estate licensing exam, you must complete a 63-hour pre-licensing class approved by the Florida Real Estate Commission (FREC). A completed course is valid for up to 2 years after completion, so make sure your course has not expired before submitting your application. \\nAccess the official list of approved pre-license courses here: http://www.myfloridalicense.com/dbpr/servop/testing/documents/frec_slpre_prov.pdf?x40199\\nIf you have a physical disability, you may qualify for an alternative course if you're unable to attend the class in person. Contact the Division of Real Estate in the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation for more information: http://www.myfloridalicense.com/DBPR/\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Major in real estate as an alternative.\", \"描述\": \"If you complete a bachelor's degree in real estate, you are exempt from taking both the sales associate and broker license tests. Choose this option if you're planning to get a college degree and want additional training for your real estate career.\\nReceiving a college degree is completely optional. Many real estate agents complete their education with their high school diploma.\\nYou do not need to receive your degree from a Florida college. Any accredited U.S. college degree fills this requirement.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the test immediately if you are a practicing lawyer.\", \"描述\": \"Any attorney in good standing with the Florida Bar qualifies to take the licensing exam. If you're a lawyer, skip the pre-licensing class and include a copy of your current Bar card in your application.\\nIf you pass the licensing exam, you'll still need to take post-licensing courses before you can renew it later on.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earning Your License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Submit your licensing application online.\", \"描述\": \"You will need to include information about your educational history, your professional background, and your identity (including your social security number). Once you've completed the application, submit it and pay the corresponding fee. Your application can take between 3-6 weeks to process, so submit your application at least 6 weeks before you plan to take the test.\\nYou can submit your application by making an account on My Florida License: https://www.myfloridalicense.com\\nIf you prefer, you can download a printable application from this link and mail it to the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation (DBPR): https://www.myfloridalicense.com/intentions2.asp?chBoard=true&SID=&boardid=25&professionid=25A\\nYou will need to pay a fee of $89 USD to submit your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a background check and order electronic fingerprinting.\", \"描述\": \"Along with your application, you must also submit a background check and electronic fingerprints from a Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE)-approved Livescan vendor. Submit your background check and fingerprints to the DBPR at least 5 days before you submit your application.\\nYou can find a list of FDLE-approved vendors here: https://www.myfloridacfo.com/division/agents/licensure/agents-adjusters/fingerprinting.htm\\nOnce you've chosen a vendor, contact their company directly to order a background check and electronic fingerprints.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Bring 2 forms of identification and your course certification to your exam.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've signed up for an exam date, you will need to bring 2 forms of identification with your signature. At least 1 of the IDs must have a photo. You will also need your course certification from your pre-license education class, so plan ahead and prepare both to bring to the testing center.\\nThe licensing exam is administered by Pearson VUE. To sign up for an exam date, visit their website and enter \\\"Florida Real Estate\\\" into the program search engine: https://home.pearsonvue.com/\\nBring any of the following state-issued IDs to your exam: your driver's license, U.S. passport, alien registration card, military ID, or state identification card.\\nReal estate licensing tests are usually offered weekly or monthly.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pass the licensing exam with at least a 75% grade.\", \"描述\": \"The official Florida Real Estate Sales Associate Exam consists of 100 multiple-choice questions on the following subjects: Florida and Federal Laws, Real Estate Principles and Practices, and Real Estate-Based Math Equations. To earn your license, you must pass the official exam with a grade of at least 75 out of 100.\\nThe fee to take the exam is $105 USD. Veterans and spouses of veterans are, however, eligible for a fee waiver.\\nIf you do not pass the exam and need to schedule a retake, you must wait at least 24 hours before scheduling a new exam time. There is no limit to how many times you can take the test.\\nYou should be able to see your results immediately after taking the test.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply for work as a real estate associate.\", \"描述\": \"If you've passed the licensing test, you must become employed before you officially have a license. Look for licensed real estate brokers in your area who are hiring and apply for jobs under their brokerage.\\nMost real estate agents are paid on commission. Ask your potential broker how they plan to split the profits from each sale before you sign on with their brokerage.\\nIf you're not sure how to tell if a profit split is good or bad, ask an established real estate associate for advice.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Activate your license with your broker.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've passed the exam, ask your new employer to submit a DBPR RE 11 form under their name. This will confirm that they have sponsored you as an employee and officially activate your license.\\nYour employer will submit this form to the Division of Real Estate in the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pursuing Further Training and Maintaining Your License\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take a 45-hour post-licensing course before you renew your license.\", \"描述\": \"All real estate agents must take a post-licensing course approved by the FREC before they can renew their license. Check the expiration date on your license and plan to take the course in advance to prevent any renewal delays.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"\", \"描述\": \"You'll need to renew your license every 2 years to maintain it.\\nTake this course at least 6 months before you plan to renew your license.\\nContact the FREC to find valid post-licensing courses offered in your area. You can contact a local chapter online via the Florida Department of Business & Professional Regulations.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Renew your license online or by phone.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've completed your post-licensing course and need to renew your license, apply for renewal on the DBPR website or by calling. You will need to affirm that you have taken the required course and pay a fee of $65 USD.\\nThe DBPR phone number for license renewal is: (850) 487-1395\\nIf you renew your license past the expiration date, you'll need to pay a $45 USD late fee.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for a broker license.\", \"描述\": \"To become a real estate broker, complete 24 months of real estate experience within at least a 5-year period. You must also hold a current real estate sales associate license. Send an application to the DBPR and pass the official broker licensing test to meet the broker requirements in Florida.\\nYou can read more about the broker license application here: https://www.myfloridalicense.com/intentions2.asp?chBoard=true&SID=&boardid=25&professionid=25B\\nPotential brokers must also pass a 72 hour pre-licensing course approved by the FREC.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Become a real estate instructor.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to teach education courses at a college, technical school, or real estate school, earn a bachelor's degree in real estate or a business-related major (like accounting, finance, or business administration). Once you pass an instructor's exam approved by the FREC and submit an application to the DBPR, you will be qualified to teach real estate courses in Florida.\\nYou can read more about the real estate instructor application here: https://www.myfloridalicense.com/CheckListDetail.asp?SID=&xactCode=1010&clientCode=2505&XACT_DEFN_ID=301\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You do not need to be a Florida resident to earn a real estate agent license. As long as you have a U.S. social security number, you qualify for licensing.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"The Florida DBPR maintains mutual reciprocity with 10 states: Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Tennessee. That means that if you are licensed in any of these states, you may be able to waive the testing and educational requirements to receive your license. Contact the DBPR for more information.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,491 |
How to Become a Licensed Social Worker
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1. Attaining a Masters of Social Work Degree
1-1. Apply for an accredited Masters of Social Work (MSW) graduate degree.
Although some states will grant varying degrees of licensure to workers who have a Bachelors of Social Work (BSW), most clinical social workers are required to have an MSW in order to attain a license to practice.
While a BSW is generally a strong asset for entering a MSW program, many programs will also consider applicants with a broad range of degrees. Having an undergraduate degree in a related field such as psychology or sociology will also help your chances of admission. If you do not have a BSW, your program will most likely require 60 semester hour credits whereas BSW applicants may complete 30 semester hour credits.
If your undergraduate degree is in a field unrelated to social work, consider volunteering at an organization that performs social work, such as a shelter for women and children, a mental health clinic, or an after-school program for at-risk youth. This will indicate to the admissions committee of your MSW of your interest in their program.
1-2. Spend significant time preparing your application materials.
Most MSW programs will require a good GPA (3.00 or higher), GRE scores, 3-4 letters of recommendation, and a 1-3 page application essay. You should consult the career center at your undergraduate institution for guidance on tailoring your application materials to each MSW program. They can also give you advice on improving your resume and help you study for the GRE.
Make sure that your MSW program is accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). There are more than 238 accredited MSW programs and you can find a directory of these programs here: [1]
1-3. Select a specialty in your MSW.
Most MSW programs will require you to select a particular field of focus in your research. You will have to consider if you wish to work in a clinical or non-clinical setting, as clinical work will require that you obtain a license as a mental health practitioner. You may also have to focus on a particular population of people to work with, such as children, families, the elderly, or veterans. Other programs offer specializations in substance abuse, community development, corporate organization, health care and education.
1-4. Complete your field work or internship.
Most MSW programs will require that you complete at least 900 hours of fieldwork with a diverse range of clients in the community. As you are researching potential MSW programs, consider what kinds of organizations they have as fieldwork partners in the community.
You should also select fieldwork opportunities that afford practical skills that can be applied to a broad range of positions. This will include skills such as conflict resolution, project management, grant writing, data analysis, etc. Being able to express how your degree has given you hands-on experience practicing in-demand skills will distinguish you from other candidates.
2. Working in a Supervised Position
2-1. Complete 2-3 years of work in a supervised position.
In most states, you cannot obtain a license for clinical work immediately after graduating from your MSW program. Instead, you are required to complete an extended period of paid, full-time work—usually ranging between 3,000h to 4,000h—after you obtain your MSW but before you take a clinical licensing exam. For all the requirements for your particular state, you should consult the Association of Social Work Boards.[2]
Many states also require supervised work for nonclinical social workers in addition to clinical social workers.
2-2. Consult the career center at your graduate university for help in finding a supervised position.
You will probably already have a professional network in place from your field work experience during your MSW; you should explore all your connections from your field work to look for supervised work. You should also talk to your professors, your colleagues, and alumni from your program about potential job opportunities.
You can conduct a nation-wide search for supervised work at the JobLink section of the National Association of Social Workers web site.[3]. You can also check job listings on government websites for health and human services, hospitals and mental health clinics, school districts for educational roles, etc.
2-3. Find an appropriate supervisor.
Many states require that your supervisor have a degree in Licensed Clinical Social Work (LCSW) and an MSW if you are being supervised for clinical work. That means you cannot complete work under a supervisor who has a different kind of license for mental health care. Make sure that your supervisor is approved by your state's chapter of the Association of Social Work Board; you do not want to spend time working in a position that will not count toward the hours you need in order to take the licensing exam because your supervisor does not have the appropriate credentials.
2-4. Fulfill the required hours of work.
Most states require a minimum number of hours in order to apply for a license; generally, this is around 3,000 hours. You must also document these hours according to your state's requirements.
3. Passing Your ASWB Social Work Licensing Exam
3-1. Register for your state's Association of Social Work Board (ASWB) social work licensing exam.
After you have completed your supervised work requirements, you will need to pass your state's licensing exam. There are four types of exams at different levels: bachelors, masters, clinical or advanced generalist. Most states require the clinical or advanced generalist after your supervised work, but you should check with your state's ASWB for their specific requirements. You have to be approved by your state's board before registering for the exam.
The fee for a Bachelors or Masters Exam is $230. The fee for the advanced generalist or clinical exam is $260.
3-2. Learn about the format of the test.
The exam generally takes four hours and covers 170 multiple choice questions. It is graded on a pass-fail basis, with most states requiring a 70-75% score in order to pass. The ASWB offers a number of resources to help you study for the test. These include study guides such as the ASWB Guide to Social Work Exams (updated for 2015) which is available in print or ebook form. They also provide an on-line practice test for $85. Individual states may also require additional oral and written forms of examination to obtain a license.
3-3. Study for the test.
The questions will generally cover a range of topics pertaining to clinical practice, especially human behavior and development and standards for diagnosis and assessment, as well as the standards for care in psychotherapy and other clinical interactions.
Consider taking a review course prior to taking the exam. This course could be offered by your graduate university or your state's chapter of the NASW. The course will give you a comprehensive view of what kinds of questions you can expect to encounter on the test as well as providing helpful study guides and strategies.
Design a study schedule that works for you over an extended period of time. Do not cram for the test a few days before you take it. Give yourself time to practice a diverse range of questions for the test. Consider finding a study partner who will help you study over a series of weeks or months to prepare.
3-4. Receive your results.
Because most states require that you have approval from the ASWB in order to register for the exam, the ASWB will also inform you of your results. In 2014, the pass rate for the clinical exam was 77.8%. If you fail the exam, the ASWB will provide you an overview of your performance on the exam so you will know which areas require improvement. Some states limit the number of times you can re-take the exam, and all states require at least 90 days before you can register for the exam again.
3-5. Remain current on your state's licensing requirements.
After you pass your social work licensing exam, you should check on your state's ASWB requirements for keeping your license active and up-to-date. These might include additional certification or educational requirements. Keep in mind that if you move to another state, you will most likely need to recertify since each state has different requirements.
If the state you're applying for the new license has higher standards, you might have to meet that criteria before you're able to get the license in that other state.
Tips
Check the age requirements in your state to ensure that you have passed the minimum age prior to registering for your exam.
After you obtain your license, register with the National Association of Social Workers so you can obtain transferable credentials if you have to relocate to another state.
Foreign degrees in social work can be recognized in the United States by the International Social Work Degree Equivalency Recognition Service provided through the Council on Social Work Education. Additional state licensing requirements still apply to individuals with recognized foreign degrees.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:08",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Attaining a Masters of Social Work Degree\\n1-1. Apply for an accredited Masters of Social Work (MSW) graduate degree.\\nAlthough some states will grant varying degrees of licensure to workers who have a Bachelors of Social Work (BSW), most clinical social workers are required to have an MSW in order to attain a license to practice.\\nWhile a BSW is generally a strong asset for entering a MSW program, many programs will also consider applicants with a broad range of degrees. Having an undergraduate degree in a related field such as psychology or sociology will also help your chances of admission. If you do not have a BSW, your program will most likely require 60 semester hour credits whereas BSW applicants may complete 30 semester hour credits.\\nIf your undergraduate degree is in a field unrelated to social work, consider volunteering at an organization that performs social work, such as a shelter for women and children, a mental health clinic, or an after-school program for at-risk youth. This will indicate to the admissions committee of your MSW of your interest in their program.\\n1-2. Spend significant time preparing your application materials.\\nMost MSW programs will require a good GPA (3.00 or higher), GRE scores, 3-4 letters of recommendation, and a 1-3 page application essay. You should consult the career center at your undergraduate institution for guidance on tailoring your application materials to each MSW program. They can also give you advice on improving your resume and help you study for the GRE.\\nMake sure that your MSW program is accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). There are more than 238 accredited MSW programs and you can find a directory of these programs here: [1]\\n1-3. Select a specialty in your MSW.\\nMost MSW programs will require you to select a particular field of focus in your research. You will have to consider if you wish to work in a clinical or non-clinical setting, as clinical work will require that you obtain a license as a mental health practitioner. You may also have to focus on a particular population of people to work with, such as children, families, the elderly, or veterans. Other programs offer specializations in substance abuse, community development, corporate organization, health care and education.\\n1-4. Complete your field work or internship.\\nMost MSW programs will require that you complete at least 900 hours of fieldwork with a diverse range of clients in the community. As you are researching potential MSW programs, consider what kinds of organizations they have as fieldwork partners in the community. \\nYou should also select fieldwork opportunities that afford practical skills that can be applied to a broad range of positions. This will include skills such as conflict resolution, project management, grant writing, data analysis, etc. Being able to express how your degree has given you hands-on experience practicing in-demand skills will distinguish you from other candidates.\\n2. Working in a Supervised Position\\n2-1. Complete 2-3 years of work in a supervised position.\\nIn most states, you cannot obtain a license for clinical work immediately after graduating from your MSW program. Instead, you are required to complete an extended period of paid, full-time work—usually ranging between 3,000h to 4,000h—after you obtain your MSW but before you take a clinical licensing exam. For all the requirements for your particular state, you should consult the Association of Social Work Boards.[2]\\nMany states also require supervised work for nonclinical social workers in addition to clinical social workers.\\n2-2. Consult the career center at your graduate university for help in finding a supervised position.\\nYou will probably already have a professional network in place from your field work experience during your MSW; you should explore all your connections from your field work to look for supervised work. You should also talk to your professors, your colleagues, and alumni from your program about potential job opportunities. \\nYou can conduct a nation-wide search for supervised work at the JobLink section of the National Association of Social Workers web site.[3]. You can also check job listings on government websites for health and human services, hospitals and mental health clinics, school districts for educational roles, etc.\\n2-3. Find an appropriate supervisor.\\nMany states require that your supervisor have a degree in Licensed Clinical Social Work (LCSW) and an MSW if you are being supervised for clinical work. That means you cannot complete work under a supervisor who has a different kind of license for mental health care. Make sure that your supervisor is approved by your state's chapter of the Association of Social Work Board; you do not want to spend time working in a position that will not count toward the hours you need in order to take the licensing exam because your supervisor does not have the appropriate credentials.\\n2-4. Fulfill the required hours of work.\\nMost states require a minimum number of hours in order to apply for a license; generally, this is around 3,000 hours. You must also document these hours according to your state's requirements.\\n3. Passing Your ASWB Social Work Licensing Exam\\n3-1. Register for your state's Association of Social Work Board (ASWB) social work licensing exam.\\nAfter you have completed your supervised work requirements, you will need to pass your state's licensing exam. There are four types of exams at different levels: bachelors, masters, clinical or advanced generalist. Most states require the clinical or advanced generalist after your supervised work, but you should check with your state's ASWB for their specific requirements. You have to be approved by your state's board before registering for the exam. \\nThe fee for a Bachelors or Masters Exam is $230. The fee for the advanced generalist or clinical exam is $260.\\n3-2. Learn about the format of the test.\\nThe exam generally takes four hours and covers 170 multiple choice questions. It is graded on a pass-fail basis, with most states requiring a 70-75% score in order to pass. The ASWB offers a number of resources to help you study for the test. These include study guides such as the ASWB Guide to Social Work Exams (updated for 2015) which is available in print or ebook form. They also provide an on-line practice test for $85. Individual states may also require additional oral and written forms of examination to obtain a license.\\n3-3. Study for the test.\\nThe questions will generally cover a range of topics pertaining to clinical practice, especially human behavior and development and standards for diagnosis and assessment, as well as the standards for care in psychotherapy and other clinical interactions.\\nConsider taking a review course prior to taking the exam. This course could be offered by your graduate university or your state's chapter of the NASW. The course will give you a comprehensive view of what kinds of questions you can expect to encounter on the test as well as providing helpful study guides and strategies.\\nDesign a study schedule that works for you over an extended period of time. Do not cram for the test a few days before you take it. Give yourself time to practice a diverse range of questions for the test. Consider finding a study partner who will help you study over a series of weeks or months to prepare.\\n3-4. Receive your results.\\nBecause most states require that you have approval from the ASWB in order to register for the exam, the ASWB will also inform you of your results. In 2014, the pass rate for the clinical exam was 77.8%. If you fail the exam, the ASWB will provide you an overview of your performance on the exam so you will know which areas require improvement. Some states limit the number of times you can re-take the exam, and all states require at least 90 days before you can register for the exam again.\\n3-5. Remain current on your state's licensing requirements.\\nAfter you pass your social work licensing exam, you should check on your state's ASWB requirements for keeping your license active and up-to-date. These might include additional certification or educational requirements. Keep in mind that if you move to another state, you will most likely need to recertify since each state has different requirements. \\nIf the state you're applying for the new license has higher standards, you might have to meet that criteria before you're able to get the license in that other state.\\nTips\\nCheck the age requirements in your state to ensure that you have passed the minimum age prior to registering for your exam.\\nAfter you obtain your license, register with the National Association of Social Workers so you can obtain transferable credentials if you have to relocate to another state.\\nForeign degrees in social work can be recognized in the United States by the International Social Work Degree Equivalency Recognition Service provided through the Council on Social Work Education. Additional state licensing requirements still apply to individuals with recognized foreign degrees.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Social workers contribute vital forms of support to their communities by helping people in need. They focus on issues such as poverty, unemployment, mental health, and abuse; they also work in a diverse range of industries, including state and local government, education, health care, and the non-profit sector. Social work is also a growing field; between 2012 and 2022, it is expected to experience a 19% increase in job growth. This article will explain how to attain a social work license so you will be able to work at the most advanced level in the profession.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Attaining a Masters of Social Work Degree\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply for an accredited Masters of Social Work (MSW) graduate degree.\", \"描述\": \"Although some states will grant varying degrees of licensure to workers who have a Bachelors of Social Work (BSW), most clinical social workers are required to have an MSW in order to attain a license to practice.\\nWhile a BSW is generally a strong asset for entering a MSW program, many programs will also consider applicants with a broad range of degrees. Having an undergraduate degree in a related field such as psychology or sociology will also help your chances of admission. If you do not have a BSW, your program will most likely require 60 semester hour credits whereas BSW applicants may complete 30 semester hour credits.\\nIf your undergraduate degree is in a field unrelated to social work, consider volunteering at an organization that performs social work, such as a shelter for women and children, a mental health clinic, or an after-school program for at-risk youth. This will indicate to the admissions committee of your MSW of your interest in their program.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Spend significant time preparing your application materials.\", \"描述\": \"Most MSW programs will require a good GPA (3.00 or higher), GRE scores, 3-4 letters of recommendation, and a 1-3 page application essay. You should consult the career center at your undergraduate institution for guidance on tailoring your application materials to each MSW program. They can also give you advice on improving your resume and help you study for the GRE.\\nMake sure that your MSW program is accredited by the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE). There are more than 238 accredited MSW programs and you can find a directory of these programs here: [1]\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Select a specialty in your MSW.\", \"描述\": \"Most MSW programs will require you to select a particular field of focus in your research. You will have to consider if you wish to work in a clinical or non-clinical setting, as clinical work will require that you obtain a license as a mental health practitioner. You may also have to focus on a particular population of people to work with, such as children, families, the elderly, or veterans. Other programs offer specializations in substance abuse, community development, corporate organization, health care and education.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete your field work or internship.\", \"描述\": \"Most MSW programs will require that you complete at least 900 hours of fieldwork with a diverse range of clients in the community. As you are researching potential MSW programs, consider what kinds of organizations they have as fieldwork partners in the community. \\nYou should also select fieldwork opportunities that afford practical skills that can be applied to a broad range of positions. This will include skills such as conflict resolution, project management, grant writing, data analysis, etc. Being able to express how your degree has given you hands-on experience practicing in-demand skills will distinguish you from other candidates.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Working in a Supervised Position\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Complete 2-3 years of work in a supervised position.\", \"描述\": \"In most states, you cannot obtain a license for clinical work immediately after graduating from your MSW program. Instead, you are required to complete an extended period of paid, full-time work—usually ranging between 3,000h to 4,000h—after you obtain your MSW but before you take a clinical licensing exam. For all the requirements for your particular state, you should consult the Association of Social Work Boards.[2]\\nMany states also require supervised work for nonclinical social workers in addition to clinical social workers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consult the career center at your graduate university for help in finding a supervised position.\", \"描述\": \"You will probably already have a professional network in place from your field work experience during your MSW; you should explore all your connections from your field work to look for supervised work. You should also talk to your professors, your colleagues, and alumni from your program about potential job opportunities. \\nYou can conduct a nation-wide search for supervised work at the JobLink section of the National Association of Social Workers web site.[3]. You can also check job listings on government websites for health and human services, hospitals and mental health clinics, school districts for educational roles, etc.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find an appropriate supervisor.\", \"描述\": \"Many states require that your supervisor have a degree in Licensed Clinical Social Work (LCSW) and an MSW if you are being supervised for clinical work. That means you cannot complete work under a supervisor who has a different kind of license for mental health care. Make sure that your supervisor is approved by your state's chapter of the Association of Social Work Board; you do not want to spend time working in a position that will not count toward the hours you need in order to take the licensing exam because your supervisor does not have the appropriate credentials.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Fulfill the required hours of work.\", \"描述\": \"Most states require a minimum number of hours in order to apply for a license; generally, this is around 3,000 hours. You must also document these hours according to your state's requirements.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Passing Your ASWB Social Work Licensing Exam\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Register for your state's Association of Social Work Board (ASWB) social work licensing exam.\", \"描述\": \"After you have completed your supervised work requirements, you will need to pass your state's licensing exam. There are four types of exams at different levels: bachelors, masters, clinical or advanced generalist. Most states require the clinical or advanced generalist after your supervised work, but you should check with your state's ASWB for their specific requirements. You have to be approved by your state's board before registering for the exam. \\nThe fee for a Bachelors or Masters Exam is $230. The fee for the advanced generalist or clinical exam is $260.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn about the format of the test.\", \"描述\": \"The exam generally takes four hours and covers 170 multiple choice questions. It is graded on a pass-fail basis, with most states requiring a 70-75% score in order to pass. The ASWB offers a number of resources to help you study for the test. These include study guides such as the ASWB Guide to Social Work Exams (updated for 2015) which is available in print or ebook form. They also provide an on-line practice test for $85. Individual states may also require additional oral and written forms of examination to obtain a license.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Study for the test.\", \"描述\": \"The questions will generally cover a range of topics pertaining to clinical practice, especially human behavior and development and standards for diagnosis and assessment, as well as the standards for care in psychotherapy and other clinical interactions.\\nConsider taking a review course prior to taking the exam. This course could be offered by your graduate university or your state's chapter of the NASW. The course will give you a comprehensive view of what kinds of questions you can expect to encounter on the test as well as providing helpful study guides and strategies.\\nDesign a study schedule that works for you over an extended period of time. Do not cram for the test a few days before you take it. Give yourself time to practice a diverse range of questions for the test. Consider finding a study partner who will help you study over a series of weeks or months to prepare.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Receive your results.\", \"描述\": \"Because most states require that you have approval from the ASWB in order to register for the exam, the ASWB will also inform you of your results. In 2014, the pass rate for the clinical exam was 77.8%. If you fail the exam, the ASWB will provide you an overview of your performance on the exam so you will know which areas require improvement. Some states limit the number of times you can re-take the exam, and all states require at least 90 days before you can register for the exam again.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Remain current on your state's licensing requirements.\", \"描述\": \"After you pass your social work licensing exam, you should check on your state's ASWB requirements for keeping your license active and up-to-date. These might include additional certification or educational requirements. Keep in mind that if you move to another state, you will most likely need to recertify since each state has different requirements. \\nIf the state you're applying for the new license has higher standards, you might have to meet that criteria before you're able to get the license in that other state.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Check the age requirements in your state to ensure that you have passed the minimum age prior to registering for your exam.\\n\", \"After you obtain your license, register with the National Association of Social Workers so you can obtain transferable credentials if you have to relocate to another state.\\n\", \"Foreign degrees in social work can be recognized in the United States by the International Social Work Degree Equivalency Recognition Service provided through the Council on Social Work Education. Additional state licensing requirements still apply to individuals with recognized foreign degrees.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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5,492 |
How to Become a Licensed Zumba Instructor
|
1. Getting Licensed
1-1. Visit the Zumba Academy training website.
Because Zumba is a trademarked exercise program, you will have to be licensed through the Zumba Academy.
1-2. Enroll in the proper training programs.
The first step in attaining your Zumba fitness instructor license is to enroll in one of the following courses:
Zumba Basic Steps Level 1: This course will teach you the foundation for teaching Zumba. You will learn the four basic dance elements: merengue, salsa, cumbia, and reggaeton, and how to apply the various dance moves you learn to the songs you choose for your class.
Jump Start Gold: This course will teach you how to teach Zumba to an older audience, and how to target the physical and psychological needs of your students.
1-3. Complete the Zumba Instructor Training Course.
These courses are a combination of lectures and practical training to give you the skills you will need to teach Zumba. Once you have completed the training course, you will be granted a one-year license to teach Zumba. This license will have to be renewed over time if you want to continue teaching.
1-4. Keep your Zumba Instructor License current.
Licenses to teach Zumba last for one year, and should be promptly renewed upon expiration if you want to continue teaching.
2. Other Considerations
2-1. Practice Zumba.
Before you can teach Zumba, you will have to first master the style and choreography of the fitness program. If you haven't already, enroll in a Zumba class and attend at least 3-5 days per week.
Be sure that you can keep up with Zumba classes of all different levels before you consider teaching a class. You must be in excellent physical condition to teach this or any other exercise class.
Take Zumba classes at different studios and with different instructors. This will help you pick up on the various techniques, and choose what kind of teacher you want to be. Pay attention to which classes seem to attract the biggest group of students, and notice unique elements (whether it is the dance moves, music choice, or overall energy) that that particular instructor brings to the table. That's a good way to see what style you like. Try speaking with the instructor and ask them if they can share some tips as well.
It's extremely important to have great communication with your classroom. Make eye contact with your participants and make sure that you're delivering the class for them more than for yourself.
Be sure to learn how to read your class well. Ask for feedback and do your best to make everybody feel welcome and comfortable.
2-2. Consider where you want to teach Zumba.
Remember that requirements for teaching Zumba may vary between different studios and/or gyms. Some studios will accept a Zumba licensing on its own, but others may require you to have a group fitness instructor license as well.
Contact the person who is in charge of group fitness instruction at the gym or studio that you plan on teaching at. Set up a meeting with this person, and find out what certifications you need (if any) other than the Zumba license.
2-3. Consider getting CPR certified.
While this requirement may vary between gyms, it is a good idea to be CPR certified if you are teaching a fitness class in the case of an emergency.
Register for a CPR training course through the American Red Cross in your area. Be sure to properly renew your certification as needed.
Tips
Membership in the Zumba Instructor Network (ZIN) is optional. Joining gives you access to choreography, music, marketing materials, discounts on Zumba trainings and the chance to network with other Zumba instructors.
Consider getting licensed to teach one or more variations of traditional Zumba: Aqua Zumba, which takes place in a swimming pool, Zumba that focuses on body-toning, and Zumbatomic, a kids' version of Zumba. Explore the different courses that are available through the Zumba Academy to determine your interests.
If you have a certification through the American Council on Exercise (ACE) or the Aerobics and Fitness Association of America (AFAA), taking a Zumba class may earn you continuing education credits.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:08",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Licensed\\n1-1. Visit the Zumba Academy training website.\\nBecause Zumba is a trademarked exercise program, you will have to be licensed through the Zumba Academy.\\n1-2. Enroll in the proper training programs.\\nThe first step in attaining your Zumba fitness instructor license is to enroll in one of the following courses:\\nZumba Basic Steps Level 1: This course will teach you the foundation for teaching Zumba. You will learn the four basic dance elements: merengue, salsa, cumbia, and reggaeton, and how to apply the various dance moves you learn to the songs you choose for your class.\\nJump Start Gold: This course will teach you how to teach Zumba to an older audience, and how to target the physical and psychological needs of your students.\\n1-3. Complete the Zumba Instructor Training Course.\\nThese courses are a combination of lectures and practical training to give you the skills you will need to teach Zumba. Once you have completed the training course, you will be granted a one-year license to teach Zumba. This license will have to be renewed over time if you want to continue teaching.\\n1-4. Keep your Zumba Instructor License current.\\nLicenses to teach Zumba last for one year, and should be promptly renewed upon expiration if you want to continue teaching.\\n2. Other Considerations\\n2-1. Practice Zumba.\\nBefore you can teach Zumba, you will have to first master the style and choreography of the fitness program. If you haven't already, enroll in a Zumba class and attend at least 3-5 days per week.\\nBe sure that you can keep up with Zumba classes of all different levels before you consider teaching a class. You must be in excellent physical condition to teach this or any other exercise class.\\nTake Zumba classes at different studios and with different instructors. This will help you pick up on the various techniques, and choose what kind of teacher you want to be. Pay attention to which classes seem to attract the biggest group of students, and notice unique elements (whether it is the dance moves, music choice, or overall energy) that that particular instructor brings to the table. That's a good way to see what style you like. Try speaking with the instructor and ask them if they can share some tips as well.\\nIt's extremely important to have great communication with your classroom. Make eye contact with your participants and make sure that you're delivering the class for them more than for yourself.\\nBe sure to learn how to read your class well. Ask for feedback and do your best to make everybody feel welcome and comfortable.\\n2-2. Consider where you want to teach Zumba.\\nRemember that requirements for teaching Zumba may vary between different studios and/or gyms. Some studios will accept a Zumba licensing on its own, but others may require you to have a group fitness instructor license as well.\\nContact the person who is in charge of group fitness instruction at the gym or studio that you plan on teaching at. Set up a meeting with this person, and find out what certifications you need (if any) other than the Zumba license.\\n2-3. Consider getting CPR certified.\\nWhile this requirement may vary between gyms, it is a good idea to be CPR certified if you are teaching a fitness class in the case of an emergency.\\nRegister for a CPR training course through the American Red Cross in your area. Be sure to properly renew your certification as needed.\\nTips\\nMembership in the Zumba Instructor Network (ZIN) is optional. Joining gives you access to choreography, music, marketing materials, discounts on Zumba trainings and the chance to network with other Zumba instructors.\\nConsider getting licensed to teach one or more variations of traditional Zumba: Aqua Zumba, which takes place in a swimming pool, Zumba that focuses on body-toning, and Zumbatomic, a kids' version of Zumba. Explore the different courses that are available through the Zumba Academy to determine your interests.\\nIf you have a certification through the American Council on Exercise (ACE) or the Aerobics and Fitness Association of America (AFAA), taking a Zumba class may earn you continuing education credits.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Zumba is a fitness program that combines elements of salsa, merengue, samba, reggaeton, and hip-hop with other aerobic exercises. If you love dancing to Latin beats, have an upbeat attitude, and want to help other people get in shape, then you're a great candidate for Zumba instruction! Read this article to learn how.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Licensed\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Visit the Zumba Academy training website.\", \"描述\": \"Because Zumba is a trademarked exercise program, you will have to be licensed through the Zumba Academy.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Enroll in the proper training programs.\", \"描述\": \"The first step in attaining your Zumba fitness instructor license is to enroll in one of the following courses:\\nZumba Basic Steps Level 1: This course will teach you the foundation for teaching Zumba. You will learn the four basic dance elements: merengue, salsa, cumbia, and reggaeton, and how to apply the various dance moves you learn to the songs you choose for your class.\\nJump Start Gold: This course will teach you how to teach Zumba to an older audience, and how to target the physical and psychological needs of your students.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete the Zumba Instructor Training Course.\", \"描述\": \"These courses are a combination of lectures and practical training to give you the skills you will need to teach Zumba. Once you have completed the training course, you will be granted a one-year license to teach Zumba. This license will have to be renewed over time if you want to continue teaching.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Keep your Zumba Instructor License current.\", \"描述\": \"Licenses to teach Zumba last for one year, and should be promptly renewed upon expiration if you want to continue teaching.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Other Considerations\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice Zumba.\", \"描述\": \"Before you can teach Zumba, you will have to first master the style and choreography of the fitness program. If you haven't already, enroll in a Zumba class and attend at least 3-5 days per week.\\nBe sure that you can keep up with Zumba classes of all different levels before you consider teaching a class. You must be in excellent physical condition to teach this or any other exercise class.\\nTake Zumba classes at different studios and with different instructors. This will help you pick up on the various techniques, and choose what kind of teacher you want to be. Pay attention to which classes seem to attract the biggest group of students, and notice unique elements (whether it is the dance moves, music choice, or overall energy) that that particular instructor brings to the table. That's a good way to see what style you like. Try speaking with the instructor and ask them if they can share some tips as well.\\nIt's extremely important to have great communication with your classroom. Make eye contact with your participants and make sure that you're delivering the class for them more than for yourself.\\nBe sure to learn how to read your class well. Ask for feedback and do your best to make everybody feel welcome and comfortable.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider where you want to teach Zumba.\", \"描述\": \"Remember that requirements for teaching Zumba may vary between different studios and/or gyms. Some studios will accept a Zumba licensing on its own, but others may require you to have a group fitness instructor license as well.\\nContact the person who is in charge of group fitness instruction at the gym or studio that you plan on teaching at. Set up a meeting with this person, and find out what certifications you need (if any) other than the Zumba license.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider getting CPR certified.\", \"描述\": \"While this requirement may vary between gyms, it is a good idea to be CPR certified if you are teaching a fitness class in the case of an emergency.\\nRegister for a CPR training course through the American Red Cross in your area. Be sure to properly renew your certification as needed.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Membership in the Zumba Instructor Network (ZIN) is optional. Joining gives you access to choreography, music, marketing materials, discounts on Zumba trainings and the chance to network with other Zumba instructors.\\n\", \"Consider getting licensed to teach one or more variations of traditional Zumba: Aqua Zumba, which takes place in a swimming pool, Zumba that focuses on body-toning, and Zumbatomic, a kids' version of Zumba. Explore the different courses that are available through the Zumba Academy to determine your interests.\\n\", \"If you have a certification through the American Council on Exercise (ACE) or the Aerobics and Fitness Association of America (AFAA), taking a Zumba class may earn you continuing education credits.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,493 |
How to Become a Life Insurance Broker
|
1. Gaining the Proper Education
1-1. Learn the requirements in your state.
Most states have adopted the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Producer Licensing Model Act, which requires brokers and consultants to gain a license.
States such as Illinois, Rhode Island, Colorado, Georgia, Kansas and Indiana have additional requirements before consultants are able to sell insurance, including being contracted with an agency.
Some states require license applicants to be sponsored by an employer.
Check your state’s Department of Insurance website for specific information on licensing requirements, training essentials and examination locations.
Some states require that you complete prelicensing education before taking the exam.
1-2. Obtain a college degree.
While a college degree isn’t required in most states, it’s recommended to have an educational background or degree in business law, accounting, marketing, economics, mathematics or computer programming.
These and similar fields provide education and training that is most applicable to a career selling life insurance.
1-3. Find a training course.
The training program will cover topics included on the license exam and will ensure you’re properly prepared for the license exam. Check with your state’s Department of Insurance website for details.
Insurance License Express is an online resource that provides state-specific information, materials and courses to prepare for the licensing exam.
Companies like Kaplan have life insurance license training available.
Some states, like Illinois, require that you complete your training in a classroom setting.
1-4. Complete your training.
Your training program should provide all the information you need to feel ready to take the licensing exam.
Roughly 40 hours of the training should cover the basics of selling insurance.
Training should include up to 12 hours of ethics courses.
2. Taking Your Licensing Exam
2-1. Take a practice exam.
Just like the ACT and SAT exam, a practice run can help ease anxiety and give you a solid idea of what to expect. You can find practice questions and sample tests online.
Be fluent in life insurance basics, policy options and provisions, tax considerations, annuity policy information and qualified life insurance plans.
2-2. Get a background check.
Some states will require you to get fingerprinted and go through a background check before getting a license.
This requirement should be listed on your state's Department of Insurance website.
2-3. Pay your dues.
The National Association of Insurance Commissioners provides a state-by-state breakdown of the cost and requirements you must meet before taking the exam to get your life insurance license.
Fees range drastically, but can be up to a few hundred dollars.
2-4. Take the test.
Find your closest exam location, which is typically listed on your state's Department of Insurance website, and schedule it within enough time to feel appropriately prepared and confident.
Ensure you have paid the appropriate fees for the test. Typically you'll be required to pay these fees before getting to your exam location.
Double check what you need to bring the day of your test.
Be familiar with the route to the exam center and prepare yourself for heavy traffic by giving yourself more than enough time to arrive.
Read all questions and answers thoroughly before answering. Take your time with the questions but avoid over-thinking the correct answers.
2-5. Apply for a license to be a life insurance broker.
You must submit the application, proof of education and proof that you passed a state exam to your state's insurance department. You must renew the license after a period of time, which is typically every two years.
3. Building Your Business
3-1. Gain experience in the field.
Hands-on experience in entry-level positions, such as being an insurance claims representative can help you understand the processes and daily duties of a life insurance broker.
Assist customers directly in regards to their insurance claims.
Look for a position where you can build strong problem solving, interpersonal, customer service and communication skills.
3-2. Decide if you want to go through an agency or be independent.
There are numerous benefits to each side of the coin. Going with an agency can provide a little bit more stability. Agencies will receive more leads and distribute them among their employees. Agents working in an agency setting will also have more time to spend on cases instead of searching for clients. However, working with an agency limits the choice you may have on what type of cases and clients you can to work with.
The Independent Life Insurance Agent Association provides materials, guides and free webinars to those who take the solo route.
Independent life insurance agents have to find their own leads, which can take more time and work. This, however, is an ideal situation for people who want to work on specific cases.
3-3. Establish an office.
Typically insurance agents are considered independent contractors instead of full-time employees so working from home is common even if you are working within an agency.
Purchase a desk, computer, business cards, stationery and printer. Your home will be your office so provide yourself with all the supplies you need to be successful.
Create a clean space where you can focus, ideally in a corner or separate room.
Find a local coffee shop or cafe where you can meet with new and potential clients.
3-4. Market yourself as a business.
Create a website, allocate monthly funds to advertisements and build your personal network.
If you’re working independently, building strong relationships is especially important. Word of mouth is key to success, so think of yourself as a brand.
Always be on the ready to sell yourself as a representative. Always have business cards, flyers and any other marketing materials handy.
Start a blog. Written content is a handy tool to show potential clients that you are educated and can provide valuable information. Start a blog with how-to articles and listicles that are easy to read.
Utilize social media for advertisements, like Facebook and Instagram advertisements.
Create a more personal online brand by uploading videos with valuable information to your website and social media channels.
3-5. Become a member in industry associations.
The National Association of Insurance and Financial Advisers, the National Alliance of Life Companies and the National Association of Independent Life Brokerage Agencies are reputable organizations.
Join organizations with a strong presence in your area to get the most from group training and networking opportunities.
Some agencies will pay your membership fee for industry associations.
Organizations often host conferences over the nation and being a member means you typically get a discounted ticket.
Membership dues vary and can reach up to several hundred dollars. Members, however, get access to educational opportunities to learn about new products, services and more.
3-6. Become a certified life insurance broker.
Organizations like the American Institute for Chartered Property and Casualty Underwriters and the National Alliance for Insurance Education and Research offer courses and exams to gain different designations and levels of expertise.
Though completely voluntary, certification can help you stand out from the competition.
Being certified is similar to earning your master’s degree or additional certifications in other careers.
3-7. Continue your education.
It’s required by most states that life insurance consultants must renew their license every two years. Keep yourself abreast of updates in law, tax and ethics policies.
Attend webinars, conferences and local gatherings with fellow industry professionals.
Network with new circles in your area to learn about different methods and services.
3-8. Nail down your pitch.
Make sure your sales pitch and presentation are thorough and practiced, highlighting the key areas of interest to your potential customer.
Listening is important. You have to be able to hear what the potential client really wants and be able to provide them with a plan that fits their needs.
Explain the parts of a life insurance policy that will benefit a customer most.
Be persistent at following up after every appointment but be careful about not being too aggressive. No client wants to feel bullied into buying a policy.
Tips
Brokers who sell life insurance plans that are tied to investments must also be registered and licensed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD). That requires another test and considerable preparation.
Be patient. In any career that requires you to build your clientele, it can take time to develop contacts and build relationships.
Warnings
Different agencies may offer you a bonus or other incentive for selling a particular policy. Be aware that sometimes these policies are not the best for your clients needs. Always keep your client in the highest priority.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:08",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Gaining the Proper Education\\n1-1. Learn the requirements in your state.\\nMost states have adopted the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Producer Licensing Model Act, which requires brokers and consultants to gain a license.\\nStates such as Illinois, Rhode Island, Colorado, Georgia, Kansas and Indiana have additional requirements before consultants are able to sell insurance, including being contracted with an agency.\\nSome states require license applicants to be sponsored by an employer.\\nCheck your state’s Department of Insurance website for specific information on licensing requirements, training essentials and examination locations.\\nSome states require that you complete prelicensing education before taking the exam.\\n1-2. Obtain a college degree.\\nWhile a college degree isn’t required in most states, it’s recommended to have an educational background or degree in business law, accounting, marketing, economics, mathematics or computer programming.\\nThese and similar fields provide education and training that is most applicable to a career selling life insurance.\\n1-3. Find a training course.\\nThe training program will cover topics included on the license exam and will ensure you’re properly prepared for the license exam. Check with your state’s Department of Insurance website for details.\\nInsurance License Express is an online resource that provides state-specific information, materials and courses to prepare for the licensing exam.\\nCompanies like Kaplan have life insurance license training available.\\nSome states, like Illinois, require that you complete your training in a classroom setting.\\n1-4. Complete your training.\\nYour training program should provide all the information you need to feel ready to take the licensing exam.\\nRoughly 40 hours of the training should cover the basics of selling insurance.\\nTraining should include up to 12 hours of ethics courses.\\n2. Taking Your Licensing Exam\\n2-1. Take a practice exam.\\nJust like the ACT and SAT exam, a practice run can help ease anxiety and give you a solid idea of what to expect. You can find practice questions and sample tests online.\\nBe fluent in life insurance basics, policy options and provisions, tax considerations, annuity policy information and qualified life insurance plans.\\n2-2. Get a background check.\\nSome states will require you to get fingerprinted and go through a background check before getting a license.\\nThis requirement should be listed on your state's Department of Insurance website.\\n2-3. Pay your dues.\\nThe National Association of Insurance Commissioners provides a state-by-state breakdown of the cost and requirements you must meet before taking the exam to get your life insurance license.\\nFees range drastically, but can be up to a few hundred dollars.\\n2-4. Take the test.\\nFind your closest exam location, which is typically listed on your state's Department of Insurance website, and schedule it within enough time to feel appropriately prepared and confident.\\nEnsure you have paid the appropriate fees for the test. Typically you'll be required to pay these fees before getting to your exam location.\\nDouble check what you need to bring the day of your test.\\nBe familiar with the route to the exam center and prepare yourself for heavy traffic by giving yourself more than enough time to arrive.\\nRead all questions and answers thoroughly before answering. Take your time with the questions but avoid over-thinking the correct answers.\\n2-5. Apply for a license to be a life insurance broker.\\nYou must submit the application, proof of education and proof that you passed a state exam to your state's insurance department. You must renew the license after a period of time, which is typically every two years.\\n3. Building Your Business\\n3-1. Gain experience in the field.\\nHands-on experience in entry-level positions, such as being an insurance claims representative can help you understand the processes and daily duties of a life insurance broker.\\nAssist customers directly in regards to their insurance claims.\\nLook for a position where you can build strong problem solving, interpersonal, customer service and communication skills.\\n3-2. Decide if you want to go through an agency or be independent.\\nThere are numerous benefits to each side of the coin. Going with an agency can provide a little bit more stability. Agencies will receive more leads and distribute them among their employees. Agents working in an agency setting will also have more time to spend on cases instead of searching for clients. However, working with an agency limits the choice you may have on what type of cases and clients you can to work with.\\nThe Independent Life Insurance Agent Association provides materials, guides and free webinars to those who take the solo route.\\nIndependent life insurance agents have to find their own leads, which can take more time and work. This, however, is an ideal situation for people who want to work on specific cases.\\n3-3. Establish an office.\\nTypically insurance agents are considered independent contractors instead of full-time employees so working from home is common even if you are working within an agency.\\nPurchase a desk, computer, business cards, stationery and printer. Your home will be your office so provide yourself with all the supplies you need to be successful.\\nCreate a clean space where you can focus, ideally in a corner or separate room.\\nFind a local coffee shop or cafe where you can meet with new and potential clients.\\n3-4. Market yourself as a business.\\nCreate a website, allocate monthly funds to advertisements and build your personal network.\\nIf you’re working independently, building strong relationships is especially important. Word of mouth is key to success, so think of yourself as a brand.\\nAlways be on the ready to sell yourself as a representative. Always have business cards, flyers and any other marketing materials handy.\\nStart a blog. Written content is a handy tool to show potential clients that you are educated and can provide valuable information. Start a blog with how-to articles and listicles that are easy to read.\\nUtilize social media for advertisements, like Facebook and Instagram advertisements.\\nCreate a more personal online brand by uploading videos with valuable information to your website and social media channels.\\n3-5. Become a member in industry associations.\\nThe National Association of Insurance and Financial Advisers, the National Alliance of Life Companies and the National Association of Independent Life Brokerage Agencies are reputable organizations.\\nJoin organizations with a strong presence in your area to get the most from group training and networking opportunities.\\nSome agencies will pay your membership fee for industry associations.\\nOrganizations often host conferences over the nation and being a member means you typically get a discounted ticket.\\nMembership dues vary and can reach up to several hundred dollars. Members, however, get access to educational opportunities to learn about new products, services and more.\\n3-6. Become a certified life insurance broker.\\nOrganizations like the American Institute for Chartered Property and Casualty Underwriters and the National Alliance for Insurance Education and Research offer courses and exams to gain different designations and levels of expertise.\\nThough completely voluntary, certification can help you stand out from the competition.\\nBeing certified is similar to earning your master’s degree or additional certifications in other careers.\\n3-7. Continue your education.\\nIt’s required by most states that life insurance consultants must renew their license every two years. Keep yourself abreast of updates in law, tax and ethics policies.\\nAttend webinars, conferences and local gatherings with fellow industry professionals.\\nNetwork with new circles in your area to learn about different methods and services.\\n3-8. Nail down your pitch.\\nMake sure your sales pitch and presentation are thorough and practiced, highlighting the key areas of interest to your potential customer.\\nListening is important. You have to be able to hear what the potential client really wants and be able to provide them with a plan that fits their needs.\\nExplain the parts of a life insurance policy that will benefit a customer most.\\nBe persistent at following up after every appointment but be careful about not being too aggressive. No client wants to feel bullied into buying a policy.\\nTips\\nBrokers who sell life insurance plans that are tied to investments must also be registered and licensed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD). That requires another test and considerable preparation.\\nBe patient. In any career that requires you to build your clientele, it can take time to develop contacts and build relationships.\\nWarnings\\nDifferent agencies may offer you a bonus or other incentive for selling a particular policy. Be aware that sometimes these policies are not the best for your clients needs. Always keep your client in the highest priority.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Most people don't want to think about their own death, which is why life insurance can be a hard sell and an even harder career to break into. Being a life insurance broker has its ups and downs, but it can be a rewarding and lucrative job. Before getting started, be sure you understand what is required, how to become licensed and how to sustain your business.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gaining the Proper Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn the requirements in your state.\", \"描述\": \"Most states have adopted the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Producer Licensing Model Act, which requires brokers and consultants to gain a license.\\nStates such as Illinois, Rhode Island, Colorado, Georgia, Kansas and Indiana have additional requirements before consultants are able to sell insurance, including being contracted with an agency.\\nSome states require license applicants to be sponsored by an employer.\\nCheck your state’s Department of Insurance website for specific information on licensing requirements, training essentials and examination locations.\\nSome states require that you complete prelicensing education before taking the exam.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Obtain a college degree.\", \"描述\": \"While a college degree isn’t required in most states, it’s recommended to have an educational background or degree in business law, accounting, marketing, economics, mathematics or computer programming.\\nThese and similar fields provide education and training that is most applicable to a career selling life insurance.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find a training course.\", \"描述\": \"The training program will cover topics included on the license exam and will ensure you’re properly prepared for the license exam. Check with your state’s Department of Insurance website for details.\\nInsurance License Express is an online resource that provides state-specific information, materials and courses to prepare for the licensing exam.\\nCompanies like Kaplan have life insurance license training available.\\nSome states, like Illinois, require that you complete your training in a classroom setting.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete your training.\", \"描述\": \"Your training program should provide all the information you need to feel ready to take the licensing exam.\\nRoughly 40 hours of the training should cover the basics of selling insurance.\\nTraining should include up to 12 hours of ethics courses.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Taking Your Licensing Exam\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take a practice exam.\", \"描述\": \"Just like the ACT and SAT exam, a practice run can help ease anxiety and give you a solid idea of what to expect. You can find practice questions and sample tests online.\\nBe fluent in life insurance basics, policy options and provisions, tax considerations, annuity policy information and qualified life insurance plans.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a background check.\", \"描述\": \"Some states will require you to get fingerprinted and go through a background check before getting a license.\\nThis requirement should be listed on your state's Department of Insurance website.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pay your dues.\", \"描述\": \"The National Association of Insurance Commissioners provides a state-by-state breakdown of the cost and requirements you must meet before taking the exam to get your life insurance license.\\nFees range drastically, but can be up to a few hundred dollars.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take the test.\", \"描述\": \"Find your closest exam location, which is typically listed on your state's Department of Insurance website, and schedule it within enough time to feel appropriately prepared and confident.\\nEnsure you have paid the appropriate fees for the test. Typically you'll be required to pay these fees before getting to your exam location.\\nDouble check what you need to bring the day of your test.\\nBe familiar with the route to the exam center and prepare yourself for heavy traffic by giving yourself more than enough time to arrive.\\nRead all questions and answers thoroughly before answering. Take your time with the questions but avoid over-thinking the correct answers.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply for a license to be a life insurance broker.\", \"描述\": \"You must submit the application, proof of education and proof that you passed a state exam to your state's insurance department. You must renew the license after a period of time, which is typically every two years.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Building Your Business\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gain experience in the field.\", \"描述\": \"Hands-on experience in entry-level positions, such as being an insurance claims representative can help you understand the processes and daily duties of a life insurance broker.\\nAssist customers directly in regards to their insurance claims.\\nLook for a position where you can build strong problem solving, interpersonal, customer service and communication skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide if you want to go through an agency or be independent.\", \"描述\": \"There are numerous benefits to each side of the coin. Going with an agency can provide a little bit more stability. Agencies will receive more leads and distribute them among their employees. Agents working in an agency setting will also have more time to spend on cases instead of searching for clients. However, working with an agency limits the choice you may have on what type of cases and clients you can to work with.\\nThe Independent Life Insurance Agent Association provides materials, guides and free webinars to those who take the solo route.\\nIndependent life insurance agents have to find their own leads, which can take more time and work. This, however, is an ideal situation for people who want to work on specific cases.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Establish an office.\", \"描述\": \"Typically insurance agents are considered independent contractors instead of full-time employees so working from home is common even if you are working within an agency.\\nPurchase a desk, computer, business cards, stationery and printer. Your home will be your office so provide yourself with all the supplies you need to be successful.\\nCreate a clean space where you can focus, ideally in a corner or separate room.\\nFind a local coffee shop or cafe where you can meet with new and potential clients.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Market yourself as a business.\", \"描述\": \"Create a website, allocate monthly funds to advertisements and build your personal network.\\nIf you’re working independently, building strong relationships is especially important. Word of mouth is key to success, so think of yourself as a brand.\\nAlways be on the ready to sell yourself as a representative. Always have business cards, flyers and any other marketing materials handy.\\nStart a blog. Written content is a handy tool to show potential clients that you are educated and can provide valuable information. Start a blog with how-to articles and listicles that are easy to read.\\nUtilize social media for advertisements, like Facebook and Instagram advertisements.\\nCreate a more personal online brand by uploading videos with valuable information to your website and social media channels.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Become a member in industry associations.\", \"描述\": \"The National Association of Insurance and Financial Advisers, the National Alliance of Life Companies and the National Association of Independent Life Brokerage Agencies are reputable organizations.\\nJoin organizations with a strong presence in your area to get the most from group training and networking opportunities.\\nSome agencies will pay your membership fee for industry associations.\\nOrganizations often host conferences over the nation and being a member means you typically get a discounted ticket.\\nMembership dues vary and can reach up to several hundred dollars. Members, however, get access to educational opportunities to learn about new products, services and more.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Become a certified life insurance broker.\", \"描述\": \"Organizations like the American Institute for Chartered Property and Casualty Underwriters and the National Alliance for Insurance Education and Research offer courses and exams to gain different designations and levels of expertise.\\nThough completely voluntary, certification can help you stand out from the competition.\\nBeing certified is similar to earning your master’s degree or additional certifications in other careers.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Continue your education.\", \"描述\": \"It’s required by most states that life insurance consultants must renew their license every two years. Keep yourself abreast of updates in law, tax and ethics policies.\\nAttend webinars, conferences and local gatherings with fellow industry professionals.\\nNetwork with new circles in your area to learn about different methods and services.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Nail down your pitch.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure your sales pitch and presentation are thorough and practiced, highlighting the key areas of interest to your potential customer.\\nListening is important. You have to be able to hear what the potential client really wants and be able to provide them with a plan that fits their needs.\\nExplain the parts of a life insurance policy that will benefit a customer most.\\nBe persistent at following up after every appointment but be careful about not being too aggressive. No client wants to feel bullied into buying a policy.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Brokers who sell life insurance plans that are tied to investments must also be registered and licensed with the Securities and Exchange Commission or the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD). That requires another test and considerable preparation.\\n\", \"Be patient. In any career that requires you to build your clientele, it can take time to develop contacts and build relationships.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Different agencies may offer you a bonus or other incentive for selling a particular policy. Be aware that sometimes these policies are not the best for your clients needs. Always keep your client in the highest priority.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,494 |
How to Become a Lifeguard
|
1. Training Your Body
1-1. Get fit.
Being a good lifeguard is physically challenging. You will want to be in good shape. Lifeguards follow the 10/20 rule. Once a lifeguard notices a potential problem, they must respond in 10 seconds and be able to reach the person in 20 seconds, so it is absolutely necessary to be in shape and to be a strong swimmer.
1-2. Practice swimming.
You must be a strong swimmer before becoming a lifeguard. Swim and use a kick board to build leg muscles. All certification programs will require that you pass a timed swim test before going forward.
Take a swimming class with a professional to make sure that your technique is right.
Practice different swimming techniques like freestyle, breaststroke, or backstroke. Swimming in different ways will work out different muscles and make you a stronger swimmer.
1-3. Run to improve cardiovascular fitness.
This is necessary for long swims.
Jog on the beach if you can. Running on sand is more difficult than running on pavement or grass and therefore more productive. Some say that it is also good for your joints. Running on sand will further prepare you for a lifeguard position at the beach.
Run up stairs or stadiums to build your lower body strength. In order to swim as fast as you can, you must have strong legs to help propel yourself through the water.
1-4. Strengthen your core and upper body.
Sometimes, a couple of seconds can mean the difference between life and death. Have strong arms to save people faster.
Do pull-ups, dips, bench presses, and curls to build upper body and arm strength. Upper body strength is absolutely necessary in order to carry victims back to safety.
Try sit-ups to strengthen your abdominals. It is important for your entire body to be fit. A slimmer and stronger torso will help you go through the water faster.
1-5. Practice holding your breath to build lung capacity.
In some cases, the person you are trying to save might be deep below the surface, trapped by something, or difficult to bring to the surface. In this case, you will need to be able to hold your breath for long periods of time.
1-6. Eat healthy and remain hydrated.
This is important for your training, but is also needed as you enter into a profession spent in the sun. Sweating means that your body will lose vital nutrients quickly. Always keep a bottle of water nearby.
1-7. Protect your skin from the sun.
Wear sunscreen with a higher SPF in order to protect from sunburn or skin cancer. It will be harder to perform your duties as a lifeguard if it hurts to move your limbs because of a burn or if you are in the hospital because of a serious skin disease.
2. Obtaining Your Certification
2-1. Find a lifeguard class in your area.
Some lifeguard training classes are offered through the YMCA or the local Red Cross district chapter. Other nationally recognized certifications come from Starfish Aquatics Institute, and NASCO. If you are Canadian, check out the Lifesaving Society. Some high schools offer swimming programs in gym class with CPR certification included.
Choose training based on where you want to be a lifeguard. There are usually separate courses for lifeguarding at an indoor pool, lake, beach, and water park.
Classes are usually six weeks long. For Ellis and Associates, there is a crash course that only lasts 3 days.
2-2. Study CPR and first aid.
For most of these programs, you'll need to complete CPR and first aid training. It is good to study CPR procedures before you enroll in a program. Get experience ahead of time so that the program will be a review for you.
2-3. Learn to identify warning signs.
In many cases, lifeguards recognize signs that someone will need their help long before an emergency occurs. Well-trained lifeguards can either choose to remain vigilant or take precautionary actions. Some of the most common warning signs are:
Clearly poor swimmers bob their head in and out of the water frequently, always have their hands on the edge of the pool and pull themselves around, or cling onto flotation devices and are scared to swim away from them.
The most obvious warning signs are from swimmers who constantly ask for help from others, who wave their arms around frantically, and are the quickest to show signs of panic.
Often times, drowning begins with absolutely no signs or struggle. Watch for people who slip under the water and do not come back up.
2-4. Memorize common safety protocols.
Every pool, waterpark, or beach has its own safety procedures, but there are basic ones that apply in many places such as:
Only swim when a lifeguard is on duty.
No running or rough-housing near the water's edge.
Take hygienic precautions like using waterproof diapers on babies.
Do not go swimming with open wounds.
Do not drink from glass containers in or near the water.
Do not drink large quantities of alcohol or do drugs before swimming.
Get out of the water during thunderstorms.
2-5. Practice using life-saving equipment.
Lifeguards have a bevy of tools that they use other than their bodies to help save struggling swimmers.
Lifeguards use flotation devices like rescue tubes, rescue buoys, and ring buoys to help people stay afloat. Lifeguards also have access to medical equipment normally seen in ambulances and hospitals like resuscitation and defibrillator equipment. Lifeguards also have spinal boards to help move people that may have injured their spines, as well as basic first aid kits, capable of bandaging scrapes and cuts.
Lifeguards use barrier devices called face shields or pocket masks. These are placed over the victim's mouth during CPR to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases via bodily fluids.
2-6. Learn about tides, water conditions, and wildlife.
This is only important if you plan on being a lifeguard at a beach.
Riptide is one of the most dangerous situations for inexperienced swimmers. Riptides, also known as rip currents, pull swimmers away from shore at speeds too high even for experienced Olympic swimmers. The trick is to swim parallel to the shore, until you escape the riptide.
Shore breaks are a serious threat at the beach as well. When waves break too close to the shore, they can be unpredictable, can knock people down, and can cause serious neck and spinal injury. Even the most experienced beach-goers can still be caught off guard.
Red tide can seriously effect the safety of swimming conditions too. Every year, certain colonies of algae, often referred to as blooms, produce too many toxins. These toxins accumulate and cause red tide. Red tide can kill marine life and cause serious illness in human beings.
The ocean is home to millions of different life forms, but some visit shorelines and beaches more commonly than others. Be aware of threats presented by jelly-fish, sharks, crabs, and the myriad other swimming and crawling creatures that live along the coast.
2-7. Pass certification tests.
At the end of training, you will be given several exams that test both your written knowledge of the above topics, but also your physical ability to perform the job of a lifeguard.
You will be tested on patron surveillance, victim assessment, care for neck, spine, and head injuries, CPR techniques, and on general swimming safety protocol.
Physical tests differ based on where you take the certification exams. Some require you to swim 300 yards, tread water in one place for 2 minutes without support, swim using various techniques, surface dive to a depth of 7 to 10 feet (2.1 to 3.0 m), and hold your breath for 1 to 2 minutes.
Make sure all of your certifications stay up to date. Most certifications only last one to five years. If your certification expires, it will be hard to find a job as a lifeguard.
3. Finding a Job
3-1. Find out who is hiring.
Lifeguards are usually in high demand. You can call your local pools, water parks, and county parks departments and ask if they are hiring. Most places will begin hiring lifeguards a month or so before summer in order to provide other, location-specific training.
On occasion, local pools will pay for your lifeguard certification. In most cases, they will want you to have your certification before they will hire you.
3-2. Consult websites that advertise open lifeguarding jobs like:
aquaticscareers.com and lifeguardingjobs.com. These websites will have further information on the types of certifications needed for employment. They will also inform you as to whether they will pay for training or not.
3-3. Prepare for the interview.
Lifeguarding is fun, but you must take it seriously if you want to get hired. Dress professionally when you go for the interview and then dress in swimwear that aids your performance as a lifeguard. People won't hire you unless you put your job first.
Be friendly. People are more likely to want to hire you, if you are nice to them. This tip is important for actually being a lifeguard too. The public is more likely to follow your rules, if you are nice to them. Some will purposefully not follow safety guidelines to spite you, if you were mean to them. Employers want pleasant lifeguards around that will make people feel safe.
