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7,019 |
How to Bring a Dog Into the United States
|
1. Making Travel Plans
1-1. Make accommodations if you're flying.
The majority of people who travel internationally do so via airplane. If you're planning on flying, and want to bring your dog with you, there are a variety of considerations you need to make.
Your dog can travel in the cabin with you or underneath the airplane as cargo. Your pet is considered extra baggage and you will be charged according to the weight, including the pet's crate. On most airlines, your dog can only be taken as a carry on if his crate fits under the seat in front of you.
The only exception are trained service dog that are usually allowed to travel in the cabin.
Different airplanes have different rules on shipping dogs. Some airlines might not allow dogs on board at all, regardless of breed and weight, so check with your airline to make sure your dog is allowed on the flight and you follow all protocol correctly. Most airlines do require that pets come with health certificates, no older than 10 days.
Some dangerous breeds, such as pitbulls, are restricted from traveling on certain airlines or from being imported into certain states. Check this information with the airline if you think there's a risk that your dog's breed may a be an issue.
Acquire a travel crate. The airline requires the crate to be sufficiently large for the dog to be able to stand up inside and turn around.
1-2. Consider a pet relocation service.
If taking your dog with you via airplane is too inconvenient, or if your airline will not accommodate your dog, hiring a pet relocation service is another option. This can be quite costly, but might be worth the investment if typical airline shipping is not an option.
Start talking to an agency well before your move. All regulations regarding international transportation must be adhered to by the relocation service and they need adequate time to plan. Two to three months in advance is the best way to assure your pet arrives in the US in time.
Pricing varies, but is dependent on far more than just the weight of the dog. Other factors include the weight of the crate, the distance of the journey, the level of difficulty that comes with following regulations, and any other arrangements necessary to the dog's safe arrival. It might be difficult to get a cost estimate without scheduling several meetings with a representative.
1-3. Prepare your pet for travel.
Travel is extremely stressful for pets, and adding the burden of an international journey can translate to disaster if your pet is not adequately prepared. In the months leading to your relocation, take steps to prepare your pet for travel.
Crate train your pet before the journey. Dogs need to be familiarized with their crate and learn to associate it with positive feedback. If a crate is a part of your dog's day-to-day life under normal circumstances, it will mitigate the travel stress significantly. Start with putting food, water, and toys in a dog's crate and allowing her to come and go from the crate as she wishes. Shutting her in the crate while you are out of the house will teach her to accept being confined to it.
After 2 to 3 weeks, your dog should have calmed down about being in the crate at home. If your dog is small enough, it's ideal to be able to carry the crate from place to place with the dog in it. This desensitizes her to movement and minimizes the trauma of an airplane's motions. If your dog is too big to be carried, consider taking her on brief car trips in her crate.
Before you leave, clip your dog's nails. Dogs get nervous and might try to claw their way out of a carrier. They could easily snag or tear a nail, leading to bleeding, crying, and general distress.
Do not feed a dog in the 2 hours leading to a flight, and only feed him a light meal. You do not want your dog to urinate or defecate in his crate due to nervousness.
Keeping your dog's comfort in mind, aim to fly during a time of year that is not extremely hot or cold. Look for a flight with limited layovers.
2. Knowing the Regulations
2-1. Get your dog a rabies vaccine and certificate.
Rabies is one of the most important issues when it comes to overseas travel. The vast majority of the dogs who travel to the United States must have a current and valid rabies certificate. It should include all of the following:
The name and address of the owner
The breed, sex, age, and color of the dog
The date of the rabies vaccination
Products used for the vaccination
The date the vaccination expires
The name, license number, address, and signature of the veterinarian who performed the vaccination.
The date of the vaccination can impact confinement periods. If the vaccination occurred less than 30 days before arrival, your dog will be confined for 30 days until it can be released to you. You are able to choose the facility where your dog will be confined.
2-2. Familiarize yourself with exceptions to rabies restrictions.
While most dogs will need a rabies vaccine to be permitted in the US, there are some exceptions. Know what these exceptions are as you might be able to forego the certificate.
If you have a puppy who is too young to be vaccinated, less than 3 months, you are permitted to take the dog into the country. However, the puppy will be confined until he can receive the vaccination and for an additional 30 days.
Some countries, like Australia, are rabies free. Due to the limited access to rabies vaccines in these countries, rules are different. Dogs are permitted to enter the US without the vaccination if the dog has lived there since birth or for at least 6 months. The dog will be required to receive the vaccine upon arrival and will be confined for 30 days.
If you're importing a dog for scientific research, and the presence of a rabies vaccine would interfere with that research, you can get the vaccination requirement waived.
2-3. Learn about other special circumstances.
In addition to rabies concerns, there are other issues surrounding international transportation of dogs. If you're traveling from certain countries, the US has special protocol for allowing your dog to enter.
Screwworm, a parasitic fly known to infect dogs, is only present in certain countries. If your country contains screwworm, your dog will need a certificate from a licensed veterinarian declaring them screwworm free in order to enter the country. Your dog needs to have been inspected for screwworm within 5 days of entering the US.
If you're from a country that's experienced Foot and Mouth Disease, you must take special considerations when bringing your dog to the US. Feet, fur, and bedding should be dirt free. Straw and hay should be eliminated from a dog's crate. Your dog should be bathed shortly after arriving in the US and kept separate from livestock for at least 5 days.
There are no separate regulations in regards to dogs being brought in the country for breeding or commercial purposes. You must follow all protocol even if the dog is not your pet.
3. Making the Trip
3-1. Take a trip to the vet's office.
Tell your veterinary you're planning on traveling to the United States. Book an appointment promptly, making sure you have enough time to procure test results. The following tests and procedures should be performed:
Blood tests
Vaccinations
Microchips for identification purposes, if your vet can provide them
After the exam, your vet should provide a Certificates of Veterinary Inspection to clear your pet for overseas travel.
3-2. Include all necessary information on a pet's crate.
When traveling with your dog, it's vital to include certain information his crate. This provides security on the off chance the crate is misrouted when changing flights.
Include your pet's name and basic contact information for yourself. It's great to include email as, if you're traveling overseas, your phone might not work in the US.
Keep this secure on the crate with duct tape or other sturdy tape. If possible, have a sticker of the information made at a local print shop as this will stick more readily to the crate.
3-3. Prepare for customs.
When traveling into the United States, you'll have to go through customs to get your pet cleared for entrance into the country. Prepare ahead of time to keep the process smooth and timely.
Ensure that you have all the necessary medical information and permits required for entering the USA.
In addition to having forms from your vet and proof of vaccination, you need to fill out the CPB Form 7501. This asks for basic contact information for you and a variety of questions about your dog. It can be downloaded from the website of your airline. Have a copy handy when approaching customs. If you're having your pet shipped as cargo, fax a copy and the other forms to the shipper.
Check the hours of operation at customs at your arrival port. You do not want to end up waiting overnight to get your pet home safe.
If you have all the proper paperwork, and your dog does not need to be confined, you should be cleared to enter the country.
Tips
As Hawaii is a rabies free US territory, their restrictions on importing dogs from foreign countries are very strict and different from other US states. Puppies under 10 months old are not permitted and have a variety of quarantine laws in place. If you're traveling to Hawaii, be very careful about bringing your pet into the state.[15]
X
Research source
Leave an item of your clothing or even an old shoe inside the crate with your dog. Your scent will provide him with comfort during the stress of the journey.
On the day of travel, double check that you have all your dog's papers before you leave for the airport. With all your own luggage, passport, tickets and other last minute details to think about, it's very easy to forget necessary information.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Making Travel Plans\\n1-1. Make accommodations if you're flying.\\nThe majority of people who travel internationally do so via airplane. If you're planning on flying, and want to bring your dog with you, there are a variety of considerations you need to make.\\nYour dog can travel in the cabin with you or underneath the airplane as cargo. Your pet is considered extra baggage and you will be charged according to the weight, including the pet's crate. On most airlines, your dog can only be taken as a carry on if his crate fits under the seat in front of you.\\nThe only exception are trained service dog that are usually allowed to travel in the cabin.\\nDifferent airplanes have different rules on shipping dogs. Some airlines might not allow dogs on board at all, regardless of breed and weight, so check with your airline to make sure your dog is allowed on the flight and you follow all protocol correctly. Most airlines do require that pets come with health certificates, no older than 10 days.\\nSome dangerous breeds, such as pitbulls, are restricted from traveling on certain airlines or from being imported into certain states. Check this information with the airline if you think there's a risk that your dog's breed may a be an issue.\\nAcquire a travel crate. The airline requires the crate to be sufficiently large for the dog to be able to stand up inside and turn around.\\n1-2. Consider a pet relocation service.\\nIf taking your dog with you via airplane is too inconvenient, or if your airline will not accommodate your dog, hiring a pet relocation service is another option. This can be quite costly, but might be worth the investment if typical airline shipping is not an option.\\nStart talking to an agency well before your move. All regulations regarding international transportation must be adhered to by the relocation service and they need adequate time to plan. Two to three months in advance is the best way to assure your pet arrives in the US in time.\\nPricing varies, but is dependent on far more than just the weight of the dog. Other factors include the weight of the crate, the distance of the journey, the level of difficulty that comes with following regulations, and any other arrangements necessary to the dog's safe arrival. It might be difficult to get a cost estimate without scheduling several meetings with a representative.\\n1-3. Prepare your pet for travel.\\nTravel is extremely stressful for pets, and adding the burden of an international journey can translate to disaster if your pet is not adequately prepared. In the months leading to your relocation, take steps to prepare your pet for travel.\\nCrate train your pet before the journey. Dogs need to be familiarized with their crate and learn to associate it with positive feedback. If a crate is a part of your dog's day-to-day life under normal circumstances, it will mitigate the travel stress significantly. Start with putting food, water, and toys in a dog's crate and allowing her to come and go from the crate as she wishes. Shutting her in the crate while you are out of the house will teach her to accept being confined to it.\\nAfter 2 to 3 weeks, your dog should have calmed down about being in the crate at home. If your dog is small enough, it's ideal to be able to carry the crate from place to place with the dog in it. This desensitizes her to movement and minimizes the trauma of an airplane's motions. If your dog is too big to be carried, consider taking her on brief car trips in her crate.\\nBefore you leave, clip your dog's nails. Dogs get nervous and might try to claw their way out of a carrier. They could easily snag or tear a nail, leading to bleeding, crying, and general distress.\\nDo not feed a dog in the 2 hours leading to a flight, and only feed him a light meal. You do not want your dog to urinate or defecate in his crate due to nervousness.\\nKeeping your dog's comfort in mind, aim to fly during a time of year that is not extremely hot or cold. Look for a flight with limited layovers.\\n2. Knowing the Regulations\\n2-1. Get your dog a rabies vaccine and certificate.\\nRabies is one of the most important issues when it comes to overseas travel. The vast majority of the dogs who travel to the United States must have a current and valid rabies certificate. It should include all of the following:\\nThe name and address of the owner\\nThe breed, sex, age, and color of the dog\\nThe date of the rabies vaccination\\nProducts used for the vaccination\\nThe date the vaccination expires\\nThe name, license number, address, and signature of the veterinarian who performed the vaccination.\\nThe date of the vaccination can impact confinement periods. If the vaccination occurred less than 30 days before arrival, your dog will be confined for 30 days until it can be released to you. You are able to choose the facility where your dog will be confined.\\n2-2. Familiarize yourself with exceptions to rabies restrictions.\\nWhile most dogs will need a rabies vaccine to be permitted in the US, there are some exceptions. Know what these exceptions are as you might be able to forego the certificate.\\nIf you have a puppy who is too young to be vaccinated, less than 3 months, you are permitted to take the dog into the country. However, the puppy will be confined until he can receive the vaccination and for an additional 30 days.\\nSome countries, like Australia, are rabies free. Due to the limited access to rabies vaccines in these countries, rules are different. Dogs are permitted to enter the US without the vaccination if the dog has lived there since birth or for at least 6 months. The dog will be required to receive the vaccine upon arrival and will be confined for 30 days.\\nIf you're importing a dog for scientific research, and the presence of a rabies vaccine would interfere with that research, you can get the vaccination requirement waived.\\n2-3. Learn about other special circumstances.\\nIn addition to rabies concerns, there are other issues surrounding international transportation of dogs. If you're traveling from certain countries, the US has special protocol for allowing your dog to enter.\\nScrewworm, a parasitic fly known to infect dogs, is only present in certain countries. If your country contains screwworm, your dog will need a certificate from a licensed veterinarian declaring them screwworm free in order to enter the country. Your dog needs to have been inspected for screwworm within 5 days of entering the US.\\nIf you're from a country that's experienced Foot and Mouth Disease, you must take special considerations when bringing your dog to the US. Feet, fur, and bedding should be dirt free. Straw and hay should be eliminated from a dog's crate. Your dog should be bathed shortly after arriving in the US and kept separate from livestock for at least 5 days.\\nThere are no separate regulations in regards to dogs being brought in the country for breeding or commercial purposes. You must follow all protocol even if the dog is not your pet.\\n3. Making the Trip\\n3-1. Take a trip to the vet's office.\\nTell your veterinary you're planning on traveling to the United States. Book an appointment promptly, making sure you have enough time to procure test results. The following tests and procedures should be performed:\\nBlood tests\\nVaccinations\\nMicrochips for identification purposes, if your vet can provide them\\nAfter the exam, your vet should provide a Certificates of Veterinary Inspection to clear your pet for overseas travel.\\n3-2. Include all necessary information on a pet's crate.\\nWhen traveling with your dog, it's vital to include certain information his crate. This provides security on the off chance the crate is misrouted when changing flights.\\nInclude your pet's name and basic contact information for yourself. It's great to include email as, if you're traveling overseas, your phone might not work in the US.\\nKeep this secure on the crate with duct tape or other sturdy tape. If possible, have a sticker of the information made at a local print shop as this will stick more readily to the crate.\\n3-3. Prepare for customs.\\nWhen traveling into the United States, you'll have to go through customs to get your pet cleared for entrance into the country. Prepare ahead of time to keep the process smooth and timely.\\nEnsure that you have all the necessary medical information and permits required for entering the USA.\\nIn addition to having forms from your vet and proof of vaccination, you need to fill out the CPB Form 7501. This asks for basic contact information for you and a variety of questions about your dog. It can be downloaded from the website of your airline. Have a copy handy when approaching customs. If you're having your pet shipped as cargo, fax a copy and the other forms to the shipper.\\nCheck the hours of operation at customs at your arrival port. You do not want to end up waiting overnight to get your pet home safe.\\nIf you have all the proper paperwork, and your dog does not need to be confined, you should be cleared to enter the country.\\nTips\\nAs Hawaii is a rabies free US territory, their restrictions on importing dogs from foreign countries are very strict and different from other US states. Puppies under 10 months old are not permitted and have a variety of quarantine laws in place. If you're traveling to Hawaii, be very careful about bringing your pet into the state.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nLeave an item of your clothing or even an old shoe inside the crate with your dog. Your scent will provide him with comfort during the stress of the journey.\\nOn the day of travel, double check that you have all your dog's papers before you leave for the airport. With all your own luggage, passport, tickets and other last minute details to think about, it's very easy to forget necessary information.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Bringing your dog into the US can be a hassle, as a variety of information must be provided to get your dog clearance to enter. There are also special considerations to be made in terms of traveling, especially overseas, with a pet. The best way to assure the process goes smoothly is to have a thorough understanding of protocol as you prepare for your journey.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Making Travel Plans\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make accommodations if you're flying.\", \"描述\": \"The majority of people who travel internationally do so via airplane. If you're planning on flying, and want to bring your dog with you, there are a variety of considerations you need to make.\\nYour dog can travel in the cabin with you or underneath the airplane as cargo. Your pet is considered extra baggage and you will be charged according to the weight, including the pet's crate. On most airlines, your dog can only be taken as a carry on if his crate fits under the seat in front of you.\\nThe only exception are trained service dog that are usually allowed to travel in the cabin.\\nDifferent airplanes have different rules on shipping dogs. Some airlines might not allow dogs on board at all, regardless of breed and weight, so check with your airline to make sure your dog is allowed on the flight and you follow all protocol correctly. Most airlines do require that pets come with health certificates, no older than 10 days.\\nSome dangerous breeds, such as pitbulls, are restricted from traveling on certain airlines or from being imported into certain states. Check this information with the airline if you think there's a risk that your dog's breed may a be an issue.\\nAcquire a travel crate. The airline requires the crate to be sufficiently large for the dog to be able to stand up inside and turn around.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider a pet relocation service.\", \"描述\": \"If taking your dog with you via airplane is too inconvenient, or if your airline will not accommodate your dog, hiring a pet relocation service is another option. This can be quite costly, but might be worth the investment if typical airline shipping is not an option.\\nStart talking to an agency well before your move. All regulations regarding international transportation must be adhered to by the relocation service and they need adequate time to plan. Two to three months in advance is the best way to assure your pet arrives in the US in time.\\nPricing varies, but is dependent on far more than just the weight of the dog. Other factors include the weight of the crate, the distance of the journey, the level of difficulty that comes with following regulations, and any other arrangements necessary to the dog's safe arrival. It might be difficult to get a cost estimate without scheduling several meetings with a representative.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare your pet for travel.\", \"描述\": \"Travel is extremely stressful for pets, and adding the burden of an international journey can translate to disaster if your pet is not adequately prepared. In the months leading to your relocation, take steps to prepare your pet for travel.\\nCrate train your pet before the journey. Dogs need to be familiarized with their crate and learn to associate it with positive feedback. If a crate is a part of your dog's day-to-day life under normal circumstances, it will mitigate the travel stress significantly. Start with putting food, water, and toys in a dog's crate and allowing her to come and go from the crate as she wishes. Shutting her in the crate while you are out of the house will teach her to accept being confined to it.\\nAfter 2 to 3 weeks, your dog should have calmed down about being in the crate at home. If your dog is small enough, it's ideal to be able to carry the crate from place to place with the dog in it. This desensitizes her to movement and minimizes the trauma of an airplane's motions. If your dog is too big to be carried, consider taking her on brief car trips in her crate.\\nBefore you leave, clip your dog's nails. Dogs get nervous and might try to claw their way out of a carrier. They could easily snag or tear a nail, leading to bleeding, crying, and general distress.\\nDo not feed a dog in the 2 hours leading to a flight, and only feed him a light meal. You do not want your dog to urinate or defecate in his crate due to nervousness.\\nKeeping your dog's comfort in mind, aim to fly during a time of year that is not extremely hot or cold. Look for a flight with limited layovers.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Knowing the Regulations\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get your dog a rabies vaccine and certificate.\", \"描述\": \"Rabies is one of the most important issues when it comes to overseas travel. The vast majority of the dogs who travel to the United States must have a current and valid rabies certificate. It should include all of the following:\\nThe name and address of the owner\\nThe breed, sex, age, and color of the dog\\nThe date of the rabies vaccination\\nProducts used for the vaccination\\nThe date the vaccination expires\\nThe name, license number, address, and signature of the veterinarian who performed the vaccination.\\nThe date of the vaccination can impact confinement periods. If the vaccination occurred less than 30 days before arrival, your dog will be confined for 30 days until it can be released to you. You are able to choose the facility where your dog will be confined.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Familiarize yourself with exceptions to rabies restrictions.\", \"描述\": \"While most dogs will need a rabies vaccine to be permitted in the US, there are some exceptions. Know what these exceptions are as you might be able to forego the certificate.\\nIf you have a puppy who is too young to be vaccinated, less than 3 months, you are permitted to take the dog into the country. However, the puppy will be confined until he can receive the vaccination and for an additional 30 days.\\nSome countries, like Australia, are rabies free. Due to the limited access to rabies vaccines in these countries, rules are different. Dogs are permitted to enter the US without the vaccination if the dog has lived there since birth or for at least 6 months. The dog will be required to receive the vaccine upon arrival and will be confined for 30 days.\\nIf you're importing a dog for scientific research, and the presence of a rabies vaccine would interfere with that research, you can get the vaccination requirement waived.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn about other special circumstances.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to rabies concerns, there are other issues surrounding international transportation of dogs. If you're traveling from certain countries, the US has special protocol for allowing your dog to enter.\\nScrewworm, a parasitic fly known to infect dogs, is only present in certain countries. If your country contains screwworm, your dog will need a certificate from a licensed veterinarian declaring them screwworm free in order to enter the country. Your dog needs to have been inspected for screwworm within 5 days of entering the US.\\nIf you're from a country that's experienced Foot and Mouth Disease, you must take special considerations when bringing your dog to the US. Feet, fur, and bedding should be dirt free. Straw and hay should be eliminated from a dog's crate. Your dog should be bathed shortly after arriving in the US and kept separate from livestock for at least 5 days.\\nThere are no separate regulations in regards to dogs being brought in the country for breeding or commercial purposes. You must follow all protocol even if the dog is not your pet.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Making the Trip\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take a trip to the vet's office.\", \"描述\": \"Tell your veterinary you're planning on traveling to the United States. Book an appointment promptly, making sure you have enough time to procure test results. The following tests and procedures should be performed:\\nBlood tests\\nVaccinations\\nMicrochips for identification purposes, if your vet can provide them\\nAfter the exam, your vet should provide a Certificates of Veterinary Inspection to clear your pet for overseas travel.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Include all necessary information on a pet's crate.\", \"描述\": \"When traveling with your dog, it's vital to include certain information his crate. This provides security on the off chance the crate is misrouted when changing flights.\\nInclude your pet's name and basic contact information for yourself. It's great to include email as, if you're traveling overseas, your phone might not work in the US.\\nKeep this secure on the crate with duct tape or other sturdy tape. If possible, have a sticker of the information made at a local print shop as this will stick more readily to the crate.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare for customs.\", \"描述\": \"When traveling into the United States, you'll have to go through customs to get your pet cleared for entrance into the country. Prepare ahead of time to keep the process smooth and timely.\\nEnsure that you have all the necessary medical information and permits required for entering the USA.\\nIn addition to having forms from your vet and proof of vaccination, you need to fill out the CPB Form 7501. This asks for basic contact information for you and a variety of questions about your dog. It can be downloaded from the website of your airline. Have a copy handy when approaching customs. If you're having your pet shipped as cargo, fax a copy and the other forms to the shipper.\\nCheck the hours of operation at customs at your arrival port. You do not want to end up waiting overnight to get your pet home safe.\\nIf you have all the proper paperwork, and your dog does not need to be confined, you should be cleared to enter the country.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"As Hawaii is a rabies free US territory, their restrictions on importing dogs from foreign countries are very strict and different from other US states. Puppies under 10 months old are not permitted and have a variety of quarantine laws in place. If you're traveling to Hawaii, be very careful about bringing your pet into the state.[15]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Leave an item of your clothing or even an old shoe inside the crate with your dog. Your scent will provide him with comfort during the stress of the journey.\\n\", \"On the day of travel, double check that you have all your dog's papers before you leave for the airport. With all your own luggage, passport, tickets and other last minute details to think about, it's very easy to forget necessary information.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,020 |
How to Bring a New Cat or Kitten Home
|
1. Taking Care of the Preliminaries
1-1. Purchase a sturdy pet carrier to take your cat home.
Your cat will understandably be nervous when you take it home, and a secure carrier can offer an enclosed space to offer comfort and keep your cat safe.
Some cats vomit or urinate while nervous, so a well-made carrier can protect your car's interior.
Your shelter or breeder may be able to lend you a carrier for your first trip home.
Ask your shelter or breeder for a blanket or towel that your cat has been sleeping with to put in the carrier. The familiar smell will be comforting to your cat on its trip to your home.
1-2. Buy feeding and litter box supplies.
Your cat or kitten will obviously need to eat and eliminate waste the day you bring it home, so be prepared by having all of the essentials you will need. These include food and water dishes, a litter box, and a supply of kitty litter.
Kittens grow a lot in their first year, and they have specific dietary and nutritional needs. If you're adopting a kitten, be sure to buy specially formulated kitten food.
You may want to talk with your shelter or breeder and select the same type of food and litter your cat or kitten is already used to, at least for the first few weeks. You can gradually add in different types so your cat doesn't face too many changes at once.
1-3. Purchase bedding for your new pet.
While some cats may be happy to sleep on other furniture in the house, they will feel more secure and comfortable if they have their own bed. You can choose a bed as simple as a cat-sized pillow, blanket, or mat or a nest-type bed that will help keep your cat warm while sleeping.
Cats like to sleep off of the floor, so place your cat's bed on top of a chair or table. Be cautious about this with very young kittens or elderly cats. This may increase their risk for injury.
If you have more than one cat, providing a bed for each of them will help ease territorial issues.
You may need to move the location of the cat's bed a few times before you find a place that your cat prefers.
1-4. Remember to get toys and scratching posts for your cat.
It can be easy to forget about these if you haven't had a cat before, but they are important for making your new pet feel at home.
Make sure any cat toys you buy don't have small pieces that can be easily eaten by your cats.
Similarly, steer clear of toys with strings or ribbon on them. If these become loose, your cat can swallow them. Keep rubber bands and elastic away from your cats as well because they can swallow these and choke on them or sustain intestinal injuries from them.
1-5. Find a veterinarian.
You will want to make sure your new cat or kitten is in good health as soon as it becomes yours, so find and schedule a visit with a veterinarian as soon as possible. It is best if you can take your cat to the veterinarian before you even bring it home.
Your veterinarian will check for pests like ear mites, fleas, and worms.
Your cat or kitten will also receive any vaccinations it needs.
Keep in mind that kittens can be spayed or neutered as early as eight weeks, but ideally before 6 months of age. However, spaying or neutering is a wise idea at any age after eight weeks.
2. Preparing Your Home
2-1. Make sure your other pets are vaccinated.
Animals can easily transmit parasites or diseases to one another. To prevent this from happening as much as possible, make sure your resident pets are up to date on their vaccinations before introducing a new cat or kitten to your home.
2-2. Decide on a temporary home for your cat.
It can be overwhelming for your new cat or kitten to get used to the unfamiliar environs of your house or apartment. To help ease this transition, place your cat's food and water bowls and litter box in a quiet space in your home, maybe even a room with a door that can be closed.
How long you keep the cat in this temporary location is up to your pet. Often, cats are comfortable to explore the rest of your house after a few days, but some cats may take more time. Carefully watch your pet to see when it is ready to explore.
Once your cat is used to you and your home, you can place these essential items in a more convenient location.
Keep the temporary location available for your cat to re-enter if it is overwhelmed when venturing out.
Keep a supply of cat toys and a scratching post in this room as well.
Since cats like to hide when scared, it is helpful to have some furniture or empty boxes in this room to provide a hideaway.
2-3. Remove any hazards from your home.
Welcoming a cat or kitten into your home is like bringing home a curious toddler. Nearly anything visible or reachable can provoke curiosity, so be sure to remove any breakables or items that can be easily knocked over before bringing home your new friend.
Check your houseplants to be sure they aren't poisonous if eaten by your cat.
Be fastidious about keeping your floors and surfaces of anything your cat or kitten may ingest, like rubber bands, thread, or string. These can cause intestinal blockages.
Keep your toilet covers and dryer doors closed. Also, check the dryer before putting laundry into and watch to ensure your cat or kitten does not go into the dryer. They may be seriously injured or even killed from being shut inside of a dryer while it is running.
Tie up or securely anchor window shade or blind cords so your cat can't be strangled.
Use covers for your electric outlets and bundle and stow away electric cords so your cat won't chew on them.
Pay attention when using recliners as well. Cats and kittens my go up inside of a recliner when the footrest is extended, and they may be seriously injured or killed by the mechanism in the recliner if you put the footrest back down while they are under there. Be sure you know where your cat or kitten is at before putting the footrest back down.
3. Welcoming Your New Family Member
3-1. Let your cat acclimate slowly to your home.
Once you arrive home with your new pet, go to the room you have prepared for your cat. Place the carrier there on the floor and open the door to the carrier. Let your cat come out on its own timetable.
Do not coax your cat. This can cause unnecessary stress.
Try to maintain a sense of calm and quiet during this process.
You can leave the cat alone in this room, or you can sit quietly in a corner (maybe while reading a book) while waiting for your cat to emerge.
3-2. Follow your cat's lead.
If your cat approaches you and seems interested in you petting it, go ahead. Otherwise, just remain calm and give your pet time to explore and adjust.
Use slow, controlled movements when near your cat. Sudden movements or loud noises can easily startle your new family member.
3-3. Teach your children important safety tips.
Your children have probably been dreaming about having a cat for as long as they can remember, and they will be excited to have it home at last. However, you need to make sure your child is ready to interact with this new family member so that everyone remains safe.
Children need to be told not to chase the cat, pull on it, or tease it.
Remind your child to be gentle when petting the cat.
Instruct your children to wash their hands after playing with the cat to avoid transferring germs.
Have your child offer the cat or kitten a treat the first time they meet.
3-4. Slowly introduce your cat or kitten to other pets.
Both your new pet and your resident cat or dog will need to adjust. Give your resident pet extra attention, so it doesn't feel stressed or anxious about the new family member.
Stay in the room when introducing your pets, so you can be close by if a problem arises.
If there is any hissing or growling when your pets encounter each other, separate them and try to get them together again a few days later.
Make sure your dog is leashed the first few times it encounters your cat. Dogs can be aggressive, and kittens may lurch for your dog's face.
Have treats for all of your pets on hand when introducing them so you can reward good behavior.
3-5. Get ready for litter training.
Cats bury their waste by nature, so training your cat to use its litter box will be easy. You can place your cat or kitten in the litter box every hour or so, or after meals or naps, to show it where it is.
Remember cats do not like to eat next to their litter box, so allow some separation between the two.
If you have a dog, keep the litter box out of its reach so the dog doesn't eat the cat's feces or scare the cat from relieving itself.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Taking Care of the Preliminaries\\n1-1. Purchase a sturdy pet carrier to take your cat home.\\nYour cat will understandably be nervous when you take it home, and a secure carrier can offer an enclosed space to offer comfort and keep your cat safe.\\nSome cats vomit or urinate while nervous, so a well-made carrier can protect your car's interior.\\nYour shelter or breeder may be able to lend you a carrier for your first trip home.\\nAsk your shelter or breeder for a blanket or towel that your cat has been sleeping with to put in the carrier. The familiar smell will be comforting to your cat on its trip to your home.\\n1-2. Buy feeding and litter box supplies.\\nYour cat or kitten will obviously need to eat and eliminate waste the day you bring it home, so be prepared by having all of the essentials you will need. These include food and water dishes, a litter box, and a supply of kitty litter.\\nKittens grow a lot in their first year, and they have specific dietary and nutritional needs. If you're adopting a kitten, be sure to buy specially formulated kitten food.\\nYou may want to talk with your shelter or breeder and select the same type of food and litter your cat or kitten is already used to, at least for the first few weeks. You can gradually add in different types so your cat doesn't face too many changes at once.\\n1-3. Purchase bedding for your new pet.\\nWhile some cats may be happy to sleep on other furniture in the house, they will feel more secure and comfortable if they have their own bed. You can choose a bed as simple as a cat-sized pillow, blanket, or mat or a nest-type bed that will help keep your cat warm while sleeping. \\nCats like to sleep off of the floor, so place your cat's bed on top of a chair or table. Be cautious about this with very young kittens or elderly cats. This may increase their risk for injury.\\nIf you have more than one cat, providing a bed for each of them will help ease territorial issues.\\nYou may need to move the location of the cat's bed a few times before you find a place that your cat prefers.\\n1-4. Remember to get toys and scratching posts for your cat.\\nIt can be easy to forget about these if you haven't had a cat before, but they are important for making your new pet feel at home.\\nMake sure any cat toys you buy don't have small pieces that can be easily eaten by your cats.\\nSimilarly, steer clear of toys with strings or ribbon on them. If these become loose, your cat can swallow them. Keep rubber bands and elastic away from your cats as well because they can swallow these and choke on them or sustain intestinal injuries from them.\\n1-5. Find a veterinarian.\\nYou will want to make sure your new cat or kitten is in good health as soon as it becomes yours, so find and schedule a visit with a veterinarian as soon as possible. It is best if you can take your cat to the veterinarian before you even bring it home.\\nYour veterinarian will check for pests like ear mites, fleas, and worms.\\nYour cat or kitten will also receive any vaccinations it needs.\\nKeep in mind that kittens can be spayed or neutered as early as eight weeks, but ideally before 6 months of age. However, spaying or neutering is a wise idea at any age after eight weeks.\\n2. Preparing Your Home\\n2-1. Make sure your other pets are vaccinated.\\nAnimals can easily transmit parasites or diseases to one another. To prevent this from happening as much as possible, make sure your resident pets are up to date on their vaccinations before introducing a new cat or kitten to your home.\\n2-2. Decide on a temporary home for your cat.\\nIt can be overwhelming for your new cat or kitten to get used to the unfamiliar environs of your house or apartment. To help ease this transition, place your cat's food and water bowls and litter box in a quiet space in your home, maybe even a room with a door that can be closed.\\nHow long you keep the cat in this temporary location is up to your pet. Often, cats are comfortable to explore the rest of your house after a few days, but some cats may take more time. Carefully watch your pet to see when it is ready to explore.\\nOnce your cat is used to you and your home, you can place these essential items in a more convenient location.\\nKeep the temporary location available for your cat to re-enter if it is overwhelmed when venturing out.\\nKeep a supply of cat toys and a scratching post in this room as well.\\nSince cats like to hide when scared, it is helpful to have some furniture or empty boxes in this room to provide a hideaway.\\n2-3. Remove any hazards from your home.\\nWelcoming a cat or kitten into your home is like bringing home a curious toddler. Nearly anything visible or reachable can provoke curiosity, so be sure to remove any breakables or items that can be easily knocked over before bringing home your new friend.\\nCheck your houseplants to be sure they aren't poisonous if eaten by your cat.\\nBe fastidious about keeping your floors and surfaces of anything your cat or kitten may ingest, like rubber bands, thread, or string. These can cause intestinal blockages.\\nKeep your toilet covers and dryer doors closed. Also, check the dryer before putting laundry into and watch to ensure your cat or kitten does not go into the dryer. They may be seriously injured or even killed from being shut inside of a dryer while it is running.\\nTie up or securely anchor window shade or blind cords so your cat can't be strangled.\\nUse covers for your electric outlets and bundle and stow away electric cords so your cat won't chew on them.\\nPay attention when using recliners as well. Cats and kittens my go up inside of a recliner when the footrest is extended, and they may be seriously injured or killed by the mechanism in the recliner if you put the footrest back down while they are under there. Be sure you know where your cat or kitten is at before putting the footrest back down.\\n3. Welcoming Your New Family Member\\n3-1. Let your cat acclimate slowly to your home.\\nOnce you arrive home with your new pet, go to the room you have prepared for your cat. Place the carrier there on the floor and open the door to the carrier. Let your cat come out on its own timetable.\\nDo not coax your cat. This can cause unnecessary stress.\\nTry to maintain a sense of calm and quiet during this process.\\nYou can leave the cat alone in this room, or you can sit quietly in a corner (maybe while reading a book) while waiting for your cat to emerge.\\n3-2. Follow your cat's lead.\\nIf your cat approaches you and seems interested in you petting it, go ahead. Otherwise, just remain calm and give your pet time to explore and adjust.\\nUse slow, controlled movements when near your cat. Sudden movements or loud noises can easily startle your new family member.\\n3-3. Teach your children important safety tips.\\nYour children have probably been dreaming about having a cat for as long as they can remember, and they will be excited to have it home at last. However, you need to make sure your child is ready to interact with this new family member so that everyone remains safe.\\nChildren need to be told not to chase the cat, pull on it, or tease it.\\nRemind your child to be gentle when petting the cat.\\nInstruct your children to wash their hands after playing with the cat to avoid transferring germs.\\nHave your child offer the cat or kitten a treat the first time they meet.\\n3-4. Slowly introduce your cat or kitten to other pets.\\nBoth your new pet and your resident cat or dog will need to adjust. Give your resident pet extra attention, so it doesn't feel stressed or anxious about the new family member.\\nStay in the room when introducing your pets, so you can be close by if a problem arises.\\nIf there is any hissing or growling when your pets encounter each other, separate them and try to get them together again a few days later.\\nMake sure your dog is leashed the first few times it encounters your cat. Dogs can be aggressive, and kittens may lurch for your dog's face.\\nHave treats for all of your pets on hand when introducing them so you can reward good behavior.\\n3-5. Get ready for litter training.\\nCats bury their waste by nature, so training your cat to use its litter box will be easy. You can place your cat or kitten in the litter box every hour or so, or after meals or naps, to show it where it is.\\nRemember cats do not like to eat next to their litter box, so allow some separation between the two.\\nIf you have a dog, keep the litter box out of its reach so the dog doesn't eat the cat's feces or scare the cat from relieving itself.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Bringing home a new cat or kitten can be an exciting time for you and your family. Because cats tend to be creatures of habit, however, making the transition to a new home can be frightening and anxiety-provoking for them. By planning ahead and considering any problems or issues you may face, you can make your new cat or kitten's arrival at your home as easy as possible.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Taking Care of the Preliminaries\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Purchase a sturdy pet carrier to take your cat home.\", \"描述\": \"Your cat will understandably be nervous when you take it home, and a secure carrier can offer an enclosed space to offer comfort and keep your cat safe.\\nSome cats vomit or urinate while nervous, so a well-made carrier can protect your car's interior.\\nYour shelter or breeder may be able to lend you a carrier for your first trip home.\\nAsk your shelter or breeder for a blanket or towel that your cat has been sleeping with to put in the carrier. The familiar smell will be comforting to your cat on its trip to your home.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Buy feeding and litter box supplies.\", \"描述\": \"Your cat or kitten will obviously need to eat and eliminate waste the day you bring it home, so be prepared by having all of the essentials you will need. These include food and water dishes, a litter box, and a supply of kitty litter.\\nKittens grow a lot in their first year, and they have specific dietary and nutritional needs. If you're adopting a kitten, be sure to buy specially formulated kitten food.\\nYou may want to talk with your shelter or breeder and select the same type of food and litter your cat or kitten is already used to, at least for the first few weeks. You can gradually add in different types so your cat doesn't face too many changes at once.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Purchase bedding for your new pet.\", \"描述\": \"While some cats may be happy to sleep on other furniture in the house, they will feel more secure and comfortable if they have their own bed. You can choose a bed as simple as a cat-sized pillow, blanket, or mat or a nest-type bed that will help keep your cat warm while sleeping. \\nCats like to sleep off of the floor, so place your cat's bed on top of a chair or table. Be cautious about this with very young kittens or elderly cats. This may increase their risk for injury.\\nIf you have more than one cat, providing a bed for each of them will help ease territorial issues.\\nYou may need to move the location of the cat's bed a few times before you find a place that your cat prefers.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Remember to get toys and scratching posts for your cat.\", \"描述\": \"It can be easy to forget about these if you haven't had a cat before, but they are important for making your new pet feel at home.\\nMake sure any cat toys you buy don't have small pieces that can be easily eaten by your cats.\\nSimilarly, steer clear of toys with strings or ribbon on them. If these become loose, your cat can swallow them. Keep rubber bands and elastic away from your cats as well because they can swallow these and choke on them or sustain intestinal injuries from them.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Find a veterinarian.\", \"描述\": \"You will want to make sure your new cat or kitten is in good health as soon as it becomes yours, so find and schedule a visit with a veterinarian as soon as possible. It is best if you can take your cat to the veterinarian before you even bring it home.\\nYour veterinarian will check for pests like ear mites, fleas, and worms.\\nYour cat or kitten will also receive any vaccinations it needs.\\nKeep in mind that kittens can be spayed or neutered as early as eight weeks, but ideally before 6 months of age. However, spaying or neutering is a wise idea at any age after eight weeks.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preparing Your Home\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make sure your other pets are vaccinated.\", \"描述\": \"Animals can easily transmit parasites or diseases to one another. To prevent this from happening as much as possible, make sure your resident pets are up to date on their vaccinations before introducing a new cat or kitten to your home.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide on a temporary home for your cat.\", \"描述\": \"It can be overwhelming for your new cat or kitten to get used to the unfamiliar environs of your house or apartment. To help ease this transition, place your cat's food and water bowls and litter box in a quiet space in your home, maybe even a room with a door that can be closed.\\nHow long you keep the cat in this temporary location is up to your pet. Often, cats are comfortable to explore the rest of your house after a few days, but some cats may take more time. Carefully watch your pet to see when it is ready to explore.\\nOnce your cat is used to you and your home, you can place these essential items in a more convenient location.\\nKeep the temporary location available for your cat to re-enter if it is overwhelmed when venturing out.\\nKeep a supply of cat toys and a scratching post in this room as well.\\nSince cats like to hide when scared, it is helpful to have some furniture or empty boxes in this room to provide a hideaway.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Remove any hazards from your home.\", \"描述\": \"Welcoming a cat or kitten into your home is like bringing home a curious toddler. Nearly anything visible or reachable can provoke curiosity, so be sure to remove any breakables or items that can be easily knocked over before bringing home your new friend.\\nCheck your houseplants to be sure they aren't poisonous if eaten by your cat.\\nBe fastidious about keeping your floors and surfaces of anything your cat or kitten may ingest, like rubber bands, thread, or string. These can cause intestinal blockages.\\nKeep your toilet covers and dryer doors closed. Also, check the dryer before putting laundry into and watch to ensure your cat or kitten does not go into the dryer. They may be seriously injured or even killed from being shut inside of a dryer while it is running.\\nTie up or securely anchor window shade or blind cords so your cat can't be strangled.\\nUse covers for your electric outlets and bundle and stow away electric cords so your cat won't chew on them.\\nPay attention when using recliners as well. Cats and kittens my go up inside of a recliner when the footrest is extended, and they may be seriously injured or killed by the mechanism in the recliner if you put the footrest back down while they are under there. Be sure you know where your cat or kitten is at before putting the footrest back down.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Welcoming Your New Family Member\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Let your cat acclimate slowly to your home.\", \"描述\": \"Once you arrive home with your new pet, go to the room you have prepared for your cat. Place the carrier there on the floor and open the door to the carrier. Let your cat come out on its own timetable.\\nDo not coax your cat. This can cause unnecessary stress.\\nTry to maintain a sense of calm and quiet during this process.\\nYou can leave the cat alone in this room, or you can sit quietly in a corner (maybe while reading a book) while waiting for your cat to emerge.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Follow your cat's lead.\", \"描述\": \"If your cat approaches you and seems interested in you petting it, go ahead. Otherwise, just remain calm and give your pet time to explore and adjust.\\nUse slow, controlled movements when near your cat. Sudden movements or loud noises can easily startle your new family member.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Teach your children important safety tips.\", \"描述\": \"Your children have probably been dreaming about having a cat for as long as they can remember, and they will be excited to have it home at last. However, you need to make sure your child is ready to interact with this new family member so that everyone remains safe.\\nChildren need to be told not to chase the cat, pull on it, or tease it.\\nRemind your child to be gentle when petting the cat.\\nInstruct your children to wash their hands after playing with the cat to avoid transferring germs.\\nHave your child offer the cat or kitten a treat the first time they meet.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Slowly introduce your cat or kitten to other pets.\", \"描述\": \"Both your new pet and your resident cat or dog will need to adjust. Give your resident pet extra attention, so it doesn't feel stressed or anxious about the new family member.\\nStay in the room when introducing your pets, so you can be close by if a problem arises.\\nIf there is any hissing or growling when your pets encounter each other, separate them and try to get them together again a few days later.\\nMake sure your dog is leashed the first few times it encounters your cat. Dogs can be aggressive, and kittens may lurch for your dog's face.\\nHave treats for all of your pets on hand when introducing them so you can reward good behavior.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get ready for litter training.\", \"描述\": \"Cats bury their waste by nature, so training your cat to use its litter box will be easy. You can place your cat or kitten in the litter box every hour or so, or after meals or naps, to show it where it is.\\nRemember cats do not like to eat next to their litter box, so allow some separation between the two.\\nIf you have a dog, keep the litter box out of its reach so the dog doesn't eat the cat's feces or scare the cat from relieving itself.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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7,021 |
How to Bring a Pet Into the United States from Another Country
|
1. Preparing for Air Travel With Your Pet
1-1. Consider your options for your pet’s air travel.