Stress your vigilance, excellent swimming skills, knowledge acquired through your lifeguard training , along with your people skills. Employers want pleasant lifeguards around that will make people feel safe.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:08",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Training Your Body\\n1-1. Get fit.\\nBeing a good lifeguard is physically challenging. You will want to be in good shape. Lifeguards follow the 10/20 rule. Once a lifeguard notices a potential problem, they must respond in 10 seconds and be able to reach the person in 20 seconds, so it is absolutely necessary to be in shape and to be a strong swimmer.\\n1-2. Practice swimming.\\nYou must be a strong swimmer before becoming a lifeguard. Swim and use a kick board to build leg muscles. All certification programs will require that you pass a timed swim test before going forward.\\nTake a swimming class with a professional to make sure that your technique is right.\\nPractice different swimming techniques like freestyle, breaststroke, or backstroke. Swimming in different ways will work out different muscles and make you a stronger swimmer.\\n1-3. Run to improve cardiovascular fitness.\\nThis is necessary for long swims.\\nJog on the beach if you can. Running on sand is more difficult than running on pavement or grass and therefore more productive. Some say that it is also good for your joints. Running on sand will further prepare you for a lifeguard position at the beach.\\nRun up stairs or stadiums to build your lower body strength. In order to swim as fast as you can, you must have strong legs to help propel yourself through the water.\\n1-4. Strengthen your core and upper body.\\nSometimes, a couple of seconds can mean the difference between life and death. Have strong arms to save people faster.\\nDo pull-ups, dips, bench presses, and curls to build upper body and arm strength. Upper body strength is absolutely necessary in order to carry victims back to safety.\\nTry sit-ups to strengthen your abdominals. It is important for your entire body to be fit. A slimmer and stronger torso will help you go through the water faster.\\n1-5. Practice holding your breath to build lung capacity.\\nIn some cases, the person you are trying to save might be deep below the surface, trapped by something, or difficult to bring to the surface. In this case, you will need to be able to hold your breath for long periods of time.\\n1-6. Eat healthy and remain hydrated.\\nThis is important for your training, but is also needed as you enter into a profession spent in the sun. Sweating means that your body will lose vital nutrients quickly. Always keep a bottle of water nearby.\\n1-7. Protect your skin from the sun.\\nWear sunscreen with a higher SPF in order to protect from sunburn or skin cancer. It will be harder to perform your duties as a lifeguard if it hurts to move your limbs because of a burn or if you are in the hospital because of a serious skin disease.\\n2. Obtaining Your Certification\\n2-1. Find a lifeguard class in your area.\\nSome lifeguard training classes are offered through the YMCA or the local Red Cross district chapter. Other nationally recognized certifications come from Starfish Aquatics Institute, and NASCO. If you are Canadian, check out the Lifesaving Society. Some high schools offer swimming programs in gym class with CPR certification included.\\nChoose training based on where you want to be a lifeguard. There are usually separate courses for lifeguarding at an indoor pool, lake, beach, and water park.\\nClasses are usually six weeks long. For Ellis and Associates, there is a crash course that only lasts 3 days.\\n2-2. Study CPR and first aid.\\nFor most of these programs, you'll need to complete CPR and first aid training. It is good to study CPR procedures before you enroll in a program. Get experience ahead of time so that the program will be a review for you.\\n2-3. Learn to identify warning signs.\\nIn many cases, lifeguards recognize signs that someone will need their help long before an emergency occurs. Well-trained lifeguards can either choose to remain vigilant or take precautionary actions. Some of the most common warning signs are:\\nClearly poor swimmers bob their head in and out of the water frequently, always have their hands on the edge of the pool and pull themselves around, or cling onto flotation devices and are scared to swim away from them.\\nThe most obvious warning signs are from swimmers who constantly ask for help from others, who wave their arms around frantically, and are the quickest to show signs of panic.\\nOften times, drowning begins with absolutely no signs or struggle. Watch for people who slip under the water and do not come back up.\\n2-4. Memorize common safety protocols.\\nEvery pool, waterpark, or beach has its own safety procedures, but there are basic ones that apply in many places such as:\\nOnly swim when a lifeguard is on duty.\\nNo running or rough-housing near the water's edge.\\nTake hygienic precautions like using waterproof diapers on babies.\\nDo not go swimming with open wounds.\\nDo not drink from glass containers in or near the water.\\nDo not drink large quantities of alcohol or do drugs before swimming.\\nGet out of the water during thunderstorms.\\n2-5. Practice using life-saving equipment.\\nLifeguards have a bevy of tools that they use other than their bodies to help save struggling swimmers.\\nLifeguards use flotation devices like rescue tubes, rescue buoys, and ring buoys to help people stay afloat. Lifeguards also have access to medical equipment normally seen in ambulances and hospitals like resuscitation and defibrillator equipment. Lifeguards also have spinal boards to help move people that may have injured their spines, as well as basic first aid kits, capable of bandaging scrapes and cuts.\\nLifeguards use barrier devices called face shields or pocket masks. These are placed over the victim's mouth during CPR to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases via bodily fluids.\\n2-6. Learn about tides, water conditions, and wildlife.\\nThis is only important if you plan on being a lifeguard at a beach.\\nRiptide is one of the most dangerous situations for inexperienced swimmers. Riptides, also known as rip currents, pull swimmers away from shore at speeds too high even for experienced Olympic swimmers. The trick is to swim parallel to the shore, until you escape the riptide.\\nShore breaks are a serious threat at the beach as well. When waves break too close to the shore, they can be unpredictable, can knock people down, and can cause serious neck and spinal injury. Even the most experienced beach-goers can still be caught off guard.\\nRed tide can seriously effect the safety of swimming conditions too. Every year, certain colonies of algae, often referred to as blooms, produce too many toxins. These toxins accumulate and cause red tide. Red tide can kill marine life and cause serious illness in human beings.\\nThe ocean is home to millions of different life forms, but some visit shorelines and beaches more commonly than others. Be aware of threats presented by jelly-fish, sharks, crabs, and the myriad other swimming and crawling creatures that live along the coast.\\n2-7. Pass certification tests.\\nAt the end of training, you will be given several exams that test both your written knowledge of the above topics, but also your physical ability to perform the job of a lifeguard.\\nYou will be tested on patron surveillance, victim assessment, care for neck, spine, and head injuries, CPR techniques, and on general swimming safety protocol.\\nPhysical tests differ based on where you take the certification exams. Some require you to swim 300 yards, tread water in one place for 2 minutes without support, swim using various techniques, surface dive to a depth of 7 to 10 feet (2.1 to 3.0 m), and hold your breath for 1 to 2 minutes.\\nMake sure all of your certifications stay up to date. Most certifications only last one to five years. If your certification expires, it will be hard to find a job as a lifeguard.\\n3. Finding a Job\\n3-1. Find out who is hiring.\\nLifeguards are usually in high demand. You can call your local pools, water parks, and county parks departments and ask if they are hiring. Most places will begin hiring lifeguards a month or so before summer in order to provide other, location-specific training.\\nOn occasion, local pools will pay for your lifeguard certification. In most cases, they will want you to have your certification before they will hire you.\\n3-2. Consult websites that advertise open lifeguarding jobs like:\\naquaticscareers.com and lifeguardingjobs.com. These websites will have further information on the types of certifications needed for employment. They will also inform you as to whether they will pay for training or not.\\n3-3. Prepare for the interview.\\nLifeguarding is fun, but you must take it seriously if you want to get hired. Dress professionally when you go for the interview and then dress in swimwear that aids your performance as a lifeguard. People won't hire you unless you put your job first.\\nBe friendly. People are more likely to want to hire you, if you are nice to them. This tip is important for actually being a lifeguard too. The public is more likely to follow your rules, if you are nice to them. Some will purposefully not follow safety guidelines to spite you, if you were mean to them. Employers want pleasant lifeguards around that will make people feel safe.\\nStress your vigilance, excellent swimming skills, knowledge acquired through your lifeguard training , along with your people skills. Employers want pleasant lifeguards around that will make people feel safe.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Lifeguards are responsible for the safety and well-being of people at pools, water parks, and beaches around the world. Some become lifeguards as after school jobs, while others make careers out of being a lifeguard. Regardless of why you want to be a lifeguard, you need to train your body, learn necessary life-saving skills, and then find a lifeguarding job.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Training Your Body\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get fit.\", \"描述\": \"Being a good lifeguard is physically challenging. You will want to be in good shape. Lifeguards follow the 10/20 rule. Once a lifeguard notices a potential problem, they must respond in 10 seconds and be able to reach the person in 20 seconds, so it is absolutely necessary to be in shape and to be a strong swimmer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice swimming.\", \"描述\": \"You must be a strong swimmer before becoming a lifeguard. Swim and use a kick board to build leg muscles. All certification programs will require that you pass a timed swim test before going forward.\\nTake a swimming class with a professional to make sure that your technique is right.\\nPractice different swimming techniques like freestyle, breaststroke, or backstroke. Swimming in different ways will work out different muscles and make you a stronger swimmer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Run to improve cardiovascular fitness.\", \"描述\": \"This is necessary for long swims.\\nJog on the beach if you can. Running on sand is more difficult than running on pavement or grass and therefore more productive. Some say that it is also good for your joints. Running on sand will further prepare you for a lifeguard position at the beach.\\nRun up stairs or stadiums to build your lower body strength. In order to swim as fast as you can, you must have strong legs to help propel yourself through the water.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Strengthen your core and upper body.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes, a couple of seconds can mean the difference between life and death. Have strong arms to save people faster.\\nDo pull-ups, dips, bench presses, and curls to build upper body and arm strength. Upper body strength is absolutely necessary in order to carry victims back to safety.\\nTry sit-ups to strengthen your abdominals. It is important for your entire body to be fit. A slimmer and stronger torso will help you go through the water faster.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Practice holding your breath to build lung capacity.\", \"描述\": \"In some cases, the person you are trying to save might be deep below the surface, trapped by something, or difficult to bring to the surface. In this case, you will need to be able to hold your breath for long periods of time.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Eat healthy and remain hydrated.\", \"描述\": \"This is important for your training, but is also needed as you enter into a profession spent in the sun. Sweating means that your body will lose vital nutrients quickly. Always keep a bottle of water nearby.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Protect your skin from the sun.\", \"描述\": \"Wear sunscreen with a higher SPF in order to protect from sunburn or skin cancer. It will be harder to perform your duties as a lifeguard if it hurts to move your limbs because of a burn or if you are in the hospital because of a serious skin disease.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Obtaining Your Certification\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a lifeguard class in your area.\", \"描述\": \"Some lifeguard training classes are offered through the YMCA or the local Red Cross district chapter. Other nationally recognized certifications come from Starfish Aquatics Institute, and NASCO. If you are Canadian, check out the Lifesaving Society. Some high schools offer swimming programs in gym class with CPR certification included.\\nChoose training based on where you want to be a lifeguard. There are usually separate courses for lifeguarding at an indoor pool, lake, beach, and water park.\\nClasses are usually six weeks long. For Ellis and Associates, there is a crash course that only lasts 3 days.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Study CPR and first aid.\", \"描述\": \"For most of these programs, you'll need to complete CPR and first aid training. It is good to study CPR procedures before you enroll in a program. Get experience ahead of time so that the program will be a review for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn to identify warning signs.\", \"描述\": \"In many cases, lifeguards recognize signs that someone will need their help long before an emergency occurs. Well-trained lifeguards can either choose to remain vigilant or take precautionary actions. Some of the most common warning signs are:\\nClearly poor swimmers bob their head in and out of the water frequently, always have their hands on the edge of the pool and pull themselves around, or cling onto flotation devices and are scared to swim away from them.\\nThe most obvious warning signs are from swimmers who constantly ask for help from others, who wave their arms around frantically, and are the quickest to show signs of panic.\\nOften times, drowning begins with absolutely no signs or struggle. Watch for people who slip under the water and do not come back up.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Memorize common safety protocols.\", \"描述\": \"Every pool, waterpark, or beach has its own safety procedures, but there are basic ones that apply in many places such as:\\nOnly swim when a lifeguard is on duty.\\nNo running or rough-housing near the water's edge.\\nTake hygienic precautions like using waterproof diapers on babies.\\nDo not go swimming with open wounds.\\nDo not drink from glass containers in or near the water.\\nDo not drink large quantities of alcohol or do drugs before swimming.\\nGet out of the water during thunderstorms.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Practice using life-saving equipment.\", \"描述\": \"Lifeguards have a bevy of tools that they use other than their bodies to help save struggling swimmers.\\nLifeguards use flotation devices like rescue tubes, rescue buoys, and ring buoys to help people stay afloat. Lifeguards also have access to medical equipment normally seen in ambulances and hospitals like resuscitation and defibrillator equipment. Lifeguards also have spinal boards to help move people that may have injured their spines, as well as basic first aid kits, capable of bandaging scrapes and cuts.\\nLifeguards use barrier devices called face shields or pocket masks. These are placed over the victim's mouth during CPR to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases via bodily fluids.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Learn about tides, water conditions, and wildlife.\", \"描述\": \"This is only important if you plan on being a lifeguard at a beach.\\nRiptide is one of the most dangerous situations for inexperienced swimmers. Riptides, also known as rip currents, pull swimmers away from shore at speeds too high even for experienced Olympic swimmers. The trick is to swim parallel to the shore, until you escape the riptide.\\nShore breaks are a serious threat at the beach as well. When waves break too close to the shore, they can be unpredictable, can knock people down, and can cause serious neck and spinal injury. Even the most experienced beach-goers can still be caught off guard.\\nRed tide can seriously effect the safety of swimming conditions too. Every year, certain colonies of algae, often referred to as blooms, produce too many toxins. These toxins accumulate and cause red tide. Red tide can kill marine life and cause serious illness in human beings.\\nThe ocean is home to millions of different life forms, but some visit shorelines and beaches more commonly than others. Be aware of threats presented by jelly-fish, sharks, crabs, and the myriad other swimming and crawling creatures that live along the coast.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Pass certification tests.\", \"描述\": \"At the end of training, you will be given several exams that test both your written knowledge of the above topics, but also your physical ability to perform the job of a lifeguard.\\nYou will be tested on patron surveillance, victim assessment, care for neck, spine, and head injuries, CPR techniques, and on general swimming safety protocol.\\nPhysical tests differ based on where you take the certification exams. Some require you to swim 300 yards, tread water in one place for 2 minutes without support, swim using various techniques, surface dive to a depth of 7 to 10 feet (2.1 to 3.0 m), and hold your breath for 1 to 2 minutes.\\nMake sure all of your certifications stay up to date. Most certifications only last one to five years. If your certification expires, it will be hard to find a job as a lifeguard.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding a Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find out who is hiring.\", \"描述\": \"Lifeguards are usually in high demand. You can call your local pools, water parks, and county parks departments and ask if they are hiring. Most places will begin hiring lifeguards a month or so before summer in order to provide other, location-specific training.\\nOn occasion, local pools will pay for your lifeguard certification. In most cases, they will want you to have your certification before they will hire you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consult websites that advertise open lifeguarding jobs like:\", \"描述\": \"aquaticscareers.com and lifeguardingjobs.com. These websites will have further information on the types of certifications needed for employment. They will also inform you as to whether they will pay for training or not.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare for the interview.\", \"描述\": \"Lifeguarding is fun, but you must take it seriously if you want to get hired. Dress professionally when you go for the interview and then dress in swimwear that aids your performance as a lifeguard. People won't hire you unless you put your job first.\\nBe friendly. People are more likely to want to hire you, if you are nice to them. This tip is important for actually being a lifeguard too. The public is more likely to follow your rules, if you are nice to them. Some will purposefully not follow safety guidelines to spite you, if you were mean to them. Employers want pleasant lifeguards around that will make people feel safe.\\nStress your vigilance, excellent swimming skills, knowledge acquired through your lifeguard training , along with your people skills. Employers want pleasant lifeguards around that will make people feel safe.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,495 |
How to Become a Lobbyist
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1. Getting the Right Training
1-1. Take courses in political science or related fields.
You don’t have to have a degree in a specific field to become a lobbyist. However, studying political science or other relevant subjects can give you the skills and knowledge you need to be successful. Specific lobbying jobs may also require you to have a minimum level of education (e.g., a bachelor’s degree).
For example, many lobbyists have degrees in political science, communications, economics, or law.
1-2. Build strong communication skills.
Being able to communicate clearly and persuasively is key to being a successful lobbyist. If you’re in school or college, sign up for courses in writing and public speaking to build up your written and verbal communication abilities.
Signing up for your school’s debate team or mock trial club can be a great way to hone your argumentative skills!
You can also take writing and speaking classes online through websites like Udemy, Coursera, and edX.
1-3. Pursue an advanced degree to get a competitive edge.
You don’t need an advanced or specialized degree to be a lobbyist, but getting one of these degrees can make you look more impressive to employers. This is also a useful approach if you want to lobby in a particular area of interest.
For example, if you want to work as a health care lobbyist, you may find it helpful to pursue an advanced healthcare degree, such as DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice).
A law degree can also give you a competitive advantage in the lobbying field.
1-4. Learn about basic legislative rules and procedures.
Understanding how the legislative process works can help you become a much more effective lobbyist. Take time to research how the system works so that you have a strong understanding of how measures are introduced and how bills are passed.
Robert’s Rules of Order is a very useful guide to the basic rules of legislative procedure.
Many state government websites offer specific information about local legislative process. Try doing an online search using terms such as “legislative process Illinois” or “how a bill becomes law Texas.”
1-5. Read up on current issues in your area of interest.
If you’re interested in lobbying in a particular field, stay on top of current events and legislative issues in that field, especially in your local area. Staying informed on what the issues are—and where your local lawmakers stand—will help you figure out which legislators to target and how to build the most persuasive arguments.
Take time getting to know your local politicians, their histories, and where they stand on the issues you’re interested in.
You may find it helpful to talk to other lobbyists in your area and get their perspective on how the system works.
1-6. Spend time in a government job to gain experience.
A lot of people break into the lobbying field after working in a government office. Doing so can help you gain expertise in local policy making procedures and will also make you look more impressive to prospective employers or clients. You might try:
Running for elected office in the legislative or executive branches of your local government. This will give you direct experience with the legislative process.
If you can’t run for office, getting a staff position with the legislature is another great way to get your foot in the door. For example, you might apply to be a legislative assistant for your local congressperson.
2. Registering as a Lobbyist
2-1. Look into your state’s lobbying registration laws.
All states in the U.S. require lobbyists to register with the state before doing any lobbying activities. Before you start working as a lobbyist, check with your Secretary of State’s office to find out what information you need to provide and whether you need to pay a registration fee.
You can find a list of registration requirements by state here: http://www.ncsl.org/research/ethics/50-state-chart-lobbyist-registration-requirements.aspx
You may need to supply information such as what kind of compensation you are receiving for your lobbying work, who your clients or employers are, and which subject(s) you’ll be lobbying about.
2-2. Take any required lobbying courses before registering.
Some states require lobbyists to take training courses or seminars before doing any lobbying work. These courses typically focus on ethics training. Check with your Secretary of State’s office to find out if you need any special training before you begin work.
For example, lobbyists in California are required to take a Lobbyist Ethics Course and certify the completion of this course with the Secretary of State’s office by a specific deadline.
2-3. Keep up with your lobbying reports.
Most states require lobbyists to file regular disclosure reports about their activities. Inquire with your Secretary of State’s office about how often you need to file reports and what kind of information you have to provide. You can find a summary of activity report requirements for each state here: http://www.ncsl.org/research/ethics/50-state-chart-lobbyist-report-requirements.aspx.
These reports are available to the public and they usually contain information about how much money you or your client are spending on lobbying and which issues you are lobbying about.
Your employer or client may also need to file reports about your activities.
3. Finding Lobbyist Jobs
3-1. Familiarize yourself with the types of lobbying jobs.
There are a variety of different ways to approach being a lobbyist. You can work as a contracted lobbyist for an organization such as a company or trade association, or you can work in-house as a full time government relations employee for a business. Local government administrations also hire lobbyists to communicate with the legislature on their behalf.
For example, a drug company might hire a health care lobbyist full time in a government relations position.
3-2. Check lobbyist-specific job boards.
When you’re ready to look for lobbyist jobs, dedicated job boards or sites devoted to lobbying-related jobs are a good place to start. For example, you might look for jobs in your area on websites such as:
Lobbyingjobs.com, a website dedicated to posting lobbyist and government relations positions.
Workforgood.org, which posts jobs with nonprofits and mission-driven organizations, including advocacy/lobbying jobs.
The PAC.org job board, which lists job opportunities for public affairs professionals.
3-3. Look for lobbyist jobs on general job sites.
In addition to using dedicated job boards, you can also find lobbyist jobs on general job sites such as Indeed and Monster.com. Use these sites to search for lobbyist jobs in your area.
In addition to “lobbyist,” use search terms such as “advocacy” and “government relations.”
3-4. Reach out to your professional network about job opportunities.
Many lobbyists find jobs through networking and word of mouth. If you’ve had a chance to make some contacts in your community, let them know that you are in the market for a lobbying job. Someone may be able to put in a good word for you with a colleague who’s looking to hire!
Talking to other lobbyists can be a good way to find out about potential job openings.
3-5. Apply for jobs that align with your interests and experience.
You’ll be most happy and successful as a lobbyist if you do work in an area that you’re passionate and knowledgeable about. Look for positions that are a good fit for your strengths and interests, but that also align well with your personal moral and ethical standards.
For example, if you’re interested in health issues, a job with a public health organization might be a good fit for you. On the other hand, you might not be happy lobbying for a tobacco company that’s pushing for fewer restrictions on advertising.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:08",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Right Training\\n1-1. Take courses in political science or related fields.\\nYou don’t have to have a degree in a specific field to become a lobbyist. However, studying political science or other relevant subjects can give you the skills and knowledge you need to be successful. Specific lobbying jobs may also require you to have a minimum level of education (e.g., a bachelor’s degree).\\nFor example, many lobbyists have degrees in political science, communications, economics, or law.\\n1-2. Build strong communication skills.\\nBeing able to communicate clearly and persuasively is key to being a successful lobbyist. If you’re in school or college, sign up for courses in writing and public speaking to build up your written and verbal communication abilities.\\nSigning up for your school’s debate team or mock trial club can be a great way to hone your argumentative skills!\\nYou can also take writing and speaking classes online through websites like Udemy, Coursera, and edX.\\n1-3. Pursue an advanced degree to get a competitive edge.\\nYou don’t need an advanced or specialized degree to be a lobbyist, but getting one of these degrees can make you look more impressive to employers. This is also a useful approach if you want to lobby in a particular area of interest.\\nFor example, if you want to work as a health care lobbyist, you may find it helpful to pursue an advanced healthcare degree, such as DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice).\\nA law degree can also give you a competitive advantage in the lobbying field.\\n1-4. Learn about basic legislative rules and procedures.\\nUnderstanding how the legislative process works can help you become a much more effective lobbyist. Take time to research how the system works so that you have a strong understanding of how measures are introduced and how bills are passed.\\n\\nRobert’s Rules of Order is a very useful guide to the basic rules of legislative procedure.\\nMany state government websites offer specific information about local legislative process. Try doing an online search using terms such as “legislative process Illinois” or “how a bill becomes law Texas.”\\n1-5. Read up on current issues in your area of interest.\\nIf you’re interested in lobbying in a particular field, stay on top of current events and legislative issues in that field, especially in your local area. Staying informed on what the issues are—and where your local lawmakers stand—will help you figure out which legislators to target and how to build the most persuasive arguments. \\nTake time getting to know your local politicians, their histories, and where they stand on the issues you’re interested in.\\nYou may find it helpful to talk to other lobbyists in your area and get their perspective on how the system works.\\n1-6. Spend time in a government job to gain experience.\\nA lot of people break into the lobbying field after working in a government office. Doing so can help you gain expertise in local policy making procedures and will also make you look more impressive to prospective employers or clients. You might try:\\nRunning for elected office in the legislative or executive branches of your local government. This will give you direct experience with the legislative process.\\nIf you can’t run for office, getting a staff position with the legislature is another great way to get your foot in the door. For example, you might apply to be a legislative assistant for your local congressperson.\\n2. Registering as a Lobbyist\\n2-1. Look into your state’s lobbying registration laws.\\nAll states in the U.S. require lobbyists to register with the state before doing any lobbying activities. Before you start working as a lobbyist, check with your Secretary of State’s office to find out what information you need to provide and whether you need to pay a registration fee.\\n\\nYou can find a list of registration requirements by state here: http://www.ncsl.org/research/ethics/50-state-chart-lobbyist-registration-requirements.aspx\\nYou may need to supply information such as what kind of compensation you are receiving for your lobbying work, who your clients or employers are, and which subject(s) you’ll be lobbying about.\\n2-2. Take any required lobbying courses before registering.\\nSome states require lobbyists to take training courses or seminars before doing any lobbying work. These courses typically focus on ethics training. Check with your Secretary of State’s office to find out if you need any special training before you begin work.\\nFor example, lobbyists in California are required to take a Lobbyist Ethics Course and certify the completion of this course with the Secretary of State’s office by a specific deadline.\\n2-3. Keep up with your lobbying reports.\\nMost states require lobbyists to file regular disclosure reports about their activities. Inquire with your Secretary of State’s office about how often you need to file reports and what kind of information you have to provide. You can find a summary of activity report requirements for each state here: http://www.ncsl.org/research/ethics/50-state-chart-lobbyist-report-requirements.aspx.\\nThese reports are available to the public and they usually contain information about how much money you or your client are spending on lobbying and which issues you are lobbying about.\\nYour employer or client may also need to file reports about your activities.\\n3. Finding Lobbyist Jobs\\n3-1. Familiarize yourself with the types of lobbying jobs.\\nThere are a variety of different ways to approach being a lobbyist. You can work as a contracted lobbyist for an organization such as a company or trade association, or you can work in-house as a full time government relations employee for a business. Local government administrations also hire lobbyists to communicate with the legislature on their behalf.\\nFor example, a drug company might hire a health care lobbyist full time in a government relations position.\\n3-2. Check lobbyist-specific job boards.\\nWhen you’re ready to look for lobbyist jobs, dedicated job boards or sites devoted to lobbying-related jobs are a good place to start. For example, you might look for jobs in your area on websites such as:\\nLobbyingjobs.com, a website dedicated to posting lobbyist and government relations positions.\\nWorkforgood.org, which posts jobs with nonprofits and mission-driven organizations, including advocacy/lobbying jobs.\\nThe PAC.org job board, which lists job opportunities for public affairs professionals.\\n3-3. Look for lobbyist jobs on general job sites.\\nIn addition to using dedicated job boards, you can also find lobbyist jobs on general job sites such as Indeed and Monster.com. Use these sites to search for lobbyist jobs in your area.\\nIn addition to “lobbyist,” use search terms such as “advocacy” and “government relations.”\\n3-4. Reach out to your professional network about job opportunities.\\nMany lobbyists find jobs through networking and word of mouth. If you’ve had a chance to make some contacts in your community, let them know that you are in the market for a lobbying job. Someone may be able to put in a good word for you with a colleague who’s looking to hire!\\nTalking to other lobbyists can be a good way to find out about potential job openings.\\n3-5. Apply for jobs that align with your interests and experience.\\nYou’ll be most happy and successful as a lobbyist if you do work in an area that you’re passionate and knowledgeable about. Look for positions that are a good fit for your strengths and interests, but that also align well with your personal moral and ethical standards.\\nFor example, if you’re interested in health issues, a job with a public health organization might be a good fit for you. On the other hand, you might not be happy lobbying for a tobacco company that’s pushing for fewer restrictions on advertising.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"While every state has its own specific definition of the term, a lobbyist is usually defined as someone who attempts to influence government decisions on behalf of a person or organization. If you’re a persuasive person with a passion for making a difference, a lobbying career might be right for you! While there are no specific educational requirements to become a lobbyist, you can benefit from having a strong background in the law or political science. You’ll also need to register with your local government to work as a lobbyist. From there, you can start looking for lobbyist careers!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Right Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take courses in political science or related fields.\", \"描述\": \"You don’t have to have a degree in a specific field to become a lobbyist. However, studying political science or other relevant subjects can give you the skills and knowledge you need to be successful. Specific lobbying jobs may also require you to have a minimum level of education (e.g., a bachelor’s degree).\\nFor example, many lobbyists have degrees in political science, communications, economics, or law.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Build strong communication skills.\", \"描述\": \"Being able to communicate clearly and persuasively is key to being a successful lobbyist. If you’re in school or college, sign up for courses in writing and public speaking to build up your written and verbal communication abilities.\\nSigning up for your school’s debate team or mock trial club can be a great way to hone your argumentative skills!\\nYou can also take writing and speaking classes online through websites like Udemy, Coursera, and edX.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pursue an advanced degree to get a competitive edge.\", \"描述\": \"You don’t need an advanced or specialized degree to be a lobbyist, but getting one of these degrees can make you look more impressive to employers. This is also a useful approach if you want to lobby in a particular area of interest.\\nFor example, if you want to work as a health care lobbyist, you may find it helpful to pursue an advanced healthcare degree, such as DNP (Doctor of Nursing Practice).\\nA law degree can also give you a competitive advantage in the lobbying field.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn about basic legislative rules and procedures.\", \"描述\": \"Understanding how the legislative process works can help you become a much more effective lobbyist. Take time to research how the system works so that you have a strong understanding of how measures are introduced and how bills are passed.\\n\\nRobert’s Rules of Order is a very useful guide to the basic rules of legislative procedure.\\nMany state government websites offer specific information about local legislative process. Try doing an online search using terms such as “legislative process Illinois” or “how a bill becomes law Texas.”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Read up on current issues in your area of interest.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re interested in lobbying in a particular field, stay on top of current events and legislative issues in that field, especially in your local area. Staying informed on what the issues are—and where your local lawmakers stand—will help you figure out which legislators to target and how to build the most persuasive arguments. \\nTake time getting to know your local politicians, their histories, and where they stand on the issues you’re interested in.\\nYou may find it helpful to talk to other lobbyists in your area and get their perspective on how the system works.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Spend time in a government job to gain experience.\", \"描述\": \"A lot of people break into the lobbying field after working in a government office. Doing so can help you gain expertise in local policy making procedures and will also make you look more impressive to prospective employers or clients. You might try:\\nRunning for elected office in the legislative or executive branches of your local government. This will give you direct experience with the legislative process.\\nIf you can’t run for office, getting a staff position with the legislature is another great way to get your foot in the door. For example, you might apply to be a legislative assistant for your local congressperson.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Registering as a Lobbyist\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look into your state’s lobbying registration laws.\", \"描述\": \"All states in the U.S. require lobbyists to register with the state before doing any lobbying activities. Before you start working as a lobbyist, check with your Secretary of State’s office to find out what information you need to provide and whether you need to pay a registration fee.\\n\\nYou can find a list of registration requirements by state here: http://www.ncsl.org/research/ethics/50-state-chart-lobbyist-registration-requirements.aspx\\nYou may need to supply information such as what kind of compensation you are receiving for your lobbying work, who your clients or employers are, and which subject(s) you’ll be lobbying about.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take any required lobbying courses before registering.\", \"描述\": \"Some states require lobbyists to take training courses or seminars before doing any lobbying work. These courses typically focus on ethics training. Check with your Secretary of State’s office to find out if you need any special training before you begin work.\\nFor example, lobbyists in California are required to take a Lobbyist Ethics Course and certify the completion of this course with the Secretary of State’s office by a specific deadline.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep up with your lobbying reports.\", \"描述\": \"Most states require lobbyists to file regular disclosure reports about their activities. Inquire with your Secretary of State’s office about how often you need to file reports and what kind of information you have to provide. You can find a summary of activity report requirements for each state here: http://www.ncsl.org/research/ethics/50-state-chart-lobbyist-report-requirements.aspx.\\nThese reports are available to the public and they usually contain information about how much money you or your client are spending on lobbying and which issues you are lobbying about.\\nYour employer or client may also need to file reports about your activities.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding Lobbyist Jobs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with the types of lobbying jobs.\", \"描述\": \"There are a variety of different ways to approach being a lobbyist. You can work as a contracted lobbyist for an organization such as a company or trade association, or you can work in-house as a full time government relations employee for a business. Local government administrations also hire lobbyists to communicate with the legislature on their behalf.\\nFor example, a drug company might hire a health care lobbyist full time in a government relations position.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check lobbyist-specific job boards.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re ready to look for lobbyist jobs, dedicated job boards or sites devoted to lobbying-related jobs are a good place to start. For example, you might look for jobs in your area on websites such as:\\nLobbyingjobs.com, a website dedicated to posting lobbyist and government relations positions.\\nWorkforgood.org, which posts jobs with nonprofits and mission-driven organizations, including advocacy/lobbying jobs.\\nThe PAC.org job board, which lists job opportunities for public affairs professionals.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for lobbyist jobs on general job sites.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to using dedicated job boards, you can also find lobbyist jobs on general job sites such as Indeed and Monster.com. Use these sites to search for lobbyist jobs in your area.\\nIn addition to “lobbyist,” use search terms such as “advocacy” and “government relations.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Reach out to your professional network about job opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"Many lobbyists find jobs through networking and word of mouth. If you’ve had a chance to make some contacts in your community, let them know that you are in the market for a lobbying job. Someone may be able to put in a good word for you with a colleague who’s looking to hire!\\nTalking to other lobbyists can be a good way to find out about potential job openings.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply for jobs that align with your interests and experience.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll be most happy and successful as a lobbyist if you do work in an area that you’re passionate and knowledgeable about. Look for positions that are a good fit for your strengths and interests, but that also align well with your personal moral and ethical standards.\\nFor example, if you’re interested in health issues, a job with a public health organization might be a good fit for you. On the other hand, you might not be happy lobbying for a tobacco company that’s pushing for fewer restrictions on advertising.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,496 |
How to Become a Locksmith
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1. Getting Qualified and Completing Training
1-1. Become a locksmith if you enjoy working with your hands and solving puzzles.
Locksmiths are contractors that make, install, or repair locks. It is a reliable career path and is quite fun if you enjoy working with your hands to solve complex problems. Many locksmiths compare the job to solving puzzles, since it is an intellectually-stimulating job that requires a lot of critical thinking.
You must be at least 18 years old and have a clean criminal history if you’re going to become a locksmith.
The process of becoming a locksmith can take anywhere from 3 months to 2 years depending on how much training you pursue and what the requirements are where you live.
1-2. Earn a high school diploma or get your GED.
To become a qualified locksmith, you must have a high school diploma. Sign up for a GED class in your area and complete the coursework if you never finished high school. Then, take the final exam to pass the class and earn your certificate.
It may be easier to find a job if you have a college degree, but you’ll still need to become certified.
GED stands for General Education Development. In most trades, it fulfills the requirement of a high school degree.
1-3. Attend vocational school if you want formal training in the field.
A vocational school is a post-secondary educational program that trains students how to perform a trade. After getting your GED or high school diploma, look online to find a vocational school near you with a locksmith program. Sign up, pay the tuition, and enroll in your classes. Spend the next 1-2 years learning about the construction, repair, and installation of locks. Locksmithing programs typically cover other security issues as well, such as surveillance, theft deterrence, and electronic locks.
Vocational school usually costs somewhere between $10,000 and $30,000.
This is the most time-consuming way to become qualified, but you’ll get an extremely thorough understanding of the field. Most vocational schools help you get certified and find work after you graduate as well.
If you live in a state that doesn’t require certification, vocational schools will typically award you with an accreditation that will make it easier for you to find work.
1-4. Sign up for a locksmith class for a faster way to learn the craft.
Locksmithing classes are typically hosted by private companies or locksmithing businesses. Look online to find a class near you if you want to learn the craft and become qualified without spending a ton of time and money on a vocational degree. These classes are typically very intensive, and will focus specifically on doors and home locks. These classes typically take 5-20 weeks to complete and may have a test at the end.
If you complete a certified lockpicking course, you will be awarded a letter of recommendation demonstrating that you’ve completed their coursework. This will help you get certified in most states.
Locksmithing requires hands-on experience, and there are a lot of disreputable online programs. Sign up for an in-person class if you can.
2. Becoming Certified
2-1. Look online to find the requirements for certification where you live.
The certification requirements for locksmiths differ depending on the state and country that you’re in. Go online and look for the requirements where you live. Search on your state government’s official website to ensure that you’re looking at the legal requirements and not a private business’s advice on how to get certified.
The certification process can take 1-6 weeks depending on where you live.
In some states, the Department of Consumer Affairs is in charge of locksmithing licensure. In other states, the business bureau regulates locksmith certification.
In many states, vocational schools are allowed to certify students that graduate. The shorter 5-20 week classes are rarely allowed to give certifications, though.
Some states and countries have no certification requirements for locksmiths. In these states, anyone can work for a locksmith.
2-2. Submit an individual license application to begin the process.
Almost all locksmith applications are completed online. Once you find the government page where you can apply for a locksmithing certification, click the link on the page to begin an individual license application. Enter your name, address, and other personal information to begin your application.
You can also call your local government’s consumer affairs line to find out where you can apply for a locksmith certification.
You will typically upload each of your required documents to an online portal. In some states, you may need to mail these documents in.
2-3. Send a copy of your identification and any additional paperwork.
Scan a copy of your passport and state ID to prove that you are who you say you are. Then, provide copies of your employment history and any other required documents that you need to submit. This usually includes other work permits, certifications, and child support documents.
Most states list the documents that they require on their website.
2-4. Complete a background check online or at a testing facility.
Since locksmiths have the ability to disassemble complex security systems, complete a background check as mandated by your state. In some states, this can be completed online by uploading your state ID and entering your personal information. In other states, go to a private testing facility and have your fingerprints taken to confirm that your background is clean.
Depending on where you live, you may still be able to apply for a locksmith certification even if you do have a criminal history so long as you didn’t commit a felony or violent crime.
2-5. Prove that you are qualified by providing supporting documents.
If you graduated from a vocational school, submit a copy of your degree and transcripts. If you attended a shorter class that took place over the course of a few weeks, submit the letters of recommendation that the class provided you upon completion. This demonstrates that you have a familiarity with the trade and will not require precursory training to begin working on locks.
In the states where you do not need certification, you’ll still have a pretty hard time finding a locksmith position without completing vocational school or a locksmithing class.
2-6. Pay the required fees and wait for your certification.
Once all of your documents have been submitted, press the “Complete” or “Submit” button to finish uploading your portfolio. You will be taken to a payment page to pay the fee associated with your application. Then, wait 1-6 weeks for the government to mail or email you your certification.
The application for your locksmith certification typically costs $50-300.
It may take a little longer for the government to process your application if they have a large backlog of applications.
In some areas, a locksmith license must be paired with an independent contractor’s license. If you don’t already have a contractor’s license, you’ll need to submit a separate application and pay an additional fee.
Renew your license every 1-5 years by paying the renewal fee.
3. Working as a Locksmith
3-1. Search for job postings online to find work as a locksmith.
To find work as a locksmith, start by looking at online job posts. Upload your resume and submit applications to locksmith companies in your area. Some positions will specialize in car locks, while other companies will emphasize home security systems. Look for positions that interest you before applying for positions.
Your resume doesn’t matter nearly as much as your certification and your interview. Don’t worry if your job experience doesn’t perfectly align with a career in locksmithing.
You can also call locksmiths in your area to find out if they’re hiring. If you live around smaller, older businesses, they may not list their available positions online.
3-2. Install new locks on homes, cars, and doors.
The main duty of a locksmith is to install new locks. Show up to service calls at new constructions, family homes, and parking lots to install locks for your clients. Follow the directions of the client to meet their needs in terms of the type of lock and the location of each installation.
3-3. Repair broken locks and let in people who get locked out.
Clients will often call a locksmith to fix broken locks or let them into a building that they’ve been locked out of. Show up to service calls for repairs or lock-outs as soon as you can. Explain the process to the client and check their ID to ensure that you’re giving the right person access to the building. Complete the work and provide your clients with new keys as needed to finish the job.
Most locksmiths stay competitive by answering emergency calls. These calls may come late at night or extremely early in the morning, so be prepared to lose some sleep every once in a while.
If you’re called to unlock a home door for someone that locked their keys inside, remember to always check their government ID to ensure that the person calling you lives at the address. It is usually illegal to let someone into a building if they cannot prove that they live there.
3-4. Cut keys and provide security advice to consumers.
Many locksmiths offer key-cutting services for clients. If you work for a company with a brick-and-mortar store and have no client calls, you may be required to work behind a desk at the shop and cut keys. Use the client’s copy to create duplicate versions. This is typically done with a key-cutting computer program, but you may need to cut the key by hand using a cutting machine. Consumers may also have questions about upgrading their locks or improving their home security system.
Some locksmiths advance in their field by learning about camera surveillance and alarm systems so that they can market these services to clients.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:09",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Qualified and Completing Training\\n1-1. Become a locksmith if you enjoy working with your hands and solving puzzles.\\nLocksmiths are contractors that make, install, or repair locks. It is a reliable career path and is quite fun if you enjoy working with your hands to solve complex problems. Many locksmiths compare the job to solving puzzles, since it is an intellectually-stimulating job that requires a lot of critical thinking.\\nYou must be at least 18 years old and have a clean criminal history if you’re going to become a locksmith.\\nThe process of becoming a locksmith can take anywhere from 3 months to 2 years depending on how much training you pursue and what the requirements are where you live.\\n1-2. Earn a high school diploma or get your GED.\\nTo become a qualified locksmith, you must have a high school diploma. Sign up for a GED class in your area and complete the coursework if you never finished high school. Then, take the final exam to pass the class and earn your certificate.\\nIt may be easier to find a job if you have a college degree, but you’ll still need to become certified.\\nGED stands for General Education Development. In most trades, it fulfills the requirement of a high school degree.\\n1-3. Attend vocational school if you want formal training in the field.\\nA vocational school is a post-secondary educational program that trains students how to perform a trade. After getting your GED or high school diploma, look online to find a vocational school near you with a locksmith program. Sign up, pay the tuition, and enroll in your classes. Spend the next 1-2 years learning about the construction, repair, and installation of locks. Locksmithing programs typically cover other security issues as well, such as surveillance, theft deterrence, and electronic locks.\\nVocational school usually costs somewhere between $10,000 and $30,000.\\nThis is the most time-consuming way to become qualified, but you’ll get an extremely thorough understanding of the field. Most vocational schools help you get certified and find work after you graduate as well.\\nIf you live in a state that doesn’t require certification, vocational schools will typically award you with an accreditation that will make it easier for you to find work.\\n1-4. Sign up for a locksmith class for a faster way to learn the craft.\\nLocksmithing classes are typically hosted by private companies or locksmithing businesses. Look online to find a class near you if you want to learn the craft and become qualified without spending a ton of time and money on a vocational degree. These classes are typically very intensive, and will focus specifically on doors and home locks. These classes typically take 5-20 weeks to complete and may have a test at the end.\\nIf you complete a certified lockpicking course, you will be awarded a letter of recommendation demonstrating that you’ve completed their coursework. This will help you get certified in most states.\\nLocksmithing requires hands-on experience, and there are a lot of disreputable online programs. Sign up for an in-person class if you can.\\n2. Becoming Certified\\n2-1. Look online to find the requirements for certification where you live.\\nThe certification requirements for locksmiths differ depending on the state and country that you’re in. Go online and look for the requirements where you live. Search on your state government’s official website to ensure that you’re looking at the legal requirements and not a private business’s advice on how to get certified.\\nThe certification process can take 1-6 weeks depending on where you live.\\nIn some states, the Department of Consumer Affairs is in charge of locksmithing licensure. In other states, the business bureau regulates locksmith certification.\\nIn many states, vocational schools are allowed to certify students that graduate. The shorter 5-20 week classes are rarely allowed to give certifications, though.\\nSome states and countries have no certification requirements for locksmiths. In these states, anyone can work for a locksmith.\\n2-2. Submit an individual license application to begin the process.\\nAlmost all locksmith applications are completed online. Once you find the government page where you can apply for a locksmithing certification, click the link on the page to begin an individual license application. Enter your name, address, and other personal information to begin your application.\\nYou can also call your local government’s consumer affairs line to find out where you can apply for a locksmith certification.\\nYou will typically upload each of your required documents to an online portal. In some states, you may need to mail these documents in.\\n2-3. Send a copy of your identification and any additional paperwork.\\nScan a copy of your passport and state ID to prove that you are who you say you are. Then, provide copies of your employment history and any other required documents that you need to submit. This usually includes other work permits, certifications, and child support documents.\\nMost states list the documents that they require on their website.\\n2-4. Complete a background check online or at a testing facility.\\nSince locksmiths have the ability to disassemble complex security systems, complete a background check as mandated by your state. In some states, this can be completed online by uploading your state ID and entering your personal information. In other states, go to a private testing facility and have your fingerprints taken to confirm that your background is clean.\\nDepending on where you live, you may still be able to apply for a locksmith certification even if you do have a criminal history so long as you didn’t commit a felony or violent crime.\\n2-5. Prove that you are qualified by providing supporting documents.\\nIf you graduated from a vocational school, submit a copy of your degree and transcripts. If you attended a shorter class that took place over the course of a few weeks, submit the letters of recommendation that the class provided you upon completion. This demonstrates that you have a familiarity with the trade and will not require precursory training to begin working on locks.\\nIn the states where you do not need certification, you’ll still have a pretty hard time finding a locksmith position without completing vocational school or a locksmithing class.\\n2-6. Pay the required fees and wait for your certification.\\nOnce all of your documents have been submitted, press the “Complete” or “Submit” button to finish uploading your portfolio. You will be taken to a payment page to pay the fee associated with your application. Then, wait 1-6 weeks for the government to mail or email you your certification.\\nThe application for your locksmith certification typically costs $50-300.\\nIt may take a little longer for the government to process your application if they have a large backlog of applications.\\nIn some areas, a locksmith license must be paired with an independent contractor’s license. If you don’t already have a contractor’s license, you’ll need to submit a separate application and pay an additional fee.\\nRenew your license every 1-5 years by paying the renewal fee.\\n3. Working as a Locksmith\\n3-1. Search for job postings online to find work as a locksmith.\\nTo find work as a locksmith, start by looking at online job posts. Upload your resume and submit applications to locksmith companies in your area. Some positions will specialize in car locks, while other companies will emphasize home security systems. Look for positions that interest you before applying for positions.\\nYour resume doesn’t matter nearly as much as your certification and your interview. Don’t worry if your job experience doesn’t perfectly align with a career in locksmithing.\\nYou can also call locksmiths in your area to find out if they’re hiring. If you live around smaller, older businesses, they may not list their available positions online.\\n3-2. Install new locks on homes, cars, and doors.\\nThe main duty of a locksmith is to install new locks. Show up to service calls at new constructions, family homes, and parking lots to install locks for your clients. Follow the directions of the client to meet their needs in terms of the type of lock and the location of each installation.\\n3-3. Repair broken locks and let in people who get locked out.\\nClients will often call a locksmith to fix broken locks or let them into a building that they’ve been locked out of. Show up to service calls for repairs or lock-outs as soon as you can. Explain the process to the client and check their ID to ensure that you’re giving the right person access to the building. Complete the work and provide your clients with new keys as needed to finish the job.\\nMost locksmiths stay competitive by answering emergency calls. These calls may come late at night or extremely early in the morning, so be prepared to lose some sleep every once in a while.\\nIf you’re called to unlock a home door for someone that locked their keys inside, remember to always check their government ID to ensure that the person calling you lives at the address. It is usually illegal to let someone into a building if they cannot prove that they live there.\\n3-4. Cut keys and provide security advice to consumers.\\nMany locksmiths offer key-cutting services for clients. If you work for a company with a brick-and-mortar store and have no client calls, you may be required to work behind a desk at the shop and cut keys. Use the client’s copy to create duplicate versions. This is typically done with a key-cutting computer program, but you may need to cut the key by hand using a cutting machine. Consumers may also have questions about upgrading their locks or improving their home security system.\\nSome locksmiths advance in their field by learning about camera surveillance and alarm systems so that they can market these services to clients.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Locksmiths are professionals that install, repair, and modify locks for clients. It may be the right career for you if you enjoy working with your hands, engaging in creative problem solving, and are fascinated by security technology. To become a locksmith, get a high school diploma or a GED. Then, complete a vocational program or take a short class on locksmithing to get the education necessary for certification. The certification process varies depending on where you live, so look the requirements up online. Submit your certification paperwork to the state where you live and find an entry-level position in your area to begin your career as a locksmith.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Qualified and Completing Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Become a locksmith if you enjoy working with your hands and solving puzzles.\", \"描述\": \"Locksmiths are contractors that make, install, or repair locks. It is a reliable career path and is quite fun if you enjoy working with your hands to solve complex problems. Many locksmiths compare the job to solving puzzles, since it is an intellectually-stimulating job that requires a lot of critical thinking.\\nYou must be at least 18 years old and have a clean criminal history if you’re going to become a locksmith.\\nThe process of becoming a locksmith can take anywhere from 3 months to 2 years depending on how much training you pursue and what the requirements are where you live.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn a high school diploma or get your GED.\", \"描述\": \"To become a qualified locksmith, you must have a high school diploma. Sign up for a GED class in your area and complete the coursework if you never finished high school. Then, take the final exam to pass the class and earn your certificate.\\nIt may be easier to find a job if you have a college degree, but you’ll still need to become certified.\\nGED stands for General Education Development. In most trades, it fulfills the requirement of a high school degree.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend vocational school if you want formal training in the field.\", \"描述\": \"A vocational school is a post-secondary educational program that trains students how to perform a trade. After getting your GED or high school diploma, look online to find a vocational school near you with a locksmith program. Sign up, pay the tuition, and enroll in your classes. Spend the next 1-2 years learning about the construction, repair, and installation of locks. Locksmithing programs typically cover other security issues as well, such as surveillance, theft deterrence, and electronic locks.\\nVocational school usually costs somewhere between $10,000 and $30,000.\\nThis is the most time-consuming way to become qualified, but you’ll get an extremely thorough understanding of the field. Most vocational schools help you get certified and find work after you graduate as well.\\nIf you live in a state that doesn’t require certification, vocational schools will typically award you with an accreditation that will make it easier for you to find work.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sign up for a locksmith class for a faster way to learn the craft.\", \"描述\": \"Locksmithing classes are typically hosted by private companies or locksmithing businesses. Look online to find a class near you if you want to learn the craft and become qualified without spending a ton of time and money on a vocational degree. These classes are typically very intensive, and will focus specifically on doors and home locks. These classes typically take 5-20 weeks to complete and may have a test at the end.\\nIf you complete a certified lockpicking course, you will be awarded a letter of recommendation demonstrating that you’ve completed their coursework. This will help you get certified in most states.\\nLocksmithing requires hands-on experience, and there are a lot of disreputable online programs. Sign up for an in-person class if you can.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Becoming Certified\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look online to find the requirements for certification where you live.\", \"描述\": \"The certification requirements for locksmiths differ depending on the state and country that you’re in. Go online and look for the requirements where you live. Search on your state government’s official website to ensure that you’re looking at the legal requirements and not a private business’s advice on how to get certified.\\nThe certification process can take 1-6 weeks depending on where you live.\\nIn some states, the Department of Consumer Affairs is in charge of locksmithing licensure. In other states, the business bureau regulates locksmith certification.\\nIn many states, vocational schools are allowed to certify students that graduate. The shorter 5-20 week classes are rarely allowed to give certifications, though.\\nSome states and countries have no certification requirements for locksmiths. In these states, anyone can work for a locksmith.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Submit an individual license application to begin the process.\", \"描述\": \"Almost all locksmith applications are completed online. Once you find the government page where you can apply for a locksmithing certification, click the link on the page to begin an individual license application. Enter your name, address, and other personal information to begin your application.\\nYou can also call your local government’s consumer affairs line to find out where you can apply for a locksmith certification.\\nYou will typically upload each of your required documents to an online portal. In some states, you may need to mail these documents in.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Send a copy of your identification and any additional paperwork.\", \"描述\": \"Scan a copy of your passport and state ID to prove that you are who you say you are. Then, provide copies of your employment history and any other required documents that you need to submit. This usually includes other work permits, certifications, and child support documents.\\nMost states list the documents that they require on their website.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete a background check online or at a testing facility.\", \"描述\": \"Since locksmiths have the ability to disassemble complex security systems, complete a background check as mandated by your state. In some states, this can be completed online by uploading your state ID and entering your personal information. In other states, go to a private testing facility and have your fingerprints taken to confirm that your background is clean.\\nDepending on where you live, you may still be able to apply for a locksmith certification even if you do have a criminal history so long as you didn’t commit a felony or violent crime.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Prove that you are qualified by providing supporting documents.\", \"描述\": \"If you graduated from a vocational school, submit a copy of your degree and transcripts. If you attended a shorter class that took place over the course of a few weeks, submit the letters of recommendation that the class provided you upon completion. This demonstrates that you have a familiarity with the trade and will not require precursory training to begin working on locks.\\nIn the states where you do not need certification, you’ll still have a pretty hard time finding a locksmith position without completing vocational school or a locksmithing class.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pay the required fees and wait for your certification.\", \"描述\": \"Once all of your documents have been submitted, press the “Complete” or “Submit” button to finish uploading your portfolio. You will be taken to a payment page to pay the fee associated with your application. Then, wait 1-6 weeks for the government to mail or email you your certification.\\nThe application for your locksmith certification typically costs $50-300.\\nIt may take a little longer for the government to process your application if they have a large backlog of applications.\\nIn some areas, a locksmith license must be paired with an independent contractor’s license. If you don’t already have a contractor’s license, you’ll need to submit a separate application and pay an additional fee.\\nRenew your license every 1-5 years by paying the renewal fee.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Working as a Locksmith\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Search for job postings online to find work as a locksmith.\", \"描述\": \"To find work as a locksmith, start by looking at online job posts. Upload your resume and submit applications to locksmith companies in your area. Some positions will specialize in car locks, while other companies will emphasize home security systems. Look for positions that interest you before applying for positions.\\nYour resume doesn’t matter nearly as much as your certification and your interview. Don’t worry if your job experience doesn’t perfectly align with a career in locksmithing.\\nYou can also call locksmiths in your area to find out if they’re hiring. If you live around smaller, older businesses, they may not list their available positions online.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Install new locks on homes, cars, and doors.\", \"描述\": \"The main duty of a locksmith is to install new locks. Show up to service calls at new constructions, family homes, and parking lots to install locks for your clients. Follow the directions of the client to meet their needs in terms of the type of lock and the location of each installation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Repair broken locks and let in people who get locked out.\", \"描述\": \"Clients will often call a locksmith to fix broken locks or let them into a building that they’ve been locked out of. Show up to service calls for repairs or lock-outs as soon as you can. Explain the process to the client and check their ID to ensure that you’re giving the right person access to the building. Complete the work and provide your clients with new keys as needed to finish the job.\\nMost locksmiths stay competitive by answering emergency calls. These calls may come late at night or extremely early in the morning, so be prepared to lose some sleep every once in a while.\\nIf you’re called to unlock a home door for someone that locked their keys inside, remember to always check their government ID to ensure that the person calling you lives at the address. It is usually illegal to let someone into a building if they cannot prove that they live there.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cut keys and provide security advice to consumers.\", \"描述\": \"Many locksmiths offer key-cutting services for clients. If you work for a company with a brick-and-mortar store and have no client calls, you may be required to work behind a desk at the shop and cut keys. Use the client’s copy to create duplicate versions. This is typically done with a key-cutting computer program, but you may need to cut the key by hand using a cutting machine. Consumers may also have questions about upgrading their locks or improving their home security system.\\nSome locksmiths advance in their field by learning about camera surveillance and alarm systems so that they can market these services to clients.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,497 |
How to Become a Loner
|
1. Spending Time Alone
1-1. Find productive ways to spend time alone.
Loners often spend time alone to recharge after spending a lot of time socializing. You can do whatever you want when you're alone, which is one of the great things about being a loner. However, since you'll be spending a great deal of time alone, learn to use that time wisely.
Learn a new skill, or use your alone time to focus on your hobbies. Introverted people tend to be more creative when they are alone.
You may also find it beneficial to meditate when you are alone. Spending time alone is all about recharging. It's okay to take a break from being productive to focus on mental clarity.
Being able to be alone and happy doing your own stuff is like a superpower. This will help you work on yourself and will also improve your interpersonal relationships altogether.
1-2. Wake up early.
If you have roommates, or if you live with your parents, it can be difficult to find solitude. Try waking up 30 minutes to an hour earlier than the rest of your house. Use that time to focus on the day, or spend it doing something creative.
If you work in an office that requires you to share your space with co-workers, it may help you to get to work early. Try to get to work a half hour or so before your peers. You'll be in before things get busy, and you'll feel more focused.
1-3. Only talk to close friends and family when you need to.
Just because you're a loner doesn't mean you dislike people. You may still have a few close friends, but still, you need time alone and you need your family to understand that.
Let your friends and family know that you occasionally need time alone to recharge. Remind them that you aren't upset or depressed, and that you prefer time alone to organize your thoughts and clear your head. They'll understand. If someone cannot handle your absence for a while, that's an issue that they should work themselves.
1-4. Make sure you have a place to go when you need to get away.
The best place to get away is a private room with a door, such as a bedroom. If you can't use your bedroom, try to find another private space where you can shut out the rest of the world.
Outfit your space with things that you can use when you are alone. Fill it with books you've been wanting to read, or art supplies in case you get creative. Make sure the space is comfortable. You'll be spending a lot of time in your room, so make sure you enjoy it.
2. Going Out Alone
2-1. Find things to do on your own.
Go see a movie, or try a new restaurant. Go to a coffee shop and read. Just because you're a loner doesn't mean you have to miss out on the outside world. You don't have to talk to anyone, just find something fun to do and do it.
2-2. Wear headphones.
Being a loner doesn't mean you can lock yourself in your room for the rest of your life. At some point you'll have to go out in public. If you want to be left alone in public, put on a pair of headphones and put on your favorite song.
If you have to ride the bus to get to school or work, carry a book with you. If you have headphones on, and you're reading a book, most people will leave you alone.
2-3. Try to talk to people every once in a while.
You may not enjoy it all the time, but studies show that everyone benefits from some form of social interaction. You can still be true to yourself and interact with people.
Be polite and respond to someone who interacts with you on a regular basis. If you frequent a coffee shop in your neighborhood, get to know the barista. You don't have to exchange information, just make good conversation.
2-4. Know your way out.
If you end up having to go to a social event, such as a friend's party, you'll want to leave before everyone else. There is nothing wrong with wanting to get home and get comfortable. Make arrangements to leave before everyone else, and be sure to let a few close friends know.
Make sure you have access to a bus schedule if you don't have a car.
Don't make a habit of lying to your friends about why you're leaving. Be honest with them about how you feel in social gatherings. Let them know that being social wears you out and that you're headed home to unwind.
3. Thriving as a Loner
3-1. Find jobs that play to your strengths.
You don't have to label yourself as a "team player" to get a good job. If you're a loner, you probably excel at working alone. Your ability to stay motivated is a selling point.
Be wary of jobs that seem like loner jobs. You may think working in a library would offer you some peace and quiet, but the truth is you'll be talking to people all day.
3-2. Share your thoughts in meetings.
All the time you spend reading and thinking, is time that you've spent gaining knowledge. Use that knowledge to your advantage.
Don't be afraid to tell people what you're thinking. If someone says something that gives you an idea, share it. You don't have to talk over anyone, just calmly speak your mind.
3-3. Be upfront with people.
If you do end up in a job that requires you to interact with people on a daily basis, find ways to let them know how you operate. If you prefer to communicate through email, say so.
Some of your co-workers may think you are rude if you don't join them in conversation. Find ways to let them know when you are busy, and when you may have some time to talk. Let them know that you prefer to work alone, and that you aren't trying to be rude.
3-4. Don't miss any opportunities.
Try not to let your desire to be a loner get in the way of having a successful career. If you want to do well at your job, you're going to have to be social every once in a while.
Know when it's okay to skip an event, and when you need to attend. If you stand to gain something out of attending, such as meeting new clients, or impressing your boss, you should go. If you can't think of any reason you absolutely have to go, then feel free to stay home.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:09",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Spending Time Alone\\n1-1. Find productive ways to spend time alone.\\nLoners often spend time alone to recharge after spending a lot of time socializing. You can do whatever you want when you're alone, which is one of the great things about being a loner. However, since you'll be spending a great deal of time alone, learn to use that time wisely.\\nLearn a new skill, or use your alone time to focus on your hobbies. Introverted people tend to be more creative when they are alone.\\nYou may also find it beneficial to meditate when you are alone. Spending time alone is all about recharging. It's okay to take a break from being productive to focus on mental clarity.\\nBeing able to be alone and happy doing your own stuff is like a superpower. This will help you work on yourself and will also improve your interpersonal relationships altogether.\\n1-2. Wake up early.\\nIf you have roommates, or if you live with your parents, it can be difficult to find solitude. Try waking up 30 minutes to an hour earlier than the rest of your house. Use that time to focus on the day, or spend it doing something creative.\\nIf you work in an office that requires you to share your space with co-workers, it may help you to get to work early. Try to get to work a half hour or so before your peers. You'll be in before things get busy, and you'll feel more focused.\\n1-3. Only talk to close friends and family when you need to.\\nJust because you're a loner doesn't mean you dislike people. You may still have a few close friends, but still, you need time alone and you need your family to understand that.\\nLet your friends and family know that you occasionally need time alone to recharge. Remind them that you aren't upset or depressed, and that you prefer time alone to organize your thoughts and clear your head. They'll understand. If someone cannot handle your absence for a while, that's an issue that they should work themselves.\\n1-4. Make sure you have a place to go when you need to get away.\\nThe best place to get away is a private room with a door, such as a bedroom. If you can't use your bedroom, try to find another private space where you can shut out the rest of the world.\\nOutfit your space with things that you can use when you are alone. Fill it with books you've been wanting to read, or art supplies in case you get creative. Make sure the space is comfortable. You'll be spending a lot of time in your room, so make sure you enjoy it.\\n2. Going Out Alone\\n2-1. Find things to do on your own.\\nGo see a movie, or try a new restaurant. Go to a coffee shop and read. Just because you're a loner doesn't mean you have to miss out on the outside world. You don't have to talk to anyone, just find something fun to do and do it.\\n2-2. Wear headphones.\\nBeing a loner doesn't mean you can lock yourself in your room for the rest of your life. At some point you'll have to go out in public. If you want to be left alone in public, put on a pair of headphones and put on your favorite song.\\nIf you have to ride the bus to get to school or work, carry a book with you. If you have headphones on, and you're reading a book, most people will leave you alone.\\n2-3. Try to talk to people every once in a while.\\nYou may not enjoy it all the time, but studies show that everyone benefits from some form of social interaction. You can still be true to yourself and interact with people.\\nBe polite and respond to someone who interacts with you on a regular basis. If you frequent a coffee shop in your neighborhood, get to know the barista. You don't have to exchange information, just make good conversation.\\n2-4. Know your way out.\\nIf you end up having to go to a social event, such as a friend's party, you'll want to leave before everyone else. There is nothing wrong with wanting to get home and get comfortable. Make arrangements to leave before everyone else, and be sure to let a few close friends know.\\nMake sure you have access to a bus schedule if you don't have a car.\\nDon't make a habit of lying to your friends about why you're leaving. Be honest with them about how you feel in social gatherings. Let them know that being social wears you out and that you're headed home to unwind.\\n3. Thriving as a Loner\\n3-1. Find jobs that play to your strengths.\\nYou don't have to label yourself as a \\\"team player\\\" to get a good job. If you're a loner, you probably excel at working alone. Your ability to stay motivated is a selling point.\\nBe wary of jobs that seem like loner jobs. You may think working in a library would offer you some peace and quiet, but the truth is you'll be talking to people all day.\\n3-2. Share your thoughts in meetings.\\nAll the time you spend reading and thinking, is time that you've spent gaining knowledge. Use that knowledge to your advantage.\\nDon't be afraid to tell people what you're thinking. If someone says something that gives you an idea, share it. You don't have to talk over anyone, just calmly speak your mind.\\n3-3. Be upfront with people.\\nIf you do end up in a job that requires you to interact with people on a daily basis, find ways to let them know how you operate. If you prefer to communicate through email, say so.\\nSome of your co-workers may think you are rude if you don't join them in conversation. Find ways to let them know when you are busy, and when you may have some time to talk. Let them know that you prefer to work alone, and that you aren't trying to be rude.\\n3-4. Don't miss any opportunities.\\nTry not to let your desire to be a loner get in the way of having a successful career. If you want to do well at your job, you're going to have to be social every once in a while.\\nKnow when it's okay to skip an event, and when you need to attend. If you stand to gain something out of attending, such as meeting new clients, or impressing your boss, you should go. If you can't think of any reason you absolutely have to go, then feel free to stay home.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Some people prefer to be alone. They value their personal space and feel the most comfortable when no one else is around. Still, if you decide to live your life as a loner, you should find ways to occupy your time in productive ways. Don't let being a loner get in the way of enjoying the outside world. You can be a loner and still lead a happy, healthy life.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Spending Time Alone\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find productive ways to spend time alone.\", \"描述\": \"Loners often spend time alone to recharge after spending a lot of time socializing. You can do whatever you want when you're alone, which is one of the great things about being a loner. However, since you'll be spending a great deal of time alone, learn to use that time wisely.\\nLearn a new skill, or use your alone time to focus on your hobbies. Introverted people tend to be more creative when they are alone.\\nYou may also find it beneficial to meditate when you are alone. Spending time alone is all about recharging. It's okay to take a break from being productive to focus on mental clarity.\\nBeing able to be alone and happy doing your own stuff is like a superpower. This will help you work on yourself and will also improve your interpersonal relationships altogether.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wake up early.\", \"描述\": \"If you have roommates, or if you live with your parents, it can be difficult to find solitude. Try waking up 30 minutes to an hour earlier than the rest of your house. Use that time to focus on the day, or spend it doing something creative.\\nIf you work in an office that requires you to share your space with co-workers, it may help you to get to work early. Try to get to work a half hour or so before your peers. You'll be in before things get busy, and you'll feel more focused.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Only talk to close friends and family when you need to.\", \"描述\": \"Just because you're a loner doesn't mean you dislike people. You may still have a few close friends, but still, you need time alone and you need your family to understand that.\\nLet your friends and family know that you occasionally need time alone to recharge. Remind them that you aren't upset or depressed, and that you prefer time alone to organize your thoughts and clear your head. They'll understand. If someone cannot handle your absence for a while, that's an issue that they should work themselves.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make sure you have a place to go when you need to get away.\", \"描述\": \"The best place to get away is a private room with a door, such as a bedroom. If you can't use your bedroom, try to find another private space where you can shut out the rest of the world.\\nOutfit your space with things that you can use when you are alone. Fill it with books you've been wanting to read, or art supplies in case you get creative. Make sure the space is comfortable. You'll be spending a lot of time in your room, so make sure you enjoy it.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Going Out Alone\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find things to do on your own.\", \"描述\": \"Go see a movie, or try a new restaurant. Go to a coffee shop and read. Just because you're a loner doesn't mean you have to miss out on the outside world. You don't have to talk to anyone, just find something fun to do and do it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wear headphones.\", \"描述\": \"Being a loner doesn't mean you can lock yourself in your room for the rest of your life. At some point you'll have to go out in public. If you want to be left alone in public, put on a pair of headphones and put on your favorite song.\\nIf you have to ride the bus to get to school or work, carry a book with you. If you have headphones on, and you're reading a book, most people will leave you alone.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try to talk to people every once in a while.\", \"描述\": \"You may not enjoy it all the time, but studies show that everyone benefits from some form of social interaction. You can still be true to yourself and interact with people.\\nBe polite and respond to someone who interacts with you on a regular basis. If you frequent a coffee shop in your neighborhood, get to know the barista. You don't have to exchange information, just make good conversation.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Know your way out.\", \"描述\": \"If you end up having to go to a social event, such as a friend's party, you'll want to leave before everyone else. There is nothing wrong with wanting to get home and get comfortable. Make arrangements to leave before everyone else, and be sure to let a few close friends know.\\nMake sure you have access to a bus schedule if you don't have a car.\\nDon't make a habit of lying to your friends about why you're leaving. Be honest with them about how you feel in social gatherings. Let them know that being social wears you out and that you're headed home to unwind.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Thriving as a Loner\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find jobs that play to your strengths.\", \"描述\": \"You don't have to label yourself as a \\\"team player\\\" to get a good job. If you're a loner, you probably excel at working alone. Your ability to stay motivated is a selling point.\\nBe wary of jobs that seem like loner jobs. You may think working in a library would offer you some peace and quiet, but the truth is you'll be talking to people all day.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Share your thoughts in meetings.\", \"描述\": \"All the time you spend reading and thinking, is time that you've spent gaining knowledge. Use that knowledge to your advantage.\\nDon't be afraid to tell people what you're thinking. If someone says something that gives you an idea, share it. You don't have to talk over anyone, just calmly speak your mind.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be upfront with people.\", \"描述\": \"If you do end up in a job that requires you to interact with people on a daily basis, find ways to let them know how you operate. If you prefer to communicate through email, say so.\\nSome of your co-workers may think you are rude if you don't join them in conversation. Find ways to let them know when you are busy, and when you may have some time to talk. Let them know that you prefer to work alone, and that you aren't trying to be rude.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Don't miss any opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"Try not to let your desire to be a loner get in the way of having a successful career. If you want to do well at your job, you're going to have to be social every once in a while.\\nKnow when it's okay to skip an event, and when you need to attend. If you stand to gain something out of attending, such as meeting new clients, or impressing your boss, you should go. If you can't think of any reason you absolutely have to go, then feel free to stay home.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,498 |
How to Become a Longshoreman
|
1. Meeting Basic Requirements
1-1. Obtain a TWIC card
TWIC (Transportation Worker Identification Credential) cards are required by the Maritime Transportation Security Act for anyone who works in secure maritime facilities and vessels in the USA. Apply online or fill out an application at an application center, then schedule an appointment to provide all the required documentation and pay the fee.
To be eligible for the TWIC, you must be a U.S. citizen, a lawful permanent resident, a naturalized citizen, a nonimmigrant alien, an asylee, or a refugee in lawful status. You must also be at least 18 years old.
The TSA will conduct a criminal background check and threat assessment before issuing you the credential. You will be disqualified for providing any false information or if you have a background of certain disqualifying criminal offenses.
The fee for a TWIC card as of August 2019 is $125.25 USD. You are eligible for a reduced fee of 105.25 if you have a hazardous materials endorsement on your driver’s license or a Free and Secure Trade card.
1-2. Get in shape
The work of a longshoreman is strenuous and can be dangerous, as you will be loading and unloading cargo. All longshoremen must pass physical examinations for strength, agility, and balance to show they are fit enough to do the job.
You can train with weights, do cardio exercises, and perform agility drills to get stronger and improve your agility and balance.
1-3. Avoid using drugs
Both new longshoremen and longshoremen looking to advance in the ranks have to pass drug tests to show they are drug-free. This is a safety issue as longshoremen are responsible for handling large, potentially dangerous cargo and operating heavy machinery that could cause injury to themselves or others if they are impaired.
It’s OK if you have a past history of drug use, as long as you are currently clean. Drug offenses are not a disqualifying criminal offense for obtaining a TWIC card either.
If you are currently a drug user, you need to quit drugs before you begin the process of becoming a longshoreman. Consult a drug and alcohol hotline or your doctor to make a plan for quitting. You may want to consider a rehab program if your habit is out of control and you don’t think you will be able to quit on your own.
2. Joining a Longshoreman’s Union
2-1. Determine which labor union employs the longshoremen at your local port.
Along the west coast of the U.S., this is likely to be the ILWU (International Longshore and Warehouse Union), while the prominent union along the east coast is the ILA (International Longshoremen's Association). Search online or call your local port to find out which union represents longshoremen in your area.
Keep in mind that joining a longshoremen’s union is not easy to do. These unions do not have open enrollment and you often need to know another member to get in or wait years to be accepted.
2-2. Call your local longshoremen’s union and ask about job opportunities.
Your local union will be able to provide you with specific information about how to start working with them and work your way towards membership. They will tell you if there is “casual” work available, which means dock work for non-members, and what the process for getting assigned open shifts is.
The first step to becoming a union-affiliated longshoreman is to start working with them as a casual dock worker. Through working as a casual, you will start to build up hours of experience that will eventually let you apply to become a union member.
The availability of casual work greatly depends on the union in your area. Some unions may not have any work at all for non-union members, so don’t expect to just call up your local union and start working right away.
2-3. Go to the union hiring hall or the docks and wait in line for casual shifts.
The union will instruct you where you have to show up to wait in line if there are available casual shifts. Go each day that there is work available and see if you get called for a shift.
Keep in mind that you might go home without getting called because more senior casual workers are given priority. Full union members are always given the first priority over shifts, then casual workers are given priority in order of seniority.
2-4. Gain enough experience to achieve "identified casual" status.
You will eventually be recognized by the union as an identified casual and given an ID card if you remain persistent in seeking casual dock work and work a certain number of hours. This does not make you a union member, so you will still be behind union members in seniority. However, you are now given preference over non-ID casuals when work is assigned.
Your local union will be able to inform you what the required numbers of hours are to achieve identified casual status. Some casual workers spend 10 years or more working up to identified casual status, and even longer to become full union members.
As you work your way towards identified casual status, try to network with union members and make some connections. This can improve your odds of getting accepted when you apply for union membership in the future.
2-5. Apply for union membership when they are accepting applications.
You can apply for membership in the union once you become an identified casual. The union will distribute applications when they are seeking to expand their membership, and the process is generally very competitive. You may have to apply several times before being accepted.
Once accepted into the union, your schedule will become more reliable and flexible, as you are now given preference over casual workers.
Union members are full-fledged longshoremen and receive benefits from the union for life.
3. Pursuing Alternative Maritime Careers
3-1. Call your local port and ask about non-unionized jobs at the docks.
Some ports have other dock worker positions or other types of jobs available to people who are not members of a longshoremen’s union. Call the port and ask if they have any such jobs available and how you can apply for them.
You can also check online to see if your local port has a job board where they post openings or any other information about jobs available at the docks.
3-2. Get a maritime-related education if you can’t get work at a local port.
There are many maritime-focused programs available at community colleges and other educational institutions. Enroll in a program that interests you to open up doors to a different career in a maritime field as an alternative to being a longshoreman.
For example, you could study maritime science or get a certificate in seamanship or vessel operations. A degree or certificate in these types of programs can make you a candidate for a variety of maritime jobs, including with government organizations such as the coast guard.
3-3. Apply
Search online and look in local classifieds for job openings in maritime fields. Apply for any that you are interested in and for which you meet the educational and professional requirements.
If you have completed an education in a maritime-related field, then network with any connections you have from the program to hunt down job opportunities. For example, professors who taught you might be able to provide you with leads on where to look for jobs or even put you in contact with someone who is hiring.
Examples of other maritime jobs include working on a port management team, working for a shipping company, being a marine surveyor, or even working as a marine technician. There are all kinds of maritime jobs both onshore and on vessels.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:09",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting Basic Requirements\\n1-1. Obtain a TWIC card\\nTWIC (Transportation Worker Identification Credential) cards are required by the Maritime Transportation Security Act for anyone who works in secure maritime facilities and vessels in the USA. Apply online or fill out an application at an application center, then schedule an appointment to provide all the required documentation and pay the fee.\\nTo be eligible for the TWIC, you must be a U.S. citizen, a lawful permanent resident, a naturalized citizen, a nonimmigrant alien, an asylee, or a refugee in lawful status. You must also be at least 18 years old.\\nThe TSA will conduct a criminal background check and threat assessment before issuing you the credential. You will be disqualified for providing any false information or if you have a background of certain disqualifying criminal offenses.\\nThe fee for a TWIC card as of August 2019 is $125.25 USD. You are eligible for a reduced fee of 105.25 if you have a hazardous materials endorsement on your driver’s license or a Free and Secure Trade card.\\n1-2. Get in shape\\nThe work of a longshoreman is strenuous and can be dangerous, as you will be loading and unloading cargo. All longshoremen must pass physical examinations for strength, agility, and balance to show they are fit enough to do the job.\\nYou can train with weights, do cardio exercises, and perform agility drills to get stronger and improve your agility and balance.\\n1-3. Avoid using drugs\\nBoth new longshoremen and longshoremen looking to advance in the ranks have to pass drug tests to show they are drug-free. This is a safety issue as longshoremen are responsible for handling large, potentially dangerous cargo and operating heavy machinery that could cause injury to themselves or others if they are impaired.\\nIt’s OK if you have a past history of drug use, as long as you are currently clean. Drug offenses are not a disqualifying criminal offense for obtaining a TWIC card either.\\nIf you are currently a drug user, you need to quit drugs before you begin the process of becoming a longshoreman. Consult a drug and alcohol hotline or your doctor to make a plan for quitting. You may want to consider a rehab program if your habit is out of control and you don’t think you will be able to quit on your own.\\n2. Joining a Longshoreman’s Union\\n2-1. Determine which labor union employs the longshoremen at your local port.\\nAlong the west coast of the U.S., this is likely to be the ILWU (International Longshore and Warehouse Union), while the prominent union along the east coast is the ILA (International Longshoremen's Association). Search online or call your local port to find out which union represents longshoremen in your area.\\nKeep in mind that joining a longshoremen’s union is not easy to do. These unions do not have open enrollment and you often need to know another member to get in or wait years to be accepted.\\n2-2. Call your local longshoremen’s union and ask about job opportunities.\\nYour local union will be able to provide you with specific information about how to start working with them and work your way towards membership. They will tell you if there is “casual” work available, which means dock work for non-members, and what the process for getting assigned open shifts is.\\nThe first step to becoming a union-affiliated longshoreman is to start working with them as a casual dock worker. Through working as a casual, you will start to build up hours of experience that will eventually let you apply to become a union member.\\nThe availability of casual work greatly depends on the union in your area. Some unions may not have any work at all for non-union members, so don’t expect to just call up your local union and start working right away.\\n2-3. Go to the union hiring hall or the docks and wait in line for casual shifts.\\nThe union will instruct you where you have to show up to wait in line if there are available casual shifts. Go each day that there is work available and see if you get called for a shift.\\nKeep in mind that you might go home without getting called because more senior casual workers are given priority. Full union members are always given the first priority over shifts, then casual workers are given priority in order of seniority.\\n2-4. Gain enough experience to achieve \\\"identified casual\\\" status.\\nYou will eventually be recognized by the union as an identified casual and given an ID card if you remain persistent in seeking casual dock work and work a certain number of hours. This does not make you a union member, so you will still be behind union members in seniority. However, you are now given preference over non-ID casuals when work is assigned.\\nYour local union will be able to inform you what the required numbers of hours are to achieve identified casual status. Some casual workers spend 10 years or more working up to identified casual status, and even longer to become full union members.\\nAs you work your way towards identified casual status, try to network with union members and make some connections. This can improve your odds of getting accepted when you apply for union membership in the future.\\n2-5. Apply for union membership when they are accepting applications.\\nYou can apply for membership in the union once you become an identified casual. The union will distribute applications when they are seeking to expand their membership, and the process is generally very competitive. You may have to apply several times before being accepted.\\nOnce accepted into the union, your schedule will become more reliable and flexible, as you are now given preference over casual workers.\\nUnion members are full-fledged longshoremen and receive benefits from the union for life.\\n3. Pursuing Alternative Maritime Careers\\n3-1. Call your local port and ask about non-unionized jobs at the docks.\\nSome ports have other dock worker positions or other types of jobs available to people who are not members of a longshoremen’s union. Call the port and ask if they have any such jobs available and how you can apply for them.\\nYou can also check online to see if your local port has a job board where they post openings or any other information about jobs available at the docks.\\n3-2. Get a maritime-related education if you can’t get work at a local port.\\nThere are many maritime-focused programs available at community colleges and other educational institutions. Enroll in a program that interests you to open up doors to a different career in a maritime field as an alternative to being a longshoreman.\\nFor example, you could study maritime science or get a certificate in seamanship or vessel operations. A degree or certificate in these types of programs can make you a candidate for a variety of maritime jobs, including with government organizations such as the coast guard.\\n3-3. Apply\\nSearch online and look in local classifieds for job openings in maritime fields. Apply for any that you are interested in and for which you meet the educational and professional requirements.\\nIf you have completed an education in a maritime-related field, then network with any connections you have from the program to hunt down job opportunities. For example, professors who taught you might be able to provide you with leads on where to look for jobs or even put you in contact with someone who is hiring.\\nExamples of other maritime jobs include working on a port management team, working for a shipping company, being a marine surveyor, or even working as a marine technician. There are all kinds of maritime jobs both onshore and on vessels.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A longshoreman is a worker who loads and unloads cargo onto ships. They are nearly always employed as part of a labor union, and gaining membership in this union is the crucial step in order to become a longshoreman. Unionized longshoremen are rewarded with high pay, an extensive benefits package, and a flexible schedule. However, it is not easy to join a longshoremen’s union and is a process that can take years to complete, so you may want to consider pursuing an alternative maritime career if you are not prepared to commit years of your life to waiting to become a longshoreman.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting Basic Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain a TWIC card\", \"描述\": \"TWIC (Transportation Worker Identification Credential) cards are required by the Maritime Transportation Security Act for anyone who works in secure maritime facilities and vessels in the USA. Apply online or fill out an application at an application center, then schedule an appointment to provide all the required documentation and pay the fee.\\nTo be eligible for the TWIC, you must be a U.S. citizen, a lawful permanent resident, a naturalized citizen, a nonimmigrant alien, an asylee, or a refugee in lawful status. You must also be at least 18 years old.\\nThe TSA will conduct a criminal background check and threat assessment before issuing you the credential. You will be disqualified for providing any false information or if you have a background of certain disqualifying criminal offenses.\\nThe fee for a TWIC card as of August 2019 is $125.25 USD. You are eligible for a reduced fee of 105.25 if you have a hazardous materials endorsement on your driver’s license or a Free and Secure Trade card.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get in shape\", \"描述\": \"The work of a longshoreman is strenuous and can be dangerous, as you will be loading and unloading cargo. All longshoremen must pass physical examinations for strength, agility, and balance to show they are fit enough to do the job.\\nYou can train with weights, do cardio exercises, and perform agility drills to get stronger and improve your agility and balance.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid using drugs\", \"描述\": \"Both new longshoremen and longshoremen looking to advance in the ranks have to pass drug tests to show they are drug-free. This is a safety issue as longshoremen are responsible for handling large, potentially dangerous cargo and operating heavy machinery that could cause injury to themselves or others if they are impaired.\\nIt’s OK if you have a past history of drug use, as long as you are currently clean. Drug offenses are not a disqualifying criminal offense for obtaining a TWIC card either.\\nIf you are currently a drug user, you need to quit drugs before you begin the process of becoming a longshoreman. Consult a drug and alcohol hotline or your doctor to make a plan for quitting. You may want to consider a rehab program if your habit is out of control and you don’t think you will be able to quit on your own.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Joining a Longshoreman’s Union\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine which labor union employs the longshoremen at your local port.\", \"描述\": \"Along the west coast of the U.S., this is likely to be the ILWU (International Longshore and Warehouse Union), while the prominent union along the east coast is the ILA (International Longshoremen's Association). Search online or call your local port to find out which union represents longshoremen in your area.\\nKeep in mind that joining a longshoremen’s union is not easy to do. These unions do not have open enrollment and you often need to know another member to get in or wait years to be accepted.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Call your local longshoremen’s union and ask about job opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"Your local union will be able to provide you with specific information about how to start working with them and work your way towards membership. They will tell you if there is “casual” work available, which means dock work for non-members, and what the process for getting assigned open shifts is.\\nThe first step to becoming a union-affiliated longshoreman is to start working with them as a casual dock worker. Through working as a casual, you will start to build up hours of experience that will eventually let you apply to become a union member.\\nThe availability of casual work greatly depends on the union in your area. Some unions may not have any work at all for non-union members, so don’t expect to just call up your local union and start working right away.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Go to the union hiring hall or the docks and wait in line for casual shifts.\", \"描述\": \"The union will instruct you where you have to show up to wait in line if there are available casual shifts. Go each day that there is work available and see if you get called for a shift.\\nKeep in mind that you might go home without getting called because more senior casual workers are given priority. Full union members are always given the first priority over shifts, then casual workers are given priority in order of seniority.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Gain enough experience to achieve \\\"identified casual\\\" status.\", \"描述\": \"You will eventually be recognized by the union as an identified casual and given an ID card if you remain persistent in seeking casual dock work and work a certain number of hours. This does not make you a union member, so you will still be behind union members in seniority. However, you are now given preference over non-ID casuals when work is assigned.\\nYour local union will be able to inform you what the required numbers of hours are to achieve identified casual status. Some casual workers spend 10 years or more working up to identified casual status, and even longer to become full union members.\\nAs you work your way towards identified casual status, try to network with union members and make some connections. This can improve your odds of getting accepted when you apply for union membership in the future.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply for union membership when they are accepting applications.\", \"描述\": \"You can apply for membership in the union once you become an identified casual. The union will distribute applications when they are seeking to expand their membership, and the process is generally very competitive. You may have to apply several times before being accepted.\\nOnce accepted into the union, your schedule will become more reliable and flexible, as you are now given preference over casual workers.\\nUnion members are full-fledged longshoremen and receive benefits from the union for life.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pursuing Alternative Maritime Careers\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Call your local port and ask about non-unionized jobs at the docks.\", \"描述\": \"Some ports have other dock worker positions or other types of jobs available to people who are not members of a longshoremen’s union. Call the port and ask if they have any such jobs available and how you can apply for them.\\nYou can also check online to see if your local port has a job board where they post openings or any other information about jobs available at the docks.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a maritime-related education if you can’t get work at a local port.\", \"描述\": \"There are many maritime-focused programs available at community colleges and other educational institutions. Enroll in a program that interests you to open up doors to a different career in a maritime field as an alternative to being a longshoreman.\\nFor example, you could study maritime science or get a certificate in seamanship or vessel operations. A degree or certificate in these types of programs can make you a candidate for a variety of maritime jobs, including with government organizations such as the coast guard.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply\", \"描述\": \"Search online and look in local classifieds for job openings in maritime fields. Apply for any that you are interested in and for which you meet the educational and professional requirements.\\nIf you have completed an education in a maritime-related field, then network with any connections you have from the program to hunt down job opportunities. For example, professors who taught you might be able to provide you with leads on where to look for jobs or even put you in contact with someone who is hiring.\\nExamples of other maritime jobs include working on a port management team, working for a shipping company, being a marine surveyor, or even working as a marine technician. There are all kinds of maritime jobs both onshore and on vessels.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,499 |
How to Become a Lord
|
1. Purchasing a Title
1-1. Find a website that offers “Lord” titles.
Sites such as Elite Titles, Highland Titles, and Lord Titles all offer the opportunity of purchasing the title of Lord. You can find these websites by typing “purchase a Lord title” into your online search engine. Realize that these titles are just a novelty and don’t make you a legal Lord.
Under United Kingdom law, you're legally allowed to call yourself whatever you want as long as you aren't defrauding anyone or using the name change to evade some type of legal responsibility.
Novelty titles do not grant you a seat in the House of Lords.
Consider where your money goes. Some companies put the funds toward conservation work on specific estates, so you're making a donation and receiving the novelty title in return.
1-2. Choose a package including a title or plot of land.
Some websites will simply send you a certificate with your new title on it, while others let you choose different sized plots of land or come with things like stationery, an ID card, or a commemorative medal. Click on the package once you’ve decided which one you want to purchase.
Each website has different pricing and gifts that come with their packages, costing between £18.95 and £995 ($28.97 and $1,521.29), so look at each one thoroughly to decide which is right for you.
For example, look at different plots of land that come with your title at https://www.highlandtitles.com/buy-a-plot/. You can visit and use your plot of land, but it will remain officially registered under the name of the company from which you purchased it.
Look through the different title packages at https://www.lordtitles.co.uk/collections/lord-lady-title-packs.
1-3. Fill out the information form and payment details.
Once you’ve selected your package, you’ll be taken to a form to fill out information such as the name you’d like printed on your certificate, what you want to come in your package, and whether the title is being purchased as a gift. You’ll also fill out your payment information and address where the package will be shipped.
Double check the spelling of your name and information as you’re filling out the form so it appears correctly on your title.
Be aware that you’ll be paying for the shipping cost as well.
1-4. Wait for your title or package to be sent to you in the mail.
After you’ve submitted the payment form, you should receive an email confirming your purchase. Depending on where you live, it will take anywhere from 3-24 days to receive your title package in the mail.
If you need the title before it arrives in the mail, check your confirmation email to see if you’re able to download a PDF version.
For example, if you live in the UK, it will take roughly 3 days to receive your title in the mail, while if you live in the United States or Canada, it will take 10-14 days.
2. Becoming a Lord Legally
2-1. Bid on an open estate that comes with the title Lord.
Sometimes estates will become available because their current owner is selling them. These types of estates often make the news, making it easier to find out which estates are for sale. The estates that come with the title of Lord are often millions of dollars, and the buyer is expected to preserve the estate just as it is.
To see if there are any estates for sale, type “lord estates for sale” or something similar into an online search engine.
Know that these estates are very expensive and often go to millionaires.
2-2. Marry into the noble family to receive the title.
This method of becoming a lord is more unlikely, but always possible. The title is inherited, so if you marry a Lady or a Lord’s daughter you become a Lord.
2-3. Be recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission.
This independent body was set up in 2000, and they have the ability to recommend people to be appointed as lords. They can recommend anyone they choose, though you’re more likely to be recommended if you’re a judge, bishop, or archbishop.
You can be nominated by regular members of the public, but the House of Lords Appointments Commission makes the ultimate recommendation.
2-4. Have the King appoint you to the House of Lords.
The King gets his recommendation from the Prime Minister. To make yourself well known, you’ll need to have made distinct accomplishments or advancements that better the people. If you’re recommended to be part of the House of Lords, the King will confirm it.
Those who receive this title usually receive it for exemplary service to the country, and the title cannot be inherited by future generations.
For example, Lord Garnier was appointed to the House of Lords for his work on topics such as Human Rights, while Lord Deben was appointed due to his focus on climate change and the environment.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:09",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Purchasing a Title\\n1-1. Find a website that offers “Lord” titles.\\nSites such as Elite Titles, Highland Titles, and Lord Titles all offer the opportunity of purchasing the title of Lord. You can find these websites by typing “purchase a Lord title” into your online search engine. Realize that these titles are just a novelty and don’t make you a legal Lord.\\nUnder United Kingdom law, you're legally allowed to call yourself whatever you want as long as you aren't defrauding anyone or using the name change to evade some type of legal responsibility.\\nNovelty titles do not grant you a seat in the House of Lords.\\nConsider where your money goes. Some companies put the funds toward conservation work on specific estates, so you're making a donation and receiving the novelty title in return.\\n1-2. Choose a package including a title or plot of land.\\nSome websites will simply send you a certificate with your new title on it, while others let you choose different sized plots of land or come with things like stationery, an ID card, or a commemorative medal. Click on the package once you’ve decided which one you want to purchase.\\nEach website has different pricing and gifts that come with their packages, costing between £18.95 and £995 ($28.97 and $1,521.29), so look at each one thoroughly to decide which is right for you.\\nFor example, look at different plots of land that come with your title at https://www.highlandtitles.com/buy-a-plot/. You can visit and use your plot of land, but it will remain officially registered under the name of the company from which you purchased it.\\nLook through the different title packages at https://www.lordtitles.co.uk/collections/lord-lady-title-packs.\\n1-3. Fill out the information form and payment details.\\nOnce you’ve selected your package, you’ll be taken to a form to fill out information such as the name you’d like printed on your certificate, what you want to come in your package, and whether the title is being purchased as a gift. You’ll also fill out your payment information and address where the package will be shipped.\\nDouble check the spelling of your name and information as you’re filling out the form so it appears correctly on your title.\\nBe aware that you’ll be paying for the shipping cost as well.\\n1-4. Wait for your title or package to be sent to you in the mail.\\nAfter you’ve submitted the payment form, you should receive an email confirming your purchase. Depending on where you live, it will take anywhere from 3-24 days to receive your title package in the mail.\\nIf you need the title before it arrives in the mail, check your confirmation email to see if you’re able to download a PDF version.\\nFor example, if you live in the UK, it will take roughly 3 days to receive your title in the mail, while if you live in the United States or Canada, it will take 10-14 days.\\n2. Becoming a Lord Legally\\n2-1. Bid on an open estate that comes with the title Lord.\\nSometimes estates will become available because their current owner is selling them. These types of estates often make the news, making it easier to find out which estates are for sale. The estates that come with the title of Lord are often millions of dollars, and the buyer is expected to preserve the estate just as it is.\\nTo see if there are any estates for sale, type “lord estates for sale” or something similar into an online search engine.\\nKnow that these estates are very expensive and often go to millionaires.\\n2-2. Marry into the noble family to receive the title.\\nThis method of becoming a lord is more unlikely, but always possible. The title is inherited, so if you marry a Lady or a Lord’s daughter you become a Lord.\\n2-3. Be recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission.\\nThis independent body was set up in 2000, and they have the ability to recommend people to be appointed as lords. They can recommend anyone they choose, though you’re more likely to be recommended if you’re a judge, bishop, or archbishop.\\nYou can be nominated by regular members of the public, but the House of Lords Appointments Commission makes the ultimate recommendation.\\n2-4. Have the King appoint you to the House of Lords.\\nThe King gets his recommendation from the Prime Minister. To make yourself well known, you’ll need to have made distinct accomplishments or advancements that better the people. If you’re recommended to be part of the House of Lords, the King will confirm it.\\nThose who receive this title usually receive it for exemplary service to the country, and the title cannot be inherited by future generations.\\nFor example, Lord Garnier was appointed to the House of Lords for his work on topics such as Human Rights, while Lord Deben was appointed due to his focus on climate change and the environment.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The easiest way to be called a Lord is to purchase a title from a website that specializes in these titles. The novelty titles can be bought at a low price, and some of them even come with souvenir plots of land. However, these aren't official titles that make you a true Lord, as being named an authentic Lord is a bit more challenging. Becoming a legal Lord happens if you're appointed to the House of Lords or marry into a noble family, making purchasing a novelty title the easiest way to call yourself a Lord.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Purchasing a Title\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a website that offers “Lord” titles.\", \"描述\": \"Sites such as Elite Titles, Highland Titles, and Lord Titles all offer the opportunity of purchasing the title of Lord. You can find these websites by typing “purchase a Lord title” into your online search engine. Realize that these titles are just a novelty and don’t make you a legal Lord.\\nUnder United Kingdom law, you're legally allowed to call yourself whatever you want as long as you aren't defrauding anyone or using the name change to evade some type of legal responsibility.\\nNovelty titles do not grant you a seat in the House of Lords.\\nConsider where your money goes. Some companies put the funds toward conservation work on specific estates, so you're making a donation and receiving the novelty title in return.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a package including a title or plot of land.\", \"描述\": \"Some websites will simply send you a certificate with your new title on it, while others let you choose different sized plots of land or come with things like stationery, an ID card, or a commemorative medal. Click on the package once you’ve decided which one you want to purchase.\\nEach website has different pricing and gifts that come with their packages, costing between £18.95 and £995 ($28.97 and $1,521.29), so look at each one thoroughly to decide which is right for you.\\nFor example, look at different plots of land that come with your title at https://www.highlandtitles.com/buy-a-plot/. You can visit and use your plot of land, but it will remain officially registered under the name of the company from which you purchased it.\\nLook through the different title packages at https://www.lordtitles.co.uk/collections/lord-lady-title-packs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Fill out the information form and payment details.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve selected your package, you’ll be taken to a form to fill out information such as the name you’d like printed on your certificate, what you want to come in your package, and whether the title is being purchased as a gift. You’ll also fill out your payment information and address where the package will be shipped.\\nDouble check the spelling of your name and information as you’re filling out the form so it appears correctly on your title.\\nBe aware that you’ll be paying for the shipping cost as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wait for your title or package to be sent to you in the mail.\", \"描述\": \"After you’ve submitted the payment form, you should receive an email confirming your purchase. Depending on where you live, it will take anywhere from 3-24 days to receive your title package in the mail.\\nIf you need the title before it arrives in the mail, check your confirmation email to see if you’re able to download a PDF version.\\nFor example, if you live in the UK, it will take roughly 3 days to receive your title in the mail, while if you live in the United States or Canada, it will take 10-14 days.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Lord Legally\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Bid on an open estate that comes with the title Lord.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes estates will become available because their current owner is selling them. These types of estates often make the news, making it easier to find out which estates are for sale. The estates that come with the title of Lord are often millions of dollars, and the buyer is expected to preserve the estate just as it is.\\nTo see if there are any estates for sale, type “lord estates for sale” or something similar into an online search engine.\\nKnow that these estates are very expensive and often go to millionaires.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Marry into the noble family to receive the title.\", \"描述\": \"This method of becoming a lord is more unlikely, but always possible. The title is inherited, so if you marry a Lady or a Lord’s daughter you become a Lord.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be recommended by the House of Lords Appointments Commission.\", \"描述\": \"This independent body was set up in 2000, and they have the ability to recommend people to be appointed as lords. They can recommend anyone they choose, though you’re more likely to be recommended if you’re a judge, bishop, or archbishop.\\nYou can be nominated by regular members of the public, but the House of Lords Appointments Commission makes the ultimate recommendation.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Have the King appoint you to the House of Lords.\", \"描述\": \"The King gets his recommendation from the Prime Minister. To make yourself well known, you’ll need to have made distinct accomplishments or advancements that better the people. If you’re recommended to be part of the House of Lords, the King will confirm it.\\nThose who receive this title usually receive it for exemplary service to the country, and the title cannot be inherited by future generations.\\nFor example, Lord Garnier was appointed to the House of Lords for his work on topics such as Human Rights, while Lord Deben was appointed due to his focus on climate change and the environment.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,500 |
How to Become a Lyft Driver
|
1. Checking The Requirements
1-1. Pass the driver requirements.
You’ll need to be at least 21 years of age to drive for Lyft. In addition, you’ll have to complete a background check and a driver’s record check.
In the past three years, you shouldn’t have more than three moving violations, such as traffic light violations. You shouldn’t have any major violations, such as reckless driving.
In the last seven years, you should have no drug-related infractions or DUIs. In addition, you can’t have any driving felonies, such as a hit-and-run.
In the past seven years, you shouldn’t have committed any violent crimes, sexual offenses, thefts, property damage, felonies or drug related offenses.
1-2. Make sure you have a valid license.
You’ll need a valid driver’s license for your state, as well as one year of driving experience in the United States. If you recently moved and hope to drive for Lyft, you should go to the DMV and get a license.
If you recently moved and got a new in-state license, you will need to prove that you have one year of driving experience. You could take a photograph of your old driver’s license before trading it in for your new in-state license.
1-3. Get in-state car insurance.
Your automotive insurance should be in-state and your name should be on the policy. In addition, you must be insured to the level of the state minimum.
The name on your insurance policy has to match the vehicle you want to drive for Lyft.
1-4. Ensure your car is up to snuff.
You’ll need a four door car that is in good condition. In particular, your car should have all of the safety features, no major damage and should be clean. It should meet the following specifications:
It should be a 2004 or newer model.
All seatbelts in good working condition.
Good tire tread depth. You should be able to fit a penny within all parts of the tread.
Four doors that are in good working order. There has to be a handle on each of the four doors that is accessible from the outside.
All lights in good working order. Signals, high beams, hazards, turn signals, brake lights, fog beams and other lights should be functioning.
Working A/C and heating.
Windows that roll up and down and in good condition.
No obstruction of the field of vision, such as cracks in the windshield.
The body of the car must be in good condition.
Working mufflers and tailpipe.
Seat adjustments work properly.
Horn works.
No issues with the engine, transmission, suspension, steering or brakes of the vehicle.
1-5. Apply for the express drive program if you don’t own a car.
If you have all of the requirements except for a car, you can still drive for Lyft! You can drive for one of the car rental companies that have arrangements with Lyft, such as Hertz or Enterprise, for example. This can be a good way to try out the job, although you may want to own your own car for this job eventually, given the rental costs.
It may cost in the range of $150-250 per week to rent a car to drive for Lyft.
1-6. Get a mobile app.
You need a smartphone for this job, since you will get your jobs by looking at the Lyft mobile app. In particular, you’ll need at least an iPhone 4 with an iOS 9.0+ operating system. If you use an Android device, it should be running at least a 6.0+ operating system.
2. Applying for the Job
2-1. Create a Lyft account.
On your smartphone or personal computer, go to the Lyft website. You will need to enter your first and last name, email address, city and phone number. At this stage, you can also get a rough estimate of how much you could make based on your city and the number of hours you plan to drive.
2-2. Fill out the basic information on the Lyft website.
After creating your account, you will be asked to fill out basic information that Lyft will use to perform a background check, driver’s record check, identity check, vehicle check and make sure you meet the driver’s requirements. Lyft will contact you about the status of your application.
2-3. Pass the welcome ride.
If you pass the online application process, you will get an email from a Lyft mentor. A Lyft mentor is an experienced Lyft driver who will test your suitability for the position. You will set up a meeting with the Lyft mentor. At the meeting, you’ll have to take the mentor for a drive. At this stage, you may want to ask the mentor a few questions about their experience of driving for Lyft and try to get a few tips.
The mentor will take a photograph of you, your car and license, which they will send to Lyft on your behalf.
2-4. Download the Lyft application.
Open the App store on your smartphone. Open search and type “Lyft.” Click on “Get” to download the mobile application. Once the App is downloaded to your phone, you should see a steering wheel in the top right corner. Tap on the steering wheel to get to the driver’s side of the application.
2-5. Enter your banking information into the driver dashboard.
In order to get paid from Lyft, you’ll need to enter your banking information into the driver dashboard on your Lyft account. Although you can do this from a mobile phone, you may prefer to enter this information on a computer. You’ll need to enter your bank’s routing and account numbers.
If you look for the routing number on a personal check, it is the 9-digit code on the lower left corner.
You’ll see the account number on the right side of the check. It is a 13-digit code.
Lyft will only transfer money to a checking account.
3. Driving for Lyft
3-1. Determine “prime time” hours.
Since you can make more money per hour by driving during “prime time,” you’ll want to determine when “prime time” is scheduled in your city. Typically, “prime time” is scheduled for late at night when people are coming back from the bars. The early mornings are also typically “prime time,” since many people will be using the app to get to work.
3-2. Figure out the most lucrative times of year.
The most lucrative times of year to make money in your region will vary depending on the local economy. So it helps to know when tourists begin coming to your city or town, for example, as well as when major festivals or events take place.
3-3. Learn from the local driving community.
Talk to other Lyft drivers. Join a social networking site for Lyft or Uber drivers in your area, such as a Facebook group. Ask for tips from more experienced drivers, such as how to get the most lucrative trips and the best tips.
3-4. Practice good customer service.
Since passengers will be rating their experience in your car, you’ll need to practice friendly, positive customer service. Lyft is known for offering a friendly, upbeat passenger experience, so you should be prepared to chat and drive. Being friendly should help not only with your tips but also with your ratings, which influence how many rides you get.
Tips
Sign up to drive for both Uber and Lyft. You might be able to make more money by driving for both Uber and Lyft. Although Lyft is supposed to be more driver friendly, Uber is slightly larger.[14]
X
Research source
Warnings
If you do not consider yourself a people person, you may want to avoid driving for Lyft. It is hard to get good ratings on the Lyft app if you are not friendly and outgoing.[15]
X
Research source
Be realistic about the earnings potential. Driving for Lyft is a great secondary job that you can do on weekends or your spare time, but will probably not be enough for a full time job.[16]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:09",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Checking The Requirements\\n1-1. Pass the driver requirements.\\nYou’ll need to be at least 21 years of age to drive for Lyft. In addition, you’ll have to complete a background check and a driver’s record check.\\nIn the past three years, you shouldn’t have more than three moving violations, such as traffic light violations. You shouldn’t have any major violations, such as reckless driving.\\nIn the last seven years, you should have no drug-related infractions or DUIs. In addition, you can’t have any driving felonies, such as a hit-and-run.\\nIn the past seven years, you shouldn’t have committed any violent crimes, sexual offenses, thefts, property damage, felonies or drug related offenses.\\n1-2. Make sure you have a valid license.\\nYou’ll need a valid driver’s license for your state, as well as one year of driving experience in the United States. If you recently moved and hope to drive for Lyft, you should go to the DMV and get a license.\\nIf you recently moved and got a new in-state license, you will need to prove that you have one year of driving experience. You could take a photograph of your old driver’s license before trading it in for your new in-state license.\\n1-3. Get in-state car insurance.\\nYour automotive insurance should be in-state and your name should be on the policy. In addition, you must be insured to the level of the state minimum.\\nThe name on your insurance policy has to match the vehicle you want to drive for Lyft.\\n1-4. Ensure your car is up to snuff.\\nYou’ll need a four door car that is in good condition. In particular, your car should have all of the safety features, no major damage and should be clean. It should meet the following specifications:\\nIt should be a 2004 or newer model.\\nAll seatbelts in good working condition.\\nGood tire tread depth. You should be able to fit a penny within all parts of the tread.\\nFour doors that are in good working order. There has to be a handle on each of the four doors that is accessible from the outside.\\nAll lights in good working order. Signals, high beams, hazards, turn signals, brake lights, fog beams and other lights should be functioning.\\nWorking A/C and heating.\\nWindows that roll up and down and in good condition.\\nNo obstruction of the field of vision, such as cracks in the windshield.\\nThe body of the car must be in good condition.\\nWorking mufflers and tailpipe.\\nSeat adjustments work properly.\\nHorn works.\\nNo issues with the engine, transmission, suspension, steering or brakes of the vehicle.\\n1-5. Apply for the express drive program if you don’t own a car.\\nIf you have all of the requirements except for a car, you can still drive for Lyft! You can drive for one of the car rental companies that have arrangements with Lyft, such as Hertz or Enterprise, for example. This can be a good way to try out the job, although you may want to own your own car for this job eventually, given the rental costs.\\nIt may cost in the range of $150-250 per week to rent a car to drive for Lyft.\\n1-6. Get a mobile app.\\nYou need a smartphone for this job, since you will get your jobs by looking at the Lyft mobile app. In particular, you’ll need at least an iPhone 4 with an iOS 9.0+ operating system. If you use an Android device, it should be running at least a 6.0+ operating system.\\n2. Applying for the Job\\n2-1. Create a Lyft account.\\nOn your smartphone or personal computer, go to the Lyft website. You will need to enter your first and last name, email address, city and phone number. At this stage, you can also get a rough estimate of how much you could make based on your city and the number of hours you plan to drive.\\n2-2. Fill out the basic information on the Lyft website.\\nAfter creating your account, you will be asked to fill out basic information that Lyft will use to perform a background check, driver’s record check, identity check, vehicle check and make sure you meet the driver’s requirements. Lyft will contact you about the status of your application.\\n2-3. Pass the welcome ride.\\nIf you pass the online application process, you will get an email from a Lyft mentor. A Lyft mentor is an experienced Lyft driver who will test your suitability for the position. You will set up a meeting with the Lyft mentor. At the meeting, you’ll have to take the mentor for a drive. At this stage, you may want to ask the mentor a few questions about their experience of driving for Lyft and try to get a few tips.\\nThe mentor will take a photograph of you, your car and license, which they will send to Lyft on your behalf.\\n2-4. Download the Lyft application.\\nOpen the App store on your smartphone. Open search and type “Lyft.” Click on “Get” to download the mobile application. Once the App is downloaded to your phone, you should see a steering wheel in the top right corner. Tap on the steering wheel to get to the driver’s side of the application.\\n2-5. Enter your banking information into the driver dashboard.\\nIn order to get paid from Lyft, you’ll need to enter your banking information into the driver dashboard on your Lyft account. Although you can do this from a mobile phone, you may prefer to enter this information on a computer. You’ll need to enter your bank’s routing and account numbers.\\nIf you look for the routing number on a personal check, it is the 9-digit code on the lower left corner.\\nYou’ll see the account number on the right side of the check. It is a 13-digit code.\\nLyft will only transfer money to a checking account.\\n3. Driving for Lyft\\n3-1. Determine “prime time” hours.\\nSince you can make more money per hour by driving during “prime time,” you’ll want to determine when “prime time” is scheduled in your city. Typically, “prime time” is scheduled for late at night when people are coming back from the bars. The early mornings are also typically “prime time,” since many people will be using the app to get to work.\\n3-2. Figure out the most lucrative times of year.\\nThe most lucrative times of year to make money in your region will vary depending on the local economy. So it helps to know when tourists begin coming to your city or town, for example, as well as when major festivals or events take place.\\n3-3. Learn from the local driving community.\\nTalk to other Lyft drivers. Join a social networking site for Lyft or Uber drivers in your area, such as a Facebook group. Ask for tips from more experienced drivers, such as how to get the most lucrative trips and the best tips.\\n3-4. Practice good customer service.\\nSince passengers will be rating their experience in your car, you’ll need to practice friendly, positive customer service. Lyft is known for offering a friendly, upbeat passenger experience, so you should be prepared to chat and drive. Being friendly should help not only with your tips but also with your ratings, which influence how many rides you get.\\nTips\\nSign up to drive for both Uber and Lyft. You might be able to make more money by driving for both Uber and Lyft. Although Lyft is supposed to be more driver friendly, Uber is slightly larger.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nIf you do not consider yourself a people person, you may want to avoid driving for Lyft. It is hard to get good ratings on the Lyft app if you are not friendly and outgoing.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nBe realistic about the earnings potential. Driving for Lyft is a great secondary job that you can do on weekends or your spare time, but will probably not be enough for a full time job.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you are looking for a way to make some extra cash while doing something you enjoy, you may want to become a Lyft driver. You’ll enjoy fascinating conversations with passengers while cruising around town. During tourist season and prime time hours, you can earn excellent wages, although you may not be able to rely on this gig as a primary job. To become a Lyft driver, you’ll need to fulfill a few basic requirements, apply online and pass the welcome ride.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Checking The Requirements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pass the driver requirements.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to be at least 21 years of age to drive for Lyft. In addition, you’ll have to complete a background check and a driver’s record check.\\nIn the past three years, you shouldn’t have more than three moving violations, such as traffic light violations. You shouldn’t have any major violations, such as reckless driving.\\nIn the last seven years, you should have no drug-related infractions or DUIs. In addition, you can’t have any driving felonies, such as a hit-and-run.\\nIn the past seven years, you shouldn’t have committed any violent crimes, sexual offenses, thefts, property damage, felonies or drug related offenses.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make sure you have a valid license.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need a valid driver’s license for your state, as well as one year of driving experience in the United States. If you recently moved and hope to drive for Lyft, you should go to the DMV and get a license.\\nIf you recently moved and got a new in-state license, you will need to prove that you have one year of driving experience. You could take a photograph of your old driver’s license before trading it in for your new in-state license.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get in-state car insurance.\", \"描述\": \"Your automotive insurance should be in-state and your name should be on the policy. In addition, you must be insured to the level of the state minimum.\\nThe name on your insurance policy has to match the vehicle you want to drive for Lyft.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ensure your car is up to snuff.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need a four door car that is in good condition. In particular, your car should have all of the safety features, no major damage and should be clean. It should meet the following specifications:\\nIt should be a 2004 or newer model.\\nAll seatbelts in good working condition.\\nGood tire tread depth. You should be able to fit a penny within all parts of the tread.\\nFour doors that are in good working order. There has to be a handle on each of the four doors that is accessible from the outside.\\nAll lights in good working order. Signals, high beams, hazards, turn signals, brake lights, fog beams and other lights should be functioning.\\nWorking A/C and heating.\\nWindows that roll up and down and in good condition.\\nNo obstruction of the field of vision, such as cracks in the windshield.\\nThe body of the car must be in good condition.\\nWorking mufflers and tailpipe.\\nSeat adjustments work properly.\\nHorn works.\\nNo issues with the engine, transmission, suspension, steering or brakes of the vehicle.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Apply for the express drive program if you don’t own a car.\", \"描述\": \"If you have all of the requirements except for a car, you can still drive for Lyft! You can drive for one of the car rental companies that have arrangements with Lyft, such as Hertz or Enterprise, for example. This can be a good way to try out the job, although you may want to own your own car for this job eventually, given the rental costs.\\nIt may cost in the range of $150-250 per week to rent a car to drive for Lyft.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Get a mobile app.\", \"描述\": \"You need a smartphone for this job, since you will get your jobs by looking at the Lyft mobile app. In particular, you’ll need at least an iPhone 4 with an iOS 9.0+ operating system. If you use an Android device, it should be running at least a 6.0+ operating system.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Applying for the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a Lyft account.\", \"描述\": \"On your smartphone or personal computer, go to the Lyft website. You will need to enter your first and last name, email address, city and phone number. At this stage, you can also get a rough estimate of how much you could make based on your city and the number of hours you plan to drive.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fill out the basic information on the Lyft website.\", \"描述\": \"After creating your account, you will be asked to fill out basic information that Lyft will use to perform a background check, driver’s record check, identity check, vehicle check and make sure you meet the driver’s requirements. Lyft will contact you about the status of your application.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pass the welcome ride.\", \"描述\": \"If you pass the online application process, you will get an email from a Lyft mentor. A Lyft mentor is an experienced Lyft driver who will test your suitability for the position. You will set up a meeting with the Lyft mentor. At the meeting, you’ll have to take the mentor for a drive. At this stage, you may want to ask the mentor a few questions about their experience of driving for Lyft and try to get a few tips.\\nThe mentor will take a photograph of you, your car and license, which they will send to Lyft on your behalf.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Download the Lyft application.\", \"描述\": \"Open the App store on your smartphone. Open search and type “Lyft.” Click on “Get” to download the mobile application. Once the App is downloaded to your phone, you should see a steering wheel in the top right corner. Tap on the steering wheel to get to the driver’s side of the application.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Enter your banking information into the driver dashboard.\", \"描述\": \"In order to get paid from Lyft, you’ll need to enter your banking information into the driver dashboard on your Lyft account. Although you can do this from a mobile phone, you may prefer to enter this information on a computer. You’ll need to enter your bank’s routing and account numbers.\\nIf you look for the routing number on a personal check, it is the 9-digit code on the lower left corner.\\nYou’ll see the account number on the right side of the check. It is a 13-digit code.\\nLyft will only transfer money to a checking account.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Driving for Lyft\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine “prime time” hours.\", \"描述\": \"Since you can make more money per hour by driving during “prime time,” you’ll want to determine when “prime time” is scheduled in your city. Typically, “prime time” is scheduled for late at night when people are coming back from the bars. The early mornings are also typically “prime time,” since many people will be using the app to get to work.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Figure out the most lucrative times of year.\", \"描述\": \"The most lucrative times of year to make money in your region will vary depending on the local economy. So it helps to know when tourists begin coming to your city or town, for example, as well as when major festivals or events take place.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn from the local driving community.\", \"描述\": \"Talk to other Lyft drivers. Join a social networking site for Lyft or Uber drivers in your area, such as a Facebook group. Ask for tips from more experienced drivers, such as how to get the most lucrative trips and the best tips.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice good customer service.\", \"描述\": \"Since passengers will be rating their experience in your car, you’ll need to practice friendly, positive customer service. Lyft is known for offering a friendly, upbeat passenger experience, so you should be prepared to chat and drive. Being friendly should help not only with your tips but also with your ratings, which influence how many rides you get.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Sign up to drive for both Uber and Lyft. You might be able to make more money by driving for both Uber and Lyft. Although Lyft is supposed to be more driver friendly, Uber is slightly larger.[14]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you do not consider yourself a people person, you may want to avoid driving for Lyft. It is hard to get good ratings on the Lyft app if you are not friendly and outgoing.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Be realistic about the earnings potential. Driving for Lyft is a great secondary job that you can do on weekends or your spare time, but will probably not be enough for a full time job.[16]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
5,501 |
How to Become a Lyricist
|
1. Finding Jobs as a Professional Lyricist
1-1. Create a portfolio of your work to show potential employers.
You’ll need to show what you’re capable of doing before you’re hired to write anything. This means that you’ll need a portfolio of your work. A portfolio should showcase your best pieces of work, and will usually be between 3-5 songs. If the songs have already been recorded, you should still include a copy of the written lyrics.
You’ll want to make sure that you can easily share your portfolio online by putting all of your song lyrics into a single PDF or Word document.
You can use anything that you’ve written in your portfolio. It doesn’t need to contain songs that you’ve already created for clients. Just be honest about your work experience when discussing your songs.
Consider making a personal website to showcase your work to potential employers.
1-2. Look for openings online to see what opportunities exist.
Search around job sites and message boards to try and find any potential openings for a lyricist. Since most songwriting jobs can be completed at home, you won’t need to worry about applying for specific jobs in your area.
The most commonly-used job sites for freelance writers are FlexJobs, SolidGigs, Upwork, and Fiverr.
Most freelance websites require you to create an online profile and upload a portfolio. Always upload a friendly picture of yourself to make you seem more personable!
1-3. Assess freelance writing opportunities to see if they’re a good fit.
When looking at prospective jobs, consider whether you have the necessary time and level of expertise that the job is calling for. Pay close attention to each job posting’s goal or required outcome, since that will tell you what you need to create. Once you apply, prospective employers will reach out and either hire you to work remotely or request additional information.
When looking for opportunities, try searching by using keywords that relate to your specialty. For example, if you focus entirely on writing folk ballads, try entering “folk” or “love songs” in your searches.
Working from home can be quite enjoyable, but make sure that you don’t get distracted and take too long to complete your work!
Payment is usually received through the platform that you got hired on, and most websites will either ask you to link a bank account or PayPal account to send you your earnings.
1-4. Network with musicians and artists to find possible openings.
Building strong relationships with your peers is a good way to get a head start on jobs for lyricists. Reach out to other songwriters on social media and connect with local writers by inviting them out for coffee or lunch. Many job opportunities can be found before they’re even available to the public if a colleague tells you about it well in advance.
1-5. Don’t get discouraged if you’re struggling to find work.
Songwriting is a difficult field to get into if you don’t have any experience. Don’t get too down on yourself if you’re struggling to find work immediately. Every lyricist started somewhere!
If you’re being turned down frequently, consider looking for opportunities that explicitly don’t require experience in your field.
Consider revising your portfolio if you aren’t getting a lot of offers. It may be that you’re choosing to show work that doesn’t demonstrate your skills!
2. Crafting a Song
2-1. Identify what you want to write about.
Start by thinking about what would be interesting to you. Jot down simple one-line ideas for a song and think about which one might be fun to work with. Once you’ve identified your topic, you can start to brainstorm your lyrics.
Some songwriters start with the musical arrangement. Consider how a tune is making you feel and try to write lyrics that match it.
Writing about things that you’re familiar with is a good way to start. The way you see the world is unique to you, and offers a variety of topics for you to dig into.
Common topics for songs, like love or the death of a loved one, are excellent starting points if you’ve never written a song before.
2-2. Brainstorm some initial lyrics to create your song’s chorus.
Most songwriters start with the chorus. Starting with the chorus will anchor your song in a repeated phrase, which will make coming up with ideas for the verses a lot easier. Start by writing whatever comes to mind. There are no mistakes in this stage of the writing process. Once you’ve stumbled upon an idea or phrase that you think might work, edit and add to it do develop your chorus.
Avoid unnecessary words like “but” or “because” whenever possible. They’ll make your chorus sound clunky and can often be removed.
2-3. Compose your verse based on the ideas of your song’s chorus.
The chorus should provide you with direction for your verses. Start by using some expressive phrases or interesting details. If your song is a narrative, start with the beginning of your story and add to it. You can also choose to write a bunch of smaller lyrics and find a way to fit them together in a way that makes sense.
Try to show something instead of telling it. Saying “I love you” is abstract, and doesn’t give the reader a lot to chew on, while a phrase like, “My hand trembles when I hold you” provides the listener with sensory details to create a picture in their head.
Don’t repeat yourself in your verses. Your chorus should provide your song with enough repetition.
2-4. Create an outline for your song.
This step is entirely optional, but some lyricists prefer to start with an outline. To create an outline, map out the structure of your song on notebook paper. This method is a good idea if you have no control or input over the music that you’re writing lyrics for, since it’ll be your job to match the lyrics to the music.
2-5. Revise and edit your lyrics to make sure they fit.
After you’ve completed your draft, reread and recite your lyrics. If they make sense, work well together, and sound pleasing to you, then you’re done! But the odds are good that you’ll want to go back in and change things to make your song more fluid.
Show your lyrics to a friend or colleague if you don’t know what to change. Another set of eyes may catch something that you missed.
Focus on bigger problems at first. It may be possible that you need to rewrite an entire verse! Start there before focusing on the little things.
2-6. Choose a catchy or meaningful title for your song.
A good title is both informative and memorable. A strong title indicates what your song is about and should be short enough for your listener to memorize. If you’re having trouble coming up with a good title, try using the first line of the song or the most repeated phrase of the chorus.
A lot of songwriters title their songs after any repeated phrases or lyrics so that the listening audience will be able to remember the title easily.
3. Improving Your Skills
3-1. Familiarize yourself with songwriting and word processing software.
You’ll need to know the tools of your trade if you’re going to be a marketable lyricist. Consider taking a course at a local community college or audio engineering academy to learn the common songwriting programs and word processing software. You’ll need to know how to talk about these programs when discussing possible job requirements or receiving feedback.
Audio recording software is used to engineer, record, and master music. Since you’ll be writing the lyrics that go into the songs that end up getting recorded (or recording them yourself), you’ll want to be familiar with how these programs work.
The most popular digital audio workspaces (or DAWs) are Logic Pro, Pro Tools, Ableton, and Cubase. Having at least a preliminary understanding of these audio tools could really help land you a job.
3-2. Solicit feedback on your work to improve your writing.
Getting feedback from others is an excellent way to sharpen your skills as a lyricist. Criticism gives you crucial insight into what you need to improve upon or change in your writing. Feedback is going to be a big part of your songwriting contracts anyway, and getting in the practice of sharing your work with others is essential.
Don’t take negative criticism to heart. If there’s something that you can improve upon, you should want to know about it!
3-3. Attend workshops to improve your process.
Writing workshops are small communities or classes where writers share their work with one another. The goal is to hear as many critiques as possible in order to make your writing as effective as it can be. Search online or ask artists in your area about local workshops.
There are also plenty of online communities that engage in workshops. If you don’t have any established writing workshops near you, consider joining one online.
3-4. Study the great lyricists in your genre to see what they do.
Every genre of music has classic artists. If you want to write a great pop song, you should probably see how established and beloved artists did it first. Seek out famous writers and songs and figure out what made them great by looking at their lyrics directly. Take notes on clever uses of grammar or sentence structure, and pay attention to how great lyricists rhyme unconventional words together.
3-5. Collaborate with other writers to improve your songs.
Many aspiring writers believe that the writing process is solitary and done in isolation. This couldn’t be further from the truth. Lyricists almost always work with others, and getting the necessary practice will be essential to improving your skills. Seek out other writers to work with, and ask how they’d improve or change your lyrics.
You don’t have to collaborate in person. There are a lot of online forums and message boards where aspiring writers look at each other’s work and collaborate.
Be open to suggestions and don’t fight over ideas when working with others. Songwriting can be a deeply personal process, but it’s not worth ruining a relationship!
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:09",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Finding Jobs as a Professional Lyricist\\n1-1. Create a portfolio of your work to show potential employers.\\nYou’ll need to show what you’re capable of doing before you’re hired to write anything. This means that you’ll need a portfolio of your work. A portfolio should showcase your best pieces of work, and will usually be between 3-5 songs. If the songs have already been recorded, you should still include a copy of the written lyrics.\\nYou’ll want to make sure that you can easily share your portfolio online by putting all of your song lyrics into a single PDF or Word document.\\nYou can use anything that you’ve written in your portfolio. It doesn’t need to contain songs that you’ve already created for clients. Just be honest about your work experience when discussing your songs.\\nConsider making a personal website to showcase your work to potential employers.\\n1-2. Look for openings online to see what opportunities exist.\\nSearch around job sites and message boards to try and find any potential openings for a lyricist. Since most songwriting jobs can be completed at home, you won’t need to worry about applying for specific jobs in your area.\\nThe most commonly-used job sites for freelance writers are FlexJobs, SolidGigs, Upwork, and Fiverr.\\nMost freelance websites require you to create an online profile and upload a portfolio. Always upload a friendly picture of yourself to make you seem more personable!\\n1-3. Assess freelance writing opportunities to see if they’re a good fit.\\nWhen looking at prospective jobs, consider whether you have the necessary time and level of expertise that the job is calling for. Pay close attention to each job posting’s goal or required outcome, since that will tell you what you need to create. Once you apply, prospective employers will reach out and either hire you to work remotely or request additional information.\\nWhen looking for opportunities, try searching by using keywords that relate to your specialty. For example, if you focus entirely on writing folk ballads, try entering “folk” or “love songs” in your searches.\\nWorking from home can be quite enjoyable, but make sure that you don’t get distracted and take too long to complete your work!\\nPayment is usually received through the platform that you got hired on, and most websites will either ask you to link a bank account or PayPal account to send you your earnings.\\n1-4. Network with musicians and artists to find possible openings.\\nBuilding strong relationships with your peers is a good way to get a head start on jobs for lyricists. Reach out to other songwriters on social media and connect with local writers by inviting them out for coffee or lunch. Many job opportunities can be found before they’re even available to the public if a colleague tells you about it well in advance.\\n1-5. Don’t get discouraged if you’re struggling to find work.\\nSongwriting is a difficult field to get into if you don’t have any experience. Don’t get too down on yourself if you’re struggling to find work immediately. Every lyricist started somewhere!\\nIf you’re being turned down frequently, consider looking for opportunities that explicitly don’t require experience in your field.\\nConsider revising your portfolio if you aren’t getting a lot of offers. It may be that you’re choosing to show work that doesn’t demonstrate your skills!\\n2. Crafting a Song\\n2-1. Identify what you want to write about.\\nStart by thinking about what would be interesting to you. Jot down simple one-line ideas for a song and think about which one might be fun to work with. Once you’ve identified your topic, you can start to brainstorm your lyrics.\\nSome songwriters start with the musical arrangement. Consider how a tune is making you feel and try to write lyrics that match it.\\nWriting about things that you’re familiar with is a good way to start. The way you see the world is unique to you, and offers a variety of topics for you to dig into.\\nCommon topics for songs, like love or the death of a loved one, are excellent starting points if you’ve never written a song before.\\n2-2. Brainstorm some initial lyrics to create your song’s chorus.\\nMost songwriters start with the chorus. Starting with the chorus will anchor your song in a repeated phrase, which will make coming up with ideas for the verses a lot easier. Start by writing whatever comes to mind. There are no mistakes in this stage of the writing process. Once you’ve stumbled upon an idea or phrase that you think might work, edit and add to it do develop your chorus.\\nAvoid unnecessary words like “but” or “because” whenever possible. They’ll make your chorus sound clunky and can often be removed.\\n2-3. Compose your verse based on the ideas of your song’s chorus.\\nThe chorus should provide you with direction for your verses. Start by using some expressive phrases or interesting details. If your song is a narrative, start with the beginning of your story and add to it. You can also choose to write a bunch of smaller lyrics and find a way to fit them together in a way that makes sense.\\nTry to show something instead of telling it. Saying “I love you” is abstract, and doesn’t give the reader a lot to chew on, while a phrase like, “My hand trembles when I hold you” provides the listener with sensory details to create a picture in their head.\\nDon’t repeat yourself in your verses. Your chorus should provide your song with enough repetition.\\n2-4. Create an outline for your song.\\nThis step is entirely optional, but some lyricists prefer to start with an outline. To create an outline, map out the structure of your song on notebook paper. This method is a good idea if you have no control or input over the music that you’re writing lyrics for, since it’ll be your job to match the lyrics to the music.\\n2-5. Revise and edit your lyrics to make sure they fit.\\nAfter you’ve completed your draft, reread and recite your lyrics. If they make sense, work well together, and sound pleasing to you, then you’re done! But the odds are good that you’ll want to go back in and change things to make your song more fluid.\\nShow your lyrics to a friend or colleague if you don’t know what to change. Another set of eyes may catch something that you missed.\\nFocus on bigger problems at first. It may be possible that you need to rewrite an entire verse! Start there before focusing on the little things.\\n2-6. Choose a catchy or meaningful title for your song.\\nA good title is both informative and memorable. A strong title indicates what your song is about and should be short enough for your listener to memorize. If you’re having trouble coming up with a good title, try using the first line of the song or the most repeated phrase of the chorus.\\nA lot of songwriters title their songs after any repeated phrases or lyrics so that the listening audience will be able to remember the title easily.\\n3. Improving Your Skills\\n3-1. Familiarize yourself with songwriting and word processing software.\\nYou’ll need to know the tools of your trade if you’re going to be a marketable lyricist. Consider taking a course at a local community college or audio engineering academy to learn the common songwriting programs and word processing software. You’ll need to know how to talk about these programs when discussing possible job requirements or receiving feedback.\\nAudio recording software is used to engineer, record, and master music. Since you’ll be writing the lyrics that go into the songs that end up getting recorded (or recording them yourself), you’ll want to be familiar with how these programs work.\\nThe most popular digital audio workspaces (or DAWs) are Logic Pro, Pro Tools, Ableton, and Cubase. Having at least a preliminary understanding of these audio tools could really help land you a job.\\n3-2. Solicit feedback on your work to improve your writing.\\nGetting feedback from others is an excellent way to sharpen your skills as a lyricist. Criticism gives you crucial insight into what you need to improve upon or change in your writing. Feedback is going to be a big part of your songwriting contracts anyway, and getting in the practice of sharing your work with others is essential.\\nDon’t take negative criticism to heart. If there’s something that you can improve upon, you should want to know about it!\\n3-3. Attend workshops to improve your process.\\nWriting workshops are small communities or classes where writers share their work with one another. The goal is to hear as many critiques as possible in order to make your writing as effective as it can be. Search online or ask artists in your area about local workshops.\\nThere are also plenty of online communities that engage in workshops. If you don’t have any established writing workshops near you, consider joining one online.\\n3-4. Study the great lyricists in your genre to see what they do.\\nEvery genre of music has classic artists. If you want to write a great pop song, you should probably see how established and beloved artists did it first. Seek out famous writers and songs and figure out what made them great by looking at their lyrics directly. Take notes on clever uses of grammar or sentence structure, and pay attention to how great lyricists rhyme unconventional words together.\\n3-5. Collaborate with other writers to improve your songs.\\nMany aspiring writers believe that the writing process is solitary and done in isolation. This couldn’t be further from the truth. Lyricists almost always work with others, and getting the necessary practice will be essential to improving your skills. Seek out other writers to work with, and ask how they’d improve or change your lyrics.\\nYou don’t have to collaborate in person. There are a lot of online forums and message boards where aspiring writers look at each other’s work and collaborate.\\nBe open to suggestions and don’t fight over ideas when working with others. Songwriting can be a deeply personal process, but it’s not worth ruining a relationship!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A songwriter can be either a lyricist, a composer or both. While a composer creates the melody, it is the lyricist who writes the words that others perform to that melody. Becoming a lyricist requires dedication and practice to master the skills necessary to write effective and memorable song lyrics. If you’re going to become a lyricist, you’ll need to learn the craft, write some songs, and find work in your field. You’ll also want to collaborate with others and seek feedback to improve your work as you develop as a writer.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Finding Jobs as a Professional Lyricist\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a portfolio of your work to show potential employers.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to show what you’re capable of doing before you’re hired to write anything. This means that you’ll need a portfolio of your work. A portfolio should showcase your best pieces of work, and will usually be between 3-5 songs. If the songs have already been recorded, you should still include a copy of the written lyrics.\\nYou’ll want to make sure that you can easily share your portfolio online by putting all of your song lyrics into a single PDF or Word document.\\nYou can use anything that you’ve written in your portfolio. It doesn’t need to contain songs that you’ve already created for clients. Just be honest about your work experience when discussing your songs.\\nConsider making a personal website to showcase your work to potential employers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for openings online to see what opportunities exist.\", \"描述\": \"Search around job sites and message boards to try and find any potential openings for a lyricist. Since most songwriting jobs can be completed at home, you won’t need to worry about applying for specific jobs in your area.\\nThe most commonly-used job sites for freelance writers are FlexJobs, SolidGigs, Upwork, and Fiverr.\\nMost freelance websites require you to create an online profile and upload a portfolio. Always upload a friendly picture of yourself to make you seem more personable!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Assess freelance writing opportunities to see if they’re a good fit.\", \"描述\": \"When looking at prospective jobs, consider whether you have the necessary time and level of expertise that the job is calling for. Pay close attention to each job posting’s goal or required outcome, since that will tell you what you need to create. Once you apply, prospective employers will reach out and either hire you to work remotely or request additional information.\\nWhen looking for opportunities, try searching by using keywords that relate to your specialty. For example, if you focus entirely on writing folk ballads, try entering “folk” or “love songs” in your searches.\\nWorking from home can be quite enjoyable, but make sure that you don’t get distracted and take too long to complete your work!\\nPayment is usually received through the platform that you got hired on, and most websites will either ask you to link a bank account or PayPal account to send you your earnings.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Network with musicians and artists to find possible openings.\", \"描述\": \"Building strong relationships with your peers is a good way to get a head start on jobs for lyricists. Reach out to other songwriters on social media and connect with local writers by inviting them out for coffee or lunch. Many job opportunities can be found before they’re even available to the public if a colleague tells you about it well in advance.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Don’t get discouraged if you’re struggling to find work.\", \"描述\": \"Songwriting is a difficult field to get into if you don’t have any experience. Don’t get too down on yourself if you’re struggling to find work immediately. Every lyricist started somewhere!\\nIf you’re being turned down frequently, consider looking for opportunities that explicitly don’t require experience in your field.\\nConsider revising your portfolio if you aren’t getting a lot of offers. It may be that you’re choosing to show work that doesn’t demonstrate your skills!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Crafting a Song\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify what you want to write about.\", \"描述\": \"Start by thinking about what would be interesting to you. Jot down simple one-line ideas for a song and think about which one might be fun to work with. Once you’ve identified your topic, you can start to brainstorm your lyrics.\\nSome songwriters start with the musical arrangement. Consider how a tune is making you feel and try to write lyrics that match it.\\nWriting about things that you’re familiar with is a good way to start. The way you see the world is unique to you, and offers a variety of topics for you to dig into.\\nCommon topics for songs, like love or the death of a loved one, are excellent starting points if you’ve never written a song before.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Brainstorm some initial lyrics to create your song’s chorus.\", \"描述\": \"Most songwriters start with the chorus. Starting with the chorus will anchor your song in a repeated phrase, which will make coming up with ideas for the verses a lot easier. Start by writing whatever comes to mind. There are no mistakes in this stage of the writing process. Once you’ve stumbled upon an idea or phrase that you think might work, edit and add to it do develop your chorus.\\nAvoid unnecessary words like “but” or “because” whenever possible. They’ll make your chorus sound clunky and can often be removed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Compose your verse based on the ideas of your song’s chorus.\", \"描述\": \"The chorus should provide you with direction for your verses. Start by using some expressive phrases or interesting details. If your song is a narrative, start with the beginning of your story and add to it. You can also choose to write a bunch of smaller lyrics and find a way to fit them together in a way that makes sense.\\nTry to show something instead of telling it. Saying “I love you” is abstract, and doesn’t give the reader a lot to chew on, while a phrase like, “My hand trembles when I hold you” provides the listener with sensory details to create a picture in their head.\\nDon’t repeat yourself in your verses. Your chorus should provide your song with enough repetition.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Create an outline for your song.\", \"描述\": \"This step is entirely optional, but some lyricists prefer to start with an outline. To create an outline, map out the structure of your song on notebook paper. This method is a good idea if you have no control or input over the music that you’re writing lyrics for, since it’ll be your job to match the lyrics to the music.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Revise and edit your lyrics to make sure they fit.\", \"描述\": \"After you’ve completed your draft, reread and recite your lyrics. If they make sense, work well together, and sound pleasing to you, then you’re done! But the odds are good that you’ll want to go back in and change things to make your song more fluid.\\nShow your lyrics to a friend or colleague if you don’t know what to change. Another set of eyes may catch something that you missed.\\nFocus on bigger problems at first. It may be possible that you need to rewrite an entire verse! Start there before focusing on the little things.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Choose a catchy or meaningful title for your song.\", \"描述\": \"A good title is both informative and memorable. A strong title indicates what your song is about and should be short enough for your listener to memorize. If you’re having trouble coming up with a good title, try using the first line of the song or the most repeated phrase of the chorus.\\nA lot of songwriters title their songs after any repeated phrases or lyrics so that the listening audience will be able to remember the title easily.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Improving Your Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with songwriting and word processing software.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to know the tools of your trade if you’re going to be a marketable lyricist. Consider taking a course at a local community college or audio engineering academy to learn the common songwriting programs and word processing software. You’ll need to know how to talk about these programs when discussing possible job requirements or receiving feedback.\\nAudio recording software is used to engineer, record, and master music. Since you’ll be writing the lyrics that go into the songs that end up getting recorded (or recording them yourself), you’ll want to be familiar with how these programs work.\\nThe most popular digital audio workspaces (or DAWs) are Logic Pro, Pro Tools, Ableton, and Cubase. Having at least a preliminary understanding of these audio tools could really help land you a job.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Solicit feedback on your work to improve your writing.\", \"描述\": \"Getting feedback from others is an excellent way to sharpen your skills as a lyricist. Criticism gives you crucial insight into what you need to improve upon or change in your writing. Feedback is going to be a big part of your songwriting contracts anyway, and getting in the practice of sharing your work with others is essential.\\nDon’t take negative criticism to heart. If there’s something that you can improve upon, you should want to know about it!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attend workshops to improve your process.\", \"描述\": \"Writing workshops are small communities or classes where writers share their work with one another. The goal is to hear as many critiques as possible in order to make your writing as effective as it can be. Search online or ask artists in your area about local workshops.\\nThere are also plenty of online communities that engage in workshops. If you don’t have any established writing workshops near you, consider joining one online.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Study the great lyricists in your genre to see what they do.\", \"描述\": \"Every genre of music has classic artists. If you want to write a great pop song, you should probably see how established and beloved artists did it first. Seek out famous writers and songs and figure out what made them great by looking at their lyrics directly. Take notes on clever uses of grammar or sentence structure, and pay attention to how great lyricists rhyme unconventional words together.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Collaborate with other writers to improve your songs.\", \"描述\": \"Many aspiring writers believe that the writing process is solitary and done in isolation. This couldn’t be further from the truth. Lyricists almost always work with others, and getting the necessary practice will be essential to improving your skills. Seek out other writers to work with, and ask how they’d improve or change your lyrics.\\nYou don’t have to collaborate in person. There are a lot of online forums and message boards where aspiring writers look at each other’s work and collaborate.\\nBe open to suggestions and don’t fight over ideas when working with others. Songwriting can be a deeply personal process, but it’s not worth ruining a relationship!\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,502 |
How to Become a Machine Learning Engineer
|
1. Learning the Skills
1-1. Learn to code
To become a machine learning engineer, you’ll need to know how to read, create, and edit computer code. Python is currently the most popular language for machine learning applications, but a significant amount of engineers use script formats like R, C, C++, Java, and JavaScript instead.