You have several options for airline travel: having your pet travel with you on the same plane, booking your pet on another flight, or shipping your pet to the US via a licensed commercial shipper. If you pet will be traveling on the same plane with you, he can travel in the cabin with you, be checked in as baggage, or shipped as cargo.
Only small dogs and cats are allowed to travel in the cabin with you and they must be securely stowed under the seat in a special carrier in front of you. Ask your airline about carrier requirements if your pet will be traveling in the cabin.
Dogs and cats checked-in as baggage or shipped as cargo must be in a sturdy carrier that will allow them enough space to comfortably stand, sit and lie down.
Air travel can be very tough on pets, but airlines do make efforts to make the flight comfortable for pets that are shipped as baggage or cargo. For example, the baggage and cargo area is pressurized and quiet.
Shipping crates can be purchased at your local pet store or through your airline. Make sure the crate is USDA-approved.
If you are not comfortable with booking your pet’s travel on a different flight, or using a commercial shipper, follow your own airline’s pet travel requirements to ensure a smooth traveling process for you and your pet.
1-2. Contact your airline to learn about its pet travel requirements.
It is very important for you know your airline’s pet travel requirements before you book your flight. Keep in mind that pet travel requirements will vary from airline to airline, and may differ between US and non-US airlines.
US airlines generally require a health certificate for pets traveling internationally. Some US airlines require the certificate to be no older than 10 days old, while others may require a certificate that is less than 10 days old.
Ensure that you have all the necessary medical information and permits required before entering the USA.
Be aware that pets weighing 100 pounds or more will be considered as cargo. If your pet is around 100 pounds, check with your airline to learn if you will be charged a cargo fee.
It would also be helpful to inquire about where you should pick up your pet after the flight lands.
1-3. Attach identifying information to your pet’s carrier.
This is very important! Include your contact information, as well as the address to where you will be traveling. It would also be helpful to attach a clear picture of your pet to his carrier, in case he escapes from his carrier.
Attach a ‘live animal’ sign to your pet’s carrier, along with arrows to indicate which side of the crate should face up.
1-4. Notify airline employees that you are traveling with a pet.
From the time you check in until the time you get settled in your seat, notify as many airline staff as possible that your pet is on the plane with you. They may be able to make special accommodations to make sure your pet is comfortable and safe.
1-5. Maximize your pet’s comfort during the flight.
In addition to making sure your pet is healthy, you can make air travel itself as comfortable for him as possible. For example, you can feed your pet a light meal about two hours before you arrive at the airport. You do not want him to have a lot of food on his stomach before getting on the plane.
If you have a dog, it is a good idea to take him for a walk before heading to the airport, and again after you check in. This will give him some exercise, as well as an opportunity to go to the bathroom before getting on the plane.
Minimize the number of layovers for your trip. Layovers may be unavoidable, depending on where you are traveling from. If you are unable to get a direct flight, an itinerary with as few layovers as possible will minimize the stress of loading and unloading your pet—for you and for him.
For long flights, it is helpful to freeze a pouch of food and water the night before your flight. Freezing the food and water will prevent a mess in your pet’s carrier, and can make it easier for you or the airline staff to feed him.
2. Obtaining the Necessary Documentation for Your Pet
2-1. Determine if you need a health certificate for your pet.
A health certificate, officially known as a Veterinary Health Certificate, is not required for the entry of most pets into the US. However, most airlines, as well as some states, require health certificates. Check with your airline, and the state to which you will be traveling, to get more information about health certificate requirements.
Once you know your destination in the US, call the American Embassy in your country to find out if there are any specific entry requirements for that state.
If you need a health certificate, it must be completed and signed by a licensed veterinarian.
There may be restrictions on how old the health certificate can be for international travel. Pay close attention to these restrictions to ensure you obtain the health certificate within the appropriate time frame before you travel to the US.
2-2. Learn the entry requirements for canine rabies vaccination.
A rabies vaccination is required for all dogs entering the US, including puppies and service dogs. Your dog must a have rabies vaccination certificate that was completed and signed by a licensed veterinarian.
The certificate will include such information as your contact information (name and address), information about your dog (e.g., age, breed, sex), the date of rabies vaccination, and vaccine product information.
If your dog has not received a prior rabies vaccination, he will need to receive the vaccination at least 30 days before your arrival in the US.
It is acceptable for your dog to receive a booster rabies vaccination less than 30 days before arrival if he meets the following requirements: 1) at least 15 months of age, 2) received a rabies vaccine after 3 months of age, and 3) the vaccine has expired.
Your dog will not need a rabies vaccination if you are traveling from a rabies-free country in which you have lived for the past six months. A current list of rabies-free countries can be found at: http://www.cdc.gov/importation/rabies-free-countries.html
Be mindful that your dog may be denied entry if you do not have valid proof of his rabies vaccination.
2-3. Learn the entry requirements for pet birds.
If you would like to bring your pet bird with you, be aware that bird imports are banned from some countries due to the risk avian influenza. Visit the USDA APHIS website (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/importexport) for a list of these countries.
Even if you are not traveling from one of the banned countries, your bird will have to enter a 30-day quarantine at the USDA Animal Import Center
Pet birds require several pieces of documentation for entry into the US: Exporting Country Veterinary Health Certification, USDA Import Permit, and a Fish and Wildlife Certification (if necessary).
2-4. Learn the entry requirements for pets other than cats, dogs, or birds.
There are no restrictions or requirements on the import of rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, or ferrets. If you have one of these pets, they must be healthy at the port of entry. If your pet looks sick when you enter the US, he will need to be quarantined
If you have a pet turtle, the length of shell will be important for his entry into the US. A turtle whose shell is less than four inches (about 12 centimeters) long can be permitted for entry into the US, as long as he is not used for commercial purposes.
3. Getting Veterinary Care Before Traveling to the US
3-1. Take your pet to your veterinarian.
Making sure your pet is healthy and up-to-date on his vaccinations is one of the most important things you can do to ensure a safe and smooth entry into the US for your pet. There may be a specific time frame for this visit, usually no more than seven days before you travel. Be aware that a pet who looks sick at the port of entry will need to be examined by a licensed veterinarian
Notify your veterinarian when you schedule the appointment that you will be traveling to the US. Your veterinarian will ensure that your pet is fully vaccinated and make sure you have all of the necessary veterinary documentation before you travel.
Your veterinarian must be approved by your home country to verify the exportation of animals. Ask your vet if they are certified to do this. If not, contact the government agency in charge of the import/export of animals in your home country. They should be able to provide a list of suitably trained vets in your area.
It is also a good idea to contact the American Embassy in your country, to ask about any specific requirements necessary to get a pet from your country into the US. This may vary depending on what diseases are common in that country, especially if they are rare or not in the United States.
3-2. Check your pet’s rabies vaccination status.
For the US, rabies vaccination status applies to dogs and cats. Cats are not required to have a rabies vaccination for entry. However, some states may require that your cat have a current rabies vaccination. Check the rabies vaccination requirements for the state to which you will be traveling.
3-3. Discuss your pet’s air travel with your veterinarian.
Air travel can be difficult for pets. The anxiety of travel, along with confinement on a plane, can be very stressful for your pet. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) strongly advises giving sedatives to a pet for air travel, since the sedatives can negatively affect his breathing.
Talk with your veterinarian about safe options to keep your pet calm during the flight.
3-4. Microchip your pet.
This is most applicable for dogs and cats. A microchip is not required for entry to the US, but is highly recommended for air travel. The microchip will help identify your pet if he happens to escape.
Your veterinarian can microchip your pet during the appointment to check his overall health.
Make sure that your dog or cat also has a collar and ID tag.
Tips
Since puppies cannot receive a rabies vaccination until they are at least three months old, they must be at least four months old to enter the US.[35]
X
Trustworthy Source
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services
Go to source
Bringing your pet to the US requires diligent preparation. Allow plenty of time to prepare and be aware of the additional costs (e.g. veterinary visits, airline fees) associated with bringing him to the US.
Warnings
Your dog will be denied entry if he as a communicable disease — a disease that can be spread to people.[36]
X
Trustworthy Source
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services
Go to source
Take your pet to your veterinarian to make sure that he is free of communicable diseases.
Your dog will also be denied entry if he has screwworms. Screwworms can be devastating to US agriculture, so your dog will need a certificate verifying he is free of screwworms if you are traveling from a country where screwworms are present.[37]
X
Trustworthy Source
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services
Go to source
Visit the USDA APHIS website (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/importexport) for a list of these countries.
Sedatives can affect your pet's ability to breathe during a flight.[38]
X
Trustworthy Source
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
Leading organization dedicated to the prevention of animal cruelty
Go to source
It is possible that your pet will become sick, or even die, during your flight. If your pet dies during the trip, public health officials will need to make sure that he does not have a communicable disease.[39]
X
Trustworthy Source
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Main public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services
Go to source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing for Air Travel With Your Pet\\n1-1. Consider your options for your pet’s air travel.\\nYou have several options for airline travel: having your pet travel with you on the same plane, booking your pet on another flight, or shipping your pet to the US via a licensed commercial shipper. If you pet will be traveling on the same plane with you, he can travel in the cabin with you, be checked in as baggage, or shipped as cargo.\\nOnly small dogs and cats are allowed to travel in the cabin with you and they must be securely stowed under the seat in a special carrier in front of you. Ask your airline about carrier requirements if your pet will be traveling in the cabin.\\nDogs and cats checked-in as baggage or shipped as cargo must be in a sturdy carrier that will allow them enough space to comfortably stand, sit and lie down.\\nAir travel can be very tough on pets, but airlines do make efforts to make the flight comfortable for pets that are shipped as baggage or cargo. For example, the baggage and cargo area is pressurized and quiet.\\nShipping crates can be purchased at your local pet store or through your airline. Make sure the crate is USDA-approved.\\nIf you are not comfortable with booking your pet’s travel on a different flight, or using a commercial shipper, follow your own airline’s pet travel requirements to ensure a smooth traveling process for you and your pet.\\n1-2. Contact your airline to learn about its pet travel requirements.\\nIt is very important for you know your airline’s pet travel requirements before you book your flight. Keep in mind that pet travel requirements will vary from airline to airline, and may differ between US and non-US airlines. \\nUS airlines generally require a health certificate for pets traveling internationally. Some US airlines require the certificate to be no older than 10 days old, while others may require a certificate that is less than 10 days old.\\nEnsure that you have all the necessary medical information and permits required before entering the USA.\\nBe aware that pets weighing 100 pounds or more will be considered as cargo. If your pet is around 100 pounds, check with your airline to learn if you will be charged a cargo fee.\\nIt would also be helpful to inquire about where you should pick up your pet after the flight lands.\\n1-3. Attach identifying information to your pet’s carrier.\\nThis is very important! Include your contact information, as well as the address to where you will be traveling. It would also be helpful to attach a clear picture of your pet to his carrier, in case he escapes from his carrier.\\nAttach a ‘live animal’ sign to your pet’s carrier, along with arrows to indicate which side of the crate should face up.\\n1-4. Notify airline employees that you are traveling with a pet.\\nFrom the time you check in until the time you get settled in your seat, notify as many airline staff as possible that your pet is on the plane with you. They may be able to make special accommodations to make sure your pet is comfortable and safe.\\n1-5. Maximize your pet’s comfort during the flight.\\nIn addition to making sure your pet is healthy, you can make air travel itself as comfortable for him as possible. For example, you can feed your pet a light meal about two hours before you arrive at the airport. You do not want him to have a lot of food on his stomach before getting on the plane.\\nIf you have a dog, it is a good idea to take him for a walk before heading to the airport, and again after you check in. This will give him some exercise, as well as an opportunity to go to the bathroom before getting on the plane.\\nMinimize the number of layovers for your trip. Layovers may be unavoidable, depending on where you are traveling from. If you are unable to get a direct flight, an itinerary with as few layovers as possible will minimize the stress of loading and unloading your pet—for you and for him.\\nFor long flights, it is helpful to freeze a pouch of food and water the night before your flight. Freezing the food and water will prevent a mess in your pet’s carrier, and can make it easier for you or the airline staff to feed him.\\n2. Obtaining the Necessary Documentation for Your Pet\\n2-1. Determine if you need a health certificate for your pet.\\nA health certificate, officially known as a Veterinary Health Certificate, is not required for the entry of most pets into the US. However, most airlines, as well as some states, require health certificates. Check with your airline, and the state to which you will be traveling, to get more information about health certificate requirements. \\nOnce you know your destination in the US, call the American Embassy in your country to find out if there are any specific entry requirements for that state.\\nIf you need a health certificate, it must be completed and signed by a licensed veterinarian.\\nThere may be restrictions on how old the health certificate can be for international travel. Pay close attention to these restrictions to ensure you obtain the health certificate within the appropriate time frame before you travel to the US.\\n2-2. Learn the entry requirements for canine rabies vaccination.\\nA rabies vaccination is required for all dogs entering the US, including puppies and service dogs. Your dog must a have rabies vaccination certificate that was completed and signed by a licensed veterinarian.\\nThe certificate will include such information as your contact information (name and address), information about your dog (e.g., age, breed, sex), the date of rabies vaccination, and vaccine product information.\\nIf your dog has not received a prior rabies vaccination, he will need to receive the vaccination at least 30 days before your arrival in the US.\\nIt is acceptable for your dog to receive a booster rabies vaccination less than 30 days before arrival if he meets the following requirements: 1) at least 15 months of age, 2) received a rabies vaccine after 3 months of age, and 3) the vaccine has expired.\\nYour dog will not need a rabies vaccination if you are traveling from a rabies-free country in which you have lived for the past six months. A current list of rabies-free countries can be found at: http://www.cdc.gov/importation/rabies-free-countries.html\\nBe mindful that your dog may be denied entry if you do not have valid proof of his rabies vaccination.\\n2-3. Learn the entry requirements for pet birds.\\nIf you would like to bring your pet bird with you, be aware that bird imports are banned from some countries due to the risk avian influenza. Visit the USDA APHIS website (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/importexport) for a list of these countries.\\nEven if you are not traveling from one of the banned countries, your bird will have to enter a 30-day quarantine at the USDA Animal Import Center \\nPet birds require several pieces of documentation for entry into the US: Exporting Country Veterinary Health Certification, USDA Import Permit, and a Fish and Wildlife Certification (if necessary).\\n2-4. Learn the entry requirements for pets other than cats, dogs, or birds.\\nThere are no restrictions or requirements on the import of rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, or ferrets. If you have one of these pets, they must be healthy at the port of entry. If your pet looks sick when you enter the US, he will need to be quarantined \\nIf you have a pet turtle, the length of shell will be important for his entry into the US. A turtle whose shell is less than four inches (about 12 centimeters) long can be permitted for entry into the US, as long as he is not used for commercial purposes.\\n3. Getting Veterinary Care Before Traveling to the US\\n3-1. Take your pet to your veterinarian.\\nMaking sure your pet is healthy and up-to-date on his vaccinations is one of the most important things you can do to ensure a safe and smooth entry into the US for your pet. There may be a specific time frame for this visit, usually no more than seven days before you travel. Be aware that a pet who looks sick at the port of entry will need to be examined by a licensed veterinarian \\nNotify your veterinarian when you schedule the appointment that you will be traveling to the US. Your veterinarian will ensure that your pet is fully vaccinated and make sure you have all of the necessary veterinary documentation before you travel.\\nYour veterinarian must be approved by your home country to verify the exportation of animals. Ask your vet if they are certified to do this. If not, contact the government agency in charge of the import/export of animals in your home country. They should be able to provide a list of suitably trained vets in your area.\\nIt is also a good idea to contact the American Embassy in your country, to ask about any specific requirements necessary to get a pet from your country into the US. This may vary depending on what diseases are common in that country, especially if they are rare or not in the United States.\\n3-2. Check your pet’s rabies vaccination status.\\nFor the US, rabies vaccination status applies to dogs and cats. Cats are not required to have a rabies vaccination for entry. However, some states may require that your cat have a current rabies vaccination. Check the rabies vaccination requirements for the state to which you will be traveling.\\n3-3. Discuss your pet’s air travel with your veterinarian.\\nAir travel can be difficult for pets. The anxiety of travel, along with confinement on a plane, can be very stressful for your pet. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) strongly advises giving sedatives to a pet for air travel, since the sedatives can negatively affect his breathing.\\nTalk with your veterinarian about safe options to keep your pet calm during the flight.\\n3-4. Microchip your pet.\\nThis is most applicable for dogs and cats. A microchip is not required for entry to the US, but is highly recommended for air travel. The microchip will help identify your pet if he happens to escape.\\nYour veterinarian can microchip your pet during the appointment to check his overall health.\\nMake sure that your dog or cat also has a collar and ID tag.\\nTips\\nSince puppies cannot receive a rabies vaccination until they are at least three months old, they must be at least four months old to enter the US.[35]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\\nMain public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services\\nGo to source\\nBringing your pet to the US requires diligent preparation. Allow plenty of time to prepare and be aware of the additional costs (e.g. veterinary visits, airline fees) associated with bringing him to the US.\\nWarnings\\nYour dog will be denied entry if he as a communicable disease — a disease that can be spread to people.[36]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\\nMain public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services\\nGo to source\\n\\n Take your pet to your veterinarian to make sure that he is free of communicable diseases.\\nYour dog will also be denied entry if he has screwworms. Screwworms can be devastating to US agriculture, so your dog will need a certificate verifying he is free of screwworms if you are traveling from a country where screwworms are present.[37]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\\nMain public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services\\nGo to source\\n\\n Visit the USDA APHIS website (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/importexport) for a list of these countries.\\nSedatives can affect your pet's ability to breathe during a flight.[38]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nAmerican Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\\nLeading organization dedicated to the prevention of animal cruelty\\nGo to source\\nIt is possible that your pet will become sick, or even die, during your flight. If your pet dies during the trip, public health officials will need to make sure that he does not have a communicable disease.[39]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\\nMain public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services\\nGo to source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Bringing a pet to the United States from another country is no small task. As exciting as it may be to bring your pet with you to the US, do not let your excitement get in the way of ensuring that your pet meets the requirements for entry when you arrive. Leaving plenty of time to research the entry requirements, obtain the proper documentation, and prepare for your pet’s air travel will make the process go much more smoothly.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing for Air Travel With Your Pet\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider your options for your pet’s air travel.\", \"描述\": \"You have several options for airline travel: having your pet travel with you on the same plane, booking your pet on another flight, or shipping your pet to the US via a licensed commercial shipper. If you pet will be traveling on the same plane with you, he can travel in the cabin with you, be checked in as baggage, or shipped as cargo.\\nOnly small dogs and cats are allowed to travel in the cabin with you and they must be securely stowed under the seat in a special carrier in front of you. Ask your airline about carrier requirements if your pet will be traveling in the cabin.\\nDogs and cats checked-in as baggage or shipped as cargo must be in a sturdy carrier that will allow them enough space to comfortably stand, sit and lie down.\\nAir travel can be very tough on pets, but airlines do make efforts to make the flight comfortable for pets that are shipped as baggage or cargo. For example, the baggage and cargo area is pressurized and quiet.\\nShipping crates can be purchased at your local pet store or through your airline. Make sure the crate is USDA-approved.\\nIf you are not comfortable with booking your pet’s travel on a different flight, or using a commercial shipper, follow your own airline’s pet travel requirements to ensure a smooth traveling process for you and your pet.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Contact your airline to learn about its pet travel requirements.\", \"描述\": \"It is very important for you know your airline’s pet travel requirements before you book your flight. Keep in mind that pet travel requirements will vary from airline to airline, and may differ between US and non-US airlines. \\nUS airlines generally require a health certificate for pets traveling internationally. Some US airlines require the certificate to be no older than 10 days old, while others may require a certificate that is less than 10 days old.\\nEnsure that you have all the necessary medical information and permits required before entering the USA.\\nBe aware that pets weighing 100 pounds or more will be considered as cargo. If your pet is around 100 pounds, check with your airline to learn if you will be charged a cargo fee.\\nIt would also be helpful to inquire about where you should pick up your pet after the flight lands.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attach identifying information to your pet’s carrier.\", \"描述\": \"This is very important! Include your contact information, as well as the address to where you will be traveling. It would also be helpful to attach a clear picture of your pet to his carrier, in case he escapes from his carrier.\\nAttach a ‘live animal’ sign to your pet’s carrier, along with arrows to indicate which side of the crate should face up.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Notify airline employees that you are traveling with a pet.\", \"描述\": \"From the time you check in until the time you get settled in your seat, notify as many airline staff as possible that your pet is on the plane with you. They may be able to make special accommodations to make sure your pet is comfortable and safe.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Maximize your pet’s comfort during the flight.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to making sure your pet is healthy, you can make air travel itself as comfortable for him as possible. For example, you can feed your pet a light meal about two hours before you arrive at the airport. You do not want him to have a lot of food on his stomach before getting on the plane.\\nIf you have a dog, it is a good idea to take him for a walk before heading to the airport, and again after you check in. This will give him some exercise, as well as an opportunity to go to the bathroom before getting on the plane.\\nMinimize the number of layovers for your trip. Layovers may be unavoidable, depending on where you are traveling from. If you are unable to get a direct flight, an itinerary with as few layovers as possible will minimize the stress of loading and unloading your pet—for you and for him.\\nFor long flights, it is helpful to freeze a pouch of food and water the night before your flight. Freezing the food and water will prevent a mess in your pet’s carrier, and can make it easier for you or the airline staff to feed him.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Obtaining the Necessary Documentation for Your Pet\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine if you need a health certificate for your pet.\", \"描述\": \"A health certificate, officially known as a Veterinary Health Certificate, is not required for the entry of most pets into the US. However, most airlines, as well as some states, require health certificates. Check with your airline, and the state to which you will be traveling, to get more information about health certificate requirements. \\nOnce you know your destination in the US, call the American Embassy in your country to find out if there are any specific entry requirements for that state.\\nIf you need a health certificate, it must be completed and signed by a licensed veterinarian.\\nThere may be restrictions on how old the health certificate can be for international travel. Pay close attention to these restrictions to ensure you obtain the health certificate within the appropriate time frame before you travel to the US.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn the entry requirements for canine rabies vaccination.\", \"描述\": \"A rabies vaccination is required for all dogs entering the US, including puppies and service dogs. Your dog must a have rabies vaccination certificate that was completed and signed by a licensed veterinarian.\\nThe certificate will include such information as your contact information (name and address), information about your dog (e.g., age, breed, sex), the date of rabies vaccination, and vaccine product information.\\nIf your dog has not received a prior rabies vaccination, he will need to receive the vaccination at least 30 days before your arrival in the US.\\nIt is acceptable for your dog to receive a booster rabies vaccination less than 30 days before arrival if he meets the following requirements: 1) at least 15 months of age, 2) received a rabies vaccine after 3 months of age, and 3) the vaccine has expired.\\nYour dog will not need a rabies vaccination if you are traveling from a rabies-free country in which you have lived for the past six months. A current list of rabies-free countries can be found at: http://www.cdc.gov/importation/rabies-free-countries.html\\nBe mindful that your dog may be denied entry if you do not have valid proof of his rabies vaccination.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Learn the entry requirements for pet birds.\", \"描述\": \"If you would like to bring your pet bird with you, be aware that bird imports are banned from some countries due to the risk avian influenza. Visit the USDA APHIS website (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/importexport) for a list of these countries.\\nEven if you are not traveling from one of the banned countries, your bird will have to enter a 30-day quarantine at the USDA Animal Import Center \\nPet birds require several pieces of documentation for entry into the US: Exporting Country Veterinary Health Certification, USDA Import Permit, and a Fish and Wildlife Certification (if necessary).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Learn the entry requirements for pets other than cats, dogs, or birds.\", \"描述\": \"There are no restrictions or requirements on the import of rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, or ferrets. If you have one of these pets, they must be healthy at the port of entry. If your pet looks sick when you enter the US, he will need to be quarantined \\nIf you have a pet turtle, the length of shell will be important for his entry into the US. A turtle whose shell is less than four inches (about 12 centimeters) long can be permitted for entry into the US, as long as he is not used for commercial purposes.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Getting Veterinary Care Before Traveling to the US\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take your pet to your veterinarian.\", \"描述\": \"Making sure your pet is healthy and up-to-date on his vaccinations is one of the most important things you can do to ensure a safe and smooth entry into the US for your pet. There may be a specific time frame for this visit, usually no more than seven days before you travel. Be aware that a pet who looks sick at the port of entry will need to be examined by a licensed veterinarian \\nNotify your veterinarian when you schedule the appointment that you will be traveling to the US. Your veterinarian will ensure that your pet is fully vaccinated and make sure you have all of the necessary veterinary documentation before you travel.\\nYour veterinarian must be approved by your home country to verify the exportation of animals. Ask your vet if they are certified to do this. If not, contact the government agency in charge of the import/export of animals in your home country. They should be able to provide a list of suitably trained vets in your area.\\nIt is also a good idea to contact the American Embassy in your country, to ask about any specific requirements necessary to get a pet from your country into the US. This may vary depending on what diseases are common in that country, especially if they are rare or not in the United States.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check your pet’s rabies vaccination status.\", \"描述\": \"For the US, rabies vaccination status applies to dogs and cats. Cats are not required to have a rabies vaccination for entry. However, some states may require that your cat have a current rabies vaccination. Check the rabies vaccination requirements for the state to which you will be traveling.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Discuss your pet’s air travel with your veterinarian.\", \"描述\": \"Air travel can be difficult for pets. The anxiety of travel, along with confinement on a plane, can be very stressful for your pet. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) strongly advises giving sedatives to a pet for air travel, since the sedatives can negatively affect his breathing.\\nTalk with your veterinarian about safe options to keep your pet calm during the flight.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Microchip your pet.\", \"描述\": \"This is most applicable for dogs and cats. A microchip is not required for entry to the US, but is highly recommended for air travel. The microchip will help identify your pet if he happens to escape.\\nYour veterinarian can microchip your pet during the appointment to check his overall health.\\nMake sure that your dog or cat also has a collar and ID tag.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Since puppies cannot receive a rabies vaccination until they are at least three months old, they must be at least four months old to enter the US.[35]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\\nMain public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services\\nGo to source\\n\", \"Bringing your pet to the US requires diligent preparation. Allow plenty of time to prepare and be aware of the additional costs (e.g. veterinary visits, airline fees) associated with bringing him to the US.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Your dog will be denied entry if he as a communicable disease — a disease that can be spread to people.[36]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\\nMain public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services\\nGo to source\\n\\n Take your pet to your veterinarian to make sure that he is free of communicable diseases.\\n\", \"Your dog will also be denied entry if he has screwworms. Screwworms can be devastating to US agriculture, so your dog will need a certificate verifying he is free of screwworms if you are traveling from a country where screwworms are present.[37]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\\nMain public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services\\nGo to source\\n\\n Visit the USDA APHIS website (https://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/importexport) for a list of these countries.\\n\", \"Sedatives can affect your pet's ability to breathe during a flight.[38]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nAmerican Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\\nLeading organization dedicated to the prevention of animal cruelty\\nGo to source\\n\", \"It is possible that your pet will become sick, or even die, during your flight. If your pet dies during the trip, public health officials will need to make sure that he does not have a communicable disease.[39]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nCenters for Disease Control and Prevention\\nMain public health institute for the US, run by the Dept. of Health and Human Services\\nGo to source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,022 |
How to Bring a Pet on a Lyft Ride
|
1. Getting a Lyft Ride
1-1. Open the Lyft app on your phone.
Tap the app’s icon from your phone’s home screen to open it.
1-2. Request a ride.
Tap the “Request a Lyft” button from the app’s screen, and the nearest driver will arrive to pick you up.
You’ll also receive some basic information about the driver, including his or her name, the car they’re driving, and their contact number
2. Informing the Driver
2-1. Call the driver’s number displayed on Lyft.
Take your phone and immediately contact the Lyft driver before he or she comes to pick you up.
2-2. Inform the driver that you have your pet with you.
Let the driver know that you’re with your pet before they arrive so that they know what to expect and make needed adjustments.
If you are a service dog handler traveling with your legitimate service dog (one that performs trained tasks to mitigate your disability) you do not have to call the driver. You may choose to but, by federal law, you are not required to call ahead.
Drivers with medical conditions like allergies have logical reasons why they need to decline from giving you a ride. However, the law still protects service dog handlers and their dogs. If a driver must refuse you for medical reasons, they must notify Lyft immediately and Lyft must send another driver to you immediately.
Lyft abides to the American Disability Act and has a No-Discrimination policy, which covers people who have service animals. Drivers who decline to give a lift to people with service dogs will be banned and removed from the Lyft service.
2-3. Take the ride.
Once you’ve properly informed the Lyft driver of your companion, just wait for them to arrive and come pick you up on the designated location.
3. Specifics For Service Dogs
3-1. Know the law.
In the US, federal law (The Americans with Disabilities Act or ADA) only protects people with legitimate Service Dogs. A Lyft driver is required to transport a service dog handler and their dog and only required to transport a service dog and handler.
3-2. Don't pretend your dog is a service dog if it isn't.
It is against the law and punishable by a large fine to falsely represent your pet or companion dog as a service dog. Companion dogs, therapy dogs and emotional support dogs are not service dogs. Although a service dog handler can, if they choose to, call Lyft to tell them they are traveling with their service dog they are not required to.
Tips
If the driver courteously accepts and picks you and your companion up without any issue, don’t forget to give a good tip and leave a positive feedback on their Lyft profile.
Report any drivers who refuses to pick up people with service animals with them.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting a Lyft Ride\\n1-1. Open the Lyft app on your phone.\\nTap the app’s icon from your phone’s home screen to open it.\\n1-2. Request a ride.\\nTap the “Request a Lyft” button from the app’s screen, and the nearest driver will arrive to pick you up.\\nYou’ll also receive some basic information about the driver, including his or her name, the car they’re driving, and their contact number\\n2. Informing the Driver\\n2-1. Call the driver’s number displayed on Lyft.\\nTake your phone and immediately contact the Lyft driver before he or she comes to pick you up.\\n2-2. Inform the driver that you have your pet with you.\\nLet the driver know that you’re with your pet before they arrive so that they know what to expect and make needed adjustments. \\nIf you are a service dog handler traveling with your legitimate service dog (one that performs trained tasks to mitigate your disability) you do not have to call the driver. You may choose to but, by federal law, you are not required to call ahead.\\nDrivers with medical conditions like allergies have logical reasons why they need to decline from giving you a ride. However, the law still protects service dog handlers and their dogs. If a driver must refuse you for medical reasons, they must notify Lyft immediately and Lyft must send another driver to you immediately.\\nLyft abides to the American Disability Act and has a No-Discrimination policy, which covers people who have service animals. Drivers who decline to give a lift to people with service dogs will be banned and removed from the Lyft service.\\n2-3. Take the ride.\\nOnce you’ve properly informed the Lyft driver of your companion, just wait for them to arrive and come pick you up on the designated location.\\n3. Specifics For Service Dogs\\n3-1. Know the law.\\nIn the US, federal law (The Americans with Disabilities Act or ADA) only protects people with legitimate Service Dogs. A Lyft driver is required to transport a service dog handler and their dog and only required to transport a service dog and handler.\\n3-2. Don't pretend your dog is a service dog if it isn't.\\nIt is against the law and punishable by a large fine to falsely represent your pet or companion dog as a service dog. Companion dogs, therapy dogs and emotional support dogs are not service dogs. Although a service dog handler can, if they choose to, call Lyft to tell them they are traveling with their service dog they are not required to.\\nTips\\nIf the driver courteously accepts and picks you and your companion up without any issue, don’t forget to give a good tip and leave a positive feedback on their Lyft profile.\\nReport any drivers who refuses to pick up people with service animals with them.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"For most owners who don’t have their own means of transportation, getting from one place to another with their pets is always a big challenge. Not everyone will let you bring your dog inside their cars or cabs either due to personal hygiene, company policy, or medical conditions. Lyft understands these kinds of problems; that’s why it doesn’t prohibit pet owners from using its service. All you have to do is let your Lyft driver know. However, unless your dog is a legitimate service dog, not a pet or companion, it is still up to the driver's discretion to transport you or not.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting a Lyft Ride\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open the Lyft app on your phone.\", \"描述\": \"Tap the app’s icon from your phone’s home screen to open it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Request a ride.\", \"描述\": \"Tap the “Request a Lyft” button from the app’s screen, and the nearest driver will arrive to pick you up.\\nYou’ll also receive some basic information about the driver, including his or her name, the car they’re driving, and their contact number\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Informing the Driver\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Call the driver’s number displayed on Lyft.\", \"描述\": \"Take your phone and immediately contact the Lyft driver before he or she comes to pick you up.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Inform the driver that you have your pet with you.\", \"描述\": \"Let the driver know that you’re with your pet before they arrive so that they know what to expect and make needed adjustments. \\nIf you are a service dog handler traveling with your legitimate service dog (one that performs trained tasks to mitigate your disability) you do not have to call the driver. You may choose to but, by federal law, you are not required to call ahead.\\nDrivers with medical conditions like allergies have logical reasons why they need to decline from giving you a ride. However, the law still protects service dog handlers and their dogs. If a driver must refuse you for medical reasons, they must notify Lyft immediately and Lyft must send another driver to you immediately.\\nLyft abides to the American Disability Act and has a No-Discrimination policy, which covers people who have service animals. Drivers who decline to give a lift to people with service dogs will be banned and removed from the Lyft service.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take the ride.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve properly informed the Lyft driver of your companion, just wait for them to arrive and come pick you up on the designated location.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Specifics For Service Dogs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Know the law.\", \"描述\": \"In the US, federal law (The Americans with Disabilities Act or ADA) only protects people with legitimate Service Dogs. A Lyft driver is required to transport a service dog handler and their dog and only required to transport a service dog and handler.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Don't pretend your dog is a service dog if it isn't.\", \"描述\": \"It is against the law and punishable by a large fine to falsely represent your pet or companion dog as a service dog. Companion dogs, therapy dogs and emotional support dogs are not service dogs. Although a service dog handler can, if they choose to, call Lyft to tell them they are traveling with their service dog they are not required to.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If the driver courteously accepts and picks you and your companion up without any issue, don’t forget to give a good tip and leave a positive feedback on their Lyft profile.\\n\", \"Report any drivers who refuses to pick up people with service animals with them.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,023 |
How to Bring a Shy Guy out of His Shell
|
1. Building Confidence
1-1. Compliment
Usually, compliments make people feel good and boost their self-esteem. If you notice something about the shy guy or something he is doing that you really like, give him a specific and sincere compliment. This should help him feel better about himself and also get communication going between you two, which will make talking to you a little easier for him.
You might say something like: “I read your blog post last night about history class and it was so funny and well written! I can’t wait to read your next one.”
Be careful not to overdo the effusiveness, which could make you seem fake.
1-2. Watch him in his element.
If he plays soccer, go and watch him score a goal. If he plays the violin, attend his orchestra concert. When a shy guy is "in the zone," he will probably be happy to see you witness his strengths. He might not yet feel like he can be bold or straightforward around you, but he may feel empowered by seeing you in an environment where he’s successful and confident.