Try learning multiple languages to make yourself a more appealing job candidate.
1-2. Work through online data exploration courses.
Before you learn skills specific to machine learning, it’s important to have a solid foundation in data analysis. This includes subjects like statistics, which will help you understand data sets, and feature engineering, which will help you make data-based algorithms. Some high-quality online courses related to these subjects include:
Intro to Descriptive Statistics from Udacity, which will teach you how to communicate information about data sets.
Intro to Inferential Statistics from Udacity, which will teach you how to understand and analyze data sets.
Getting and Cleaning Data from Johns Hopkins University, which will teach you how to obtain and optimize data sets.
Feature Engineering for Machine Learning from Udemy, which will teach you how to process and manipulate data variables.
1-3. Complete online courses related to machine learning.
Once you know how to code and understand the foundational principles behind data exploration, start digging into the world of machine learning. This includes subjects like creating algorithms, implementing neural networks, and designing machine learning systems. As a starting point, look into online courses like:
Machine Learning from Stanford, an introductory class focused on breaking down complex concepts related to the field.
Learning from Data from Caltech, an introductory class focused on mathematical theory and algorithmic application.
Practical Machine Learning from Johns Hopkins University, a class focused on data prediction.
Deep Learning Specialization from Coursera, a class focused on creating neural networks.
1-4. Earn a relevant certification or degree to help you land a job.
In engineering, many people get high-quality jobs without a formal education. However, accreditations will make you a more valuable job candidate and, in some cases, will be the only way to fulfill a company’s job requirements. To boost your chances of landing a machine learning position, work toward things like:
Online Nanodegrees in computer science, engineering, and machine learning.
A Certificate in Machine Learning from the University of Washington.
An Artificial Intelligence Graduate Certificate from Stanford.
A Certification of Professional Achievement in Data Science from Columbia University.
A CSCI E-81 Machine Learning and Data Mining certification from Harvard.
A traditional undergraduate or graduate degree in computer science or engineering.
2. Gaining Experience
2-1. Work on personal machine learning projects.
When you’re first starting out, try examining and recreating basic projects provided by Scikit-learn, Awesome Machine Learning, PredictionIO, and similar resources. Once you have a solid grasp on how machine learning works in practice, try coming up with your own projects that you can share online or list on a resume.
So you don’t have to spend time collecting data, try using publicly available data sets from places like the UCI Machine Learning Repository and Quandl.
If you can’t come up with a project idea, look for inspiration on websites like GitHub.
2-2. Participate in Kaggle knowledge competitions.
Kaggle is a dataset database that hosts a variety of machine learning challenges. Some of these are official competitions, which offer monetary prizes, and some are free competitions that simply provide experience.
To start out, try completing the beginner competition Titanic: Machine Learning from Disaster.
2-3. Apply for a machine learning internship.
While personal projects and competitions are fun and look great on a resume, they may not teach you the business-specific machine learning skills required by many companies. So you can gain this experience, look for internships or entry-level jobs related to product-focused machine learning.
Look for relevant internships on websites like Internships.com.
3. Acquiring a Machine Learning Job
3-1. Look for machine learning jobs online.
You can find current job openings on classified websites like ZipRecruiter, Glassdoor, and Indeed. Though many companies use the position title Machine Learning Engineer, some may use alternate titles like:
Data Scientist
AI Engineer
Big Data Engineer
Deep Learning Engineer.
3-2. Write a resume that highlights your machine learning skills.
When creating a resume for a machine learning position, focus on things relevant to the field such as your professional experience and educational accreditations. For any previous jobs, make sure to list specific things you accomplished related to machine learning.
If you completed any job-relevant personal projects, feel free to list them on your resume using short, sentence-long descriptions. If possible, include a link to the project so the company can see it.
3-3. Create a personalized cover letter for each position you apply to.
On every cover letter, list your job qualifications, education, and relevant experience. To personalize your letters, include a unique sentence or 2 in each about what you’ll bring to the company you’re applying to.
Your cover letters should be no more than 3 paragraphs long.
3-4. Submit
To apply for an engineering position, fill out the official job application provided by the organization in question. Then, submit the application using whatever method they require. Don’t forget to attach your resume, cover letter, and any other requested documents!
Since machine learning positions are tech-based, expect to fill out most of your applications electronically.
Before submitting your application, check it thoroughly for any spelling or grammar mistakes.
4. Working as a Machine Learning Engineer
4-1. Create and run machine learning experiments.
As a machine learning engineer, you’ll be tasked with solving specific problems using your employer’s internal data. To do this, you’ll need to come up with and test out various experimental algorithms that yield results relevant to the task at hand.
4-2. Build and implement machine learning systems.
Once you come up with a good algorithm, you’ll have to create a machine learning system that can run it automatically. Depending on the task at hand, your algorithm may operate on its own or it may interact with the organization’s existing digital systems.
4-3. Ensure the data pipelines run smoothly.
In addition to the more creative aspects of machine learning, you’ll have to manage the infrastructure that makes your engineering operations possible. It will be your job to ensure that data gets from 1 point to another without running into any trouble.
4-4. Participate in educational programs to earn promotions.
Once you’ve established yourself with a company, you may reach a pay ceiling based on your current education level. To gain additional raises and promotions, you may have to get a machine learning certification, earn a degree, or participate in specialty courses.
Some companies will fund your additional education, though others will require you to pay out of pocket for it.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:09",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning the Skills\\n1-1. Learn to code\\nTo become a machine learning engineer, you’ll need to know how to read, create, and edit computer code. Python is currently the most popular language for machine learning applications, but a significant amount of engineers use script formats like R, C, C++, Java, and JavaScript instead.\\nTry learning multiple languages to make yourself a more appealing job candidate.\\n1-2. Work through online data exploration courses.\\nBefore you learn skills specific to machine learning, it’s important to have a solid foundation in data analysis. This includes subjects like statistics, which will help you understand data sets, and feature engineering, which will help you make data-based algorithms. Some high-quality online courses related to these subjects include:\\n\\nIntro to Descriptive Statistics from Udacity, which will teach you how to communicate information about data sets.\\nIntro to Inferential Statistics from Udacity, which will teach you how to understand and analyze data sets.\\nGetting and Cleaning Data from Johns Hopkins University, which will teach you how to obtain and optimize data sets.\\nFeature Engineering for Machine Learning from Udemy, which will teach you how to process and manipulate data variables.\\n1-3. Complete online courses related to machine learning.\\nOnce you know how to code and understand the foundational principles behind data exploration, start digging into the world of machine learning. This includes subjects like creating algorithms, implementing neural networks, and designing machine learning systems. As a starting point, look into online courses like:\\n\\nMachine Learning from Stanford, an introductory class focused on breaking down complex concepts related to the field.\\nLearning from Data from Caltech, an introductory class focused on mathematical theory and algorithmic application.\\nPractical Machine Learning from Johns Hopkins University, a class focused on data prediction.\\nDeep Learning Specialization from Coursera, a class focused on creating neural networks.\\n1-4. Earn a relevant certification or degree to help you land a job.\\nIn engineering, many people get high-quality jobs without a formal education. However, accreditations will make you a more valuable job candidate and, in some cases, will be the only way to fulfill a company’s job requirements. To boost your chances of landing a machine learning position, work toward things like:\\nOnline Nanodegrees in computer science, engineering, and machine learning.\\nA Certificate in Machine Learning from the University of Washington.\\nAn Artificial Intelligence Graduate Certificate from Stanford.\\nA Certification of Professional Achievement in Data Science from Columbia University.\\nA CSCI E-81 Machine Learning and Data Mining certification from Harvard.\\nA traditional undergraduate or graduate degree in computer science or engineering.\\n2. Gaining Experience\\n2-1. Work on personal machine learning projects.\\nWhen you’re first starting out, try examining and recreating basic projects provided by Scikit-learn, Awesome Machine Learning, PredictionIO, and similar resources. Once you have a solid grasp on how machine learning works in practice, try coming up with your own projects that you can share online or list on a resume.\\nSo you don’t have to spend time collecting data, try using publicly available data sets from places like the UCI Machine Learning Repository and Quandl.\\nIf you can’t come up with a project idea, look for inspiration on websites like GitHub.\\n2-2. Participate in Kaggle knowledge competitions.\\nKaggle is a dataset database that hosts a variety of machine learning challenges. Some of these are official competitions, which offer monetary prizes, and some are free competitions that simply provide experience.\\nTo start out, try completing the beginner competition Titanic: Machine Learning from Disaster.\\n2-3. Apply for a machine learning internship.\\nWhile personal projects and competitions are fun and look great on a resume, they may not teach you the business-specific machine learning skills required by many companies. So you can gain this experience, look for internships or entry-level jobs related to product-focused machine learning.\\nLook for relevant internships on websites like Internships.com.\\n3. Acquiring a Machine Learning Job\\n3-1. Look for machine learning jobs online.\\nYou can find current job openings on classified websites like ZipRecruiter, Glassdoor, and Indeed. Though many companies use the position title Machine Learning Engineer, some may use alternate titles like:\\nData Scientist\\nAI Engineer\\nBig Data Engineer\\nDeep Learning Engineer.\\n3-2. Write a resume that highlights your machine learning skills.\\nWhen creating a resume for a machine learning position, focus on things relevant to the field such as your professional experience and educational accreditations. For any previous jobs, make sure to list specific things you accomplished related to machine learning.\\nIf you completed any job-relevant personal projects, feel free to list them on your resume using short, sentence-long descriptions. If possible, include a link to the project so the company can see it.\\n3-3. Create a personalized cover letter for each position you apply to.\\nOn every cover letter, list your job qualifications, education, and relevant experience. To personalize your letters, include a unique sentence or 2 in each about what you’ll bring to the company you’re applying to.\\nYour cover letters should be no more than 3 paragraphs long.\\n3-4. Submit\\nTo apply for an engineering position, fill out the official job application provided by the organization in question. Then, submit the application using whatever method they require. Don’t forget to attach your resume, cover letter, and any other requested documents!\\nSince machine learning positions are tech-based, expect to fill out most of your applications electronically.\\nBefore submitting your application, check it thoroughly for any spelling or grammar mistakes.\\n4. Working as a Machine Learning Engineer\\n4-1. Create and run machine learning experiments.\\nAs a machine learning engineer, you’ll be tasked with solving specific problems using your employer’s internal data. To do this, you’ll need to come up with and test out various experimental algorithms that yield results relevant to the task at hand.\\n4-2. Build and implement machine learning systems.\\nOnce you come up with a good algorithm, you’ll have to create a machine learning system that can run it automatically. Depending on the task at hand, your algorithm may operate on its own or it may interact with the organization’s existing digital systems.\\n4-3. Ensure the data pipelines run smoothly.\\nIn addition to the more creative aspects of machine learning, you’ll have to manage the infrastructure that makes your engineering operations possible. It will be your job to ensure that data gets from 1 point to another without running into any trouble.\\n4-4. Participate in educational programs to earn promotions.\\nOnce you’ve established yourself with a company, you may reach a pay ceiling based on your current education level. To gain additional raises and promotions, you may have to get a machine learning certification, earn a degree, or participate in specialty courses.\\nSome companies will fund your additional education, though others will require you to pay out of pocket for it.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Machine learning engineering is a relatively new field that combines software engineering with data exploration. Though there is no single, established path to becoming a machine learning engineer, there are several steps you can take to better understand the subject and increase your chances of landing a job in the field.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning the Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn to code\", \"描述\": \"To become a machine learning engineer, you’ll need to know how to read, create, and edit computer code. Python is currently the most popular language for machine learning applications, but a significant amount of engineers use script formats like R, C, C++, Java, and JavaScript instead.\\nTry learning multiple languages to make yourself a more appealing job candidate.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work through online data exploration courses.\", \"描述\": \"Before you learn skills specific to machine learning, it’s important to have a solid foundation in data analysis. This includes subjects like statistics, which will help you understand data sets, and feature engineering, which will help you make data-based algorithms. Some high-quality online courses related to these subjects include:\\n\\nIntro to Descriptive Statistics from Udacity, which will teach you how to communicate information about data sets.\\nIntro to Inferential Statistics from Udacity, which will teach you how to understand and analyze data sets.\\nGetting and Cleaning Data from Johns Hopkins University, which will teach you how to obtain and optimize data sets.\\nFeature Engineering for Machine Learning from Udemy, which will teach you how to process and manipulate data variables.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete online courses related to machine learning.\", \"描述\": \"Once you know how to code and understand the foundational principles behind data exploration, start digging into the world of machine learning. This includes subjects like creating algorithms, implementing neural networks, and designing machine learning systems. As a starting point, look into online courses like:\\n\\nMachine Learning from Stanford, an introductory class focused on breaking down complex concepts related to the field.\\nLearning from Data from Caltech, an introductory class focused on mathematical theory and algorithmic application.\\nPractical Machine Learning from Johns Hopkins University, a class focused on data prediction.\\nDeep Learning Specialization from Coursera, a class focused on creating neural networks.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Earn a relevant certification or degree to help you land a job.\", \"描述\": \"In engineering, many people get high-quality jobs without a formal education. However, accreditations will make you a more valuable job candidate and, in some cases, will be the only way to fulfill a company’s job requirements. To boost your chances of landing a machine learning position, work toward things like:\\nOnline Nanodegrees in computer science, engineering, and machine learning.\\nA Certificate in Machine Learning from the University of Washington.\\nAn Artificial Intelligence Graduate Certificate from Stanford.\\nA Certification of Professional Achievement in Data Science from Columbia University.\\nA CSCI E-81 Machine Learning and Data Mining certification from Harvard.\\nA traditional undergraduate or graduate degree in computer science or engineering.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work on personal machine learning projects.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re first starting out, try examining and recreating basic projects provided by Scikit-learn, Awesome Machine Learning, PredictionIO, and similar resources. Once you have a solid grasp on how machine learning works in practice, try coming up with your own projects that you can share online or list on a resume.\\nSo you don’t have to spend time collecting data, try using publicly available data sets from places like the UCI Machine Learning Repository and Quandl.\\nIf you can’t come up with a project idea, look for inspiration on websites like GitHub.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Participate in Kaggle knowledge competitions.\", \"描述\": \"Kaggle is a dataset database that hosts a variety of machine learning challenges. Some of these are official competitions, which offer monetary prizes, and some are free competitions that simply provide experience.\\nTo start out, try completing the beginner competition Titanic: Machine Learning from Disaster.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for a machine learning internship.\", \"描述\": \"While personal projects and competitions are fun and look great on a resume, they may not teach you the business-specific machine learning skills required by many companies. So you can gain this experience, look for internships or entry-level jobs related to product-focused machine learning.\\nLook for relevant internships on websites like Internships.com.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Acquiring a Machine Learning Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for machine learning jobs online.\", \"描述\": \"You can find current job openings on classified websites like ZipRecruiter, Glassdoor, and Indeed. Though many companies use the position title Machine Learning Engineer, some may use alternate titles like:\\nData Scientist\\nAI Engineer\\nBig Data Engineer\\nDeep Learning Engineer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write a resume that highlights your machine learning skills.\", \"描述\": \"When creating a resume for a machine learning position, focus on things relevant to the field such as your professional experience and educational accreditations. For any previous jobs, make sure to list specific things you accomplished related to machine learning.\\nIf you completed any job-relevant personal projects, feel free to list them on your resume using short, sentence-long descriptions. If possible, include a link to the project so the company can see it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Create a personalized cover letter for each position you apply to.\", \"描述\": \"On every cover letter, list your job qualifications, education, and relevant experience. To personalize your letters, include a unique sentence or 2 in each about what you’ll bring to the company you’re applying to.\\nYour cover letters should be no more than 3 paragraphs long.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Submit\", \"描述\": \"To apply for an engineering position, fill out the official job application provided by the organization in question. Then, submit the application using whatever method they require. Don’t forget to attach your resume, cover letter, and any other requested documents!\\nSince machine learning positions are tech-based, expect to fill out most of your applications electronically.\\nBefore submitting your application, check it thoroughly for any spelling or grammar mistakes.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Working as a Machine Learning Engineer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create and run machine learning experiments.\", \"描述\": \"As a machine learning engineer, you’ll be tasked with solving specific problems using your employer’s internal data. To do this, you’ll need to come up with and test out various experimental algorithms that yield results relevant to the task at hand.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Build and implement machine learning systems.\", \"描述\": \"Once you come up with a good algorithm, you’ll have to create a machine learning system that can run it automatically. Depending on the task at hand, your algorithm may operate on its own or it may interact with the organization’s existing digital systems.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ensure the data pipelines run smoothly.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to the more creative aspects of machine learning, you’ll have to manage the infrastructure that makes your engineering operations possible. It will be your job to ensure that data gets from 1 point to another without running into any trouble.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Participate in educational programs to earn promotions.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve established yourself with a company, you may reach a pay ceiling based on your current education level. To gain additional raises and promotions, you may have to get a machine learning certification, earn a degree, or participate in specialty courses.\\nSome companies will fund your additional education, though others will require you to pay out of pocket for it.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,503 |
How to Become a Magician
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1. Learning About Magic and Magicians
1-1. Learn some basic magic tricks.
There are tricks out there for all levels of magicians. Simple sleight of hand tricks and card tricks are a great place for younger magicians to begin! If you’re enjoying the tricks from the linked article, learn more fundamentals like the back palm vanish, card rise, or coin knuckle roll. Some of these tricks may require some preparation before performing for an audience. For others, you may want to ask a friend to assist you with the trick.
While all magicians know sleight of hand, not all of them specialize in these close-up tricks. You can also look into niche fields of magic, including:
Club magic: working in front of medium audiences in a local magic club.
Stage magic: working in front of large audiences in a large auditorium or performance venue.
Escape tricks: escaping from handcuffs, strait jackets, or heavy chains in front of an audience.
Mentalism: talking with audience members and performing tricks of clairvoyance or telepathy.
1-2. Watch other magicians perform.
Masters of the art know what an audience wants to see, so pay attention to what types of tricks and what styles modern magicians use. See which magicians appeal to you the most, and try to think about what about their style and approach to the audience appeals to you. You can watch contemporary magicians or even watch videos of some famous magicians to see how they master their art. Here are some magicians you may want to observe carefully:
David Copperfield
Tommy Wonder
Lisa Menna
Sue-Anne Webster
Doug Henning
Penn & Teller
Harry Houdini
S.H. Sharpe
Criss Angel
Lance Burton
David Blaine
Shin Lim
1-3. Read magic books and biographies of magicians.
Most magicians started off by going to the library and checking out books about magic and reading them from cover to cover. This can help you have an understanding of the discipline that is truly required to be a magician. Reading and researching will also help you develop skills in private rather than making mistakes in front of an audience Check out books like:
The Tarbell Course in Magic Volumes 1-8, by Harlan Tarbell and Ralph Reed
Books of Wonder, by Tommy Wonder
Strong Magic, by Darwin Ortiz
Drawing Room Conjuring, by Professor Hoffman
The Fitzkee Trilogy, by Dariel Fitzkee
Mark Wilson Complete Course in Magic, by Mark Wilson
The Amateur Magician’s Handbook, by Henry Hay
1-4. Stream magic videos online.
Though you should still use books to learn about being a magician, online streaming videos or video downloads can also help you hone your craft. There are thousands of them out there and you have to make sure that you’re watching a video from a reputable magician and that you’re not paying for a cheap video with tricks that are too easy.
If the videos are made by a knowledgeable, reputable magician, they will feature a variety of tricks which the magician effectively explains. Avoid videos that offer poor explanation, that only present information on very simple tricks, or are made by a clearly incompetent magician.
1-5. Get in touch with other magicians via an online forum.
Online communities of amateur and professional magicians can provide useful, practical information to budding magicians. Helpful forums for curious individuals interested in becoming a magician include the Theory11 forum (https://www.theory11.com/forums/cat/magic-forum/), The Magician’s Forum (https://www.themagiciansforum.com/), and The Magic Café (https://www.themagiccafe.com/forums/index.php). Once you find a forum you’d like to participate in, introduce yourself and say something like:
“I’m interested in learning how to perform magic tricks for my family and friends. What beginner tricks would you recommend, and what sort of equipment would I need for these.”
“Hi! I’m starting to learn about performing magic; what’s a great place near [your city] to see magic acts?”
2. Developing Your Abilities and Tricks
2-1. Ask a magician to mentor you.
Once you’ve gained some skills, reach out to a local professional magician and ask if you can be an apprentice and receive some helpful feedback. You’d be surprised by how helpful many professional magicians can be, remembering when they were starting out. You just have to be receptive to feedback and be ready to take some criticism that can improve your craft.
A local magician that you can talk to in person will be more useful than an online mentorship. Attend local magic shows, and approach one of the more experienced magicians.
Say something like, “I enjoyed your magic act, and I’m trying to become a magician myself. I’d love to show you some tricks I’ve been working on, and to get your feedback on how I can improve.”
The magician might not show you any tricks, but they could give you tips on how to perform your first tricks like a pro. If you don’t have this advantage, try to learn from your mistakes as much as possible.
2-2. Be original in your tricks and performance style.
Once you’ve mastered the basic tricks and have gained your footing as a magician, then it’s time to be your own kind of magician. You can’t just rely on the tricks of others if you really want to succeed. Of course, you should have some (at least 6 or 8) old and famous magic tricks in your act, such as the cup and balls magic trick.
No one wants to see an unoriginal magic act being performed over and over.
2-3. Innovate new tricks or trick combinations.
Think of an idea that has never been done before. For example, make strings disappear from a guitar. Then, decide how you will accomplish the effect. Now, think of a way to make the trick convincing. Once you’ve got all the parts planned out, start practicing the trick.
The public may enjoy some old classics, but you should avoid certain cliché tricks, like pulling a rabbit out of a hat. (Instead, make it appear in a box!)
As a more advanced technique, try to merge several tricks together to create a new effect. For example, after you turn a ball into a tissue, make a coin appear out of the tissue; then, make the coin go through your hand.
2-4. Develop a unique style of performing.
Don’t steal or explicitly imitate the style of other magicians. You may take a deceased magician’s style and put a unique twist on it, but never take a modern magician’s style. It’s better to have unique style and perform previously performed tricks, rather than take someone else’s style and perform your own tricks.
2-5. Take acting classes at a local community theater.
These will help you to gain theater experience, especially if you work with a good director. Magic is theater and a magician is a performer. You don’t have to go to acting school, but if you’re shy in front of a crowd or just want to feel more comfortable in front of a crowd, then take an acting class or two to step up your game.
Group acting lessons are commonly provided by local community theater groups. Look for flyers around where you live, or search online. Look for something like “community theater beginning acting lessons.”
Small-scale group classes are typically inexpensive, and sometimes may be free.
2-6. Improve the flexibility of your arms, fingers, and hands.
It’s crucial for magicians to have dexterous, quick fingers. Start with coin manipulation. It’s easiest to master, but it is still challenging. Learn how to palm the coin on your hand. Find a spot in your palm where the coin will stick the most even if you open/close your hand, or turn it upside down. Then, learn some simple illusions with coins.
For example, pretend to put a coin in your left hand when really it’s still located in the right hand.
After mastering coin manipulation, you can move on to ball manipulation and, finally, card manipulation.
2-7. Keep your sleights up to date.
Check out what other magicians in your field are up to by going to local shows. Talk to your magician friends to see what they’ve been working on. Don’t do the same old thing one year after the next or people will start to think of your magic act as outdated, repetitive, or dull.
3. Handling the Logistics of a Magic Show
3-1. Organize every detail of your magic show.
Before performing a show, be sure to rehearse it many times. Rehearsal will help you perform more confidently. Ask your family and friends if you can run through your entire magic show in front of them. Memorize the tricks you’ll perform and the sequence in which they’ll occur, so that you won’t pause or seem confused between tricks.
Have a dress rehearsal in the performance space, especially if you’re using any equipment in your show.
3-2. Wear a costume that fits the style of your act.
Your costume should provide plenty of room for storing cards, coins, rabbits, and other equipment. A traditional costume for magician is a black jacket, a red formal vest that goes under it, and a pair of black pants that go with the jacket. The jacket should have many little pockets on its inside for storage of secret coins, cards, balls, etc.
Remember that comfort is also important when you make your costume. If you’re feeling itchy or stifled in a costume, then it doesn’t matter if you look incredible.
In a traditional costume, the vest should have big pockets on the inside so you can make big objects, such as plates, disappear/appear.
Also consider using the same basic outline of the costume to create a more modern one.
3-3. Develop some artistic talent and sense of humor.
Try to narrate or tell a story with your tricks. Be humorous, charming, and funny. If your magic act is boring, no one would want to watch it. Remember to tell some jokes every once in a while that relate to the trick.
Even if you want your act to have a serious, mysterious tone, you still need to develop people skills so you can intrigue an audience.
For example, tease audience members that they’ll be amazed by the trick you’re about to perform. Hype up your own trick before you perform it.
3-4. Keep up a banter with your audience.
Being a good magician means more than wowing your audience with one trick after another. You need to know how to charm the crowd while you’re performing the tricks. If you want to mesmerize your audience, then you have to be able to captivate them, keep them interested, and even distract them when you’re in the middle of a difficult trick.
Say something like, “These people in the front are going to fall out of their chairs when they see what I do next!”
3-5. Learn how to read the audience.
Working the audience is a big part of being a great magician. Watch how your audience responds to your tricks, and adjust your performance style accordingly. Is the crowd overly enthusiastic and up for anything? Too critical or bored? A bit tipsy? Know the mood of your crowd and tailor your tricks to better please viewers.
This will require some improvisation. You may see that your opening trick is wrong for the audience you have and will have to switch things up at the last minute.
If your crowd is enthusiastic and supportive, you could try some bold, crowd-pleasing tricks. If they’re bored or unimpressed, take your act back to the basics and show that you can perform simple ticks effectively.
A tipsy audience can be tricky—don’t encourage them to heckle, but have fun with the audience and engage in some banter.
4. Getting Work as a Magician
4-1. Start performing for friends and acquaintances.
When you’re just starting out, don’t expect to work a corporate event with 500 people. You’ll have to start with the people you know, such as your friends, family, or acquaintances. Performing in front of a smaller, more intimate audience will make you more comfortable when it’s time to get in front of crowds of strangers.
It can take time to build up enough skills to get work this way. Make sure that you’re really ready when you start performing for an audience and you’ll raise your chances of getting noticed.
4-2. Take your act to the streets.
Some magicians like to work as street performers and to try their tricks out in front of random crowds. Your only pay will be whatever people throw into your magician’s hat, and you may be faced with some tough audiences. However, this is a great way to build up nerves of steel and to get more comfortable in front of anything an audience throws your way.
If you choose to go this route, then make sure you’re not taking over another magician or street performer’s location. People are pretty touchy about their territory and you don’t want to get into a conflict.
Also make sure that you’re legally allowed to perform in the area that you choose to set up in.
4-3. Market yourself in your local community.
If you really want to build up a reputation as a magician, then you have to market yourself. Make a professional-looking business card, take your career to social media, and make a professional-looking website. This will help people learn more about you when they’re looking to hire a magician for an event.
Give out your business card as often as you can.
Stop by local magic shops and ask if they need anyone to perform or if you can leave your business card with them.
4-4. Work small gigs at first.
As you build a following, you can start working at real gigs: kids’ birthday parties, hospitals, churches, adult birthday parties, or really anything you can get your hands on. This will be a great way of cutting your teeth in the world of magic and getting a sense of what kind of audience you really want to perform for and what audiences you like best.
This can help you discover what kind of a magician you want to be. For example, maybe you’ll see that you like exclusively performing for adults or only children. Be prepared to do this for a while. It can take years to rise above this level.
Find small gigs by, for example, performing at a comedy and magic open mic. Ask around in the audience after the show to see if any of the patrons would be interested in hiring you to perform magic.
After the open mic, you can also talk to visiting professional magicians and ask if they know of any upcoming gigs.
4-5. Network with other professional magicians.
Once you’ve been around a while, you’ll start to attend events for magicians and will work bigger gigs. You’ll hopefully already have some contacts in the magic world from your previous gigs and from when you asked professionals for help. Continue to attend as many events as you can and promote yourself. The more contacts you make, the more likely you’ll be to find work.
If you make networking a priority, then you’ll be more likely to meet a manager or an agent.
4-6. Join a magic club.
If you want to be a masterful magician and to be in touch with magicians in your area and worldwide, then you should join a magic club so you can see what the latest magicians are working on and continue to hone your craft.
Some of the most reputable clubs include The International Brotherhood of Magicians and The Society of American Magicians. You can also join the online club, The Magic Classroom.
You can enroll the join these clubs online, although magic clubs typically require a fee. For example, it costs $65 USD annually to join The Society of American Magicians.
4-7. Get a manager or an agent.
An agent or a manger can be the key to a magician’s success. If you want to really make it as a magician, then you may need a manager who will help you find more work, promote you, and keep the work coming. You can continue to work independently, but these people can be valuable for your career.
An agent can be useful in this regard too, but they may get up to 15-20% of the commission for the gigs that they can find you.
4-8. Perform as a magician as your full-time job.
If you’ve marketed yourself and have worked enough gigs, then you may have been lucky enough to make magic a full-time job. Still, if you have made it to the big leagues, then here are some of the events you may work:
Corporate functions
Country clubs
Upscale charity fundraisers
High end private events, such as anniversaries, elegant children’s parties, or holiday parties.
Tips
Don’t be embarrassed if you mess up in front of your public. If you can’t fix the act without anyone noticing, just play along with the audience. Laugh with the crowd as if the trick was planned to be unsuccessful, then move on to the next trick without making any comments on the last one.
Make your own stage equipment to save on costs. If you can’t produce your own equipment, ask some of your friends to do it for you, or go to a magic store or website and buy the equipment.
Speak clearly when performing your show. Try talking with a pencil in your teeth to help enunciate your words more. You might also consider using a mic so people can hear you better. Lapel mics are great and they free up both hands.
Warnings
Never explain the secret of the trick to anyone just to show off your magic skills. This is exposure and harms other magicians’ careers.
Never perform a magic trick twice in a row, no matter how much the audience begs you.
Never argue with the audience. If someone makes a negative comment (for example, “I think I saw an extra penny behind your back!”), don’t be distracted. Just ignore the comment and continue the trick. Be humorous and only answer public’s questions/comments (if necessary) after you’re done with your trick.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:10",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Learning About Magic and Magicians\\n1-1. Learn some basic magic tricks.\\nThere are tricks out there for all levels of magicians. Simple sleight of hand tricks and card tricks are a great place for younger magicians to begin! If you’re enjoying the tricks from the linked article, learn more fundamentals like the back palm vanish, card rise, or coin knuckle roll. Some of these tricks may require some preparation before performing for an audience. For others, you may want to ask a friend to assist you with the trick.\\nWhile all magicians know sleight of hand, not all of them specialize in these close-up tricks. You can also look into niche fields of magic, including:\\nClub magic: working in front of medium audiences in a local magic club.\\nStage magic: working in front of large audiences in a large auditorium or performance venue.\\nEscape tricks: escaping from handcuffs, strait jackets, or heavy chains in front of an audience.\\nMentalism: talking with audience members and performing tricks of clairvoyance or telepathy.\\n1-2. Watch other magicians perform.\\nMasters of the art know what an audience wants to see, so pay attention to what types of tricks and what styles modern magicians use. See which magicians appeal to you the most, and try to think about what about their style and approach to the audience appeals to you. You can watch contemporary magicians or even watch videos of some famous magicians to see how they master their art. Here are some magicians you may want to observe carefully:\\nDavid Copperfield\\nTommy Wonder\\nLisa Menna\\nSue-Anne Webster\\nDoug Henning\\nPenn & Teller\\nHarry Houdini\\nS.H. Sharpe\\nCriss Angel\\nLance Burton\\nDavid Blaine\\nShin Lim\\n1-3. Read magic books and biographies of magicians.\\nMost magicians started off by going to the library and checking out books about magic and reading them from cover to cover. This can help you have an understanding of the discipline that is truly required to be a magician. Reading and researching will also help you develop skills in private rather than making mistakes in front of an audience Check out books like:\\n\\nThe Tarbell Course in Magic Volumes 1-8, by Harlan Tarbell and Ralph Reed\\nBooks of Wonder, by Tommy Wonder\\nStrong Magic, by Darwin Ortiz\\nDrawing Room Conjuring, by Professor Hoffman\\nThe Fitzkee Trilogy, by Dariel Fitzkee\\nMark Wilson Complete Course in Magic, by Mark Wilson\\nThe Amateur Magician’s Handbook, by Henry Hay\\n1-4. Stream magic videos online.\\nThough you should still use books to learn about being a magician, online streaming videos or video downloads can also help you hone your craft. There are thousands of them out there and you have to make sure that you’re watching a video from a reputable magician and that you’re not paying for a cheap video with tricks that are too easy.\\nIf the videos are made by a knowledgeable, reputable magician, they will feature a variety of tricks which the magician effectively explains. Avoid videos that offer poor explanation, that only present information on very simple tricks, or are made by a clearly incompetent magician.\\n1-5. Get in touch with other magicians via an online forum.\\nOnline communities of amateur and professional magicians can provide useful, practical information to budding magicians. Helpful forums for curious individuals interested in becoming a magician include the Theory11 forum (https://www.theory11.com/forums/cat/magic-forum/), The Magician’s Forum (https://www.themagiciansforum.com/), and The Magic Café (https://www.themagiccafe.com/forums/index.php). Once you find a forum you’d like to participate in, introduce yourself and say something like:\\n“I’m interested in learning how to perform magic tricks for my family and friends. What beginner tricks would you recommend, and what sort of equipment would I need for these.”\\n“Hi! I’m starting to learn about performing magic; what’s a great place near [your city] to see magic acts?”\\n2. Developing Your Abilities and Tricks\\n2-1. Ask a magician to mentor you.\\nOnce you’ve gained some skills, reach out to a local professional magician and ask if you can be an apprentice and receive some helpful feedback. You’d be surprised by how helpful many professional magicians can be, remembering when they were starting out. You just have to be receptive to feedback and be ready to take some criticism that can improve your craft.\\nA local magician that you can talk to in person will be more useful than an online mentorship. Attend local magic shows, and approach one of the more experienced magicians.\\nSay something like, “I enjoyed your magic act, and I’m trying to become a magician myself. I’d love to show you some tricks I’ve been working on, and to get your feedback on how I can improve.”\\nThe magician might not show you any tricks, but they could give you tips on how to perform your first tricks like a pro. If you don’t have this advantage, try to learn from your mistakes as much as possible.\\n2-2. Be original in your tricks and performance style.\\nOnce you’ve mastered the basic tricks and have gained your footing as a magician, then it’s time to be your own kind of magician. You can’t just rely on the tricks of others if you really want to succeed. Of course, you should have some (at least 6 or 8) old and famous magic tricks in your act, such as the cup and balls magic trick.\\nNo one wants to see an unoriginal magic act being performed over and over.\\n2-3. Innovate new tricks or trick combinations.\\nThink of an idea that has never been done before. For example, make strings disappear from a guitar. Then, decide how you will accomplish the effect. Now, think of a way to make the trick convincing. Once you’ve got all the parts planned out, start practicing the trick.\\nThe public may enjoy some old classics, but you should avoid certain cliché tricks, like pulling a rabbit out of a hat. (Instead, make it appear in a box!)\\nAs a more advanced technique, try to merge several tricks together to create a new effect. For example, after you turn a ball into a tissue, make a coin appear out of the tissue; then, make the coin go through your hand.\\n2-4. Develop a unique style of performing.\\nDon’t steal or explicitly imitate the style of other magicians. You may take a deceased magician’s style and put a unique twist on it, but never take a modern magician’s style. It’s better to have unique style and perform previously performed tricks, rather than take someone else’s style and perform your own tricks.\\n2-5. Take acting classes at a local community theater.\\nThese will help you to gain theater experience, especially if you work with a good director. Magic is theater and a magician is a performer. You don’t have to go to acting school, but if you’re shy in front of a crowd or just want to feel more comfortable in front of a crowd, then take an acting class or two to step up your game.\\nGroup acting lessons are commonly provided by local community theater groups. Look for flyers around where you live, or search online. Look for something like “community theater beginning acting lessons.”\\nSmall-scale group classes are typically inexpensive, and sometimes may be free.\\n2-6. Improve the flexibility of your arms, fingers, and hands.\\nIt’s crucial for magicians to have dexterous, quick fingers. Start with coin manipulation. It’s easiest to master, but it is still challenging. Learn how to palm the coin on your hand. Find a spot in your palm where the coin will stick the most even if you open/close your hand, or turn it upside down. Then, learn some simple illusions with coins.\\nFor example, pretend to put a coin in your left hand when really it’s still located in the right hand.\\nAfter mastering coin manipulation, you can move on to ball manipulation and, finally, card manipulation.\\n2-7. Keep your sleights up to date.\\nCheck out what other magicians in your field are up to by going to local shows. Talk to your magician friends to see what they’ve been working on. Don’t do the same old thing one year after the next or people will start to think of your magic act as outdated, repetitive, or dull.\\n3. Handling the Logistics of a Magic Show\\n3-1. Organize every detail of your magic show.\\nBefore performing a show, be sure to rehearse it many times. Rehearsal will help you perform more confidently. Ask your family and friends if you can run through your entire magic show in front of them. Memorize the tricks you’ll perform and the sequence in which they’ll occur, so that you won’t pause or seem confused between tricks.\\nHave a dress rehearsal in the performance space, especially if you’re using any equipment in your show.\\n3-2. Wear a costume that fits the style of your act.\\nYour costume should provide plenty of room for storing cards, coins, rabbits, and other equipment. A traditional costume for magician is a black jacket, a red formal vest that goes under it, and a pair of black pants that go with the jacket. The jacket should have many little pockets on its inside for storage of secret coins, cards, balls, etc.\\nRemember that comfort is also important when you make your costume. If you’re feeling itchy or stifled in a costume, then it doesn’t matter if you look incredible.\\nIn a traditional costume, the vest should have big pockets on the inside so you can make big objects, such as plates, disappear/appear.\\nAlso consider using the same basic outline of the costume to create a more modern one.\\n3-3. Develop some artistic talent and sense of humor.\\nTry to narrate or tell a story with your tricks. Be humorous, charming, and funny. If your magic act is boring, no one would want to watch it. Remember to tell some jokes every once in a while that relate to the trick.\\nEven if you want your act to have a serious, mysterious tone, you still need to develop people skills so you can intrigue an audience.\\nFor example, tease audience members that they’ll be amazed by the trick you’re about to perform. Hype up your own trick before you perform it.\\n3-4. Keep up a banter with your audience.\\nBeing a good magician means more than wowing your audience with one trick after another. You need to know how to charm the crowd while you’re performing the tricks. If you want to mesmerize your audience, then you have to be able to captivate them, keep them interested, and even distract them when you’re in the middle of a difficult trick.\\nSay something like, “These people in the front are going to fall out of their chairs when they see what I do next!”\\n3-5. Learn how to read the audience.\\nWorking the audience is a big part of being a great magician. Watch how your audience responds to your tricks, and adjust your performance style accordingly. Is the crowd overly enthusiastic and up for anything? Too critical or bored? A bit tipsy? Know the mood of your crowd and tailor your tricks to better please viewers.\\nThis will require some improvisation. You may see that your opening trick is wrong for the audience you have and will have to switch things up at the last minute.\\nIf your crowd is enthusiastic and supportive, you could try some bold, crowd-pleasing tricks. If they’re bored or unimpressed, take your act back to the basics and show that you can perform simple ticks effectively.\\nA tipsy audience can be tricky—don’t encourage them to heckle, but have fun with the audience and engage in some banter.\\n4. Getting Work as a Magician\\n4-1. Start performing for friends and acquaintances.\\nWhen you’re just starting out, don’t expect to work a corporate event with 500 people. You’ll have to start with the people you know, such as your friends, family, or acquaintances. Performing in front of a smaller, more intimate audience will make you more comfortable when it’s time to get in front of crowds of strangers.\\nIt can take time to build up enough skills to get work this way. Make sure that you’re really ready when you start performing for an audience and you’ll raise your chances of getting noticed.\\n4-2. Take your act to the streets.\\nSome magicians like to work as street performers and to try their tricks out in front of random crowds. Your only pay will be whatever people throw into your magician’s hat, and you may be faced with some tough audiences. However, this is a great way to build up nerves of steel and to get more comfortable in front of anything an audience throws your way.\\nIf you choose to go this route, then make sure you’re not taking over another magician or street performer’s location. People are pretty touchy about their territory and you don’t want to get into a conflict.\\nAlso make sure that you’re legally allowed to perform in the area that you choose to set up in.\\n4-3. Market yourself in your local community.\\nIf you really want to build up a reputation as a magician, then you have to market yourself. Make a professional-looking business card, take your career to social media, and make a professional-looking website. This will help people learn more about you when they’re looking to hire a magician for an event.\\nGive out your business card as often as you can.\\nStop by local magic shops and ask if they need anyone to perform or if you can leave your business card with them.\\n4-4. Work small gigs at first.\\nAs you build a following, you can start working at real gigs: kids’ birthday parties, hospitals, churches, adult birthday parties, or really anything you can get your hands on. This will be a great way of cutting your teeth in the world of magic and getting a sense of what kind of audience you really want to perform for and what audiences you like best.\\nThis can help you discover what kind of a magician you want to be. For example, maybe you’ll see that you like exclusively performing for adults or only children. Be prepared to do this for a while. It can take years to rise above this level.\\nFind small gigs by, for example, performing at a comedy and magic open mic. Ask around in the audience after the show to see if any of the patrons would be interested in hiring you to perform magic.\\nAfter the open mic, you can also talk to visiting professional magicians and ask if they know of any upcoming gigs.\\n4-5. Network with other professional magicians.\\nOnce you’ve been around a while, you’ll start to attend events for magicians and will work bigger gigs. You’ll hopefully already have some contacts in the magic world from your previous gigs and from when you asked professionals for help. Continue to attend as many events as you can and promote yourself. The more contacts you make, the more likely you’ll be to find work.\\nIf you make networking a priority, then you’ll be more likely to meet a manager or an agent.\\n4-6. Join a magic club.\\nIf you want to be a masterful magician and to be in touch with magicians in your area and worldwide, then you should join a magic club so you can see what the latest magicians are working on and continue to hone your craft.\\nSome of the most reputable clubs include The International Brotherhood of Magicians and The Society of American Magicians. You can also join the online club, The Magic Classroom.\\nYou can enroll the join these clubs online, although magic clubs typically require a fee. For example, it costs $65 USD annually to join The Society of American Magicians.\\n4-7. Get a manager or an agent.\\nAn agent or a manger can be the key to a magician’s success. If you want to really make it as a magician, then you may need a manager who will help you find more work, promote you, and keep the work coming. You can continue to work independently, but these people can be valuable for your career.\\nAn agent can be useful in this regard too, but they may get up to 15-20% of the commission for the gigs that they can find you.\\n4-8. Perform as a magician as your full-time job.\\nIf you’ve marketed yourself and have worked enough gigs, then you may have been lucky enough to make magic a full-time job. Still, if you have made it to the big leagues, then here are some of the events you may work:\\nCorporate functions\\nCountry clubs\\nUpscale charity fundraisers\\nHigh end private events, such as anniversaries, elegant children’s parties, or holiday parties.\\nTips\\nDon’t be embarrassed if you mess up in front of your public. If you can’t fix the act without anyone noticing, just play along with the audience. Laugh with the crowd as if the trick was planned to be unsuccessful, then move on to the next trick without making any comments on the last one.\\nMake your own stage equipment to save on costs. If you can’t produce your own equipment, ask some of your friends to do it for you, or go to a magic store or website and buy the equipment.\\nSpeak clearly when performing your show. Try talking with a pencil in your teeth to help enunciate your words more. You might also consider using a mic so people can hear you better. Lapel mics are great and they free up both hands.\\nWarnings\\nNever explain the secret of the trick to anyone just to show off your magic skills. This is exposure and harms other magicians’ careers.\\nNever perform a magic trick twice in a row, no matter how much the audience begs you.\\nNever argue with the audience. If someone makes a negative comment (for example, “I think I saw an extra penny behind your back!”), don’t be distracted. Just ignore the comment and continue the trick. Be humorous and only answer public’s questions/comments (if necessary) after you’re done with your trick.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a magician is a fun way to impress your friends and family at parties or gatherings. If you love impressing audiences routinely, you could become a professional magician. You’ll also need to start learning simple tricks, so that you can work your way up to more complex illusions. Start by learning simple but effective tricks, including card tricks, misdirection tricks, and coin tricks.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learning About Magic and Magicians\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn some basic magic tricks.\", \"描述\": \"There are tricks out there for all levels of magicians. Simple sleight of hand tricks and card tricks are a great place for younger magicians to begin! If you’re enjoying the tricks from the linked article, learn more fundamentals like the back palm vanish, card rise, or coin knuckle roll. Some of these tricks may require some preparation before performing for an audience. For others, you may want to ask a friend to assist you with the trick.\\nWhile all magicians know sleight of hand, not all of them specialize in these close-up tricks. You can also look into niche fields of magic, including:\\nClub magic: working in front of medium audiences in a local magic club.\\nStage magic: working in front of large audiences in a large auditorium or performance venue.\\nEscape tricks: escaping from handcuffs, strait jackets, or heavy chains in front of an audience.\\nMentalism: talking with audience members and performing tricks of clairvoyance or telepathy.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Watch other magicians perform.\", \"描述\": \"Masters of the art know what an audience wants to see, so pay attention to what types of tricks and what styles modern magicians use. See which magicians appeal to you the most, and try to think about what about their style and approach to the audience appeals to you. You can watch contemporary magicians or even watch videos of some famous magicians to see how they master their art. Here are some magicians you may want to observe carefully:\\nDavid Copperfield\\nTommy Wonder\\nLisa Menna\\nSue-Anne Webster\\nDoug Henning\\nPenn & Teller\\nHarry Houdini\\nS.H. Sharpe\\nCriss Angel\\nLance Burton\\nDavid Blaine\\nShin Lim\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Read magic books and biographies of magicians.\", \"描述\": \"Most magicians started off by going to the library and checking out books about magic and reading them from cover to cover. This can help you have an understanding of the discipline that is truly required to be a magician. Reading and researching will also help you develop skills in private rather than making mistakes in front of an audience Check out books like:\\n\\nThe Tarbell Course in Magic Volumes 1-8, by Harlan Tarbell and Ralph Reed\\nBooks of Wonder, by Tommy Wonder\\nStrong Magic, by Darwin Ortiz\\nDrawing Room Conjuring, by Professor Hoffman\\nThe Fitzkee Trilogy, by Dariel Fitzkee\\nMark Wilson Complete Course in Magic, by Mark Wilson\\nThe Amateur Magician’s Handbook, by Henry Hay\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stream magic videos online.\", \"描述\": \"Though you should still use books to learn about being a magician, online streaming videos or video downloads can also help you hone your craft. There are thousands of them out there and you have to make sure that you’re watching a video from a reputable magician and that you’re not paying for a cheap video with tricks that are too easy.\\nIf the videos are made by a knowledgeable, reputable magician, they will feature a variety of tricks which the magician effectively explains. Avoid videos that offer poor explanation, that only present information on very simple tricks, or are made by a clearly incompetent magician.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get in touch with other magicians via an online forum.\", \"描述\": \"Online communities of amateur and professional magicians can provide useful, practical information to budding magicians. Helpful forums for curious individuals interested in becoming a magician include the Theory11 forum (https://www.theory11.com/forums/cat/magic-forum/), The Magician’s Forum (https://www.themagiciansforum.com/), and The Magic Café (https://www.themagiccafe.com/forums/index.php). Once you find a forum you’d like to participate in, introduce yourself and say something like:\\n“I’m interested in learning how to perform magic tricks for my family and friends. What beginner tricks would you recommend, and what sort of equipment would I need for these.”\\n“Hi! I’m starting to learn about performing magic; what’s a great place near [your city] to see magic acts?”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Developing Your Abilities and Tricks\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ask a magician to mentor you.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve gained some skills, reach out to a local professional magician and ask if you can be an apprentice and receive some helpful feedback. You’d be surprised by how helpful many professional magicians can be, remembering when they were starting out. You just have to be receptive to feedback and be ready to take some criticism that can improve your craft.\\nA local magician that you can talk to in person will be more useful than an online mentorship. Attend local magic shows, and approach one of the more experienced magicians.\\nSay something like, “I enjoyed your magic act, and I’m trying to become a magician myself. I’d love to show you some tricks I’ve been working on, and to get your feedback on how I can improve.”\\nThe magician might not show you any tricks, but they could give you tips on how to perform your first tricks like a pro. If you don’t have this advantage, try to learn from your mistakes as much as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be original in your tricks and performance style.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve mastered the basic tricks and have gained your footing as a magician, then it’s time to be your own kind of magician. You can’t just rely on the tricks of others if you really want to succeed. Of course, you should have some (at least 6 or 8) old and famous magic tricks in your act, such as the cup and balls magic trick.\\nNo one wants to see an unoriginal magic act being performed over and over.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Innovate new tricks or trick combinations.\", \"描述\": \"Think of an idea that has never been done before. For example, make strings disappear from a guitar. Then, decide how you will accomplish the effect. Now, think of a way to make the trick convincing. Once you’ve got all the parts planned out, start practicing the trick.\\nThe public may enjoy some old classics, but you should avoid certain cliché tricks, like pulling a rabbit out of a hat. (Instead, make it appear in a box!)\\nAs a more advanced technique, try to merge several tricks together to create a new effect. For example, after you turn a ball into a tissue, make a coin appear out of the tissue; then, make the coin go through your hand.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Develop a unique style of performing.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t steal or explicitly imitate the style of other magicians. You may take a deceased magician’s style and put a unique twist on it, but never take a modern magician’s style. It’s better to have unique style and perform previously performed tricks, rather than take someone else’s style and perform your own tricks.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take acting classes at a local community theater.\", \"描述\": \"These will help you to gain theater experience, especially if you work with a good director. Magic is theater and a magician is a performer. You don’t have to go to acting school, but if you’re shy in front of a crowd or just want to feel more comfortable in front of a crowd, then take an acting class or two to step up your game.\\nGroup acting lessons are commonly provided by local community theater groups. Look for flyers around where you live, or search online. Look for something like “community theater beginning acting lessons.”\\nSmall-scale group classes are typically inexpensive, and sometimes may be free.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Improve the flexibility of your arms, fingers, and hands.\", \"描述\": \"It’s crucial for magicians to have dexterous, quick fingers. Start with coin manipulation. It’s easiest to master, but it is still challenging. Learn how to palm the coin on your hand. Find a spot in your palm where the coin will stick the most even if you open/close your hand, or turn it upside down. Then, learn some simple illusions with coins.\\nFor example, pretend to put a coin in your left hand when really it’s still located in the right hand.\\nAfter mastering coin manipulation, you can move on to ball manipulation and, finally, card manipulation.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Keep your sleights up to date.\", \"描述\": \"Check out what other magicians in your field are up to by going to local shows. Talk to your magician friends to see what they’ve been working on. Don’t do the same old thing one year after the next or people will start to think of your magic act as outdated, repetitive, or dull.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Handling the Logistics of a Magic Show\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Organize every detail of your magic show.\", \"描述\": \"Before performing a show, be sure to rehearse it many times. Rehearsal will help you perform more confidently. Ask your family and friends if you can run through your entire magic show in front of them. Memorize the tricks you’ll perform and the sequence in which they’ll occur, so that you won’t pause or seem confused between tricks.\\nHave a dress rehearsal in the performance space, especially if you’re using any equipment in your show.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wear a costume that fits the style of your act.\", \"描述\": \"Your costume should provide plenty of room for storing cards, coins, rabbits, and other equipment. A traditional costume for magician is a black jacket, a red formal vest that goes under it, and a pair of black pants that go with the jacket. The jacket should have many little pockets on its inside for storage of secret coins, cards, balls, etc.\\nRemember that comfort is also important when you make your costume. If you’re feeling itchy or stifled in a costume, then it doesn’t matter if you look incredible.\\nIn a traditional costume, the vest should have big pockets on the inside so you can make big objects, such as plates, disappear/appear.\\nAlso consider using the same basic outline of the costume to create a more modern one.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Develop some artistic talent and sense of humor.\", \"描述\": \"Try to narrate or tell a story with your tricks. Be humorous, charming, and funny. If your magic act is boring, no one would want to watch it. Remember to tell some jokes every once in a while that relate to the trick.\\nEven if you want your act to have a serious, mysterious tone, you still need to develop people skills so you can intrigue an audience.\\nFor example, tease audience members that they’ll be amazed by the trick you’re about to perform. Hype up your own trick before you perform it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Keep up a banter with your audience.\", \"描述\": \"Being a good magician means more than wowing your audience with one trick after another. You need to know how to charm the crowd while you’re performing the tricks. If you want to mesmerize your audience, then you have to be able to captivate them, keep them interested, and even distract them when you’re in the middle of a difficult trick.\\nSay something like, “These people in the front are going to fall out of their chairs when they see what I do next!”\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Learn how to read the audience.\", \"描述\": \"Working the audience is a big part of being a great magician. Watch how your audience responds to your tricks, and adjust your performance style accordingly. Is the crowd overly enthusiastic and up for anything? Too critical or bored? A bit tipsy? Know the mood of your crowd and tailor your tricks to better please viewers.\\nThis will require some improvisation. You may see that your opening trick is wrong for the audience you have and will have to switch things up at the last minute.\\nIf your crowd is enthusiastic and supportive, you could try some bold, crowd-pleasing tricks. If they’re bored or unimpressed, take your act back to the basics and show that you can perform simple ticks effectively.\\nA tipsy audience can be tricky—don’t encourage them to heckle, but have fun with the audience and engage in some banter.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Getting Work as a Magician\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start performing for friends and acquaintances.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re just starting out, don’t expect to work a corporate event with 500 people. You’ll have to start with the people you know, such as your friends, family, or acquaintances. Performing in front of a smaller, more intimate audience will make you more comfortable when it’s time to get in front of crowds of strangers.\\nIt can take time to build up enough skills to get work this way. Make sure that you’re really ready when you start performing for an audience and you’ll raise your chances of getting noticed.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Take your act to the streets.\", \"描述\": \"Some magicians like to work as street performers and to try their tricks out in front of random crowds. Your only pay will be whatever people throw into your magician’s hat, and you may be faced with some tough audiences. However, this is a great way to build up nerves of steel and to get more comfortable in front of anything an audience throws your way.\\nIf you choose to go this route, then make sure you’re not taking over another magician or street performer’s location. People are pretty touchy about their territory and you don’t want to get into a conflict.\\nAlso make sure that you’re legally allowed to perform in the area that you choose to set up in.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Market yourself in your local community.\", \"描述\": \"If you really want to build up a reputation as a magician, then you have to market yourself. Make a professional-looking business card, take your career to social media, and make a professional-looking website. This will help people learn more about you when they’re looking to hire a magician for an event.\\nGive out your business card as often as you can.\\nStop by local magic shops and ask if they need anyone to perform or if you can leave your business card with them.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Work small gigs at first.\", \"描述\": \"As you build a following, you can start working at real gigs: kids’ birthday parties, hospitals, churches, adult birthday parties, or really anything you can get your hands on. This will be a great way of cutting your teeth in the world of magic and getting a sense of what kind of audience you really want to perform for and what audiences you like best.\\nThis can help you discover what kind of a magician you want to be. For example, maybe you’ll see that you like exclusively performing for adults or only children. Be prepared to do this for a while. It can take years to rise above this level.\\nFind small gigs by, for example, performing at a comedy and magic open mic. Ask around in the audience after the show to see if any of the patrons would be interested in hiring you to perform magic.\\nAfter the open mic, you can also talk to visiting professional magicians and ask if they know of any upcoming gigs.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Network with other professional magicians.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve been around a while, you’ll start to attend events for magicians and will work bigger gigs. You’ll hopefully already have some contacts in the magic world from your previous gigs and from when you asked professionals for help. Continue to attend as many events as you can and promote yourself. The more contacts you make, the more likely you’ll be to find work.\\nIf you make networking a priority, then you’ll be more likely to meet a manager or an agent.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Join a magic club.\", \"描述\": \"If you want to be a masterful magician and to be in touch with magicians in your area and worldwide, then you should join a magic club so you can see what the latest magicians are working on and continue to hone your craft.\\nSome of the most reputable clubs include The International Brotherhood of Magicians and The Society of American Magicians. You can also join the online club, The Magic Classroom.\\nYou can enroll the join these clubs online, although magic clubs typically require a fee. For example, it costs $65 USD annually to join The Society of American Magicians.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Get a manager or an agent.\", \"描述\": \"An agent or a manger can be the key to a magician’s success. If you want to really make it as a magician, then you may need a manager who will help you find more work, promote you, and keep the work coming. You can continue to work independently, but these people can be valuable for your career.\\nAn agent can be useful in this regard too, but they may get up to 15-20% of the commission for the gigs that they can find you.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Perform as a magician as your full-time job.\", \"描述\": \"If you’ve marketed yourself and have worked enough gigs, then you may have been lucky enough to make magic a full-time job. Still, if you have made it to the big leagues, then here are some of the events you may work:\\nCorporate functions\\nCountry clubs\\nUpscale charity fundraisers\\nHigh end private events, such as anniversaries, elegant children’s parties, or holiday parties.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don’t be embarrassed if you mess up in front of your public. If you can’t fix the act without anyone noticing, just play along with the audience. Laugh with the crowd as if the trick was planned to be unsuccessful, then move on to the next trick without making any comments on the last one.\\n\", \"Make your own stage equipment to save on costs. If you can’t produce your own equipment, ask some of your friends to do it for you, or go to a magic store or website and buy the equipment.\\n\", \"Speak clearly when performing your show. Try talking with a pencil in your teeth to help enunciate your words more. You might also consider using a mic so people can hear you better. Lapel mics are great and they free up both hands.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Never explain the secret of the trick to anyone just to show off your magic skills. This is exposure and harms other magicians’ careers.\\n\", \"Never perform a magic trick twice in a row, no matter how much the audience begs you.\\n\", \"Never argue with the audience. If someone makes a negative comment (for example, “I think I saw an extra penny behind your back!”), don’t be distracted. Just ignore the comment and continue the trick. Be humorous and only answer public’s questions/comments (if necessary) after you’re done with your trick.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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How to Become a Magistrate
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1. Getting the Necessary Education
1-1. Perform well in high school.
Although many students in their teenage years have not yet made career choices, if you know early that you wish to become a magistrate, then you need to begin studying hard as early as possible. Earning good grades in high school will provide more opportunities for your future. At the very least, you need a high school diploma to attend college, and you will need the college training to become a magistrate. It is never too early to perform at your best.
1-2. Get a bachelor’s degree.
The first step toward a job as a magistrate is earning your bachelor’s degree. You need to attend a respected, accredited college or university. If you know already that your focus is to land a job as a magistrate someday, then a degree in a field such as political science, history or English could be useful. You will want to build up your training in reading, writing and analysis.
Some experts caution against earning a specifically “pre-law” degree if you wish to attend law school. Admission rates to law school are higher for philosophy, economics and journalism majors than for pre-law or criminal studies majors, according to one recent study.
Whatever major you select, the best advice is to work hard and earn the highest grades you can.
1-3. Earn an advanced degree in a legal field.
In some locations, you must have a law degree to become a magistrate. In others, you could become a magistrate with only a bachelor’s degree and strong, relevant work experience. In most cases, however, some higher degree beyond a bachelor’s degree will be useful in getting hired.
As one example, in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, you can become a magistrate with a bachelor’s degree or even a two-year associate’s degree if you have four years of additional relevant work experience.
Becoming a child support magistrate in the state of Minnesota requires a law degree.
In the U.K., a magistrate does not require any particular legal training. This is a volunteer position that serves 26 half-day sessions per year, and training will be provided.
1-4. Attend law school to maximize your potential.
To enhance your chances of getting a job as a magistrate and to increase your earning potential, you may want to attend law school. In some places, the job of “magistrate” is nearly the same as being a judge. To qualify for this type of position, you must have a law degree.
To earn admission to an accredited law school, in the United States at least, you must earn high scores on the LSAT (Law School Aptitude Test). This is a standardized test that most law schools use as a predictor of success. For help preparing for the LSAT, see Score Higher on the LSAT.
2. Seeking Practical Training
2-1. Get a job in a “related field.”
A magistrate is not generally an entry level position that you can get right after earning your degree. You usually must work for a number of years before you can consider applying for a job as a magistrate at any level. The work you do should be tailored to the level and type of magistrate that you wish to become.
For one particular magistrate job in the U.S., related fields are defined to include teaching, social services, law enforcement, arbitration or mediation, the court system, or counseling.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that most people who become magistrates have worked previously as attorneys. However, they also report that related fields can include arbitrators, mediators, paralegals and private investigators.
If you wish to be a magistrate in the U.K., you are encouraged to understand documents, follow evidence, analyze problems logically, and communicate effectively. You will want to find related fields that allow you to demonstrate these skills.
2-2. Work as a lawyer.
In many cases, becoming a magistrate will require that you work for several years as a lawyer first. Some magistrate positions are specialized and will require legal experience in a particular field. Other magistrate positions are more general or administrative. For these positions, more general legal experience will suffice.
For example, the position of Child Support Magistrate in Minnesota requires that you have seven years of legal experience, particularly in the field of family law and child support law.
2-3. Understand the court system.
You will maximize your chances of being selected for the position if you are familiar with the court system in which you wish to work. You could do this by getting a lower level job in the court, say as a clerk, and working there for a few years first. Or you might visit the court regularly and observe the magistrates who work there. Court sessions are generally open to the public.
To be a magistrate in the U.K., you are required to observe court in session at least once (more is recommended) within the twelve months prior to your application.
3. Finding Available Magistrate Jobs
3-1. Use the resources at your law school.
If you are a graduate of a law school, there is undoubtedly a careers office that can assist you. These offices routinely employ counselors whose duty is to assist students and alumni in finding employment. If you know that you wish to find a job as a magistrate, speak with a counselor in this office.
For example, the Career Support Office at George Washington University Law School, in Washington, D.C., offers assistance to current students, alumni, and even prospective students.
The Harvard University Law School Office of Career Services includes an online resource that allows students and alumni to search for open job opportunities. This is a feature common to many other law schools as well.
3-2. Search official governmental job listings.
Most court systems have an administrative office that handles job openings, hiring, and personnel matters. Contact the court where you are interested in working and find out how to learn about job openings. Quite often, there will be a centralized website where you can search by job title and location.
In the U.K., you are encouraged to review the official site Gov.UK. That site contains information about the position, current or anticipate vacancies, and application information.
Within the state of Massachusetts, as another example, the official state government site Mass.gov contains a link to Massachusetts Court System jobs. From there, you can search by individual court level or by location to find magistrate jobs throughout the state.
3-3. Use Internet job search tools.
On the Internet, conduct a general search for “magistrate jobs.” You will instantly find many links to employment sites that contain relevant job listings. Some of the more commonly visited sites are Jobs.com or SimplyHired.com. Many of these sites will allow you to focus your search by desired salary, location, and job title. You can also register for notifications as new listings appear for your desired job.
Tips
This article uses the terms “college” and “university” almost interchangeably. In the United States, they both imply the same level of education. In some other countries, they may have different meanings.
As noted in the introduction, a “magistrate” in the U.K. is quite different than in the U.S. This article presents general information that will serve for most magistrate positions. You should become familiar with the legal system in the country where you wish to work and take steps that will best prepare you for that role.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:10",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting the Necessary Education\\n1-1. Perform well in high school.\\nAlthough many students in their teenage years have not yet made career choices, if you know early that you wish to become a magistrate, then you need to begin studying hard as early as possible. Earning good grades in high school will provide more opportunities for your future. At the very least, you need a high school diploma to attend college, and you will need the college training to become a magistrate. It is never too early to perform at your best.\\n1-2. Get a bachelor’s degree.\\nThe first step toward a job as a magistrate is earning your bachelor’s degree. You need to attend a respected, accredited college or university. If you know already that your focus is to land a job as a magistrate someday, then a degree in a field such as political science, history or English could be useful. You will want to build up your training in reading, writing and analysis.\\nSome experts caution against earning a specifically “pre-law” degree if you wish to attend law school. Admission rates to law school are higher for philosophy, economics and journalism majors than for pre-law or criminal studies majors, according to one recent study.\\nWhatever major you select, the best advice is to work hard and earn the highest grades you can.\\n1-3. Earn an advanced degree in a legal field.\\nIn some locations, you must have a law degree to become a magistrate. In others, you could become a magistrate with only a bachelor’s degree and strong, relevant work experience. In most cases, however, some higher degree beyond a bachelor’s degree will be useful in getting hired.\\nAs one example, in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, you can become a magistrate with a bachelor’s degree or even a two-year associate’s degree if you have four years of additional relevant work experience.\\nBecoming a child support magistrate in the state of Minnesota requires a law degree.\\nIn the U.K., a magistrate does not require any particular legal training. This is a volunteer position that serves 26 half-day sessions per year, and training will be provided.\\n1-4. Attend law school to maximize your potential.\\nTo enhance your chances of getting a job as a magistrate and to increase your earning potential, you may want to attend law school. In some places, the job of “magistrate” is nearly the same as being a judge. To qualify for this type of position, you must have a law degree.\\nTo earn admission to an accredited law school, in the United States at least, you must earn high scores on the LSAT (Law School Aptitude Test). This is a standardized test that most law schools use as a predictor of success. For help preparing for the LSAT, see Score Higher on the LSAT.\\n2. Seeking Practical Training\\n2-1. Get a job in a “related field.”\\nA magistrate is not generally an entry level position that you can get right after earning your degree. You usually must work for a number of years before you can consider applying for a job as a magistrate at any level. The work you do should be tailored to the level and type of magistrate that you wish to become.\\nFor one particular magistrate job in the U.S., related fields are defined to include teaching, social services, law enforcement, arbitration or mediation, the court system, or counseling.\\nThe U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that most people who become magistrates have worked previously as attorneys. However, they also report that related fields can include arbitrators, mediators, paralegals and private investigators.\\nIf you wish to be a magistrate in the U.K., you are encouraged to understand documents, follow evidence, analyze problems logically, and communicate effectively. You will want to find related fields that allow you to demonstrate these skills.\\n2-2. Work as a lawyer.\\nIn many cases, becoming a magistrate will require that you work for several years as a lawyer first. Some magistrate positions are specialized and will require legal experience in a particular field. Other magistrate positions are more general or administrative. For these positions, more general legal experience will suffice.\\nFor example, the position of Child Support Magistrate in Minnesota requires that you have seven years of legal experience, particularly in the field of family law and child support law.\\n2-3. Understand the court system.\\nYou will maximize your chances of being selected for the position if you are familiar with the court system in which you wish to work. You could do this by getting a lower level job in the court, say as a clerk, and working there for a few years first. Or you might visit the court regularly and observe the magistrates who work there. Court sessions are generally open to the public.\\nTo be a magistrate in the U.K., you are required to observe court in session at least once (more is recommended) within the twelve months prior to your application.\\n3. Finding Available Magistrate Jobs\\n3-1. Use the resources at your law school.\\nIf you are a graduate of a law school, there is undoubtedly a careers office that can assist you. These offices routinely employ counselors whose duty is to assist students and alumni in finding employment. If you know that you wish to find a job as a magistrate, speak with a counselor in this office.\\nFor example, the Career Support Office at George Washington University Law School, in Washington, D.C., offers assistance to current students, alumni, and even prospective students.\\nThe Harvard University Law School Office of Career Services includes an online resource that allows students and alumni to search for open job opportunities. This is a feature common to many other law schools as well.\\n3-2. Search official governmental job listings.\\nMost court systems have an administrative office that handles job openings, hiring, and personnel matters. Contact the court where you are interested in working and find out how to learn about job openings. Quite often, there will be a centralized website where you can search by job title and location.\\nIn the U.K., you are encouraged to review the official site Gov.UK. That site contains information about the position, current or anticipate vacancies, and application information.\\nWithin the state of Massachusetts, as another example, the official state government site Mass.gov contains a link to Massachusetts Court System jobs. From there, you can search by individual court level or by location to find magistrate jobs throughout the state.\\n3-3. Use Internet job search tools.\\nOn the Internet, conduct a general search for “magistrate jobs.” You will instantly find many links to employment sites that contain relevant job listings. Some of the more commonly visited sites are Jobs.com or SimplyHired.com. Many of these sites will allow you to focus your search by desired salary, location, and job title. You can also register for notifications as new listings appear for your desired job.\\nTips\\nThis article uses the terms “college” and “university” almost interchangeably. In the United States, they both imply the same level of education. In some other countries, they may have different meanings.\\nAs noted in the introduction, a “magistrate” in the U.K. is quite different than in the U.S. This article presents general information that will serve for most magistrate positions. You should become familiar with the legal system in the country where you wish to work and take steps that will best prepare you for that role.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"“Magistrate” is a difficult position to define, because it takes on different meanings in different locations. The position of magistrate exists primarily in the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, and other countries whose legal system derives from English law back to the 12th or 13th century. A magistrate is generally a type of judge, although the specific jurisdiction and level of authority will vary from country to country. In the U.K., a magistrate is a temporary, volunteer position. Within the United States, it can vary from state to state but is generally a full-time, paid position as a judge at some level. This article provides a general overview of the steps you should take if you wish to become a magistrate. For your specific location, you should talk to local magistrates or lawyers, or visit a law school.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting the Necessary Education\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Perform well in high school.\", \"描述\": \"Although many students in their teenage years have not yet made career choices, if you know early that you wish to become a magistrate, then you need to begin studying hard as early as possible. Earning good grades in high school will provide more opportunities for your future. At the very least, you need a high school diploma to attend college, and you will need the college training to become a magistrate. It is never too early to perform at your best.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a bachelor’s degree.\", \"描述\": \"The first step toward a job as a magistrate is earning your bachelor’s degree. You need to attend a respected, accredited college or university. If you know already that your focus is to land a job as a magistrate someday, then a degree in a field such as political science, history or English could be useful. You will want to build up your training in reading, writing and analysis.\\nSome experts caution against earning a specifically “pre-law” degree if you wish to attend law school. Admission rates to law school are higher for philosophy, economics and journalism majors than for pre-law or criminal studies majors, according to one recent study.\\nWhatever major you select, the best advice is to work hard and earn the highest grades you can.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Earn an advanced degree in a legal field.\", \"描述\": \"In some locations, you must have a law degree to become a magistrate. In others, you could become a magistrate with only a bachelor’s degree and strong, relevant work experience. In most cases, however, some higher degree beyond a bachelor’s degree will be useful in getting hired.\\nAs one example, in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, you can become a magistrate with a bachelor’s degree or even a two-year associate’s degree if you have four years of additional relevant work experience.\\nBecoming a child support magistrate in the state of Minnesota requires a law degree.\\nIn the U.K., a magistrate does not require any particular legal training. This is a volunteer position that serves 26 half-day sessions per year, and training will be provided.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Attend law school to maximize your potential.\", \"描述\": \"To enhance your chances of getting a job as a magistrate and to increase your earning potential, you may want to attend law school. In some places, the job of “magistrate” is nearly the same as being a judge. To qualify for this type of position, you must have a law degree.\\nTo earn admission to an accredited law school, in the United States at least, you must earn high scores on the LSAT (Law School Aptitude Test). This is a standardized test that most law schools use as a predictor of success. For help preparing for the LSAT, see Score Higher on the LSAT.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Seeking Practical Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a job in a “related field.”\", \"描述\": \"A magistrate is not generally an entry level position that you can get right after earning your degree. You usually must work for a number of years before you can consider applying for a job as a magistrate at any level. The work you do should be tailored to the level and type of magistrate that you wish to become.\\nFor one particular magistrate job in the U.S., related fields are defined to include teaching, social services, law enforcement, arbitration or mediation, the court system, or counseling.\\nThe U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that most people who become magistrates have worked previously as attorneys. However, they also report that related fields can include arbitrators, mediators, paralegals and private investigators.\\nIf you wish to be a magistrate in the U.K., you are encouraged to understand documents, follow evidence, analyze problems logically, and communicate effectively. You will want to find related fields that allow you to demonstrate these skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work as a lawyer.\", \"描述\": \"In many cases, becoming a magistrate will require that you work for several years as a lawyer first. Some magistrate positions are specialized and will require legal experience in a particular field. Other magistrate positions are more general or administrative. For these positions, more general legal experience will suffice.\\nFor example, the position of Child Support Magistrate in Minnesota requires that you have seven years of legal experience, particularly in the field of family law and child support law.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Understand the court system.\", \"描述\": \"You will maximize your chances of being selected for the position if you are familiar with the court system in which you wish to work. You could do this by getting a lower level job in the court, say as a clerk, and working there for a few years first. Or you might visit the court regularly and observe the magistrates who work there. Court sessions are generally open to the public.\\nTo be a magistrate in the U.K., you are required to observe court in session at least once (more is recommended) within the twelve months prior to your application.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding Available Magistrate Jobs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use the resources at your law school.\", \"描述\": \"If you are a graduate of a law school, there is undoubtedly a careers office that can assist you. These offices routinely employ counselors whose duty is to assist students and alumni in finding employment. If you know that you wish to find a job as a magistrate, speak with a counselor in this office.\\nFor example, the Career Support Office at George Washington University Law School, in Washington, D.C., offers assistance to current students, alumni, and even prospective students.\\nThe Harvard University Law School Office of Career Services includes an online resource that allows students and alumni to search for open job opportunities. This is a feature common to many other law schools as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Search official governmental job listings.\", \"描述\": \"Most court systems have an administrative office that handles job openings, hiring, and personnel matters. Contact the court where you are interested in working and find out how to learn about job openings. Quite often, there will be a centralized website where you can search by job title and location.\\nIn the U.K., you are encouraged to review the official site Gov.UK. That site contains information about the position, current or anticipate vacancies, and application information.\\nWithin the state of Massachusetts, as another example, the official state government site Mass.gov contains a link to Massachusetts Court System jobs. From there, you can search by individual court level or by location to find magistrate jobs throughout the state.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use Internet job search tools.\", \"描述\": \"On the Internet, conduct a general search for “magistrate jobs.” You will instantly find many links to employment sites that contain relevant job listings. Some of the more commonly visited sites are Jobs.com or SimplyHired.com. Many of these sites will allow you to focus your search by desired salary, location, and job title. You can also register for notifications as new listings appear for your desired job.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"This article uses the terms “college” and “university” almost interchangeably. In the United States, they both imply the same level of education. In some other countries, they may have different meanings.\\n\", \"As noted in the introduction, a “magistrate” in the U.K. is quite different than in the U.S. This article presents general information that will serve for most magistrate positions. You should become familiar with the legal system in the country where you wish to work and take steps that will best prepare you for that role.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,505 |
How to Become a Mailman
|
1. Applying for the Job
1-1. Decide if being a mail carrier is right for you.
Before beginning the application process, you will need to figure out if you would be happy as a letter carrier. Like all jobs, this will depend on your personality, lifestyle, and skill set.
The happiest and most effective letter carriers will be "morning people." Most postal carriers start their day at 7 am and finish around 3 pm. If you're an early-riser who would like to avoid rush-hour traffic, you may be an excellent fit.
The typical workday for most mail carriers is a physically strenuous one. Your job will likely consist of a lot of walking and lifting heavy objects. If you do not enjoy physical activity or you have health problems that would make these tasks difficult or impossible, you would probably be better suited for a different job.
Unless you live in a dense urban center, you will need to be a skilled driver. The mail needs to be delivered no matter the road conditions. If you are prone to traffic accidents or you find driving to be stressful, this may not be the right career for you.
1-2. Look for open letter carrier positions in your area.
While these jobs used to be listed at the local post office, most countries now use online application systems. Simply visit the appropriate website and use the search function to find jobs near your home.
The United States Postal Service (USPS), Canada Post, and Australia Post all list available positions on the organizations' websites under "Careers" or "About Us."
While most Royal Mail positions in the UK are posted on the company's website, others are posted elsewhere. Use both the Royal Mail's webpage under "Careers" and the government-sponsored website Universal Jobmatch to search for open positions.
1-3. Determine if you meet the job requirements.
In general, letter carriers will have qualifications based on levels of physical fitness, driving record, and reading ability.
The USPS requires that all applicants must be citizens or legal residents of the United States and either at least 18 years old, or 16 with a high school diploma. Carriers may also be required to lift up to 70 lbs (about 32 kilos) and have a safe driving record, depending on the position. Successful applicants must also pass a criminal background check, drug screening, medical assessment, and aptitude test specific for letter carriers called Exam 473. Preferential selection will be given to veterans of the US armed forces.
Canada Post requests that all applicants must be able to lift packages weighing up to 22.7 kilos (50 lbs.), carry loads up to 15.9 kilos (35 lbs.), and climb stairs in inclement weather. They must also have a valid driver's license with a three-year satisfactory safe driving record. Applicants will also be evaluated based on their organizational and customer service skills.
Australia Post has different job requirements for different types of "postal delivery officer" dependent on the specific mode of transportation used, including walking. In general, all must be able to lift and carry up to 16 kilos (roughly 35 lbs.) and have excellent interpersonal communication skills.
Letter carriers in the UK are generally required to lift up to 16 kilos (roughly 35 lbs.) and pass an aptitude test. When applying for a delivery driver position, the applicant must have a full UK driving license with no more than 6 penalty points.
1-4. Gather necessary documentation.
You will need information about past employment and education records. You will also need to have relevant government identification numbers, such as your social security number if you live in the US, and your driver's license if required.
In the US, to claim veteran's preference, you must have a digital copy of your Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty or other proof of past service.
1-5. Complete the online application.
Set aside enough time to finish it without distractions. Find a quiet place and a compatible Internet browser in which to fill out the online employment application. Not all browser versions are supported. If you're having difficulty getting a webpage to display correctly, try viewing it on a different browser. For most application websites, Java scripting must be enabled.
2. Preparing for Pre-employment Screening
2-1. Familiarize yourself with required aptitude tests.
In the US, entry-level postal workers take Exam 473. Many websites offer testing guides that can be purchased. These guides are also available at most local libraries.
Exam 473 consists of sections on address checking, accurate form completion, mail coding, short term memory, and personality. While there aren't specific answers you can study for, being familiar with the exam's format will help you to relax and do your best.
Applicants in most other countries must take similar but not identical exams.
2-2. Schedule and complete your exams.
In the US, qualified applicants are immediately invited to take an online version of Exam 473 upon completion of their application both on screen and via email. This must typically be done in a specified timeframe (usually 3 to 7 days). If an applicant passes the online assessment, he or she must then schedule an in-person exam at a testing center designated by personal zip code.
The online and onsite versions of Exam 473 each typically take 90 minutes to complete.
If you pass Exam 473 but are not offered a job, your score will still be valid for 6 years. You will not have to retake the exam within this time period.
If your score is below the eligibility threshold, you will not be able to retake Exam 473 for 120 days.
In other countries, you may find out by phone or email. Screening exams are often taken the same day as the job interview.
2-3. Prepare for your interview.
If you are invited on an interview, make sure you are prepared for it. General job interview skills are required with a few additions.
If the position has fitness requirements, keep your body healthy and well-rested.
If a drug screening is part of the application process, refrain from heavy alcohol use and any kind of illicit substance in the weeks leading up to your interview. Avoid foods (such as poppy seeds) and over-the-counter medications (like cough syrup) that can cause a false positive on a drug screen. Notify the laboratory of all medications you are currently taking or have taken recently, especially if you've been prescribed controlled substances (such as treatments for chronic pain and ADHD) or medications known to cause false positives (like most antidepressants).
Tips
Don't get discouraged if you never hear back about your application. Just keep applying each time you find an open local position. Remember that thousands of applicants may have applied to the same position and that often the recruitment process depends on luck and timing.[18]
X
Research source
If you don't have a home computer or Internet access, you can apply using the tools available at your local library.
Beware of Internet postal exam scams that promise USPS positions for a testing fee. There is no fee for taking the postal exam. Contact the US Postal Inspection Service, the Federal Trade Commission and the state attorney general or Better Business Bureau to report postal exam scams.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:10",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Applying for the Job\\n1-1. Decide if being a mail carrier is right for you.\\nBefore beginning the application process, you will need to figure out if you would be happy as a letter carrier. Like all jobs, this will depend on your personality, lifestyle, and skill set.\\nThe happiest and most effective letter carriers will be \\\"morning people.\\\" Most postal carriers start their day at 7 am and finish around 3 pm. If you're an early-riser who would like to avoid rush-hour traffic, you may be an excellent fit.\\nThe typical workday for most mail carriers is a physically strenuous one. Your job will likely consist of a lot of walking and lifting heavy objects. If you do not enjoy physical activity or you have health problems that would make these tasks difficult or impossible, you would probably be better suited for a different job.\\nUnless you live in a dense urban center, you will need to be a skilled driver. The mail needs to be delivered no matter the road conditions. If you are prone to traffic accidents or you find driving to be stressful, this may not be the right career for you.\\n1-2. Look for open letter carrier positions in your area.\\nWhile these jobs used to be listed at the local post office, most countries now use online application systems. Simply visit the appropriate website and use the search function to find jobs near your home.\\nThe United States Postal Service (USPS), Canada Post, and Australia Post all list available positions on the organizations' websites under \\\"Careers\\\" or \\\"About Us.\\\"\\nWhile most Royal Mail positions in the UK are posted on the company's website, others are posted elsewhere. Use both the Royal Mail's webpage under \\\"Careers\\\" and the government-sponsored website Universal Jobmatch to search for open positions.\\n1-3. Determine if you meet the job requirements.\\nIn general, letter carriers will have qualifications based on levels of physical fitness, driving record, and reading ability.\\nThe USPS requires that all applicants must be citizens or legal residents of the United States and either at least 18 years old, or 16 with a high school diploma. Carriers may also be required to lift up to 70 lbs (about 32 kilos) and have a safe driving record, depending on the position. Successful applicants must also pass a criminal background check, drug screening, medical assessment, and aptitude test specific for letter carriers called Exam 473. Preferential selection will be given to veterans of the US armed forces.\\nCanada Post requests that all applicants must be able to lift packages weighing up to 22.7 kilos (50 lbs.), carry loads up to 15.9 kilos (35 lbs.), and climb stairs in inclement weather. They must also have a valid driver's license with a three-year satisfactory safe driving record. Applicants will also be evaluated based on their organizational and customer service skills.\\nAustralia Post has different job requirements for different types of \\\"postal delivery officer\\\" dependent on the specific mode of transportation used, including walking. In general, all must be able to lift and carry up to 16 kilos (roughly 35 lbs.) and have excellent interpersonal communication skills.\\nLetter carriers in the UK are generally required to lift up to 16 kilos (roughly 35 lbs.) and pass an aptitude test. When applying for a delivery driver position, the applicant must have a full UK driving license with no more than 6 penalty points.\\n1-4. Gather necessary documentation.\\nYou will need information about past employment and education records. You will also need to have relevant government identification numbers, such as your social security number if you live in the US, and your driver's license if required.\\nIn the US, to claim veteran's preference, you must have a digital copy of your Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty or other proof of past service.\\n1-5. Complete the online application.\\nSet aside enough time to finish it without distractions. Find a quiet place and a compatible Internet browser in which to fill out the online employment application. Not all browser versions are supported. If you're having difficulty getting a webpage to display correctly, try viewing it on a different browser. For most application websites, Java scripting must be enabled.\\n2. Preparing for Pre-employment Screening\\n2-1. Familiarize yourself with required aptitude tests.\\nIn the US, entry-level postal workers take Exam 473. Many websites offer testing guides that can be purchased. These guides are also available at most local libraries.\\nExam 473 consists of sections on address checking, accurate form completion, mail coding, short term memory, and personality. While there aren't specific answers you can study for, being familiar with the exam's format will help you to relax and do your best.\\nApplicants in most other countries must take similar but not identical exams.\\n2-2. Schedule and complete your exams.\\nIn the US, qualified applicants are immediately invited to take an online version of Exam 473 upon completion of their application both on screen and via email. This must typically be done in a specified timeframe (usually 3 to 7 days). If an applicant passes the online assessment, he or she must then schedule an in-person exam at a testing center designated by personal zip code.\\nThe online and onsite versions of Exam 473 each typically take 90 minutes to complete.\\nIf you pass Exam 473 but are not offered a job, your score will still be valid for 6 years. You will not have to retake the exam within this time period.\\nIf your score is below the eligibility threshold, you will not be able to retake Exam 473 for 120 days.\\nIn other countries, you may find out by phone or email. Screening exams are often taken the same day as the job interview.\\n2-3. Prepare for your interview.\\nIf you are invited on an interview, make sure you are prepared for it. General job interview skills are required with a few additions.\\nIf the position has fitness requirements, keep your body healthy and well-rested.\\nIf a drug screening is part of the application process, refrain from heavy alcohol use and any kind of illicit substance in the weeks leading up to your interview. Avoid foods (such as poppy seeds) and over-the-counter medications (like cough syrup) that can cause a false positive on a drug screen. Notify the laboratory of all medications you are currently taking or have taken recently, especially if you've been prescribed controlled substances (such as treatments for chronic pain and ADHD) or medications known to cause false positives (like most antidepressants).\\nTips\\nDon't get discouraged if you never hear back about your application. Just keep applying each time you find an open local position. Remember that thousands of applicants may have applied to the same position and that often the recruitment process depends on luck and timing.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nIf you don't have a home computer or Internet access, you can apply using the tools available at your local library.\\nBeware of Internet postal exam scams that promise USPS positions for a testing fee. There is no fee for taking the postal exam. Contact the US Postal Inspection Service, the Federal Trade Commission and the state attorney general or Better Business Bureau to report postal exam scams.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Becoming a mail carrier can be a good choice for someone beginning a first career or changing careers later in life. In general, these positions require little to no education or previous experience while offering excellent compensation and benefits. The exact job description, requirements, application, and pre-employment screening process for a mail carrier will vary depending on location. However, there are some general steps you will need to take to become a letter carrier.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Applying for the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide if being a mail carrier is right for you.\", \"描述\": \"Before beginning the application process, you will need to figure out if you would be happy as a letter carrier. Like all jobs, this will depend on your personality, lifestyle, and skill set.\\nThe happiest and most effective letter carriers will be \\\"morning people.\\\" Most postal carriers start their day at 7 am and finish around 3 pm. If you're an early-riser who would like to avoid rush-hour traffic, you may be an excellent fit.\\nThe typical workday for most mail carriers is a physically strenuous one. Your job will likely consist of a lot of walking and lifting heavy objects. If you do not enjoy physical activity or you have health problems that would make these tasks difficult or impossible, you would probably be better suited for a different job.\\nUnless you live in a dense urban center, you will need to be a skilled driver. The mail needs to be delivered no matter the road conditions. If you are prone to traffic accidents or you find driving to be stressful, this may not be the right career for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for open letter carrier positions in your area.\", \"描述\": \"While these jobs used to be listed at the local post office, most countries now use online application systems. Simply visit the appropriate website and use the search function to find jobs near your home.\\nThe United States Postal Service (USPS), Canada Post, and Australia Post all list available positions on the organizations' websites under \\\"Careers\\\" or \\\"About Us.\\\"\\nWhile most Royal Mail positions in the UK are posted on the company's website, others are posted elsewhere. Use both the Royal Mail's webpage under \\\"Careers\\\" and the government-sponsored website Universal Jobmatch to search for open positions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Determine if you meet the job requirements.\", \"描述\": \"In general, letter carriers will have qualifications based on levels of physical fitness, driving record, and reading ability.\\nThe USPS requires that all applicants must be citizens or legal residents of the United States and either at least 18 years old, or 16 with a high school diploma. Carriers may also be required to lift up to 70 lbs (about 32 kilos) and have a safe driving record, depending on the position. Successful applicants must also pass a criminal background check, drug screening, medical assessment, and aptitude test specific for letter carriers called Exam 473. Preferential selection will be given to veterans of the US armed forces.\\nCanada Post requests that all applicants must be able to lift packages weighing up to 22.7 kilos (50 lbs.), carry loads up to 15.9 kilos (35 lbs.), and climb stairs in inclement weather. They must also have a valid driver's license with a three-year satisfactory safe driving record. Applicants will also be evaluated based on their organizational and customer service skills.\\nAustralia Post has different job requirements for different types of \\\"postal delivery officer\\\" dependent on the specific mode of transportation used, including walking. In general, all must be able to lift and carry up to 16 kilos (roughly 35 lbs.) and have excellent interpersonal communication skills.\\nLetter carriers in the UK are generally required to lift up to 16 kilos (roughly 35 lbs.) and pass an aptitude test. When applying for a delivery driver position, the applicant must have a full UK driving license with no more than 6 penalty points.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Gather necessary documentation.\", \"描述\": \"You will need information about past employment and education records. You will also need to have relevant government identification numbers, such as your social security number if you live in the US, and your driver's license if required.\\nIn the US, to claim veteran's preference, you must have a digital copy of your Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty or other proof of past service.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Complete the online application.\", \"描述\": \"Set aside enough time to finish it without distractions. Find a quiet place and a compatible Internet browser in which to fill out the online employment application. Not all browser versions are supported. If you're having difficulty getting a webpage to display correctly, try viewing it on a different browser. For most application websites, Java scripting must be enabled.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preparing for Pre-employment Screening\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with required aptitude tests.\", \"描述\": \"In the US, entry-level postal workers take Exam 473. Many websites offer testing guides that can be purchased. These guides are also available at most local libraries.\\nExam 473 consists of sections on address checking, accurate form completion, mail coding, short term memory, and personality. While there aren't specific answers you can study for, being familiar with the exam's format will help you to relax and do your best.\\nApplicants in most other countries must take similar but not identical exams.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Schedule and complete your exams.\", \"描述\": \"In the US, qualified applicants are immediately invited to take an online version of Exam 473 upon completion of their application both on screen and via email. This must typically be done in a specified timeframe (usually 3 to 7 days). If an applicant passes the online assessment, he or she must then schedule an in-person exam at a testing center designated by personal zip code.\\nThe online and onsite versions of Exam 473 each typically take 90 minutes to complete.\\nIf you pass Exam 473 but are not offered a job, your score will still be valid for 6 years. You will not have to retake the exam within this time period.\\nIf your score is below the eligibility threshold, you will not be able to retake Exam 473 for 120 days.\\nIn other countries, you may find out by phone or email. Screening exams are often taken the same day as the job interview.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare for your interview.\", \"描述\": \"If you are invited on an interview, make sure you are prepared for it. General job interview skills are required with a few additions.\\nIf the position has fitness requirements, keep your body healthy and well-rested.\\nIf a drug screening is part of the application process, refrain from heavy alcohol use and any kind of illicit substance in the weeks leading up to your interview. Avoid foods (such as poppy seeds) and over-the-counter medications (like cough syrup) that can cause a false positive on a drug screen. Notify the laboratory of all medications you are currently taking or have taken recently, especially if you've been prescribed controlled substances (such as treatments for chronic pain and ADHD) or medications known to cause false positives (like most antidepressants).\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don't get discouraged if you never hear back about your application. Just keep applying each time you find an open local position. Remember that thousands of applicants may have applied to the same position and that often the recruitment process depends on luck and timing.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"If you don't have a home computer or Internet access, you can apply using the tools available at your local library.\\n\", \"Beware of Internet postal exam scams that promise USPS positions for a testing fee. There is no fee for taking the postal exam. Contact the US Postal Inspection Service, the Federal Trade Commission and the state attorney general or Better Business Bureau to report postal exam scams.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,506 |
How to Become a Professional Makeup Artist
|
1. Developing Your Skills
1-1. Study famous makeup vloggers on YouTube or Instagram.
Online video tutorials can be an excellent (and free!) way to get started learning more about makeup artistry. Find makeup artists whose looks match the styles you’re most interested in learning.
Keep in mind that, while tutorials are a great starting point, there’s no substitute for in-person training and experience.
1-2. Practice applying makeup on both yourself and your friends.
This will help you develop your technique and perfect your craft. Remember that even though you may be a superstar at doing your own makeup, applying others’ makeup takes a different set of motor skills and coordination.
Apply makeup to people with different skin colors, face shapes, eye colors, and ages. This will help you develop the skills you need to work with a wide range of clients.
Begin to put together a “kit”—the brushes, makeup, and other tools you use regularly. These can be drugstore brands to start out. As you develop your career, you’ll be able to afford more expensive products.
1-3. Familiarize yourself with current makeup trends.
Read magazines, scour fashion blogs, watch films, go to plays, and pay attention to the different trends and styles of face makeup. It is important to be up-to-date on current beauty trends so that you can advise clients.
Clients may request that you recreate a certain look that a celebrity had at an awards show or in a magazine. You will need to learn the terminology involved in makeup artistry so that you can effectively bring your clients' descriptions to life.
2. Getting Education and Professional Experience
2-1. Enroll in a makeup artist school that suits your schedule and budget.
Since makeup artistry is not a licensed profession, states don’t mandate course offerings from makeup artist programs—meaning that the curriculum varies widely between schools. Some schools offer full-time classes that cover all the bases, while others allow you to pick and choose courses that focus on particular industries or skills. These programs also vary widely in cost, with full-time schools being the most expensive.
Typically, makeup training programs run 300-600 hours and can be completed in less than 6 months.
Going to school is not a requirement for becoming a successful makeup artist. It may give you a boost in a very competitive field, however.
2-2. Earn a degree in cosmetology for a wider range of job prospects.
Enroll in a private cosmetology school or, for a less pricey option, attend a community college with a cosmetology program. With a cosmetology license, you can work in a beauty salon or spa applying makeup, which will give you access to a greater number of jobs.
Full cosmetology programs require 1,500-2,000 hours and last 12-24 months.
During cosmetology training, you will also learn other beauty services including hair, nail and skin care.
2-3. Find a job at a cosmetics counter to gain professional experience.
Apply for positions at department stores or pharmacies. You'll have the opportunity to practice your skills on hundreds of people with different complexions, styles, and expectations. Best of all, you'll get paid to practice your skills.
Retail experience is helpful for landing jobs in department and beauty stores, since your job will be selling cosmetics in addition to your makeup artistry services.
Search for a company that is dedicated to training its employees in applying makeup, rather than focusing entirely on sales.
2-4. Join a local theater group to practice a different kind of makeup.
Theater groups—at your school if you’re a student, or in the wider community—are a great place to explore your creativity. You’ll get a chance to practice a different style of makeup, learn to use greasepaint, and work with theatrical lighting.
2-5. Land an internship or apprenticeship with a respected makeup artist.
Find a top makeup artist in your local area whose work you admire and ask if they would be willing to take on an apprentice or intern. Make it clear that you're eager to get real-world experience in the makeup industry.
If they can’t commit to an internship, ask if you can shadow them for a day or two. Even a few hours of observation could teach you tons of new techniques.
3. Creating a Portfolio
3-1. Find models to showcase your looks.
While they don’t have to be professional models, find people whose makeup you enjoy doing and whose faces are compatible with your style. Consider snapping some "before and after" photos of your models to include in your portfolio.
Consider doing trade-for-print work with models.
3-2. Get creative with collaborations to build your portfolio.
Ask your friend who's making a music video if she could use your makeup artistry services, or offer to do your coworker's wedding makeup. You'll hone your skills and start making a name for yourself at the same time.
You may even need to volunteer your services in the beginning stages of your career to develop more content for your portfolio.
3-3. Take high-quality photographs of your work.
Consider investing in a high-end camera or hire a photographer to help you put your portfolio together. The quality of the photographs can make or break a portfolio.
If you’re still early in your career, it’s acceptable to take photos with your phone camera. Just make sure that your photos are well-lit and crisp.
3-4. Create a compelling portfolio that features all types of makeup styles.
Your portfolio should reflect the brand you are creating. Your best, most creative work should be showcased at the front so prospective clients get an immediate impression of your unique talent. Include a range of makeup styles, from fashion to special effects to film and television.
Your portfolio should exist both online and in print. The benefit of an online portfolio is that it reaches a larger audience and can be promoted through various forms of social media.
4. Building Your Career
4-1. Focus on the fashion industry if you’re good under pressure.
Once you’ve gained basic education or professional experience (or both!), you’ll need to determine what industry to focus on. Makeup artists who work in fashion are typically asked to employ their services at runway shows and fashion shoots.
You may be called upon to work fast in stressful environments, like cramped backstage areas at fashion shows or outdoors in inclement weather during shoots.
In this field, looks are led by the editor, designer, or fashion photographers rather than the makeup artist.
You’ll often work as part of a stylist and hair team to help prepare models.
4-2. Look for jobs in the television or film industry for a wide range of gigs.
Most makeup artists are employed by the television and film industry, which offers a variety of opportunities in different styles of makeup. Applying makeup to a newscaster calls for a more natural look, while doing makeup on a sci-fi television show would require special effects work and a more imaginative style.
Precision is important when working as a makeup artist in this industry. The crisper and clearer our television screens get, the easier it is to tell if someone’s makeup isn’t perfectly applied.
4-3. Freelance
Many makeup artists build a lucrative career from freelance projects, moving from gig to gig with their kit in hand. People often hire makeup artists when preparing for photo shoots of bridal and wedding parties, family reunions, or graduations.
Use word-of-mouth to promote your talents. Ask friends and family to consider hiring you to do their makeup for weddings, parties, or other formal occasions
4-4. Market yourself, particularly on social media.
Whether you want to land a full-time job with a particular company or work as a freelancer on a project-by-project basis, start marketing yourself to get the word out that you're looking for makeup artistry work. Social media channels like Instagram and YouTube are very important, as well as a personal blog or even a Pinterest page.
Tips
One important factor to consider when pursuing makeup artistry is whether or not you are totally committed to the craft. Because it is a competitive field, you may spend your first few years working very hard for very little pay. Eventually, your hard work will pay off if you stay committed and love what you do.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:10",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing Your Skills\\n1-1. Study famous makeup vloggers on YouTube or Instagram.\\nOnline video tutorials can be an excellent (and free!) way to get started learning more about makeup artistry. Find makeup artists whose looks match the styles you’re most interested in learning.\\nKeep in mind that, while tutorials are a great starting point, there’s no substitute for in-person training and experience.\\n1-2. Practice applying makeup on both yourself and your friends.\\nThis will help you develop your technique and perfect your craft. Remember that even though you may be a superstar at doing your own makeup, applying others’ makeup takes a different set of motor skills and coordination.\\nApply makeup to people with different skin colors, face shapes, eye colors, and ages. This will help you develop the skills you need to work with a wide range of clients.\\nBegin to put together a “kit”—the brushes, makeup, and other tools you use regularly. These can be drugstore brands to start out. As you develop your career, you’ll be able to afford more expensive products.\\n1-3. Familiarize yourself with current makeup trends.\\nRead magazines, scour fashion blogs, watch films, go to plays, and pay attention to the different trends and styles of face makeup. It is important to be up-to-date on current beauty trends so that you can advise clients.\\nClients may request that you recreate a certain look that a celebrity had at an awards show or in a magazine. You will need to learn the terminology involved in makeup artistry so that you can effectively bring your clients' descriptions to life.\\n2. Getting Education and Professional Experience\\n2-1. Enroll in a makeup artist school that suits your schedule and budget.\\nSince makeup artistry is not a licensed profession, states don’t mandate course offerings from makeup artist programs—meaning that the curriculum varies widely between schools. Some schools offer full-time classes that cover all the bases, while others allow you to pick and choose courses that focus on particular industries or skills. These programs also vary widely in cost, with full-time schools being the most expensive.\\nTypically, makeup training programs run 300-600 hours and can be completed in less than 6 months.\\nGoing to school is not a requirement for becoming a successful makeup artist. It may give you a boost in a very competitive field, however.\\n2-2. Earn a degree in cosmetology for a wider range of job prospects.\\nEnroll in a private cosmetology school or, for a less pricey option, attend a community college with a cosmetology program. With a cosmetology license, you can work in a beauty salon or spa applying makeup, which will give you access to a greater number of jobs.\\nFull cosmetology programs require 1,500-2,000 hours and last 12-24 months.\\nDuring cosmetology training, you will also learn other beauty services including hair, nail and skin care.\\n2-3. Find a job at a cosmetics counter to gain professional experience.\\nApply for positions at department stores or pharmacies. You'll have the opportunity to practice your skills on hundreds of people with different complexions, styles, and expectations. Best of all, you'll get paid to practice your skills.\\nRetail experience is helpful for landing jobs in department and beauty stores, since your job will be selling cosmetics in addition to your makeup artistry services.\\nSearch for a company that is dedicated to training its employees in applying makeup, rather than focusing entirely on sales.\\n2-4. Join a local theater group to practice a different kind of makeup.\\nTheater groups—at your school if you’re a student, or in the wider community—are a great place to explore your creativity. You’ll get a chance to practice a different style of makeup, learn to use greasepaint, and work with theatrical lighting.\\n2-5. Land an internship or apprenticeship with a respected makeup artist.\\nFind a top makeup artist in your local area whose work you admire and ask if they would be willing to take on an apprentice or intern. Make it clear that you're eager to get real-world experience in the makeup industry.\\nIf they can’t commit to an internship, ask if you can shadow them for a day or two. Even a few hours of observation could teach you tons of new techniques.\\n3. Creating a Portfolio\\n3-1. Find models to showcase your looks.\\nWhile they don’t have to be professional models, find people whose makeup you enjoy doing and whose faces are compatible with your style. Consider snapping some \\\"before and after\\\" photos of your models to include in your portfolio.\\nConsider doing trade-for-print work with models.\\n3-2. Get creative with collaborations to build your portfolio.\\nAsk your friend who's making a music video if she could use your makeup artistry services, or offer to do your coworker's wedding makeup. You'll hone your skills and start making a name for yourself at the same time.\\nYou may even need to volunteer your services in the beginning stages of your career to develop more content for your portfolio.\\n3-3. Take high-quality photographs of your work.\\nConsider investing in a high-end camera or hire a photographer to help you put your portfolio together. The quality of the photographs can make or break a portfolio.\\nIf you’re still early in your career, it’s acceptable to take photos with your phone camera. Just make sure that your photos are well-lit and crisp.\\n3-4. Create a compelling portfolio that features all types of makeup styles.\\nYour portfolio should reflect the brand you are creating. Your best, most creative work should be showcased at the front so prospective clients get an immediate impression of your unique talent. Include a range of makeup styles, from fashion to special effects to film and television.\\nYour portfolio should exist both online and in print. The benefit of an online portfolio is that it reaches a larger audience and can be promoted through various forms of social media.\\n4. Building Your Career\\n4-1. Focus on the fashion industry if you’re good under pressure.\\nOnce you’ve gained basic education or professional experience (or both!), you’ll need to determine what industry to focus on. Makeup artists who work in fashion are typically asked to employ their services at runway shows and fashion shoots.\\nYou may be called upon to work fast in stressful environments, like cramped backstage areas at fashion shows or outdoors in inclement weather during shoots.\\nIn this field, looks are led by the editor, designer, or fashion photographers rather than the makeup artist.\\nYou’ll often work as part of a stylist and hair team to help prepare models.\\n4-2. Look for jobs in the television or film industry for a wide range of gigs.\\nMost makeup artists are employed by the television and film industry, which offers a variety of opportunities in different styles of makeup. Applying makeup to a newscaster calls for a more natural look, while doing makeup on a sci-fi television show would require special effects work and a more imaginative style.\\nPrecision is important when working as a makeup artist in this industry. The crisper and clearer our television screens get, the easier it is to tell if someone’s makeup isn’t perfectly applied.\\n4-3. Freelance\\nMany makeup artists build a lucrative career from freelance projects, moving from gig to gig with their kit in hand. People often hire makeup artists when preparing for photo shoots of bridal and wedding parties, family reunions, or graduations.\\nUse word-of-mouth to promote your talents. Ask friends and family to consider hiring you to do their makeup for weddings, parties, or other formal occasions\\n4-4. Market yourself, particularly on social media.\\nWhether you want to land a full-time job with a particular company or work as a freelancer on a project-by-project basis, start marketing yourself to get the word out that you're looking for makeup artistry work. Social media channels like Instagram and YouTube are very important, as well as a personal blog or even a Pinterest page.\\nTips\\nOne important factor to consider when pursuing makeup artistry is whether or not you are totally committed to the craft. Because it is a competitive field, you may spend your first few years working very hard for very little pay. Eventually, your hard work will pay off if you stay committed and love what you do.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Have you perfected the smokey eye? Can take one look at someone and whip out the perfect shade of lip liner? If so, you might be closer than you think to becoming a professional makeup artist. It takes skill, passion, and a whole lot of love for the assorted powders and creams, but you've got all that in spades. We'll fill you in on how to develop your skills, get experience, create a portfolio, and kick start your career. Just be sure that eyeliner is sharp before you get out there.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing Your Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Study famous makeup vloggers on YouTube or Instagram.\", \"描述\": \"Online video tutorials can be an excellent (and free!) way to get started learning more about makeup artistry. Find makeup artists whose looks match the styles you’re most interested in learning.\\nKeep in mind that, while tutorials are a great starting point, there’s no substitute for in-person training and experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice applying makeup on both yourself and your friends.\", \"描述\": \"This will help you develop your technique and perfect your craft. Remember that even though you may be a superstar at doing your own makeup, applying others’ makeup takes a different set of motor skills and coordination.\\nApply makeup to people with different skin colors, face shapes, eye colors, and ages. This will help you develop the skills you need to work with a wide range of clients.\\nBegin to put together a “kit”—the brushes, makeup, and other tools you use regularly. These can be drugstore brands to start out. As you develop your career, you’ll be able to afford more expensive products.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with current makeup trends.\", \"描述\": \"Read magazines, scour fashion blogs, watch films, go to plays, and pay attention to the different trends and styles of face makeup. It is important to be up-to-date on current beauty trends so that you can advise clients.\\nClients may request that you recreate a certain look that a celebrity had at an awards show or in a magazine. You will need to learn the terminology involved in makeup artistry so that you can effectively bring your clients' descriptions to life.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Getting Education and Professional Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Enroll in a makeup artist school that suits your schedule and budget.\", \"描述\": \"Since makeup artistry is not a licensed profession, states don’t mandate course offerings from makeup artist programs—meaning that the curriculum varies widely between schools. Some schools offer full-time classes that cover all the bases, while others allow you to pick and choose courses that focus on particular industries or skills. These programs also vary widely in cost, with full-time schools being the most expensive.\\nTypically, makeup training programs run 300-600 hours and can be completed in less than 6 months.\\nGoing to school is not a requirement for becoming a successful makeup artist. It may give you a boost in a very competitive field, however.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Earn a degree in cosmetology for a wider range of job prospects.\", \"描述\": \"Enroll in a private cosmetology school or, for a less pricey option, attend a community college with a cosmetology program. With a cosmetology license, you can work in a beauty salon or spa applying makeup, which will give you access to a greater number of jobs.\\nFull cosmetology programs require 1,500-2,000 hours and last 12-24 months.\\nDuring cosmetology training, you will also learn other beauty services including hair, nail and skin care.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Find a job at a cosmetics counter to gain professional experience.\", \"描述\": \"Apply for positions at department stores or pharmacies. You'll have the opportunity to practice your skills on hundreds of people with different complexions, styles, and expectations. Best of all, you'll get paid to practice your skills.\\nRetail experience is helpful for landing jobs in department and beauty stores, since your job will be selling cosmetics in addition to your makeup artistry services.\\nSearch for a company that is dedicated to training its employees in applying makeup, rather than focusing entirely on sales.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Join a local theater group to practice a different kind of makeup.\", \"描述\": \"Theater groups—at your school if you’re a student, or in the wider community—are a great place to explore your creativity. You’ll get a chance to practice a different style of makeup, learn to use greasepaint, and work with theatrical lighting.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Land an internship or apprenticeship with a respected makeup artist.\", \"描述\": \"Find a top makeup artist in your local area whose work you admire and ask if they would be willing to take on an apprentice or intern. Make it clear that you're eager to get real-world experience in the makeup industry.\\nIf they can’t commit to an internship, ask if you can shadow them for a day or two. Even a few hours of observation could teach you tons of new techniques.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Creating a Portfolio\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find models to showcase your looks.\", \"描述\": \"While they don’t have to be professional models, find people whose makeup you enjoy doing and whose faces are compatible with your style. Consider snapping some \\\"before and after\\\" photos of your models to include in your portfolio.\\nConsider doing trade-for-print work with models.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get creative with collaborations to build your portfolio.\", \"描述\": \"Ask your friend who's making a music video if she could use your makeup artistry services, or offer to do your coworker's wedding makeup. You'll hone your skills and start making a name for yourself at the same time.\\nYou may even need to volunteer your services in the beginning stages of your career to develop more content for your portfolio.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take high-quality photographs of your work.\", \"描述\": \"Consider investing in a high-end camera or hire a photographer to help you put your portfolio together. The quality of the photographs can make or break a portfolio.\\nIf you’re still early in your career, it’s acceptable to take photos with your phone camera. Just make sure that your photos are well-lit and crisp.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Create a compelling portfolio that features all types of makeup styles.\", \"描述\": \"Your portfolio should reflect the brand you are creating. Your best, most creative work should be showcased at the front so prospective clients get an immediate impression of your unique talent. Include a range of makeup styles, from fashion to special effects to film and television.\\nYour portfolio should exist both online and in print. The benefit of an online portfolio is that it reaches a larger audience and can be promoted through various forms of social media.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Building Your Career\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Focus on the fashion industry if you’re good under pressure.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve gained basic education or professional experience (or both!), you’ll need to determine what industry to focus on. Makeup artists who work in fashion are typically asked to employ their services at runway shows and fashion shoots.\\nYou may be called upon to work fast in stressful environments, like cramped backstage areas at fashion shows or outdoors in inclement weather during shoots.\\nIn this field, looks are led by the editor, designer, or fashion photographers rather than the makeup artist.\\nYou’ll often work as part of a stylist and hair team to help prepare models.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Look for jobs in the television or film industry for a wide range of gigs.\", \"描述\": \"Most makeup artists are employed by the television and film industry, which offers a variety of opportunities in different styles of makeup. Applying makeup to a newscaster calls for a more natural look, while doing makeup on a sci-fi television show would require special effects work and a more imaginative style.\\nPrecision is important when working as a makeup artist in this industry. The crisper and clearer our television screens get, the easier it is to tell if someone’s makeup isn’t perfectly applied.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Freelance\", \"描述\": \"Many makeup artists build a lucrative career from freelance projects, moving from gig to gig with their kit in hand. People often hire makeup artists when preparing for photo shoots of bridal and wedding parties, family reunions, or graduations.\\nUse word-of-mouth to promote your talents. Ask friends and family to consider hiring you to do their makeup for weddings, parties, or other formal occasions\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Market yourself, particularly on social media.\", \"描述\": \"Whether you want to land a full-time job with a particular company or work as a freelancer on a project-by-project basis, start marketing yourself to get the word out that you're looking for makeup artistry work. Social media channels like Instagram and YouTube are very important, as well as a personal blog or even a Pinterest page.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"One important factor to consider when pursuing makeup artistry is whether or not you are totally committed to the craft. Because it is a competitive field, you may spend your first few years working very hard for very little pay. Eventually, your hard work will pay off if you stay committed and love what you do.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,507 |
How to Become a Male Fitness Model
|
1. Building Your Brand and Marketing Yourself
1-1. Find a photographer who specializes in male fitness models.
It is best to select a photographer who has already had their work appear online or in fitness publications to take your first photos. They will be able to guide you in your shoot and help make the body you worked so hard for shine!
Avoid amateur photographers, a professional fitness photographer will know how to communicate with you and get you involved in the shoot.
Spend some time looking at fitness photography poses and expressions and practicing them in a mirror so that you are ready for your first photo shoot.
1-2. Get professional headshots and full body shots.
Once you’ve found a good photographer and are comfortable with some fitness poses and facial expressions, it’s time for your first shoot! You will need headshots to showcase your face and full body shots to show off all those muscles.
It is also a good idea to get some shots that focus on individual muscle groups.
1-3. Create a portfolio of your photos and personal details.
Include all of your professional fitness snapshots as well as details like your age, weight, height, and body measurements. You will keep adding to this portfolio throughout your career as you complete shoots and continue to perfect your body.
1-4. Develop your social media presence.
Begin by creating profiles for your personal brand on all the major social networks including Instagram, Facebook, and even LinkedIn. Each network has its own strengths and features that you can use to your advantage.
Many models get scouted by agencies and brands through social media.
1-5. Create a world-class Instagram page with eye-catching photography.
These days, a lot of careers have taken off through Instagram, so if you are going to pick just one social network to focus on, make it that one. It is purely photography-based and thus perfect for sharing your look and lifestyle with the world.
Begin by looking at popular accounts of models or fitness professionals to get any idea of what kinds of photos they are uploading and what hashtags they use.
Upload only professional-looking photos of yourself and your fitness lifestyle and be sure to include relevant and popular hashtags to appear in searches and attract followers.
Having a large Instagram following can lead to other opportunities such as sponsorships by brands or invitations to exclusive events.
1-6. Take your portfolio to modeling agencies or hire an agent.
Research reputable modeling agencies and agents. A good agent can get you into some of the more profitable shoots.
Always be professional and easy going when you're interacting with modeling agents.
There are many scammers in the modeling world, so make sure not to pay anyone until after you have completed a booking.
1-7. Don’t be afraid of getting rejected.
Keep submitting your photos, networking, and working to improve your body and fitness. Even if you get rejected 9 times out of 10, all you need is that one shoot to break into the male fitness modeling world.
2. Following a Healthy Diet
2-1. Eat a balanced diet of healthy fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins.
The first step to achieving the physique of a male fitness model is supplying your body with lots of nutrition. Find a diet plan online to match your fitness goals or consult with a dietician or personal trainer to develop a plan that works for you.
Without consistently eating a healthy and balanced diet, all the work you do in the gym will mean nothing, start with diet and build from there.
Avoid sugary and processed foods containing preservatives, the more natural the better.
Olive oil is a great source of healthy fat. Consuming just 2 US tbsp (30 mL) a day can help protect against heart disease and promote fitness.
2-2. Consume 1 oz (28 g) of protein for every 1 lb (0.45 kg) of body weight a day.
Concentrate on eating lots of lean protein from foods like lean cuts of beef, chicken, fish, egg whites, and legumes. Supplement your protein intake with whey protein shakes.
2-3. Drink 1 L (0.26 US gal) of water for every 50 lb (23 kg) of body weight a day.
Avoid drinking your calories and stick to drinking lots of water. Cutting out high-calorie beverages is the easiest way to shed a layer of unwanted fat.
Cut out all sugary drinks such as soda and processed fruit juices that contain empty calories.
If you want to make your plain water more tasty you can easily slice up some lemons, limes, cucumbers, or other fruits to give it some flavor without the calories.
Avoid carbonated drinks and alcohol as they can cause bloating.
2-4. Eat lots of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Fruits and vegetables are essential for healthy skin and hair, and contain lots of beneficial vitamins and nutrients. Consult your diet plan to determine the most nutritious fruits and vegetables for your goals.
2-5. Get in the habit of eating healthy snacks.
Skip the sugary or saturated-fat-drenched snacks like cookies and potato chips. Instead go for snacks like nuts, berries, low-fat greek yogurt, eggs, or veggies.
Make sure to still snack in moderation so you don’t go overboard with your calorie intake.
3. Sticking to an Exercise Regime
3-1. Train for strength with big compound exercises.
Instead of doing exercises that focus on sculpting just one muscle, go for those that hit multiple muscle groups and force them to work together. Working as many different muscles at once will burn calories faster and sculpt your whole body.
Effective compound workouts include squats, deadlifts, pull-ups, chin-ups, push-ups, bench presses, and dips.
In general a higher number of reps at a lower weight will help you slim down and get sculpted, while a lower number of reps at a higher weight will help you bulk up and gain muscle mass.
3-2. Focus on form and don’t cheat in the gym.
Doing exercises with proper form is far more important than how much weight you can lift. Focus on the muscles that the workout is supposed to train and lift a weight that you are comfortable with, slowly increasing with time as you get stronger.
If you are lifting too heavy, your body will try to employ other muscles to help and you won’t achieve the desired results and could end up with an injury.
3-3. Avoid excessive cardio and focus on lifting weights.
Research has shown that weight training is much more effective for burning calories and adding muscle. When doing cardio, stick to short, high-intensity sessions.
Running or doing other steady-state cardio exercises for hours on end can end up being counterproductive because the body will start to burn muscle as well as fat.
3-4. Get a personal trainer or training partner.
Having a training partner or personal trainer with you in the gym will help you focus on the correct exercises and on doing them well so that you can get the cover-model physique you’re going for.
Many personal trainers may have experience with fitness modeling as well, so can be a great asset to have on your journey.
3-5. Be persistent and don’t give up.
Changing your body drastically takes a lot of time and effort. You need to maintain and constantly work on your physique which means getting up and heading to the gym even when you don’t feel like it, maybe even 7 days a week.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:10",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Building Your Brand and Marketing Yourself\\n1-1. Find a photographer who specializes in male fitness models.\\nIt is best to select a photographer who has already had their work appear online or in fitness publications to take your first photos. They will be able to guide you in your shoot and help make the body you worked so hard for shine!\\nAvoid amateur photographers, a professional fitness photographer will know how to communicate with you and get you involved in the shoot.\\nSpend some time looking at fitness photography poses and expressions and practicing them in a mirror so that you are ready for your first photo shoot.\\n1-2. Get professional headshots and full body shots.\\nOnce you’ve found a good photographer and are comfortable with some fitness poses and facial expressions, it’s time for your first shoot! You will need headshots to showcase your face and full body shots to show off all those muscles.\\nIt is also a good idea to get some shots that focus on individual muscle groups.\\n1-3. Create a portfolio of your photos and personal details.\\nInclude all of your professional fitness snapshots as well as details like your age, weight, height, and body measurements. You will keep adding to this portfolio throughout your career as you complete shoots and continue to perfect your body.\\n1-4. Develop your social media presence.\\nBegin by creating profiles for your personal brand on all the major social networks including Instagram, Facebook, and even LinkedIn. Each network has its own strengths and features that you can use to your advantage.\\nMany models get scouted by agencies and brands through social media.\\n1-5. Create a world-class Instagram page with eye-catching photography.\\nThese days, a lot of careers have taken off through Instagram, so if you are going to pick just one social network to focus on, make it that one. It is purely photography-based and thus perfect for sharing your look and lifestyle with the world.\\nBegin by looking at popular accounts of models or fitness professionals to get any idea of what kinds of photos they are uploading and what hashtags they use.\\nUpload only professional-looking photos of yourself and your fitness lifestyle and be sure to include relevant and popular hashtags to appear in searches and attract followers.\\nHaving a large Instagram following can lead to other opportunities such as sponsorships by brands or invitations to exclusive events.\\n1-6. Take your portfolio to modeling agencies or hire an agent.\\nResearch reputable modeling agencies and agents. A good agent can get you into some of the more profitable shoots.\\nAlways be professional and easy going when you're interacting with modeling agents.\\nThere are many scammers in the modeling world, so make sure not to pay anyone until after you have completed a booking.\\n1-7. Don’t be afraid of getting rejected.\\nKeep submitting your photos, networking, and working to improve your body and fitness. Even if you get rejected 9 times out of 10, all you need is that one shoot to break into the male fitness modeling world.\\n2. Following a Healthy Diet\\n2-1. Eat a balanced diet of healthy fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins.\\nThe first step to achieving the physique of a male fitness model is supplying your body with lots of nutrition. Find a diet plan online to match your fitness goals or consult with a dietician or personal trainer to develop a plan that works for you.\\nWithout consistently eating a healthy and balanced diet, all the work you do in the gym will mean nothing, start with diet and build from there.\\nAvoid sugary and processed foods containing preservatives, the more natural the better.\\nOlive oil is a great source of healthy fat. Consuming just 2 US tbsp (30 mL) a day can help protect against heart disease and promote fitness.\\n2-2. Consume 1 oz (28 g) of protein for every 1 lb (0.45 kg) of body weight a day.\\nConcentrate on eating lots of lean protein from foods like lean cuts of beef, chicken, fish, egg whites, and legumes. Supplement your protein intake with whey protein shakes.\\n2-3. Drink 1 L (0.26 US gal) of water for every 50 lb (23 kg) of body weight a day.\\nAvoid drinking your calories and stick to drinking lots of water. Cutting out high-calorie beverages is the easiest way to shed a layer of unwanted fat.\\nCut out all sugary drinks such as soda and processed fruit juices that contain empty calories.\\nIf you want to make your plain water more tasty you can easily slice up some lemons, limes, cucumbers, or other fruits to give it some flavor without the calories.\\nAvoid carbonated drinks and alcohol as they can cause bloating.\\n2-4. Eat lots of fresh fruits and vegetables.\\nFruits and vegetables are essential for healthy skin and hair, and contain lots of beneficial vitamins and nutrients. Consult your diet plan to determine the most nutritious fruits and vegetables for your goals.\\n2-5. Get in the habit of eating healthy snacks.\\nSkip the sugary or saturated-fat-drenched snacks like cookies and potato chips. Instead go for snacks like nuts, berries, low-fat greek yogurt, eggs, or veggies.\\nMake sure to still snack in moderation so you don’t go overboard with your calorie intake.\\n3. Sticking to an Exercise Regime\\n3-1. Train for strength with big compound exercises.\\nInstead of doing exercises that focus on sculpting just one muscle, go for those that hit multiple muscle groups and force them to work together. Working as many different muscles at once will burn calories faster and sculpt your whole body.\\nEffective compound workouts include squats, deadlifts, pull-ups, chin-ups, push-ups, bench presses, and dips.\\nIn general a higher number of reps at a lower weight will help you slim down and get sculpted, while a lower number of reps at a higher weight will help you bulk up and gain muscle mass.\\n3-2. Focus on form and don’t cheat in the gym.\\nDoing exercises with proper form is far more important than how much weight you can lift. Focus on the muscles that the workout is supposed to train and lift a weight that you are comfortable with, slowly increasing with time as you get stronger.\\nIf you are lifting too heavy, your body will try to employ other muscles to help and you won’t achieve the desired results and could end up with an injury.\\n3-3. Avoid excessive cardio and focus on lifting weights.\\nResearch has shown that weight training is much more effective for burning calories and adding muscle. When doing cardio, stick to short, high-intensity sessions.\\nRunning or doing other steady-state cardio exercises for hours on end can end up being counterproductive because the body will start to burn muscle as well as fat.\\n3-4. Get a personal trainer or training partner.\\nHaving a training partner or personal trainer with you in the gym will help you focus on the correct exercises and on doing them well so that you can get the cover-model physique you’re going for.\\nMany personal trainers may have experience with fitness modeling as well, so can be a great asset to have on your journey.\\n3-5. Be persistent and don’t give up.\\nChanging your body drastically takes a lot of time and effort. You need to maintain and constantly work on your physique which means getting up and heading to the gym even when you don’t feel like it, maybe even 7 days a week.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You’ve read the fitness magazines, you’ve seen the guys that look like fitness models at the gym, and you think you have what it takes to make it in a career as a male fitness model. With a lot of dedication to diet and exercise, marketing yourself, and persistence to land your first shoot, you may just be right!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Building Your Brand and Marketing Yourself\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a photographer who specializes in male fitness models.\", \"描述\": \"It is best to select a photographer who has already had their work appear online or in fitness publications to take your first photos. They will be able to guide you in your shoot and help make the body you worked so hard for shine!\\nAvoid amateur photographers, a professional fitness photographer will know how to communicate with you and get you involved in the shoot.\\nSpend some time looking at fitness photography poses and expressions and practicing them in a mirror so that you are ready for your first photo shoot.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get professional headshots and full body shots.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve found a good photographer and are comfortable with some fitness poses and facial expressions, it’s time for your first shoot! You will need headshots to showcase your face and full body shots to show off all those muscles.\\nIt is also a good idea to get some shots that focus on individual muscle groups.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Create a portfolio of your photos and personal details.\", \"描述\": \"Include all of your professional fitness snapshots as well as details like your age, weight, height, and body measurements. You will keep adding to this portfolio throughout your career as you complete shoots and continue to perfect your body.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Develop your social media presence.\", \"描述\": \"Begin by creating profiles for your personal brand on all the major social networks including Instagram, Facebook, and even LinkedIn. Each network has its own strengths and features that you can use to your advantage.\\nMany models get scouted by agencies and brands through social media.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Create a world-class Instagram page with eye-catching photography.\", \"描述\": \"These days, a lot of careers have taken off through Instagram, so if you are going to pick just one social network to focus on, make it that one. It is purely photography-based and thus perfect for sharing your look and lifestyle with the world.\\nBegin by looking at popular accounts of models or fitness professionals to get any idea of what kinds of photos they are uploading and what hashtags they use.\\nUpload only professional-looking photos of yourself and your fitness lifestyle and be sure to include relevant and popular hashtags to appear in searches and attract followers.\\nHaving a large Instagram following can lead to other opportunities such as sponsorships by brands or invitations to exclusive events.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take your portfolio to modeling agencies or hire an agent.\", \"描述\": \"Research reputable modeling agencies and agents. A good agent can get you into some of the more profitable shoots.\\nAlways be professional and easy going when you're interacting with modeling agents.\\nThere are many scammers in the modeling world, so make sure not to pay anyone until after you have completed a booking.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Don’t be afraid of getting rejected.\", \"描述\": \"Keep submitting your photos, networking, and working to improve your body and fitness. Even if you get rejected 9 times out of 10, all you need is that one shoot to break into the male fitness modeling world.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Following a Healthy Diet\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Eat a balanced diet of healthy fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins.\", \"描述\": \"The first step to achieving the physique of a male fitness model is supplying your body with lots of nutrition. Find a diet plan online to match your fitness goals or consult with a dietician or personal trainer to develop a plan that works for you.\\nWithout consistently eating a healthy and balanced diet, all the work you do in the gym will mean nothing, start with diet and build from there.\\nAvoid sugary and processed foods containing preservatives, the more natural the better.\\nOlive oil is a great source of healthy fat. Consuming just 2 US tbsp (30 mL) a day can help protect against heart disease and promote fitness.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consume 1 oz (28 g) of protein for every 1 lb (0.45 kg) of body weight a day.\", \"描述\": \"Concentrate on eating lots of lean protein from foods like lean cuts of beef, chicken, fish, egg whites, and legumes. Supplement your protein intake with whey protein shakes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Drink 1 L (0.26 US gal) of water for every 50 lb (23 kg) of body weight a day.\", \"描述\": \"Avoid drinking your calories and stick to drinking lots of water. Cutting out high-calorie beverages is the easiest way to shed a layer of unwanted fat.\\nCut out all sugary drinks such as soda and processed fruit juices that contain empty calories.\\nIf you want to make your plain water more tasty you can easily slice up some lemons, limes, cucumbers, or other fruits to give it some flavor without the calories.\\nAvoid carbonated drinks and alcohol as they can cause bloating.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Eat lots of fresh fruits and vegetables.\", \"描述\": \"Fruits and vegetables are essential for healthy skin and hair, and contain lots of beneficial vitamins and nutrients. Consult your diet plan to determine the most nutritious fruits and vegetables for your goals.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get in the habit of eating healthy snacks.\", \"描述\": \"Skip the sugary or saturated-fat-drenched snacks like cookies and potato chips. Instead go for snacks like nuts, berries, low-fat greek yogurt, eggs, or veggies.\\nMake sure to still snack in moderation so you don’t go overboard with your calorie intake.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sticking to an Exercise Regime\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Train for strength with big compound exercises.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of doing exercises that focus on sculpting just one muscle, go for those that hit multiple muscle groups and force them to work together. Working as many different muscles at once will burn calories faster and sculpt your whole body.\\nEffective compound workouts include squats, deadlifts, pull-ups, chin-ups, push-ups, bench presses, and dips.\\nIn general a higher number of reps at a lower weight will help you slim down and get sculpted, while a lower number of reps at a higher weight will help you bulk up and gain muscle mass.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Focus on form and don’t cheat in the gym.\", \"描述\": \"Doing exercises with proper form is far more important than how much weight you can lift. Focus on the muscles that the workout is supposed to train and lift a weight that you are comfortable with, slowly increasing with time as you get stronger.\\nIf you are lifting too heavy, your body will try to employ other muscles to help and you won’t achieve the desired results and could end up with an injury.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid excessive cardio and focus on lifting weights.\", \"描述\": \"Research has shown that weight training is much more effective for burning calories and adding muscle. When doing cardio, stick to short, high-intensity sessions.\\nRunning or doing other steady-state cardio exercises for hours on end can end up being counterproductive because the body will start to burn muscle as well as fat.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a personal trainer or training partner.\", \"描述\": \"Having a training partner or personal trainer with you in the gym will help you focus on the correct exercises and on doing them well so that you can get the cover-model physique you’re going for.\\nMany personal trainers may have experience with fitness modeling as well, so can be a great asset to have on your journey.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be persistent and don’t give up.\", \"描述\": \"Changing your body drastically takes a lot of time and effort. You need to maintain and constantly work on your physique which means getting up and heading to the gym even when you don’t feel like it, maybe even 7 days a week.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,508 |
How to Become a Male Stripper
|
1. Honing Your Body and Personality
1-1. Improve your social skills.