1-3. Chat via cell phone or social media.
He might feel too intimidated and pressured to say the right thing face-to-face. He might feel more confident talking to you behind the safety of a phone or computer screen. Conversations online and through text message move a little slower, which will give him time to compose his thoughts and encourage him to open up.
1-4. Ask him for help.
Men often feel more strong and masculine when they have the opportunity to help others. Ask him to fix your computer, your car, your bike, or anything else you think he might know how to fix. Helping you out will make him feel good, and he may even be more talkative in this kind of setting, so don’t hesitate to ask questions about the steps he’s taking to make the repair.
Not all guys know how to fix things. Make sure that he’s knowledgeable about what you’re asking of him or else your plan may backfire and he might up feeling embarrassed.
2. Showing Interest
2-1. Ask open-ended questions.
These kinds of questions can help a shy guy open up and talk about himself and can also lead to him feeling known, liked and comfortable with you. Avoid asking questions that can be answered with a quick “yes” or “no” because these may create awkward pauses and make the conversation feel forced. Good examples of open-ended questions include:
"How did you get interested in carpentry?"
"What brought you to live in San Francisco?"
2-2. Ask about his interests.
When you ask about all of his favorite things, such as sports, movies, books, and more, you’re showing him that you’re interested in getting to know him better. Once you’ve talked a bit about each other's likes and dislikes, you’ll most likely find some commonalities that you can discuss further and bond over.
Make sure to show interest in him and not just his role or activities. Hobbies and interests are good, neutral places to start, but when you're both ready, be sure to look deeper.
2-3. Be direct.
If you hang out together, make sure to tell him you’d like to see him again when you part ways. Verbal clarity will make him more sure of your feelings and desires, which will ease his uncertainty and draw him out of his shell. Also, pay attention to his reactions when you say things that directly communicate your interest in him. If he smiles or agrees enthusiastically, you can assume that he may be interested in you too.
2-4. Make subtle physical contact if you like him.
Making physical contact releases oxytocin, the bonding hormone, so initiating touch may quickly start making him feel liked and close to you. Touching him breaks through a kind of barrier that may lead him to feel less nervous or unsure about holding your hand or putting his arm around you later on.
Ask permission first, and make sure he's open to that sort of attention and affection.
Try lightly and briefly touching the outside of his arm to communicate assurance while you’re having a conversation with him.
If you aren’t interested in him romantically, be cautious with physical contact. Giving him frequent hugs, for example, may seem friendly to you but he may interpret it as a romantic gesture.
2-5. Say his name often.
People love to hear others say their own name because it brings a personal touch to an otherwise general situation or conversation. Not only will saying his name strengthen the bond between you and the shy guy, but it will also quicken the bonding process. You can also give him an endearing nickname to make him feel especially liked and noticed.
If you give him a nickname, make sure that it’s positive and that he’s comfortable with being called that name.
3. Accepting Shyness
3-1. Adjust your expectations of change.
The shy guy may not want to come out of his shell, and he may not share the same ideas of personal transformation that you do. Bringing a guy out of his shell is not an overnight process, but takes time. It’s not always as simple as being super kind or asking the right questions. You may need to help him build additional social skills, depending on his personal situation and experiences.
It is best to consider that not only is this an investment on your part, but the shy guy must also put in a fair amount of invested work on their own as well.
The most you can realistically hope for is that you can slowly chip away the shell that the shy guy has encased himself in. Be understanding and practice patience and acceptance.
3-2. Initiate and arrange plans.
Shy guys often have a hard time reaching out to make plans because it makes them feel pressure and puts them in a vulnerable position. Save him the stress and just make the plans yourself. Try to cater to his comfortability by suggesting interaction that’s less communicative early on, such as going to see a movie together.
3-3. Be patient with him.
He's not going to open up to you overnight, so don’t get frustrated if progress seems slow. Rushing may only intimidate him, so as your relationship grows, suggest the next move, but try to keep things at his pace. Building trust and comfort takes time. If you really want to show that you care for him, make it clear that you’re okay with that.
He may seem awkward around you at first. Be persistent and compassionate.
3-4. Make the first move if you’re interested in him romantically.
Don’t let your pride get in the way of making the first move. Especially if he’s really interested in you, it may come as a great relief to a guy who's a bit reserved if you ask him out or tell him you have feelings for him first. He may have really wanted to tell you, but his shyness just kept him from putting himself in a such a vulnerable position.
Tips
Cut him some slack if he seems overwhelmed by your attention. Give him space and come back later.
Smile at him a lot to communicate warmth and interest, but not so much that it creeps him out.
It’s best to start as a friend, because then you two will know each other before romance is a part of the equation.
Warnings
If you’ve tried boosting his interest, showing that you like him, and accepting his shyness and he still isn’t opening up, he may not be interested in you romantically. Do your best to move on.
What looks like a mere shyness actually may often be a more serious disorder such as autism.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Building Confidence\\n1-1. Compliment\\nUsually, compliments make people feel good and boost their self-esteem. If you notice something about the shy guy or something he is doing that you really like, give him a specific and sincere compliment. This should help him feel better about himself and also get communication going between you two, which will make talking to you a little easier for him.\\nYou might say something like: “I read your blog post last night about history class and it was so funny and well written! I can’t wait to read your next one.”\\nBe careful not to overdo the effusiveness, which could make you seem fake.\\n1-2. Watch him in his element.\\nIf he plays soccer, go and watch him score a goal. If he plays the violin, attend his orchestra concert. When a shy guy is \\\"in the zone,\\\" he will probably be happy to see you witness his strengths. He might not yet feel like he can be bold or straightforward around you, but he may feel empowered by seeing you in an environment where he’s successful and confident.\\n1-3. Chat via cell phone or social media.\\nHe might feel too intimidated and pressured to say the right thing face-to-face. He might feel more confident talking to you behind the safety of a phone or computer screen. Conversations online and through text message move a little slower, which will give him time to compose his thoughts and encourage him to open up.\\n1-4. Ask him for help.\\nMen often feel more strong and masculine when they have the opportunity to help others. Ask him to fix your computer, your car, your bike, or anything else you think he might know how to fix. Helping you out will make him feel good, and he may even be more talkative in this kind of setting, so don’t hesitate to ask questions about the steps he’s taking to make the repair.\\nNot all guys know how to fix things. Make sure that he’s knowledgeable about what you’re asking of him or else your plan may backfire and he might up feeling embarrassed.\\n2. Showing Interest\\n2-1. Ask open-ended questions.\\nThese kinds of questions can help a shy guy open up and talk about himself and can also lead to him feeling known, liked and comfortable with you. Avoid asking questions that can be answered with a quick “yes” or “no” because these may create awkward pauses and make the conversation feel forced. Good examples of open-ended questions include:\\n\\\"How did you get interested in carpentry?\\\"\\n\\\"What brought you to live in San Francisco?\\\"\\n2-2. Ask about his interests.\\nWhen you ask about all of his favorite things, such as sports, movies, books, and more, you’re showing him that you’re interested in getting to know him better. Once you’ve talked a bit about each other's likes and dislikes, you’ll most likely find some commonalities that you can discuss further and bond over.\\nMake sure to show interest in him and not just his role or activities. Hobbies and interests are good, neutral places to start, but when you're both ready, be sure to look deeper.\\n2-3. Be direct.\\nIf you hang out together, make sure to tell him you’d like to see him again when you part ways. Verbal clarity will make him more sure of your feelings and desires, which will ease his uncertainty and draw him out of his shell. Also, pay attention to his reactions when you say things that directly communicate your interest in him. If he smiles or agrees enthusiastically, you can assume that he may be interested in you too.\\n2-4. Make subtle physical contact if you like him.\\nMaking physical contact releases oxytocin, the bonding hormone, so initiating touch may quickly start making him feel liked and close to you. Touching him breaks through a kind of barrier that may lead him to feel less nervous or unsure about holding your hand or putting his arm around you later on.\\nAsk permission first, and make sure he's open to that sort of attention and affection.\\nTry lightly and briefly touching the outside of his arm to communicate assurance while you’re having a conversation with him.\\nIf you aren’t interested in him romantically, be cautious with physical contact. Giving him frequent hugs, for example, may seem friendly to you but he may interpret it as a romantic gesture.\\n2-5. Say his name often.\\nPeople love to hear others say their own name because it brings a personal touch to an otherwise general situation or conversation. Not only will saying his name strengthen the bond between you and the shy guy, but it will also quicken the bonding process. You can also give him an endearing nickname to make him feel especially liked and noticed.\\nIf you give him a nickname, make sure that it’s positive and that he’s comfortable with being called that name.\\n3. Accepting Shyness\\n3-1. Adjust your expectations of change.\\nThe shy guy may not want to come out of his shell, and he may not share the same ideas of personal transformation that you do. Bringing a guy out of his shell is not an overnight process, but takes time. It’s not always as simple as being super kind or asking the right questions. You may need to help him build additional social skills, depending on his personal situation and experiences.\\nIt is best to consider that not only is this an investment on your part, but the shy guy must also put in a fair amount of invested work on their own as well.\\nThe most you can realistically hope for is that you can slowly chip away the shell that the shy guy has encased himself in. Be understanding and practice patience and acceptance.\\n3-2. Initiate and arrange plans.\\nShy guys often have a hard time reaching out to make plans because it makes them feel pressure and puts them in a vulnerable position. Save him the stress and just make the plans yourself. Try to cater to his comfortability by suggesting interaction that’s less communicative early on, such as going to see a movie together.\\n3-3. Be patient with him.\\nHe's not going to open up to you overnight, so don’t get frustrated if progress seems slow. Rushing may only intimidate him, so as your relationship grows, suggest the next move, but try to keep things at his pace. Building trust and comfort takes time. If you really want to show that you care for him, make it clear that you’re okay with that.\\nHe may seem awkward around you at first. Be persistent and compassionate.\\n3-4. Make the first move if you’re interested in him romantically.\\nDon’t let your pride get in the way of making the first move. Especially if he’s really interested in you, it may come as a great relief to a guy who's a bit reserved if you ask him out or tell him you have feelings for him first. He may have really wanted to tell you, but his shyness just kept him from putting himself in a such a vulnerable position.\\nTips\\nCut him some slack if he seems overwhelmed by your attention. Give him space and come back later.\\nSmile at him a lot to communicate warmth and interest, but not so much that it creeps him out.\\nIt’s best to start as a friend, because then you two will know each other before romance is a part of the equation.\\nWarnings\\nIf you’ve tried boosting his interest, showing that you like him, and accepting his shyness and he still isn’t opening up, he may not be interested in you romantically. Do your best to move on.\\nWhat looks like a mere shyness actually may often be a more serious disorder such as autism.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"It can be a little tricky to bring a shy guy out of his shell, especially if you're outgoing and don't know where he's coming from. Consider the factors that may be contributing to his shyness, and make sure that he wants to open up more—and that he wants your help to do so. If so, boost his confidence and make it clear that you like and accept him for who he is.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Building Confidence\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Compliment\", \"描述\": \"Usually, compliments make people feel good and boost their self-esteem. If you notice something about the shy guy or something he is doing that you really like, give him a specific and sincere compliment. This should help him feel better about himself and also get communication going between you two, which will make talking to you a little easier for him.\\nYou might say something like: “I read your blog post last night about history class and it was so funny and well written! I can’t wait to read your next one.”\\nBe careful not to overdo the effusiveness, which could make you seem fake.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Watch him in his element.\", \"描述\": \"If he plays soccer, go and watch him score a goal. If he plays the violin, attend his orchestra concert. When a shy guy is \\\"in the zone,\\\" he will probably be happy to see you witness his strengths. He might not yet feel like he can be bold or straightforward around you, but he may feel empowered by seeing you in an environment where he’s successful and confident.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Chat via cell phone or social media.\", \"描述\": \"He might feel too intimidated and pressured to say the right thing face-to-face. He might feel more confident talking to you behind the safety of a phone or computer screen. Conversations online and through text message move a little slower, which will give him time to compose his thoughts and encourage him to open up.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Ask him for help.\", \"描述\": \"Men often feel more strong and masculine when they have the opportunity to help others. Ask him to fix your computer, your car, your bike, or anything else you think he might know how to fix. Helping you out will make him feel good, and he may even be more talkative in this kind of setting, so don’t hesitate to ask questions about the steps he’s taking to make the repair.\\nNot all guys know how to fix things. Make sure that he’s knowledgeable about what you’re asking of him or else your plan may backfire and he might up feeling embarrassed.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Showing Interest\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ask open-ended questions.\", \"描述\": \"These kinds of questions can help a shy guy open up and talk about himself and can also lead to him feeling known, liked and comfortable with you. Avoid asking questions that can be answered with a quick “yes” or “no” because these may create awkward pauses and make the conversation feel forced. Good examples of open-ended questions include:\\n\\\"How did you get interested in carpentry?\\\"\\n\\\"What brought you to live in San Francisco?\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask about his interests.\", \"描述\": \"When you ask about all of his favorite things, such as sports, movies, books, and more, you’re showing him that you’re interested in getting to know him better. Once you’ve talked a bit about each other's likes and dislikes, you’ll most likely find some commonalities that you can discuss further and bond over.\\nMake sure to show interest in him and not just his role or activities. Hobbies and interests are good, neutral places to start, but when you're both ready, be sure to look deeper.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be direct.\", \"描述\": \"If you hang out together, make sure to tell him you’d like to see him again when you part ways. Verbal clarity will make him more sure of your feelings and desires, which will ease his uncertainty and draw him out of his shell. Also, pay attention to his reactions when you say things that directly communicate your interest in him. If he smiles or agrees enthusiastically, you can assume that he may be interested in you too.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make subtle physical contact if you like him.\", \"描述\": \"Making physical contact releases oxytocin, the bonding hormone, so initiating touch may quickly start making him feel liked and close to you. Touching him breaks through a kind of barrier that may lead him to feel less nervous or unsure about holding your hand or putting his arm around you later on.\\nAsk permission first, and make sure he's open to that sort of attention and affection.\\nTry lightly and briefly touching the outside of his arm to communicate assurance while you’re having a conversation with him.\\nIf you aren’t interested in him romantically, be cautious with physical contact. Giving him frequent hugs, for example, may seem friendly to you but he may interpret it as a romantic gesture.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Say his name often.\", \"描述\": \"People love to hear others say their own name because it brings a personal touch to an otherwise general situation or conversation. Not only will saying his name strengthen the bond between you and the shy guy, but it will also quicken the bonding process. You can also give him an endearing nickname to make him feel especially liked and noticed.\\nIf you give him a nickname, make sure that it’s positive and that he’s comfortable with being called that name.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Accepting Shyness\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Adjust your expectations of change.\", \"描述\": \"The shy guy may not want to come out of his shell, and he may not share the same ideas of personal transformation that you do. Bringing a guy out of his shell is not an overnight process, but takes time. It’s not always as simple as being super kind or asking the right questions. You may need to help him build additional social skills, depending on his personal situation and experiences.\\nIt is best to consider that not only is this an investment on your part, but the shy guy must also put in a fair amount of invested work on their own as well.\\nThe most you can realistically hope for is that you can slowly chip away the shell that the shy guy has encased himself in. Be understanding and practice patience and acceptance.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Initiate and arrange plans.\", \"描述\": \"Shy guys often have a hard time reaching out to make plans because it makes them feel pressure and puts them in a vulnerable position. Save him the stress and just make the plans yourself. Try to cater to his comfortability by suggesting interaction that’s less communicative early on, such as going to see a movie together.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be patient with him.\", \"描述\": \"He's not going to open up to you overnight, so don’t get frustrated if progress seems slow. Rushing may only intimidate him, so as your relationship grows, suggest the next move, but try to keep things at his pace. Building trust and comfort takes time. If you really want to show that you care for him, make it clear that you’re okay with that.\\nHe may seem awkward around you at first. Be persistent and compassionate.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make the first move if you’re interested in him romantically.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t let your pride get in the way of making the first move. Especially if he’s really interested in you, it may come as a great relief to a guy who's a bit reserved if you ask him out or tell him you have feelings for him first. He may have really wanted to tell you, but his shyness just kept him from putting himself in a such a vulnerable position.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Cut him some slack if he seems overwhelmed by your attention. Give him space and come back later.\\n\", \"Smile at him a lot to communicate warmth and interest, but not so much that it creeps him out.\\n\", \"It’s best to start as a friend, because then you two will know each other before romance is a part of the equation.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you’ve tried boosting his interest, showing that you like him, and accepting his shyness and he still isn’t opening up, he may not be interested in you romantically. Do your best to move on.\\n\", \"What looks like a mere shyness actually may often be a more serious disorder such as autism.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,024 |
How to Bring a Weave Back to Life
|
1. Rinsing with Apple Cider Vinegar
1-1. Detangle your weave with a wide-tooth comb.
Gently comb through the hair, starting at the ends and working your way up to the roots at the weft. A wig brush specifically made for extensions and wigs can also help loosen knots.
1-2. Soak it for 20 minutes in 4 parts water and 1 part apple cider vinegar.
For example, if you use 8 cups (1,900 mL) of water, you'll use 2 cups (470 mL) of apple cider vinegar. Then stir in the apple cider vinegar. The vinegar will work to remove any product or grease that has accumulated on the strands.
Apple cider vinegar has a lower pH level than your weave, so soaking the weave in vinegar helps restore pH balance and reseal the hair's cuticles.
Don't worry about the smell! Once you're all done the process, it will be washed out.
If you're leaving your weave on your head, put the apple cider vinegar and water in a spray bottle. Spray it all over your hair and let it sit for 20 minutes.
1-3. Rinse your weave with lukewarm water.
Hold it from the weft and let the water run through it from top to bottom. Avoid scrubbing the hair, as this can cause it to get tangled.
1-4. Lather a clarifying shampoo on your weave, then rinse it.
Clarifying shampoos contain more surfactants (cleaning compounds) than regular shampoo, so they can more effectively strip your hair of buildup from hair products and sprays. Work the shampoo from the roots to the ends and rinse under running water.
You may see clarifying shampoos also called “deep-cleansing” or “purifying.”
If the water turns brown, that's simply the buildup coming out of the weave, which means the shampoo is working.
1-5. Work sulfate-free shampoo through your weave before rinsing it again.
Sulfates can strip your hair of its natural oils, drying it out and making it more prone to breakage. Since the clarifying shampoo can be drying on its own, choosing a less harsh shampoo for the second wash of your weave is important.
1-6. Apply a deep conditioner to the weave.
If you have a weave with waves or curls, look for a moisturizing or detangling conditioner. If your weave is straight, you're better off using a more lightweight conditioner that won't weigh the hair down. Work the conditioner throughout your weave, focusing on the ends which tend to be the driest area.
1-7. Place your weave in a resealable bag for 20 to 30 minutes.
Seal the bag tightly. This will trap in moisture and allow for maximum conditioning.
If you're wearing your weave, place a plastic shower cap over your head for the same effect.
Adding heat with a hair dryer can make the conditioner even more effective.
1-8. Rinse your weave with cool water and let it air dry.
Run water through the hair until the conditioner is completely removed. If you're in a hurry, you can blow dry the hair, but it's best to avoid using heat when possible. Just like regular hair, heat products can damage a weave, so air drying is the healthiest option.
If you aren't going to wear the weave immediately, make sure the weave is completely dry before putting it away. Any remaining moisture could lead to mildew.
Use cool water when you rinse, just like you would with your own hair. Cool water seals the cuticle and locks in moisture.
2. Giving Your Weave a Bleach Bath
2-1. Put on latex gloves to protect your hands from the bleach.
Bleach is a super harsh cleaning chemical and can cause painful burns and skin damage if it touches exposed skin. Wearing vinyl or nitrile gloves will also work.
Because of how dangerous bleach is to your skin, you should never use this method while the weave is still attached to your head. You have to remove it if you want to do a bleach bath.
2-2. Mix 16 cups (3,800 mL) of water and ⁄4 cup (59 mL) of Clorox bleach in a basin.
You should only use plain Clorox bleach. Combine the hottest water that you can get from the faucet with the bleach in a basin. Bleach stops the hair cuticles from locking together, preventing tangles.
Be careful when pouring the bleach into the water so that the chemicals don't splash up onto your skin.
Using a basin will keep the bleach separate from the ammonia you'll be using later. If ammonia and bleach touch, they can create a potentially fatal gas.
2-3. Submerge your weave in the sink for no more than 2 minutes.
Swish the hair around to completely saturate the strands, then move quickly to the next step. If you keep your weave in contact with the bleach mixture for longer than 2 minutes, it can greatly damage the hair.
2-4. Detangle your weave with a wide-tooth comb while in the bleach mixture.
Start from the ends of the weave and gradually work your way up to the wefts to reduce shedding. Don't yank knots with the comb. This can rip the strands off the weft, so instead use your fingers to gently loosen the knot before running the comb through it.
Remember: You only have 2 minutes to detangle your hair before it needs to be removed from the bleach.
2-5. Wash your weave with clarifying shampoo, then rinse it with water.
The clarifying shampoo will help get rid of any remaining product or chemicals that are still on the strands. Keep your weave upright (holding it by the weft) while you rinse it so it doesn't get tangled.
2-6. Mix 8 cups (1,900 mL) of water and ⁄4 cup (59 mL) of ammonia in a separate basin.
It is crucial that you put the ammonia in a separate basin from the one you used for bleach, because ! The ammonia acts to neutralize the corrosive bleach chemicals. If your weave is super tangled or ratty, you can double the amount of ammonia to ⁄2 cup (120 mL).
2-7. Dunk your weave in the ammonia mixture for no more than 2 minutes.
Dip the hair in and out of the liquid a few times until it's totally saturated. If you notice any knots or tangles forming, feel free to run your wide-tooth comb through the hair again.
2-8. Rinse your weave thoroughly with warm water.
Keep the base of the weave facing up so that it doesn't flip over while you wash it. If it does, it increases the chances of knotting up.
2-9. Pat your weave with a paper towel before letting it air dry.
Your weave should now be free of tangles! Remove excess water by firmly pressing a paper towel on the hair. Then lay your weave flat to dry naturally.
You can also hang your weave on a hanger while it dries.
If you have a wig head, you can drape your weave over it to dry to the right shape. Attach the weave to the wig head with hair pins to keep it in place.
After washing, ensure that the toupee remains ventilated. Otherwise, the residual moisture and shampoo can easily corrode the wig.
Tips
The hair system should not be combed immediately after washing. It should be combed after the hair system is dry.
Use a wig-specific comb to brush, instead of a generic plastic comb.
The hairpiece should be cleaned and placed on the stand to avoid folding and deformation.
Warnings
Working with bleach can cause severe burns if you have an allergic reaction. Never let bleach come into direct contact with your skin.
If bleach and ammonia mix, they can create a potentially deadly chlorine gas. Always use separate containers for each liquid and dispose of the chemicals down separate drains.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Rinsing with Apple Cider Vinegar\\n1-1. Detangle your weave with a wide-tooth comb.\\nGently comb through the hair, starting at the ends and working your way up to the roots at the weft. A wig brush specifically made for extensions and wigs can also help loosen knots.\\n1-2. Soak it for 20 minutes in 4 parts water and 1 part apple cider vinegar.\\nFor example, if you use 8 cups (1,900 mL) of water, you'll use 2 cups (470 mL) of apple cider vinegar. Then stir in the apple cider vinegar. The vinegar will work to remove any product or grease that has accumulated on the strands.\\nApple cider vinegar has a lower pH level than your weave, so soaking the weave in vinegar helps restore pH balance and reseal the hair's cuticles.\\nDon't worry about the smell! Once you're all done the process, it will be washed out.\\nIf you're leaving your weave on your head, put the apple cider vinegar and water in a spray bottle. Spray it all over your hair and let it sit for 20 minutes.\\n1-3. Rinse your weave with lukewarm water.\\nHold it from the weft and let the water run through it from top to bottom. Avoid scrubbing the hair, as this can cause it to get tangled.\\n1-4. Lather a clarifying shampoo on your weave, then rinse it.\\nClarifying shampoos contain more surfactants (cleaning compounds) than regular shampoo, so they can more effectively strip your hair of buildup from hair products and sprays. Work the shampoo from the roots to the ends and rinse under running water.\\nYou may see clarifying shampoos also called “deep-cleansing” or “purifying.”\\nIf the water turns brown, that's simply the buildup coming out of the weave, which means the shampoo is working.\\n1-5. Work sulfate-free shampoo through your weave before rinsing it again.\\nSulfates can strip your hair of its natural oils, drying it out and making it more prone to breakage. Since the clarifying shampoo can be drying on its own, choosing a less harsh shampoo for the second wash of your weave is important.\\n1-6. Apply a deep conditioner to the weave.\\nIf you have a weave with waves or curls, look for a moisturizing or detangling conditioner. If your weave is straight, you're better off using a more lightweight conditioner that won't weigh the hair down. Work the conditioner throughout your weave, focusing on the ends which tend to be the driest area.\\n1-7. Place your weave in a resealable bag for 20 to 30 minutes.\\nSeal the bag tightly. This will trap in moisture and allow for maximum conditioning.\\nIf you're wearing your weave, place a plastic shower cap over your head for the same effect.\\nAdding heat with a hair dryer can make the conditioner even more effective.\\n1-8. Rinse your weave with cool water and let it air dry.\\nRun water through the hair until the conditioner is completely removed. If you're in a hurry, you can blow dry the hair, but it's best to avoid using heat when possible. Just like regular hair, heat products can damage a weave, so air drying is the healthiest option.\\nIf you aren't going to wear the weave immediately, make sure the weave is completely dry before putting it away. Any remaining moisture could lead to mildew.\\nUse cool water when you rinse, just like you would with your own hair. Cool water seals the cuticle and locks in moisture.\\n2. Giving Your Weave a Bleach Bath\\n2-1. Put on latex gloves to protect your hands from the bleach.\\nBleach is a super harsh cleaning chemical and can cause painful burns and skin damage if it touches exposed skin. Wearing vinyl or nitrile gloves will also work.\\nBecause of how dangerous bleach is to your skin, you should never use this method while the weave is still attached to your head. You have to remove it if you want to do a bleach bath.\\n2-2. Mix 16 cups (3,800 mL) of water and ⁄4 cup (59 mL) of Clorox bleach in a basin.\\nYou should only use plain Clorox bleach. Combine the hottest water that you can get from the faucet with the bleach in a basin. Bleach stops the hair cuticles from locking together, preventing tangles.\\nBe careful when pouring the bleach into the water so that the chemicals don't splash up onto your skin.\\nUsing a basin will keep the bleach separate from the ammonia you'll be using later. If ammonia and bleach touch, they can create a potentially fatal gas.\\n2-3. Submerge your weave in the sink for no more than 2 minutes.\\nSwish the hair around to completely saturate the strands, then move quickly to the next step. If you keep your weave in contact with the bleach mixture for longer than 2 minutes, it can greatly damage the hair.\\n2-4. Detangle your weave with a wide-tooth comb while in the bleach mixture.\\nStart from the ends of the weave and gradually work your way up to the wefts to reduce shedding. Don't yank knots with the comb. This can rip the strands off the weft, so instead use your fingers to gently loosen the knot before running the comb through it.\\nRemember: You only have 2 minutes to detangle your hair before it needs to be removed from the bleach.\\n2-5. Wash your weave with clarifying shampoo, then rinse it with water.\\nThe clarifying shampoo will help get rid of any remaining product or chemicals that are still on the strands. Keep your weave upright (holding it by the weft) while you rinse it so it doesn't get tangled.\\n2-6. Mix 8 cups (1,900 mL) of water and ⁄4 cup (59 mL) of ammonia in a separate basin.\\nIt is crucial that you put the ammonia in a separate basin from the one you used for bleach, because ! The ammonia acts to neutralize the corrosive bleach chemicals. If your weave is super tangled or ratty, you can double the amount of ammonia to ⁄2 cup (120 mL).\\n2-7. Dunk your weave in the ammonia mixture for no more than 2 minutes.\\nDip the hair in and out of the liquid a few times until it's totally saturated. If you notice any knots or tangles forming, feel free to run your wide-tooth comb through the hair again.\\n2-8. Rinse your weave thoroughly with warm water.\\nKeep the base of the weave facing up so that it doesn't flip over while you wash it. If it does, it increases the chances of knotting up.\\n2-9. Pat your weave with a paper towel before letting it air dry.\\nYour weave should now be free of tangles! Remove excess water by firmly pressing a paper towel on the hair. Then lay your weave flat to dry naturally.\\nYou can also hang your weave on a hanger while it dries.\\nIf you have a wig head, you can drape your weave over it to dry to the right shape. Attach the weave to the wig head with hair pins to keep it in place.\\nAfter washing, ensure that the toupee remains ventilated. Otherwise, the residual moisture and shampoo can easily corrode the wig.\\nTips\\nThe hair system should not be combed immediately after washing. It should be combed after the hair system is dry.\\nUse a wig-specific comb to brush, instead of a generic plastic comb.\\nThe hairpiece should be cleaned and placed on the stand to avoid folding and deformation.\\nWarnings\\nWorking with bleach can cause severe burns if you have an allergic reaction. Never let bleach come into direct contact with your skin.\\nIf bleach and ammonia mix, they can create a potentially deadly chlorine gas. Always use separate containers for each liquid and dispose of the chemicals down separate drains.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A quality weave can make every day a good hair day. But, just like regular hair, weaves have to be taken care of, or else you'll end up with a tangled, stringy mess. If yours is already to that point (oops!), you don't necessarily have to completely replace it. You can restore your weave to its original silky smooth strands at home with products you already have. Whether your weave is made of human hair or synthetic hair, you can use apple cider vinegar to fix less severe damage and you can use plain Clorox bleach if your weave needs some extra TLC.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Rinsing with Apple Cider Vinegar\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Detangle your weave with a wide-tooth comb.\", \"描述\": \"Gently comb through the hair, starting at the ends and working your way up to the roots at the weft. A wig brush specifically made for extensions and wigs can also help loosen knots.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Soak it for 20 minutes in 4 parts water and 1 part apple cider vinegar.\", \"描述\": \"For example, if you use 8 cups (1,900 mL) of water, you'll use 2 cups (470 mL) of apple cider vinegar. Then stir in the apple cider vinegar. The vinegar will work to remove any product or grease that has accumulated on the strands.\\nApple cider vinegar has a lower pH level than your weave, so soaking the weave in vinegar helps restore pH balance and reseal the hair's cuticles.\\nDon't worry about the smell! Once you're all done the process, it will be washed out.\\nIf you're leaving your weave on your head, put the apple cider vinegar and water in a spray bottle. Spray it all over your hair and let it sit for 20 minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Rinse your weave with lukewarm water.\", \"描述\": \"Hold it from the weft and let the water run through it from top to bottom. Avoid scrubbing the hair, as this can cause it to get tangled.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Lather a clarifying shampoo on your weave, then rinse it.\", \"描述\": \"Clarifying shampoos contain more surfactants (cleaning compounds) than regular shampoo, so they can more effectively strip your hair of buildup from hair products and sprays. Work the shampoo from the roots to the ends and rinse under running water.\\nYou may see clarifying shampoos also called “deep-cleansing” or “purifying.”\\nIf the water turns brown, that's simply the buildup coming out of the weave, which means the shampoo is working.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Work sulfate-free shampoo through your weave before rinsing it again.\", \"描述\": \"Sulfates can strip your hair of its natural oils, drying it out and making it more prone to breakage. Since the clarifying shampoo can be drying on its own, choosing a less harsh shampoo for the second wash of your weave is important.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Apply a deep conditioner to the weave.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a weave with waves or curls, look for a moisturizing or detangling conditioner. If your weave is straight, you're better off using a more lightweight conditioner that won't weigh the hair down. Work the conditioner throughout your weave, focusing on the ends which tend to be the driest area.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Place your weave in a resealable bag for 20 to 30 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Seal the bag tightly. This will trap in moisture and allow for maximum conditioning.\\nIf you're wearing your weave, place a plastic shower cap over your head for the same effect.\\nAdding heat with a hair dryer can make the conditioner even more effective.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Rinse your weave with cool water and let it air dry.\", \"描述\": \"Run water through the hair until the conditioner is completely removed. If you're in a hurry, you can blow dry the hair, but it's best to avoid using heat when possible. Just like regular hair, heat products can damage a weave, so air drying is the healthiest option.\\nIf you aren't going to wear the weave immediately, make sure the weave is completely dry before putting it away. Any remaining moisture could lead to mildew.\\nUse cool water when you rinse, just like you would with your own hair. Cool water seals the cuticle and locks in moisture.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Giving Your Weave a Bleach Bath\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Put on latex gloves to protect your hands from the bleach.\", \"描述\": \"Bleach is a super harsh cleaning chemical and can cause painful burns and skin damage if it touches exposed skin. Wearing vinyl or nitrile gloves will also work.\\nBecause of how dangerous bleach is to your skin, you should never use this method while the weave is still attached to your head. You have to remove it if you want to do a bleach bath.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Mix 16 cups (3,800 mL) of water and ⁄4 cup (59 mL) of Clorox bleach in a basin.\", \"描述\": \"You should only use plain Clorox bleach. Combine the hottest water that you can get from the faucet with the bleach in a basin. Bleach stops the hair cuticles from locking together, preventing tangles.\\nBe careful when pouring the bleach into the water so that the chemicals don't splash up onto your skin.\\nUsing a basin will keep the bleach separate from the ammonia you'll be using later. If ammonia and bleach touch, they can create a potentially fatal gas.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Submerge your weave in the sink for no more than 2 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Swish the hair around to completely saturate the strands, then move quickly to the next step. If you keep your weave in contact with the bleach mixture for longer than 2 minutes, it can greatly damage the hair.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Detangle your weave with a wide-tooth comb while in the bleach mixture.\", \"描述\": \"Start from the ends of the weave and gradually work your way up to the wefts to reduce shedding. Don't yank knots with the comb. This can rip the strands off the weft, so instead use your fingers to gently loosen the knot before running the comb through it.\\nRemember: You only have 2 minutes to detangle your hair before it needs to be removed from the bleach.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wash your weave with clarifying shampoo, then rinse it with water.\", \"描述\": \"The clarifying shampoo will help get rid of any remaining product or chemicals that are still on the strands. Keep your weave upright (holding it by the weft) while you rinse it so it doesn't get tangled.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Mix 8 cups (1,900 mL) of water and ⁄4 cup (59 mL) of ammonia in a separate basin.\", \"描述\": \"It is crucial that you put the ammonia in a separate basin from the one you used for bleach, because ! The ammonia acts to neutralize the corrosive bleach chemicals. If your weave is super tangled or ratty, you can double the amount of ammonia to ⁄2 cup (120 mL).\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Dunk your weave in the ammonia mixture for no more than 2 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Dip the hair in and out of the liquid a few times until it's totally saturated. If you notice any knots or tangles forming, feel free to run your wide-tooth comb through the hair again.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Rinse your weave thoroughly with warm water.\", \"描述\": \"Keep the base of the weave facing up so that it doesn't flip over while you wash it. If it does, it increases the chances of knotting up.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Pat your weave with a paper towel before letting it air dry.\", \"描述\": \"Your weave should now be free of tangles! Remove excess water by firmly pressing a paper towel on the hair. Then lay your weave flat to dry naturally.\\nYou can also hang your weave on a hanger while it dries.\\nIf you have a wig head, you can drape your weave over it to dry to the right shape. Attach the weave to the wig head with hair pins to keep it in place.\\nAfter washing, ensure that the toupee remains ventilated. Otherwise, the residual moisture and shampoo can easily corrode the wig.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The hair system should not be combed immediately after washing. It should be combed after the hair system is dry.\\n\", \"Use a wig-specific comb to brush, instead of a generic plastic comb.\\n\", \"The hairpiece should be cleaned and placed on the stand to avoid folding and deformation.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Working with bleach can cause severe burns if you have an allergic reaction. Never let bleach come into direct contact with your skin.\\n\", \"If bleach and ammonia mix, they can create a potentially deadly chlorine gas. Always use separate containers for each liquid and dispose of the chemicals down separate drains.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,025 |
How to Bring an Off Screen Window Back on Windows
|
1. Pressing Keys
1-1. Select the off-screen program from your Taskbar.
If the program is running, you'll find it in your Taskbar, which runs along the bottom of your screen.
If the program is constantly running like Discord or NIVIDIA Settings, you'll find that under "Show hidden icons" in your system tray, which is where the clock is. You'll see a icon that you need to click).
This is a popular solution to fixing this issue in Windows 11 and 10.
1-2. Press and hold the Win key.
The Windows key looks like the Windows logo on your keyboard.
1-3. Press ↑+↓+←+→ keys to move the window back into view.
It will most likely snap to one of those sides, so you'll want to make it full-screen if you don't want to use it in Split Screen.
2. Cascading or Stacking All Windows
2-1. Right-click the Windows taskbar.
This is the bar that’s usually at the bottom of the screen, which contains various icons and the Windows button. A menu will appear.
This method will not work on Windows 11, as there is no cascade feature.
2-2. Click Cascade windows or Show windows stacked.
Both options will display a list of all open windows on your PC, including those currently off-screen.
2-3. Click the window you want to access.
The contents of that window will appear.
2-4. Hold ⇧ Shift as you right-click the active app on the task bar.
The task bar is the bar that runs along the bottom of the screen. A pop-up menu will appear.
2-5. Click Move.
This turns the mouse cursor into an arrow that points in 4 directions.
2-6. Use the ↑+↓+←+→ keys to move the window back into view.
As you tap each directional key, the window will move one step in that direction. Keep tapping the arrows until you’ve come to a good stopping point.
3. Using the Alt and Tab Keys
3-1. Press Alt+Tab ↹ and release the Tab ↹ key.
Don’t remove your finger from Alt! You’ll see a list of all open applications on the PC as long as you continue holding Alt.
3-2. Press Tab ↹ until the window you want to access is selected.
You should still be holding down the Alt key. You’ll know the window is selected when you see a different colored outline around its edges.
3-3. Lift both fingers to move to that window.
The contents of the window now appear on the screen.
3-4. Hold ⇧ Shift as you right-click the active app on the task bar.
The task bar is the bar that runs along the bottom of the screen. A pop-up menu will appear.
3-5. Click Move.
This turns the mouse cursor into an arrow that points in 4 directions.
3-6. Use the ↑+↓+←+→ keys to move the window back into view.
As you tap each directional key, the window will move one step in that direction. Keep tapping the arrows until you’ve come to a good stopping point.
4. Changing the Display Resolution
4-1. Open Settings.
You can open Settings by pressing together or by clicking the gear icon in the Start menu.
By lowering the resolution of your display, you'll force any open windows to re-arrange and may bring them back to your main desktop. Once you have the window set in the middle of your screen, you can reset the resolution of your display.
4-2. Click System.
This will open the System Settings page.
4-3. Click Display.
You'll see it in the panel on the left side of the window.
4-4. Click the drop-down under "Display Resolution" and choose a smaller resolution.
In this drop-down, choosing an item lower in the list than the highlighted one (your current settings) will result in a lower resolution.
Your windows will resize and you can press to activate the missing window and move it where you want it. If you did that in the allotted time (about 15 seconds), you can click . If the time limit has passed, go back to and change it back to the recommended setting.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:49",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Pressing Keys\\n1-1. Select the off-screen program from your Taskbar.\\nIf the program is running, you'll find it in your Taskbar, which runs along the bottom of your screen.\\nIf the program is constantly running like Discord or NIVIDIA Settings, you'll find that under \\\"Show hidden icons\\\" in your system tray, which is where the clock is. You'll see a icon that you need to click).\\nThis is a popular solution to fixing this issue in Windows 11 and 10.\\n1-2. Press and hold the Win key.\\nThe Windows key looks like the Windows logo on your keyboard.\\n1-3. Press ↑+↓+←+→ keys to move the window back into view.\\nIt will most likely snap to one of those sides, so you'll want to make it full-screen if you don't want to use it in Split Screen.\\n2. Cascading or Stacking All Windows\\n2-1. Right-click the Windows taskbar.\\nThis is the bar that’s usually at the bottom of the screen, which contains various icons and the Windows button. A menu will appear.\\nThis method will not work on Windows 11, as there is no cascade feature.\\n2-2. Click Cascade windows or Show windows stacked.\\nBoth options will display a list of all open windows on your PC, including those currently off-screen.\\n2-3. Click the window you want to access.\\nThe contents of that window will appear.\\n2-4. Hold ⇧ Shift as you right-click the active app on the task bar.\\nThe task bar is the bar that runs along the bottom of the screen. A pop-up menu will appear.\\n2-5. Click Move.\\nThis turns the mouse cursor into an arrow that points in 4 directions.\\n2-6. Use the ↑+↓+←+→ keys to move the window back into view.\\nAs you tap each directional key, the window will move one step in that direction. Keep tapping the arrows until you’ve come to a good stopping point.\\n3. Using the Alt and Tab Keys\\n3-1. Press Alt+Tab ↹ and release the Tab ↹ key.\\nDon’t remove your finger from Alt! You’ll see a list of all open applications on the PC as long as you continue holding Alt.\\n3-2. Press Tab ↹ until the window you want to access is selected.\\nYou should still be holding down the Alt key. You’ll know the window is selected when you see a different colored outline around its edges.\\n3-3. Lift both fingers to move to that window.\\nThe contents of the window now appear on the screen.\\n3-4. Hold ⇧ Shift as you right-click the active app on the task bar.\\nThe task bar is the bar that runs along the bottom of the screen. A pop-up menu will appear.\\n3-5. Click Move.\\nThis turns the mouse cursor into an arrow that points in 4 directions.\\n3-6. Use the ↑+↓+←+→ keys to move the window back into view.\\nAs you tap each directional key, the window will move one step in that direction. Keep tapping the arrows until you’ve come to a good stopping point.\\n4. Changing the Display Resolution\\n4-1. Open Settings.\\nYou can open Settings by pressing together or by clicking the gear icon in the Start menu.\\nBy lowering the resolution of your display, you'll force any open windows to re-arrange and may bring them back to your main desktop. Once you have the window set in the middle of your screen, you can reset the resolution of your display.\\n4-2. Click System.\\nThis will open the System Settings page.\\n4-3. Click Display.\\nYou'll see it in the panel on the left side of the window.\\n4-4. Click the drop-down under \\\"Display Resolution\\\" and choose a smaller resolution.\\nIn this drop-down, choosing an item lower in the list than the highlighted one (your current settings) will result in a lower resolution.\\nYour windows will resize and you can press to activate the missing window and move it where you want it. If you did that in the allotted time (about 15 seconds), you can click . If the time limit has passed, go back to and change it back to the recommended setting.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Is one of your programs or windows off-screen? This is usually a common problem for computers that have external monitors attached, but you can have the wrong setting on that causes some windows to open out-of-sight. This wikiHow article teaches you how to move an off-screen window back to the main desktop when you're using a Windows PC.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pressing Keys\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Select the off-screen program from your Taskbar.\", \"描述\": \"If the program is running, you'll find it in your Taskbar, which runs along the bottom of your screen.\\nIf the program is constantly running like Discord or NIVIDIA Settings, you'll find that under \\\"Show hidden icons\\\" in your system tray, which is where the clock is. You'll see a icon that you need to click).\\nThis is a popular solution to fixing this issue in Windows 11 and 10.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Press and hold the Win key.\", \"描述\": \"The Windows key looks like the Windows logo on your keyboard.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Press ↑+↓+←+→ keys to move the window back into view.\", \"描述\": \"It will most likely snap to one of those sides, so you'll want to make it full-screen if you don't want to use it in Split Screen.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cascading or Stacking All Windows\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Right-click the Windows taskbar.\", \"描述\": \"This is the bar that’s usually at the bottom of the screen, which contains various icons and the Windows button. A menu will appear.\\nThis method will not work on Windows 11, as there is no cascade feature.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Click Cascade windows or Show windows stacked.\", \"描述\": \"Both options will display a list of all open windows on your PC, including those currently off-screen.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Click the window you want to access.\", \"描述\": \"The contents of that window will appear.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Hold ⇧ Shift as you right-click the active app on the task bar.\", \"描述\": \"The task bar is the bar that runs along the bottom of the screen. A pop-up menu will appear.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Click Move.\", \"描述\": \"This turns the mouse cursor into an arrow that points in 4 directions.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Use the ↑+↓+←+→ keys to move the window back into view.\", \"描述\": \"As you tap each directional key, the window will move one step in that direction. Keep tapping the arrows until you’ve come to a good stopping point.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using the Alt and Tab Keys\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Press Alt+Tab ↹ and release the Tab ↹ key.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t remove your finger from Alt! You’ll see a list of all open applications on the PC as long as you continue holding Alt.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Press Tab ↹ until the window you want to access is selected.\", \"描述\": \"You should still be holding down the Alt key. You’ll know the window is selected when you see a different colored outline around its edges.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Lift both fingers to move to that window.\", \"描述\": \"The contents of the window now appear on the screen.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Hold ⇧ Shift as you right-click the active app on the task bar.\", \"描述\": \"The task bar is the bar that runs along the bottom of the screen. A pop-up menu will appear.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Click Move.\", \"描述\": \"This turns the mouse cursor into an arrow that points in 4 directions.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Use the ↑+↓+←+→ keys to move the window back into view.\", \"描述\": \"As you tap each directional key, the window will move one step in that direction. Keep tapping the arrows until you’ve come to a good stopping point.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Changing the Display Resolution\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open Settings.\", \"描述\": \"You can open Settings by pressing together or by clicking the gear icon in the Start menu.\\nBy lowering the resolution of your display, you'll force any open windows to re-arrange and may bring them back to your main desktop. Once you have the window set in the middle of your screen, you can reset the resolution of your display.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Click System.\", \"描述\": \"This will open the System Settings page.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Click Display.\", \"描述\": \"You'll see it in the panel on the left side of the window.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Click the drop-down under \\\"Display Resolution\\\" and choose a smaller resolution.\", \"描述\": \"In this drop-down, choosing an item lower in the list than the highlighted one (your current settings) will result in a lower resolution.\\nYour windows will resize and you can press to activate the missing window and move it where you want it. If you did that in the allotted time (about 15 seconds), you can click . If the time limit has passed, go back to and change it back to the recommended setting.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,026 |
How to Bring an Urn or Ashes on a Plane
|
1. Researching Your Options
1-1. Contact the airline directly to see what their policies are.
Different airlines may have different policies regarding transporting a person’s ashes during a flight. You may be able to carry your loved ones’ ashes with you as a carry on, or you may need to check the container with the rest of the checked baggage.
Some airlines require cremated ashes to be transported via the cargo hold.
If you have the option of several flights, call each airline individually and choose the one which suits your needs the best.
1-2. Contact the embassy if you are travelling to another country.
Some countries have no restrictions or requirements for travelling with cremated ashes, while other countries will not allow them to enter the country at all. When you call the consulate or embassy, ask for a full briefing on travel requirements for cremated remains.
Since legislation can change with short notice, and websites are not always updated right away, it’s best to call rather than to rely on information you find online.
1-3. Ask the funeral home for advice if you need additional help.
If for some reason you can’t arrange a flight that will allow you to bring the ashes with you, contact the funeral home that prepared the ashes and ask them to advise you on your next step.
Some countries will only allow ashes to be sent to and from licensed funeral directors. If you’re travelling internationally, you may need the funeral director to handle the travel arrangements.
1-4. Secure written permission if you plan to scatter the ashes.
Before you undertake a trip to scatter your loved one’s ashes, be sure you will be allowed to scatter their ashes in the intended spot. Ask for written permission if the destination is on private property, and be sure you know the restrictions if you plan on scattering the ashes in a national park or other protected area.
In Yosemite National Park, for instance, visitors are allowed to scatter ashes as long as it’s away from the public and at least 100 yards (91 m) away from water.
2. Preparing to Fly
2-1. Choose a container made of plastic or cardboard to carry the ashes.
The container holding the ashes will need to be X-rayed before it can be allowed on a plane. Your container should be made from a material which can be scanned, such as cardboard, cloth, plastic, wood, or transparent glass.
If the permanent container for storing your loved one’s ashes is made of a material that can not be X-rayed, such as lead-based ceramic, stone, or metal, place the ashes in a temporary travel box and bring the permanent container separately.
Most security agents will not open a container that contains ashes, both out of respect for the deceased as well as their own safety, so it’s important that they can verify the contents with the X-ray scan.
The maximum carry-on baggage size for major airlines is 22 × 14 × 9 in (56 × 36 × 23 cm), so be sure your container fits within those measurements.
2-2. Ask the funeral director to place the ashes in a sealed plastic bag.
In order to prevent the ashes from spilling, you should request that they be placed in a plastic bag inside of the travel container.
If you plan to keep the ashes in an urn, you can carefully pour them out of the plastic bag and into the urn once you reach your destination.
2-3. Obtain a certified copy of cremation and a certified death certificate from the funeral home.
You can request these documents directly from the funeral home that prepared the ashes. Although some airlines do not require these in order for you to fly with ashes, others do. Either way, this documentation will make it easier for the airline to verify that you are carrying cremated ashes.
If you’re flying into the United States and your documents are in a different language, you will need to obtain a certified English language translation to accompany the cremation and death certificates.
2-4. Arrive early for your flight in case you experience any difficulty.
You may need to present your certificate of cremation and death certificate at customs before being allowed to fly. If your airline or country allows you to take the urn or ashes in a carry on, it may take you some extra time to get through through the security check.
Tips
Make sure the container you choose has a secure lid. Some airlines may require the lid to be screwed on tightly.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Researching Your Options\\n1-1. Contact the airline directly to see what their policies are.\\nDifferent airlines may have different policies regarding transporting a person’s ashes during a flight. You may be able to carry your loved ones’ ashes with you as a carry on, or you may need to check the container with the rest of the checked baggage.\\nSome airlines require cremated ashes to be transported via the cargo hold.\\nIf you have the option of several flights, call each airline individually and choose the one which suits your needs the best.\\n1-2. Contact the embassy if you are travelling to another country.\\nSome countries have no restrictions or requirements for travelling with cremated ashes, while other countries will not allow them to enter the country at all. When you call the consulate or embassy, ask for a full briefing on travel requirements for cremated remains.\\nSince legislation can change with short notice, and websites are not always updated right away, it’s best to call rather than to rely on information you find online.\\n1-3. Ask the funeral home for advice if you need additional help.\\nIf for some reason you can’t arrange a flight that will allow you to bring the ashes with you, contact the funeral home that prepared the ashes and ask them to advise you on your next step.\\nSome countries will only allow ashes to be sent to and from licensed funeral directors. If you’re travelling internationally, you may need the funeral director to handle the travel arrangements.\\n1-4. Secure written permission if you plan to scatter the ashes.\\nBefore you undertake a trip to scatter your loved one’s ashes, be sure you will be allowed to scatter their ashes in the intended spot. Ask for written permission if the destination is on private property, and be sure you know the restrictions if you plan on scattering the ashes in a national park or other protected area.\\nIn Yosemite National Park, for instance, visitors are allowed to scatter ashes as long as it’s away from the public and at least 100 yards (91 m) away from water.\\n2. Preparing to Fly\\n2-1. Choose a container made of plastic or cardboard to carry the ashes.\\nThe container holding the ashes will need to be X-rayed before it can be allowed on a plane. Your container should be made from a material which can be scanned, such as cardboard, cloth, plastic, wood, or transparent glass.\\nIf the permanent container for storing your loved one’s ashes is made of a material that can not be X-rayed, such as lead-based ceramic, stone, or metal, place the ashes in a temporary travel box and bring the permanent container separately.\\nMost security agents will not open a container that contains ashes, both out of respect for the deceased as well as their own safety, so it’s important that they can verify the contents with the X-ray scan.\\nThe maximum carry-on baggage size for major airlines is 22 × 14 × 9 in (56 × 36 × 23 cm), so be sure your container fits within those measurements.\\n2-2. Ask the funeral director to place the ashes in a sealed plastic bag.\\nIn order to prevent the ashes from spilling, you should request that they be placed in a plastic bag inside of the travel container.\\nIf you plan to keep the ashes in an urn, you can carefully pour them out of the plastic bag and into the urn once you reach your destination.\\n2-3. Obtain a certified copy of cremation and a certified death certificate from the funeral home.\\nYou can request these documents directly from the funeral home that prepared the ashes. Although some airlines do not require these in order for you to fly with ashes, others do. Either way, this documentation will make it easier for the airline to verify that you are carrying cremated ashes.\\nIf you’re flying into the United States and your documents are in a different language, you will need to obtain a certified English language translation to accompany the cremation and death certificates.\\n2-4. Arrive early for your flight in case you experience any difficulty.\\nYou may need to present your certificate of cremation and death certificate at customs before being allowed to fly. If your airline or country allows you to take the urn or ashes in a carry on, it may take you some extra time to get through through the security check.\\nTips\\nMake sure the container you choose has a secure lid. Some airlines may require the lid to be screwed on tightly.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Losing someone close to you can be difficult, but many people find comfort in laying their loved one to rest. If the person who passed away chose to be cremated, you may need to fly with their ashes in order to scatter them or bring them to their new resting place. Luckily, most airlines will allow you to fly with your loved ones’ ashes in a checked bag or carry on, as long as it meets a few basic requirements.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Researching Your Options\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Contact the airline directly to see what their policies are.\", \"描述\": \"Different airlines may have different policies regarding transporting a person’s ashes during a flight. You may be able to carry your loved ones’ ashes with you as a carry on, or you may need to check the container with the rest of the checked baggage.\\nSome airlines require cremated ashes to be transported via the cargo hold.\\nIf you have the option of several flights, call each airline individually and choose the one which suits your needs the best.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Contact the embassy if you are travelling to another country.\", \"描述\": \"Some countries have no restrictions or requirements for travelling with cremated ashes, while other countries will not allow them to enter the country at all. When you call the consulate or embassy, ask for a full briefing on travel requirements for cremated remains.\\nSince legislation can change with short notice, and websites are not always updated right away, it’s best to call rather than to rely on information you find online.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask the funeral home for advice if you need additional help.\", \"描述\": \"If for some reason you can’t arrange a flight that will allow you to bring the ashes with you, contact the funeral home that prepared the ashes and ask them to advise you on your next step.\\nSome countries will only allow ashes to be sent to and from licensed funeral directors. If you’re travelling internationally, you may need the funeral director to handle the travel arrangements.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Secure written permission if you plan to scatter the ashes.\", \"描述\": \"Before you undertake a trip to scatter your loved one’s ashes, be sure you will be allowed to scatter their ashes in the intended spot. Ask for written permission if the destination is on private property, and be sure you know the restrictions if you plan on scattering the ashes in a national park or other protected area.\\nIn Yosemite National Park, for instance, visitors are allowed to scatter ashes as long as it’s away from the public and at least 100 yards (91 m) away from water.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preparing to Fly\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a container made of plastic or cardboard to carry the ashes.\", \"描述\": \"The container holding the ashes will need to be X-rayed before it can be allowed on a plane. Your container should be made from a material which can be scanned, such as cardboard, cloth, plastic, wood, or transparent glass.\\nIf the permanent container for storing your loved one’s ashes is made of a material that can not be X-rayed, such as lead-based ceramic, stone, or metal, place the ashes in a temporary travel box and bring the permanent container separately.\\nMost security agents will not open a container that contains ashes, both out of respect for the deceased as well as their own safety, so it’s important that they can verify the contents with the X-ray scan.\\nThe maximum carry-on baggage size for major airlines is 22 × 14 × 9 in (56 × 36 × 23 cm), so be sure your container fits within those measurements.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Ask the funeral director to place the ashes in a sealed plastic bag.\", \"描述\": \"In order to prevent the ashes from spilling, you should request that they be placed in a plastic bag inside of the travel container.\\nIf you plan to keep the ashes in an urn, you can carefully pour them out of the plastic bag and into the urn once you reach your destination.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtain a certified copy of cremation and a certified death certificate from the funeral home.\", \"描述\": \"You can request these documents directly from the funeral home that prepared the ashes. Although some airlines do not require these in order for you to fly with ashes, others do. Either way, this documentation will make it easier for the airline to verify that you are carrying cremated ashes.\\nIf you’re flying into the United States and your documents are in a different language, you will need to obtain a certified English language translation to accompany the cremation and death certificates.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Arrive early for your flight in case you experience any difficulty.\", \"描述\": \"You may need to present your certificate of cremation and death certificate at customs before being allowed to fly. If your airline or country allows you to take the urn or ashes in a carry on, it may take you some extra time to get through through the security check.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Make sure the container you choose has a secure lid. Some airlines may require the lid to be screwed on tightly.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,027 |
How to Bring out Natural Red and Blond Highlights
|
1. Using Hibiscus Tea for Red Highlights
1-1. Use the tea method to enhance and tone your natural highlights.
This method will make the natural red in your hair look more vibrant, and subtly tone areas where your hair is already lighter.
You shouldn’t use this method if you’re looking to create red streaks in your hair.
1-2. Boil water in a saucepan.
Place a medium sized pot over the stove at high heat. Bring two cups (475 mL) of distilled water to a boil. Then, turn off the burner and remove the pot from the stove.
1-3. Steep your tea.
Add three to five bags of hibiscus tea to your water. Some grocery stores will sell hibiscus tea, but you may also have to check a health food store or buy the tea online. Let the mixture steep for five to 10 minutes. Then, strain the water into a spray bottle.
If you want, you can add a dash of paprika to the water.
The longer you steep the mixture, the stronger it will be.
1-4. Spray your mixture on evenly over your whole head.
Spritz your mixture evenly throughout your hair, or at least over the ends and top, surface layer. This will ensure that the spray picks up all your natural red highlights, no matter where they are.
1-5. Leave the spray on for an hour.
You should let the mixture sit in your hair for at least an hour so your hair color has time to enhance. To contain the mess, you can try putting something like a shower cap or towel over your hair.
You should rinse towels or shower caps after use.
1-6. Rinse your hair.
After an hour, get in the shower and rinse off your hair. Keep rinsing until the water runs clean and all the tea is removed. Once your hair dries, you may notice natural red highlights.
Not all hair will respond to this treatment. You may have to apply the spray more than once to see results.
1-7. Spray every few weeks to maintain the vibrancy.
If you like the effect of the spray, you can reapply it every 2-4 weeks. To intensify the warm tones, reapply a few times a week.
2. Doing a Rinse for Blonde Highlights
2-1. Create your hair-lightening mixture.
Mix two cups (475 mL) of distilled vinegar, one cup (240 mL) of raw, uncooked honey, a tablespoon (15 mL) of extra virgin olive oil, and a tablespoon (15 mL) of ground cinnamon together in a small bowl. Use a spoon to mix everything together until you have an even, smooth mixture.
Make sure you get raw, uncooked honey for this rinse. You may have to make a trip to a health food store, as regular grocery stores may not sell raw honey.
2-2. Dampen your hair.
Take a quick shower to simply wet your hair with clean water. Pat your hair dry with a towel and let it dry off for a few minutes. Your hair should be damp, but not soaking wet, when you apply the mixture.]
If you haven’t washed your hair in the last 24 hours, or if you’ve used styling products, you can shampoo instead of rinsing.
2-3. Apply the mixture to the top layer of your hair.
Separate the bottom section of your hair, tying or clipping it to the side. Then, work the mixture into the top layer of your hair, the same way you would work in shampoo. Make sure the hair is completely saturated.
Highlighting only the top section will give your hair a nice, dimensional effect. You can apply over all of your hair, but it might make your hair look flatter and less natural.
These highlights will be subtle, enhancing the tones that are naturally present.
2-4. Cover your hair.
This mask gets really messy, so it's important your hair stays covered while you leave the mask in place. Wrap the highlights strands in plastic wrap. Then, place a shower cap or swim cap over your hair.
2-5. Let it sit overnight.
Once your hair is covered, you should leave the mask in overnight. The mask needs at least eight hours to work.
Cover your pillow with a towel before bed. Even with your hair covered, the mask may leak slightly.
2-6. Wash your hair in the morning.
Shampoo and condition your hair as you normally would the next morning. As honey is sticky, it may take some extra time to wash the mixture from your hair. Your hair should now have natural blonde highlights.
Use purple shampoo to help brighten up yellow hues in your highlights.
This mask will not work for everyone. Some people may have to apply the mask more than once for success.
3. Enhancing Your Highlights
3-1. Add herbs to bring out red colors.
Herbs like calendula, marigold, and rosehips tend to bring out natural red highlights. Simmer your chosen herbs in water for about 30 minutes. Then, strain the water into a spray bottle and spritz it onto your hair. Let your hair dry in the sun and see if you notice any highlights emerge.
There is no precise amount of herbs and water to use. It depends on the length of your hair. The more herbs you use, the stronger the mixture will be.
3-2. Try yellow herbs to enhance natural blonde highlights.
Herbs that bring out blonde hair include marigold, saffron, and sunflower petals. As with red highlights, simmer the herbs in water for 30 minutes before straining the water into a spray bottle. Then, spritz the mixture on your hair and let it dry in the sun.
3-3. Apply chamomile tea to lighten your hair.
Chamomile tea can often lighten hair. This can bring out natural highlights by drawing more attention to the contrasts in your hair. You simply need to seep three or five chamomile tea bags in two cups (475 mL) of water. Once the mixture has cooled, work the tea into your hair. Let it sit for an hour before rinsing.
3-4. Spritz on lemon juice for blonde highlights.
Squeeze a few fresh lemons over a spray bottle to collect the juice. Spritz the juice onto your hair and then brush your hair to work it in. Let the juice sit on for a few hours before rinsing.
Dry your hair in the sun, if possible, as this will help with the lightening process.
3-5. Use beet or carrot juice to bring out red highlights.
Beet juice works for a reddish tinge while carrot juice produces a more orange-red. Work a cup (240 mL) of juice into your hair. Wrap your hair in plastic wrap and a swim cap. Let the juice sit on for an hour. Rinse out the juice and then spritz some apple cider vinegar into your hair to lock in the color.
Wear gloves and old clothes while you apply, as the juice can easily stain your clothes, scalp, or skin.
Warnings
Soaking your hair in lemon juice will dry it out, so make sure to condition your hair well afterwards.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Hibiscus Tea for Red Highlights\\n1-1. Use the tea method to enhance and tone your natural highlights.\\nThis method will make the natural red in your hair look more vibrant, and subtly tone areas where your hair is already lighter.\\nYou shouldn’t use this method if you’re looking to create red streaks in your hair.\\n1-2. Boil water in a saucepan.\\nPlace a medium sized pot over the stove at high heat. Bring two cups (475 mL) of distilled water to a boil. Then, turn off the burner and remove the pot from the stove.\\n1-3. Steep your tea.\\nAdd three to five bags of hibiscus tea to your water. Some grocery stores will sell hibiscus tea, but you may also have to check a health food store or buy the tea online. Let the mixture steep for five to 10 minutes. Then, strain the water into a spray bottle.\\nIf you want, you can add a dash of paprika to the water.\\nThe longer you steep the mixture, the stronger it will be.\\n1-4. Spray your mixture on evenly over your whole head.\\nSpritz your mixture evenly throughout your hair, or at least over the ends and top, surface layer. This will ensure that the spray picks up all your natural red highlights, no matter where they are.\\n1-5. Leave the spray on for an hour.\\nYou should let the mixture sit in your hair for at least an hour so your hair color has time to enhance. To contain the mess, you can try putting something like a shower cap or towel over your hair.\\nYou should rinse towels or shower caps after use.\\n1-6. Rinse your hair.\\nAfter an hour, get in the shower and rinse off your hair. Keep rinsing until the water runs clean and all the tea is removed. Once your hair dries, you may notice natural red highlights.\\nNot all hair will respond to this treatment. You may have to apply the spray more than once to see results.\\n1-7. Spray every few weeks to maintain the vibrancy.\\nIf you like the effect of the spray, you can reapply it every 2-4 weeks. To intensify the warm tones, reapply a few times a week.\\n2. Doing a Rinse for Blonde Highlights\\n2-1. Create your hair-lightening mixture.\\nMix two cups (475 mL) of distilled vinegar, one cup (240 mL) of raw, uncooked honey, a tablespoon (15 mL) of extra virgin olive oil, and a tablespoon (15 mL) of ground cinnamon together in a small bowl. Use a spoon to mix everything together until you have an even, smooth mixture.\\nMake sure you get raw, uncooked honey for this rinse. You may have to make a trip to a health food store, as regular grocery stores may not sell raw honey.\\n2-2. Dampen your hair.\\nTake a quick shower to simply wet your hair with clean water. Pat your hair dry with a towel and let it dry off for a few minutes. Your hair should be damp, but not soaking wet, when you apply the mixture.]\\nIf you haven’t washed your hair in the last 24 hours, or if you’ve used styling products, you can shampoo instead of rinsing.\\n2-3. Apply the mixture to the top layer of your hair.\\nSeparate the bottom section of your hair, tying or clipping it to the side. Then, work the mixture into the top layer of your hair, the same way you would work in shampoo. Make sure the hair is completely saturated.\\nHighlighting only the top section will give your hair a nice, dimensional effect. You can apply over all of your hair, but it might make your hair look flatter and less natural.\\nThese highlights will be subtle, enhancing the tones that are naturally present.\\n2-4. Cover your hair.\\nThis mask gets really messy, so it's important your hair stays covered while you leave the mask in place. Wrap the highlights strands in plastic wrap. Then, place a shower cap or swim cap over your hair.\\n2-5. Let it sit overnight.\\nOnce your hair is covered, you should leave the mask in overnight. The mask needs at least eight hours to work.\\nCover your pillow with a towel before bed. Even with your hair covered, the mask may leak slightly.\\n2-6. Wash your hair in the morning.\\nShampoo and condition your hair as you normally would the next morning. As honey is sticky, it may take some extra time to wash the mixture from your hair. Your hair should now have natural blonde highlights.\\nUse purple shampoo to help brighten up yellow hues in your highlights.\\nThis mask will not work for everyone. Some people may have to apply the mask more than once for success.\\n3. Enhancing Your Highlights\\n3-1. Add herbs to bring out red colors.\\nHerbs like calendula, marigold, and rosehips tend to bring out natural red highlights. Simmer your chosen herbs in water for about 30 minutes. Then, strain the water into a spray bottle and spritz it onto your hair. Let your hair dry in the sun and see if you notice any highlights emerge.\\nThere is no precise amount of herbs and water to use. It depends on the length of your hair. The more herbs you use, the stronger the mixture will be.\\n3-2. Try yellow herbs to enhance natural blonde highlights.\\nHerbs that bring out blonde hair include marigold, saffron, and sunflower petals. As with red highlights, simmer the herbs in water for 30 minutes before straining the water into a spray bottle. Then, spritz the mixture on your hair and let it dry in the sun.\\n3-3. Apply chamomile tea to lighten your hair.\\nChamomile tea can often lighten hair. This can bring out natural highlights by drawing more attention to the contrasts in your hair. You simply need to seep three or five chamomile tea bags in two cups (475 mL) of water. Once the mixture has cooled, work the tea into your hair. Let it sit for an hour before rinsing.\\n3-4. Spritz on lemon juice for blonde highlights.\\nSqueeze a few fresh lemons over a spray bottle to collect the juice. Spritz the juice onto your hair and then brush your hair to work it in. Let the juice sit on for a few hours before rinsing.\\nDry your hair in the sun, if possible, as this will help with the lightening process.\\n3-5. Use beet or carrot juice to bring out red highlights.\\nBeet juice works for a reddish tinge while carrot juice produces a more orange-red. Work a cup (240 mL) of juice into your hair. Wrap your hair in plastic wrap and a swim cap. Let the juice sit on for an hour. Rinse out the juice and then spritz some apple cider vinegar into your hair to lock in the color.\\nWear gloves and old clothes while you apply, as the juice can easily stain your clothes, scalp, or skin.\\nWarnings\\nSoaking your hair in lemon juice will dry it out, so make sure to condition your hair well afterwards.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Light, natural-looking highlights can add a lot of dimension and life to blonde or red hair, but you don't have to spend a lot of money at the salon to get them. If you already have natural highlights, herbs and tea can enhance their appearance. Hibiscus tea can subtly highlight natural red highlights while a lemon and honey rinse can enhance blonde highlights in a soft, understated way. You can also apply herbs and teas from your kitchen to bring out any natural highlights in your hair.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Hibiscus Tea for Red Highlights\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use the tea method to enhance and tone your natural highlights.\", \"描述\": \"This method will make the natural red in your hair look more vibrant, and subtly tone areas where your hair is already lighter.\\nYou shouldn’t use this method if you’re looking to create red streaks in your hair.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Boil water in a saucepan.\", \"描述\": \"Place a medium sized pot over the stove at high heat. Bring two cups (475 mL) of distilled water to a boil. Then, turn off the burner and remove the pot from the stove.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Steep your tea.\", \"描述\": \"Add three to five bags of hibiscus tea to your water. Some grocery stores will sell hibiscus tea, but you may also have to check a health food store or buy the tea online. Let the mixture steep for five to 10 minutes. Then, strain the water into a spray bottle.\\nIf you want, you can add a dash of paprika to the water.\\nThe longer you steep the mixture, the stronger it will be.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Spray your mixture on evenly over your whole head.\", \"描述\": \"Spritz your mixture evenly throughout your hair, or at least over the ends and top, surface layer. This will ensure that the spray picks up all your natural red highlights, no matter where they are.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Leave the spray on for an hour.\", \"描述\": \"You should let the mixture sit in your hair for at least an hour so your hair color has time to enhance. To contain the mess, you can try putting something like a shower cap or towel over your hair.\\nYou should rinse towels or shower caps after use.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Rinse your hair.\", \"描述\": \"After an hour, get in the shower and rinse off your hair. Keep rinsing until the water runs clean and all the tea is removed. Once your hair dries, you may notice natural red highlights.\\nNot all hair will respond to this treatment. You may have to apply the spray more than once to see results.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Spray every few weeks to maintain the vibrancy.\", \"描述\": \"If you like the effect of the spray, you can reapply it every 2-4 weeks. To intensify the warm tones, reapply a few times a week.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Doing a Rinse for Blonde Highlights\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create your hair-lightening mixture.\", \"描述\": \"Mix two cups (475 mL) of distilled vinegar, one cup (240 mL) of raw, uncooked honey, a tablespoon (15 mL) of extra virgin olive oil, and a tablespoon (15 mL) of ground cinnamon together in a small bowl. Use a spoon to mix everything together until you have an even, smooth mixture.\\nMake sure you get raw, uncooked honey for this rinse. You may have to make a trip to a health food store, as regular grocery stores may not sell raw honey.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Dampen your hair.\", \"描述\": \"Take a quick shower to simply wet your hair with clean water. Pat your hair dry with a towel and let it dry off for a few minutes. Your hair should be damp, but not soaking wet, when you apply the mixture.]\\nIf you haven’t washed your hair in the last 24 hours, or if you’ve used styling products, you can shampoo instead of rinsing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply the mixture to the top layer of your hair.\", \"描述\": \"Separate the bottom section of your hair, tying or clipping it to the side. Then, work the mixture into the top layer of your hair, the same way you would work in shampoo. Make sure the hair is completely saturated.\\nHighlighting only the top section will give your hair a nice, dimensional effect. You can apply over all of your hair, but it might make your hair look flatter and less natural.\\nThese highlights will be subtle, enhancing the tones that are naturally present.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cover your hair.\", \"描述\": \"This mask gets really messy, so it's important your hair stays covered while you leave the mask in place. Wrap the highlights strands in plastic wrap. Then, place a shower cap or swim cap over your hair.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Let it sit overnight.\", \"描述\": \"Once your hair is covered, you should leave the mask in overnight. The mask needs at least eight hours to work.\\nCover your pillow with a towel before bed. Even with your hair covered, the mask may leak slightly.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Wash your hair in the morning.\", \"描述\": \"Shampoo and condition your hair as you normally would the next morning. As honey is sticky, it may take some extra time to wash the mixture from your hair. Your hair should now have natural blonde highlights.\\nUse purple shampoo to help brighten up yellow hues in your highlights.\\nThis mask will not work for everyone. Some people may have to apply the mask more than once for success.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Enhancing Your Highlights\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Add herbs to bring out red colors.\", \"描述\": \"Herbs like calendula, marigold, and rosehips tend to bring out natural red highlights. Simmer your chosen herbs in water for about 30 minutes. Then, strain the water into a spray bottle and spritz it onto your hair. Let your hair dry in the sun and see if you notice any highlights emerge.\\nThere is no precise amount of herbs and water to use. It depends on the length of your hair. The more herbs you use, the stronger the mixture will be.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try yellow herbs to enhance natural blonde highlights.\", \"描述\": \"Herbs that bring out blonde hair include marigold, saffron, and sunflower petals. As with red highlights, simmer the herbs in water for 30 minutes before straining the water into a spray bottle. Then, spritz the mixture on your hair and let it dry in the sun.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply chamomile tea to lighten your hair.\", \"描述\": \"Chamomile tea can often lighten hair. This can bring out natural highlights by drawing more attention to the contrasts in your hair. You simply need to seep three or five chamomile tea bags in two cups (475 mL) of water. Once the mixture has cooled, work the tea into your hair. Let it sit for an hour before rinsing.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Spritz on lemon juice for blonde highlights.\", \"描述\": \"Squeeze a few fresh lemons over a spray bottle to collect the juice. Spritz the juice onto your hair and then brush your hair to work it in. Let the juice sit on for a few hours before rinsing.\\nDry your hair in the sun, if possible, as this will help with the lightening process.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use beet or carrot juice to bring out red highlights.\", \"描述\": \"Beet juice works for a reddish tinge while carrot juice produces a more orange-red. Work a cup (240 mL) of juice into your hair. Wrap your hair in plastic wrap and a swim cap. Let the juice sit on for an hour. Rinse out the juice and then spritz some apple cider vinegar into your hair to lock in the color.\\nWear gloves and old clothes while you apply, as the juice can easily stain your clothes, scalp, or skin.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Soaking your hair in lemon juice will dry it out, so make sure to condition your hair well afterwards.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,028 |
How to Bring out the Color in Your Eyes
|
1. Using Eye Makeup
1-1. Apply pink, purple, silver, or gold for brown eyes.
In particular, pinks, purples, and silvers tend to accentuate the warmth of the brown tones. Gold or bronze shades increase color clarity, and green shades lighten brown eyes. For brown eyes, the possibilities are nearly endless. Since brown is a neutral, nearly every color goes with it.
1-2. Apply violet and plum shades to accentuate green and hazel eyes.
Pink and purple will create the best contrast, since red is the contrasting color to green, and the purple will accentuate any gold strands in the eye.
1-3. Apply rich brown shades and metallic neutrals for blue eyes.
Orange is the opposite of blue, so the more bronze, the better for creating contrast. A matte gray may also allow a bright blue shade to “pop” against the neutral.
1-4. Define the eye with liner and mascara.
Once the color is applied to the eyelid, lining the eyes will give dimension and definition to eyes. There are many options for both these products and for techniques of application, such as the winged liner, the smokey eye, and the graphic line. Choose a technique that makes your eyes seem bigger and more alert so the color can be most noticeable. With the right color choice and with these finishing touches, the eyes will have the perfect frame to present your unique hue to the world.
Brown eyes are also defined best with black liner since there is already a depth of color saturation present on the face.
Green and hazel eyes will benefit from a less intense liner color, like a purple, charcoal, or silver.
Blue eyes look best with a bronze or brown liner since black may prove to harsh against a light colored eye.
2. Wearing Clothes to Brings Out Your Eyes
2-1. Choose colors that contrast and complement your eye color.
Similar to the eye makeup rules, clothing colors can give your eyes extra vibrancy through contrast. Consulting the color wheel will give you a basic idea of contrasting colors. You’ll want to wear the color that is the opposite of your eye color on the color wheel.
2-2. Wear orange, bronze, red, or gold to give emphasis to blue eyes.
If your eyes are a lighter blue, intensify the redness in your clothing to bring out the hue. If your eyes are a darker blue, near to gray, lean toward a more yellow or golden tone to bring out the purple and blue tones in the eye.
2-3. Wear red or more subtle mauve and burgundy to contrast a green eye.
A lighter green eye may be better contrasted by a purplish shade of red. If you’ve got a hazel eye that leans more green, choose these colors as well to accent those shades.
2-4. Wear brown purple and pink if your brown eyes are more golden than warm in hue.
If your brown eyes are warmer, green would oppose the redder shades on the eye. For complementary colors to brown, true gold is a safe choice. If you’ve got hazel eyes that lean more brown, wear these colors to create contrast.
2-5. Choose accessories in the right colors as well.
When choosing jewelry, ties, hats, etc., the colors should a) coordinate with the outfit and b) contrast or complement the eye color. Be particularly attentive to accessories that will be worn near the face.
2-6. Simplify the outfit in order to bring emphasis to the face.
Do not over-accessorize when trying to emphasize a natural feature, such as the eyes. Too much jewelry, too large of a hat, or too many colors will distract others from noticing the eyes. Make selective color choices and keep the look free of distracting features.
3. Considering Hair Style and Color
3-1. Choose a haircut or hairstyle that draws attention to your eyes.
This may include several different looks, and you should choose whichever look fits your lifestyle, hair texture, and maintenance routine. Short hair makes the face stand out, and longer hair can frame the face well, especially with well trimmed bangs or layers that fall around the eyes or cheekbones.
3-2. Choose a hair colour that will intensify the eye color.
If you are willing to dye your hair, you have many options to consider. There is no need to go drastic or permanent if you don’t want to Consulting a professional may prove useful and informative about your options since skintone and hair health may also be factors in your hair dye.
If you are not looking for a permanent color application, consider a semi permanent dye that will enhance or tone your natural color. These applications are less intense and easier to maintain.
3-3. Keep hair healthy and tame.
Just like a busy outfit can distract from the eyes, unruly hair or intense colors can distract as well. This is not to say that your hair cannot be funky, beachy, or styled uniquely. Just be attentive to styling and color choices, checking if the choices become distracting at any point during the process.
Tips
Don’t assume that what works for someone else will work for you. Everyone has unique color stories in their skin, eyes, and hair; therefore, there is no “one size fits all” for cosmetic color.
Follow the same method if you want to experiment with lipstick. Pinks and reds are good for green and hazel eyes.
Don’t be afraid to try new colors and techniques of makeup application. Get a palate of several eye shadow shades and experiment!
Warnings
Be sure to remove makeup well at the end of the day to keep skin fresh and free from oils and leftover powder on the face.
Don't use too many chemicals in hair when dying. If you are new to dying, consult and expert for advice on process and color. Too much dye or bleach can permanently damage hair.