As a performer, you will have to work half-naked in large and rowdy crowds. You also need to engage your customers one-on-one. Spend some time talking to strangers. Practice until you feel completely open about yourself. You need to be able to look anyone in the eye with a smile.
The goal is to make customers feel special. Make conversations focus on the person you're speaking to rather than yourself.
1-2. Work your body into shape.
Strippers help people visualize their fantasies, so you need to look your best. Muscle mass is important. You don't need to look like the Incredible Hulk, but you'll need muscles and defined abs. Visit a gym and start lifting weights two or three times a week. When you aren't in the gym, keep active with other activities, such as running or swimming.
Customers have varying tastes, so men with different body types can find work stripping.
1-3. Eat healthy food to lose body fat.
Minimize your body fat by putting down the bag of chips. Substitute fats, sugars, and salt for fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Increase your intake of lean protein. Chicken and fish are great options, as are lean cuts of beef, eggs, and almonds. Get whey protein powder and mix it into water for a snack.
1-4. Take dance lessons.
A successful performance includes smooth, appealing body movements. Seek out dance classes in your area so you can learn. Male burlesque or erotic dance classes will teach you a lot. Hip hop dance moves also show up in many stripper routines, so classes teaching them may be an option as well.
These kinds of dance classes also serve as social exposure. Use it to get a sense of whether or not becoming a stripper is right for you.
1-5. Come up with a stage name.
Your stage name should be shorthand for your stripper persona. It'll be used to introduce you, so it should communicate what sort of experience people can expect. Many well-known strippers go by their actual names. This makes them identifiable, but a stage name can often do this while sounding more better. Choose a name that sounds alluring and exciting.
For example, John Smith doesn't stand out. You can switch to a name like “Andre Knife” or “Damian Chase.”
2. Creating Your Dance Routine
2-1. Get a quality portable speaker.
Playing dance music on your phone won't help your routine. Most clients won't have sound systems for you to borrow. Look for Bluetooth speakers. Good ones provide better sound quality, but also produce volume. The music has to be loud enough so you can hear it over your clients. Check online for reviews before committing to a speaker.
When you work in a stage performance, you won't have to provide a sound system. However, many strippers get work by traveling to private parties, so it helps to have a portable speaker.
Bluetooth speakers can play songs you store on your phone. You may burn CDs and play these on regular speakers.
2-2. Assemble a costume.
The first step to a good costume is authenticity. A Halloween costume won't do. Go online. Sometimes you can find authentic uniforms on sites such as eBay. Tear-away clothing is a popular option, and a tailor or seamstress can help you add snaps or Velcro. Complete the look with flashy, enticing underwear.
Some stage shows provide the costume. When you are starting out or working in someone's home, you will need to provide your own costume.
It helps to acquire more costumes as you work. You can't please someone who wants a firefighter when all you have is a police uniform.
2-3. Choose songs that pull your routine's theme together.
The songs should match the outfit you chose. A good song selection will make your routine feel cohesive. If your customers know these songs and can sing along to them, your dance will seem even better. The best songs are also ones that you enjoy dancing to, since that makes your performance more authentic.
For example, a fireman routine could use songs like “Disco Inferno” or “Hot In Herre.”
2-4. Customize the songs into a mix.
Get a song mixing program. There are free options, such as Audacity or the GarageBand application. These allow you to cut up the songs and assemble them into a whole. Playing every song in its entirety doesn't work well. Instead, cut out the best parts and place them together so they flow well.
You can also add sound effects to your songs. Go ahead and add a police siren or fire truck horn if it works well in your routine. These sounds can be found online.
It's best to keep the music simple. It should not draw attention away from you.
2-5. Watch male stripper performances for dance move ideas.
Going out to see professional male strippers dance is the best research possible. Note what moves engage the crowd. You can also look online for recorded performances. Search for videos of male strippers. Videos that teach burlesque or hip-hop dances may also come in handy.
2-6. Plan out your routine.
Stripping is a performance, so looking appealing won't make you good on stage. You don't have to plan out every step of your dance, but you should have some ideas for flashy moves. Pick some engaging, entertaining moves and place them at certain spots during the songs.
For example, take off your jacket when the bass drops on the first song. When the second song begins, take off your shirt.
2-7. Practice your dancing.
Work on your routine every chance you get. Memorize the music so you never get lost during a performance. Focus on making your movements effortless while keeping your face oriented towards the audience. Remember to meet the eyes of audience members and smile so they feel special.
Practicing can be tough. Start out with people you trust, such as a significant other, a dance class, or a small group of friends.
3. Finding a Job
3-1. Get professional photos taken.
Headshots are as beneficial for strippers as they are for actors. Full-body shots are also necessary for this business. Agencies will use these to advertise you. They must not look cheap. Let a professional take them. Don't use lots of makeup or gimmicks. Smile and focus on the camera so your eyes look lively.
You should not bring your costume. In stripping, you will wear a lot of costumes, so using one now is limiting.
Get both black and white and color photos. Then have the company duplicate them.
3-2. Contact legitimate agencies in your area.
A good agency is vital for getting your name out there. There are many reputable agencies, but also some bad ones. Search online for information before calling or emailing a company. Check to make sure they're a registered Ltd or PLC company with liability insurance. Also ensure that they have good reviews from clients and performers.
Work for a company that put on regular shows like Dreamboys, this guarantees you weekly work
Stay away from companies that charge you to put up your photo or say you can't work for other agencies.
Companies that seem to advertise dozens of male strippers are also bad business. Chances are they won't have enough work to spread around.
3-3. Contact revue shows for opportunities.
Search out establishments that offer male stage performances. Tell the show organizer that you're interested in joining them. They can guide you in the right direction. Many times they'll let you into shows for free and let you watch. Sometimes they'll give you an audition.
Topless waiters work important jobs in many shows. Most likely, you will start as a waiter until you learn how to perform.
3-4. Speak to strippers in person.
Go out to the shows to see how they work. Speak to other performers. They'll be happy to guide you in the right direction and give you tips on how to improve. They might also be able to set up interviews with their organization or with venue owners.
Making friends with the other strippers will help you. They can guide you to performing opportunities that they can't do themselves.
3-5. Show up for bookings.
In the beginning, work will be hard to find. You will have to perform as a topless waiter or pick up work on short notice. If you want to get in the business, you need to show up to these events. Don't cancel at the last minute. A company that trusts you will give you more work. Losing that trust can be the difference between success or falling out of the industry.
4. Dealing with Clients
4-1. Socialize with your clients.
During performances, smile and look your clients in the eye. Show warmth and confidence. When you are not performing, talk to them. Keep the focus on them by asking questions like, “Tell me something interesting about yourself.” Making the client feel special makes your performance a success. They'll pay to see you and recommend you to others.
4-2. Treat all customers with respect.
As a stripper, you'll deal with a varying clientele. Depending on your situation, you may work for men or women. Client ages and behaviors will vary. Remember that your role as a performer is to please your customers. Maintain your charisma and smile as much as you can. Be courteous so the customers stay interested in your performance.
Treating a customer poorly breaks the illusion of connection they have with you as a performer. You'll lose their business and might begin to develop a bad reputation.
4-3. Go where your clients go after work.
As a stripper, you are essentially a salesman. You must do what it takes to bring people to your show or get them to buy your services. It can be helpful to spend time where you know your clients will be. Relax and spend time utilizing your social skills. When someone asks you what you do for a living, tell them and invite them.
Strip clubs are always a good locations for advertising, especially if you work there.
Different types of people frequent different venues. For example, if you want to perform for affluent, middle-aged women, try spending time at a wine bar.
4-4. Ignore people who aren't interested.
You can't please everybody. Customers have different desires in a stripper or show. Stay aware of which customers are enjoying your show. Disinterested customers won't look excited. They may be distracted on a phone or not smile at you when you interact with them. It's better for you to attend to the people who enjoy your performance, since these are the ones that will pay you.
4-5. Avoid romantic relationships with clients.
These types of romantic relationships aren't always bad, but it's easy to go overboard. In a charged atmosphere, you'll get plenty of customers who want more. These relationships can ruin the illusion of connection between stripper and customer. Remember that this is a job. Treat the clients well, but don't take advantage of them.
Tips
If you have a significant other, make sure they don't mind you stripping.
Being a good stripper requires hard work. You have to spend a lot of time keeping your body in shape and mastering dance routines.
Build up a wardrobe with a variety of outfits. This helps for private shows.
Warnings
Be careful of your surroundings. Traveling to locations can be dangerous. Leaving a club with tip money can also be dangerous.
Be aware of the law. Some jurisdictions have strict rules regarding nudity and touching in strip clubs.
Consider having a phone number or email that is tied to your stripper name and used only for stripping gigs. Giving out your personal information to too many clients could hurt you later.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:10",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Honing Your Body and Personality\\n1-1. Improve your social skills.\\nAs a performer, you will have to work half-naked in large and rowdy crowds. You also need to engage your customers one-on-one. Spend some time talking to strangers. Practice until you feel completely open about yourself. You need to be able to look anyone in the eye with a smile.\\nThe goal is to make customers feel special. Make conversations focus on the person you're speaking to rather than yourself.\\n1-2. Work your body into shape.\\nStrippers help people visualize their fantasies, so you need to look your best. Muscle mass is important. You don't need to look like the Incredible Hulk, but you'll need muscles and defined abs. Visit a gym and start lifting weights two or three times a week. When you aren't in the gym, keep active with other activities, such as running or swimming.\\nCustomers have varying tastes, so men with different body types can find work stripping.\\n1-3. Eat healthy food to lose body fat.\\nMinimize your body fat by putting down the bag of chips. Substitute fats, sugars, and salt for fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Increase your intake of lean protein. Chicken and fish are great options, as are lean cuts of beef, eggs, and almonds. Get whey protein powder and mix it into water for a snack.\\n1-4. Take dance lessons.\\nA successful performance includes smooth, appealing body movements. Seek out dance classes in your area so you can learn. Male burlesque or erotic dance classes will teach you a lot. Hip hop dance moves also show up in many stripper routines, so classes teaching them may be an option as well.\\nThese kinds of dance classes also serve as social exposure. Use it to get a sense of whether or not becoming a stripper is right for you.\\n1-5. Come up with a stage name.\\nYour stage name should be shorthand for your stripper persona. It'll be used to introduce you, so it should communicate what sort of experience people can expect. Many well-known strippers go by their actual names. This makes them identifiable, but a stage name can often do this while sounding more better. Choose a name that sounds alluring and exciting.\\nFor example, John Smith doesn't stand out. You can switch to a name like “Andre Knife” or “Damian Chase.”\\n2. Creating Your Dance Routine\\n2-1. Get a quality portable speaker.\\nPlaying dance music on your phone won't help your routine. Most clients won't have sound systems for you to borrow. Look for Bluetooth speakers. Good ones provide better sound quality, but also produce volume. The music has to be loud enough so you can hear it over your clients. Check online for reviews before committing to a speaker.\\nWhen you work in a stage performance, you won't have to provide a sound system. However, many strippers get work by traveling to private parties, so it helps to have a portable speaker.\\nBluetooth speakers can play songs you store on your phone. You may burn CDs and play these on regular speakers.\\n2-2. Assemble a costume.\\nThe first step to a good costume is authenticity. A Halloween costume won't do. Go online. Sometimes you can find authentic uniforms on sites such as eBay. Tear-away clothing is a popular option, and a tailor or seamstress can help you add snaps or Velcro. Complete the look with flashy, enticing underwear.\\nSome stage shows provide the costume. When you are starting out or working in someone's home, you will need to provide your own costume.\\nIt helps to acquire more costumes as you work. You can't please someone who wants a firefighter when all you have is a police uniform.\\n2-3. Choose songs that pull your routine's theme together.\\nThe songs should match the outfit you chose. A good song selection will make your routine feel cohesive. If your customers know these songs and can sing along to them, your dance will seem even better. The best songs are also ones that you enjoy dancing to, since that makes your performance more authentic.\\nFor example, a fireman routine could use songs like “Disco Inferno” or “Hot In Herre.”\\n2-4. Customize the songs into a mix.\\nGet a song mixing program. There are free options, such as Audacity or the GarageBand application. These allow you to cut up the songs and assemble them into a whole. Playing every song in its entirety doesn't work well. Instead, cut out the best parts and place them together so they flow well.\\nYou can also add sound effects to your songs. Go ahead and add a police siren or fire truck horn if it works well in your routine. These sounds can be found online.\\nIt's best to keep the music simple. It should not draw attention away from you.\\n2-5. Watch male stripper performances for dance move ideas.\\nGoing out to see professional male strippers dance is the best research possible. Note what moves engage the crowd. You can also look online for recorded performances. Search for videos of male strippers. Videos that teach burlesque or hip-hop dances may also come in handy.\\n2-6. Plan out your routine.\\nStripping is a performance, so looking appealing won't make you good on stage. You don't have to plan out every step of your dance, but you should have some ideas for flashy moves. Pick some engaging, entertaining moves and place them at certain spots during the songs.\\nFor example, take off your jacket when the bass drops on the first song. When the second song begins, take off your shirt.\\n2-7. Practice your dancing.\\nWork on your routine every chance you get. Memorize the music so you never get lost during a performance. Focus on making your movements effortless while keeping your face oriented towards the audience. Remember to meet the eyes of audience members and smile so they feel special.\\nPracticing can be tough. Start out with people you trust, such as a significant other, a dance class, or a small group of friends.\\n3. Finding a Job\\n3-1. Get professional photos taken.\\nHeadshots are as beneficial for strippers as they are for actors. Full-body shots are also necessary for this business. Agencies will use these to advertise you. They must not look cheap. Let a professional take them. Don't use lots of makeup or gimmicks. Smile and focus on the camera so your eyes look lively.\\nYou should not bring your costume. In stripping, you will wear a lot of costumes, so using one now is limiting.\\nGet both black and white and color photos. Then have the company duplicate them.\\n3-2. Contact legitimate agencies in your area.\\nA good agency is vital for getting your name out there. There are many reputable agencies, but also some bad ones. Search online for information before calling or emailing a company. Check to make sure they're a registered Ltd or PLC company with liability insurance. Also ensure that they have good reviews from clients and performers.\\nWork for a company that put on regular shows like Dreamboys, this guarantees you weekly work\\nStay away from companies that charge you to put up your photo or say you can't work for other agencies.\\nCompanies that seem to advertise dozens of male strippers are also bad business. Chances are they won't have enough work to spread around.\\n3-3. Contact revue shows for opportunities.\\nSearch out establishments that offer male stage performances. Tell the show organizer that you're interested in joining them. They can guide you in the right direction. Many times they'll let you into shows for free and let you watch. Sometimes they'll give you an audition.\\nTopless waiters work important jobs in many shows. Most likely, you will start as a waiter until you learn how to perform.\\n3-4. Speak to strippers in person.\\nGo out to the shows to see how they work. Speak to other performers. They'll be happy to guide you in the right direction and give you tips on how to improve. They might also be able to set up interviews with their organization or with venue owners.\\nMaking friends with the other strippers will help you. They can guide you to performing opportunities that they can't do themselves.\\n3-5. Show up for bookings.\\nIn the beginning, work will be hard to find. You will have to perform as a topless waiter or pick up work on short notice. If you want to get in the business, you need to show up to these events. Don't cancel at the last minute. A company that trusts you will give you more work. Losing that trust can be the difference between success or falling out of the industry.\\n4. Dealing with Clients\\n4-1. Socialize with your clients.\\nDuring performances, smile and look your clients in the eye. Show warmth and confidence. When you are not performing, talk to them. Keep the focus on them by asking questions like, “Tell me something interesting about yourself.” Making the client feel special makes your performance a success. They'll pay to see you and recommend you to others.\\n4-2. Treat all customers with respect.\\nAs a stripper, you'll deal with a varying clientele. Depending on your situation, you may work for men or women. Client ages and behaviors will vary. Remember that your role as a performer is to please your customers. Maintain your charisma and smile as much as you can. Be courteous so the customers stay interested in your performance.\\nTreating a customer poorly breaks the illusion of connection they have with you as a performer. You'll lose their business and might begin to develop a bad reputation.\\n4-3. Go where your clients go after work.\\nAs a stripper, you are essentially a salesman. You must do what it takes to bring people to your show or get them to buy your services. It can be helpful to spend time where you know your clients will be. Relax and spend time utilizing your social skills. When someone asks you what you do for a living, tell them and invite them.\\nStrip clubs are always a good locations for advertising, especially if you work there.\\nDifferent types of people frequent different venues. For example, if you want to perform for affluent, middle-aged women, try spending time at a wine bar.\\n4-4. Ignore people who aren't interested.\\nYou can't please everybody. Customers have different desires in a stripper or show. Stay aware of which customers are enjoying your show. Disinterested customers won't look excited. They may be distracted on a phone or not smile at you when you interact with them. It's better for you to attend to the people who enjoy your performance, since these are the ones that will pay you.\\n4-5. Avoid romantic relationships with clients.\\nThese types of romantic relationships aren't always bad, but it's easy to go overboard. In a charged atmosphere, you'll get plenty of customers who want more. These relationships can ruin the illusion of connection between stripper and customer. Remember that this is a job. Treat the clients well, but don't take advantage of them.\\nTips\\nIf you have a significant other, make sure they don't mind you stripping.\\nBeing a good stripper requires hard work. You have to spend a lot of time keeping your body in shape and mastering dance routines.\\nBuild up a wardrobe with a variety of outfits. This helps for private shows.\\nWarnings\\nBe careful of your surroundings. Traveling to locations can be dangerous. Leaving a club with tip money can also be dangerous.\\nBe aware of the law. Some jurisdictions have strict rules regarding nudity and touching in strip clubs.\\nConsider having a phone number or email that is tied to your stripper name and used only for stripping gigs. Giving out your personal information to too many clients could hurt you later.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Male strippers make their living embodying the fantasies of their customers. The job takes more than big muscles, and you should only try it if you enjoy being on stage in front of others. A successful stripper exercises regularly and maintains a charismatic persona. You also have to buy a costume and assemble a dance routine. Opportunities for stripping can be found by speaking to agencies, other strippers, and potential clients. By working hard and being open, you can become a successful stripper.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Honing Your Body and Personality\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Improve your social skills.\", \"描述\": \"As a performer, you will have to work half-naked in large and rowdy crowds. You also need to engage your customers one-on-one. Spend some time talking to strangers. Practice until you feel completely open about yourself. You need to be able to look anyone in the eye with a smile.\\nThe goal is to make customers feel special. Make conversations focus on the person you're speaking to rather than yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work your body into shape.\", \"描述\": \"Strippers help people visualize their fantasies, so you need to look your best. Muscle mass is important. You don't need to look like the Incredible Hulk, but you'll need muscles and defined abs. Visit a gym and start lifting weights two or three times a week. When you aren't in the gym, keep active with other activities, such as running or swimming.\\nCustomers have varying tastes, so men with different body types can find work stripping.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Eat healthy food to lose body fat.\", \"描述\": \"Minimize your body fat by putting down the bag of chips. Substitute fats, sugars, and salt for fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Increase your intake of lean protein. Chicken and fish are great options, as are lean cuts of beef, eggs, and almonds. Get whey protein powder and mix it into water for a snack.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take dance lessons.\", \"描述\": \"A successful performance includes smooth, appealing body movements. Seek out dance classes in your area so you can learn. Male burlesque or erotic dance classes will teach you a lot. Hip hop dance moves also show up in many stripper routines, so classes teaching them may be an option as well.\\nThese kinds of dance classes also serve as social exposure. Use it to get a sense of whether or not becoming a stripper is right for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Come up with a stage name.\", \"描述\": \"Your stage name should be shorthand for your stripper persona. It'll be used to introduce you, so it should communicate what sort of experience people can expect. Many well-known strippers go by their actual names. This makes them identifiable, but a stage name can often do this while sounding more better. Choose a name that sounds alluring and exciting.\\nFor example, John Smith doesn't stand out. You can switch to a name like “Andre Knife” or “Damian Chase.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Creating Your Dance Routine\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a quality portable speaker.\", \"描述\": \"Playing dance music on your phone won't help your routine. Most clients won't have sound systems for you to borrow. Look for Bluetooth speakers. Good ones provide better sound quality, but also produce volume. The music has to be loud enough so you can hear it over your clients. Check online for reviews before committing to a speaker.\\nWhen you work in a stage performance, you won't have to provide a sound system. However, many strippers get work by traveling to private parties, so it helps to have a portable speaker.\\nBluetooth speakers can play songs you store on your phone. You may burn CDs and play these on regular speakers.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Assemble a costume.\", \"描述\": \"The first step to a good costume is authenticity. A Halloween costume won't do. Go online. Sometimes you can find authentic uniforms on sites such as eBay. Tear-away clothing is a popular option, and a tailor or seamstress can help you add snaps or Velcro. Complete the look with flashy, enticing underwear.\\nSome stage shows provide the costume. When you are starting out or working in someone's home, you will need to provide your own costume.\\nIt helps to acquire more costumes as you work. You can't please someone who wants a firefighter when all you have is a police uniform.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose songs that pull your routine's theme together.\", \"描述\": \"The songs should match the outfit you chose. A good song selection will make your routine feel cohesive. If your customers know these songs and can sing along to them, your dance will seem even better. The best songs are also ones that you enjoy dancing to, since that makes your performance more authentic.\\nFor example, a fireman routine could use songs like “Disco Inferno” or “Hot In Herre.”\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Customize the songs into a mix.\", \"描述\": \"Get a song mixing program. There are free options, such as Audacity or the GarageBand application. These allow you to cut up the songs and assemble them into a whole. Playing every song in its entirety doesn't work well. Instead, cut out the best parts and place them together so they flow well.\\nYou can also add sound effects to your songs. Go ahead and add a police siren or fire truck horn if it works well in your routine. These sounds can be found online.\\nIt's best to keep the music simple. It should not draw attention away from you.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Watch male stripper performances for dance move ideas.\", \"描述\": \"Going out to see professional male strippers dance is the best research possible. Note what moves engage the crowd. You can also look online for recorded performances. Search for videos of male strippers. Videos that teach burlesque or hip-hop dances may also come in handy.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Plan out your routine.\", \"描述\": \"Stripping is a performance, so looking appealing won't make you good on stage. You don't have to plan out every step of your dance, but you should have some ideas for flashy moves. Pick some engaging, entertaining moves and place them at certain spots during the songs.\\nFor example, take off your jacket when the bass drops on the first song. When the second song begins, take off your shirt.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Practice your dancing.\", \"描述\": \"Work on your routine every chance you get. Memorize the music so you never get lost during a performance. Focus on making your movements effortless while keeping your face oriented towards the audience. Remember to meet the eyes of audience members and smile so they feel special.\\nPracticing can be tough. Start out with people you trust, such as a significant other, a dance class, or a small group of friends.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finding a Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get professional photos taken.\", \"描述\": \"Headshots are as beneficial for strippers as they are for actors. Full-body shots are also necessary for this business. Agencies will use these to advertise you. They must not look cheap. Let a professional take them. Don't use lots of makeup or gimmicks. Smile and focus on the camera so your eyes look lively.\\nYou should not bring your costume. In stripping, you will wear a lot of costumes, so using one now is limiting.\\nGet both black and white and color photos. Then have the company duplicate them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Contact legitimate agencies in your area.\", \"描述\": \"A good agency is vital for getting your name out there. There are many reputable agencies, but also some bad ones. Search online for information before calling or emailing a company. Check to make sure they're a registered Ltd or PLC company with liability insurance. Also ensure that they have good reviews from clients and performers.\\nWork for a company that put on regular shows like Dreamboys, this guarantees you weekly work\\nStay away from companies that charge you to put up your photo or say you can't work for other agencies.\\nCompanies that seem to advertise dozens of male strippers are also bad business. Chances are they won't have enough work to spread around.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Contact revue shows for opportunities.\", \"描述\": \"Search out establishments that offer male stage performances. Tell the show organizer that you're interested in joining them. They can guide you in the right direction. Many times they'll let you into shows for free and let you watch. Sometimes they'll give you an audition.\\nTopless waiters work important jobs in many shows. Most likely, you will start as a waiter until you learn how to perform.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Speak to strippers in person.\", \"描述\": \"Go out to the shows to see how they work. Speak to other performers. They'll be happy to guide you in the right direction and give you tips on how to improve. They might also be able to set up interviews with their organization or with venue owners.\\nMaking friends with the other strippers will help you. They can guide you to performing opportunities that they can't do themselves.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Show up for bookings.\", \"描述\": \"In the beginning, work will be hard to find. You will have to perform as a topless waiter or pick up work on short notice. If you want to get in the business, you need to show up to these events. Don't cancel at the last minute. A company that trusts you will give you more work. Losing that trust can be the difference between success or falling out of the industry.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Dealing with Clients\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Socialize with your clients.\", \"描述\": \"During performances, smile and look your clients in the eye. Show warmth and confidence. When you are not performing, talk to them. Keep the focus on them by asking questions like, “Tell me something interesting about yourself.” Making the client feel special makes your performance a success. They'll pay to see you and recommend you to others.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Treat all customers with respect.\", \"描述\": \"As a stripper, you'll deal with a varying clientele. Depending on your situation, you may work for men or women. Client ages and behaviors will vary. Remember that your role as a performer is to please your customers. Maintain your charisma and smile as much as you can. Be courteous so the customers stay interested in your performance.\\nTreating a customer poorly breaks the illusion of connection they have with you as a performer. You'll lose their business and might begin to develop a bad reputation.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Go where your clients go after work.\", \"描述\": \"As a stripper, you are essentially a salesman. You must do what it takes to bring people to your show or get them to buy your services. It can be helpful to spend time where you know your clients will be. Relax and spend time utilizing your social skills. When someone asks you what you do for a living, tell them and invite them.\\nStrip clubs are always a good locations for advertising, especially if you work there.\\nDifferent types of people frequent different venues. For example, if you want to perform for affluent, middle-aged women, try spending time at a wine bar.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ignore people who aren't interested.\", \"描述\": \"You can't please everybody. Customers have different desires in a stripper or show. Stay aware of which customers are enjoying your show. Disinterested customers won't look excited. They may be distracted on a phone or not smile at you when you interact with them. It's better for you to attend to the people who enjoy your performance, since these are the ones that will pay you.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Avoid romantic relationships with clients.\", \"描述\": \"These types of romantic relationships aren't always bad, but it's easy to go overboard. In a charged atmosphere, you'll get plenty of customers who want more. These relationships can ruin the illusion of connection between stripper and customer. Remember that this is a job. Treat the clients well, but don't take advantage of them.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you have a significant other, make sure they don't mind you stripping.\\n\", \"Being a good stripper requires hard work. You have to spend a lot of time keeping your body in shape and mastering dance routines.\\n\", \"Build up a wardrobe with a variety of outfits. This helps for private shows.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be careful of your surroundings. Traveling to locations can be dangerous. Leaving a club with tip money can also be dangerous.\\n\", \"Be aware of the law. Some jurisdictions have strict rules regarding nudity and touching in strip clubs.\\n\", \"Consider having a phone number or email that is tied to your stripper name and used only for stripping gigs. Giving out your personal information to too many clients could hurt you later.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,509 |
How to Become a Manager Without a Degree
|
1. Developing Managerial Skills
1-1. Work on your organizational skills.
Managers are responsible for many different things including setting goals, managing team members and tasks, monitoring progress towards goals, and dealing with problems as they arise. Work on your personal organizational skills. Keep track of personal tasks, to-do lists, deadlines, and other responsibilities to help you get everything done on time.
There are lots of tools you can use to help yourself be more organized. If you’re more old school, you can try using things like planners, calendars, and sticky notes to keep track of tasks, to-do lists, and goals. More modern options include smartphone apps and project management software that help you keep track of all your projects and their progress.
Examples of things you might need to organize and keep track of as a manager include team tasks, project deadlines, budget, and other resources.
1-2. Learn planning skills.
Many managers, especially senior managers, are involved in the strategic planning of a business organization. Learn how to plan by setting personal goals and objectives and outlining strategies to achieve them, then tracking your progress.
Junior managers are typically less involved in the setting of goals, but all managers need to know how to plan ways to achieve the goals that are handed down by more senior leadership.
For example, if you manage a sales team, you may need to plan how you are going to reach quarterly sales goals for the company.
1-3. Be a team player.
Good managers need to switch from having an individual employee mentality to thinking about things in a collective way. Managers are responsible for helping the people and projects they manage succeed for the good of the organization as a whole, so their jobs are no longer just about individual performance. Switch from thinking about what will just benefit you to what will benefit those around you as well.
You can think of this as switching from an “I” to a “we” mindset. Start making “we” statements and thinking about how “we” can achieve something instead of how “I” can do my job.
Examples of how you can be a team player include helping out others with their tasks and workloads, attributing wins to the whole team rather than just yourself, keeping your team informed, supporting and respecting others, and being reliable and responsible.
1-4. Develop your communication skills.
Communication is key when you have to manage people and projects. You need to be able to communicate in order to delegate tasks to team members as well as provide updates and reports to higher ups. Make eye contact and speak clearly and professionally in person and work on writing professional communications like emails or reports.
You will need to be able to communicate in a variety of settings to be a manager, including in-person, on calls, via email, in meetings, and one-on-one.
For example, if you want to be a social media marketing manager, you can practice writing up weekly professional reports on social media interactions and followings.
1-5. Build up your leadership skills.
Managers have to be good leaders in order to succeed. They must be able to lead a team, motivate people, and lead projects to success. Take on roles at work or in extracurricular activities that allow you to practice leadership skills like delegating tasks and guiding others.
If you’re not a natural leader, that’s OK. You can learn by observing other leaders in your job, such as managers or senior leadership members, and try to learn by imitation. You could even ask for a one-on-one meeting with someone who you look up to as a leader and ask them for tips about how they do their job.
For example, if you end up managing a team of sales associates at a shoe store, you will have to delegate who will handle what section of the store and provide sales goals for each employee.
If you don't have any opportunities at work to take on leadership roles, you could seek out other opportunities. For example, volunteer to be a team captain of a recreational sports team.
1-6. Be a decision maker.
Managers are ultimately responsible for making decisions, sometimes difficult ones. You need to be able to hire people, set priorities, settle disagreements, and sometimes fire people. Weigh the pros and cons of potential decisions and choose the one that will result in the best outcome.
In order to make good decisions as a manager, you’ll often have to look at things objectively and without emotional attachment. You’ll need to make decisions for the good of the team and the company, rather than for yourself.
For example, if you become a manager of a team that receives a budget cut and you have to let someone go, you will have to evaluate each team member’s performance to decide who is contributing the least to the team, even if there is nobody that you particularly feel like should be fired.
1-7. Grow your confidence.
Confidence is a trait of all good managers that connects to almost all the other important managerial skills. You need confidence to be a leader, make decisions, plan, and communicate in order to guide your team and projects to success. Step out of your comfort zone regularly and try new things to build confidence in unfamiliar or uncomfortable circumstances.
You can do this by doing 1 thing that scares you every day. You will eventually feel confident and less shy about taking on challenges and handling uncomfortable situations, as you will have to do as a manager.
2. Proving Yourself at Work
2-1. Take responsibility for yourself and your actions.
You’ll be largely responsible for the actions of your team and their outcomes as a manager. Start now by always taking responsibility for your own actions, no matter their outcomes, to show that you own up to your decisions and don’t try to make excuses when something goes wrong.
This will also make others around you respect you more, so they’ll be more willing to follow you when you move up to a leadership role.
2-2. Exceed the expectations for your job.
Always try to go above and beyond while carrying out your daily tasks by doing more than the bare minimum. Look for extra work to do, get ahead on the next day's tasks, or help out your teammates. This will show your worth as an employee to higher ups as well as demonstrate your ability to take on more responsibilities and be a team player.
You can do this by following the 110% rule. This means always do 100% of what’s expected of you, then do 10% more.
2-3. Look for solutions to problems.
Supervisors and managers appreciate people who find solutions to problems on their own, rather than bringing problems for them to solve. Look for company processes that need improving, then come up with ideas to make them work better.
For example, if you notice a certain process like sending sales reports is taking much longer than it needs to and wasting employees’ time, find a way to speed it up by automating or streamlining certain parts. Present your proposed solution to your manager or supervisor and explain why you think it will improve things.
2-4. Help others and be a mentor to new employees.
Help other team members get things done when you have extra time to show that you’re a team player. Volunteer to take new employees under your wing to help train them and show them the ropes to show your leadership skills.
This will also demonstrate your interpersonal and communication skills, as well as help you maintain a good rapport with coworkers. All of these things will help prove you are ready for management responsibilities.
2-5. Volunteer for leadership roles.
Look out for opportunities to take on more leadership responsibilities in your team and within the company, such as when your supervisor or manager asks for someone to take on a task that is not part of their job description. Volunteer for these roles and responsibilities to show your ability to do more than just your individual tasks.
For example, if your manager or supervisor asks for a volunteer to take on some of the team’s reporting duties, volunteer yourself to do this.
These types of leadership duties could also fall outside of your specific job or team responsibilities. For example, if your organization needs someone to help organize a company holiday party, you could volunteer to do this.
3. Getting a Management Position without a Degree
3-1. Start in an entry-level position.
You’ll need to start out at the bottom in order to work your way up to a management role without a degree. This is your opportunity to learn all the ins and outs of the job, the company, and prove your worth to higher ups to show that you will make a good manager. Apply for an entry-level job in the field you want to become a manager in to get your foot in the door.
You can do this in any industry that you want to pursue a management career in. Pick something that you have an interest in and preferably have at least a base level of knowledge and experience in.
3-2. Tell your superiors you are interested in becoming a manager.
Make sure that your superiors know your aspirations to become a manager by telling them clearly that you are interested in moving up from your entry-level position. They’ll be able to help you develop your skills, give you responsibilities to prepare you, and eventually consider you for any open management positions within the company.
You could even ask if there is an opportunity for you to take on a mentor who is already a manager in the organization. You could shadow them to learn about their job duties and help them out with certain tasks to develop your skills.
3-3. Apply for open management positions when they arise.
Wait until there is a management position available at your current company. Complete all the required steps of the application process to apply.
Make sure to update your resume with any specific achievements you’ve made during your time at the company and any additional skills and qualifications that you’ve gained. You may be the best candidate in the applicant pool if you have relevant experience.
Ask your manager or supervisor to put in a good word for you with HR.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Developing Managerial Skills\\n1-1. Work on your organizational skills.\\nManagers are responsible for many different things including setting goals, managing team members and tasks, monitoring progress towards goals, and dealing with problems as they arise. Work on your personal organizational skills. Keep track of personal tasks, to-do lists, deadlines, and other responsibilities to help you get everything done on time.\\nThere are lots of tools you can use to help yourself be more organized. If you’re more old school, you can try using things like planners, calendars, and sticky notes to keep track of tasks, to-do lists, and goals. More modern options include smartphone apps and project management software that help you keep track of all your projects and their progress.\\nExamples of things you might need to organize and keep track of as a manager include team tasks, project deadlines, budget, and other resources.\\n1-2. Learn planning skills.\\nMany managers, especially senior managers, are involved in the strategic planning of a business organization. Learn how to plan by setting personal goals and objectives and outlining strategies to achieve them, then tracking your progress.\\nJunior managers are typically less involved in the setting of goals, but all managers need to know how to plan ways to achieve the goals that are handed down by more senior leadership.\\nFor example, if you manage a sales team, you may need to plan how you are going to reach quarterly sales goals for the company.\\n1-3. Be a team player.\\nGood managers need to switch from having an individual employee mentality to thinking about things in a collective way. Managers are responsible for helping the people and projects they manage succeed for the good of the organization as a whole, so their jobs are no longer just about individual performance. Switch from thinking about what will just benefit you to what will benefit those around you as well.\\nYou can think of this as switching from an “I” to a “we” mindset. Start making “we” statements and thinking about how “we” can achieve something instead of how “I” can do my job.\\nExamples of how you can be a team player include helping out others with their tasks and workloads, attributing wins to the whole team rather than just yourself, keeping your team informed, supporting and respecting others, and being reliable and responsible.\\n1-4. Develop your communication skills.\\nCommunication is key when you have to manage people and projects. You need to be able to communicate in order to delegate tasks to team members as well as provide updates and reports to higher ups. Make eye contact and speak clearly and professionally in person and work on writing professional communications like emails or reports.\\nYou will need to be able to communicate in a variety of settings to be a manager, including in-person, on calls, via email, in meetings, and one-on-one.\\nFor example, if you want to be a social media marketing manager, you can practice writing up weekly professional reports on social media interactions and followings.\\n1-5. Build up your leadership skills.\\nManagers have to be good leaders in order to succeed. They must be able to lead a team, motivate people, and lead projects to success. Take on roles at work or in extracurricular activities that allow you to practice leadership skills like delegating tasks and guiding others.\\nIf you’re not a natural leader, that’s OK. You can learn by observing other leaders in your job, such as managers or senior leadership members, and try to learn by imitation. You could even ask for a one-on-one meeting with someone who you look up to as a leader and ask them for tips about how they do their job.\\nFor example, if you end up managing a team of sales associates at a shoe store, you will have to delegate who will handle what section of the store and provide sales goals for each employee.\\nIf you don't have any opportunities at work to take on leadership roles, you could seek out other opportunities. For example, volunteer to be a team captain of a recreational sports team.\\n1-6. Be a decision maker.\\nManagers are ultimately responsible for making decisions, sometimes difficult ones. You need to be able to hire people, set priorities, settle disagreements, and sometimes fire people. Weigh the pros and cons of potential decisions and choose the one that will result in the best outcome.\\nIn order to make good decisions as a manager, you’ll often have to look at things objectively and without emotional attachment. You’ll need to make decisions for the good of the team and the company, rather than for yourself.\\nFor example, if you become a manager of a team that receives a budget cut and you have to let someone go, you will have to evaluate each team member’s performance to decide who is contributing the least to the team, even if there is nobody that you particularly feel like should be fired.\\n1-7. Grow your confidence.\\nConfidence is a trait of all good managers that connects to almost all the other important managerial skills. You need confidence to be a leader, make decisions, plan, and communicate in order to guide your team and projects to success. Step out of your comfort zone regularly and try new things to build confidence in unfamiliar or uncomfortable circumstances.\\nYou can do this by doing 1 thing that scares you every day. You will eventually feel confident and less shy about taking on challenges and handling uncomfortable situations, as you will have to do as a manager.\\n2. Proving Yourself at Work\\n2-1. Take responsibility for yourself and your actions.\\nYou’ll be largely responsible for the actions of your team and their outcomes as a manager. Start now by always taking responsibility for your own actions, no matter their outcomes, to show that you own up to your decisions and don’t try to make excuses when something goes wrong.\\nThis will also make others around you respect you more, so they’ll be more willing to follow you when you move up to a leadership role.\\n2-2. Exceed the expectations for your job.\\nAlways try to go above and beyond while carrying out your daily tasks by doing more than the bare minimum. Look for extra work to do, get ahead on the next day's tasks, or help out your teammates. This will show your worth as an employee to higher ups as well as demonstrate your ability to take on more responsibilities and be a team player.\\nYou can do this by following the 110% rule. This means always do 100% of what’s expected of you, then do 10% more.\\n2-3. Look for solutions to problems.\\nSupervisors and managers appreciate people who find solutions to problems on their own, rather than bringing problems for them to solve. Look for company processes that need improving, then come up with ideas to make them work better.\\nFor example, if you notice a certain process like sending sales reports is taking much longer than it needs to and wasting employees’ time, find a way to speed it up by automating or streamlining certain parts. Present your proposed solution to your manager or supervisor and explain why you think it will improve things.\\n2-4. Help others and be a mentor to new employees.\\nHelp other team members get things done when you have extra time to show that you’re a team player. Volunteer to take new employees under your wing to help train them and show them the ropes to show your leadership skills.\\nThis will also demonstrate your interpersonal and communication skills, as well as help you maintain a good rapport with coworkers. All of these things will help prove you are ready for management responsibilities.\\n2-5. Volunteer for leadership roles.\\nLook out for opportunities to take on more leadership responsibilities in your team and within the company, such as when your supervisor or manager asks for someone to take on a task that is not part of their job description. Volunteer for these roles and responsibilities to show your ability to do more than just your individual tasks.\\nFor example, if your manager or supervisor asks for a volunteer to take on some of the team’s reporting duties, volunteer yourself to do this.\\nThese types of leadership duties could also fall outside of your specific job or team responsibilities. For example, if your organization needs someone to help organize a company holiday party, you could volunteer to do this.\\n3. Getting a Management Position without a Degree\\n3-1. Start in an entry-level position.\\nYou’ll need to start out at the bottom in order to work your way up to a management role without a degree. This is your opportunity to learn all the ins and outs of the job, the company, and prove your worth to higher ups to show that you will make a good manager. Apply for an entry-level job in the field you want to become a manager in to get your foot in the door.\\nYou can do this in any industry that you want to pursue a management career in. Pick something that you have an interest in and preferably have at least a base level of knowledge and experience in.\\n3-2. Tell your superiors you are interested in becoming a manager.\\nMake sure that your superiors know your aspirations to become a manager by telling them clearly that you are interested in moving up from your entry-level position. They’ll be able to help you develop your skills, give you responsibilities to prepare you, and eventually consider you for any open management positions within the company.\\nYou could even ask if there is an opportunity for you to take on a mentor who is already a manager in the organization. You could shadow them to learn about their job duties and help them out with certain tasks to develop your skills.\\n3-3. Apply for open management positions when they arise.\\nWait until there is a management position available at your current company. Complete all the required steps of the application process to apply.\\nMake sure to update your resume with any specific achievements you’ve made during your time at the company and any additional skills and qualifications that you’ve gained. You may be the best candidate in the applicant pool if you have relevant experience.\\nAsk your manager or supervisor to put in a good word for you with HR.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Managers manage people and projects within an organization to achieve the goals of the company. Having some kind of management degree definitely helps when you want to become a manager, but it is not always necessary. You can become a manager without a degree and with no prior experience by developing managerial skills so that you will be able to handle the many different responsibilities of a management position and execute your job well. Then, work your way up to a management role within an organization by proving you are ready for it. With patience, time, and commitment, you can certainly become a manager without a degree.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Developing Managerial Skills\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work on your organizational skills.\", \"描述\": \"Managers are responsible for many different things including setting goals, managing team members and tasks, monitoring progress towards goals, and dealing with problems as they arise. Work on your personal organizational skills. Keep track of personal tasks, to-do lists, deadlines, and other responsibilities to help you get everything done on time.\\nThere are lots of tools you can use to help yourself be more organized. If you’re more old school, you can try using things like planners, calendars, and sticky notes to keep track of tasks, to-do lists, and goals. More modern options include smartphone apps and project management software that help you keep track of all your projects and their progress.\\nExamples of things you might need to organize and keep track of as a manager include team tasks, project deadlines, budget, and other resources.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn planning skills.\", \"描述\": \"Many managers, especially senior managers, are involved in the strategic planning of a business organization. Learn how to plan by setting personal goals and objectives and outlining strategies to achieve them, then tracking your progress.\\nJunior managers are typically less involved in the setting of goals, but all managers need to know how to plan ways to achieve the goals that are handed down by more senior leadership.\\nFor example, if you manage a sales team, you may need to plan how you are going to reach quarterly sales goals for the company.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be a team player.\", \"描述\": \"Good managers need to switch from having an individual employee mentality to thinking about things in a collective way. Managers are responsible for helping the people and projects they manage succeed for the good of the organization as a whole, so their jobs are no longer just about individual performance. Switch from thinking about what will just benefit you to what will benefit those around you as well.\\nYou can think of this as switching from an “I” to a “we” mindset. Start making “we” statements and thinking about how “we” can achieve something instead of how “I” can do my job.\\nExamples of how you can be a team player include helping out others with their tasks and workloads, attributing wins to the whole team rather than just yourself, keeping your team informed, supporting and respecting others, and being reliable and responsible.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Develop your communication skills.\", \"描述\": \"Communication is key when you have to manage people and projects. You need to be able to communicate in order to delegate tasks to team members as well as provide updates and reports to higher ups. Make eye contact and speak clearly and professionally in person and work on writing professional communications like emails or reports.\\nYou will need to be able to communicate in a variety of settings to be a manager, including in-person, on calls, via email, in meetings, and one-on-one.\\nFor example, if you want to be a social media marketing manager, you can practice writing up weekly professional reports on social media interactions and followings.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Build up your leadership skills.\", \"描述\": \"Managers have to be good leaders in order to succeed. They must be able to lead a team, motivate people, and lead projects to success. Take on roles at work or in extracurricular activities that allow you to practice leadership skills like delegating tasks and guiding others.\\nIf you’re not a natural leader, that’s OK. You can learn by observing other leaders in your job, such as managers or senior leadership members, and try to learn by imitation. You could even ask for a one-on-one meeting with someone who you look up to as a leader and ask them for tips about how they do their job.\\nFor example, if you end up managing a team of sales associates at a shoe store, you will have to delegate who will handle what section of the store and provide sales goals for each employee.\\nIf you don't have any opportunities at work to take on leadership roles, you could seek out other opportunities. For example, volunteer to be a team captain of a recreational sports team.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Be a decision maker.\", \"描述\": \"Managers are ultimately responsible for making decisions, sometimes difficult ones. You need to be able to hire people, set priorities, settle disagreements, and sometimes fire people. Weigh the pros and cons of potential decisions and choose the one that will result in the best outcome.\\nIn order to make good decisions as a manager, you’ll often have to look at things objectively and without emotional attachment. You’ll need to make decisions for the good of the team and the company, rather than for yourself.\\nFor example, if you become a manager of a team that receives a budget cut and you have to let someone go, you will have to evaluate each team member’s performance to decide who is contributing the least to the team, even if there is nobody that you particularly feel like should be fired.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Grow your confidence.\", \"描述\": \"Confidence is a trait of all good managers that connects to almost all the other important managerial skills. You need confidence to be a leader, make decisions, plan, and communicate in order to guide your team and projects to success. Step out of your comfort zone regularly and try new things to build confidence in unfamiliar or uncomfortable circumstances.\\nYou can do this by doing 1 thing that scares you every day. You will eventually feel confident and less shy about taking on challenges and handling uncomfortable situations, as you will have to do as a manager.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Proving Yourself at Work\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take responsibility for yourself and your actions.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll be largely responsible for the actions of your team and their outcomes as a manager. Start now by always taking responsibility for your own actions, no matter their outcomes, to show that you own up to your decisions and don’t try to make excuses when something goes wrong.\\nThis will also make others around you respect you more, so they’ll be more willing to follow you when you move up to a leadership role.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Exceed the expectations for your job.\", \"描述\": \"Always try to go above and beyond while carrying out your daily tasks by doing more than the bare minimum. Look for extra work to do, get ahead on the next day's tasks, or help out your teammates. This will show your worth as an employee to higher ups as well as demonstrate your ability to take on more responsibilities and be a team player.\\nYou can do this by following the 110% rule. This means always do 100% of what’s expected of you, then do 10% more.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for solutions to problems.\", \"描述\": \"Supervisors and managers appreciate people who find solutions to problems on their own, rather than bringing problems for them to solve. Look for company processes that need improving, then come up with ideas to make them work better.\\nFor example, if you notice a certain process like sending sales reports is taking much longer than it needs to and wasting employees’ time, find a way to speed it up by automating or streamlining certain parts. Present your proposed solution to your manager or supervisor and explain why you think it will improve things.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Help others and be a mentor to new employees.\", \"描述\": \"Help other team members get things done when you have extra time to show that you’re a team player. Volunteer to take new employees under your wing to help train them and show them the ropes to show your leadership skills.\\nThis will also demonstrate your interpersonal and communication skills, as well as help you maintain a good rapport with coworkers. All of these things will help prove you are ready for management responsibilities.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Volunteer for leadership roles.\", \"描述\": \"Look out for opportunities to take on more leadership responsibilities in your team and within the company, such as when your supervisor or manager asks for someone to take on a task that is not part of their job description. Volunteer for these roles and responsibilities to show your ability to do more than just your individual tasks.\\nFor example, if your manager or supervisor asks for a volunteer to take on some of the team’s reporting duties, volunteer yourself to do this.\\nThese types of leadership duties could also fall outside of your specific job or team responsibilities. For example, if your organization needs someone to help organize a company holiday party, you could volunteer to do this.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting a Management Position without a Degree\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start in an entry-level position.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to start out at the bottom in order to work your way up to a management role without a degree. This is your opportunity to learn all the ins and outs of the job, the company, and prove your worth to higher ups to show that you will make a good manager. Apply for an entry-level job in the field you want to become a manager in to get your foot in the door.\\nYou can do this in any industry that you want to pursue a management career in. Pick something that you have an interest in and preferably have at least a base level of knowledge and experience in.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tell your superiors you are interested in becoming a manager.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure that your superiors know your aspirations to become a manager by telling them clearly that you are interested in moving up from your entry-level position. They’ll be able to help you develop your skills, give you responsibilities to prepare you, and eventually consider you for any open management positions within the company.\\nYou could even ask if there is an opportunity for you to take on a mentor who is already a manager in the organization. You could shadow them to learn about their job duties and help them out with certain tasks to develop your skills.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply for open management positions when they arise.\", \"描述\": \"Wait until there is a management position available at your current company. Complete all the required steps of the application process to apply.\\nMake sure to update your resume with any specific achievements you’ve made during your time at the company and any additional skills and qualifications that you’ve gained. You may be the best candidate in the applicant pool if you have relevant experience.\\nAsk your manager or supervisor to put in a good word for you with HR.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,510 |
How to Become a Mangaka
|
1. Gaining Experience
1-1. Take appropriate courses in high school.
While you're still in high school, start building your artistic skills by taking art classes. Drawing and painting would both be helpful for building your skill set to draw manga art, and even a general art class could potentially help you build skills.
In addition, take literature and writing courses. As a mangaka, you'll be creating a story line, as well, so make sure to spend time focusing on how to develop a story.
1-2. Seek out others with similar interests.
Working with other people on similar goals can help encourage you in yours. In addition, you can learn new skills from other people in the group. Try to find a group interested in manga at your school or in your area. You could also join an art club to help increase your skills.
If you can't find one to join, consider creating one. There's bound to be others who have similar interests.
Look for classes or groups at your local library or with your park and recreation department.
1-3. Consider an art degree.
While you don't absolutely need a degree to be a mangaka, formal education can help give you the professional skills you need. A bachelor's degree in fine arts is a good choice, as it will help you build up your artistic skills. However, you can also go much more specific. A number of universities in the United States offer degrees in comic art, and if you're willing to travel to Japan, you can earn bachelor's or master's degrees specifically in manga art.
In addition, think about double majoring or minoring in literature or writing. Developing your writing skills will be helpful in writing stories later.
1-4. Practice your drawing.
Formal schooling increases your skill set, but so does practicing on your own. Just like learning an instrument, practicing drawing will make you better over time. You can start out by imitating characters you like, but you can move on to creating your own characters and panels.
In fact, comic artists recommend putting in practice every day. Make sure you are setting aside at least an hour a day to work on your artwork.
1-5. Use free resources.
You don't need formal education to learn from professionals. You'll find many resources are available to you for free. You can find online courses for free on sites like YouTube, Coursera, and Princeton's website, all of which you can use to develop your drawing skills. You'll also find resources available at your local library. Make use of the resources available to develop your skills.
Don't just get books on drawing. Look at books on writing comic books, as well as books just on writing.
If your library doesn't have what you want, most libraries will order books from other libraries for you to use.
If you are wanting to become a mangaka, you obviously have some familiarity with the genre. Nonetheless, make sure you are reading widely in the genre to see what is getting published. Don't just read your favorite mangas over and over. Branch out into ones you normally wouldn't be drawn to, just to see what else manga has to offer. Plus, exposing yourself to different styles will help you work towards your own style.
2. Create Your Own Manga
2-1. Brainstorm ideas for plot.
Even though manga comics are visual-based, you still need a plot to drive the story. Think about the stories that you love to read, and how you can make your own contribution. Manga has a wide variety of stories, from horror to love stories, so feel free to let your brain run wild. The key is to be thinking about your story all the time. If you limit your brainstorming to just when you sit down to write the story, you're not giving your creativity the time it needs to build a good story.
Try starting with one idea on a piece of paper. Build off that idea by connecting dots to other ideas you come up with.
Another way to get your creativity flowing is just to free write. Start with a word or image, and just start writing until you hit on something you like. Once you do, start developing that idea.
Pick an idea you enjoy. Working on your own manga is going to take some hard work. If you don't pick an idea you love, you'll have a hard time motivating yourself to work on it.
2-2. Plot out a story.
Once you have an idea for a story, you need to work beyond that because manga comics generally need more planning than a normal novel. You need to create an outline of how your story is going to move from beginning to end.
Start by figuring out the main plot points. What's the driving force of your story? What are the major events? Make sure to include setting, as well. Think about the background you want for your setting and how that will affect your story. For example, an urban setting is very different from a rural setting in terms of story.
Move on to going scene-by-scene, so you have an idea of what the main scenes will look like.
2-3. Make your characters.
When creating your characters, you need to think both about their place in the story (personality) and their physical appearance. To keep them consistent throughout your story, you should develop character sheets that outline both types of traits.
For appearance, you can simply draw the character in a model or turnaround sheet. Basically, you draw the character from every angle, figuring out clothing, hair, and proportion, so that you can recreate the character in the same manner throughout your manga. You can also create a 3D model using something like clay instead.
For their personality and personal traits, write down traits for the character, such as personality quirks, personal beliefs, religion, favorite foods and color, and so on. Don't forget things like personality flaws. No one is perfect, and no character should be either. Also, think about things like motivation.
Create sheets for all your characters, but make sure your main characters are the most fleshed out.
2-4. Develop a style.
Really, developing a style comes from drawing for a while, and using your creativity to figure out what you like. However, it's important to pick something that's doable. You don't want to start on a style that's hard for you to maintain over time. Use one that you enjoy and find easy to draw.
That doesn't mean that it must look simple, just that it's simple enough that you can put in the hours it takes to draw it through a whole story or a series of stories.
Explore different styles. Once you see what others do, you can see what you like and don't like. That will help you figure out what you like in your own style. Try not to just copy any one style exactly. You want yours to be unique in some aspect.
2-5. Create your manga.
Working scene by scene, create your manga. Begin by sketching out the scenes, blocking where the dialogue and characters will go; remember, you're just creating a bare-bones sketch to see where things will go. Move on to fully drawing out the scenes, but use pencil so that you can make changes. Later, fill in with ink and color. Many mangas are not colored, due to cost restrictions, so you can work just in black and white if you prefer. In fact, many publishers prefer black and white. How you create your manga is up to you, as many manga artists work in digital formats nowadays.
If you prefer to work digitally, consider using a manga drawing app. These tools are designed for creating comics, so they will make it easier for you to work.
Don't forget to make your text legible. If people can't read your text, they won't read your comic.
3. Getting Your Work Published
3-1. Get your work ready for a publisher.
When looking at publishers, consider what types of work they tend to print, and then pick one that fits your style and theme. Make sure you follow all their guidelines to the letter, including maturity level. For instance, most will want PG or PG13.
Most publishers will want a copy of your manga, not the original. You can make a copy on a high quality copier or use a laser printer.
Pay attention to sizing formats for the company you are sending it to.
Most companies will expect you to have the basics of drawing down, such as proper proportions. If you aren't there yet, you may want to wait awhile.
3-2. Present it to a publisher.
One simple way to find a publisher or magazine you want to contact is to look at the back of your favorite mangas. You can call up the publisher and schedule an appointment to be seen and show your work. It's actually a common practice, and many mangakas began in this manner. You can also look them up online.
You need to have your work ready to show. It may not be published, but many publishers will give you advice on how to do better. Others will hire you to work for them.
If you can't visit in person, many publishers take submissions by mail.
3-3. Enter competitions.
Some people become mangakas by submitting their work through contests run by the publishers. Most contests will focus on Japanese-language contests, but a few accept submissions in other languages. Sometimes, mangakas are hired from these contests.
Morning Manga and Comic Zenon both sponsor manga contests in other languages, so find their websites if you want to learn more.
3-4. Consider self-publishing.
Self-publishing is becoming more popular in all writing and comic book genres, especially in a digital world where you can do so much on your own personal computer. You can do the same thing with manga, and sometimes, you can even be recruited to be a mangaka from your online work.
If you self-publish, you can either take the route of an ebook, or you can publish a serial manga on a blog. You can self-publish ebooks through sites like Ebooks Direct or Amazon. You can publish free blogs through any number of sites, even sites like Blogger or Tumblr.
If you take this route, you'll need to market yourself on platforms like social media by posting about your work and encouraging others to read and follow you.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Gaining Experience\\n1-1. Take appropriate courses in high school.\\nWhile you're still in high school, start building your artistic skills by taking art classes. Drawing and painting would both be helpful for building your skill set to draw manga art, and even a general art class could potentially help you build skills.\\nIn addition, take literature and writing courses. As a mangaka, you'll be creating a story line, as well, so make sure to spend time focusing on how to develop a story.\\n1-2. Seek out others with similar interests.\\nWorking with other people on similar goals can help encourage you in yours. In addition, you can learn new skills from other people in the group. Try to find a group interested in manga at your school or in your area. You could also join an art club to help increase your skills.\\nIf you can't find one to join, consider creating one. There's bound to be others who have similar interests.\\nLook for classes or groups at your local library or with your park and recreation department.\\n1-3. Consider an art degree.\\nWhile you don't absolutely need a degree to be a mangaka, formal education can help give you the professional skills you need. A bachelor's degree in fine arts is a good choice, as it will help you build up your artistic skills. However, you can also go much more specific. A number of universities in the United States offer degrees in comic art, and if you're willing to travel to Japan, you can earn bachelor's or master's degrees specifically in manga art.\\nIn addition, think about double majoring or minoring in literature or writing. Developing your writing skills will be helpful in writing stories later.\\n1-4. Practice your drawing.\\nFormal schooling increases your skill set, but so does practicing on your own. Just like learning an instrument, practicing drawing will make you better over time. You can start out by imitating characters you like, but you can move on to creating your own characters and panels.\\nIn fact, comic artists recommend putting in practice every day. Make sure you are setting aside at least an hour a day to work on your artwork.\\n1-5. Use free resources.\\nYou don't need formal education to learn from professionals. You'll find many resources are available to you for free. You can find online courses for free on sites like YouTube, Coursera, and Princeton's website, all of which you can use to develop your drawing skills. You'll also find resources available at your local library. Make use of the resources available to develop your skills.\\nDon't just get books on drawing. Look at books on writing comic books, as well as books just on writing.\\nIf your library doesn't have what you want, most libraries will order books from other libraries for you to use.\\nIf you are wanting to become a mangaka, you obviously have some familiarity with the genre. Nonetheless, make sure you are reading widely in the genre to see what is getting published. Don't just read your favorite mangas over and over. Branch out into ones you normally wouldn't be drawn to, just to see what else manga has to offer. Plus, exposing yourself to different styles will help you work towards your own style.\\n2. Create Your Own Manga\\n2-1. Brainstorm ideas for plot.\\nEven though manga comics are visual-based, you still need a plot to drive the story. Think about the stories that you love to read, and how you can make your own contribution. Manga has a wide variety of stories, from horror to love stories, so feel free to let your brain run wild. The key is to be thinking about your story all the time. If you limit your brainstorming to just when you sit down to write the story, you're not giving your creativity the time it needs to build a good story.\\nTry starting with one idea on a piece of paper. Build off that idea by connecting dots to other ideas you come up with.\\nAnother way to get your creativity flowing is just to free write. Start with a word or image, and just start writing until you hit on something you like. Once you do, start developing that idea.\\nPick an idea you enjoy. Working on your own manga is going to take some hard work. If you don't pick an idea you love, you'll have a hard time motivating yourself to work on it.\\n2-2. Plot out a story.\\nOnce you have an idea for a story, you need to work beyond that because manga comics generally need more planning than a normal novel. You need to create an outline of how your story is going to move from beginning to end.\\nStart by figuring out the main plot points. What's the driving force of your story? What are the major events? Make sure to include setting, as well. Think about the background you want for your setting and how that will affect your story. For example, an urban setting is very different from a rural setting in terms of story.\\nMove on to going scene-by-scene, so you have an idea of what the main scenes will look like.\\n2-3. Make your characters.\\nWhen creating your characters, you need to think both about their place in the story (personality) and their physical appearance. To keep them consistent throughout your story, you should develop character sheets that outline both types of traits.\\nFor appearance, you can simply draw the character in a model or turnaround sheet. Basically, you draw the character from every angle, figuring out clothing, hair, and proportion, so that you can recreate the character in the same manner throughout your manga. You can also create a 3D model using something like clay instead.\\nFor their personality and personal traits, write down traits for the character, such as personality quirks, personal beliefs, religion, favorite foods and color, and so on. Don't forget things like personality flaws. No one is perfect, and no character should be either. Also, think about things like motivation.\\nCreate sheets for all your characters, but make sure your main characters are the most fleshed out.\\n2-4. Develop a style.\\nReally, developing a style comes from drawing for a while, and using your creativity to figure out what you like. However, it's important to pick something that's doable. You don't want to start on a style that's hard for you to maintain over time. Use one that you enjoy and find easy to draw.\\nThat doesn't mean that it must look simple, just that it's simple enough that you can put in the hours it takes to draw it through a whole story or a series of stories.\\nExplore different styles. Once you see what others do, you can see what you like and don't like. That will help you figure out what you like in your own style. Try not to just copy any one style exactly. You want yours to be unique in some aspect.\\n2-5. Create your manga.\\nWorking scene by scene, create your manga. Begin by sketching out the scenes, blocking where the dialogue and characters will go; remember, you're just creating a bare-bones sketch to see where things will go. Move on to fully drawing out the scenes, but use pencil so that you can make changes. Later, fill in with ink and color. Many mangas are not colored, due to cost restrictions, so you can work just in black and white if you prefer. In fact, many publishers prefer black and white. How you create your manga is up to you, as many manga artists work in digital formats nowadays.\\nIf you prefer to work digitally, consider using a manga drawing app. These tools are designed for creating comics, so they will make it easier for you to work.\\nDon't forget to make your text legible. If people can't read your text, they won't read your comic.\\n3. Getting Your Work Published\\n3-1. Get your work ready for a publisher.\\nWhen looking at publishers, consider what types of work they tend to print, and then pick one that fits your style and theme. Make sure you follow all their guidelines to the letter, including maturity level. For instance, most will want PG or PG13.\\nMost publishers will want a copy of your manga, not the original. You can make a copy on a high quality copier or use a laser printer.\\nPay attention to sizing formats for the company you are sending it to.\\nMost companies will expect you to have the basics of drawing down, such as proper proportions. If you aren't there yet, you may want to wait awhile.\\n3-2. Present it to a publisher.\\nOne simple way to find a publisher or magazine you want to contact is to look at the back of your favorite mangas. You can call up the publisher and schedule an appointment to be seen and show your work. It's actually a common practice, and many mangakas began in this manner. You can also look them up online.\\nYou need to have your work ready to show. It may not be published, but many publishers will give you advice on how to do better. Others will hire you to work for them.\\nIf you can't visit in person, many publishers take submissions by mail.\\n3-3. Enter competitions.\\nSome people become mangakas by submitting their work through contests run by the publishers. Most contests will focus on Japanese-language contests, but a few accept submissions in other languages. Sometimes, mangakas are hired from these contests.\\nMorning Manga and Comic Zenon both sponsor manga contests in other languages, so find their websites if you want to learn more.\\n3-4. Consider self-publishing.\\nSelf-publishing is becoming more popular in all writing and comic book genres, especially in a digital world where you can do so much on your own personal computer. You can do the same thing with manga, and sometimes, you can even be recruited to be a mangaka from your online work.\\nIf you self-publish, you can either take the route of an ebook, or you can publish a serial manga on a blog. You can self-publish ebooks through sites like Ebooks Direct or Amazon. You can publish free blogs through any number of sites, even sites like Blogger or Tumblr.\\nIf you take this route, you'll need to market yourself on platforms like social media by posting about your work and encouraging others to read and follow you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"\\\"Mangaka\\\" is the term used for someone who is the creator of manga, a Japanese-style comic. They draw the characters and scenes for the comics, and many also create the story line. If you want to be a mangaka, you first must gain experience as an artist. Most mangakas get their start by creating their own comics and then presenting them to manga publishers and magazines.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take appropriate courses in high school.\", \"描述\": \"While you're still in high school, start building your artistic skills by taking art classes. Drawing and painting would both be helpful for building your skill set to draw manga art, and even a general art class could potentially help you build skills.\\nIn addition, take literature and writing courses. As a mangaka, you'll be creating a story line, as well, so make sure to spend time focusing on how to develop a story.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Seek out others with similar interests.\", \"描述\": \"Working with other people on similar goals can help encourage you in yours. In addition, you can learn new skills from other people in the group. Try to find a group interested in manga at your school or in your area. You could also join an art club to help increase your skills.\\nIf you can't find one to join, consider creating one. There's bound to be others who have similar interests.\\nLook for classes or groups at your local library or with your park and recreation department.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider an art degree.\", \"描述\": \"While you don't absolutely need a degree to be a mangaka, formal education can help give you the professional skills you need. A bachelor's degree in fine arts is a good choice, as it will help you build up your artistic skills. However, you can also go much more specific. A number of universities in the United States offer degrees in comic art, and if you're willing to travel to Japan, you can earn bachelor's or master's degrees specifically in manga art.\\nIn addition, think about double majoring or minoring in literature or writing. Developing your writing skills will be helpful in writing stories later.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice your drawing.\", \"描述\": \"Formal schooling increases your skill set, but so does practicing on your own. Just like learning an instrument, practicing drawing will make you better over time. You can start out by imitating characters you like, but you can move on to creating your own characters and panels.\\nIn fact, comic artists recommend putting in practice every day. Make sure you are setting aside at least an hour a day to work on your artwork.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use free resources.\", \"描述\": \"You don't need formal education to learn from professionals. You'll find many resources are available to you for free. You can find online courses for free on sites like YouTube, Coursera, and Princeton's website, all of which you can use to develop your drawing skills. You'll also find resources available at your local library. Make use of the resources available to develop your skills.\\nDon't just get books on drawing. Look at books on writing comic books, as well as books just on writing.\\nIf your library doesn't have what you want, most libraries will order books from other libraries for you to use.\\nIf you are wanting to become a mangaka, you obviously have some familiarity with the genre. Nonetheless, make sure you are reading widely in the genre to see what is getting published. Don't just read your favorite mangas over and over. Branch out into ones you normally wouldn't be drawn to, just to see what else manga has to offer. Plus, exposing yourself to different styles will help you work towards your own style.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create Your Own Manga\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brainstorm ideas for plot.\", \"描述\": \"Even though manga comics are visual-based, you still need a plot to drive the story. Think about the stories that you love to read, and how you can make your own contribution. Manga has a wide variety of stories, from horror to love stories, so feel free to let your brain run wild. The key is to be thinking about your story all the time. If you limit your brainstorming to just when you sit down to write the story, you're not giving your creativity the time it needs to build a good story.\\nTry starting with one idea on a piece of paper. Build off that idea by connecting dots to other ideas you come up with.\\nAnother way to get your creativity flowing is just to free write. Start with a word or image, and just start writing until you hit on something you like. Once you do, start developing that idea.\\nPick an idea you enjoy. Working on your own manga is going to take some hard work. If you don't pick an idea you love, you'll have a hard time motivating yourself to work on it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Plot out a story.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have an idea for a story, you need to work beyond that because manga comics generally need more planning than a normal novel. You need to create an outline of how your story is going to move from beginning to end.\\nStart by figuring out the main plot points. What's the driving force of your story? What are the major events? Make sure to include setting, as well. Think about the background you want for your setting and how that will affect your story. For example, an urban setting is very different from a rural setting in terms of story.\\nMove on to going scene-by-scene, so you have an idea of what the main scenes will look like.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make your characters.\", \"描述\": \"When creating your characters, you need to think both about their place in the story (personality) and their physical appearance. To keep them consistent throughout your story, you should develop character sheets that outline both types of traits.\\nFor appearance, you can simply draw the character in a model or turnaround sheet. Basically, you draw the character from every angle, figuring out clothing, hair, and proportion, so that you can recreate the character in the same manner throughout your manga. You can also create a 3D model using something like clay instead.\\nFor their personality and personal traits, write down traits for the character, such as personality quirks, personal beliefs, religion, favorite foods and color, and so on. Don't forget things like personality flaws. No one is perfect, and no character should be either. Also, think about things like motivation.\\nCreate sheets for all your characters, but make sure your main characters are the most fleshed out.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Develop a style.\", \"描述\": \"Really, developing a style comes from drawing for a while, and using your creativity to figure out what you like. However, it's important to pick something that's doable. You don't want to start on a style that's hard for you to maintain over time. Use one that you enjoy and find easy to draw.\\nThat doesn't mean that it must look simple, just that it's simple enough that you can put in the hours it takes to draw it through a whole story or a series of stories.\\nExplore different styles. Once you see what others do, you can see what you like and don't like. That will help you figure out what you like in your own style. Try not to just copy any one style exactly. You want yours to be unique in some aspect.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Create your manga.\", \"描述\": \"Working scene by scene, create your manga. Begin by sketching out the scenes, blocking where the dialogue and characters will go; remember, you're just creating a bare-bones sketch to see where things will go. Move on to fully drawing out the scenes, but use pencil so that you can make changes. Later, fill in with ink and color. Many mangas are not colored, due to cost restrictions, so you can work just in black and white if you prefer. In fact, many publishers prefer black and white. How you create your manga is up to you, as many manga artists work in digital formats nowadays.\\nIf you prefer to work digitally, consider using a manga drawing app. These tools are designed for creating comics, so they will make it easier for you to work.\\nDon't forget to make your text legible. If people can't read your text, they won't read your comic.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Your Work Published\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get your work ready for a publisher.\", \"描述\": \"When looking at publishers, consider what types of work they tend to print, and then pick one that fits your style and theme. Make sure you follow all their guidelines to the letter, including maturity level. For instance, most will want PG or PG13.\\nMost publishers will want a copy of your manga, not the original. You can make a copy on a high quality copier or use a laser printer.\\nPay attention to sizing formats for the company you are sending it to.\\nMost companies will expect you to have the basics of drawing down, such as proper proportions. If you aren't there yet, you may want to wait awhile.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Present it to a publisher.\", \"描述\": \"One simple way to find a publisher or magazine you want to contact is to look at the back of your favorite mangas. You can call up the publisher and schedule an appointment to be seen and show your work. It's actually a common practice, and many mangakas began in this manner. You can also look them up online.\\nYou need to have your work ready to show. It may not be published, but many publishers will give you advice on how to do better. Others will hire you to work for them.\\nIf you can't visit in person, many publishers take submissions by mail.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enter competitions.\", \"描述\": \"Some people become mangakas by submitting their work through contests run by the publishers. Most contests will focus on Japanese-language contests, but a few accept submissions in other languages. Sometimes, mangakas are hired from these contests.\\nMorning Manga and Comic Zenon both sponsor manga contests in other languages, so find their websites if you want to learn more.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Consider self-publishing.\", \"描述\": \"Self-publishing is becoming more popular in all writing and comic book genres, especially in a digital world where you can do so much on your own personal computer. You can do the same thing with manga, and sometimes, you can even be recruited to be a mangaka from your online work.\\nIf you self-publish, you can either take the route of an ebook, or you can publish a serial manga on a blog. You can self-publish ebooks through sites like Ebooks Direct or Amazon. You can publish free blogs through any number of sites, even sites like Blogger or Tumblr.\\nIf you take this route, you'll need to market yourself on platforms like social media by posting about your work and encouraging others to read and follow you.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,511 |
How to Become a Marine
|
1. Getting Ready to Enlist
1-1. Decide if the Marines are right for you.