Make sure to update your makeup every 6 months or so and be careful not to share your eyeliner or mascara, as it carries the possibility of eye infections.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using Eye Makeup\\n1-1. Apply pink, purple, silver, or gold for brown eyes.\\nIn particular, pinks, purples, and silvers tend to accentuate the warmth of the brown tones. Gold or bronze shades increase color clarity, and green shades lighten brown eyes. For brown eyes, the possibilities are nearly endless. Since brown is a neutral, nearly every color goes with it.\\n1-2. Apply violet and plum shades to accentuate green and hazel eyes.\\nPink and purple will create the best contrast, since red is the contrasting color to green, and the purple will accentuate any gold strands in the eye.\\n1-3. Apply rich brown shades and metallic neutrals for blue eyes.\\nOrange is the opposite of blue, so the more bronze, the better for creating contrast. A matte gray may also allow a bright blue shade to “pop” against the neutral.\\n1-4. Define the eye with liner and mascara.\\nOnce the color is applied to the eyelid, lining the eyes will give dimension and definition to eyes. There are many options for both these products and for techniques of application, such as the winged liner, the smokey eye, and the graphic line. Choose a technique that makes your eyes seem bigger and more alert so the color can be most noticeable. With the right color choice and with these finishing touches, the eyes will have the perfect frame to present your unique hue to the world. \\nBrown eyes are also defined best with black liner since there is already a depth of color saturation present on the face.\\nGreen and hazel eyes will benefit from a less intense liner color, like a purple, charcoal, or silver.\\nBlue eyes look best with a bronze or brown liner since black may prove to harsh against a light colored eye.\\n2. Wearing Clothes to Brings Out Your Eyes\\n2-1. Choose colors that contrast and complement your eye color.\\nSimilar to the eye makeup rules, clothing colors can give your eyes extra vibrancy through contrast. Consulting the color wheel will give you a basic idea of contrasting colors. You’ll want to wear the color that is the opposite of your eye color on the color wheel.\\n2-2. Wear orange, bronze, red, or gold to give emphasis to blue eyes.\\nIf your eyes are a lighter blue, intensify the redness in your clothing to bring out the hue. If your eyes are a darker blue, near to gray, lean toward a more yellow or golden tone to bring out the purple and blue tones in the eye.\\n2-3. Wear red or more subtle mauve and burgundy to contrast a green eye.\\nA lighter green eye may be better contrasted by a purplish shade of red. If you’ve got a hazel eye that leans more green, choose these colors as well to accent those shades.\\n2-4. Wear brown purple and pink if your brown eyes are more golden than warm in hue.\\nIf your brown eyes are warmer, green would oppose the redder shades on the eye. For complementary colors to brown, true gold is a safe choice. If you’ve got hazel eyes that lean more brown, wear these colors to create contrast.\\n2-5. Choose accessories in the right colors as well.\\nWhen choosing jewelry, ties, hats, etc., the colors should a) coordinate with the outfit and b) contrast or complement the eye color. Be particularly attentive to accessories that will be worn near the face.\\n2-6. Simplify the outfit in order to bring emphasis to the face.\\nDo not over-accessorize when trying to emphasize a natural feature, such as the eyes. Too much jewelry, too large of a hat, or too many colors will distract others from noticing the eyes. Make selective color choices and keep the look free of distracting features.\\n3. Considering Hair Style and Color\\n3-1. Choose a haircut or hairstyle that draws attention to your eyes.\\nThis may include several different looks, and you should choose whichever look fits your lifestyle, hair texture, and maintenance routine. Short hair makes the face stand out, and longer hair can frame the face well, especially with well trimmed bangs or layers that fall around the eyes or cheekbones.\\n3-2. Choose a hair colour that will intensify the eye color.\\nIf you are willing to dye your hair, you have many options to consider. There is no need to go drastic or permanent if you don’t want to Consulting a professional may prove useful and informative about your options since skintone and hair health may also be factors in your hair dye. \\nIf you are not looking for a permanent color application, consider a semi permanent dye that will enhance or tone your natural color. These applications are less intense and easier to maintain.\\n3-3. Keep hair healthy and tame.\\nJust like a busy outfit can distract from the eyes, unruly hair or intense colors can distract as well. This is not to say that your hair cannot be funky, beachy, or styled uniquely. Just be attentive to styling and color choices, checking if the choices become distracting at any point during the process.\\nTips\\nDon’t assume that what works for someone else will work for you. Everyone has unique color stories in their skin, eyes, and hair; therefore, there is no “one size fits all” for cosmetic color.\\nFollow the same method if you want to experiment with lipstick. Pinks and reds are good for green and hazel eyes.\\nDon’t be afraid to try new colors and techniques of makeup application. Get a palate of several eye shadow shades and experiment!\\nWarnings\\nBe sure to remove makeup well at the end of the day to keep skin fresh and free from oils and leftover powder on the face.\\nDon't use too many chemicals in hair when dying. If you are new to dying, consult and expert for advice on process and color. Too much dye or bleach can permanently damage hair.\\nMake sure to update your makeup every 6 months or so and be careful not to share your eyeliner or mascara, as it carries the possibility of eye infections.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The eyes are the most central feature of the face, and learning how to feature your eyes will make any make-up look more effective and memorable. There are many techniques to featuring the eyes, and while some of them require some make-up expertise, many are simple to employ. For most, it’s simply a matter of finding the right products and perfecting the placements of highlight, shadow, and color on the face.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using Eye Makeup\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply pink, purple, silver, or gold for brown eyes.\", \"描述\": \"In particular, pinks, purples, and silvers tend to accentuate the warmth of the brown tones. Gold or bronze shades increase color clarity, and green shades lighten brown eyes. For brown eyes, the possibilities are nearly endless. Since brown is a neutral, nearly every color goes with it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply violet and plum shades to accentuate green and hazel eyes.\", \"描述\": \"Pink and purple will create the best contrast, since red is the contrasting color to green, and the purple will accentuate any gold strands in the eye.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply rich brown shades and metallic neutrals for blue eyes.\", \"描述\": \"Orange is the opposite of blue, so the more bronze, the better for creating contrast. A matte gray may also allow a bright blue shade to “pop” against the neutral.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Define the eye with liner and mascara.\", \"描述\": \"Once the color is applied to the eyelid, lining the eyes will give dimension and definition to eyes. There are many options for both these products and for techniques of application, such as the winged liner, the smokey eye, and the graphic line. Choose a technique that makes your eyes seem bigger and more alert so the color can be most noticeable. With the right color choice and with these finishing touches, the eyes will have the perfect frame to present your unique hue to the world. \\nBrown eyes are also defined best with black liner since there is already a depth of color saturation present on the face.\\nGreen and hazel eyes will benefit from a less intense liner color, like a purple, charcoal, or silver.\\nBlue eyes look best with a bronze or brown liner since black may prove to harsh against a light colored eye.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wearing Clothes to Brings Out Your Eyes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose colors that contrast and complement your eye color.\", \"描述\": \"Similar to the eye makeup rules, clothing colors can give your eyes extra vibrancy through contrast. Consulting the color wheel will give you a basic idea of contrasting colors. You’ll want to wear the color that is the opposite of your eye color on the color wheel.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wear orange, bronze, red, or gold to give emphasis to blue eyes.\", \"描述\": \"If your eyes are a lighter blue, intensify the redness in your clothing to bring out the hue. If your eyes are a darker blue, near to gray, lean toward a more yellow or golden tone to bring out the purple and blue tones in the eye.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wear red or more subtle mauve and burgundy to contrast a green eye.\", \"描述\": \"A lighter green eye may be better contrasted by a purplish shade of red. If you’ve got a hazel eye that leans more green, choose these colors as well to accent those shades.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wear brown purple and pink if your brown eyes are more golden than warm in hue.\", \"描述\": \"If your brown eyes are warmer, green would oppose the redder shades on the eye. For complementary colors to brown, true gold is a safe choice. If you’ve got hazel eyes that lean more brown, wear these colors to create contrast.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Choose accessories in the right colors as well.\", \"描述\": \"When choosing jewelry, ties, hats, etc., the colors should a) coordinate with the outfit and b) contrast or complement the eye color. Be particularly attentive to accessories that will be worn near the face.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Simplify the outfit in order to bring emphasis to the face.\", \"描述\": \"Do not over-accessorize when trying to emphasize a natural feature, such as the eyes. Too much jewelry, too large of a hat, or too many colors will distract others from noticing the eyes. Make selective color choices and keep the look free of distracting features.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Considering Hair Style and Color\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a haircut or hairstyle that draws attention to your eyes.\", \"描述\": \"This may include several different looks, and you should choose whichever look fits your lifestyle, hair texture, and maintenance routine. Short hair makes the face stand out, and longer hair can frame the face well, especially with well trimmed bangs or layers that fall around the eyes or cheekbones.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a hair colour that will intensify the eye color.\", \"描述\": \"If you are willing to dye your hair, you have many options to consider. There is no need to go drastic or permanent if you don’t want to Consulting a professional may prove useful and informative about your options since skintone and hair health may also be factors in your hair dye. \\nIf you are not looking for a permanent color application, consider a semi permanent dye that will enhance or tone your natural color. These applications are less intense and easier to maintain.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep hair healthy and tame.\", \"描述\": \"Just like a busy outfit can distract from the eyes, unruly hair or intense colors can distract as well. This is not to say that your hair cannot be funky, beachy, or styled uniquely. Just be attentive to styling and color choices, checking if the choices become distracting at any point during the process.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Don’t assume that what works for someone else will work for you. Everyone has unique color stories in their skin, eyes, and hair; therefore, there is no “one size fits all” for cosmetic color.\\n\", \"Follow the same method if you want to experiment with lipstick. Pinks and reds are good for green and hazel eyes.\\n\", \"Don’t be afraid to try new colors and techniques of makeup application. Get a palate of several eye shadow shades and experiment!\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be sure to remove makeup well at the end of the day to keep skin fresh and free from oils and leftover powder on the face.\\n\", \"Don't use too many chemicals in hair when dying. If you are new to dying, consult and expert for advice on process and color. Too much dye or bleach can permanently damage hair.\\n\", \"Make sure to update your makeup every 6 months or so and be careful not to share your eyeliner or mascara, as it carries the possibility of eye infections.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,029 |
How to Bring the Honeymoon Phase Back
|
1. Do something nice for your partner every day.
Your partner will love a simple daily reminder of how much you care.
You could give them a compliment to start their morning good note, send them words of encouragement throughout a busy day, or do a chore for them without you asking. Staying involved in your partner’s life in little ways each day can help you deepen your connection again.
Do something based on your partner’s love language. If their love language is acts of service, try cooking them a meal or running an errand they’ve been putting off.
You could make a point to give them a big hug or cuddle them when you’re together.
2. Go out on regular date nights.
Break your normal routines so you have time to connect with each other.
Just because you’ve been with each other for a while doesn’t mean you have to stop going on dates. Try to plan a night every couple of weeks where you can do something exciting as a couple so you can bond and have fun together. Some date ideas could be:
Going out for dinner
Seeing a new movie or play
Taking a walk through the park
If you want to save some money, have a date night at home! Plan a fun movie night or cook a delicious dinner together.
3. Try new activities together.
You’ll grow closer as a couple when you experience new things.
Doing something new with your partner actually sparks the same part of your brain when you first fell for them. Rather than falling into a routine with your partner, look for exciting opportunities that you can do together. Break your comfort zone and do something you normally wouldn’t do so you can grow and make fun, new memories. Some things you might try include:
Playing a new board game
Visiting a local museum
Trying an intramural sport
Taking a dance class together
4. Surprise your partner with a gift.
An unexpected gift makes your partner appreciate you even more.
If you see something small that reminds you of your partner, consider getting it for them. It could be something they’ve mentioned in the past, their favorite drink from the coffee shop, or anything you see that makes you think of them. You don’t have to expect anything in return—just try to make your partner smile so they know that you still care.
Bring home a bouquet of flowers for your spouse when they’re having a rough day.
Get them something they pointed out last time they were at the store to show that you’re paying attention to them.
5. Write each other love letters.
A classic love note brings back old romantic feelings.
Even if you tell your partner how you feel in person, it will make them feel butterflies when you leave them a romantic note. Put all of your feelings down on paper and hide the letter some place where your partner will find it. You could even read it aloud to them to share a special moment together.
Hide notes in places where your partner will find them. You could put them by their keys so they see your note before they leave, or you could pack it in their lunchbox so they have a surprise when they eat.
6. Prioritize time for intimacy.
Maintain your physical connection so it doesn’t fizzle out.
It’s normal for your sex life to slow down the longer you’re in a relationship, but you can still make time to be close and intimate with each other. If your intimacy doesn’t feel as spontaneous as it used to, try to mix it up and initiate when you’re in the mood so you can deepen your bond.
Initiate sex at spontaneous times so you can keep your partner on their toes and reignite your romance.
Try using new positions or toys in the bedroom if you want to experiment with something new.
7. Plan a vacation (or staycation) together.
A few days off together gives you a chance to recharge and reconnect.
If you and your partner have had a small trip you’ve wanted to take, schedule a time where you can both get away and spend the time together. That way, you break the routine of everyday life and can come back feeling refreshed and even closer to your partner.
Take a camping trip out to a state park and explore nature together.
Drive up the coast for the weekend and check out a beach town.
Even if you can’t get out, plan a relaxing weekend at home with a movie marathon or go explore a part of town you haven’t been to before.
8. Give each other space.
Spending time apart makes you appreciate when you’re together more.
Even though you may share every moment with your partner, you should still have time to focus on your own interests and other relationships. Plan a few nights where you do something on your own or hang out with other friends. Your partner will love seeing you pursuing what you love and make them admire you more.
9. Communicate with each other openly.
Talking about what you need helps you grow closer as a couple.
Opening up to your partner about what you need from the relationship is an important part of your relationship, so find a quiet time to talk with each other. By keeping an open dialogue with each other, you won’t allow tension to build up and you can easily talk through issues as they come up.
Use “I” statements to talk about how you’re feeling so it never sounds like you’re blaming your partner for what you need.
10. Check in with each other’s feelings.
Asking how your partner feels can help you work through any issues.
Even if you feel like you’re not connecting as well as you were before, your partner may feel differently. Ask your partner about their emotions and be sure to listen to everything they have to say so you can respond to it.
Don’t forget to open up about how you’re feeling too and let your partner know if there’s anything that they can do to help out.
11. Remind yourself of what you love about your partner.
Reminisce on happy memories to remember why you’re with your partner.
Think about what traits you really value and what made you fall for them in the first place. Just remembering the good times you’ve had helps look forward to all the amazing experiences you’ll have in the future.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Do something nice for your partner every day.\\nYour partner will love a simple daily reminder of how much you care.\\nYou could give them a compliment to start their morning good note, send them words of encouragement throughout a busy day, or do a chore for them without you asking. Staying involved in your partner’s life in little ways each day can help you deepen your connection again.\\nDo something based on your partner’s love language. If their love language is acts of service, try cooking them a meal or running an errand they’ve been putting off.\\nYou could make a point to give them a big hug or cuddle them when you’re together.\\n2. Go out on regular date nights.\\nBreak your normal routines so you have time to connect with each other.\\nJust because you’ve been with each other for a while doesn’t mean you have to stop going on dates. Try to plan a night every couple of weeks where you can do something exciting as a couple so you can bond and have fun together. Some date ideas could be:\\nGoing out for dinner\\nSeeing a new movie or play\\nTaking a walk through the park\\nIf you want to save some money, have a date night at home! Plan a fun movie night or cook a delicious dinner together.\\n3. Try new activities together.\\nYou’ll grow closer as a couple when you experience new things.\\nDoing something new with your partner actually sparks the same part of your brain when you first fell for them. Rather than falling into a routine with your partner, look for exciting opportunities that you can do together. Break your comfort zone and do something you normally wouldn’t do so you can grow and make fun, new memories. Some things you might try include:\\nPlaying a new board game\\nVisiting a local museum\\nTrying an intramural sport\\nTaking a dance class together\\n4. Surprise your partner with a gift.\\nAn unexpected gift makes your partner appreciate you even more.\\nIf you see something small that reminds you of your partner, consider getting it for them. It could be something they’ve mentioned in the past, their favorite drink from the coffee shop, or anything you see that makes you think of them. You don’t have to expect anything in return—just try to make your partner smile so they know that you still care.\\nBring home a bouquet of flowers for your spouse when they’re having a rough day.\\nGet them something they pointed out last time they were at the store to show that you’re paying attention to them.\\n5. Write each other love letters.\\nA classic love note brings back old romantic feelings.\\nEven if you tell your partner how you feel in person, it will make them feel butterflies when you leave them a romantic note. Put all of your feelings down on paper and hide the letter some place where your partner will find it. You could even read it aloud to them to share a special moment together.\\nHide notes in places where your partner will find them. You could put them by their keys so they see your note before they leave, or you could pack it in their lunchbox so they have a surprise when they eat.\\n6. Prioritize time for intimacy.\\nMaintain your physical connection so it doesn’t fizzle out.\\nIt’s normal for your sex life to slow down the longer you’re in a relationship, but you can still make time to be close and intimate with each other. If your intimacy doesn’t feel as spontaneous as it used to, try to mix it up and initiate when you’re in the mood so you can deepen your bond.\\nInitiate sex at spontaneous times so you can keep your partner on their toes and reignite your romance.\\nTry using new positions or toys in the bedroom if you want to experiment with something new.\\n7. Plan a vacation (or staycation) together.\\nA few days off together gives you a chance to recharge and reconnect.\\nIf you and your partner have had a small trip you’ve wanted to take, schedule a time where you can both get away and spend the time together. That way, you break the routine of everyday life and can come back feeling refreshed and even closer to your partner.\\nTake a camping trip out to a state park and explore nature together.\\nDrive up the coast for the weekend and check out a beach town.\\nEven if you can’t get out, plan a relaxing weekend at home with a movie marathon or go explore a part of town you haven’t been to before.\\n8. Give each other space.\\nSpending time apart makes you appreciate when you’re together more.\\nEven though you may share every moment with your partner, you should still have time to focus on your own interests and other relationships. Plan a few nights where you do something on your own or hang out with other friends. Your partner will love seeing you pursuing what you love and make them admire you more.\\n9. Communicate with each other openly.\\nTalking about what you need helps you grow closer as a couple.\\nOpening up to your partner about what you need from the relationship is an important part of your relationship, so find a quiet time to talk with each other. By keeping an open dialogue with each other, you won’t allow tension to build up and you can easily talk through issues as they come up.\\nUse “I” statements to talk about how you’re feeling so it never sounds like you’re blaming your partner for what you need.\\n10. Check in with each other’s feelings.\\nAsking how your partner feels can help you work through any issues.\\nEven if you feel like you’re not connecting as well as you were before, your partner may feel differently. Ask your partner about their emotions and be sure to listen to everything they have to say so you can respond to it.\\nDon’t forget to open up about how you’re feeling too and let your partner know if there’s anything that they can do to help out.\\n11. Remind yourself of what you love about your partner.\\nReminisce on happy memories to remember why you’re with your partner.\\nThink about what traits you really value and what made you fall for them in the first place. Just remembering the good times you’ve had helps look forward to all the amazing experiences you’ll have in the future.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’re a little nervous that you aren’t feeling the same sparks from when you first started dating, what can you do to bring them back? It’s perfectly normal for the honeymoon phase to fade after a few months or years, but that doesn’t mean all the romance is gone. You can still do a lot to have fun and make happy memories together and keep the feeling of your honeymoon phase going. Scroll down for a list of exciting ways to keep the romance alive in your relationship!This article is based on an interview with our dating coach, John Keegan. Check out the full interview here.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do something nice for your partner every day.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Your partner will love a simple daily reminder of how much you care.\", \"描述\": \"You could give them a compliment to start their morning good note, send them words of encouragement throughout a busy day, or do a chore for them without you asking. Staying involved in your partner’s life in little ways each day can help you deepen your connection again.\\nDo something based on your partner’s love language. If their love language is acts of service, try cooking them a meal or running an errand they’ve been putting off.\\nYou could make a point to give them a big hug or cuddle them when you’re together.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Go out on regular date nights.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Break your normal routines so you have time to connect with each other.\", \"描述\": \"Just because you’ve been with each other for a while doesn’t mean you have to stop going on dates. Try to plan a night every couple of weeks where you can do something exciting as a couple so you can bond and have fun together. Some date ideas could be:\\nGoing out for dinner\\nSeeing a new movie or play\\nTaking a walk through the park\\nIf you want to save some money, have a date night at home! Plan a fun movie night or cook a delicious dinner together.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try new activities together.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You’ll grow closer as a couple when you experience new things.\", \"描述\": \"Doing something new with your partner actually sparks the same part of your brain when you first fell for them. Rather than falling into a routine with your partner, look for exciting opportunities that you can do together. Break your comfort zone and do something you normally wouldn’t do so you can grow and make fun, new memories. Some things you might try include:\\nPlaying a new board game\\nVisiting a local museum\\nTrying an intramural sport\\nTaking a dance class together\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Surprise your partner with a gift.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"An unexpected gift makes your partner appreciate you even more.\", \"描述\": \"If you see something small that reminds you of your partner, consider getting it for them. It could be something they’ve mentioned in the past, their favorite drink from the coffee shop, or anything you see that makes you think of them. You don’t have to expect anything in return—just try to make your partner smile so they know that you still care.\\nBring home a bouquet of flowers for your spouse when they’re having a rough day.\\nGet them something they pointed out last time they were at the store to show that you’re paying attention to them.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Write each other love letters.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A classic love note brings back old romantic feelings.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you tell your partner how you feel in person, it will make them feel butterflies when you leave them a romantic note. Put all of your feelings down on paper and hide the letter some place where your partner will find it. You could even read it aloud to them to share a special moment together.\\nHide notes in places where your partner will find them. You could put them by their keys so they see your note before they leave, or you could pack it in their lunchbox so they have a surprise when they eat.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Prioritize time for intimacy.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Maintain your physical connection so it doesn’t fizzle out.\", \"描述\": \"It’s normal for your sex life to slow down the longer you’re in a relationship, but you can still make time to be close and intimate with each other. If your intimacy doesn’t feel as spontaneous as it used to, try to mix it up and initiate when you’re in the mood so you can deepen your bond.\\nInitiate sex at spontaneous times so you can keep your partner on their toes and reignite your romance.\\nTry using new positions or toys in the bedroom if you want to experiment with something new.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Plan a vacation (or staycation) together.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A few days off together gives you a chance to recharge and reconnect.\", \"描述\": \"If you and your partner have had a small trip you’ve wanted to take, schedule a time where you can both get away and spend the time together. That way, you break the routine of everyday life and can come back feeling refreshed and even closer to your partner.\\nTake a camping trip out to a state park and explore nature together.\\nDrive up the coast for the weekend and check out a beach town.\\nEven if you can’t get out, plan a relaxing weekend at home with a movie marathon or go explore a part of town you haven’t been to before.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Give each other space.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Spending time apart makes you appreciate when you’re together more.\", \"描述\": \"Even though you may share every moment with your partner, you should still have time to focus on your own interests and other relationships. Plan a few nights where you do something on your own or hang out with other friends. Your partner will love seeing you pursuing what you love and make them admire you more.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Communicate with each other openly.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talking about what you need helps you grow closer as a couple.\", \"描述\": \"Opening up to your partner about what you need from the relationship is an important part of your relationship, so find a quiet time to talk with each other. By keeping an open dialogue with each other, you won’t allow tension to build up and you can easily talk through issues as they come up.\\nUse “I” statements to talk about how you’re feeling so it never sounds like you’re blaming your partner for what you need.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Check in with each other’s feelings.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Asking how your partner feels can help you work through any issues.\", \"描述\": \"Even if you feel like you’re not connecting as well as you were before, your partner may feel differently. Ask your partner about their emotions and be sure to listen to everything they have to say so you can respond to it.\\nDon’t forget to open up about how you’re feeling too and let your partner know if there’s anything that they can do to help out.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Remind yourself of what you love about your partner.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Reminisce on happy memories to remember why you’re with your partner.\", \"描述\": \"Think about what traits you really value and what made you fall for them in the first place. Just remembering the good times you’ve had helps look forward to all the amazing experiences you’ll have in the future.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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7,030 |
How to Bring up a Gentle and Pleasant Dog
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1. Selecting a Gentle Dog
1-1. Research dogs that have gentle dispositions.
Although any breed of dog can have a kind disposition and be inclined towards gentleness, different breeds have different behavioral dispositions due to breeding and genetic traits. Research breeds online or by talking with informed individuals at pet stores or veterinary clinics in your area. Dog breeds that have gentle dispositions include: Great Danes, Beagles, Newfoundlands, and Pugs.
Consider what you want in a dog: would you prefer a lazy, mellow pet, or a dog that is athletic and high-energy?
If you're set on getting a purebred animal, look into the breed's history. If you're looking for a gentle pet, avoid dogs that have been bred for violent activities such as guarding or animal hunting.
1-2. Select a friendly breed.
To ensure that you find a gentle and pleasant dog, opt for a dog whose breed is considered friendly and easy-going. Breeds known to be high-strung, or which require excessive training or high maintenance, may not develop into the gentle dog you're looking for. A few outgoing, fun-loving breeds are: Irish Setters, Beagles, Boxers, and Welsh Corgis.
Breeds that are commonly considered affectionate include: golden retrievers, Labrador retrievers, Irish wolfhounds, Collies, English bulldogs, and Great Danes.
1-3. Look for an affectionate dog.
Aside from breed characteristics, you want to do everything possible to ensure that your specific dog is an affectionate, gentle, and pleasant pet. If possible, spend some time with a potential pet before you bring it home. This is especially important if you're adopting a grown animal from a pet shelter, since adult dogs will be less likely to change their behavior in a new home.
Make sure you're getting your dog from a reputable breeder or rescue that properly socialized it. Dogs that aren't socialized are more likely to have behavioral problems.
If you're bringing home a puppy, you should still try to spend time with it before the adoption to make sure that it's gentle.
If you have your choice of a number of puppies (an entire litter, for example), spend time with the puppies and choose one that seems outgoing and personable.
2. Bringing up an Obedient Dog
2-1. Train your dog using positive reinforcement.
Rather than punishing your dog for mistakes they have made, which will teach your dog to fear you, positively reinforce their good behaviors. When your dog obeys a command or completes a task correctly, praise your dog and give them a treat or piece of food.
Taking your dog to an obedience training course is a great way to have your dog trained quickly and effectively. Make sure that the training instructors themselves use positive reinforcement, and other gentle training methods.
2-2. Socialize your dog early and often.
To ensure that your dog will along well with other dogs and other humans (the dogs' owners) and will have a pleasant disposition, avoid secluding your dog. After about a month of learning your dog's behavior, let it interact with other animals and humans frequently in safe spaces where your dog won't feel threatened or uncomfortable. These interactions will help your dog develop social relationships and healthy interactions with humans and other dogs.
One way to socialize a new dog—especially a puppy—is to have a “puppy party.” Invite various friends, especially people who are calm and enjoy being around dogs.
You can also invite other dog-owners to bring their dogs over to meet yours, or agree to meet at a dog park to let the dogs run together. Your dog should be enjoying itself during these interactions — if it seems stressed, it may actually become more anxious. Don't invite so many dogs over that your dog gets overwhelmed.
2-3. Teach your dog how to walk on a leash.
Dogs can be remarkably unpleasant when they walk improperly on a leash and refuse to walk with their owner, or drag their owner along behind them. Make the walk walk by your side, and don't let it pull on the leash.
When you're walking your dog and you pass another dog, stop and let the two interact for about 3 seconds before moving on. This can help it get more comfortable around others.
If your dog gets excited or aggressive when another dog is near, continue your walk. If you give in and let your dog approach the strange dog, your dog will think this behavior is acceptable.
3. Discouraging Negative Behavior
3-1. Prevent your dog from play-biting.
Although roughhousing and play-biting can seem cute and affectionate when your dog is a puppy, as the dog matures, this behavior becomes unpleasant and can even be painful. Prevent your dog from biting by pulling back or yelling “Ouch!” when it play-bites. Move away from your puppy for a couple of minutes. When you return, resume gently playing.
This behavior mimics the way that puppies learn to tussle and play with one another in their litters.
Preventing your dog from biting will let it know how to behave gently.
3-2. Don't tease your dog when playing games.
If you play a game—fetch, for example—and repeatedly tease your dog, you run the risk of teaching it that playtime is unpleasant and should be avoided. This can diminish the bond between dog and owner, and will result in a less gentle adult dog.
Avoid playing other rough games with your dog. Even a game like tug-of-war can teach your dog that it's OK to take things away from humans, and that ripping objects out of your grasp is appropriate.
3-3. Don't punish your dog after it has misbehaved.
After-the-fact punishment has been shown to work ineffectively. For example, it's not helpful to yell at your dog after it has broken a household object or gone to the bathroom inside, unless you catch it in the act of misbehaving. Instead, use training and positive reinforcement to teach your dog proper indoor behavior. Then, when the dog does something good, praise it with a treat and by showing it attention.
Punishing your dog after misbehavior can be counterproductive, as many dogs will take the attention being lavished on them as a positive sign. Dogs often feel as though any attention is good attention, and may be more inclined to misbehave if they think it will get your attention.
3-4. Teach your dog good indoors manners.
A well-trained, well-behaved dog will be a pleasant and gentle companion and friend. Teach the dog to behave well inside the house from an early age, and you'll have fewer instances of disobedience and unpleasant behavior. If your dog clearly knows your behavioral expectations, it will behave well and be a pleasant pet.
Don't let your dog jump up on friends or visitors.
When you are feeding the dog, give it food after you've already eaten. If the dog is begging and whining while you are preparing its meal, say something like “leave me alone” in a firm voice. When the dog leaves you alone and the meal is prepared, then you can feed it.
Tips
Treat your dog gently and with love and trust, and your dog will learn to be loyal, gentle, and affectionate.
Warnings
Never slap or kick your dog. This type of behavior is abusive, and your dog will learn to fear you. This can result in an aggressive dog, especially if the dog thinks it needs to defend itself from your attacks.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Selecting a Gentle Dog\\n1-1. Research dogs that have gentle dispositions.\\nAlthough any breed of dog can have a kind disposition and be inclined towards gentleness, different breeds have different behavioral dispositions due to breeding and genetic traits. Research breeds online or by talking with informed individuals at pet stores or veterinary clinics in your area. Dog breeds that have gentle dispositions include: Great Danes, Beagles, Newfoundlands, and Pugs.\\nConsider what you want in a dog: would you prefer a lazy, mellow pet, or a dog that is athletic and high-energy?\\nIf you're set on getting a purebred animal, look into the breed's history. If you're looking for a gentle pet, avoid dogs that have been bred for violent activities such as guarding or animal hunting.\\n1-2. Select a friendly breed.\\nTo ensure that you find a gentle and pleasant dog, opt for a dog whose breed is considered friendly and easy-going. Breeds known to be high-strung, or which require excessive training or high maintenance, may not develop into the gentle dog you're looking for. A few outgoing, fun-loving breeds are: Irish Setters, Beagles, Boxers, and Welsh Corgis.\\nBreeds that are commonly considered affectionate include: golden retrievers, Labrador retrievers, Irish wolfhounds, Collies, English bulldogs, and Great Danes.\\n1-3. Look for an affectionate dog.\\nAside from breed characteristics, you want to do everything possible to ensure that your specific dog is an affectionate, gentle, and pleasant pet. If possible, spend some time with a potential pet before you bring it home. This is especially important if you're adopting a grown animal from a pet shelter, since adult dogs will be less likely to change their behavior in a new home.\\nMake sure you're getting your dog from a reputable breeder or rescue that properly socialized it. Dogs that aren't socialized are more likely to have behavioral problems.\\nIf you're bringing home a puppy, you should still try to spend time with it before the adoption to make sure that it's gentle.\\nIf you have your choice of a number of puppies (an entire litter, for example), spend time with the puppies and choose one that seems outgoing and personable.\\n2. Bringing up an Obedient Dog\\n2-1. Train your dog using positive reinforcement.\\nRather than punishing your dog for mistakes they have made, which will teach your dog to fear you, positively reinforce their good behaviors. When your dog obeys a command or completes a task correctly, praise your dog and give them a treat or piece of food. \\nTaking your dog to an obedience training course is a great way to have your dog trained quickly and effectively. Make sure that the training instructors themselves use positive reinforcement, and other gentle training methods.\\n2-2. Socialize your dog early and often.\\nTo ensure that your dog will along well with other dogs and other humans (the dogs' owners) and will have a pleasant disposition, avoid secluding your dog. After about a month of learning your dog's behavior, let it interact with other animals and humans frequently in safe spaces where your dog won't feel threatened or uncomfortable. These interactions will help your dog develop social relationships and healthy interactions with humans and other dogs.\\nOne way to socialize a new dog—especially a puppy—is to have a “puppy party.” Invite various friends, especially people who are calm and enjoy being around dogs.\\nYou can also invite other dog-owners to bring their dogs over to meet yours, or agree to meet at a dog park to let the dogs run together. Your dog should be enjoying itself during these interactions — if it seems stressed, it may actually become more anxious. Don't invite so many dogs over that your dog gets overwhelmed.\\n2-3. Teach your dog how to walk on a leash.\\nDogs can be remarkably unpleasant when they walk improperly on a leash and refuse to walk with their owner, or drag their owner along behind them. Make the walk walk by your side, and don't let it pull on the leash.\\nWhen you're walking your dog and you pass another dog, stop and let the two interact for about 3 seconds before moving on. This can help it get more comfortable around others.\\nIf your dog gets excited or aggressive when another dog is near, continue your walk. If you give in and let your dog approach the strange dog, your dog will think this behavior is acceptable.\\n3. Discouraging Negative Behavior\\n3-1. Prevent your dog from play-biting.\\nAlthough roughhousing and play-biting can seem cute and affectionate when your dog is a puppy, as the dog matures, this behavior becomes unpleasant and can even be painful. Prevent your dog from biting by pulling back or yelling “Ouch!” when it play-bites. Move away from your puppy for a couple of minutes. When you return, resume gently playing.\\nThis behavior mimics the way that puppies learn to tussle and play with one another in their litters.\\nPreventing your dog from biting will let it know how to behave gently.\\n3-2. Don't tease your dog when playing games.\\nIf you play a game—fetch, for example—and repeatedly tease your dog, you run the risk of teaching it that playtime is unpleasant and should be avoided. This can diminish the bond between dog and owner, and will result in a less gentle adult dog.\\nAvoid playing other rough games with your dog. Even a game like tug-of-war can teach your dog that it's OK to take things away from humans, and that ripping objects out of your grasp is appropriate.\\n3-3. Don't punish your dog after it has misbehaved.\\nAfter-the-fact punishment has been shown to work ineffectively. For example, it's not helpful to yell at your dog after it has broken a household object or gone to the bathroom inside, unless you catch it in the act of misbehaving. Instead, use training and positive reinforcement to teach your dog proper indoor behavior. Then, when the dog does something good, praise it with a treat and by showing it attention.\\nPunishing your dog after misbehavior can be counterproductive, as many dogs will take the attention being lavished on them as a positive sign. Dogs often feel as though any attention is good attention, and may be more inclined to misbehave if they think it will get your attention.\\n3-4. Teach your dog good indoors manners.\\nA well-trained, well-behaved dog will be a pleasant and gentle companion and friend. Teach the dog to behave well inside the house from an early age, and you'll have fewer instances of disobedience and unpleasant behavior. If your dog clearly knows your behavioral expectations, it will behave well and be a pleasant pet.\\nDon't let your dog jump up on friends or visitors.\\nWhen you are feeding the dog, give it food after you've already eaten. If the dog is begging and whining while you are preparing its meal, say something like “leave me alone” in a firm voice. When the dog leaves you alone and the meal is prepared, then you can feed it.\\nTips\\nTreat your dog gently and with love and trust, and your dog will learn to be loyal, gentle, and affectionate.\\nWarnings\\nNever slap or kick your dog. This type of behavior is abusive, and your dog will learn to fear you. This can result in an aggressive dog, especially if the dog thinks it needs to defend itself from your attacks.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Dogs can make wonderful and compassionate pets, especially when they are well behaved. While some dog owners prefer a high-energy, high-maintenance breed—or even an aggressive dog to serve as a hunter or guard—others enjoy a more docile and gentle dog. If you want a gentle dog to serve as a pleasant companion, you'll need to look into an appropriate breed before adopting or purchasing a dog. You should also train your dog to not roughhouse or bite. If you'd rather not do this training yourself, you can pay a professional trainer to teach your dog. Always give your dog plenty of affectionate and positive reinforcement when it behaves well.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Selecting a Gentle Dog\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Research dogs that have gentle dispositions.\", \"描述\": \"Although any breed of dog can have a kind disposition and be inclined towards gentleness, different breeds have different behavioral dispositions due to breeding and genetic traits. Research breeds online or by talking with informed individuals at pet stores or veterinary clinics in your area. Dog breeds that have gentle dispositions include: Great Danes, Beagles, Newfoundlands, and Pugs.\\nConsider what you want in a dog: would you prefer a lazy, mellow pet, or a dog that is athletic and high-energy?\\nIf you're set on getting a purebred animal, look into the breed's history. If you're looking for a gentle pet, avoid dogs that have been bred for violent activities such as guarding or animal hunting.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Select a friendly breed.\", \"描述\": \"To ensure that you find a gentle and pleasant dog, opt for a dog whose breed is considered friendly and easy-going. Breeds known to be high-strung, or which require excessive training or high maintenance, may not develop into the gentle dog you're looking for. A few outgoing, fun-loving breeds are: Irish Setters, Beagles, Boxers, and Welsh Corgis.\\nBreeds that are commonly considered affectionate include: golden retrievers, Labrador retrievers, Irish wolfhounds, Collies, English bulldogs, and Great Danes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Look for an affectionate dog.\", \"描述\": \"Aside from breed characteristics, you want to do everything possible to ensure that your specific dog is an affectionate, gentle, and pleasant pet. If possible, spend some time with a potential pet before you bring it home. This is especially important if you're adopting a grown animal from a pet shelter, since adult dogs will be less likely to change their behavior in a new home.\\nMake sure you're getting your dog from a reputable breeder or rescue that properly socialized it. Dogs that aren't socialized are more likely to have behavioral problems.\\nIf you're bringing home a puppy, you should still try to spend time with it before the adoption to make sure that it's gentle.\\nIf you have your choice of a number of puppies (an entire litter, for example), spend time with the puppies and choose one that seems outgoing and personable.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Bringing up an Obedient Dog\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Train your dog using positive reinforcement.\", \"描述\": \"Rather than punishing your dog for mistakes they have made, which will teach your dog to fear you, positively reinforce their good behaviors. When your dog obeys a command or completes a task correctly, praise your dog and give them a treat or piece of food. \\nTaking your dog to an obedience training course is a great way to have your dog trained quickly and effectively. Make sure that the training instructors themselves use positive reinforcement, and other gentle training methods.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Socialize your dog early and often.\", \"描述\": \"To ensure that your dog will along well with other dogs and other humans (the dogs' owners) and will have a pleasant disposition, avoid secluding your dog. After about a month of learning your dog's behavior, let it interact with other animals and humans frequently in safe spaces where your dog won't feel threatened or uncomfortable. These interactions will help your dog develop social relationships and healthy interactions with humans and other dogs.\\nOne way to socialize a new dog—especially a puppy—is to have a “puppy party.” Invite various friends, especially people who are calm and enjoy being around dogs.\\nYou can also invite other dog-owners to bring their dogs over to meet yours, or agree to meet at a dog park to let the dogs run together. Your dog should be enjoying itself during these interactions — if it seems stressed, it may actually become more anxious. Don't invite so many dogs over that your dog gets overwhelmed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Teach your dog how to walk on a leash.\", \"描述\": \"Dogs can be remarkably unpleasant when they walk improperly on a leash and refuse to walk with their owner, or drag their owner along behind them. Make the walk walk by your side, and don't let it pull on the leash.\\nWhen you're walking your dog and you pass another dog, stop and let the two interact for about 3 seconds before moving on. This can help it get more comfortable around others.\\nIf your dog gets excited or aggressive when another dog is near, continue your walk. If you give in and let your dog approach the strange dog, your dog will think this behavior is acceptable.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Discouraging Negative Behavior\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prevent your dog from play-biting.\", \"描述\": \"Although roughhousing and play-biting can seem cute and affectionate when your dog is a puppy, as the dog matures, this behavior becomes unpleasant and can even be painful. Prevent your dog from biting by pulling back or yelling “Ouch!” when it play-bites. Move away from your puppy for a couple of minutes. When you return, resume gently playing.\\nThis behavior mimics the way that puppies learn to tussle and play with one another in their litters.\\nPreventing your dog from biting will let it know how to behave gently.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Don't tease your dog when playing games.\", \"描述\": \"If you play a game—fetch, for example—and repeatedly tease your dog, you run the risk of teaching it that playtime is unpleasant and should be avoided. This can diminish the bond between dog and owner, and will result in a less gentle adult dog.\\nAvoid playing other rough games with your dog. Even a game like tug-of-war can teach your dog that it's OK to take things away from humans, and that ripping objects out of your grasp is appropriate.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don't punish your dog after it has misbehaved.\", \"描述\": \"After-the-fact punishment has been shown to work ineffectively. For example, it's not helpful to yell at your dog after it has broken a household object or gone to the bathroom inside, unless you catch it in the act of misbehaving. Instead, use training and positive reinforcement to teach your dog proper indoor behavior. Then, when the dog does something good, praise it with a treat and by showing it attention.\\nPunishing your dog after misbehavior can be counterproductive, as many dogs will take the attention being lavished on them as a positive sign. Dogs often feel as though any attention is good attention, and may be more inclined to misbehave if they think it will get your attention.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Teach your dog good indoors manners.\", \"描述\": \"A well-trained, well-behaved dog will be a pleasant and gentle companion and friend. Teach the dog to behave well inside the house from an early age, and you'll have fewer instances of disobedience and unpleasant behavior. If your dog clearly knows your behavioral expectations, it will behave well and be a pleasant pet.\\nDon't let your dog jump up on friends or visitors.\\nWhen you are feeding the dog, give it food after you've already eaten. If the dog is begging and whining while you are preparing its meal, say something like “leave me alone” in a firm voice. When the dog leaves you alone and the meal is prepared, then you can feed it.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Treat your dog gently and with love and trust, and your dog will learn to be loyal, gentle, and affectionate.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Never slap or kick your dog. This type of behavior is abusive, and your dog will learn to fear you. This can result in an aggressive dog, especially if the dog thinks it needs to defend itself from your attacks.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,031 |
How to Brix Test
|
1. Zeroing an Optical Refractometer
1-1. Add a few drops of distilled water to the view plate.
Buy a jug of distilled water, or at least use a basic water filter to get clean water. Open the daylight plate, which is a hinged cover that closes over the angled prism. Use an eyedropper or pipette to drop a few drops onto the view plate.
It’s important to use pure water that is clean and free of extra particles. If the water has particles in it you won’t be able to accurately calibrate the refractometer.
The refractometer needs to be properly calibrated, or you'll get an incorrect reading when you perform a test.
A refractometer looks like a small monocular that fits in your hand. It has a view finder on 1 side and a view plate with a lid on the other.
1-2. Close the lid and let the water spread.
Lower the daylight plate so that it lays flat against the view plate with the water pressed between the plates. The water will spread across the surface of the prism, allowing you to take a Brix measurement.
It’s okay if some water spills out over the edges of the prism.
1-3. Hold the refractometer up to the light and look into it.
Refractometers require a bright light source to show you a reading. Stand outside in bright sunlight when conditions allow it. Otherwise, use the refractometer in a well-lit room. Stand directly under the light source for the best results.
Some refractometers are equipped with a light that shines onto the prism, so you don’t need another light source.
1-4. Focus the eyepiece, if necessary.
Most refractometers allow you to focus the eyepiece. When you look into it, you’ll see multiple lines and numbers. If those are blurry, twist the eyepiece until they come into focus.
Not all refractometers require you to focus them.
1-5. Adjust the zero setting with the knob or screw.
Pure water reads at zero, so adjust it as necessary. Check your refractometer’s instructions to see how you adjust the zero setting. Turn the knob or screw until the reading line is exactly on the zero line.
Your refractometer may have a simple knob that adjusts the zero setting, or it may include a small tool that allows you to tighten or loosen a screw that adjusts the zero setting.
Even if it is off of the zero line by a small fraction, it will affect all other readings.
2. Testing Brix with an Optical Refractometer
2-1. Open the daylight plate and wipe the prism.
Open the daylight plate to reveal the glass prism. Use a clean, dry cloth with soft fibers to wipe any dust or residue off of the prism. The type of microfiber cloth you’d use to clean eyeglasses is ideal for wiping the lens off.
Don’t use your shirt, or another rough cloth, because you will scratch the glass.
A refractometer measures the particles present in a liquid, so if you don’t wipe the lens off first you’ll skew the measurement.
After wiping the lens off, use a can of compressed air to blow off any fibers that might be left behind. You can get these cans at office supply stores.
2-2. Squeeze out some juice from the fruit or vegetable.
You get the best Brix reading from the part of the plant you eat. Only use a leaf if there is no fruit yet. Use a pair of pliers or your fingers to squeeze some of the fruit juice into a small, clean plastic container, like a measuring cup.
To avoid a mess, don’t squeeze the juice directly onto the refractometer. It works best to get a sample from the plant and then add a few drops of that to the refractometer.
If you use a leaf instead of a piece of fruit, pull it from the plant and fold it a few times. Use a pair of pliers to squeeze liquid from the leaf onto the refractometer's prism to test it.
2-3. Use an eyedropper to suck some juice up.
To easily extract a few drops of liquid from the plastic container, use a small eyedropper or pipette. Suck two to three drops (.1 to .15 ml) up into the pipette. It’s okay if you get more liquid, but you only need a little bit.
If you don’t have a dropper, stick a small stirrer straw into the liquid and place your thumb on the end to trap the liquid.
2-4. Place some drops of the liquid on the prism.
With the daylight plate open, squeeze two to three drops (.1 to .15 ml) of the liquid onto the angled glass piece of the prism. Close the daylight plate so that the liquid spreads evenly across the surface of the prism.
If the liquid doesn’t cover the prism, you may need to add more drops so there is enough to get an accurate measurement.
2-5. Look through the viewer and focus it.
Hold the refractometer horizontally in a bright light source. When you first look into it, the numbers may be blurry. Turn the eyepiece until the numbers come into focus.
Some models may not have a way to adjust the focus, and with these models the numbers should be clear as soon as you look into the viewer.
2-6. Take notice of where the line in the viewer falls.
The refractometer shows a set of lines with numbers on the edges, which correspond to a Brix number. The viewer also shows a distinct line, usually a split between blue or grey and white, which is the Brix number of the sample.
The Brix rating of the sample directly affects where the color changes. So the exact spot where the color changes is the Brix rating.
For example, your refractometer may measure up to 20 on the Brix scale. If the color changes from blue to white on the line marked 10, then 10 is the liquid's Brix rating.
2-7. Learn common Brix ratings for various plants.
Brix ratings give you an idea of the health of your plant, so it’s important to know what you are looking for. Jot down the number of your reading and check it against a chart of common plants and what a good Brix number is.
For example, a high quality apple rates around 18, while a high quality potato rates eight.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Zeroing an Optical Refractometer\\n1-1. Add a few drops of distilled water to the view plate.\\nBuy a jug of distilled water, or at least use a basic water filter to get clean water. Open the daylight plate, which is a hinged cover that closes over the angled prism. Use an eyedropper or pipette to drop a few drops onto the view plate.\\nIt’s important to use pure water that is clean and free of extra particles. If the water has particles in it you won’t be able to accurately calibrate the refractometer.\\nThe refractometer needs to be properly calibrated, or you'll get an incorrect reading when you perform a test.\\nA refractometer looks like a small monocular that fits in your hand. It has a view finder on 1 side and a view plate with a lid on the other.\\n1-2. Close the lid and let the water spread.\\nLower the daylight plate so that it lays flat against the view plate with the water pressed between the plates. The water will spread across the surface of the prism, allowing you to take a Brix measurement.\\nIt’s okay if some water spills out over the edges of the prism.\\n1-3. Hold the refractometer up to the light and look into it.\\nRefractometers require a bright light source to show you a reading. Stand outside in bright sunlight when conditions allow it. Otherwise, use the refractometer in a well-lit room. Stand directly under the light source for the best results.\\nSome refractometers are equipped with a light that shines onto the prism, so you don’t need another light source.\\n1-4. Focus the eyepiece, if necessary.\\nMost refractometers allow you to focus the eyepiece. When you look into it, you’ll see multiple lines and numbers. If those are blurry, twist the eyepiece until they come into focus.\\nNot all refractometers require you to focus them.\\n1-5. Adjust the zero setting with the knob or screw.\\nPure water reads at zero, so adjust it as necessary. Check your refractometer’s instructions to see how you adjust the zero setting. Turn the knob or screw until the reading line is exactly on the zero line.\\nYour refractometer may have a simple knob that adjusts the zero setting, or it may include a small tool that allows you to tighten or loosen a screw that adjusts the zero setting.\\nEven if it is off of the zero line by a small fraction, it will affect all other readings.\\n2. Testing Brix with an Optical Refractometer\\n2-1. Open the daylight plate and wipe the prism.\\nOpen the daylight plate to reveal the glass prism. Use a clean, dry cloth with soft fibers to wipe any dust or residue off of the prism. The type of microfiber cloth you’d use to clean eyeglasses is ideal for wiping the lens off.\\nDon’t use your shirt, or another rough cloth, because you will scratch the glass.\\nA refractometer measures the particles present in a liquid, so if you don’t wipe the lens off first you’ll skew the measurement.\\nAfter wiping the lens off, use a can of compressed air to blow off any fibers that might be left behind. You can get these cans at office supply stores.\\n2-2. Squeeze out some juice from the fruit or vegetable.\\nYou get the best Brix reading from the part of the plant you eat. Only use a leaf if there is no fruit yet. Use a pair of pliers or your fingers to squeeze some of the fruit juice into a small, clean plastic container, like a measuring cup.\\nTo avoid a mess, don’t squeeze the juice directly onto the refractometer. It works best to get a sample from the plant and then add a few drops of that to the refractometer.\\nIf you use a leaf instead of a piece of fruit, pull it from the plant and fold it a few times. Use a pair of pliers to squeeze liquid from the leaf onto the refractometer's prism to test it.\\n2-3. Use an eyedropper to suck some juice up.\\nTo easily extract a few drops of liquid from the plastic container, use a small eyedropper or pipette. Suck two to three drops (.1 to .15 ml) up into the pipette. It’s okay if you get more liquid, but you only need a little bit.\\nIf you don’t have a dropper, stick a small stirrer straw into the liquid and place your thumb on the end to trap the liquid.\\n2-4. Place some drops of the liquid on the prism.\\nWith the daylight plate open, squeeze two to three drops (.1 to .15 ml) of the liquid onto the angled glass piece of the prism. Close the daylight plate so that the liquid spreads evenly across the surface of the prism.\\nIf the liquid doesn’t cover the prism, you may need to add more drops so there is enough to get an accurate measurement.\\n2-5. Look through the viewer and focus it.\\nHold the refractometer horizontally in a bright light source. When you first look into it, the numbers may be blurry. Turn the eyepiece until the numbers come into focus.\\nSome models may not have a way to adjust the focus, and with these models the numbers should be clear as soon as you look into the viewer.\\n2-6. Take notice of where the line in the viewer falls.\\nThe refractometer shows a set of lines with numbers on the edges, which correspond to a Brix number. The viewer also shows a distinct line, usually a split between blue or grey and white, which is the Brix number of the sample.\\nThe Brix rating of the sample directly affects where the color changes. So the exact spot where the color changes is the Brix rating.\\nFor example, your refractometer may measure up to 20 on the Brix scale. If the color changes from blue to white on the line marked 10, then 10 is the liquid's Brix rating.\\n2-7. Learn common Brix ratings for various plants.\\nBrix ratings give you an idea of the health of your plant, so it’s important to know what you are looking for. Jot down the number of your reading and check it against a chart of common plants and what a good Brix number is. \\nFor example, a high quality apple rates around 18, while a high quality potato rates eight.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A Brix test essentially measures the amount of solid matter in a liquid sample. This is especially important with fruits that will be used to make alcohol because a brix test gives a good idea of the potential alcohol content. The simplest way to Brix test is to use an optical refractometer, which is portable, easy to use, and gives you a reading quickly. A few drops of juice are placed on a prism and a Brix measurement is obtained.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Zeroing an Optical Refractometer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Add a few drops of distilled water to the view plate.\", \"描述\": \"Buy a jug of distilled water, or at least use a basic water filter to get clean water. Open the daylight plate, which is a hinged cover that closes over the angled prism. Use an eyedropper or pipette to drop a few drops onto the view plate.\\nIt’s important to use pure water that is clean and free of extra particles. If the water has particles in it you won’t be able to accurately calibrate the refractometer.\\nThe refractometer needs to be properly calibrated, or you'll get an incorrect reading when you perform a test.\\nA refractometer looks like a small monocular that fits in your hand. It has a view finder on 1 side and a view plate with a lid on the other.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Close the lid and let the water spread.\", \"描述\": \"Lower the daylight plate so that it lays flat against the view plate with the water pressed between the plates. The water will spread across the surface of the prism, allowing you to take a Brix measurement.\\nIt’s okay if some water spills out over the edges of the prism.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hold the refractometer up to the light and look into it.\", \"描述\": \"Refractometers require a bright light source to show you a reading. Stand outside in bright sunlight when conditions allow it. Otherwise, use the refractometer in a well-lit room. Stand directly under the light source for the best results.\\nSome refractometers are equipped with a light that shines onto the prism, so you don’t need another light source.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Focus the eyepiece, if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"Most refractometers allow you to focus the eyepiece. When you look into it, you’ll see multiple lines and numbers. If those are blurry, twist the eyepiece until they come into focus.\\nNot all refractometers require you to focus them.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Adjust the zero setting with the knob or screw.\", \"描述\": \"Pure water reads at zero, so adjust it as necessary. Check your refractometer’s instructions to see how you adjust the zero setting. Turn the knob or screw until the reading line is exactly on the zero line.\\nYour refractometer may have a simple knob that adjusts the zero setting, or it may include a small tool that allows you to tighten or loosen a screw that adjusts the zero setting.\\nEven if it is off of the zero line by a small fraction, it will affect all other readings.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Testing Brix with an Optical Refractometer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open the daylight plate and wipe the prism.\", \"描述\": \"Open the daylight plate to reveal the glass prism. Use a clean, dry cloth with soft fibers to wipe any dust or residue off of the prism. The type of microfiber cloth you’d use to clean eyeglasses is ideal for wiping the lens off.\\nDon’t use your shirt, or another rough cloth, because you will scratch the glass.\\nA refractometer measures the particles present in a liquid, so if you don’t wipe the lens off first you’ll skew the measurement.\\nAfter wiping the lens off, use a can of compressed air to blow off any fibers that might be left behind. You can get these cans at office supply stores.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Squeeze out some juice from the fruit or vegetable.\", \"描述\": \"You get the best Brix reading from the part of the plant you eat. Only use a leaf if there is no fruit yet. Use a pair of pliers or your fingers to squeeze some of the fruit juice into a small, clean plastic container, like a measuring cup.\\nTo avoid a mess, don’t squeeze the juice directly onto the refractometer. It works best to get a sample from the plant and then add a few drops of that to the refractometer.\\nIf you use a leaf instead of a piece of fruit, pull it from the plant and fold it a few times. Use a pair of pliers to squeeze liquid from the leaf onto the refractometer's prism to test it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use an eyedropper to suck some juice up.\", \"描述\": \"To easily extract a few drops of liquid from the plastic container, use a small eyedropper or pipette. Suck two to three drops (.1 to .15 ml) up into the pipette. It’s okay if you get more liquid, but you only need a little bit.\\nIf you don’t have a dropper, stick a small stirrer straw into the liquid and place your thumb on the end to trap the liquid.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Place some drops of the liquid on the prism.\", \"描述\": \"With the daylight plate open, squeeze two to three drops (.1 to .15 ml) of the liquid onto the angled glass piece of the prism. Close the daylight plate so that the liquid spreads evenly across the surface of the prism.\\nIf the liquid doesn’t cover the prism, you may need to add more drops so there is enough to get an accurate measurement.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Look through the viewer and focus it.\", \"描述\": \"Hold the refractometer horizontally in a bright light source. When you first look into it, the numbers may be blurry. Turn the eyepiece until the numbers come into focus.\\nSome models may not have a way to adjust the focus, and with these models the numbers should be clear as soon as you look into the viewer.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take notice of where the line in the viewer falls.\", \"描述\": \"The refractometer shows a set of lines with numbers on the edges, which correspond to a Brix number. The viewer also shows a distinct line, usually a split between blue or grey and white, which is the Brix number of the sample.\\nThe Brix rating of the sample directly affects where the color changes. So the exact spot where the color changes is the Brix rating.\\nFor example, your refractometer may measure up to 20 on the Brix scale. If the color changes from blue to white on the line marked 10, then 10 is the liquid's Brix rating.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Learn common Brix ratings for various plants.\", \"描述\": \"Brix ratings give you an idea of the health of your plant, so it’s important to know what you are looking for. Jot down the number of your reading and check it against a chart of common plants and what a good Brix number is. \\nFor example, a high quality apple rates around 18, while a high quality potato rates eight.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,032 |
How to Broadcast Radio from Your Computer
|
1. Steps
1-1. Determine who your intended audience is.
If you are in the USA, the FCC has explicit rules that govern how much power you can use to get your message out.
1-2. If broadcasting to your home stereo or a backyard boombox is what you seek, purchase an MP3 FM radio transmitter.
1-3. Plug the MP3 FM radio transmitter into a speaker or headphone jack on your computer.
1-4. Load a playlist into Windows Media Player or another media player application and click play.
1-5. Go enjoy your tunes.
2. Use a PCI card
2-1. Purchase an FM transmitter that plugs into a PCI slot in your personal computer.
2-2. Connect the jumper cable from the speaker out/headphone jack on your PC sound card to the audio input on the transmitter.
2-3. Load the included software.
2-4. Pick an empty frequency to transmit on.
2-5. Load your favorite playlist into a media player software and click play.
2-6. Go enjoy your tunes.
Tips
Enable your microphone for playback by unchecking the mute check box on your PC soundcard mixer <- This will let you announce songs.
Use Skype to conduct telephone call-ins over-the-air
Accept song requests by email from friends and neighbors
Warnings
In the USA, you need a license to legally use an FM transmitter that doesn't comply with part 15 rules. The two methods above are legal to use, but there are stronger transmitters for sale that are not legal in the USA without a license. Not heeding this advice can be costly.
See https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/lpfm for details regarding pursuing a Low Power FM license.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:50",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Determine who your intended audience is.\\nIf you are in the USA, the FCC has explicit rules that govern how much power you can use to get your message out.\\n1-2. If broadcasting to your home stereo or a backyard boombox is what you seek, purchase an MP3 FM radio transmitter.\\n\\n1-3. Plug the MP3 FM radio transmitter into a speaker or headphone jack on your computer.\\n\\n1-4. Load a playlist into Windows Media Player or another media player application and click play.\\n\\n1-5. Go enjoy your tunes.\\n\\n2. Use a PCI card\\n2-1. Purchase an FM transmitter that plugs into a PCI slot in your personal computer.\\n\\n2-2. Connect the jumper cable from the speaker out/headphone jack on your PC sound card to the audio input on the transmitter.\\n\\n2-3. Load the included software.\\n\\n2-4. Pick an empty frequency to transmit on.\\n\\n2-5. Load your favorite playlist into a media player software and click play.\\n\\n2-6. Go enjoy your tunes.\\n\\nTips\\nEnable your microphone for playback by unchecking the mute check box on your PC soundcard mixer <- This will let you announce songs.\\nUse Skype to conduct telephone call-ins over-the-air\\nAccept song requests by email from friends and neighbors\\nWarnings\\nIn the USA, you need a license to legally use an FM transmitter that doesn't comply with part 15 rules. The two methods above are legal to use, but there are stronger transmitters for sale that are not legal in the USA without a license. Not heeding this advice can be costly.\\nSee https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/lpfm for details regarding pursuing a Low Power FM license.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Broadcasting FM radio from your computer can be very simple or very costly. I am going to show you two low cost options to get your tunes out of your computer and on to your FM radio.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine who your intended audience is.\", \"描述\": \"If you are in the USA, the FCC has explicit rules that govern how much power you can use to get your message out.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"If broadcasting to your home stereo or a backyard boombox is what you seek, purchase an MP3 FM radio transmitter.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Plug the MP3 FM radio transmitter into a speaker or headphone jack on your computer.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Load a playlist into Windows Media Player or another media player application and click play.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Go enjoy your tunes.\", \"描述\": \"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use a PCI card\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Purchase an FM transmitter that plugs into a PCI slot in your personal computer.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Connect the jumper cable from the speaker out/headphone jack on your PC sound card to the audio input on the transmitter.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Load the included software.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pick an empty frequency to transmit on.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Load your favorite playlist into a media player software and click play.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Go enjoy your tunes.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Enable your microphone for playback by unchecking the mute check box on your PC soundcard mixer <- This will let you announce songs.\\n\", \"Use Skype to conduct telephone call-ins over-the-air\\n\", \"Accept song requests by email from friends and neighbors\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"In the USA, you need a license to legally use an FM transmitter that doesn't comply with part 15 rules. The two methods above are legal to use, but there are stronger transmitters for sale that are not legal in the USA without a license. Not heeding this advice can be costly.\\n\", \"See https://www.fcc.gov/media/radio/lpfm for details regarding pursuing a Low Power FM license.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,033 |
How to Broast Chicken
|
1. Prepare the Mixes
1-1. Combine the Cajun spice blend seasonings.
Toss together the salt, garlic powder, paprika, black pepper, onion powder, cayenne pepper, oregano, thyme, and red pepper flakes in a small bowl. Stir them together until all the spices appear to be evenly distributed.
After mixing the spice blend, set aside 1 Tbsp (15 ml) for use in this recipe. Put the rest in a small, airtight container and store it in your pantry. It should last there for several months.
1-2. Combine the coating mix ingredients.
In a medium bowl, whisk or stir together the flour, salt, pepper, thyme, tarragon, ginger, ground mustard, garlic salt, and oregano until the ingredients appear to be evenly distributed.
You should have just enough coating mix for this recipe, so you should not need to save any. If you choose to make a double batch, however, take what you need for this recipe and save the rest in an airtight container. It should last in your pantry for a few months, as well.
2. Prepare and Divide the Chicken
2-1. Clean the chicken.
Rinse the chicken under cool running water and pat it dry with clean paper towels.
2-2. Cut the legs off the chicken.
Twist the legs out of their joints and-and cut them away from the body of the chicken.
Extend one leg as far away from the body as possible and cut through the skin to reveal the inner meat.
Bend the leg back until the ball joint pops out of the socket.
Cut the leg off from the body, slicing through the joint as close to the backbone as possible.
Repeat this process with the other leg.
2-3. Separate the drumstick and thigh.
Look for the line of fat lying in between the drumstick and thigh portion of one leg. Cut along this line to separate the two portions.
Repeat this step with the other leg.
Note that this line of fat marks the location of the joint, and it is the joint itself that you need to cut through.
2-4. Remove the inedible portions.
Cut through the ribs and collarbone on both sides of the body of the chicken using sharp, clean poultry shears. Pull away the back and the neck when finished.
You should be able to remove the back and neck in one piece.
These portions are usually discarded, but you can also save them for use in chicken stock. Place them in a sealed bag or container and refrigerate for up to 3 or 4 days.
2-5. Loosen the breast meat.
Cut and twist the breast meat away from the remaining bone.
Turn the chicken so that it lies with the breast skin facing down.
Draw your knife through the breast, splitting it from the neck end to the breast bone. Score down the length of the breastbone, as well.
Place your thumbs on either side of the breastbone and bend the breast portion of the chicken back until the top of the bone starts peeking out. Loosen the bone with your fingers and pull it out.
Split the rest of the breast meat in half using your knife. Make the cut along the mark left by the breast bone.
2-6. Trim off the wings.
Cut off one wing at the joint nearest the breast meat, then separate the wing into two pieces by cutting in between the second wing joint.
Repeat this with the second wing.
You should leave some of the breast meat attached when separating the wing from the body of the chicken.
2-7. Quarter the chicken breast.
Cut one side of the chicken breast in half, getting two pieces. Repeat with the other side of the chicken breast.
The pieces you cut away should be as equal in size as possible.
2-8. Soak the chicken pieces in salt water for 60 minutes.
Pour 4 cups (1 L) of water into a large bowl and add 1/4 cup (60 ml) salt. Stir to combine, then place the chicken pieces in the water and allow them to soak for 60 minutes.
Do not drain the chicken. You will remove it and add it directly to the coating mix when the times comes instead of letting the chicken dry first.
3. Broast the Chicken
3-1. Heat oil in the pressure cooker.
Pour the canola oil into the pressure cooker and set the pressure cooker on the stove. Heat the oil on high until it reaches a temperature of 375 degrees Fahrenheit (190 degrees Celsius).
Make sure that your pressure cooker can be used on the stove. It should have a flat bottom, rather than sitting on elevated feet. Most pressure cookers are made from metals that are safe to use on the stove, but you should check the instructions that came with the pressure cooker to verify that stovetop use will not damage it.
3-2. Combine the seasonings.
In a large bowl, combine the baking powder, 1 Tbsp (15 ml) Cajun seasoning, 1 cup (250 ml) frying mix, the cornstarch, the pepper, and the salt, whisking until everything appears to be evenly combined.
3-3. Add water to form a batter.
Slowly pour up to 1/2 cup (125 ml) of water into the dry batter ingredients, whisking continuously. Stop adding water once you have a thin, smooth batter.
You may not need the full 1/2 cup (125 ml), so it is important that you add the water slowly. The batter should be thin, but if it becomes too watery, it may not adhere to the chicken.
3-4. Coat the chicken.
Remove a piece of chicken from the salt water using tongs and toss it directly into the batter. Use your tongs to turn the chicken in the batter until all sides are coated. Repeat this as needed, working with one piece of chicken at a time, until all the chicken has been coated.
Hold each piece of chicken over the bowl of salt water for a few seconds to allow the excess water to drip off. You need the skin to be moist, but it should not be dripping wet.
It is best to drop the chicken directly into the hot oil after coating it. If you place the chicken on a plate beforehand, some of the coating might wipe away.
3-5. Deep-fry the chicken for 2 to 3 minutes.
Place the pieces of chicken in the hot oil, cooking a few at a time. Fry each piece for 2 to 3 minutes or until the coating becomes crisp and lightly golden.
Remove the finished pieces of chicken from the hot oil using tongs and transfer them to a plate lined with several layers of clean paper towel. All pieces should be on this plate before you move onto the next step.
3-6. Drain most of the oil.
After frying the chicken, pour off all but 1/4 cup (60 ml) of the oil. Add 1/4 cup (60 ml) of water to the pressure cooker, as well, before continuing on.
You should avoid using more than 1/4 cup (60 ml) of oil in your pressure cooker while the pressure cooking function is active. Oil and other fats rise to a much higher temperature than water and water-based liquids, and when heated in a pressure cooker, the oil could overheat and cause burns.
Make sure the water is warm to hot when you add it to the hot oil. Adding cold water could produce steam and cause the oil to splatter.
It is strongly recommended that you wear oven mitts when you do this step to avoid burning yourself on the oil or the hot pressure cooker.
3-7. Cover and cook for 10 to 12 minutes.
Put the chicken back in the pressure cooker. Tightly secure the lid onto the pressure cooker and cook the chicken inside for another 10 to 12 minutes, or until it is no longer pink in the middle.
Make sure that the pressure cooker trivet or rack is in place before you return the chicken to the basin and cover it.
Consult the manufacturer's instructions to determine how to engage the pressure regulator.
The pressure should usually be set to 15 lb (6.8 kg). Consult the instructions for brand-specific guidelines on pressure.
Do not attempt to open the pressure cooker during the cooking process.
3-8. Remove the lid.
Pull up the pressure valve and allow the vapor to completely escape before unlatching and removing the lid.
You must allow the vapor to escape before you open the lid. If you open the lid too quickly, you could actually burn yourself on the burst of steam that will rush out.
3-9. Drain the chicken.
Remove the chicken with tongs and transfer the pieces to another plate lined in fresh paper towels. Allow the excess oil to drain off for about five minutes.
During this time, you are also allowing the chicken to cool slightly. While you'll want this chicken to be hot when you eat it, the internal temperatures will usually be a little too hot when you initially pull the chicken out of the pressure cooker.
3-10. Serve hot.
You should enjoy the chicken while it is still freshly cooked and warm.
The chicken can be saved, but it can become soggy when you reheat it, so it is best eaten when freshly cooked.
If you do choose to save the chicken, place it in an airtight container and refrigerate it for up to 4 or 5 days.
Tips
As noted earlier, you cannot make real broasted chicken at home. If you want to try real broasted chicken, you should look for a restaurant that serves it.
To save time, consider using a commercially prepared Cajun spice blend or coating mix instead of preparing homemade versions.
Warnings
Always read the manufacturer's instructions for your pressure cooker before using it. Pay special attention to details concerning the used oil and minimum recommended amount of water. If any of the manufacturer's instructions conflict with the instructions provided in this article, follow the manufacturer's instructions instead.
Avoid using more than 1/4 cup (60 ml) of cooking oil or cooking fat in any pressure cooker. Using more oil can cause fires, burns, and other dangerous kitchen accidents.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Prepare the Mixes\\n1-1. Combine the Cajun spice blend seasonings.\\nToss together the salt, garlic powder, paprika, black pepper, onion powder, cayenne pepper, oregano, thyme, and red pepper flakes in a small bowl. Stir them together until all the spices appear to be evenly distributed.\\nAfter mixing the spice blend, set aside 1 Tbsp (15 ml) for use in this recipe. Put the rest in a small, airtight container and store it in your pantry. It should last there for several months.\\n1-2. Combine the coating mix ingredients.\\nIn a medium bowl, whisk or stir together the flour, salt, pepper, thyme, tarragon, ginger, ground mustard, garlic salt, and oregano until the ingredients appear to be evenly distributed.\\nYou should have just enough coating mix for this recipe, so you should not need to save any. If you choose to make a double batch, however, take what you need for this recipe and save the rest in an airtight container. It should last in your pantry for a few months, as well.\\n2. Prepare and Divide the Chicken\\n2-1. Clean the chicken.\\nRinse the chicken under cool running water and pat it dry with clean paper towels.\\n2-2. Cut the legs off the chicken.\\nTwist the legs out of their joints and-and cut them away from the body of the chicken.\\nExtend one leg as far away from the body as possible and cut through the skin to reveal the inner meat.\\nBend the leg back until the ball joint pops out of the socket.\\nCut the leg off from the body, slicing through the joint as close to the backbone as possible.\\nRepeat this process with the other leg.\\n2-3. Separate the drumstick and thigh.\\nLook for the line of fat lying in between the drumstick and thigh portion of one leg. Cut along this line to separate the two portions.\\nRepeat this step with the other leg.\\nNote that this line of fat marks the location of the joint, and it is the joint itself that you need to cut through.\\n2-4. Remove the inedible portions.\\nCut through the ribs and collarbone on both sides of the body of the chicken using sharp, clean poultry shears. Pull away the back and the neck when finished.\\nYou should be able to remove the back and neck in one piece.\\nThese portions are usually discarded, but you can also save them for use in chicken stock. Place them in a sealed bag or container and refrigerate for up to 3 or 4 days.\\n2-5. Loosen the breast meat.\\nCut and twist the breast meat away from the remaining bone.\\nTurn the chicken so that it lies with the breast skin facing down.\\nDraw your knife through the breast, splitting it from the neck end to the breast bone. Score down the length of the breastbone, as well.\\nPlace your thumbs on either side of the breastbone and bend the breast portion of the chicken back until the top of the bone starts peeking out. Loosen the bone with your fingers and pull it out.\\nSplit the rest of the breast meat in half using your knife. Make the cut along the mark left by the breast bone.\\n2-6. Trim off the wings.\\nCut off one wing at the joint nearest the breast meat, then separate the wing into two pieces by cutting in between the second wing joint.\\nRepeat this with the second wing.\\nYou should leave some of the breast meat attached when separating the wing from the body of the chicken.\\n2-7. Quarter the chicken breast.\\nCut one side of the chicken breast in half, getting two pieces. Repeat with the other side of the chicken breast.\\nThe pieces you cut away should be as equal in size as possible.\\n2-8. Soak the chicken pieces in salt water for 60 minutes.\\nPour 4 cups (1 L) of water into a large bowl and add 1/4 cup (60 ml) salt. Stir to combine, then place the chicken pieces in the water and allow them to soak for 60 minutes.\\nDo not drain the chicken. You will remove it and add it directly to the coating mix when the times comes instead of letting the chicken dry first.\\n3. Broast the Chicken\\n3-1. Heat oil in the pressure cooker.\\nPour the canola oil into the pressure cooker and set the pressure cooker on the stove. Heat the oil on high until it reaches a temperature of 375 degrees Fahrenheit (190 degrees Celsius).\\nMake sure that your pressure cooker can be used on the stove. It should have a flat bottom, rather than sitting on elevated feet. Most pressure cookers are made from metals that are safe to use on the stove, but you should check the instructions that came with the pressure cooker to verify that stovetop use will not damage it.\\n3-2. Combine the seasonings.\\nIn a large bowl, combine the baking powder, 1 Tbsp (15 ml) Cajun seasoning, 1 cup (250 ml) frying mix, the cornstarch, the pepper, and the salt, whisking until everything appears to be evenly combined.\\n3-3. Add water to form a batter.\\nSlowly pour up to 1/2 cup (125 ml) of water into the dry batter ingredients, whisking continuously. Stop adding water once you have a thin, smooth batter.\\nYou may not need the full 1/2 cup (125 ml), so it is important that you add the water slowly. The batter should be thin, but if it becomes too watery, it may not adhere to the chicken.\\n3-4. Coat the chicken.\\nRemove a piece of chicken from the salt water using tongs and toss it directly into the batter. Use your tongs to turn the chicken in the batter until all sides are coated. Repeat this as needed, working with one piece of chicken at a time, until all the chicken has been coated.\\nHold each piece of chicken over the bowl of salt water for a few seconds to allow the excess water to drip off. You need the skin to be moist, but it should not be dripping wet.\\nIt is best to drop the chicken directly into the hot oil after coating it. If you place the chicken on a plate beforehand, some of the coating might wipe away.\\n3-5. Deep-fry the chicken for 2 to 3 minutes.\\nPlace the pieces of chicken in the hot oil, cooking a few at a time. Fry each piece for 2 to 3 minutes or until the coating becomes crisp and lightly golden.\\nRemove the finished pieces of chicken from the hot oil using tongs and transfer them to a plate lined with several layers of clean paper towel. All pieces should be on this plate before you move onto the next step.\\n3-6. Drain most of the oil.\\nAfter frying the chicken, pour off all but 1/4 cup (60 ml) of the oil. Add 1/4 cup (60 ml) of water to the pressure cooker, as well, before continuing on.\\nYou should avoid using more than 1/4 cup (60 ml) of oil in your pressure cooker while the pressure cooking function is active. Oil and other fats rise to a much higher temperature than water and water-based liquids, and when heated in a pressure cooker, the oil could overheat and cause burns.\\nMake sure the water is warm to hot when you add it to the hot oil. Adding cold water could produce steam and cause the oil to splatter.\\nIt is strongly recommended that you wear oven mitts when you do this step to avoid burning yourself on the oil or the hot pressure cooker.\\n3-7. Cover and cook for 10 to 12 minutes.\\nPut the chicken back in the pressure cooker. Tightly secure the lid onto the pressure cooker and cook the chicken inside for another 10 to 12 minutes, or until it is no longer pink in the middle.\\nMake sure that the pressure cooker trivet or rack is in place before you return the chicken to the basin and cover it.\\nConsult the manufacturer's instructions to determine how to engage the pressure regulator.\\nThe pressure should usually be set to 15 lb (6.8 kg). Consult the instructions for brand-specific guidelines on pressure.\\nDo not attempt to open the pressure cooker during the cooking process.\\n3-8. Remove the lid.\\nPull up the pressure valve and allow the vapor to completely escape before unlatching and removing the lid.\\nYou must allow the vapor to escape before you open the lid. If you open the lid too quickly, you could actually burn yourself on the burst of steam that will rush out.\\n3-9. Drain the chicken.\\nRemove the chicken with tongs and transfer the pieces to another plate lined in fresh paper towels. Allow the excess oil to drain off for about five minutes.\\nDuring this time, you are also allowing the chicken to cool slightly. While you'll want this chicken to be hot when you eat it, the internal temperatures will usually be a little too hot when you initially pull the chicken out of the pressure cooker.\\n3-10. Serve hot.\\nYou should enjoy the chicken while it is still freshly cooked and warm.\\nThe chicken can be saved, but it can become soggy when you reheat it, so it is best eaten when freshly cooked.\\nIf you do choose to save the chicken, place it in an airtight container and refrigerate it for up to 4 or 5 days.\\nTips\\nAs noted earlier, you cannot make real broasted chicken at home. If you want to try real broasted chicken, you should look for a restaurant that serves it.\\nTo save time, consider using a commercially prepared Cajun spice blend or coating mix instead of preparing homemade versions.\\nWarnings\\nAlways read the manufacturer's instructions for your pressure cooker before using it. Pay special attention to details concerning the used oil and minimum recommended amount of water. If any of the manufacturer's instructions conflict with the instructions provided in this article, follow the manufacturer's instructions instead.\\nAvoid using more than 1/4 cup (60 ml) of cooking oil or cooking fat in any pressure cooker. Using more oil can cause fires, burns, and other dangerous kitchen accidents.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Strictly speaking, there's no way to make legitimate broasted chicken at home. \\\"Broasted\\\" and \\\"Broaster\\\" are registered trademarks of the Broaster Company of Beloit, Wisconsin. The seasonings and equipment involved are sold to restaurants but not sold to home cooks. That said, you can mimic the technique at home and manage to produce something fairly similar.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepare the Mixes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Combine the Cajun spice blend seasonings.\", \"描述\": \"Toss together the salt, garlic powder, paprika, black pepper, onion powder, cayenne pepper, oregano, thyme, and red pepper flakes in a small bowl. Stir them together until all the spices appear to be evenly distributed.\\nAfter mixing the spice blend, set aside 1 Tbsp (15 ml) for use in this recipe. Put the rest in a small, airtight container and store it in your pantry. It should last there for several months.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Combine the coating mix ingredients.\", \"描述\": \"In a medium bowl, whisk or stir together the flour, salt, pepper, thyme, tarragon, ginger, ground mustard, garlic salt, and oregano until the ingredients appear to be evenly distributed.\\nYou should have just enough coating mix for this recipe, so you should not need to save any. If you choose to make a double batch, however, take what you need for this recipe and save the rest in an airtight container. It should last in your pantry for a few months, as well.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare and Divide the Chicken\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Clean the chicken.\", \"描述\": \"Rinse the chicken under cool running water and pat it dry with clean paper towels.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cut the legs off the chicken.\", \"描述\": \"Twist the legs out of their joints and-and cut them away from the body of the chicken.\\nExtend one leg as far away from the body as possible and cut through the skin to reveal the inner meat.\\nBend the leg back until the ball joint pops out of the socket.\\nCut the leg off from the body, slicing through the joint as close to the backbone as possible.\\nRepeat this process with the other leg.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Separate the drumstick and thigh.\", \"描述\": \"Look for the line of fat lying in between the drumstick and thigh portion of one leg. Cut along this line to separate the two portions.\\nRepeat this step with the other leg.\\nNote that this line of fat marks the location of the joint, and it is the joint itself that you need to cut through.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Remove the inedible portions.\", \"描述\": \"Cut through the ribs and collarbone on both sides of the body of the chicken using sharp, clean poultry shears. Pull away the back and the neck when finished.\\nYou should be able to remove the back and neck in one piece.\\nThese portions are usually discarded, but you can also save them for use in chicken stock. Place them in a sealed bag or container and refrigerate for up to 3 or 4 days.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Loosen the breast meat.\", \"描述\": \"Cut and twist the breast meat away from the remaining bone.\\nTurn the chicken so that it lies with the breast skin facing down.\\nDraw your knife through the breast, splitting it from the neck end to the breast bone. Score down the length of the breastbone, as well.\\nPlace your thumbs on either side of the breastbone and bend the breast portion of the chicken back until the top of the bone starts peeking out. Loosen the bone with your fingers and pull it out.\\nSplit the rest of the breast meat in half using your knife. Make the cut along the mark left by the breast bone.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Trim off the wings.\", \"描述\": \"Cut off one wing at the joint nearest the breast meat, then separate the wing into two pieces by cutting in between the second wing joint.\\nRepeat this with the second wing.\\nYou should leave some of the breast meat attached when separating the wing from the body of the chicken.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Quarter the chicken breast.\", \"描述\": \"Cut one side of the chicken breast in half, getting two pieces. Repeat with the other side of the chicken breast.\\nThe pieces you cut away should be as equal in size as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Soak the chicken pieces in salt water for 60 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Pour 4 cups (1 L) of water into a large bowl and add 1/4 cup (60 ml) salt. Stir to combine, then place the chicken pieces in the water and allow them to soak for 60 minutes.\\nDo not drain the chicken. You will remove it and add it directly to the coating mix when the times comes instead of letting the chicken dry first.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Broast the Chicken\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Heat oil in the pressure cooker.\", \"描述\": \"Pour the canola oil into the pressure cooker and set the pressure cooker on the stove. Heat the oil on high until it reaches a temperature of 375 degrees Fahrenheit (190 degrees Celsius).\\nMake sure that your pressure cooker can be used on the stove. It should have a flat bottom, rather than sitting on elevated feet. Most pressure cookers are made from metals that are safe to use on the stove, but you should check the instructions that came with the pressure cooker to verify that stovetop use will not damage it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Combine the seasonings.\", \"描述\": \"In a large bowl, combine the baking powder, 1 Tbsp (15 ml) Cajun seasoning, 1 cup (250 ml) frying mix, the cornstarch, the pepper, and the salt, whisking until everything appears to be evenly combined.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add water to form a batter.\", \"描述\": \"Slowly pour up to 1/2 cup (125 ml) of water into the dry batter ingredients, whisking continuously. Stop adding water once you have a thin, smooth batter.\\nYou may not need the full 1/2 cup (125 ml), so it is important that you add the water slowly. The batter should be thin, but if it becomes too watery, it may not adhere to the chicken.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Coat the chicken.\", \"描述\": \"Remove a piece of chicken from the salt water using tongs and toss it directly into the batter. Use your tongs to turn the chicken in the batter until all sides are coated. Repeat this as needed, working with one piece of chicken at a time, until all the chicken has been coated.\\nHold each piece of chicken over the bowl of salt water for a few seconds to allow the excess water to drip off. You need the skin to be moist, but it should not be dripping wet.\\nIt is best to drop the chicken directly into the hot oil after coating it. If you place the chicken on a plate beforehand, some of the coating might wipe away.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Deep-fry the chicken for 2 to 3 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Place the pieces of chicken in the hot oil, cooking a few at a time. Fry each piece for 2 to 3 minutes or until the coating becomes crisp and lightly golden.\\nRemove the finished pieces of chicken from the hot oil using tongs and transfer them to a plate lined with several layers of clean paper towel. All pieces should be on this plate before you move onto the next step.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Drain most of the oil.\", \"描述\": \"After frying the chicken, pour off all but 1/4 cup (60 ml) of the oil. Add 1/4 cup (60 ml) of water to the pressure cooker, as well, before continuing on.\\nYou should avoid using more than 1/4 cup (60 ml) of oil in your pressure cooker while the pressure cooking function is active. Oil and other fats rise to a much higher temperature than water and water-based liquids, and when heated in a pressure cooker, the oil could overheat and cause burns.\\nMake sure the water is warm to hot when you add it to the hot oil. Adding cold water could produce steam and cause the oil to splatter.\\nIt is strongly recommended that you wear oven mitts when you do this step to avoid burning yourself on the oil or the hot pressure cooker.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Cover and cook for 10 to 12 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Put the chicken back in the pressure cooker. Tightly secure the lid onto the pressure cooker and cook the chicken inside for another 10 to 12 minutes, or until it is no longer pink in the middle.\\nMake sure that the pressure cooker trivet or rack is in place before you return the chicken to the basin and cover it.\\nConsult the manufacturer's instructions to determine how to engage the pressure regulator.\\nThe pressure should usually be set to 15 lb (6.8 kg). Consult the instructions for brand-specific guidelines on pressure.\\nDo not attempt to open the pressure cooker during the cooking process.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Remove the lid.\", \"描述\": \"Pull up the pressure valve and allow the vapor to completely escape before unlatching and removing the lid.\\nYou must allow the vapor to escape before you open the lid. If you open the lid too quickly, you could actually burn yourself on the burst of steam that will rush out.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Drain the chicken.\", \"描述\": \"Remove the chicken with tongs and transfer the pieces to another plate lined in fresh paper towels. Allow the excess oil to drain off for about five minutes.\\nDuring this time, you are also allowing the chicken to cool slightly. While you'll want this chicken to be hot when you eat it, the internal temperatures will usually be a little too hot when you initially pull the chicken out of the pressure cooker.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Serve hot.\", \"描述\": \"You should enjoy the chicken while it is still freshly cooked and warm.\\nThe chicken can be saved, but it can become soggy when you reheat it, so it is best eaten when freshly cooked.\\nIf you do choose to save the chicken, place it in an airtight container and refrigerate it for up to 4 or 5 days.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"As noted earlier, you cannot make real broasted chicken at home. If you want to try real broasted chicken, you should look for a restaurant that serves it.\\n\", \"To save time, consider using a commercially prepared Cajun spice blend or coating mix instead of preparing homemade versions.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Always read the manufacturer's instructions for your pressure cooker before using it. Pay special attention to details concerning the used oil and minimum recommended amount of water. If any of the manufacturer's instructions conflict with the instructions provided in this article, follow the manufacturer's instructions instead.\\n\", \"Avoid using more than 1/4 cup (60 ml) of cooking oil or cooking fat in any pressure cooker. Using more oil can cause fires, burns, and other dangerous kitchen accidents.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,034 |
How to Broast Potatoes
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1. Setting Up a Frying Station and Preparing the Potatoes
1-1. Heat oil in a deep skillet.