Before committing to becoming a Marine, figure out how being in the Marines will improve your life. This commitment requires a significant amount of time and effort. You may also see combat. Being in the Marines should set you up on a career path you can pursue when your contract is up.
Marines are a proud group of people and this branch of service is said by many to be the most intensive. Make sure this is a better fit for you than other branches of the military.
The Marines offer health care, financial, and educational benefits. However, you should join for the challenge rather than for benefits.
1-2. Wait until you’re old enough to enlist.
In the US, you cannot enlist in the Marines until you are 18 years old. If you are 17 years old, you may enlist with parental consent provided you meet the other requirements to become a Marine. As soon as you become of age and finish high school, speak to a recruiter. Anyone up to age 28 is eligible to enlist with the Marines. After age 28, you’ll need to speak to a recruiter to get a waiver.
Residents of other countries should consult their government for specific requirements for their Marine programs.
1-3. Complete the education requirements.
The minimum for enlistment is being a legal resident of the US and having a high school diploma. To be an officer in the Marines, you need a bachelor’s degree from a four-year university program. The Marine Corps offers officer training for students who are in the process of earning their four-year degree called NROTC (Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps).
You may be able to get into the Marines with a GED, but it is difficult. Recruitment can be very competitive.
1-4. Become an Enlisted Marine after high school.
The proper time for joining the Marines depends on your circumstances and what rank you want to achieve. Once you have a high school diploma, you can become an Enlisted Marine. When you do this right after high school, you may not have the same college experience your friends are having. However, the Marines can pay for your education.
Even if you go to college first, you can enlist. Make sure you aren’t interested in becoming an officer before you choose this route.
1-5. Become an officer with a four-year college degree.
Many officer candidates choose to do their training in the summers between school terms. You can also apply for the training after earning your degree. Officer candidates are leaders in the Marines, so the program is a little more competitive than basic enlistment.
It is possible for an Enlisted Marine to become an officer, but oftentimes it’s difficult to make the switch.
Enlisted Marines and officers work together but are trained differently.
1-6. Pass the initial fitness test.
Military training is tough. Before you ever apply, begin running and training. Eat foods low in fat and high in protein, such as fish and chicken. You don’t need to be perfect to enlist. Make sure you can pass the initial strength test (IST) by doing two pull-ups, 44 crunches in two minutes, and a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) run in 13 ½ minutes. Doing even better than that prepares you for the scored fitness tests in boot camp.
2. Contacting a Recruiter
2-1. Find a recruiter in your area.
Go online to the Marine Corps’s official website. At the top of the page, you’ll see the words “Contact a Marine.” Click this and fill out your information to get in touch with a local recruiter. You may also look for recruiting offices in your area. Search online or in a phone book for contact information.
2-2. Write down questions you want answered.
Your recruiter is there to help you become a successful Marine. They’ll interview you, but you should use the opportunity to clear up any uncertainties. Some questions you can ask them include: Which service option is best for me? What job training am I qualified for? How can you help me get a college education?
Service shouldn’t be taken lightly. Make sure you fully understand all your options before enlisting and picking a career path.
2-3. Pick a job specialty to pursue.
While “every Marine is a rifleman” is true, the Marines also offers career options from pilots to photographers. Search for the military occupational specialties (MOS) online before you arrive. Recruiters can help guide you to one that’s right for you. You’ll have to choose your specialty when you enlist.
The best MOS is one that you’ll enjoy and will also help you make a living in the civilian world.
2-4. Ask about guaranteed specialty training.
Recruiters may be able to guarantee you a spot in a training school or duty station. When discussing your MOS, make sure to bring this up. Ask the recruiter how they can guarantee you’ll get the career path you pick. Specialties are competitive with limited space available for candidates, so this can prevent difficulties down the road.
3. Completing Enlistment Testing and Training
3-1. Visit a processing station for the aptitude test.
Wear comfortable clothing and get a good night’s rest. The ASVAB measures your verbal, math, and academic abilities. It consists of ten sections ranging from word knowledge to mechanical knowledge and coding speed. This test determines your qualifications.
A counselor will use these scores to inform you of MOS opportunities. You should research these in advance.
However the Marine Corps have their own needs before your wants and needs.
3-2. Get a physical exam.
The physical is held after completing the ASVAB. Bring personal identification, including a birth certificate, Social Security card, and any documentation of medical problems throughout your life. You should also get a list from your recruiter of personal items to bring. The Marines will test your health to make sure you are fit to enlist.
Upon passing the test, selecting your job specialty, and swearing in, you may be asked to leave immediately for boot camp.
3-3. Ship off to boot camp.
You will be sent to boot camp immediately or within a few months of taking the Marine oath. If you live east of the Mississippi River, you’ll head to the Parris Island Recruit Depot in South Carolina. If you live to the west, you’ll head to the San Diego Recruit Depot in California. For thirteen weeks, you’ll get up at 5:00 AM, train, and go to sleep at 9:00 PM.
3-4. Complete combat and field training.
The first week of boot camp is processing and academic work. The second week is about discipline. After that, your body will be tested. You’ll start out learning how to fight and move on to water survival and weapons training. Near the end, you’ll learn field skills like setting up a tent. After a grueling final test that covers all that you’ll learn, you’ll spend the last week graduating.
4. Continuing Training as a Marine
4-1. Stay in shape to pass physical fitness tests.
Every six months, you will have to pass a physical fitness test. These are similar to the initial fitness test you took when enlisting. A perfect score on their fitness test is achieved by doing 20 dead-hang pull-ups, 100 crunches, and completing a three-mile (4.8 km) run in 18 minutes. You’ll need to continue to care for your health so you can continue to be a Marine.
For women, the perfect score means a flexed-arm hang for 70 seconds, 100 crunches, and completing a three-mile run in 21 minutes.
4-2. Begin your specialty training.
After you finish boot camp, you get to move on to the career specialty you settled on during enlistment. The Marine Corps will direct you to schools at military installations around the country. You will need to wait until the school has an opening before you begin.
4-3. Begin officer training school.
During or after your collegiate experience, you can begin officer training. Officer training happens in the summer at Quantico, Virginia. Most undergraduates will take the Platoon Leaders Course (PLC), which is either ten full weeks or two six-week sessions. Seniors and graduated Marines will take the Officer Candidates Class (OCC), which lasts for ten weeks.
Contact an Officer Selection Officer about these courses. They can found by searching online or by speaking with someone from the Marine Corps.
These courses are designed to assess your potential as a leader.
4-4. Ask about the Enlisted Commissioning Education Program.
Marines accepted into this program are permitted to go to college and get a degree from a four-year program. You will also undergo officer candidate training to become a second lieutenant. This program is for active Marines who want to go to a four-year college. Speak to your officers to apply.
Tips
Do not back talk!
Don’t enlist “open contract.” Make sure you know exactly what your job will be before you sign up. It’s four years of life, so make them as enjoyable and productive as possible.
Boot camp is tough. It takes a great physical toll. You will get dirty and need to yell while speaking.
Warnings
If you choose, you may join the Marine Reserves if you want to remain home with your family or to simply finish your education or occupying your job. Unlike being an Active Duty Marine, Marine Reservists don't get paid a lot, and don't really have the same benefits as an Active Duty officer, but still receive the same training and be deployed at an appropriate time.
Make sure you really want to do this. Once you sign a contract to enlist in the Marines, there is no backing out or changing minds. If you fail to obey the contract, you may possibly be arrested and permanently ineligible from joining any of the US armed forces (This includes the Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Space Force). The only legitimate way to terminate your contract and not face any consequences is by being very ill or physically disabled that hinders you from being able to fight in combat.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Ready to Enlist\\n1-1. Decide if the Marines are right for you.\\nBefore committing to becoming a Marine, figure out how being in the Marines will improve your life. This commitment requires a significant amount of time and effort. You may also see combat. Being in the Marines should set you up on a career path you can pursue when your contract is up.\\nMarines are a proud group of people and this branch of service is said by many to be the most intensive. Make sure this is a better fit for you than other branches of the military.\\nThe Marines offer health care, financial, and educational benefits. However, you should join for the challenge rather than for benefits.\\n1-2. Wait until you’re old enough to enlist.\\nIn the US, you cannot enlist in the Marines until you are 18 years old. If you are 17 years old, you may enlist with parental consent provided you meet the other requirements to become a Marine. As soon as you become of age and finish high school, speak to a recruiter. Anyone up to age 28 is eligible to enlist with the Marines. After age 28, you’ll need to speak to a recruiter to get a waiver.\\nResidents of other countries should consult their government for specific requirements for their Marine programs.\\n1-3. Complete the education requirements.\\nThe minimum for enlistment is being a legal resident of the US and having a high school diploma. To be an officer in the Marines, you need a bachelor’s degree from a four-year university program. The Marine Corps offers officer training for students who are in the process of earning their four-year degree called NROTC (Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps).\\nYou may be able to get into the Marines with a GED, but it is difficult. Recruitment can be very competitive.\\n1-4. Become an Enlisted Marine after high school.\\nThe proper time for joining the Marines depends on your circumstances and what rank you want to achieve. Once you have a high school diploma, you can become an Enlisted Marine. When you do this right after high school, you may not have the same college experience your friends are having. However, the Marines can pay for your education.\\nEven if you go to college first, you can enlist. Make sure you aren’t interested in becoming an officer before you choose this route.\\n1-5. Become an officer with a four-year college degree.\\nMany officer candidates choose to do their training in the summers between school terms. You can also apply for the training after earning your degree. Officer candidates are leaders in the Marines, so the program is a little more competitive than basic enlistment.\\nIt is possible for an Enlisted Marine to become an officer, but oftentimes it’s difficult to make the switch.\\nEnlisted Marines and officers work together but are trained differently.\\n1-6. Pass the initial fitness test.\\nMilitary training is tough. Before you ever apply, begin running and training. Eat foods low in fat and high in protein, such as fish and chicken. You don’t need to be perfect to enlist. Make sure you can pass the initial strength test (IST) by doing two pull-ups, 44 crunches in two minutes, and a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) run in 13 ½ minutes. Doing even better than that prepares you for the scored fitness tests in boot camp.\\n2. Contacting a Recruiter\\n2-1. Find a recruiter in your area.\\nGo online to the Marine Corps’s official website. At the top of the page, you’ll see the words “Contact a Marine.” Click this and fill out your information to get in touch with a local recruiter. You may also look for recruiting offices in your area. Search online or in a phone book for contact information.\\n2-2. Write down questions you want answered.\\nYour recruiter is there to help you become a successful Marine. They’ll interview you, but you should use the opportunity to clear up any uncertainties. Some questions you can ask them include: Which service option is best for me? What job training am I qualified for? How can you help me get a college education?\\nService shouldn’t be taken lightly. Make sure you fully understand all your options before enlisting and picking a career path.\\n2-3. Pick a job specialty to pursue.\\nWhile “every Marine is a rifleman” is true, the Marines also offers career options from pilots to photographers. Search for the military occupational specialties (MOS) online before you arrive. Recruiters can help guide you to one that’s right for you. You’ll have to choose your specialty when you enlist.\\nThe best MOS is one that you’ll enjoy and will also help you make a living in the civilian world.\\n2-4. Ask about guaranteed specialty training.\\nRecruiters may be able to guarantee you a spot in a training school or duty station. When discussing your MOS, make sure to bring this up. Ask the recruiter how they can guarantee you’ll get the career path you pick. Specialties are competitive with limited space available for candidates, so this can prevent difficulties down the road.\\n3. Completing Enlistment Testing and Training\\n3-1. Visit a processing station for the aptitude test.\\nWear comfortable clothing and get a good night’s rest. The ASVAB measures your verbal, math, and academic abilities. It consists of ten sections ranging from word knowledge to mechanical knowledge and coding speed. This test determines your qualifications.\\nA counselor will use these scores to inform you of MOS opportunities. You should research these in advance.\\nHowever the Marine Corps have their own needs before your wants and needs.\\n3-2. Get a physical exam.\\nThe physical is held after completing the ASVAB. Bring personal identification, including a birth certificate, Social Security card, and any documentation of medical problems throughout your life. You should also get a list from your recruiter of personal items to bring. The Marines will test your health to make sure you are fit to enlist.\\nUpon passing the test, selecting your job specialty, and swearing in, you may be asked to leave immediately for boot camp.\\n3-3. Ship off to boot camp.\\nYou will be sent to boot camp immediately or within a few months of taking the Marine oath. If you live east of the Mississippi River, you’ll head to the Parris Island Recruit Depot in South Carolina. If you live to the west, you’ll head to the San Diego Recruit Depot in California. For thirteen weeks, you’ll get up at 5:00 AM, train, and go to sleep at 9:00 PM.\\n3-4. Complete combat and field training.\\nThe first week of boot camp is processing and academic work. The second week is about discipline. After that, your body will be tested. You’ll start out learning how to fight and move on to water survival and weapons training. Near the end, you’ll learn field skills like setting up a tent. After a grueling final test that covers all that you’ll learn, you’ll spend the last week graduating.\\n4. Continuing Training as a Marine\\n4-1. Stay in shape to pass physical fitness tests.\\nEvery six months, you will have to pass a physical fitness test. These are similar to the initial fitness test you took when enlisting. A perfect score on their fitness test is achieved by doing 20 dead-hang pull-ups, 100 crunches, and completing a three-mile (4.8 km) run in 18 minutes. You’ll need to continue to care for your health so you can continue to be a Marine.\\nFor women, the perfect score means a flexed-arm hang for 70 seconds, 100 crunches, and completing a three-mile run in 21 minutes.\\n4-2. Begin your specialty training.\\nAfter you finish boot camp, you get to move on to the career specialty you settled on during enlistment. The Marine Corps will direct you to schools at military installations around the country. You will need to wait until the school has an opening before you begin.\\n4-3. Begin officer training school.\\nDuring or after your collegiate experience, you can begin officer training. Officer training happens in the summer at Quantico, Virginia. Most undergraduates will take the Platoon Leaders Course (PLC), which is either ten full weeks or two six-week sessions. Seniors and graduated Marines will take the Officer Candidates Class (OCC), which lasts for ten weeks.\\nContact an Officer Selection Officer about these courses. They can found by searching online or by speaking with someone from the Marine Corps.\\nThese courses are designed to assess your potential as a leader.\\n4-4. Ask about the Enlisted Commissioning Education Program.\\nMarines accepted into this program are permitted to go to college and get a degree from a four-year program. You will also undergo officer candidate training to become a second lieutenant. This program is for active Marines who want to go to a four-year college. Speak to your officers to apply.\\nTips\\nDo not back talk!\\nDon’t enlist “open contract.” Make sure you know exactly what your job will be before you sign up. It’s four years of life, so make them as enjoyable and productive as possible.\\nBoot camp is tough. It takes a great physical toll. You will get dirty and need to yell while speaking.\\nWarnings\\nIf you choose, you may join the Marine Reserves if you want to remain home with your family or to simply finish your education or occupying your job. Unlike being an Active Duty Marine, Marine Reservists don't get paid a lot, and don't really have the same benefits as an Active Duty officer, but still receive the same training and be deployed at an appropriate time.\\nMake sure you really want to do this. Once you sign a contract to enlist in the Marines, there is no backing out or changing minds. If you fail to obey the contract, you may possibly be arrested and permanently ineligible from joining any of the US armed forces (This includes the Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Space Force). The only legitimate way to terminate your contract and not face any consequences is by being very ill or physically disabled that hinders you from being able to fight in combat.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The Marine Corps is a way of life that requires great physical and mental strength. You will need to consider what career specialty you’d like even as you continue to hone your body. Meet with a recruiter to enlist. After passing some preliminary tests, you’ll be shipped off to boot camp for basic training. With determination, perseverance, and a little research, you too can become one of the Few and the Proud.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Ready to Enlist\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide if the Marines are right for you.\", \"描述\": \"Before committing to becoming a Marine, figure out how being in the Marines will improve your life. This commitment requires a significant amount of time and effort. You may also see combat. Being in the Marines should set you up on a career path you can pursue when your contract is up.\\nMarines are a proud group of people and this branch of service is said by many to be the most intensive. Make sure this is a better fit for you than other branches of the military.\\nThe Marines offer health care, financial, and educational benefits. However, you should join for the challenge rather than for benefits.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wait until you’re old enough to enlist.\", \"描述\": \"In the US, you cannot enlist in the Marines until you are 18 years old. If you are 17 years old, you may enlist with parental consent provided you meet the other requirements to become a Marine. As soon as you become of age and finish high school, speak to a recruiter. Anyone up to age 28 is eligible to enlist with the Marines. After age 28, you’ll need to speak to a recruiter to get a waiver.\\nResidents of other countries should consult their government for specific requirements for their Marine programs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Complete the education requirements.\", \"描述\": \"The minimum for enlistment is being a legal resident of the US and having a high school diploma. To be an officer in the Marines, you need a bachelor’s degree from a four-year university program. The Marine Corps offers officer training for students who are in the process of earning their four-year degree called NROTC (Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps).\\nYou may be able to get into the Marines with a GED, but it is difficult. Recruitment can be very competitive.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Become an Enlisted Marine after high school.\", \"描述\": \"The proper time for joining the Marines depends on your circumstances and what rank you want to achieve. Once you have a high school diploma, you can become an Enlisted Marine. When you do this right after high school, you may not have the same college experience your friends are having. However, the Marines can pay for your education.\\nEven if you go to college first, you can enlist. Make sure you aren’t interested in becoming an officer before you choose this route.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Become an officer with a four-year college degree.\", \"描述\": \"Many officer candidates choose to do their training in the summers between school terms. You can also apply for the training after earning your degree. Officer candidates are leaders in the Marines, so the program is a little more competitive than basic enlistment.\\nIt is possible for an Enlisted Marine to become an officer, but oftentimes it’s difficult to make the switch.\\nEnlisted Marines and officers work together but are trained differently.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pass the initial fitness test.\", \"描述\": \"Military training is tough. Before you ever apply, begin running and training. Eat foods low in fat and high in protein, such as fish and chicken. You don’t need to be perfect to enlist. Make sure you can pass the initial strength test (IST) by doing two pull-ups, 44 crunches in two minutes, and a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) run in 13 ½ minutes. Doing even better than that prepares you for the scored fitness tests in boot camp.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Contacting a Recruiter\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a recruiter in your area.\", \"描述\": \"Go online to the Marine Corps’s official website. At the top of the page, you’ll see the words “Contact a Marine.” Click this and fill out your information to get in touch with a local recruiter. You may also look for recruiting offices in your area. Search online or in a phone book for contact information.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Write down questions you want answered.\", \"描述\": \"Your recruiter is there to help you become a successful Marine. They’ll interview you, but you should use the opportunity to clear up any uncertainties. Some questions you can ask them include: Which service option is best for me? What job training am I qualified for? How can you help me get a college education?\\nService shouldn’t be taken lightly. Make sure you fully understand all your options before enlisting and picking a career path.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pick a job specialty to pursue.\", \"描述\": \"While “every Marine is a rifleman” is true, the Marines also offers career options from pilots to photographers. Search for the military occupational specialties (MOS) online before you arrive. Recruiters can help guide you to one that’s right for you. You’ll have to choose your specialty when you enlist.\\nThe best MOS is one that you’ll enjoy and will also help you make a living in the civilian world.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask about guaranteed specialty training.\", \"描述\": \"Recruiters may be able to guarantee you a spot in a training school or duty station. When discussing your MOS, make sure to bring this up. Ask the recruiter how they can guarantee you’ll get the career path you pick. Specialties are competitive with limited space available for candidates, so this can prevent difficulties down the road.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Completing Enlistment Testing and Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Visit a processing station for the aptitude test.\", \"描述\": \"Wear comfortable clothing and get a good night’s rest. The ASVAB measures your verbal, math, and academic abilities. It consists of ten sections ranging from word knowledge to mechanical knowledge and coding speed. This test determines your qualifications.\\nA counselor will use these scores to inform you of MOS opportunities. You should research these in advance.\\nHowever the Marine Corps have their own needs before your wants and needs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a physical exam.\", \"描述\": \"The physical is held after completing the ASVAB. Bring personal identification, including a birth certificate, Social Security card, and any documentation of medical problems throughout your life. You should also get a list from your recruiter of personal items to bring. The Marines will test your health to make sure you are fit to enlist.\\nUpon passing the test, selecting your job specialty, and swearing in, you may be asked to leave immediately for boot camp.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ship off to boot camp.\", \"描述\": \"You will be sent to boot camp immediately or within a few months of taking the Marine oath. If you live east of the Mississippi River, you’ll head to the Parris Island Recruit Depot in South Carolina. If you live to the west, you’ll head to the San Diego Recruit Depot in California. For thirteen weeks, you’ll get up at 5:00 AM, train, and go to sleep at 9:00 PM.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete combat and field training.\", \"描述\": \"The first week of boot camp is processing and academic work. The second week is about discipline. After that, your body will be tested. You’ll start out learning how to fight and move on to water survival and weapons training. Near the end, you’ll learn field skills like setting up a tent. After a grueling final test that covers all that you’ll learn, you’ll spend the last week graduating.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Continuing Training as a Marine\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stay in shape to pass physical fitness tests.\", \"描述\": \"Every six months, you will have to pass a physical fitness test. These are similar to the initial fitness test you took when enlisting. A perfect score on their fitness test is achieved by doing 20 dead-hang pull-ups, 100 crunches, and completing a three-mile (4.8 km) run in 18 minutes. You’ll need to continue to care for your health so you can continue to be a Marine.\\nFor women, the perfect score means a flexed-arm hang for 70 seconds, 100 crunches, and completing a three-mile run in 21 minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Begin your specialty training.\", \"描述\": \"After you finish boot camp, you get to move on to the career specialty you settled on during enlistment. The Marine Corps will direct you to schools at military installations around the country. You will need to wait until the school has an opening before you begin.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Begin officer training school.\", \"描述\": \"During or after your collegiate experience, you can begin officer training. Officer training happens in the summer at Quantico, Virginia. Most undergraduates will take the Platoon Leaders Course (PLC), which is either ten full weeks or two six-week sessions. Seniors and graduated Marines will take the Officer Candidates Class (OCC), which lasts for ten weeks.\\nContact an Officer Selection Officer about these courses. They can found by searching online or by speaking with someone from the Marine Corps.\\nThese courses are designed to assess your potential as a leader.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask about the Enlisted Commissioning Education Program.\", \"描述\": \"Marines accepted into this program are permitted to go to college and get a degree from a four-year program. You will also undergo officer candidate training to become a second lieutenant. This program is for active Marines who want to go to a four-year college. Speak to your officers to apply.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Do not back talk!\\n\", \"Don’t enlist “open contract.” Make sure you know exactly what your job will be before you sign up. It’s four years of life, so make them as enjoyable and productive as possible.\\n\", \"Boot camp is tough. It takes a great physical toll. You will get dirty and need to yell while speaking.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you choose, you may join the Marine Reserves if you want to remain home with your family or to simply finish your education or occupying your job. Unlike being an Active Duty Marine, Marine Reservists don't get paid a lot, and don't really have the same benefits as an Active Duty officer, but still receive the same training and be deployed at an appropriate time.\\n\", \"Make sure you really want to do this. Once you sign a contract to enlist in the Marines, there is no backing out or changing minds. If you fail to obey the contract, you may possibly be arrested and permanently ineligible from joining any of the US armed forces (This includes the Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Space Force). The only legitimate way to terminate your contract and not face any consequences is by being very ill or physically disabled that hinders you from being able to fight in combat.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,512 |
How to Become a Marine Sniper
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1. Meeting Basic Qualifications
1-1. Reach the appropriate rank.
Ordinarily, to become a Marine sniper you must reach at least the rank of Lance Corporal (E-3), and be no higher than the rank of Sergeant (E-5). Certain Ground Intelligence Officer (Military Occupational Specialty 0203) members of the Infantry (MOS 03XX), senior non-commissioned officers (SCNCOs), and international students can sometimes be permitted to undergo sniper training.
A lance corporal is the third enlisted rank in the Marines, equivalent to a Private First Class in the U.S. Army. You may receive promotion to Lance Corporal after one or more years of service.
Applicants at the rank of Sergeant and above must have a temporary duty (TD) fitness report.
Your Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) should be Infantry if you want to become a sniper.
1-2. Have excellent vision.
Successfully completing the tasks of a sniper, such as target identification and long-distance firing, requires you to have very good vision. To be eligible for training as a Marine sniper, you must have 20/20 vision or vision that is correctable to 20/20.
1-3. Have yourself medically cleared.
The missions which snipers complete can be physically grueling, and so snipers are required to be in excellent health, with no recurring illnesses or health problems. A fitness test and health clearance will be required before you can begin training.
1-4. Score well on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) test.
To be eligible to be trained as a Marine sniper, you must score at least 100 on the General Technical (GT) section of the ASVAB, which evaluates your knowledge and potential in fields such as mathematical reasoning and mechanical comprehension.
1-5. Have a current Secret clearance, or be eligible to obtain one.
The Department of Defense issues personal security clearances at the Top Secret, Secret, and Confidential levels. Since Marine snipers are often involved in highly specialized missions, you must have reached Secret clearance before you can begin sniper training.
To receive secret clearance, you must be a U.S. citizen or naturalized citizen, work in a position that the Department of Defense determines necessitates this clearance, and undergo a background investigation. Your security clearance may also need to be periodically renewed.
1-6. Receive an “expert” rifle qualification.
Excellent marksmanship is an essential skill of any sniper, and so the Marines must qualify you beforehand at the “expert” level of rifle usage.
1-7. Have no record of getting a court marshall or receiving Non-Judicial Punishment (NJP) within the last six months.
Marine snipers are a select, elite group entrusted with highly specialized missions. Superior conduct is expected from those hoping to begin sniper training.
1-8. Have at least 24 months remaining in the Marine Corps, and/or be scheduled to deploy with your unit after completing sniper training.
The training provided to Marine snipers is extensive and takes significant time to complete. The Marines want to ensure that the investment of time and effort to train snipers is worth it, so you will need to make a long-term commitment to the service.
1-9. Have no existing family or financial problems that would prevent you from undergoing sniper training.
Marine sniper training and service requires great focus. If there are family or financial problems that can distract you, it may be difficult to complete the tasks required.
1-10. Consider completed recommended training.
Certain qualifications are not necessarily required to begin sniper training, but having them may increase your chances of being selected for the program. These include:
Completion of Marines Corps Institute (MCI) or distance learning in the following areas: Land Navigation, Infantry Patrolling, Basic Forward Observer Procedures, and Reconnaissance
Attendance at Sniper platoon training
Completion of an infantry training cycle or deployment
Swimming certification at class 2 or higher
2. Training
2-1. Serve in a battalion scout-sniper platoon.
Battalion-level sniper training is available for candidates who pass a two-week indoctrination course. After serving in a battalion-level scout-sniper platoon, you may be eligible to attend a formal Marine Scout Sniper course. If you are interested in becoming a sniper, ask your superiors about attaining battalion-level training as a first step.
2-2. Pass physical fitness tests.
As soon as you begin training as a Marine sniper, you will need to pass physical fitness tests (PFT) at a first class level (score of 225). Thus, it is a good idea to train beforehand to ensure that you will be able to pass these tests. Components of these tests include:
A timed three mile run
Pull-ups, untimed for men; flexed-arm hang, timed, for women
Crunches, two minutes, timed
An 880-yard sprint
An ammunition lift (30 pounds over your head, two minutes)
2-3. Volunteer to attend a Scout Sniper basic course.
In order to become a Marine sniper, you must complete a training course at one of the four School of Infantry locations. These include the Scout Sniper Instruction School, Quantico, VA; the School of Infantry (SOI) East at Camp Geiger, North Carolina; the SOI West at Camp Pendleton, California; and the Marines Corps Base (MCB) in Kaneohe, Hawaii. To take one of these courses, you must volunteer and be selected by your unit, so talk to your superiors if you are interested in the opportunity. The Scout Sniper Course (SSC) is a twelve-week training program, designed to educate designated trainees in the basic techniques and equipment of Marine snipers. It is divided into three phases.
2-4. Complete Phase 1 of the Scout Sniper basic course, Field Skills and Known Distance Marksmanship.
Though classwork and practical applications, this phase will introduce students to basic tasks of snipers, including land navigation, functional fitness, marksmanship, ballistics, cold bore, and range estimation. Students will receive training in shooting at known distances using the M40 series sniper rifle and Semi-Automatic Sniper System (SASS). Practical training will cover hides and surveillance, and coursework will cover mission planning and orders writing.
2-5. Complete Phase 2 of the Scout Sniper basic course, Stalking and Unknown Distance Marksmanship.
This phase equips students with knowledge and skills to engage with moving and unknown distance targets. Topics include camouflaging sniper equipment, firing positions, and methods of engaging targets at various ranges. By the end of this phase, students will demonstrate mastery of target movements at distances of 1,000 meters, and of engaging targets at unknown distances up to 800 meters.
2-6. Complete Phase 3 of the Scout Sniper basic course, Mission Planning and Employment.
In this phase, students receive instructions regarding the duties of each billet within a scout sniper team, in order to equip them with the knowledge and skills necessary to plan sniper missions. The phase will end with a performance evaluation designed to test students’ abilities to plan, coordinate, and execute an assigned mission.
2-7. Consider being either a spotter or a sniper.
Marine sniper courses actually cover training for two roles, snipers and spotters. Depending on your skills and your unit’s needs, you may train and/or serve as one or both.
A sniper makes precision fires on selected targets, often from long ranges. Snipers also conduct surveillance and reconnaissance.
Spotters detect, observe, and confirm sniper targets, and calculate the range and wind conditions on a given target. They also conduct surveillance and reconnaissance.
2-8. Complete an advanced sniper course.
The Marines Special Operations School offers a four-week course to certify existing snipers at the advanced level. This is a great way to enhance your skills and move your career forward. The course is divided into five blocks:
Block 1 teaches fundamental skills, offers ballistic training, and exercises live firing at 100-200 meters.
Block 2 trains snipers in the use of ballistic software, sniper equipment, engagement techniques, known distance shooting, and the practical application of equipment.
Block 3 covers sniper tactics and employment, foreign weapons, ballistic testing, glass shooting, unknown distance shooting (day and night) with various rifles, and the shooting of moving targets.
Block 4 provides qualification through a composite score based on four drills including barricade shooting, day and night shooting at an unknown distance, and spotter qualification.
Block 5 covers aerial sniping, explosive loophole breaching, loophole shooting, side-prone shooting, high-angle shooting, urban hides, vehicle hides, and the practical application of surveillance equipment. Block 5 also entails a culminating exercise of a four-day scenario in which sniper teams locate targets, conduct surveillance, and eliminate targets as part of a Marine Special Operations Team.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Meeting Basic Qualifications\\n1-1. Reach the appropriate rank.\\nOrdinarily, to become a Marine sniper you must reach at least the rank of Lance Corporal (E-3), and be no higher than the rank of Sergeant (E-5). Certain Ground Intelligence Officer (Military Occupational Specialty 0203) members of the Infantry (MOS 03XX), senior non-commissioned officers (SCNCOs), and international students can sometimes be permitted to undergo sniper training.\\nA lance corporal is the third enlisted rank in the Marines, equivalent to a Private First Class in the U.S. Army. You may receive promotion to Lance Corporal after one or more years of service.\\nApplicants at the rank of Sergeant and above must have a temporary duty (TD) fitness report.\\nYour Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) should be Infantry if you want to become a sniper.\\n1-2. Have excellent vision.\\nSuccessfully completing the tasks of a sniper, such as target identification and long-distance firing, requires you to have very good vision. To be eligible for training as a Marine sniper, you must have 20/20 vision or vision that is correctable to 20/20.\\n1-3. Have yourself medically cleared.\\nThe missions which snipers complete can be physically grueling, and so snipers are required to be in excellent health, with no recurring illnesses or health problems. A fitness test and health clearance will be required before you can begin training.\\n1-4. Score well on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) test.\\nTo be eligible to be trained as a Marine sniper, you must score at least 100 on the General Technical (GT) section of the ASVAB, which evaluates your knowledge and potential in fields such as mathematical reasoning and mechanical comprehension.\\n1-5. Have a current Secret clearance, or be eligible to obtain one.\\nThe Department of Defense issues personal security clearances at the Top Secret, Secret, and Confidential levels. Since Marine snipers are often involved in highly specialized missions, you must have reached Secret clearance before you can begin sniper training.\\nTo receive secret clearance, you must be a U.S. citizen or naturalized citizen, work in a position that the Department of Defense determines necessitates this clearance, and undergo a background investigation. Your security clearance may also need to be periodically renewed.\\n1-6. Receive an “expert” rifle qualification.\\nExcellent marksmanship is an essential skill of any sniper, and so the Marines must qualify you beforehand at the “expert” level of rifle usage.\\n1-7. Have no record of getting a court marshall or receiving Non-Judicial Punishment (NJP) within the last six months.\\nMarine snipers are a select, elite group entrusted with highly specialized missions. Superior conduct is expected from those hoping to begin sniper training.\\n1-8. Have at least 24 months remaining in the Marine Corps, and/or be scheduled to deploy with your unit after completing sniper training.\\nThe training provided to Marine snipers is extensive and takes significant time to complete. The Marines want to ensure that the investment of time and effort to train snipers is worth it, so you will need to make a long-term commitment to the service.\\n1-9. Have no existing family or financial problems that would prevent you from undergoing sniper training.\\nMarine sniper training and service requires great focus. If there are family or financial problems that can distract you, it may be difficult to complete the tasks required.\\n1-10. Consider completed recommended training.\\nCertain qualifications are not necessarily required to begin sniper training, but having them may increase your chances of being selected for the program. These include:\\nCompletion of Marines Corps Institute (MCI) or distance learning in the following areas: Land Navigation, Infantry Patrolling, Basic Forward Observer Procedures, and Reconnaissance\\nAttendance at Sniper platoon training\\nCompletion of an infantry training cycle or deployment\\nSwimming certification at class 2 or higher\\n2. Training\\n2-1. Serve in a battalion scout-sniper platoon.\\nBattalion-level sniper training is available for candidates who pass a two-week indoctrination course. After serving in a battalion-level scout-sniper platoon, you may be eligible to attend a formal Marine Scout Sniper course. If you are interested in becoming a sniper, ask your superiors about attaining battalion-level training as a first step.\\n2-2. Pass physical fitness tests.\\nAs soon as you begin training as a Marine sniper, you will need to pass physical fitness tests (PFT) at a first class level (score of 225). Thus, it is a good idea to train beforehand to ensure that you will be able to pass these tests. Components of these tests include:\\nA timed three mile run\\nPull-ups, untimed for men; flexed-arm hang, timed, for women\\nCrunches, two minutes, timed\\nAn 880-yard sprint\\nAn ammunition lift (30 pounds over your head, two minutes)\\n2-3. Volunteer to attend a Scout Sniper basic course.\\nIn order to become a Marine sniper, you must complete a training course at one of the four School of Infantry locations. These include the Scout Sniper Instruction School, Quantico, VA; the School of Infantry (SOI) East at Camp Geiger, North Carolina; the SOI West at Camp Pendleton, California; and the Marines Corps Base (MCB) in Kaneohe, Hawaii. To take one of these courses, you must volunteer and be selected by your unit, so talk to your superiors if you are interested in the opportunity. The Scout Sniper Course (SSC) is a twelve-week training program, designed to educate designated trainees in the basic techniques and equipment of Marine snipers. It is divided into three phases.\\n2-4. Complete Phase 1 of the Scout Sniper basic course, Field Skills and Known Distance Marksmanship.\\nThough classwork and practical applications, this phase will introduce students to basic tasks of snipers, including land navigation, functional fitness, marksmanship, ballistics, cold bore, and range estimation. Students will receive training in shooting at known distances using the M40 series sniper rifle and Semi-Automatic Sniper System (SASS). Practical training will cover hides and surveillance, and coursework will cover mission planning and orders writing.\\n2-5. Complete Phase 2 of the Scout Sniper basic course, Stalking and Unknown Distance Marksmanship.\\nThis phase equips students with knowledge and skills to engage with moving and unknown distance targets. Topics include camouflaging sniper equipment, firing positions, and methods of engaging targets at various ranges. By the end of this phase, students will demonstrate mastery of target movements at distances of 1,000 meters, and of engaging targets at unknown distances up to 800 meters.\\n2-6. Complete Phase 3 of the Scout Sniper basic course, Mission Planning and Employment.\\nIn this phase, students receive instructions regarding the duties of each billet within a scout sniper team, in order to equip them with the knowledge and skills necessary to plan sniper missions. The phase will end with a performance evaluation designed to test students’ abilities to plan, coordinate, and execute an assigned mission.\\n2-7. Consider being either a spotter or a sniper.\\nMarine sniper courses actually cover training for two roles, snipers and spotters. Depending on your skills and your unit’s needs, you may train and/or serve as one or both.\\nA sniper makes precision fires on selected targets, often from long ranges. Snipers also conduct surveillance and reconnaissance.\\nSpotters detect, observe, and confirm sniper targets, and calculate the range and wind conditions on a given target. They also conduct surveillance and reconnaissance.\\n2-8. Complete an advanced sniper course.\\nThe Marines Special Operations School offers a four-week course to certify existing snipers at the advanced level. This is a great way to enhance your skills and move your career forward. The course is divided into five blocks:\\nBlock 1 teaches fundamental skills, offers ballistic training, and exercises live firing at 100-200 meters.\\nBlock 2 trains snipers in the use of ballistic software, sniper equipment, engagement techniques, known distance shooting, and the practical application of equipment.\\nBlock 3 covers sniper tactics and employment, foreign weapons, ballistic testing, glass shooting, unknown distance shooting (day and night) with various rifles, and the shooting of moving targets.\\nBlock 4 provides qualification through a composite score based on four drills including barricade shooting, day and night shooting at an unknown distance, and spotter qualification.\\nBlock 5 covers aerial sniping, explosive loophole breaching, loophole shooting, side-prone shooting, high-angle shooting, urban hides, vehicle hides, and the practical application of surveillance equipment. Block 5 also entails a culminating exercise of a four-day scenario in which sniper teams locate targets, conduct surveillance, and eliminate targets as part of a Marine Special Operations Team.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Snipers form a select group of Marines who have completed extensive training in marksmanship, land navigation, mission planning, and other areas in order to deliver long-range, precision fire on selected targets. Awareness of this position has been raised by popular television shows and films with characters who are snipers. Becoming a real Marine sniper, however, requires great skill and extensive training provided by the Marine’s Scout Sniper course and other programs.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Meeting Basic Qualifications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Reach the appropriate rank.\", \"描述\": \"Ordinarily, to become a Marine sniper you must reach at least the rank of Lance Corporal (E-3), and be no higher than the rank of Sergeant (E-5). Certain Ground Intelligence Officer (Military Occupational Specialty 0203) members of the Infantry (MOS 03XX), senior non-commissioned officers (SCNCOs), and international students can sometimes be permitted to undergo sniper training.\\nA lance corporal is the third enlisted rank in the Marines, equivalent to a Private First Class in the U.S. Army. You may receive promotion to Lance Corporal after one or more years of service.\\nApplicants at the rank of Sergeant and above must have a temporary duty (TD) fitness report.\\nYour Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) should be Infantry if you want to become a sniper.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Have excellent vision.\", \"描述\": \"Successfully completing the tasks of a sniper, such as target identification and long-distance firing, requires you to have very good vision. To be eligible for training as a Marine sniper, you must have 20/20 vision or vision that is correctable to 20/20.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have yourself medically cleared.\", \"描述\": \"The missions which snipers complete can be physically grueling, and so snipers are required to be in excellent health, with no recurring illnesses or health problems. A fitness test and health clearance will be required before you can begin training.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Score well on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) test.\", \"描述\": \"To be eligible to be trained as a Marine sniper, you must score at least 100 on the General Technical (GT) section of the ASVAB, which evaluates your knowledge and potential in fields such as mathematical reasoning and mechanical comprehension.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Have a current Secret clearance, or be eligible to obtain one.\", \"描述\": \"The Department of Defense issues personal security clearances at the Top Secret, Secret, and Confidential levels. Since Marine snipers are often involved in highly specialized missions, you must have reached Secret clearance before you can begin sniper training.\\nTo receive secret clearance, you must be a U.S. citizen or naturalized citizen, work in a position that the Department of Defense determines necessitates this clearance, and undergo a background investigation. Your security clearance may also need to be periodically renewed.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Receive an “expert” rifle qualification.\", \"描述\": \"Excellent marksmanship is an essential skill of any sniper, and so the Marines must qualify you beforehand at the “expert” level of rifle usage.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Have no record of getting a court marshall or receiving Non-Judicial Punishment (NJP) within the last six months.\", \"描述\": \"Marine snipers are a select, elite group entrusted with highly specialized missions. Superior conduct is expected from those hoping to begin sniper training.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Have at least 24 months remaining in the Marine Corps, and/or be scheduled to deploy with your unit after completing sniper training.\", \"描述\": \"The training provided to Marine snipers is extensive and takes significant time to complete. The Marines want to ensure that the investment of time and effort to train snipers is worth it, so you will need to make a long-term commitment to the service.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Have no existing family or financial problems that would prevent you from undergoing sniper training.\", \"描述\": \"Marine sniper training and service requires great focus. If there are family or financial problems that can distract you, it may be difficult to complete the tasks required.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Consider completed recommended training.\", \"描述\": \"Certain qualifications are not necessarily required to begin sniper training, but having them may increase your chances of being selected for the program. These include:\\nCompletion of Marines Corps Institute (MCI) or distance learning in the following areas: Land Navigation, Infantry Patrolling, Basic Forward Observer Procedures, and Reconnaissance\\nAttendance at Sniper platoon training\\nCompletion of an infantry training cycle or deployment\\nSwimming certification at class 2 or higher\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Training\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Serve in a battalion scout-sniper platoon.\", \"描述\": \"Battalion-level sniper training is available for candidates who pass a two-week indoctrination course. After serving in a battalion-level scout-sniper platoon, you may be eligible to attend a formal Marine Scout Sniper course. If you are interested in becoming a sniper, ask your superiors about attaining battalion-level training as a first step.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pass physical fitness tests.\", \"描述\": \"As soon as you begin training as a Marine sniper, you will need to pass physical fitness tests (PFT) at a first class level (score of 225). Thus, it is a good idea to train beforehand to ensure that you will be able to pass these tests. Components of these tests include:\\nA timed three mile run\\nPull-ups, untimed for men; flexed-arm hang, timed, for women\\nCrunches, two minutes, timed\\nAn 880-yard sprint\\nAn ammunition lift (30 pounds over your head, two minutes)\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Volunteer to attend a Scout Sniper basic course.\", \"描述\": \"In order to become a Marine sniper, you must complete a training course at one of the four School of Infantry locations. These include the Scout Sniper Instruction School, Quantico, VA; the School of Infantry (SOI) East at Camp Geiger, North Carolina; the SOI West at Camp Pendleton, California; and the Marines Corps Base (MCB) in Kaneohe, Hawaii. To take one of these courses, you must volunteer and be selected by your unit, so talk to your superiors if you are interested in the opportunity. The Scout Sniper Course (SSC) is a twelve-week training program, designed to educate designated trainees in the basic techniques and equipment of Marine snipers. It is divided into three phases.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Complete Phase 1 of the Scout Sniper basic course, Field Skills and Known Distance Marksmanship.\", \"描述\": \"Though classwork and practical applications, this phase will introduce students to basic tasks of snipers, including land navigation, functional fitness, marksmanship, ballistics, cold bore, and range estimation. Students will receive training in shooting at known distances using the M40 series sniper rifle and Semi-Automatic Sniper System (SASS). Practical training will cover hides and surveillance, and coursework will cover mission planning and orders writing.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Complete Phase 2 of the Scout Sniper basic course, Stalking and Unknown Distance Marksmanship.\", \"描述\": \"This phase equips students with knowledge and skills to engage with moving and unknown distance targets. Topics include camouflaging sniper equipment, firing positions, and methods of engaging targets at various ranges. By the end of this phase, students will demonstrate mastery of target movements at distances of 1,000 meters, and of engaging targets at unknown distances up to 800 meters.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Complete Phase 3 of the Scout Sniper basic course, Mission Planning and Employment.\", \"描述\": \"In this phase, students receive instructions regarding the duties of each billet within a scout sniper team, in order to equip them with the knowledge and skills necessary to plan sniper missions. The phase will end with a performance evaluation designed to test students’ abilities to plan, coordinate, and execute an assigned mission.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Consider being either a spotter or a sniper.\", \"描述\": \"Marine sniper courses actually cover training for two roles, snipers and spotters. Depending on your skills and your unit’s needs, you may train and/or serve as one or both.\\nA sniper makes precision fires on selected targets, often from long ranges. Snipers also conduct surveillance and reconnaissance.\\nSpotters detect, observe, and confirm sniper targets, and calculate the range and wind conditions on a given target. They also conduct surveillance and reconnaissance.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Complete an advanced sniper course.\", \"描述\": \"The Marines Special Operations School offers a four-week course to certify existing snipers at the advanced level. This is a great way to enhance your skills and move your career forward. The course is divided into five blocks:\\nBlock 1 teaches fundamental skills, offers ballistic training, and exercises live firing at 100-200 meters.\\nBlock 2 trains snipers in the use of ballistic software, sniper equipment, engagement techniques, known distance shooting, and the practical application of equipment.\\nBlock 3 covers sniper tactics and employment, foreign weapons, ballistic testing, glass shooting, unknown distance shooting (day and night) with various rifles, and the shooting of moving targets.\\nBlock 4 provides qualification through a composite score based on four drills including barricade shooting, day and night shooting at an unknown distance, and spotter qualification.\\nBlock 5 covers aerial sniping, explosive loophole breaching, loophole shooting, side-prone shooting, high-angle shooting, urban hides, vehicle hides, and the practical application of surveillance equipment. Block 5 also entails a culminating exercise of a four-day scenario in which sniper teams locate targets, conduct surveillance, and eliminate targets as part of a Marine Special Operations Team.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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How to Become a Marksman (Snipe) With a Pistol
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1. Steps
1-1. Choose a good pistol.
Though any pistol can be wielded better, the weapon can seriously limit the ultimate success of being a marksman with your pistol. Here are some generalities to look at when purchasing a weapon. The generalities deal with single-shot, long-range accuracy; this is not including considerations like self defense, durability, or price. None of these are concrete as there are exceptions to all of them, and a pistol that fits you personally is always the best choice.
Larger pistols are more accurate than smaller ones.
Larger pistols will fit more peoples' hands than smaller ones.
Longer barrels mean higher muzzle velocities which mean flatter bullet trajectories.
Lighter, high-velocity bullets are more accurate at common pistol ranges (out to 50+ yards).
Heavy bullets are more accurate at longer ranges (100+ yards).
Smaller calibers are cheaper to shoot, which means you can practice more.
Smaller calibers mean less recoil, which in turn mean faster follow-up shots, or more people can comfortably shoot it.
For semi-automatic pistols, double-action only (DAO) (AKA Quick Action) pistols are less accurate than double/single-action (DA/SA) or single-action (SA).
Expensive guns aren't necessarily accurate or shoot well often due to limits of the user.
Your gun is more accurate than you are.
1-2. So from the generalities above, a large SA (or DA/SA) pistol with a long barrel would be best.
Examples of such weapons are the H&K USP Elite, Desert Eagle 14-inch barrel, or target pistols by Hämmerli and other high-quality target gun makers. These are not cheap pistols by any means, but they are match-grade firearms and will serve you well.
Always try every firearm you intend on buying before you buy it. Try to go to a range that carries that firearm type and test it. Make sure you're comfortable with gripping, aiming and handling it.
1-3. While a public shooting range is a common place to practice, it is not necessarily the most optimal location to practice your long-range accuracy.
A friend with lots of land and a safe place to shoot is often best. This allows you to set up custom distances to targets and become adept at any range with any size target.
Treat every visit to the range as an opportunity to learn.
1-4. Start your practice out with some stretches.
This sounds really weird, but it will loosen your muscles and allow you to have more steady hands and body.
1-5. Do some warm-up shots (maybe at 15 yards).
Find where you (and your gun) are shooting. If you find yourself not able to keep consistent groupings at this range, practice shooting very slowly and being patient until your sights move over your target. Once you figure out where your sights are compared to where you are shooting (optimally, the bullet should end up in line with your front sight, but hopefully slightly above it – if you know how far off you are, a gunsmith can likely correct your sights) you can continue to the practice you came for.
1-6. When you first start shooting at long-distance targets, it is best to start closer and move your way up.
A good starting distance is about 25 yards (22.9 m). Though this is much further than most people are used to, if you are going to be good at long range, you must practice at long range. When you start you may find yourself unable to hit a body-sized target consistently, but over time you will find you can hit cans 90% of the time at this range.
1-7. Your stance should be what is most comfortable to you.
It is often best to (if you are right handed) to place your left foot forward, and about shoulder-length diagonally behind that, your right foot. Bring your right hand straight forward as if you are attempting to touch the target, keep your elbow loose, but close to lock; this is the hand that will hold the grip of the gun. Your left arm will be bent at about a 120 degree angle. Your right arm controls the vertical angle of the gun; your left arm controls the horizontal position. You left elbow should be about pointed directly at the ground.
Prone: You need to practice lying on the ground. Your stance on the ground should be such: lay on your belly. Then roll slightly to the firing side. Place your support knee and elbow down on the ground. You will be a bit sideways, but your firing arm will be completely flush with the ground with your head resting on it looking down the sights. This allows burden-free breathing and a very stable platform.
Crouching: This can give you a very stable platform for shooting accurately. Put your firing leg behind you and essentially sit down on the heel of your foot. Your firing knee will be on the ground and your toe. Rest your support elbow on your support knee. You are in a tripod position (support foot, firing toe and firing knee), and you are in an arrangement where you can move quickly (practice moving periodically to and from the crouching position).
1-8. Lean your head slightly to the right to line up your right eye with the sights of the gun.
You may need to move your right wrist to adjust the sights to point forward. To aim, move your body (in this stance) until the gun lines up with the target.
1-9. Slowly breathe, relax, and attempt to lineup the sights over the target.
For target shooting, it is often best to overlay the front sight on your intended target, while focusing on the front sight, or somewhere in between the target and your front sight (this should only be used if you have ample time to aim). Do not focus on the target; focus near the front sight, concentrating all of your mind on creating a perfect "sight picture" where the rear sight and front site line up completely. The target should be a blur beyond your firearm. If speed is an issue: 99% of the time it would be best to focus completely on your front sight.
1-10. You will find with practice that your breathing and ability to not get excited and remain calm are the primarily challenges when keeping your sights on your target.
This can only be overcome with practice. Breathe in and out normally before shooting, then take a slightly deeper breath before exhaling completely and relaxing your lungs. It is during this relaxation point (*not* forcing air out, just relaxing) that your shot should be taken.
1-11. The "sight picture" should, on traditional iron sights, resemble a shape like III, where the front sight is framed perfectly by the borders of the rear site.
Keep in mind this means horizontal as well as vertical! This perfect picture should then be placed below the target (not obscuring it) and the gun should then be fired.
1-12. A gun should be 'zeroed' (adjusted) to aim accurately when the sight picture is placed directly below the target.
It is in this manner that making artificial adjustments (e.g., aiming left or high) is avoided and a gun aimed straight and true to a perfectly aligned sight picture will deliver a round to the desired target accurately.
1-13. Different ammunition shoots differently (and more or less accurately) for different guns.
Try various types for your firearm and determine which groups best for your gun.
1-14. Novice shooters often pride themselves on a bulls-eye when the rest of their shots lie all over the target.
Even a handful of marbles thrown at the target will probably hit here and there; this doesn't demonstrate skill, only luck. Concentrate on grouping your shots close together; this is the first sign of an effective marksman and demonstrates consistency in shooting.
1-15. Once you have the sights correctly aligned and have placed a perfect sight picture on your target, you want to slowly pull the trigger directly toward the back of the gun, with the trigger on or past the last joint on your index finger (pull straight, slowly, and consistently between shots).
With a DA/SA pistol, you should have already pulled the hammer back (it is now in SA mode). Based on the gun, you may have anywhere between a 2 and 8 lb pull. The lighter the trigger, the easier it is to be accurate (though with DAO pistols, there is a "sweet spot" that can be found to reduce the trigger pull; find it by firing a shot, without releasing the trigger; slowly move your finger forward until the trigger clicks, you can then pull the trigger again to fire).
1-16. When the shot fires see where the bullet landed (high, low, left, right, or any combination).
This may take some practice, but you will be able to determine if the shot missed because the sights aren't lined up, your arm was swaying and/or your timing was off, or you anticipated the shot.
When a shot lands left of the target for a right-handed person, it means they are squeezing the whole gun instead of just the trigger when they are firing.
When a shot lands right of the target for a right-handed person, it means they either have too much finger on the trigger or they are pushing in with their grip-fingers on the firing hand.
Shots very seldom land high, but when they do, it sometimes means the shooter is anticipating the recoil and pull up before a shot.
If a shot lands low, it is often because the shooter is either mashing the trigger (gripping the trigger and the gun, and pulling too quickly) or more likely because they are anticipating the recoil and thus pushing down on the gun before it actually fires.
Anticipating the recoil is one of the most common reasons a person cannot shoot a gun accurately. The person will expect the gun to recoil, so before the round has fired, they will move their wrist, pointing the gun down or up, depending on the shooter. A very easy way to identify this is by handing the person a gun they are very familiar with. Make sure it is unloaded, but tell them it is loaded. When they line up their shot, and pull the trigger, they will move the gun themselves.
To break this habit, here are a few techniques.
The simplest is to concentrate on your trigger pull. Point in to the target and slowly pull the trigger. Just keep building pressure as slowly and evenly as you can. It could take up to 10 seconds for the gun to fire. The purpose is to get a "surprise break" meaning that you don't know when the gun is going to fire, thus you can't compensate for it. A gun with a smooth trigger and a crisp break are more likely to prevent this situation as you are less likely to feel when the gun is going to fire as your pull the trigger.
The second technique is essentially the same, except it removes all possibility of the user anticipating the recoil. Point in to the target and keep your front sight on the target as best you can. Have a friend put their finger in the trigger guard and pull the trigger for you (either your finger on the index point, or on the trigger under their finger). Make sure the person actually doing the pulling does it very slowly and keeps their hand (mainly their thumb) away from the back of the gun (where the slide will clip them). This method is very awkward, but it will prove that trigger pull is one of the most important elements in firing a gun.
Many shooters, even experienced ones, flinch without realizing it. Anticipating the recoil can manifest itself as subtle movements that are masked by the actual recoil of the gun, and therefore go unnoticed by the shooter or observers. You can easily test this using a snap cap http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snap_cap. As stated in the link, “A snap cap is a device which appears similar to a standard firearm cartridge but contains no primer or projectile and is used to dry fire the weapon. Snap caps usually contain a spring-dampened false primer which absorbs the force from the firing pin allowing you to safely test-fire the gun without damaging the components.”
Have a friend load your gun for you, but replacing one loaded round with a snap cap of the same caliber, positioned in the magazine (for a pistol) or cylinder (for a revolver) at random. As you proceed to fire all rounds, you’ll eventually find the snap cap, but you won’t know it until after you’ve pulled the trigger. At that moment, it will be obvious to you – If your site picture is rock steady, you’ve mastered the weapon’s recoil. If the gun jumps in your hand like a live round just went off, you need more practice. This is a simple, inexpensive test, but the results may surprise you.
1-17. Practice at this range until you consistently are able to hit a chest-sized target (about a 20-inch diameter circle).
Move the target back about 10 yards (9.1 m). Practice the cycle again. Maintain constant breathing patterns. If your sights are off, get new ones put on to compensate, or have a gunsmith fix the current ones. The 3-dot sight system is the preference of some, but other people prefer different style sights. Adjustable sights also make it easy to change the zero-point on your gun at any point.
After you move the target back a time or two more, you will find that you are able to practice and eventually be able to consistently hit that chest-sized target at further and further distances.
At some point, go back to the close target, and impress yourself at how well you are able to make tight groupings. This way you give yourself more confidence as you are able to see marked improvement.
1-18. If your sights hit in the correct location (not high or low) at 40 or 50 yards (36.6 or 45.7 m) (this is best), you will find that at 60 or 70 yards (54.9 or 64.0 m) you will need to compensate for bullet drop by aiming higher; it may only be a couple inches, but you will need to get used to it.
At 100 yards (91.4 m) there is significant bullet drop (about 10-15 inches for a standard .45), and wind becomes a bit of a factor. While standing you may find you can go further than 100 yards (91.4 m). Push yourself and find your limit. While prone our crouching with a support, you will find you can land consistent shots out to 200 yards (182.9 m).
Terminal ballistic abilities at 200 or more yards for the most common pistol are questionable. At very long distances heavier bullets hold a greater percentage of their energy due to aerodynamic coefficients.
Tips
The secret is to control front sight when squeezing the trigger. The shooter should be “surprised” when the round goes off.
Before you go out shooting, do not consume any alcohol, but also do not consume caffeine. While alcohol will diminish your ability to function and make good decisions, caffeine will also diminish your ability to control your minute motor functions (i.e.: you may have extra sway or even shake if you have caffeine in your blood).
Be sure to clean your gun after using it. Moisture and dirt can corrode or damage your firearm if used in such a state.
Warnings
Be sure to know what is down range. Bullets can travel for miles or can bounce and ricochet into unintended directions.
Any firearm should only be shot in a safe and legal location. Be aware of state and local laws on use and transportation of a firearm and follow them carefully. Laws change drastically between states and can change between counties or even cities.
A pistol can inflict much harm or even death. Be sure to always point the pistol in a safe direction and never point it at something you do not intend to shoot.