Set a skillet with high sides on your stove top. Pour enough frying oil into the skillet so you only have 2-inches (5 cm) of space above the top of the oil. Turn the heat to medium-high. If you're using a thermometer, attach it to the side.
You can use your favorite frying oil, shortening, lard or rendered animal fat. Avoid using olive oil or extra-virgin olive oil because it will burn.
1-2. Set up a draining rack.
Place a baking sheet next to your stove top and put a metal wire rack or draining rack on the sheet. Ensure that there's at least 1-inch (2.5 cm) of space between the rack and the sheet.
You'll be able to drain the broasted potatoes on the rack which will help keep them crispy.
1-3. Peel and slice the potatoes.
Get out 1/2 to 1 pound (225 g to 450 g) of Russet potatoes, but do not wash them. Instead, use a vegetable peeler to peel the potatoes. Use a paper towel to wipe the potatoes off. Carefully slice the potatoes into thick slices about 1/2-inch (12 mm) wide.
The slices should be the size of large French fries or wedges.
You want to avoid getting the potatoes wet because moisture will prevent the potatoes from crisping up.
1-4. Combine brine in a pressure cooker bowl.
Pour 1 cup (240 ml) of cold water into the bowl of your electric pressure cooker. Add 1 teaspoon of coarse kosher salt and ¼ teaspoon of baking soda. Stir the brine to dissolve the salt and baking powder.
1-5. Arrange the potatoes in a steamer in the pressure cooker.
Put a trivet or vegetable steamer basket into the bottom of the pressure cooker with the brine. Lay the sliced potatoes in the steamer so they're in an even, single layer. Avoid overcrowding the steamer basket or the potatoes won't become crispy.
You can always make more broasted potatoes in batches.
2. Pressure-Cooking and Frying the Potatoes
2-1. Pressure cook the potatoes for 2 minutes.
Put the lid on your pressure cooker and seal it shut. Turn the pressure cooker onto HIGH pressure. This should be 10 PSI. Cook the potatoes for 2 minutes.
If you're using a stove top pressure cooker, just cook the potatoes for one minute.
2-2. Release the pressure and remove the potatoes.
Leave the pot on your pressure cooker and release the pressure according to the instructions that came with your pot. When the pressure is removed, take off the lid. Use 12-inch (30 cm) tongs to carefully lift the steamer with the potatoes. Set this on your work space. Throw away any potatoes that fell into the water.
If you don't have tongs, you can use a thick oven mitt to pull the steamer basket out by the center prong.
2-3. Blot the potatoes dry and check the oil.
Take a paper towel and dab away any moisture on the potatoes. The potatoes should feel a little sticky once you've finished drying them. Check the temperature of the oil in your skillet. Once, it's at 350 degrees F (175 C), you can fry the potatoes.
Avoid over handling or wiping the potatoes. Doing so can wipe away starch that helps the potatoes crisp up.
2-4. Arrange the potatoes in the oil.
Use tongs to place the potatoes in the skillet with oil. They should be in a single layer and there should be space between the potatoes. If you need to, you can fry the potatoes in batches.
If you overcrowd the skillet, the potatoes might become soggy.
2-5. Fry the potatoes for 2 to 3 minutes.
Fry the potatoes in the hot oil for about a minute so the bottom side becomes brown. Use the long tongs to carefully turn the potatoes over and fry them for about one more minute or until they're golden brown all over.
2-6. Drain and season the broasted potatoes.
Carefully lift the potatoes out of the skillet and place them on the metal rack on the baking sheet. Sprinkle the potatoes with salt according to your taste. You can also season the potatoes with your favorite herbs or spices. Serve the broasted potatoes while they're hot.
Consider squeezing fresh lemon over the potatoes and sprinkling them with chopped fresh parsley for a burst of flavor.
2-7. Finished.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Setting Up a Frying Station and Preparing the Potatoes\\n1-1. Heat oil in a deep skillet.\\nSet a skillet with high sides on your stove top. Pour enough frying oil into the skillet so you only have 2-inches (5 cm) of space above the top of the oil. Turn the heat to medium-high. If you're using a thermometer, attach it to the side.\\nYou can use your favorite frying oil, shortening, lard or rendered animal fat. Avoid using olive oil or extra-virgin olive oil because it will burn.\\n1-2. Set up a draining rack.\\nPlace a baking sheet next to your stove top and put a metal wire rack or draining rack on the sheet. Ensure that there's at least 1-inch (2.5 cm) of space between the rack and the sheet.\\nYou'll be able to drain the broasted potatoes on the rack which will help keep them crispy.\\n1-3. Peel and slice the potatoes.\\nGet out 1/2 to 1 pound (225 g to 450 g) of Russet potatoes, but do not wash them. Instead, use a vegetable peeler to peel the potatoes. Use a paper towel to wipe the potatoes off. Carefully slice the potatoes into thick slices about 1/2-inch (12 mm) wide.\\nThe slices should be the size of large French fries or wedges.\\nYou want to avoid getting the potatoes wet because moisture will prevent the potatoes from crisping up.\\n1-4. Combine brine in a pressure cooker bowl.\\nPour 1 cup (240 ml) of cold water into the bowl of your electric pressure cooker. Add 1 teaspoon of coarse kosher salt and ¼ teaspoon of baking soda. Stir the brine to dissolve the salt and baking powder.\\n1-5. Arrange the potatoes in a steamer in the pressure cooker.\\nPut a trivet or vegetable steamer basket into the bottom of the pressure cooker with the brine. Lay the sliced potatoes in the steamer so they're in an even, single layer. Avoid overcrowding the steamer basket or the potatoes won't become crispy.\\nYou can always make more broasted potatoes in batches.\\n2. Pressure-Cooking and Frying the Potatoes\\n2-1. Pressure cook the potatoes for 2 minutes.\\nPut the lid on your pressure cooker and seal it shut. Turn the pressure cooker onto HIGH pressure. This should be 10 PSI. Cook the potatoes for 2 minutes.\\nIf you're using a stove top pressure cooker, just cook the potatoes for one minute.\\n2-2. Release the pressure and remove the potatoes.\\nLeave the pot on your pressure cooker and release the pressure according to the instructions that came with your pot. When the pressure is removed, take off the lid. Use 12-inch (30 cm) tongs to carefully lift the steamer with the potatoes. Set this on your work space. Throw away any potatoes that fell into the water.\\nIf you don't have tongs, you can use a thick oven mitt to pull the steamer basket out by the center prong.\\n2-3. Blot the potatoes dry and check the oil.\\nTake a paper towel and dab away any moisture on the potatoes. The potatoes should feel a little sticky once you've finished drying them. Check the temperature of the oil in your skillet. Once, it's at 350 degrees F (175 C), you can fry the potatoes.\\nAvoid over handling or wiping the potatoes. Doing so can wipe away starch that helps the potatoes crisp up.\\n2-4. Arrange the potatoes in the oil.\\nUse tongs to place the potatoes in the skillet with oil. They should be in a single layer and there should be space between the potatoes. If you need to, you can fry the potatoes in batches.\\nIf you overcrowd the skillet, the potatoes might become soggy.\\n2-5. Fry the potatoes for 2 to 3 minutes.\\nFry the potatoes in the hot oil for about a minute so the bottom side becomes brown. Use the long tongs to carefully turn the potatoes over and fry them for about one more minute or until they're golden brown all over.\\n2-6. Drain and season the broasted potatoes.\\nCarefully lift the potatoes out of the skillet and place them on the metal rack on the baking sheet. Sprinkle the potatoes with salt according to your taste. You can also season the potatoes with your favorite herbs or spices. Serve the broasted potatoes while they're hot.\\nConsider squeezing fresh lemon over the potatoes and sprinkling them with chopped fresh parsley for a burst of flavor.\\n2-7. Finished.\\n\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you'd like to make potatoes that are crisp on the outside and fluffy on the inside, make broasted potatoes. Start with starchy Russet potatoes and slice them into wedges or thick strips. Pressure cook the potatoes for a few minutes and then immediately fry them in hot oil. This will create potatoes that are perfectly cooked and fried. Season the potatoes with a little salt and pepper or parsley and lemon. Serve them while they're still hot and crispy!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Setting Up a Frying Station and Preparing the Potatoes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Heat oil in a deep skillet.\", \"描述\": \"Set a skillet with high sides on your stove top. Pour enough frying oil into the skillet so you only have 2-inches (5 cm) of space above the top of the oil. Turn the heat to medium-high. If you're using a thermometer, attach it to the side.\\nYou can use your favorite frying oil, shortening, lard or rendered animal fat. Avoid using olive oil or extra-virgin olive oil because it will burn.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Set up a draining rack.\", \"描述\": \"Place a baking sheet next to your stove top and put a metal wire rack or draining rack on the sheet. Ensure that there's at least 1-inch (2.5 cm) of space between the rack and the sheet.\\nYou'll be able to drain the broasted potatoes on the rack which will help keep them crispy.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Peel and slice the potatoes.\", \"描述\": \"Get out 1/2 to 1 pound (225 g to 450 g) of Russet potatoes, but do not wash them. Instead, use a vegetable peeler to peel the potatoes. Use a paper towel to wipe the potatoes off. Carefully slice the potatoes into thick slices about 1/2-inch (12 mm) wide.\\nThe slices should be the size of large French fries or wedges.\\nYou want to avoid getting the potatoes wet because moisture will prevent the potatoes from crisping up.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Combine brine in a pressure cooker bowl.\", \"描述\": \"Pour 1 cup (240 ml) of cold water into the bowl of your electric pressure cooker. Add 1 teaspoon of coarse kosher salt and ¼ teaspoon of baking soda. Stir the brine to dissolve the salt and baking powder.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Arrange the potatoes in a steamer in the pressure cooker.\", \"描述\": \"Put a trivet or vegetable steamer basket into the bottom of the pressure cooker with the brine. Lay the sliced potatoes in the steamer so they're in an even, single layer. Avoid overcrowding the steamer basket or the potatoes won't become crispy.\\nYou can always make more broasted potatoes in batches.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pressure-Cooking and Frying the Potatoes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pressure cook the potatoes for 2 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Put the lid on your pressure cooker and seal it shut. Turn the pressure cooker onto HIGH pressure. This should be 10 PSI. Cook the potatoes for 2 minutes.\\nIf you're using a stove top pressure cooker, just cook the potatoes for one minute.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Release the pressure and remove the potatoes.\", \"描述\": \"Leave the pot on your pressure cooker and release the pressure according to the instructions that came with your pot. When the pressure is removed, take off the lid. Use 12-inch (30 cm) tongs to carefully lift the steamer with the potatoes. Set this on your work space. Throw away any potatoes that fell into the water.\\nIf you don't have tongs, you can use a thick oven mitt to pull the steamer basket out by the center prong.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Blot the potatoes dry and check the oil.\", \"描述\": \"Take a paper towel and dab away any moisture on the potatoes. The potatoes should feel a little sticky once you've finished drying them. Check the temperature of the oil in your skillet. Once, it's at 350 degrees F (175 C), you can fry the potatoes.\\nAvoid over handling or wiping the potatoes. Doing so can wipe away starch that helps the potatoes crisp up.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Arrange the potatoes in the oil.\", \"描述\": \"Use tongs to place the potatoes in the skillet with oil. They should be in a single layer and there should be space between the potatoes. If you need to, you can fry the potatoes in batches.\\nIf you overcrowd the skillet, the potatoes might become soggy.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Fry the potatoes for 2 to 3 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Fry the potatoes in the hot oil for about a minute so the bottom side becomes brown. Use the long tongs to carefully turn the potatoes over and fry them for about one more minute or until they're golden brown all over.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Drain and season the broasted potatoes.\", \"描述\": \"Carefully lift the potatoes out of the skillet and place them on the metal rack on the baking sheet. Sprinkle the potatoes with salt according to your taste. You can also season the potatoes with your favorite herbs or spices. Serve the broasted potatoes while they're hot.\\nConsider squeezing fresh lemon over the potatoes and sprinkling them with chopped fresh parsley for a burst of flavor.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Finished.\", \"描述\": \"\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,035 |
How to Broil Chicken
|
1. Readying the Chicken for Broiling
1-1. Defrost your chicken if it has been frozen.
The best way to do this is to transfer the wrapped chicken from your freezer to your fridge 24 hours before you want to cook. If you are on a tighter schedule, there are other methods to defrost chicken that take less time.
1-2. Wash your chicken.
Hold your chicken under cold running water. Make sure that you do not use warm or hot water because hot water can lead to bacterial growth.
1-3. Give your chicken some extra flavor.
There is a limitless number of ways you can flavor your chicken. Get creative and try new combinations of seasonings and marinades. If you are following a specific recipe, add your seasonings now. Don’t forget salt and pepper!
Oil and season your chicken. Rub cooking oil such as olive oil on the chicken to get a crispier outside texture. Add seasonings like thyme, oregano, lemon, garlic, or any other herb or seasoning to add some pizzazz to your poultry. You can also use a store bought rub like Cajun or spicy chili rub. To most thoroughly coat the chicken, pour the oil and seasonings into a plastic, sealable bag. Put the chicken inside, seal the bag, and shake.
Marinate your chicken. Pour your marinade into a bowl and let the chicken soak in the marinade for two to eight hours. Make sure to keep the chicken and marinade in the fridge while it soaks. Leaving it for eight hours or more will ensure the most flavorful results.
Brine your chicken. Brine gives chicken an extra salty flavor and can be combined with many different seasonings. Mix coarse salt into warm water and add your desired seasonings. Some people also add sugar to their brine. Let the chicken soak in the brine for two to eight hours (keep it in the fridge while it is soaking).
1-4. Flatten the chicken.
Make the chicken as flat as possible before broiling to help ensure an even cooking. Butterfly the chicken if you’re using a whole breast or bird.
2. Broiling the Chicken
2-1. Line the bottom of the broiler tray beneath the grate with aluminum foil.
Do this before you place the chicken on it. The foil will catch any drips from the chicken and will make cleanup easier. Do not line the grate itself with aluminum foil, as this will prevent the drippings from falling away from the element.
2-2. Preheat the broiler to 180 °F (82 °C).
2-3. Place the broiler tray directly beneath the broiler element.
Do this if your broiler is at the top of your oven. Set the oven rack approximately 5 to 6 inches (12.7 to 15.2 cm) below the element so the chicken is right beneath the element if using an oven broiler.
If you do not have a broiler tray you can use a baking sheet instead.
If using a slide out broiler beneath the oven, set the broiler tray directly on the bottom rack.
2-4. Broil the chicken.
Broil thinner cuts for 10 minutes and thicker cuts for 15 minutes.
2-5. Take the chicken out once it has browned on one side.
Turn it over and rub a little bit of cooking oil (such as olive oil) on the uncooked side. Doing this will ensure that the chicken browns and gets a little crispy.
Use a spatula to turn the chicken over, rather than a fork. This will prevent the juices from escaping the meat before it's done.
2-6. Continue broiling the chicken for an additional 5 to 10 minutes.
Keep in mind that if the chicken broils for too long, it could become very dry. Leave the chicken in until it has browned.
2-7. Check the internal temperature of the chicken.
Use a meat thermometer to determine whether or not the chicken is done. The internal temperature should be 180 °F (82 °C) for chicken thighs and drumsticks, 170 °F (77 °C) for breast meat and 165 °F (74 °C) for patties.
If you do not have a meat thermometer, take the chicken out and make a small cut in it. If the chicken meat is pink or shiny and grayish looking, it is not done. Your chicken should be white and opaque.
You should also check the color of the juices. The chicken juices will run clear when it is cooked all the way through.
2-8. Turn off the broiler element.
Remove the chicken when it is cooked through.
2-9. Rub more sauce on the chicken (optional).
After you take the chicken out of the broiler, you can give it a little extra flavor by adding sauce. Apply the sauce to the chicken with a cooking brush, butter knife, or spoon.
Tips
A teriyaki marinade is a good choice for marinade.
Leave the skin on the chicken while broiling to help maintain its moisture; remove it once the chicken has finished cooking.
Warnings
Fatty cuts of chicken are more likely to catch fire under the high heat of the broiler. Never leave the broiler unattended when in use.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Readying the Chicken for Broiling\\n1-1. Defrost your chicken if it has been frozen.\\nThe best way to do this is to transfer the wrapped chicken from your freezer to your fridge 24 hours before you want to cook. If you are on a tighter schedule, there are other methods to defrost chicken that take less time.\\n1-2. Wash your chicken.\\nHold your chicken under cold running water. Make sure that you do not use warm or hot water because hot water can lead to bacterial growth.\\n1-3. Give your chicken some extra flavor.\\nThere is a limitless number of ways you can flavor your chicken. Get creative and try new combinations of seasonings and marinades. If you are following a specific recipe, add your seasonings now. Don’t forget salt and pepper!\\nOil and season your chicken. Rub cooking oil such as olive oil on the chicken to get a crispier outside texture. Add seasonings like thyme, oregano, lemon, garlic, or any other herb or seasoning to add some pizzazz to your poultry. You can also use a store bought rub like Cajun or spicy chili rub. To most thoroughly coat the chicken, pour the oil and seasonings into a plastic, sealable bag. Put the chicken inside, seal the bag, and shake.\\n\\n Marinate your chicken. Pour your marinade into a bowl and let the chicken soak in the marinade for two to eight hours. Make sure to keep the chicken and marinade in the fridge while it soaks. Leaving it for eight hours or more will ensure the most flavorful results.\\n Brine your chicken. Brine gives chicken an extra salty flavor and can be combined with many different seasonings. Mix coarse salt into warm water and add your desired seasonings. Some people also add sugar to their brine. Let the chicken soak in the brine for two to eight hours (keep it in the fridge while it is soaking).\\n1-4. Flatten the chicken.\\nMake the chicken as flat as possible before broiling to help ensure an even cooking. Butterfly the chicken if you’re using a whole breast or bird.\\n2. Broiling the Chicken\\n2-1. Line the bottom of the broiler tray beneath the grate with aluminum foil.\\nDo this before you place the chicken on it. The foil will catch any drips from the chicken and will make cleanup easier. Do not line the grate itself with aluminum foil, as this will prevent the drippings from falling away from the element.\\n2-2. Preheat the broiler to 180 °F (82 °C).\\n\\n2-3. Place the broiler tray directly beneath the broiler element.\\nDo this if your broiler is at the top of your oven. Set the oven rack approximately 5 to 6 inches (12.7 to 15.2 cm) below the element so the chicken is right beneath the element if using an oven broiler.\\nIf you do not have a broiler tray you can use a baking sheet instead.\\nIf using a slide out broiler beneath the oven, set the broiler tray directly on the bottom rack.\\n2-4. Broil the chicken.\\nBroil thinner cuts for 10 minutes and thicker cuts for 15 minutes.\\n2-5. Take the chicken out once it has browned on one side.\\nTurn it over and rub a little bit of cooking oil (such as olive oil) on the uncooked side. Doing this will ensure that the chicken browns and gets a little crispy.\\nUse a spatula to turn the chicken over, rather than a fork. This will prevent the juices from escaping the meat before it's done.\\n2-6. Continue broiling the chicken for an additional 5 to 10 minutes.\\nKeep in mind that if the chicken broils for too long, it could become very dry. Leave the chicken in until it has browned.\\n2-7. Check the internal temperature of the chicken.\\nUse a meat thermometer to determine whether or not the chicken is done. The internal temperature should be 180 °F (82 °C) for chicken thighs and drumsticks, 170 °F (77 °C) for breast meat and 165 °F (74 °C) for patties.\\nIf you do not have a meat thermometer, take the chicken out and make a small cut in it. If the chicken meat is pink or shiny and grayish looking, it is not done. Your chicken should be white and opaque.\\nYou should also check the color of the juices. The chicken juices will run clear when it is cooked all the way through.\\n2-8. Turn off the broiler element.\\nRemove the chicken when it is cooked through.\\n2-9. Rub more sauce on the chicken (optional).\\nAfter you take the chicken out of the broiler, you can give it a little extra flavor by adding sauce. Apply the sauce to the chicken with a cooking brush, butter knife, or spoon.\\nTips\\nA teriyaki marinade is a good choice for marinade.\\nLeave the skin on the chicken while broiling to help maintain its moisture; remove it once the chicken has finished cooking.\\nWarnings\\nFatty cuts of chicken are more likely to catch fire under the high heat of the broiler. Never leave the broiler unattended when in use.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Whether you're preparing a chicken dinner for your in-laws but are short on time, are hankering for some chicken but don't want to wait around for it to roast, or simply just try something new, the broiler will come to your rescue. Broiling chicken is fast and easy. Follow these steps to become a broiling pro.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Readying the Chicken for Broiling\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Defrost your chicken if it has been frozen.\", \"描述\": \"The best way to do this is to transfer the wrapped chicken from your freezer to your fridge 24 hours before you want to cook. If you are on a tighter schedule, there are other methods to defrost chicken that take less time.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wash your chicken.\", \"描述\": \"Hold your chicken under cold running water. Make sure that you do not use warm or hot water because hot water can lead to bacterial growth.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Give your chicken some extra flavor.\", \"描述\": \"There is a limitless number of ways you can flavor your chicken. Get creative and try new combinations of seasonings and marinades. If you are following a specific recipe, add your seasonings now. Don’t forget salt and pepper!\\nOil and season your chicken. Rub cooking oil such as olive oil on the chicken to get a crispier outside texture. Add seasonings like thyme, oregano, lemon, garlic, or any other herb or seasoning to add some pizzazz to your poultry. You can also use a store bought rub like Cajun or spicy chili rub. To most thoroughly coat the chicken, pour the oil and seasonings into a plastic, sealable bag. Put the chicken inside, seal the bag, and shake.\\n\\n Marinate your chicken. Pour your marinade into a bowl and let the chicken soak in the marinade for two to eight hours. Make sure to keep the chicken and marinade in the fridge while it soaks. Leaving it for eight hours or more will ensure the most flavorful results.\\n Brine your chicken. Brine gives chicken an extra salty flavor and can be combined with many different seasonings. Mix coarse salt into warm water and add your desired seasonings. Some people also add sugar to their brine. Let the chicken soak in the brine for two to eight hours (keep it in the fridge while it is soaking).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Flatten the chicken.\", \"描述\": \"Make the chicken as flat as possible before broiling to help ensure an even cooking. Butterfly the chicken if you’re using a whole breast or bird.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Broiling the Chicken\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Line the bottom of the broiler tray beneath the grate with aluminum foil.\", \"描述\": \"Do this before you place the chicken on it. The foil will catch any drips from the chicken and will make cleanup easier. Do not line the grate itself with aluminum foil, as this will prevent the drippings from falling away from the element.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preheat the broiler to 180 °F (82 °C).\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Place the broiler tray directly beneath the broiler element.\", \"描述\": \"Do this if your broiler is at the top of your oven. Set the oven rack approximately 5 to 6 inches (12.7 to 15.2 cm) below the element so the chicken is right beneath the element if using an oven broiler.\\nIf you do not have a broiler tray you can use a baking sheet instead.\\nIf using a slide out broiler beneath the oven, set the broiler tray directly on the bottom rack.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Broil the chicken.\", \"描述\": \"Broil thinner cuts for 10 minutes and thicker cuts for 15 minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Take the chicken out once it has browned on one side.\", \"描述\": \"Turn it over and rub a little bit of cooking oil (such as olive oil) on the uncooked side. Doing this will ensure that the chicken browns and gets a little crispy.\\nUse a spatula to turn the chicken over, rather than a fork. This will prevent the juices from escaping the meat before it's done.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Continue broiling the chicken for an additional 5 to 10 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Keep in mind that if the chicken broils for too long, it could become very dry. Leave the chicken in until it has browned.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Check the internal temperature of the chicken.\", \"描述\": \"Use a meat thermometer to determine whether or not the chicken is done. The internal temperature should be 180 °F (82 °C) for chicken thighs and drumsticks, 170 °F (77 °C) for breast meat and 165 °F (74 °C) for patties.\\nIf you do not have a meat thermometer, take the chicken out and make a small cut in it. If the chicken meat is pink or shiny and grayish looking, it is not done. Your chicken should be white and opaque.\\nYou should also check the color of the juices. The chicken juices will run clear when it is cooked all the way through.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Turn off the broiler element.\", \"描述\": \"Remove the chicken when it is cooked through.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Rub more sauce on the chicken (optional).\", \"描述\": \"After you take the chicken out of the broiler, you can give it a little extra flavor by adding sauce. Apply the sauce to the chicken with a cooking brush, butter knife, or spoon.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"A teriyaki marinade is a good choice for marinade.\\n\", \"Leave the skin on the chicken while broiling to help maintain its moisture; remove it once the chicken has finished cooking.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Fatty cuts of chicken are more likely to catch fire under the high heat of the broiler. Never leave the broiler unattended when in use.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,036 |
How to Broil Chicken Breasts
|
1. Defrosting and Seasoning the Chicken
1-1. Defrost
The best way to defrost any type of frozen meat is to place it in the refrigerator and let it thaw out over several hours. If you don’t have time to leave the chicken in the fridge this long, you can defrost it in cold water for 2-3 hours or use a microwave if you’re in a pinch.
Using the refrigerator is safer than other options because it prevents the chicken from being exposed to bacteria that can grow in warmer temperatures. It also helps the chicken maintain its flavor.
If you’ve bought your chicken breast fresh (unfrozen), you can skip the defrosting step altogether.
1-2. Mix 5 tbsp of olive oil, 3 tsp of salt, and 2 tsp of pepper in a bowl.
Stir these ingredients thoroughly together with a spoon or brush. You may also choose to add additional herbs and spices, such as garlic, thyme, or fennel, to your mixture for extra taste and texture.
The olive oil adds flavor to the chicken and helps the seasonings adhere better to each breast.
1-3. Rub the mixture into the chicken using your hands or a pastry brush.
Coat each chicken breast as thoroughly as possible before cooking and take your time with each one.
Once you’ve coated each chicken breast, you can sprinkle additional salt, pepper, and other seasonings over the chicken for added flavor.
1-4. Coat a large cooking sheet with a nonstick spray.
Saturate the sheet evenly, using plenty of spray. If the chicken sticks to the sheet while it’s broiling, you may lose some of the seasoning and flavor.
Alternatively, you can spread a very thin layer of olive oil over the sheet.
1-5. Place the chicken breasts on the cooking sheet a few inches apart.
Make sure the chicken breasts aren’t touching each other. Each breast should be exposed to the heat of the broiler while it cooks.
Spacing the chicken breasts a few inches apart also makes turning them over during the cooking process easier.
2. Cooking the Chicken in the Broiler
2-1. Place the oven rack about 6 inches (15 cm) from the heat source.
There should be some space between the chicken and the broiling element in your oven to prevent the outside of the chicken from burning.
The thicker the chicken breasts, the farther they should be from the broiler. So, if you have larger chicken breasts, you’ll want to lower the rack a couple of inches to accommodate the extra thickness.
2-2. Preheat the oven’s broiler about 5 minutes before cooking.
Most ovens only have 2 broiler settings: on and off. If your broiler has multiple settings, use the lower setting.
2-3. Put the cooking sheet with the seasoned chicken under the broiler.
You may want to use oven mitts to avoid burning your hands. Keep in mind that you’re cooking with direct heat and the oven will be very hot.
Place the pan in the center of the oven rack for the best results.
2-4. Broil the chicken for about 10 minutes, leaving the oven door ajar.
You don’t want to have the door completely open, but leave a small gap to help vent steam out of the oven.
Too much steam can prevent the outside of the chicken from crisping (which is part of the point of broiling in the first place).
2-5. Watch the chicken breasts carefully as they cook.
You may choose to place aluminum foil around the edges of the chicken breasts if they begin to brown to prevent burning on the thinner parts of the chicken.
Broilers are extremely hot and chicken can easily burn if it’s not monitored. The size of the chicken breasts and the temperature of your broiler can impact cooking time.
2-6. Turn the chicken over with metal tongs when one side has browned.
Generally, it will take about 10 minutes for the chicken to be ready to turn. The chicken breasts should be golden brown on top. Use long metal tongs to avoid burning your hands under the hot broiler.
It’s best not to use a fork or other sharp object to turn the chicken breasts. Piercing the chicken can cause the juices to escape and make your chicken dry and less flavorful.
2-7. Brush the chicken with additional olive oil and seasoning.
This keeps the chicken moist, even while it’s being broiled at extreme temperatures.
Adding additional oil and seasoning also helps replace any seasoning that may have come off when you transferred the chicken onto the cooking sheet and into the oven.
2-8. Broil the chicken for 10 more minutes or until fully cooked.
Continue broiling until the juices run clear and the chicken is no longer pink in the center. Cooking times vary depending on the thickness of the meat.
To be sure the chicken is fully cooked, you can use a meat thermometer to check the chicken’s internal temperature. It should be around 165 °F (74 °C) when it’s done.
It is better not to use only the broiler to broil a chicken all the way.
The broiling feature is used to char something or crisp up some skin afterward or before.
You can reverse sear the chicken with the broiler or sear it. Then turn the heat back to a lower temperature, like 350 degrees, so the chicken cooks through to 165 degrees without burning the skin.
2-9. Remove the chicken and let it sit for 5 minutes before serving.
Use oven mitts to remove the cooking sheet from the oven. The chicken will be extremely hot, so make sure to let it cool before enjoying it.
Tips
If your chicken breasts are too thick or uneven for convenient broiling, use a kitchen mallet to pound your chicken to be thinner and more even.
For a healthier dish, remove the skin from your broiled chicken breasts before serving.
Warnings
Don't wash your chicken breasts prior to broiling. Cooking at an appropriate heat will kill any bacteria and washing increases the chances of splashing bacteria-laden water on your countertops, stovetop, or other cooking surface.