Firearms are dangerous. Only use a pistol or other firearm if you are an experienced shooter or have a very experienced shooter directly supervising you.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Choose a good pistol.\\nThough any pistol can be wielded better, the weapon can seriously limit the ultimate success of being a marksman with your pistol. Here are some generalities to look at when purchasing a weapon. The generalities deal with single-shot, long-range accuracy; this is not including considerations like self defense, durability, or price. None of these are concrete as there are exceptions to all of them, and a pistol that fits you personally is always the best choice.\\nLarger pistols are more accurate than smaller ones.\\nLarger pistols will fit more peoples' hands than smaller ones.\\nLonger barrels mean higher muzzle velocities which mean flatter bullet trajectories.\\nLighter, high-velocity bullets are more accurate at common pistol ranges (out to 50+ yards).\\nHeavy bullets are more accurate at longer ranges (100+ yards).\\nSmaller calibers are cheaper to shoot, which means you can practice more.\\nSmaller calibers mean less recoil, which in turn mean faster follow-up shots, or more people can comfortably shoot it.\\nFor semi-automatic pistols, double-action only (DAO) (AKA Quick Action) pistols are less accurate than double/single-action (DA/SA) or single-action (SA).\\nExpensive guns aren't necessarily accurate or shoot well often due to limits of the user.\\nYour gun is more accurate than you are.\\n1-2. So from the generalities above, a large SA (or DA/SA) pistol with a long barrel would be best.\\nExamples of such weapons are the H&K USP Elite, Desert Eagle 14-inch barrel, or target pistols by Hämmerli and other high-quality target gun makers. These are not cheap pistols by any means, but they are match-grade firearms and will serve you well.\\nAlways try every firearm you intend on buying before you buy it. Try to go to a range that carries that firearm type and test it. Make sure you're comfortable with gripping, aiming and handling it.\\n1-3. While a public shooting range is a common place to practice, it is not necessarily the most optimal location to practice your long-range accuracy.\\nA friend with lots of land and a safe place to shoot is often best. This allows you to set up custom distances to targets and become adept at any range with any size target.\\nTreat every visit to the range as an opportunity to learn.\\n1-4. Start your practice out with some stretches.\\nThis sounds really weird, but it will loosen your muscles and allow you to have more steady hands and body.\\n1-5. Do some warm-up shots (maybe at 15 yards).\\nFind where you (and your gun) are shooting. If you find yourself not able to keep consistent groupings at this range, practice shooting very slowly and being patient until your sights move over your target. Once you figure out where your sights are compared to where you are shooting (optimally, the bullet should end up in line with your front sight, but hopefully slightly above it – if you know how far off you are, a gunsmith can likely correct your sights) you can continue to the practice you came for.\\n1-6. When you first start shooting at long-distance targets, it is best to start closer and move your way up.\\nA good starting distance is about 25 yards (22.9 m). Though this is much further than most people are used to, if you are going to be good at long range, you must practice at long range. When you start you may find yourself unable to hit a body-sized target consistently, but over time you will find you can hit cans 90% of the time at this range.\\n1-7. Your stance should be what is most comfortable to you.\\nIt is often best to (if you are right handed) to place your left foot forward, and about shoulder-length diagonally behind that, your right foot. Bring your right hand straight forward as if you are attempting to touch the target, keep your elbow loose, but close to lock; this is the hand that will hold the grip of the gun. Your left arm will be bent at about a 120 degree angle. Your right arm controls the vertical angle of the gun; your left arm controls the horizontal position. You left elbow should be about pointed directly at the ground.\\nProne: You need to practice lying on the ground. Your stance on the ground should be such: lay on your belly. Then roll slightly to the firing side. Place your support knee and elbow down on the ground. You will be a bit sideways, but your firing arm will be completely flush with the ground with your head resting on it looking down the sights. This allows burden-free breathing and a very stable platform.\\nCrouching: This can give you a very stable platform for shooting accurately. Put your firing leg behind you and essentially sit down on the heel of your foot. Your firing knee will be on the ground and your toe. Rest your support elbow on your support knee. You are in a tripod position (support foot, firing toe and firing knee), and you are in an arrangement where you can move quickly (practice moving periodically to and from the crouching position).\\n1-8. Lean your head slightly to the right to line up your right eye with the sights of the gun.\\nYou may need to move your right wrist to adjust the sights to point forward. To aim, move your body (in this stance) until the gun lines up with the target.\\n1-9. Slowly breathe, relax, and attempt to lineup the sights over the target.\\nFor target shooting, it is often best to overlay the front sight on your intended target, while focusing on the front sight, or somewhere in between the target and your front sight (this should only be used if you have ample time to aim). Do not focus on the target; focus near the front sight, concentrating all of your mind on creating a perfect \\\"sight picture\\\" where the rear sight and front site line up completely. The target should be a blur beyond your firearm. If speed is an issue: 99% of the time it would be best to focus completely on your front sight.\\n1-10. You will find with practice that your breathing and ability to not get excited and remain calm are the primarily challenges when keeping your sights on your target.\\nThis can only be overcome with practice. Breathe in and out normally before shooting, then take a slightly deeper breath before exhaling completely and relaxing your lungs. It is during this relaxation point (*not* forcing air out, just relaxing) that your shot should be taken.\\n1-11. The \\\"sight picture\\\" should, on traditional iron sights, resemble a shape like III, where the front sight is framed perfectly by the borders of the rear site.\\nKeep in mind this means horizontal as well as vertical! This perfect picture should then be placed below the target (not obscuring it) and the gun should then be fired.\\n1-12. A gun should be 'zeroed' (adjusted) to aim accurately when the sight picture is placed directly below the target.\\nIt is in this manner that making artificial adjustments (e.g., aiming left or high) is avoided and a gun aimed straight and true to a perfectly aligned sight picture will deliver a round to the desired target accurately.\\n1-13. Different ammunition shoots differently (and more or less accurately) for different guns.\\nTry various types for your firearm and determine which groups best for your gun.\\n1-14. Novice shooters often pride themselves on a bulls-eye when the rest of their shots lie all over the target.\\nEven a handful of marbles thrown at the target will probably hit here and there; this doesn't demonstrate skill, only luck. Concentrate on grouping your shots close together; this is the first sign of an effective marksman and demonstrates consistency in shooting.\\n1-15. Once you have the sights correctly aligned and have placed a perfect sight picture on your target, you want to slowly pull the trigger directly toward the back of the gun, with the trigger on or past the last joint on your index finger (pull straight, slowly, and consistently between shots).\\nWith a DA/SA pistol, you should have already pulled the hammer back (it is now in SA mode). Based on the gun, you may have anywhere between a 2 and 8 lb pull. The lighter the trigger, the easier it is to be accurate (though with DAO pistols, there is a \\\"sweet spot\\\" that can be found to reduce the trigger pull; find it by firing a shot, without releasing the trigger; slowly move your finger forward until the trigger clicks, you can then pull the trigger again to fire).\\n1-16. When the shot fires see where the bullet landed (high, low, left, right, or any combination).\\nThis may take some practice, but you will be able to determine if the shot missed because the sights aren't lined up, your arm was swaying and/or your timing was off, or you anticipated the shot.\\nWhen a shot lands left of the target for a right-handed person, it means they are squeezing the whole gun instead of just the trigger when they are firing.\\nWhen a shot lands right of the target for a right-handed person, it means they either have too much finger on the trigger or they are pushing in with their grip-fingers on the firing hand.\\nShots very seldom land high, but when they do, it sometimes means the shooter is anticipating the recoil and pull up before a shot.\\nIf a shot lands low, it is often because the shooter is either mashing the trigger (gripping the trigger and the gun, and pulling too quickly) or more likely because they are anticipating the recoil and thus pushing down on the gun before it actually fires.\\nAnticipating the recoil is one of the most common reasons a person cannot shoot a gun accurately. The person will expect the gun to recoil, so before the round has fired, they will move their wrist, pointing the gun down or up, depending on the shooter. A very easy way to identify this is by handing the person a gun they are very familiar with. Make sure it is unloaded, but tell them it is loaded. When they line up their shot, and pull the trigger, they will move the gun themselves.\\nTo break this habit, here are a few techniques.\\nThe simplest is to concentrate on your trigger pull. Point in to the target and slowly pull the trigger. Just keep building pressure as slowly and evenly as you can. It could take up to 10 seconds for the gun to fire. The purpose is to get a \\\"surprise break\\\" meaning that you don't know when the gun is going to fire, thus you can't compensate for it. A gun with a smooth trigger and a crisp break are more likely to prevent this situation as you are less likely to feel when the gun is going to fire as your pull the trigger.\\nThe second technique is essentially the same, except it removes all possibility of the user anticipating the recoil. Point in to the target and keep your front sight on the target as best you can. Have a friend put their finger in the trigger guard and pull the trigger for you (either your finger on the index point, or on the trigger under their finger). Make sure the person actually doing the pulling does it very slowly and keeps their hand (mainly their thumb) away from the back of the gun (where the slide will clip them). This method is very awkward, but it will prove that trigger pull is one of the most important elements in firing a gun.\\nMany shooters, even experienced ones, flinch without realizing it. Anticipating the recoil can manifest itself as subtle movements that are masked by the actual recoil of the gun, and therefore go unnoticed by the shooter or observers. You can easily test this using a snap cap http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snap_cap. As stated in the link, “A snap cap is a device which appears similar to a standard firearm cartridge but contains no primer or projectile and is used to dry fire the weapon. Snap caps usually contain a spring-dampened false primer which absorbs the force from the firing pin allowing you to safely test-fire the gun without damaging the components.”\\nHave a friend load your gun for you, but replacing one loaded round with a snap cap of the same caliber, positioned in the magazine (for a pistol) or cylinder (for a revolver) at random. As you proceed to fire all rounds, you’ll eventually find the snap cap, but you won’t know it until after you’ve pulled the trigger. At that moment, it will be obvious to you – If your site picture is rock steady, you’ve mastered the weapon’s recoil. If the gun jumps in your hand like a live round just went off, you need more practice. This is a simple, inexpensive test, but the results may surprise you.\\n1-17. Practice at this range until you consistently are able to hit a chest-sized target (about a 20-inch diameter circle).\\nMove the target back about 10 yards (9.1 m). Practice the cycle again. Maintain constant breathing patterns. If your sights are off, get new ones put on to compensate, or have a gunsmith fix the current ones. The 3-dot sight system is the preference of some, but other people prefer different style sights. Adjustable sights also make it easy to change the zero-point on your gun at any point.\\nAfter you move the target back a time or two more, you will find that you are able to practice and eventually be able to consistently hit that chest-sized target at further and further distances.\\nAt some point, go back to the close target, and impress yourself at how well you are able to make tight groupings. This way you give yourself more confidence as you are able to see marked improvement.\\n1-18. If your sights hit in the correct location (not high or low) at 40 or 50 yards (36.6 or 45.7 m) (this is best), you will find that at 60 or 70 yards (54.9 or 64.0 m) you will need to compensate for bullet drop by aiming higher; it may only be a couple inches, but you will need to get used to it.\\nAt 100 yards (91.4 m) there is significant bullet drop (about 10-15 inches for a standard .45), and wind becomes a bit of a factor. While standing you may find you can go further than 100 yards (91.4 m). Push yourself and find your limit. While prone our crouching with a support, you will find you can land consistent shots out to 200 yards (182.9 m).\\nTerminal ballistic abilities at 200 or more yards for the most common pistol are questionable. At very long distances heavier bullets hold a greater percentage of their energy due to aerodynamic coefficients.\\nTips\\nThe secret is to control front sight when squeezing the trigger. The shooter should be “surprised” when the round goes off.\\nBefore you go out shooting, do not consume any alcohol, but also do not consume caffeine. While alcohol will diminish your ability to function and make good decisions, caffeine will also diminish your ability to control your minute motor functions (i.e.: you may have extra sway or even shake if you have caffeine in your blood).\\nBe sure to clean your gun after using it. Moisture and dirt can corrode or damage your firearm if used in such a state.\\nWarnings\\nBe sure to know what is down range. Bullets can travel for miles or can bounce and ricochet into unintended directions.\\nAny firearm should only be shot in a safe and legal location. Be aware of state and local laws on use and transportation of a firearm and follow them carefully. Laws change drastically between states and can change between counties or even cities.\\nA pistol can inflict much harm or even death. Be sure to always point the pistol in a safe direction and never point it at something you do not intend to shoot.\\nFirearms are dangerous. Only use a pistol or other firearm if you are an experienced shooter or have a very experienced shooter directly supervising you.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Though the title sounds a bit absurd, it is quite possible to be very accurate over long distances with a pistol. It takes patience, a little bit of talent, dexterity, and lots of practice. This article will give you pointers on how to become a better shot with any pistol at distances of 100 yards (91.4 m), 200 yards (182.9 m), and beyond. Keep in mind (especially with handguns) you may limit how well you are able to accomplish this based on the amount of trigger-time and patience you put into your exercises.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a good pistol.\", \"描述\": \"Though any pistol can be wielded better, the weapon can seriously limit the ultimate success of being a marksman with your pistol. Here are some generalities to look at when purchasing a weapon. The generalities deal with single-shot, long-range accuracy; this is not including considerations like self defense, durability, or price. None of these are concrete as there are exceptions to all of them, and a pistol that fits you personally is always the best choice.\\nLarger pistols are more accurate than smaller ones.\\nLarger pistols will fit more peoples' hands than smaller ones.\\nLonger barrels mean higher muzzle velocities which mean flatter bullet trajectories.\\nLighter, high-velocity bullets are more accurate at common pistol ranges (out to 50+ yards).\\nHeavy bullets are more accurate at longer ranges (100+ yards).\\nSmaller calibers are cheaper to shoot, which means you can practice more.\\nSmaller calibers mean less recoil, which in turn mean faster follow-up shots, or more people can comfortably shoot it.\\nFor semi-automatic pistols, double-action only (DAO) (AKA Quick Action) pistols are less accurate than double/single-action (DA/SA) or single-action (SA).\\nExpensive guns aren't necessarily accurate or shoot well often due to limits of the user.\\nYour gun is more accurate than you are.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"So from the generalities above, a large SA (or DA/SA) pistol with a long barrel would be best.\", \"描述\": \"Examples of such weapons are the H&K USP Elite, Desert Eagle 14-inch barrel, or target pistols by Hämmerli and other high-quality target gun makers. These are not cheap pistols by any means, but they are match-grade firearms and will serve you well.\\nAlways try every firearm you intend on buying before you buy it. Try to go to a range that carries that firearm type and test it. Make sure you're comfortable with gripping, aiming and handling it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"While a public shooting range is a common place to practice, it is not necessarily the most optimal location to practice your long-range accuracy.\", \"描述\": \"A friend with lots of land and a safe place to shoot is often best. This allows you to set up custom distances to targets and become adept at any range with any size target.\\nTreat every visit to the range as an opportunity to learn.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Start your practice out with some stretches.\", \"描述\": \"This sounds really weird, but it will loosen your muscles and allow you to have more steady hands and body.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do some warm-up shots (maybe at 15 yards).\", \"描述\": \"Find where you (and your gun) are shooting. If you find yourself not able to keep consistent groupings at this range, practice shooting very slowly and being patient until your sights move over your target. Once you figure out where your sights are compared to where you are shooting (optimally, the bullet should end up in line with your front sight, but hopefully slightly above it – if you know how far off you are, a gunsmith can likely correct your sights) you can continue to the practice you came for.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"When you first start shooting at long-distance targets, it is best to start closer and move your way up.\", \"描述\": \"A good starting distance is about 25 yards (22.9 m). Though this is much further than most people are used to, if you are going to be good at long range, you must practice at long range. When you start you may find yourself unable to hit a body-sized target consistently, but over time you will find you can hit cans 90% of the time at this range.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Your stance should be what is most comfortable to you.\", \"描述\": \"It is often best to (if you are right handed) to place your left foot forward, and about shoulder-length diagonally behind that, your right foot. Bring your right hand straight forward as if you are attempting to touch the target, keep your elbow loose, but close to lock; this is the hand that will hold the grip of the gun. Your left arm will be bent at about a 120 degree angle. Your right arm controls the vertical angle of the gun; your left arm controls the horizontal position. You left elbow should be about pointed directly at the ground.\\nProne: You need to practice lying on the ground. Your stance on the ground should be such: lay on your belly. Then roll slightly to the firing side. Place your support knee and elbow down on the ground. You will be a bit sideways, but your firing arm will be completely flush with the ground with your head resting on it looking down the sights. This allows burden-free breathing and a very stable platform.\\nCrouching: This can give you a very stable platform for shooting accurately. Put your firing leg behind you and essentially sit down on the heel of your foot. Your firing knee will be on the ground and your toe. Rest your support elbow on your support knee. You are in a tripod position (support foot, firing toe and firing knee), and you are in an arrangement where you can move quickly (practice moving periodically to and from the crouching position).\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Lean your head slightly to the right to line up your right eye with the sights of the gun.\", \"描述\": \"You may need to move your right wrist to adjust the sights to point forward. To aim, move your body (in this stance) until the gun lines up with the target.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Slowly breathe, relax, and attempt to lineup the sights over the target.\", \"描述\": \"For target shooting, it is often best to overlay the front sight on your intended target, while focusing on the front sight, or somewhere in between the target and your front sight (this should only be used if you have ample time to aim). Do not focus on the target; focus near the front sight, concentrating all of your mind on creating a perfect \\\"sight picture\\\" where the rear sight and front site line up completely. The target should be a blur beyond your firearm. If speed is an issue: 99% of the time it would be best to focus completely on your front sight.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"You will find with practice that your breathing and ability to not get excited and remain calm are the primarily challenges when keeping your sights on your target.\", \"描述\": \"This can only be overcome with practice. Breathe in and out normally before shooting, then take a slightly deeper breath before exhaling completely and relaxing your lungs. It is during this relaxation point (*not* forcing air out, just relaxing) that your shot should be taken.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"The \\\"sight picture\\\" should, on traditional iron sights, resemble a shape like III, where the front sight is framed perfectly by the borders of the rear site.\", \"描述\": \"Keep in mind this means horizontal as well as vertical! This perfect picture should then be placed below the target (not obscuring it) and the gun should then be fired.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"A gun should be 'zeroed' (adjusted) to aim accurately when the sight picture is placed directly below the target.\", \"描述\": \"It is in this manner that making artificial adjustments (e.g., aiming left or high) is avoided and a gun aimed straight and true to a perfectly aligned sight picture will deliver a round to the desired target accurately.\"}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"Different ammunition shoots differently (and more or less accurately) for different guns.\", \"描述\": \"Try various types for your firearm and determine which groups best for your gun.\"}, {\"编号\": 14, \"标题\": \"Novice shooters often pride themselves on a bulls-eye when the rest of their shots lie all over the target.\", \"描述\": \"Even a handful of marbles thrown at the target will probably hit here and there; this doesn't demonstrate skill, only luck. Concentrate on grouping your shots close together; this is the first sign of an effective marksman and demonstrates consistency in shooting.\"}, {\"编号\": 15, \"标题\": \"Once you have the sights correctly aligned and have placed a perfect sight picture on your target, you want to slowly pull the trigger directly toward the back of the gun, with the trigger on or past the last joint on your index finger (pull straight, slowly, and consistently between shots).\", \"描述\": \"With a DA/SA pistol, you should have already pulled the hammer back (it is now in SA mode). Based on the gun, you may have anywhere between a 2 and 8 lb pull. The lighter the trigger, the easier it is to be accurate (though with DAO pistols, there is a \\\"sweet spot\\\" that can be found to reduce the trigger pull; find it by firing a shot, without releasing the trigger; slowly move your finger forward until the trigger clicks, you can then pull the trigger again to fire).\"}, {\"编号\": 16, \"标题\": \"When the shot fires see where the bullet landed (high, low, left, right, or any combination).\", \"描述\": \"This may take some practice, but you will be able to determine if the shot missed because the sights aren't lined up, your arm was swaying and/or your timing was off, or you anticipated the shot.\\nWhen a shot lands left of the target for a right-handed person, it means they are squeezing the whole gun instead of just the trigger when they are firing.\\nWhen a shot lands right of the target for a right-handed person, it means they either have too much finger on the trigger or they are pushing in with their grip-fingers on the firing hand.\\nShots very seldom land high, but when they do, it sometimes means the shooter is anticipating the recoil and pull up before a shot.\\nIf a shot lands low, it is often because the shooter is either mashing the trigger (gripping the trigger and the gun, and pulling too quickly) or more likely because they are anticipating the recoil and thus pushing down on the gun before it actually fires.\\nAnticipating the recoil is one of the most common reasons a person cannot shoot a gun accurately. The person will expect the gun to recoil, so before the round has fired, they will move their wrist, pointing the gun down or up, depending on the shooter. A very easy way to identify this is by handing the person a gun they are very familiar with. Make sure it is unloaded, but tell them it is loaded. When they line up their shot, and pull the trigger, they will move the gun themselves.\\nTo break this habit, here are a few techniques.\\nThe simplest is to concentrate on your trigger pull. Point in to the target and slowly pull the trigger. Just keep building pressure as slowly and evenly as you can. It could take up to 10 seconds for the gun to fire. The purpose is to get a \\\"surprise break\\\" meaning that you don't know when the gun is going to fire, thus you can't compensate for it. A gun with a smooth trigger and a crisp break are more likely to prevent this situation as you are less likely to feel when the gun is going to fire as your pull the trigger.\\nThe second technique is essentially the same, except it removes all possibility of the user anticipating the recoil. Point in to the target and keep your front sight on the target as best you can. Have a friend put their finger in the trigger guard and pull the trigger for you (either your finger on the index point, or on the trigger under their finger). Make sure the person actually doing the pulling does it very slowly and keeps their hand (mainly their thumb) away from the back of the gun (where the slide will clip them). This method is very awkward, but it will prove that trigger pull is one of the most important elements in firing a gun.\\nMany shooters, even experienced ones, flinch without realizing it. Anticipating the recoil can manifest itself as subtle movements that are masked by the actual recoil of the gun, and therefore go unnoticed by the shooter or observers. You can easily test this using a snap cap http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snap_cap. As stated in the link, “A snap cap is a device which appears similar to a standard firearm cartridge but contains no primer or projectile and is used to dry fire the weapon. Snap caps usually contain a spring-dampened false primer which absorbs the force from the firing pin allowing you to safely test-fire the gun without damaging the components.”\\nHave a friend load your gun for you, but replacing one loaded round with a snap cap of the same caliber, positioned in the magazine (for a pistol) or cylinder (for a revolver) at random. As you proceed to fire all rounds, you’ll eventually find the snap cap, but you won’t know it until after you’ve pulled the trigger. At that moment, it will be obvious to you – If your site picture is rock steady, you’ve mastered the weapon’s recoil. If the gun jumps in your hand like a live round just went off, you need more practice. This is a simple, inexpensive test, but the results may surprise you.\"}, {\"编号\": 17, \"标题\": \"Practice at this range until you consistently are able to hit a chest-sized target (about a 20-inch diameter circle).\", \"描述\": \"Move the target back about 10 yards (9.1 m). Practice the cycle again. Maintain constant breathing patterns. If your sights are off, get new ones put on to compensate, or have a gunsmith fix the current ones. The 3-dot sight system is the preference of some, but other people prefer different style sights. Adjustable sights also make it easy to change the zero-point on your gun at any point.\\nAfter you move the target back a time or two more, you will find that you are able to practice and eventually be able to consistently hit that chest-sized target at further and further distances.\\nAt some point, go back to the close target, and impress yourself at how well you are able to make tight groupings. This way you give yourself more confidence as you are able to see marked improvement.\"}, {\"编号\": 18, \"标题\": \"If your sights hit in the correct location (not high or low) at 40 or 50 yards (36.6 or 45.7 m) (this is best), you will find that at 60 or 70 yards (54.9 or 64.0 m) you will need to compensate for bullet drop by aiming higher; it may only be a couple inches, but you will need to get used to it.\", \"描述\": \"At 100 yards (91.4 m) there is significant bullet drop (about 10-15 inches for a standard .45), and wind becomes a bit of a factor. While standing you may find you can go further than 100 yards (91.4 m). Push yourself and find your limit. While prone our crouching with a support, you will find you can land consistent shots out to 200 yards (182.9 m).\\nTerminal ballistic abilities at 200 or more yards for the most common pistol are questionable. At very long distances heavier bullets hold a greater percentage of their energy due to aerodynamic coefficients.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The secret is to control front sight when squeezing the trigger. The shooter should be “surprised” when the round goes off.\\n\", \"Before you go out shooting, do not consume any alcohol, but also do not consume caffeine. While alcohol will diminish your ability to function and make good decisions, caffeine will also diminish your ability to control your minute motor functions (i.e.: you may have extra sway or even shake if you have caffeine in your blood).\\n\", \"Be sure to clean your gun after using it. Moisture and dirt can corrode or damage your firearm if used in such a state.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be sure to know what is down range. Bullets can travel for miles or can bounce and ricochet into unintended directions.\\n\", \"Any firearm should only be shot in a safe and legal location. Be aware of state and local laws on use and transportation of a firearm and follow them carefully. Laws change drastically between states and can change between counties or even cities.\\n\", \"A pistol can inflict much harm or even death. Be sure to always point the pistol in a safe direction and never point it at something you do not intend to shoot.\\n\", \"Firearms are dangerous. Only use a pistol or other firearm if you are an experienced shooter or have a very experienced shooter directly supervising you.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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5,514 |
How to Become a Martial Arts Instructor
|
1. Gaining the Necessary Experience
1-1. Choose a style.
Investigate different martial arts to find one that captures your interest. There are hundreds upon hundreds of styles from all over the world, from traditional arts like Hung Gar, pencak silat, and Shorin-ryu karate to more sport-oriented disciplines like kickboxing, judo, kendo, and mixed martial arts (MMA). Each style distinguishes itself through its collection of techniques, tactics, training methods, and philosophical approach to combat and physical wellness.
Once you've researched a wide variety of styles, narrow down your search to the ones that are taught in your area so you'll know what options are available to you.
When comparing various disciplines, take your own physical strengths and limitations into consideration. For example, wushu is a dynamic style well-suited to young, athletic students, whereas a softer art like aikido may be better for people who have a history of injury.
1-2. Dedicate yourself to your training.
Enroll in classes and get started on your journey. Absorb everything you can, making an effort to understand not just the performance of each technique but the intent behind it. It's important for you to take your training seriously if your goal is to eventually teach others.
New students should make an effort to practice for a minimum of 3-5 hours a week.
Put particular emphasis on the basics. These will serve as the foundation for everything you'll learn from here on out, in business as well as martial arts.
1-3. Achieve a basic level of mastery.
Train hard to earn your first degree black belt, or an equivalent rank in your respective style. Until then, put aside thoughts of teaching. Your main focus at this stage should be sharpening your own skills. Prospective students will be more willing to learn from an instructor who has demonstrated competency in their art.
In most styles with ranking and promotion systems, attaining a basic level of mastery can take anywhere from 4-6 years.
Kukkiwon Taekwondo, for instance, promotes students based on their ability to perform key techniques, which may be done in as little as 3 years, depending on your work ethic. By contrast, jiu-jitsu is a discipline where progression is notoriously slow, often taking as long as 10 years.
1-4. Learn about the history of your style.
As an instructor, you'll not only be responsible for helping students develop their technical proficiency, but imparting some of the unique cultural character of your style. Martial arts are many things—history, philosophy, art, ritual, and lifestyle. Each of these aspect has an important role to play in the discipline, and should not be neglected.
Traditional martial arts are often viewed as a kind of heirloom, passed down from generation to generation.
It's often necessary to understand the history of a style in order to understand how it has evolved to its current form.
2. Becoming a Certified Instructor
2-1. Become a member of your discipline's national governing body.
Most contemporary martial arts are presided over some sort of regulatory organization. These organizations create universal regulations, hold competitions, and offer guidance for proper business practices in schools where the style is taught. If you hope to teach one day, you'll first need to belong to your style's governing body.
Contact the local chapter of the organization to find out more about their specific membership requirements.
Getting your foot in the door is often as simple as being issued a special card or certificate. Membership fees may also apply.
2-2. Apply for instructor certification.
Now that you're a member of your style's governing body, your next step is to put in your request for an official coaching qualification. This will typically involve one or more intensive instructor training courses, as well as some sort of comprehensive exam containing both a practical demonstration and a written portion to test your knowledge of the style's history and theory.
There will usually be a one-time or recurring fee for processing your exam results and receiving your instructor's certificate.
In some cases, you may be expected to hold as assistant instructor's position for 6-12 months before being awarded full instructor status.
2-3. Keep up with the requisite annual training hours.
It isn't enough to simply earn your coaching qualification—you must maintain it. Many NGBs ask their instructors to provide proof of regular teaching hours each year. The exact number will vary from organization to organization, but is often somewhere in the 40-60 hour range.
Make time to attend instructor programs, seminars, and competitive events regularly to stay on top of your game.
No matter what style you represent, continuing your own education will improve your instruction immeasurably.
2-4. Apply for an instructor position.
When you're first starting out, it may be easier to get your foot in the door at an established school than to pull together the resources needed to open your own studio. Visit schools in your area to advertise your services and see if they have a need for a new junior instructor. There, you can cement your abilities and begin developing your own unique teaching style.
Getting some experience teaching at a well-known school can give you a decided advantage when it comes time to set out on your own.
3. Opening Your Own School
3-1. Find a suitable space for your school.
Lease a building to base your operations out of. While you're shopping around for the perfect headquarters, your first priority will be to secure a location large enough to teach a full class of students, with additional room for parents and spectators as needed. Other facilities, such a private office, store room, and restrooms and locker rooms for both men and women, should be provided for or added onto your existing space.
Look for properties that are conveniently located and easy to find. This will make more your school more attractive to students coming from neighboring towns.
Make sure you have the financial means to pay the monthly lease. Money may be tight for the first few months while you're first building momentum.
3-2. Fulfill the legal obligations for your state or territory.
As with any other business, there will be a lot of paperwork to complete before you can open your doors. For starters, apply for the correct type of business license so that your school will be recognized as a legitimate business by your local government. Liability insurance is also a must to protect yourself in the event that a student or another instructor gets hurt.
Read through the provisions of your business license carefully so you'll know what sorts of practices are acceptable.
If you're feeling overwhelmed, consider hiring a lawyer to help you sort through the various forms and documents.
3-3. Acquire the necessary training equipment.
Make a list of all the material items you'll need to begin operating. This will include things like floor mats, punching bags, practice weapons, regulation sparring gear, and mirrors for analyzing the students' form. You'll accumulate more equipment steadily in the coming months and years, so just for stock up on enough to effectively teach your first crop of students for now.
Once you've drafted and double checked your list, put in an order with a wholesale martial arts supplier, such as Tiger Claw, Century, or Asian World of Martial Arts.
3-4. Hire other qualified instructors.
As your school flourishes, you might to decide bring in additional employees to take over a share of the teaching duties. Evaluate each candidate's credentials, then make time to interview them one-on-one to get a sense of their character. Expertise matters, but so do deeper intangible qualities like humility, patience, and discipline.
Only align yourself with instructors who are compatible with your moral sensibilities and share in the vision you have for your school.
When it comes to being respected as a martial arts instructor, the strength of your communication style is every bit as important as the strength of your technique.
When you're choosing instructors to work with you, look for people who really care for and value their students. They should take their students' success personally.
Tips
Whether you're a novice or a grandmaster, patience is key. Business won't take off overnight, but your passion and dedication to the martial arts will
Surround yourself with other knowledgeable martial artists and take every opportunity you can to learn from them. Every practitioner has something to offer.
Though not a necessity, enjoying a successful competitive career can be a great way to build your reputation as a capable martial artist, which can in turn draw students to your school.
Warnings
Martial arts instructors often make the mistake of focusing too much on spreading their art and not enough on the business end of things. To make it as a school owner, you'll have to devote equal time to training, administration, financial management, and marketing.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Gaining the Necessary Experience\\n1-1. Choose a style.\\nInvestigate different martial arts to find one that captures your interest. There are hundreds upon hundreds of styles from all over the world, from traditional arts like Hung Gar, pencak silat, and Shorin-ryu karate to more sport-oriented disciplines like kickboxing, judo, kendo, and mixed martial arts (MMA). Each style distinguishes itself through its collection of techniques, tactics, training methods, and philosophical approach to combat and physical wellness.\\nOnce you've researched a wide variety of styles, narrow down your search to the ones that are taught in your area so you'll know what options are available to you.\\nWhen comparing various disciplines, take your own physical strengths and limitations into consideration. For example, wushu is a dynamic style well-suited to young, athletic students, whereas a softer art like aikido may be better for people who have a history of injury.\\n1-2. Dedicate yourself to your training.\\nEnroll in classes and get started on your journey. Absorb everything you can, making an effort to understand not just the performance of each technique but the intent behind it. It's important for you to take your training seriously if your goal is to eventually teach others.\\nNew students should make an effort to practice for a minimum of 3-5 hours a week.\\nPut particular emphasis on the basics. These will serve as the foundation for everything you'll learn from here on out, in business as well as martial arts.\\n1-3. Achieve a basic level of mastery.\\nTrain hard to earn your first degree black belt, or an equivalent rank in your respective style. Until then, put aside thoughts of teaching. Your main focus at this stage should be sharpening your own skills. Prospective students will be more willing to learn from an instructor who has demonstrated competency in their art.\\nIn most styles with ranking and promotion systems, attaining a basic level of mastery can take anywhere from 4-6 years.\\nKukkiwon Taekwondo, for instance, promotes students based on their ability to perform key techniques, which may be done in as little as 3 years, depending on your work ethic. By contrast, jiu-jitsu is a discipline where progression is notoriously slow, often taking as long as 10 years.\\n1-4. Learn about the history of your style.\\nAs an instructor, you'll not only be responsible for helping students develop their technical proficiency, but imparting some of the unique cultural character of your style. Martial arts are many things—history, philosophy, art, ritual, and lifestyle. Each of these aspect has an important role to play in the discipline, and should not be neglected.\\nTraditional martial arts are often viewed as a kind of heirloom, passed down from generation to generation.\\nIt's often necessary to understand the history of a style in order to understand how it has evolved to its current form.\\n2. Becoming a Certified Instructor\\n2-1. Become a member of your discipline's national governing body.\\nMost contemporary martial arts are presided over some sort of regulatory organization. These organizations create universal regulations, hold competitions, and offer guidance for proper business practices in schools where the style is taught. If you hope to teach one day, you'll first need to belong to your style's governing body.\\nContact the local chapter of the organization to find out more about their specific membership requirements.\\nGetting your foot in the door is often as simple as being issued a special card or certificate. Membership fees may also apply.\\n2-2. Apply for instructor certification.\\nNow that you're a member of your style's governing body, your next step is to put in your request for an official coaching qualification. This will typically involve one or more intensive instructor training courses, as well as some sort of comprehensive exam containing both a practical demonstration and a written portion to test your knowledge of the style's history and theory.\\nThere will usually be a one-time or recurring fee for processing your exam results and receiving your instructor's certificate.\\nIn some cases, you may be expected to hold as assistant instructor's position for 6-12 months before being awarded full instructor status.\\n2-3. Keep up with the requisite annual training hours.\\nIt isn't enough to simply earn your coaching qualification—you must maintain it. Many NGBs ask their instructors to provide proof of regular teaching hours each year. The exact number will vary from organization to organization, but is often somewhere in the 40-60 hour range.\\nMake time to attend instructor programs, seminars, and competitive events regularly to stay on top of your game.\\nNo matter what style you represent, continuing your own education will improve your instruction immeasurably.\\n2-4. Apply for an instructor position.\\nWhen you're first starting out, it may be easier to get your foot in the door at an established school than to pull together the resources needed to open your own studio. Visit schools in your area to advertise your services and see if they have a need for a new junior instructor. There, you can cement your abilities and begin developing your own unique teaching style.\\nGetting some experience teaching at a well-known school can give you a decided advantage when it comes time to set out on your own.\\n3. Opening Your Own School\\n3-1. Find a suitable space for your school.\\nLease a building to base your operations out of. While you're shopping around for the perfect headquarters, your first priority will be to secure a location large enough to teach a full class of students, with additional room for parents and spectators as needed. Other facilities, such a private office, store room, and restrooms and locker rooms for both men and women, should be provided for or added onto your existing space.\\nLook for properties that are conveniently located and easy to find. This will make more your school more attractive to students coming from neighboring towns.\\nMake sure you have the financial means to pay the monthly lease. Money may be tight for the first few months while you're first building momentum.\\n3-2. Fulfill the legal obligations for your state or territory.\\nAs with any other business, there will be a lot of paperwork to complete before you can open your doors. For starters, apply for the correct type of business license so that your school will be recognized as a legitimate business by your local government. Liability insurance is also a must to protect yourself in the event that a student or another instructor gets hurt.\\nRead through the provisions of your business license carefully so you'll know what sorts of practices are acceptable.\\nIf you're feeling overwhelmed, consider hiring a lawyer to help you sort through the various forms and documents.\\n3-3. Acquire the necessary training equipment.\\nMake a list of all the material items you'll need to begin operating. This will include things like floor mats, punching bags, practice weapons, regulation sparring gear, and mirrors for analyzing the students' form. You'll accumulate more equipment steadily in the coming months and years, so just for stock up on enough to effectively teach your first crop of students for now.\\nOnce you've drafted and double checked your list, put in an order with a wholesale martial arts supplier, such as Tiger Claw, Century, or Asian World of Martial Arts.\\n3-4. Hire other qualified instructors.\\nAs your school flourishes, you might to decide bring in additional employees to take over a share of the teaching duties. Evaluate each candidate's credentials, then make time to interview them one-on-one to get a sense of their character. Expertise matters, but so do deeper intangible qualities like humility, patience, and discipline.\\nOnly align yourself with instructors who are compatible with your moral sensibilities and share in the vision you have for your school.\\nWhen it comes to being respected as a martial arts instructor, the strength of your communication style is every bit as important as the strength of your technique.\\nWhen you're choosing instructors to work with you, look for people who really care for and value their students. They should take their students' success personally.\\nTips\\nWhether you're a novice or a grandmaster, patience is key. Business won't take off overnight, but your passion and dedication to the martial arts will\\nSurround yourself with other knowledgeable martial artists and take every opportunity you can to learn from them. Every practitioner has something to offer.\\nThough not a necessity, enjoying a successful competitive career can be a great way to build your reputation as a capable martial artist, which can in turn draw students to your school.\\nWarnings\\nMartial arts instructors often make the mistake of focusing too much on spreading their art and not enough on the business end of things. To make it as a school owner, you'll have to devote equal time to training, administration, financial management, and marketing.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"In martial arts, becoming an instructor represents the final step in your journey as a student and the first towards eventual mastery of a style. Helping new students hone their skills can be a demanding yet rewarding application of years of hard training, but becoming a teacher requires more than ability alone. Once you've gained a considerable amount of experience in your discipline, you'll need to apply for certification in order to be recognized as a reputable teacher of your chosen style. Your primary focus will then be to establish yourself in your area and train a new generation of talented martial artists to keep the tradition alive.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gaining the Necessary Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a style.\", \"描述\": \"Investigate different martial arts to find one that captures your interest. There are hundreds upon hundreds of styles from all over the world, from traditional arts like Hung Gar, pencak silat, and Shorin-ryu karate to more sport-oriented disciplines like kickboxing, judo, kendo, and mixed martial arts (MMA). Each style distinguishes itself through its collection of techniques, tactics, training methods, and philosophical approach to combat and physical wellness.\\nOnce you've researched a wide variety of styles, narrow down your search to the ones that are taught in your area so you'll know what options are available to you.\\nWhen comparing various disciplines, take your own physical strengths and limitations into consideration. For example, wushu is a dynamic style well-suited to young, athletic students, whereas a softer art like aikido may be better for people who have a history of injury.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Dedicate yourself to your training.\", \"描述\": \"Enroll in classes and get started on your journey. Absorb everything you can, making an effort to understand not just the performance of each technique but the intent behind it. It's important for you to take your training seriously if your goal is to eventually teach others.\\nNew students should make an effort to practice for a minimum of 3-5 hours a week.\\nPut particular emphasis on the basics. These will serve as the foundation for everything you'll learn from here on out, in business as well as martial arts.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Achieve a basic level of mastery.\", \"描述\": \"Train hard to earn your first degree black belt, or an equivalent rank in your respective style. Until then, put aside thoughts of teaching. Your main focus at this stage should be sharpening your own skills. Prospective students will be more willing to learn from an instructor who has demonstrated competency in their art.\\nIn most styles with ranking and promotion systems, attaining a basic level of mastery can take anywhere from 4-6 years.\\nKukkiwon Taekwondo, for instance, promotes students based on their ability to perform key techniques, which may be done in as little as 3 years, depending on your work ethic. By contrast, jiu-jitsu is a discipline where progression is notoriously slow, often taking as long as 10 years.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn about the history of your style.\", \"描述\": \"As an instructor, you'll not only be responsible for helping students develop their technical proficiency, but imparting some of the unique cultural character of your style. Martial arts are many things—history, philosophy, art, ritual, and lifestyle. Each of these aspect has an important role to play in the discipline, and should not be neglected.\\nTraditional martial arts are often viewed as a kind of heirloom, passed down from generation to generation.\\nIt's often necessary to understand the history of a style in order to understand how it has evolved to its current form.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Certified Instructor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Become a member of your discipline's national governing body.\", \"描述\": \"Most contemporary martial arts are presided over some sort of regulatory organization. These organizations create universal regulations, hold competitions, and offer guidance for proper business practices in schools where the style is taught. If you hope to teach one day, you'll first need to belong to your style's governing body.\\nContact the local chapter of the organization to find out more about their specific membership requirements.\\nGetting your foot in the door is often as simple as being issued a special card or certificate. Membership fees may also apply.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for instructor certification.\", \"描述\": \"Now that you're a member of your style's governing body, your next step is to put in your request for an official coaching qualification. This will typically involve one or more intensive instructor training courses, as well as some sort of comprehensive exam containing both a practical demonstration and a written portion to test your knowledge of the style's history and theory.\\nThere will usually be a one-time or recurring fee for processing your exam results and receiving your instructor's certificate.\\nIn some cases, you may be expected to hold as assistant instructor's position for 6-12 months before being awarded full instructor status.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep up with the requisite annual training hours.\", \"描述\": \"It isn't enough to simply earn your coaching qualification—you must maintain it. Many NGBs ask their instructors to provide proof of regular teaching hours each year. The exact number will vary from organization to organization, but is often somewhere in the 40-60 hour range.\\nMake time to attend instructor programs, seminars, and competitive events regularly to stay on top of your game.\\nNo matter what style you represent, continuing your own education will improve your instruction immeasurably.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply for an instructor position.\", \"描述\": \"When you're first starting out, it may be easier to get your foot in the door at an established school than to pull together the resources needed to open your own studio. Visit schools in your area to advertise your services and see if they have a need for a new junior instructor. There, you can cement your abilities and begin developing your own unique teaching style.\\nGetting some experience teaching at a well-known school can give you a decided advantage when it comes time to set out on your own.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Opening Your Own School\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a suitable space for your school.\", \"描述\": \"Lease a building to base your operations out of. While you're shopping around for the perfect headquarters, your first priority will be to secure a location large enough to teach a full class of students, with additional room for parents and spectators as needed. Other facilities, such a private office, store room, and restrooms and locker rooms for both men and women, should be provided for or added onto your existing space.\\nLook for properties that are conveniently located and easy to find. This will make more your school more attractive to students coming from neighboring towns.\\nMake sure you have the financial means to pay the monthly lease. Money may be tight for the first few months while you're first building momentum.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fulfill the legal obligations for your state or territory.\", \"描述\": \"As with any other business, there will be a lot of paperwork to complete before you can open your doors. For starters, apply for the correct type of business license so that your school will be recognized as a legitimate business by your local government. Liability insurance is also a must to protect yourself in the event that a student or another instructor gets hurt.\\nRead through the provisions of your business license carefully so you'll know what sorts of practices are acceptable.\\nIf you're feeling overwhelmed, consider hiring a lawyer to help you sort through the various forms and documents.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Acquire the necessary training equipment.\", \"描述\": \"Make a list of all the material items you'll need to begin operating. This will include things like floor mats, punching bags, practice weapons, regulation sparring gear, and mirrors for analyzing the students' form. You'll accumulate more equipment steadily in the coming months and years, so just for stock up on enough to effectively teach your first crop of students for now.\\nOnce you've drafted and double checked your list, put in an order with a wholesale martial arts supplier, such as Tiger Claw, Century, or Asian World of Martial Arts.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Hire other qualified instructors.\", \"描述\": \"As your school flourishes, you might to decide bring in additional employees to take over a share of the teaching duties. Evaluate each candidate's credentials, then make time to interview them one-on-one to get a sense of their character. Expertise matters, but so do deeper intangible qualities like humility, patience, and discipline.\\nOnly align yourself with instructors who are compatible with your moral sensibilities and share in the vision you have for your school.\\nWhen it comes to being respected as a martial arts instructor, the strength of your communication style is every bit as important as the strength of your technique.\\nWhen you're choosing instructors to work with you, look for people who really care for and value their students. They should take their students' success personally.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Whether you're a novice or a grandmaster, patience is key. Business won't take off overnight, but your passion and dedication to the martial arts will\\n\", \"Surround yourself with other knowledgeable martial artists and take every opportunity you can to learn from them. Every practitioner has something to offer.\\n\", \"Though not a necessity, enjoying a successful competitive career can be a great way to build your reputation as a capable martial artist, which can in turn draw students to your school.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Martial arts instructors often make the mistake of focusing too much on spreading their art and not enough on the business end of things. To make it as a school owner, you'll have to devote equal time to training, administration, financial management, and marketing.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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5,515 |
How to Become a Mason
|
1. What is Freemasonry?
1-1. Freemasonry is a type of social and ceremonial organization.
Freemasons support each other in friendship and self-improvement. Compared to a typical social club, Masonic organizations also hold more formal and ceremonial gatherings. These gatherings can include spiritual activities like prayer, but Masonry is not officially part of any religion.
The conspiracy theories about Masons are overblown. While they do use many special symbols and clothing, most of these are public knowledge, not secret or sinister. There are some secret ceremonies for members only.
1-2. Freemasonry exists in many different local forms.
There is no single worldwide Masonic organization. Instead, each country, state, or region has a "Grand Lodge" that decides on rules and membership, and many smaller local lodges. There are many differences between lodges, but most fall into one of two main categories:
Lodges that call themselves "regular" tend to be more traditional. They don't accept atheists or women (though woman can sometimes join a sister organization). Most Masons in the English-speaking world and the former British Empire are this type.
"Liberal" or "continental" lodges, most popular in France but found worldwide, typically accept women and atheists as members.
2. Can anyone become a Freemason?
2-1. In many lodges, only religious adult men can become Freemasons.
The most traditional Masonic lodges only accept adult men (which means 18 or older in most places). They also require members to believe in a "Supreme Being." You don't need to follow any specific religion (at least officially), but atheists and agnostics can't join.
Since 2018, the most influential Masonic Grand Lodge (the UGLE) has officially allowed trans men. Other lodges might not.
2-2. Women and atheists can still join some lodges.
Liberal Masonic lodges do not have any religious requirements for joining. They sometimes also relax the men-only restriction, although there is still a lot of disagreement on this between individual lodges.
Even in more traditional areas like England, there are women-only organizations like The Order of Women Freemasons. The larger male organizations might not officially recognize these as Masons, but they can still have fairly close ties.
3. How do I apply to become a Freemason?
3-1. Contact your local lodge for an application form.
Freemasonry isn't a hierarchy, and you don't need to formally join a national organization. Check your local lodge's website for a petition form to fill out asking to join, or for the lodge secretary's contact info.
Petition forms usually ask for a lot of personal info, including employment and criminal history. The lodge uses these to investigate your character, and might not accept you if your form doesn't have complete and honest information.
3-2. Ask a Grand Lodge for local contact information.
If you can't find any contact info for your local lodge, contact the "Grand Lodge" for your country or state. The Grand Lodge can usually direct you to a local Masonic organization.
You can find the contact info for most of the traditional "regular" Grand Lodges at https://www.ugle.org.uk/contact-us/interested-in-becoming-a-freemason.
Less traditional "liberal" lodges are not as common in the US and UK, though a few do exist. If you're in continental Europe, try contacting one of the lodges listed at https://www.ame-ema.eu/en/ema/obediences.
4. What is the initiation process after you've applied to be a Freemason?
4-1. The lodge reviews your petition thoroughly before making a decision.
Stay on your best behavior, especially when lodge members interview you or ask to spend time with you. Be ready to talk about anything in your past or present life. It's not a dealbreaker if you've made mistakes in the past, as long as you own up to them and talk about how you've changed. The lodge members usually take several months to think things over, but it depends on how busy they are and how well they already know you.
4-2. The final initiation ceremony depends completely on the lodge.
If the lodge does vote to accept you, it invites you to a ritual. This can be anything from a solemn spoken ceremony to a limousine ride, elaborate meal, and incense-filled ritual. Each lodge does things differently, but the goal is to welcome you into the brotherhood.
5. How long does it take to become a Freemason?
5-1. It usually takes a couple months to join as an apprentice.
You can expect to wait at least 45 days before hearing whether you've been accepted. In practice, depending on how busy the lodge is and its exact rules, it's not unusual to wait 3 or 4 months, or even longer.
5-2. Climbing the ranks to Master Mason takes months or years.
As soon as a lodge accepts you, you are an apprentice. By demonstrating your commitment at meetings and studying Masonic symbolism, you can earn the 2nd degree of Masonry, called Fellowcraft, and finally the 3rd degree. Once you have your 3rd degree, you can call yourself a Master Mason and visit other lodges, not just the one you joined.
The length of time this takes depends on your lodge and how much time you have available. A few months is typical in many US lodges, while liberal-style lodges often add and expect the process to take at least 2 years. Liberal lodges may also have additional degrees to study for beyond Master.
6. Does it cost money to be a Freemason?
6-1. Yes, most Masons pay annual dues plus an application fee.
As with most of Masonry, the details depend on the lodge. In the United States, a typical lodge charges you $300 to apply, which also covers your first year of dues if you get in. After that, you'll have to pay about $50 to $200 per year, depending on the lodge.
Some lodges charge quite a lot for the formal dinners they hold after each meeting, but attending these is optional.
There might be some one-time costs as well, but these aren't usually too steep. For instance, the Illinois lodge charges an extra $100 total for climbing the ranks of membership.
6-2. Besides direct fees, Freemasons can require members to be financially stable.
Although many lodges don't mention this directly on their websites, members are traditionally required to be financially independent. There's no minimum income or anything like that, but the lodge might not accept you if it doesn't think you can financially support yourself and your family.
7. What principles make you a Mason?
Brotherhood and character building are the central principles of Masonry.
Each Mason has a duty to improve himself morally and spiritually, and to support all his brother Masons on their own journeys. Freemasonry stresses honor, personal responsibility, personal integrity, and charity.
Traditional Masonic lodges talk about moral principles in religious terms. They require a belief in a Supreme Being, but forbid talking about specific religions at meetings. Protestant Christianity has the strongest ties to Masonic ritual, and a Bible is open at meetings, but some lodges add other holy books from their members' other religions.
"Liberal" Masonic lodges have no religious requirement for membership. Unlike regular lodges, they often allow discussions of specific religions (or atheism), but do not expect their members to agree.
8. What do I have to do once I'm a Mason?
8-1. You'll attend all kinds of events hosted at your lodge.
In day-to-day life, Freemasonry is a social brotherhood. Masons spend time together socializing, sharing meals, fundraising for charity, and hosting events that have little or nothing to do with ceremony or secrets. If you want to become a Mason, find a lodge with members that you enjoy spending time with.
You aren't expected to attend every single event, of course, but it can be a pretty serious time commitment. Masonic organizations sometimes say that their members should put family first, job second, and Freemasonry third.
8-2. You'll attend special ceremonies a few times a year.
These are the only secret part of Freemasonry, so the exact details aren't open to the public. Masons describe the ceremony as something like a play loosely based on Biblical allegories. If you join, you might be expected to wear a special apron, recite lines, and participate in symbolic rituals.
Different lodges follow different traditions, with the Scottish Rites being one of the most popular. Since each lodge also has a lot of control over what it does, you can't really know exactly what to expect before joining.
Tips
You can always demit, or resign, from your lodge for any reason.[31]
X
Research source
Warnings
Many Freemason organizations today present themselves as diverse and inclusive. That said, they do have a reputation for being "old boy's clubs" that do not tolerate certain religions or points of view.[32]
X
Research source
Masonry is not one single organization, so keep in mind that not all lodges share the same policies and attitudes.
You can be kicked out of the Freemasons for many reasons, including telling its secrets to non-Masons, becoming an atheist, cheating at a Masonic vote, or failing to show up when the lodge summons you for an important meeting.[33]
X
Research source
These are examples from one lodge, and aren't exactly the same for all lodges.
Although Masons allow Catholics to join the organization, the Catholic Church officially forbids this.[34]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:55:11",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What is Freemasonry?\\n1-1. Freemasonry is a type of social and ceremonial organization.\\nFreemasons support each other in friendship and self-improvement. Compared to a typical social club, Masonic organizations also hold more formal and ceremonial gatherings. These gatherings can include spiritual activities like prayer, but Masonry is not officially part of any religion.\\nThe conspiracy theories about Masons are overblown. While they do use many special symbols and clothing, most of these are public knowledge, not secret or sinister. There are some secret ceremonies for members only.\\n1-2. Freemasonry exists in many different local forms.\\nThere is no single worldwide Masonic organization. Instead, each country, state, or region has a \\\"Grand Lodge\\\" that decides on rules and membership, and many smaller local lodges. There are many differences between lodges, but most fall into one of two main categories:\\nLodges that call themselves \\\"regular\\\" tend to be more traditional. They don't accept atheists or women (though woman can sometimes join a sister organization). Most Masons in the English-speaking world and the former British Empire are this type.\\n\\\"Liberal\\\" or \\\"continental\\\" lodges, most popular in France but found worldwide, typically accept women and atheists as members.\\n2. Can anyone become a Freemason?\\n2-1. In many lodges, only religious adult men can become Freemasons.\\nThe most traditional Masonic lodges only accept adult men (which means 18 or older in most places). They also require members to believe in a \\\"Supreme Being.\\\" You don't need to follow any specific religion (at least officially), but atheists and agnostics can't join.\\nSince 2018, the most influential Masonic Grand Lodge (the UGLE) has officially allowed trans men. Other lodges might not.\\n2-2. Women and atheists can still join some lodges.\\nLiberal Masonic lodges do not have any religious requirements for joining. They sometimes also relax the men-only restriction, although there is still a lot of disagreement on this between individual lodges.\\nEven in more traditional areas like England, there are women-only organizations like The Order of Women Freemasons. The larger male organizations might not officially recognize these as Masons, but they can still have fairly close ties.\\n3. How do I apply to become a Freemason?\\n3-1. Contact your local lodge for an application form.\\nFreemasonry isn't a hierarchy, and you don't need to formally join a national organization. Check your local lodge's website for a petition form to fill out asking to join, or for the lodge secretary's contact info.\\nPetition forms usually ask for a lot of personal info, including employment and criminal history. The lodge uses these to investigate your character, and might not accept you if your form doesn't have complete and honest information.\\n3-2. Ask a Grand Lodge for local contact information.\\nIf you can't find any contact info for your local lodge, contact the \\\"Grand Lodge\\\" for your country or state. The Grand Lodge can usually direct you to a local Masonic organization.\\nYou can find the contact info for most of the traditional \\\"regular\\\" Grand Lodges at https://www.ugle.org.uk/contact-us/interested-in-becoming-a-freemason.\\nLess traditional \\\"liberal\\\" lodges are not as common in the US and UK, though a few do exist. If you're in continental Europe, try contacting one of the lodges listed at https://www.ame-ema.eu/en/ema/obediences.\\n4. What is the initiation process after you've applied to be a Freemason?\\n4-1. The lodge reviews your petition thoroughly before making a decision.\\nStay on your best behavior, especially when lodge members interview you or ask to spend time with you. Be ready to talk about anything in your past or present life. It's not a dealbreaker if you've made mistakes in the past, as long as you own up to them and talk about how you've changed. The lodge members usually take several months to think things over, but it depends on how busy they are and how well they already know you.\\n4-2. The final initiation ceremony depends completely on the lodge.\\nIf the lodge does vote to accept you, it invites you to a ritual. This can be anything from a solemn spoken ceremony to a limousine ride, elaborate meal, and incense-filled ritual. Each lodge does things differently, but the goal is to welcome you into the brotherhood.\\n5. How long does it take to become a Freemason?\\n5-1. It usually takes a couple months to join as an apprentice.\\nYou can expect to wait at least 45 days before hearing whether you've been accepted. In practice, depending on how busy the lodge is and its exact rules, it's not unusual to wait 3 or 4 months, or even longer.\\n5-2. Climbing the ranks to Master Mason takes months or years.\\nAs soon as a lodge accepts you, you are an apprentice. By demonstrating your commitment at meetings and studying Masonic symbolism, you can earn the 2nd degree of Masonry, called Fellowcraft, and finally the 3rd degree. Once you have your 3rd degree, you can call yourself a Master Mason and visit other lodges, not just the one you joined.\\nThe length of time this takes depends on your lodge and how much time you have available. A few months is typical in many US lodges, while liberal-style lodges often add and expect the process to take at least 2 years. Liberal lodges may also have additional degrees to study for beyond Master.\\n6. Does it cost money to be a Freemason?\\n6-1. Yes, most Masons pay annual dues plus an application fee.\\nAs with most of Masonry, the details depend on the lodge. In the United States, a typical lodge charges you $300 to apply, which also covers your first year of dues if you get in. After that, you'll have to pay about $50 to $200 per year, depending on the lodge.\\nSome lodges charge quite a lot for the formal dinners they hold after each meeting, but attending these is optional.\\nThere might be some one-time costs as well, but these aren't usually too steep. For instance, the Illinois lodge charges an extra $100 total for climbing the ranks of membership.\\n6-2. Besides direct fees, Freemasons can require members to be financially stable.\\nAlthough many lodges don't mention this directly on their websites, members are traditionally required to be financially independent. There's no minimum income or anything like that, but the lodge might not accept you if it doesn't think you can financially support yourself and your family.\\n7. What principles make you a Mason?\\nBrotherhood and character building are the central principles of Masonry.\\nEach Mason has a duty to improve himself morally and spiritually, and to support all his brother Masons on their own journeys. Freemasonry stresses honor, personal responsibility, personal integrity, and charity.\\nTraditional Masonic lodges talk about moral principles in religious terms. They require a belief in a Supreme Being, but forbid talking about specific religions at meetings. Protestant Christianity has the strongest ties to Masonic ritual, and a Bible is open at meetings, but some lodges add other holy books from their members' other religions.\\n\\\"Liberal\\\" Masonic lodges have no religious requirement for membership. Unlike regular lodges, they often allow discussions of specific religions (or atheism), but do not expect their members to agree.\\n8. What do I have to do once I'm a Mason?\\n8-1. You'll attend all kinds of events hosted at your lodge.\\nIn day-to-day life, Freemasonry is a social brotherhood. Masons spend time together socializing, sharing meals, fundraising for charity, and hosting events that have little or nothing to do with ceremony or secrets. If you want to become a Mason, find a lodge with members that you enjoy spending time with.\\nYou aren't expected to attend every single event, of course, but it can be a pretty serious time commitment. Masonic organizations sometimes say that their members should put family first, job second, and Freemasonry third.\\n8-2. You'll attend special ceremonies a few times a year.\\nThese are the only secret part of Freemasonry, so the exact details aren't open to the public. Masons describe the ceremony as something like a play loosely based on Biblical allegories. If you join, you might be expected to wear a special apron, recite lines, and participate in symbolic rituals.\\nDifferent lodges follow different traditions, with the Scottish Rites being one of the most popular. Since each lodge also has a lot of control over what it does, you can't really know exactly what to expect before joining.\\nTips\\nYou can always demit, or resign, from your lodge for any reason.[31]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nMany Freemason organizations today present themselves as diverse and inclusive. That said, they do have a reputation for being \\\"old boy's clubs\\\" that do not tolerate certain religions or points of view.[32]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n Masonry is not one single organization, so keep in mind that not all lodges share the same policies and attitudes.\\nYou can be kicked out of the Freemasons for many reasons, including telling its secrets to non-Masons, becoming an atheist, cheating at a Masonic vote, or failing to show up when the lodge summons you for an important meeting.[33]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n These are examples from one lodge, and aren't exactly the same for all lodges.\\nAlthough Masons allow Catholics to join the organization, the Catholic Church officially forbids this.[34]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Masons, or Freemasons, are members of the oldest and largest fraternity in the world, with millions of members around the world. It's up to each local lodge to decide who to let in, but in general Masons look for people with a good reputation and a commitment to self-improvement and brotherhood. Membership isn't secret, and it's usually not hard to find local contact info online through the loose worldwide network of Masonic organizations.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What is Freemasonry?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Freemasonry is a type of social and ceremonial organization.\", \"描述\": \"Freemasons support each other in friendship and self-improvement. Compared to a typical social club, Masonic organizations also hold more formal and ceremonial gatherings. These gatherings can include spiritual activities like prayer, but Masonry is not officially part of any religion.\\nThe conspiracy theories about Masons are overblown. While they do use many special symbols and clothing, most of these are public knowledge, not secret or sinister. There are some secret ceremonies for members only.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Freemasonry exists in many different local forms.\", \"描述\": \"There is no single worldwide Masonic organization. Instead, each country, state, or region has a \\\"Grand Lodge\\\" that decides on rules and membership, and many smaller local lodges. There are many differences between lodges, but most fall into one of two main categories:\\nLodges that call themselves \\\"regular\\\" tend to be more traditional. They don't accept atheists or women (though woman can sometimes join a sister organization). Most Masons in the English-speaking world and the former British Empire are this type.\\n\\\"Liberal\\\" or \\\"continental\\\" lodges, most popular in France but found worldwide, typically accept women and atheists as members.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Can anyone become a Freemason?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"In many lodges, only religious adult men can become Freemasons.\", \"描述\": \"The most traditional Masonic lodges only accept adult men (which means 18 or older in most places). They also require members to believe in a \\\"Supreme Being.\\\" You don't need to follow any specific religion (at least officially), but atheists and agnostics can't join.\\nSince 2018, the most influential Masonic Grand Lodge (the UGLE) has officially allowed trans men. Other lodges might not.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Women and atheists can still join some lodges.\", \"描述\": \"Liberal Masonic lodges do not have any religious requirements for joining. They sometimes also relax the men-only restriction, although there is still a lot of disagreement on this between individual lodges.\\nEven in more traditional areas like England, there are women-only organizations like The Order of Women Freemasons. The larger male organizations might not officially recognize these as Masons, but they can still have fairly close ties.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"How do I apply to become a Freemason?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Contact your local lodge for an application form.\", \"描述\": \"Freemasonry isn't a hierarchy, and you don't need to formally join a national organization. Check your local lodge's website for a petition form to fill out asking to join, or for the lodge secretary's contact info.\\nPetition forms usually ask for a lot of personal info, including employment and criminal history. The lodge uses these to investigate your character, and might not accept you if your form doesn't have complete and honest information.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask a Grand Lodge for local contact information.\", \"描述\": \"If you can't find any contact info for your local lodge, contact the \\\"Grand Lodge\\\" for your country or state. The Grand Lodge can usually direct you to a local Masonic organization.\\nYou can find the contact info for most of the traditional \\\"regular\\\" Grand Lodges at https://www.ugle.org.uk/contact-us/interested-in-becoming-a-freemason.\\nLess traditional \\\"liberal\\\" lodges are not as common in the US and UK, though a few do exist. If you're in continental Europe, try contacting one of the lodges listed at https://www.ame-ema.eu/en/ema/obediences.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"What is the initiation process after you've applied to be a Freemason?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"The lodge reviews your petition thoroughly before making a decision.\", \"描述\": \"Stay on your best behavior, especially when lodge members interview you or ask to spend time with you. Be ready to talk about anything in your past or present life. It's not a dealbreaker if you've made mistakes in the past, as long as you own up to them and talk about how you've changed. The lodge members usually take several months to think things over, but it depends on how busy they are and how well they already know you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"The final initiation ceremony depends completely on the lodge.\", \"描述\": \"If the lodge does vote to accept you, it invites you to a ritual. This can be anything from a solemn spoken ceremony to a limousine ride, elaborate meal, and incense-filled ritual. Each lodge does things differently, but the goal is to welcome you into the brotherhood.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"How long does it take to become a Freemason?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It usually takes a couple months to join as an apprentice.\", \"描述\": \"You can expect to wait at least 45 days before hearing whether you've been accepted. In practice, depending on how busy the lodge is and its exact rules, it's not unusual to wait 3 or 4 months, or even longer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Climbing the ranks to Master Mason takes months or years.\", \"描述\": \"As soon as a lodge accepts you, you are an apprentice. By demonstrating your commitment at meetings and studying Masonic symbolism, you can earn the 2nd degree of Masonry, called Fellowcraft, and finally the 3rd degree. Once you have your 3rd degree, you can call yourself a Master Mason and visit other lodges, not just the one you joined.\\nThe length of time this takes depends on your lodge and how much time you have available. A few months is typical in many US lodges, while liberal-style lodges often add and expect the process to take at least 2 years. Liberal lodges may also have additional degrees to study for beyond Master.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Does it cost money to be a Freemason?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Yes, most Masons pay annual dues plus an application fee.\", \"描述\": \"As with most of Masonry, the details depend on the lodge. In the United States, a typical lodge charges you $300 to apply, which also covers your first year of dues if you get in. After that, you'll have to pay about $50 to $200 per year, depending on the lodge.\\nSome lodges charge quite a lot for the formal dinners they hold after each meeting, but attending these is optional.\\nThere might be some one-time costs as well, but these aren't usually too steep. For instance, the Illinois lodge charges an extra $100 total for climbing the ranks of membership.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Besides direct fees, Freemasons can require members to be financially stable.\", \"描述\": \"Although many lodges don't mention this directly on their websites, members are traditionally required to be financially independent. There's no minimum income or anything like that, but the lodge might not accept you if it doesn't think you can financially support yourself and your family.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"What principles make you a Mason?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brotherhood and character building are the central principles of Masonry.\", \"描述\": \"Each Mason has a duty to improve himself morally and spiritually, and to support all his brother Masons on their own journeys. Freemasonry stresses honor, personal responsibility, personal integrity, and charity.\\nTraditional Masonic lodges talk about moral principles in religious terms. They require a belief in a Supreme Being, but forbid talking about specific religions at meetings. Protestant Christianity has the strongest ties to Masonic ritual, and a Bible is open at meetings, but some lodges add other holy books from their members' other religions.\\n\\\"Liberal\\\" Masonic lodges have no religious requirement for membership. Unlike regular lodges, they often allow discussions of specific religions (or atheism), but do not expect their members to agree.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"What do I have to do once I'm a Mason?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You'll attend all kinds of events hosted at your lodge.\", \"描述\": \"In day-to-day life, Freemasonry is a social brotherhood. Masons spend time together socializing, sharing meals, fundraising for charity, and hosting events that have little or nothing to do with ceremony or secrets. If you want to become a Mason, find a lodge with members that you enjoy spending time with.\\nYou aren't expected to attend every single event, of course, but it can be a pretty serious time commitment. Masonic organizations sometimes say that their members should put family first, job second, and Freemasonry third.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"You'll attend special ceremonies a few times a year.\", \"描述\": \"These are the only secret part of Freemasonry, so the exact details aren't open to the public. Masons describe the ceremony as something like a play loosely based on Biblical allegories. If you join, you might be expected to wear a special apron, recite lines, and participate in symbolic rituals.\\nDifferent lodges follow different traditions, with the Scottish Rites being one of the most popular. Since each lodge also has a lot of control over what it does, you can't really know exactly what to expect before joining.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You can always demit, or resign, from your lodge for any reason.[31]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Many Freemason organizations today present themselves as diverse and inclusive. That said, they do have a reputation for being \\\"old boy's clubs\\\" that do not tolerate certain religions or points of view.[32]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n Masonry is not one single organization, so keep in mind that not all lodges share the same policies and attitudes.\\n\", \"You can be kicked out of the Freemasons for many reasons, including telling its secrets to non-Masons, becoming an atheist, cheating at a Masonic vote, or failing to show up when the lodge summons you for an important meeting.[33]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n These are examples from one lodge, and aren't exactly the same for all lodges.\\n\", \"Although Masons allow Catholics to join the organization, the Catholic Church officially forbids this.[34]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
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