Always wash your hands with hot water and soap after you've touched raw chicken. Bacteria on your hands can be transferred to other surfaces where they can make you or your family sick if ingested.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Defrosting and Seasoning the Chicken\\n1-1. Defrost\\nThe best way to defrost any type of frozen meat is to place it in the refrigerator and let it thaw out over several hours. If you don’t have time to leave the chicken in the fridge this long, you can defrost it in cold water for 2-3 hours or use a microwave if you’re in a pinch.\\nUsing the refrigerator is safer than other options because it prevents the chicken from being exposed to bacteria that can grow in warmer temperatures. It also helps the chicken maintain its flavor.\\nIf you’ve bought your chicken breast fresh (unfrozen), you can skip the defrosting step altogether.\\n1-2. Mix 5 tbsp of olive oil, 3 tsp of salt, and 2 tsp of pepper in a bowl.\\nStir these ingredients thoroughly together with a spoon or brush. You may also choose to add additional herbs and spices, such as garlic, thyme, or fennel, to your mixture for extra taste and texture.\\nThe olive oil adds flavor to the chicken and helps the seasonings adhere better to each breast.\\n1-3. Rub the mixture into the chicken using your hands or a pastry brush.\\nCoat each chicken breast as thoroughly as possible before cooking and take your time with each one.\\nOnce you’ve coated each chicken breast, you can sprinkle additional salt, pepper, and other seasonings over the chicken for added flavor.\\n1-4. Coat a large cooking sheet with a nonstick spray.\\nSaturate the sheet evenly, using plenty of spray. If the chicken sticks to the sheet while it’s broiling, you may lose some of the seasoning and flavor.\\nAlternatively, you can spread a very thin layer of olive oil over the sheet.\\n1-5. Place the chicken breasts on the cooking sheet a few inches apart.\\nMake sure the chicken breasts aren’t touching each other. Each breast should be exposed to the heat of the broiler while it cooks.\\nSpacing the chicken breasts a few inches apart also makes turning them over during the cooking process easier.\\n2. Cooking the Chicken in the Broiler\\n2-1. Place the oven rack about 6 inches (15 cm) from the heat source.\\nThere should be some space between the chicken and the broiling element in your oven to prevent the outside of the chicken from burning.\\nThe thicker the chicken breasts, the farther they should be from the broiler. So, if you have larger chicken breasts, you’ll want to lower the rack a couple of inches to accommodate the extra thickness.\\n2-2. Preheat the oven’s broiler about 5 minutes before cooking.\\nMost ovens only have 2 broiler settings: on and off. If your broiler has multiple settings, use the lower setting.\\n2-3. Put the cooking sheet with the seasoned chicken under the broiler.\\nYou may want to use oven mitts to avoid burning your hands. Keep in mind that you’re cooking with direct heat and the oven will be very hot.\\nPlace the pan in the center of the oven rack for the best results.\\n2-4. Broil the chicken for about 10 minutes, leaving the oven door ajar.\\nYou don’t want to have the door completely open, but leave a small gap to help vent steam out of the oven.\\nToo much steam can prevent the outside of the chicken from crisping (which is part of the point of broiling in the first place).\\n2-5. Watch the chicken breasts carefully as they cook.\\nYou may choose to place aluminum foil around the edges of the chicken breasts if they begin to brown to prevent burning on the thinner parts of the chicken.\\nBroilers are extremely hot and chicken can easily burn if it’s not monitored. The size of the chicken breasts and the temperature of your broiler can impact cooking time.\\n2-6. Turn the chicken over with metal tongs when one side has browned.\\nGenerally, it will take about 10 minutes for the chicken to be ready to turn. The chicken breasts should be golden brown on top. Use long metal tongs to avoid burning your hands under the hot broiler.\\nIt’s best not to use a fork or other sharp object to turn the chicken breasts. Piercing the chicken can cause the juices to escape and make your chicken dry and less flavorful.\\n2-7. Brush the chicken with additional olive oil and seasoning.\\nThis keeps the chicken moist, even while it’s being broiled at extreme temperatures.\\nAdding additional oil and seasoning also helps replace any seasoning that may have come off when you transferred the chicken onto the cooking sheet and into the oven.\\n2-8. Broil the chicken for 10 more minutes or until fully cooked.\\nContinue broiling until the juices run clear and the chicken is no longer pink in the center. Cooking times vary depending on the thickness of the meat.\\nTo be sure the chicken is fully cooked, you can use a meat thermometer to check the chicken’s internal temperature. It should be around 165 °F (74 °C) when it’s done.\\nIt is better not to use only the broiler to broil a chicken all the way.\\nThe broiling feature is used to char something or crisp up some skin afterward or before.\\nYou can reverse sear the chicken with the broiler or sear it. Then turn the heat back to a lower temperature, like 350 degrees, so the chicken cooks through to 165 degrees without burning the skin.\\n2-9. Remove the chicken and let it sit for 5 minutes before serving.\\nUse oven mitts to remove the cooking sheet from the oven. The chicken will be extremely hot, so make sure to let it cool before enjoying it.\\nTips\\nIf your chicken breasts are too thick or uneven for convenient broiling, use a kitchen mallet to pound your chicken to be thinner and more even.\\nFor a healthier dish, remove the skin from your broiled chicken breasts before serving.\\nWarnings\\nDon't wash your chicken breasts prior to broiling. Cooking at an appropriate heat will kill any bacteria and washing increases the chances of splashing bacteria-laden water on your countertops, stovetop, or other cooking surface.\\nAlways wash your hands with hot water and soap after you've touched raw chicken. Bacteria on your hands can be transferred to other surfaces where they can make you or your family sick if ingested.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Chicken is a nutritious and versatile food that pairs well with just about any side you can think of. Chicken breasts can be prepared in a number of ways to achieve a variety of different flavors, textures, and presentations. One of the easiest and most straightforward ways to prepare chicken breasts is to broil them. This produces a crispy, tender, and flavorful meal for you and your family or friends to enjoy.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Defrosting and Seasoning the Chicken\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Defrost\", \"描述\": \"The best way to defrost any type of frozen meat is to place it in the refrigerator and let it thaw out over several hours. If you don’t have time to leave the chicken in the fridge this long, you can defrost it in cold water for 2-3 hours or use a microwave if you’re in a pinch.\\nUsing the refrigerator is safer than other options because it prevents the chicken from being exposed to bacteria that can grow in warmer temperatures. It also helps the chicken maintain its flavor.\\nIf you’ve bought your chicken breast fresh (unfrozen), you can skip the defrosting step altogether.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Mix 5 tbsp of olive oil, 3 tsp of salt, and 2 tsp of pepper in a bowl.\", \"描述\": \"Stir these ingredients thoroughly together with a spoon or brush. You may also choose to add additional herbs and spices, such as garlic, thyme, or fennel, to your mixture for extra taste and texture.\\nThe olive oil adds flavor to the chicken and helps the seasonings adhere better to each breast.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Rub the mixture into the chicken using your hands or a pastry brush.\", \"描述\": \"Coat each chicken breast as thoroughly as possible before cooking and take your time with each one.\\nOnce you’ve coated each chicken breast, you can sprinkle additional salt, pepper, and other seasonings over the chicken for added flavor.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Coat a large cooking sheet with a nonstick spray.\", \"描述\": \"Saturate the sheet evenly, using plenty of spray. If the chicken sticks to the sheet while it’s broiling, you may lose some of the seasoning and flavor.\\nAlternatively, you can spread a very thin layer of olive oil over the sheet.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Place the chicken breasts on the cooking sheet a few inches apart.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure the chicken breasts aren’t touching each other. Each breast should be exposed to the heat of the broiler while it cooks.\\nSpacing the chicken breasts a few inches apart also makes turning them over during the cooking process easier.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cooking the Chicken in the Broiler\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Place the oven rack about 6 inches (15 cm) from the heat source.\", \"描述\": \"There should be some space between the chicken and the broiling element in your oven to prevent the outside of the chicken from burning.\\nThe thicker the chicken breasts, the farther they should be from the broiler. So, if you have larger chicken breasts, you’ll want to lower the rack a couple of inches to accommodate the extra thickness.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preheat the oven’s broiler about 5 minutes before cooking.\", \"描述\": \"Most ovens only have 2 broiler settings: on and off. If your broiler has multiple settings, use the lower setting.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Put the cooking sheet with the seasoned chicken under the broiler.\", \"描述\": \"You may want to use oven mitts to avoid burning your hands. Keep in mind that you’re cooking with direct heat and the oven will be very hot.\\nPlace the pan in the center of the oven rack for the best results.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Broil the chicken for about 10 minutes, leaving the oven door ajar.\", \"描述\": \"You don’t want to have the door completely open, but leave a small gap to help vent steam out of the oven.\\nToo much steam can prevent the outside of the chicken from crisping (which is part of the point of broiling in the first place).\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Watch the chicken breasts carefully as they cook.\", \"描述\": \"You may choose to place aluminum foil around the edges of the chicken breasts if they begin to brown to prevent burning on the thinner parts of the chicken.\\nBroilers are extremely hot and chicken can easily burn if it’s not monitored. The size of the chicken breasts and the temperature of your broiler can impact cooking time.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Turn the chicken over with metal tongs when one side has browned.\", \"描述\": \"Generally, it will take about 10 minutes for the chicken to be ready to turn. The chicken breasts should be golden brown on top. Use long metal tongs to avoid burning your hands under the hot broiler.\\nIt’s best not to use a fork or other sharp object to turn the chicken breasts. Piercing the chicken can cause the juices to escape and make your chicken dry and less flavorful.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Brush the chicken with additional olive oil and seasoning.\", \"描述\": \"This keeps the chicken moist, even while it’s being broiled at extreme temperatures.\\nAdding additional oil and seasoning also helps replace any seasoning that may have come off when you transferred the chicken onto the cooking sheet and into the oven.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Broil the chicken for 10 more minutes or until fully cooked.\", \"描述\": \"Continue broiling until the juices run clear and the chicken is no longer pink in the center. Cooking times vary depending on the thickness of the meat.\\nTo be sure the chicken is fully cooked, you can use a meat thermometer to check the chicken’s internal temperature. It should be around 165 °F (74 °C) when it’s done.\\nIt is better not to use only the broiler to broil a chicken all the way.\\nThe broiling feature is used to char something or crisp up some skin afterward or before.\\nYou can reverse sear the chicken with the broiler or sear it. Then turn the heat back to a lower temperature, like 350 degrees, so the chicken cooks through to 165 degrees without burning the skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Remove the chicken and let it sit for 5 minutes before serving.\", \"描述\": \"Use oven mitts to remove the cooking sheet from the oven. The chicken will be extremely hot, so make sure to let it cool before enjoying it.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If your chicken breasts are too thick or uneven for convenient broiling, use a kitchen mallet to pound your chicken to be thinner and more even.\\n\", \"For a healthier dish, remove the skin from your broiled chicken breasts before serving.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Don't wash your chicken breasts prior to broiling. Cooking at an appropriate heat will kill any bacteria and washing increases the chances of splashing bacteria-laden water on your countertops, stovetop, or other cooking surface.\\n\", \"Always wash your hands with hot water and soap after you've touched raw chicken. Bacteria on your hands can be transferred to other surfaces where they can make you or your family sick if ingested.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,037 |
How to Broil Fish
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1. Preheat the Broiler
1-1. Place your oven rack about 4 inches (10 cm) from your broiler.
1-2. Place a heavy metal baking pan on the rack.
You can also use the broiler pan that came with your oven.
1-3. Turn on the broiler.
Some recipes will specify whether you should use the “high” or “low” setting. Fish needs to cook quickly under high heat, so use the “high” setting unless otherwise instructed.
2. Prepare the Fish
2-1. Rub the dull side of a piece of aluminum foil with 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon olive oil.
To save calories, you may spray the foil with cooking spray instead. You can either use your hand or a pastry brush to rub the oil onto the foil.
2-2. Place your fish on the piece of foil.
If the fish has skin, the skin side should be in contact with the foil and the flesh side should be facing up.
2-3. Season the fish.
Use 1/4 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper as a good basic seasoning. You may also add a squirt of fresh lemon juice for additional flavor.
3. Cook the Fish
3-1. Put on a pair of oven mitts, open your oven door and pull out both your rack and the hot pan.
You should pull the rack out enough so that you can easily place the fish on the pan but not so much that you remove the rack.
3-2. Slide the foil and fish on top of the hot pan.
You may want to curl up the edges of the foil so that any juices don’t pour out onto the cooking pan and burn; this will also save you cleanup time.
3-3. Close the oven door immediately.
3-4. Broil the fish.
Expect to cook the fish for about 5 to 7 minutes for every inch of thickness. However, check the fish often to prevent burning.
3-5. Remove the baking pan and the fish from the oven and place the fish (while still on the foil) on either your counter or your range top.
Let it sit and rest for about a minute before loosening it from the foil.
3-6. Remove the fish from the foil using a spatula.
You’ll need to use the widest spatula that you own to ensure that the fish does not fall apart when you remove it from the pan. If you used fish with the skin on one side, you may find that you can separate the flesh from the skin easily with the spatula at this point.
3-7. Plate the fish and serve.
3-8. Finished.
Tips
Before broiling your fish, mix 1 pound (0.5 kilograms) of sliced tomatoes with 2 tablespoons each of capers and diced red onion. Add a 1/2 teaspoon olive oil to the tomato, caper and onion mixture, and then spread the mixture on top of and around the fish. Then, broil the fish.
To make fish tacos with whitefish, rub the fish with vegetable oil and mild chili powder before you broil it. While the fish is broiling, chop up 2 cucumbers, 1/2 cup (45 grams) cilantro, and 1 hot chili pepper of your choice. Mix the vegetables and cilantro together and add 2 tablespoons of freshly squeezed lime juice to it. When the fish has cooled, flake it into small pieces. Serve the fish in corn tortillas with the vegetable and cilantro topping.
Warnings
Avoid pouring sauces, oil or marinade over your fish while you are broiling it because the ingredients will burn easily.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preheat the Broiler\\n1-1. Place your oven rack about 4 inches (10 cm) from your broiler.\\n\\n1-2. Place a heavy metal baking pan on the rack.\\nYou can also use the broiler pan that came with your oven.\\n1-3. Turn on the broiler.\\nSome recipes will specify whether you should use the “high” or “low” setting. Fish needs to cook quickly under high heat, so use the “high” setting unless otherwise instructed.\\n2. Prepare the Fish\\n2-1. Rub the dull side of a piece of aluminum foil with 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon olive oil.\\nTo save calories, you may spray the foil with cooking spray instead. You can either use your hand or a pastry brush to rub the oil onto the foil.\\n2-2. Place your fish on the piece of foil.\\nIf the fish has skin, the skin side should be in contact with the foil and the flesh side should be facing up.\\n2-3. Season the fish.\\nUse 1/4 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper as a good basic seasoning. You may also add a squirt of fresh lemon juice for additional flavor.\\n3. Cook the Fish\\n3-1. Put on a pair of oven mitts, open your oven door and pull out both your rack and the hot pan.\\nYou should pull the rack out enough so that you can easily place the fish on the pan but not so much that you remove the rack.\\n3-2. Slide the foil and fish on top of the hot pan.\\nYou may want to curl up the edges of the foil so that any juices don’t pour out onto the cooking pan and burn; this will also save you cleanup time.\\n3-3. Close the oven door immediately.\\n\\n3-4. Broil the fish.\\nExpect to cook the fish for about 5 to 7 minutes for every inch of thickness. However, check the fish often to prevent burning.\\n3-5. Remove the baking pan and the fish from the oven and place the fish (while still on the foil) on either your counter or your range top.\\nLet it sit and rest for about a minute before loosening it from the foil.\\n3-6. Remove the fish from the foil using a spatula.\\nYou’ll need to use the widest spatula that you own to ensure that the fish does not fall apart when you remove it from the pan. If you used fish with the skin on one side, you may find that you can separate the flesh from the skin easily with the spatula at this point.\\n3-7. Plate the fish and serve.\\n\\n3-8. Finished.\\n\\nTips\\nBefore broiling your fish, mix 1 pound (0.5 kilograms) of sliced tomatoes with 2 tablespoons each of capers and diced red onion. Add a 1/2 teaspoon olive oil to the tomato, caper and onion mixture, and then spread the mixture on top of and around the fish. Then, broil the fish.\\nTo make fish tacos with whitefish, rub the fish with vegetable oil and mild chili powder before you broil it. While the fish is broiling, chop up 2 cucumbers, 1/2 cup (45 grams) cilantro, and 1 hot chili pepper of your choice. Mix the vegetables and cilantro together and add 2 tablespoons of freshly squeezed lime juice to it. When the fish has cooled, flake it into small pieces. Serve the fish in corn tortillas with the vegetable and cilantro topping.\\nWarnings\\nAvoid pouring sauces, oil or marinade over your fish while you are broiling it because the ingredients will burn easily.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Learning how to broil fish provides cooks with a heart-healthy way to enjoy tender, flaky fish.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preheat the Broiler\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Place your oven rack about 4 inches (10 cm) from your broiler.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Place a heavy metal baking pan on the rack.\", \"描述\": \"You can also use the broiler pan that came with your oven.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Turn on the broiler.\", \"描述\": \"Some recipes will specify whether you should use the “high” or “low” setting. Fish needs to cook quickly under high heat, so use the “high” setting unless otherwise instructed.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare the Fish\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Rub the dull side of a piece of aluminum foil with 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon olive oil.\", \"描述\": \"To save calories, you may spray the foil with cooking spray instead. You can either use your hand or a pastry brush to rub the oil onto the foil.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Place your fish on the piece of foil.\", \"描述\": \"If the fish has skin, the skin side should be in contact with the foil and the flesh side should be facing up.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Season the fish.\", \"描述\": \"Use 1/4 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper as a good basic seasoning. You may also add a squirt of fresh lemon juice for additional flavor.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cook the Fish\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Put on a pair of oven mitts, open your oven door and pull out both your rack and the hot pan.\", \"描述\": \"You should pull the rack out enough so that you can easily place the fish on the pan but not so much that you remove the rack.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Slide the foil and fish on top of the hot pan.\", \"描述\": \"You may want to curl up the edges of the foil so that any juices don’t pour out onto the cooking pan and burn; this will also save you cleanup time.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Close the oven door immediately.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Broil the fish.\", \"描述\": \"Expect to cook the fish for about 5 to 7 minutes for every inch of thickness. However, check the fish often to prevent burning.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Remove the baking pan and the fish from the oven and place the fish (while still on the foil) on either your counter or your range top.\", \"描述\": \"Let it sit and rest for about a minute before loosening it from the foil.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Remove the fish from the foil using a spatula.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll need to use the widest spatula that you own to ensure that the fish does not fall apart when you remove it from the pan. If you used fish with the skin on one side, you may find that you can separate the flesh from the skin easily with the spatula at this point.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Plate the fish and serve.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Finished.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Before broiling your fish, mix 1 pound (0.5 kilograms) of sliced tomatoes with 2 tablespoons each of capers and diced red onion. Add a 1/2 teaspoon olive oil to the tomato, caper and onion mixture, and then spread the mixture on top of and around the fish. Then, broil the fish.\\n\", \"To make fish tacos with whitefish, rub the fish with vegetable oil and mild chili powder before you broil it. While the fish is broiling, chop up 2 cucumbers, 1/2 cup (45 grams) cilantro, and 1 hot chili pepper of your choice. Mix the vegetables and cilantro together and add 2 tablespoons of freshly squeezed lime juice to it. When the fish has cooled, flake it into small pieces. Serve the fish in corn tortillas with the vegetable and cilantro topping.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Avoid pouring sauces, oil or marinade over your fish while you are broiling it because the ingredients will burn easily.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,038 |
How to Broil Lobster
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1. Broiling Lobster Tails
1-1. Choose fresh or frozen tails.
The easiest way to make broiled lobster is to pick up some lobster tails, either frozen or fresh, from the supermarket or your local fishmonger. Lobster tails are the meatiest part of the lobster. You can certainly broil the other parts, too, but if you're looking for an easier preparation experience, you can't go wrong with tails.
If you choose fresh lobster tails, keep them refrigerated until use.
If you buy frozen lobster tails, thaw them in the refrigerator overnight before using. This will help ensure they cook evenly.
1-2. Preheat the broiler.
Just before you're ready to broil the lobsters, preheat the broiler. If your broiler operates inside the main part of your oven, place the oven rack in the center of the oven to ensure even broiling.
1-3. Wash the tails under cool water.
Wipe them clean with a paper towel.
1-4. Cut a "window" out of the shells.
Use a sharp pair of kitchen scissors to cut a rectangular window shaped-piece along the top curve of the lobster tails. This exposes the flesh so that it will cook thoroughly under the broiler. Don't remove the shell entirely: just cut away a section that's a few inches wide and runs the length of the lobster tail.
You can use a knife to do the job if you don't have a pair of scissors. Try a serrated knife, which is less likely to slip on the slick lobster shell.
If you prefer, you can simply make one cut along the length of the tail, then pull the shell halves apart with your hands to expose the flesh.
1-5. Prepare the butter marinade.
Since lobster meat dries out pretty quickly when it cooks, it's usually broiled with flavored butter to keep it moist. The most important ingredient in the butter sauce is the butter, of course - and it can be flavored any way you like. To make a delicious basic butter sauce, mix the following ingredients together in a bowl:
1/4 cup melted butter per lobster tail
1 minced garlic clove per lobster tail
Salt and pepper to taste
1-6. Dress the lobster tails.
Place them flesh-side up in a small roasting pan that will catch all the drippings. Pour the butter sauce over the lobster tails, allowing it to pool inside the shells.
1-7. Broil the lobster tails.
Put the baking pan under the broil and cook the lobster tails for 10-12 minutes. The lobster tails are ready when the flesh is opaque in the middle and the butter has browned. Remove them from the oven.
If the flesh still looks a little translucent, the lobster tails aren't ready yet. Broil them for another 2-3 minutes and check again.
Don't overcook the lobster - the meat could become a bit rubbery. Be sure to check after 10-12 minutes to see if the lobster is done.
As a general rule, broiled lobster requires 1 minute per ounce of meat to cook properly.
1-8. Serve the lobster.
Broiled lobster tails are delicious with extra butter sauce, a squirt of lemon juice and a sprinkling of fresh herbs such as dill or chives. Serve the lobster immediately after cooking for best results. The meat can be left inside the shell for presentation or may be taken out.
2. Broiling a Whole Lobster
2-1. Buy fresh lobster.
Look for live lobsters tanks at the supermarket or buy them from your local fishmonger. Be sure to look inside the lobster tank for lobsters that look vibrant and healthy. Avoid lobsters that are too still or have holes or black marks on their shells.
2-2. Parboil the lobster.
This is the recommended method for prepping a live lobster before you broil it. Boiling the lobster kills the fresh lobster quickly and ensures the meat gets thoroughly cooked, which is harder to do with broiling alone. To parboil the lobster, do the following:
Fill a large pot three quarters full with water. Add 2 tablespoons of salt for each quart of water. Bring the water to a full, rolling boil.
One at a time, plunge the live lobsters into the water headfirst. Cover the pot with a lid.
The length of time you boil the lobsters differs according to how much they weigh. A one-pound lobster should cook for 3 1/2 minutes, a 2-pound lobster for 5 1/2 minutes, and a 3-pound lobster for 7 1/2 minutes.
Submerge the parboiled lobster in an ice bath to stop the cooking.
2-3. Preheat the broiler.
Just before you're ready to broil the lobsters, preheat the broiler. If your broiler operates inside the main part of your oven, place the oven rack in the center of the oven to ensure even broiling.
2-4. Split the lobster in half lengthwise.
Use a sharp knife or a pair of kitchen shears to split it form the head to the tail. Remove the coral and tomalley, which look like greenish horseradish. These are the intestinal materials. While they're edible, they aren't pretty, so people often remove them for the sake of having a prettier presentation. Rinse the lobster to clean off the smaller bits.
If you want to broil the claws as well, crack them so that the heat from the broiler can reach them more easily.
2-5. Dress the lobster with a butter marinade.
Put the lobster flesh-side up in a roasting pan. In a bowl, mix together 1/4 cup of butter (per lobster) 1 clove of minced garlic per lobster, and salt and pepper to taste. Pour the mixture over the lobster to keep the meat moist while it cooks.
2-6. Broil the lobster.
Place the roasting pan under the broiler and cook it until the flesh is opaque and the butter has browned. Depending on the size of the lobster, it will take 10-12 minutes. Broiled lobster requires about 1 minute per ounce to cook properly. Remove it from the oven.
If the meat starts to look dry while the lobster is broiling, dress it with more butter to keep it from overcooking.
If the meat still looks translucent after 12 minutes, return it to the broiler for another 2-3 minutes.
2-7. Serve the lobster.
Place the whole lobster on a plate to serve. Garnish it with lemon juice and a sprinkling of chipped dill, parsley or chives. Whole broiled lobster is usually served in the shell for a striking presentation.
Tips
For additional flavor, try serving the lobster with extra melted butter placed in small bowls. Dipping the meat into the butter will enhance the natural flavor and give it extra juiciness.
Lobster meat is delicate and will overcook very quickly. If you are unsure, check the temperature of the tails. The meat is done when the temperature reads 145 degrees Fahrenheit (127 degrees Celsius). At this point, the meat should be light brown and still firm to the touch. It may take several experiments with your broiler to find the right balance.
If you are broiling a lobster that is larger, heat the lobster on the stove top over medium heat for 1 to 2 minutes before putting it underneath the broiler. Place the lobster inside a heavy skillet with the meat facing up. This will help cook the lobster thoroughly without drying it out.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Broiling Lobster Tails\\n1-1. Choose fresh or frozen tails.\\nThe easiest way to make broiled lobster is to pick up some lobster tails, either frozen or fresh, from the supermarket or your local fishmonger. Lobster tails are the meatiest part of the lobster. You can certainly broil the other parts, too, but if you're looking for an easier preparation experience, you can't go wrong with tails.\\nIf you choose fresh lobster tails, keep them refrigerated until use.\\nIf you buy frozen lobster tails, thaw them in the refrigerator overnight before using. This will help ensure they cook evenly.\\n1-2. Preheat the broiler.\\nJust before you're ready to broil the lobsters, preheat the broiler. If your broiler operates inside the main part of your oven, place the oven rack in the center of the oven to ensure even broiling.\\n1-3. Wash the tails under cool water.\\nWipe them clean with a paper towel.\\n1-4. Cut a \\\"window\\\" out of the shells.\\nUse a sharp pair of kitchen scissors to cut a rectangular window shaped-piece along the top curve of the lobster tails. This exposes the flesh so that it will cook thoroughly under the broiler. Don't remove the shell entirely: just cut away a section that's a few inches wide and runs the length of the lobster tail.\\nYou can use a knife to do the job if you don't have a pair of scissors. Try a serrated knife, which is less likely to slip on the slick lobster shell.\\nIf you prefer, you can simply make one cut along the length of the tail, then pull the shell halves apart with your hands to expose the flesh.\\n1-5. Prepare the butter marinade.\\nSince lobster meat dries out pretty quickly when it cooks, it's usually broiled with flavored butter to keep it moist. The most important ingredient in the butter sauce is the butter, of course - and it can be flavored any way you like. To make a delicious basic butter sauce, mix the following ingredients together in a bowl:\\n1/4 cup melted butter per lobster tail\\n1 minced garlic clove per lobster tail\\nSalt and pepper to taste\\n1-6. Dress the lobster tails.\\nPlace them flesh-side up in a small roasting pan that will catch all the drippings. Pour the butter sauce over the lobster tails, allowing it to pool inside the shells.\\n1-7. Broil the lobster tails.\\nPut the baking pan under the broil and cook the lobster tails for 10-12 minutes. The lobster tails are ready when the flesh is opaque in the middle and the butter has browned. Remove them from the oven.\\nIf the flesh still looks a little translucent, the lobster tails aren't ready yet. Broil them for another 2-3 minutes and check again.\\nDon't overcook the lobster - the meat could become a bit rubbery. Be sure to check after 10-12 minutes to see if the lobster is done.\\nAs a general rule, broiled lobster requires 1 minute per ounce of meat to cook properly.\\n1-8. Serve the lobster.\\nBroiled lobster tails are delicious with extra butter sauce, a squirt of lemon juice and a sprinkling of fresh herbs such as dill or chives. Serve the lobster immediately after cooking for best results. The meat can be left inside the shell for presentation or may be taken out.\\n2. Broiling a Whole Lobster\\n2-1. Buy fresh lobster.\\nLook for live lobsters tanks at the supermarket or buy them from your local fishmonger. Be sure to look inside the lobster tank for lobsters that look vibrant and healthy. Avoid lobsters that are too still or have holes or black marks on their shells.\\n2-2. Parboil the lobster.\\nThis is the recommended method for prepping a live lobster before you broil it. Boiling the lobster kills the fresh lobster quickly and ensures the meat gets thoroughly cooked, which is harder to do with broiling alone. To parboil the lobster, do the following:\\nFill a large pot three quarters full with water. Add 2 tablespoons of salt for each quart of water. Bring the water to a full, rolling boil.\\nOne at a time, plunge the live lobsters into the water headfirst. Cover the pot with a lid.\\nThe length of time you boil the lobsters differs according to how much they weigh. A one-pound lobster should cook for 3 1/2 minutes, a 2-pound lobster for 5 1/2 minutes, and a 3-pound lobster for 7 1/2 minutes.\\nSubmerge the parboiled lobster in an ice bath to stop the cooking.\\n2-3. Preheat the broiler.\\nJust before you're ready to broil the lobsters, preheat the broiler. If your broiler operates inside the main part of your oven, place the oven rack in the center of the oven to ensure even broiling.\\n2-4. Split the lobster in half lengthwise.\\nUse a sharp knife or a pair of kitchen shears to split it form the head to the tail. Remove the coral and tomalley, which look like greenish horseradish. These are the intestinal materials. While they're edible, they aren't pretty, so people often remove them for the sake of having a prettier presentation. Rinse the lobster to clean off the smaller bits.\\nIf you want to broil the claws as well, crack them so that the heat from the broiler can reach them more easily.\\n2-5. Dress the lobster with a butter marinade.\\nPut the lobster flesh-side up in a roasting pan. In a bowl, mix together 1/4 cup of butter (per lobster) 1 clove of minced garlic per lobster, and salt and pepper to taste. Pour the mixture over the lobster to keep the meat moist while it cooks.\\n2-6. Broil the lobster.\\nPlace the roasting pan under the broiler and cook it until the flesh is opaque and the butter has browned. Depending on the size of the lobster, it will take 10-12 minutes. Broiled lobster requires about 1 minute per ounce to cook properly. Remove it from the oven.\\nIf the meat starts to look dry while the lobster is broiling, dress it with more butter to keep it from overcooking.\\nIf the meat still looks translucent after 12 minutes, return it to the broiler for another 2-3 minutes.\\n2-7. Serve the lobster.\\nPlace the whole lobster on a plate to serve. Garnish it with lemon juice and a sprinkling of chipped dill, parsley or chives. Whole broiled lobster is usually served in the shell for a striking presentation.\\nTips\\nFor additional flavor, try serving the lobster with extra melted butter placed in small bowls. Dipping the meat into the butter will enhance the natural flavor and give it extra juiciness.\\nLobster meat is delicate and will overcook very quickly. If you are unsure, check the temperature of the tails. The meat is done when the temperature reads 145 degrees Fahrenheit (127 degrees Celsius). At this point, the meat should be light brown and still firm to the touch. It may take several experiments with your broiler to find the right balance.\\nIf you are broiling a lobster that is larger, heat the lobster on the stove top over medium heat for 1 to 2 minutes before putting it underneath the broiler. Place the lobster inside a heavy skillet with the meat facing up. This will help cook the lobster thoroughly without drying it out.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Broiled lobster is one of the most expensive dishes you can order at an upscale restaurant, yet it's quite simple to make on your own. Broiling fresh lobster results in succulent, tender meat that's delicious dipped in herb and butter sauce. See Step 1 to learn how to make and serve broiled lobster tails, whole lobster, and lobster thermidor.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Broiling Lobster Tails\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose fresh or frozen tails.\", \"描述\": \"The easiest way to make broiled lobster is to pick up some lobster tails, either frozen or fresh, from the supermarket or your local fishmonger. Lobster tails are the meatiest part of the lobster. You can certainly broil the other parts, too, but if you're looking for an easier preparation experience, you can't go wrong with tails.\\nIf you choose fresh lobster tails, keep them refrigerated until use.\\nIf you buy frozen lobster tails, thaw them in the refrigerator overnight before using. This will help ensure they cook evenly.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preheat the broiler.\", \"描述\": \"Just before you're ready to broil the lobsters, preheat the broiler. If your broiler operates inside the main part of your oven, place the oven rack in the center of the oven to ensure even broiling.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wash the tails under cool water.\", \"描述\": \"Wipe them clean with a paper towel.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cut a \\\"window\\\" out of the shells.\", \"描述\": \"Use a sharp pair of kitchen scissors to cut a rectangular window shaped-piece along the top curve of the lobster tails. This exposes the flesh so that it will cook thoroughly under the broiler. Don't remove the shell entirely: just cut away a section that's a few inches wide and runs the length of the lobster tail.\\nYou can use a knife to do the job if you don't have a pair of scissors. Try a serrated knife, which is less likely to slip on the slick lobster shell.\\nIf you prefer, you can simply make one cut along the length of the tail, then pull the shell halves apart with your hands to expose the flesh.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Prepare the butter marinade.\", \"描述\": \"Since lobster meat dries out pretty quickly when it cooks, it's usually broiled with flavored butter to keep it moist. The most important ingredient in the butter sauce is the butter, of course - and it can be flavored any way you like. To make a delicious basic butter sauce, mix the following ingredients together in a bowl:\\n1/4 cup melted butter per lobster tail\\n1 minced garlic clove per lobster tail\\nSalt and pepper to taste\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Dress the lobster tails.\", \"描述\": \"Place them flesh-side up in a small roasting pan that will catch all the drippings. Pour the butter sauce over the lobster tails, allowing it to pool inside the shells.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Broil the lobster tails.\", \"描述\": \"Put the baking pan under the broil and cook the lobster tails for 10-12 minutes. The lobster tails are ready when the flesh is opaque in the middle and the butter has browned. Remove them from the oven.\\nIf the flesh still looks a little translucent, the lobster tails aren't ready yet. Broil them for another 2-3 minutes and check again.\\nDon't overcook the lobster - the meat could become a bit rubbery. Be sure to check after 10-12 minutes to see if the lobster is done.\\nAs a general rule, broiled lobster requires 1 minute per ounce of meat to cook properly.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Serve the lobster.\", \"描述\": \"Broiled lobster tails are delicious with extra butter sauce, a squirt of lemon juice and a sprinkling of fresh herbs such as dill or chives. Serve the lobster immediately after cooking for best results. The meat can be left inside the shell for presentation or may be taken out.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Broiling a Whole Lobster\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buy fresh lobster.\", \"描述\": \"Look for live lobsters tanks at the supermarket or buy them from your local fishmonger. Be sure to look inside the lobster tank for lobsters that look vibrant and healthy. Avoid lobsters that are too still or have holes or black marks on their shells.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Parboil the lobster.\", \"描述\": \"This is the recommended method for prepping a live lobster before you broil it. Boiling the lobster kills the fresh lobster quickly and ensures the meat gets thoroughly cooked, which is harder to do with broiling alone. To parboil the lobster, do the following:\\nFill a large pot three quarters full with water. Add 2 tablespoons of salt for each quart of water. Bring the water to a full, rolling boil.\\nOne at a time, plunge the live lobsters into the water headfirst. Cover the pot with a lid.\\nThe length of time you boil the lobsters differs according to how much they weigh. A one-pound lobster should cook for 3 1/2 minutes, a 2-pound lobster for 5 1/2 minutes, and a 3-pound lobster for 7 1/2 minutes.\\nSubmerge the parboiled lobster in an ice bath to stop the cooking.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Preheat the broiler.\", \"描述\": \"Just before you're ready to broil the lobsters, preheat the broiler. If your broiler operates inside the main part of your oven, place the oven rack in the center of the oven to ensure even broiling.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Split the lobster in half lengthwise.\", \"描述\": \"Use a sharp knife or a pair of kitchen shears to split it form the head to the tail. Remove the coral and tomalley, which look like greenish horseradish. These are the intestinal materials. While they're edible, they aren't pretty, so people often remove them for the sake of having a prettier presentation. Rinse the lobster to clean off the smaller bits.\\nIf you want to broil the claws as well, crack them so that the heat from the broiler can reach them more easily.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Dress the lobster with a butter marinade.\", \"描述\": \"Put the lobster flesh-side up in a roasting pan. In a bowl, mix together 1/4 cup of butter (per lobster) 1 clove of minced garlic per lobster, and salt and pepper to taste. Pour the mixture over the lobster to keep the meat moist while it cooks.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Broil the lobster.\", \"描述\": \"Place the roasting pan under the broiler and cook it until the flesh is opaque and the butter has browned. Depending on the size of the lobster, it will take 10-12 minutes. Broiled lobster requires about 1 minute per ounce to cook properly. Remove it from the oven.\\nIf the meat starts to look dry while the lobster is broiling, dress it with more butter to keep it from overcooking.\\nIf the meat still looks translucent after 12 minutes, return it to the broiler for another 2-3 minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Serve the lobster.\", \"描述\": \"Place the whole lobster on a plate to serve. Garnish it with lemon juice and a sprinkling of chipped dill, parsley or chives. Whole broiled lobster is usually served in the shell for a striking presentation.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"For additional flavor, try serving the lobster with extra melted butter placed in small bowls. Dipping the meat into the butter will enhance the natural flavor and give it extra juiciness.\\n\", \"Lobster meat is delicate and will overcook very quickly. If you are unsure, check the temperature of the tails. The meat is done when the temperature reads 145 degrees Fahrenheit (127 degrees Celsius). At this point, the meat should be light brown and still firm to the touch. It may take several experiments with your broiler to find the right balance.\\n\", \"If you are broiling a lobster that is larger, heat the lobster on the stove top over medium heat for 1 to 2 minutes before putting it underneath the broiler. Place the lobster inside a heavy skillet with the meat facing up. This will help cook the lobster thoroughly without drying it out.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,039 |
How to Broil Lobster Tails
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1. Preparing the Lobster Tails
1-1. Remove the tails if using whole lobsters.
If working with whole fresh lobsters, you will need to briefly parboil the lobsters in salted water before removing the tails.
Salt a large stockpot of water and bring it to a boil over high heat.
Add the lobsters and cook for 2 minutes.
Use a sharp knife to cut off the tails.
Return the bodies and claws to the boiling water for another 10 to 13 minutes to finish cooking them.
1-2. Thaw and rinse frozen lobster tails.
If working with frozen lobster tails, thaw them overnight in your refrigerator and rinse them well in cool running water.
Rinse the lobster tails under running water and pat dry with clean paper towels.
1-3. Make two lengthwise cuts through the top of the tail shells.
Use a sharp knife or sharp kitchen scissors to cut out a section of the lobster shell.
Begin cutting along the length of the tail just right of center. Cut from the open end all the way down to the base of the tail.
Move the knife of scissors roughly 1 inch (2.5 cm) to the left and make an identical cut on the left side.
Make a final horizontal cut at the base of the tail, connecting the two lengthwise cuts.
As you cut, make sure to keep the blade close to the top underside of the shell. You can cut into the meat slightly, but you do not want to cut through it completely, nor do you want to slice into the bottom of the shell.
Remove the cut piece by peeling it away.
1-4. Rinse the tails again.
Lightly rinse the cut lobster tails under cool, running water to remove any bits of lobster shell that may have stuck to the meat.
Pat dry with clean paper towels when done.
1-5. Remove the digestive tract.
The digestive tract is the dark line that runs from one end of the tail to the other, across the entire length.
To remove the digestive tract, slide the tip of your blade directly under one end of the dark line, cutting it free while keeping it attached to the rest of the tract.
Grip the digestive tract between your index finger and thumb and gently peel it up and back. Trim it off at the end with your blade.
Note that this is only optional. You can leave the digestive tract in place, if desired, and it should not affect the taste of the lobster tail. Removing it is mostly done for aesthetic purposes.
1-6. Loosen the meat and lift it up.
Use your fingers to sever the lobster meat from the bottom and sides of the shell. Lift it up and rest it on top of the shell.
Slide your fingers along the side of the meat and underneath it, starting from the wide end of the tail.
Loosen all of the meat except for a small portion at the small end of the tail.
Lift the meat, intact, through the opening in the shell. Let it rest gently on top of the remaining shell.
By keeping the meat above the shell, you allow the heat to circulate through all sides of the meat more evenly.
2. Preparing the Stuffing (Optional)
2-1. Melt the butter in a medium skillet.
Add the butter and heat it over medium-high until completely melted.
Once the butter melts, proceed to the next step. Do not wait for the milk solids to separate from the butter. In other words, if the butter begins to smoke or if white foam appears on the surface, you have left it on the heat for too long.
2-2. Add the garlic.
Stir the garlic continuously for 1 minute, or until it becomes lightly toasted and fragrant.
Watch the garlic as it cooks. It can burn quickly, and if it does burn, you will need to toss out the contents of the pan and start over to avoid contaminating the flavor.
2-3. Stir in the bread crumbs.
Remove the skillet from the heat and stir the bread crumbs in, coating them completely with butter and garlic.
Keep stirring until the bread crumbs are thoroughly moistened. The butter should be completely absorbed when done.
2-4. Add the cheese and parsley.
Stir well until thoroughly combined.
Keep stirring until the cheese is slightly melted and the parsley seems evenly distributed throughout the mixture.
2-5. Keep warm until ready to use.
Set the stuffing aside and prepare to broil the lobster.
Note that you should not prepare a butter sauce if you plan on using stuffing, and vice versa.
3. Making Butter Sauce (Optional)
3-1. Melt the butter in a small saucepan.
Place the butter in a saucepan and heat over medium until it becomes foamy.
Once the butter melts and takes on a white, foamy appearance, the solids have begun to separate from the liquid portion of the butter.
Skim and discard the foam on the top of the butter. You are, essentially, creating clarified butter.
3-2. Stir in the garlic powder and lemon juice.
Mix well until completely combined.
The garlic powder should be dissolved and the lemon juice must be well incorporated into the butter. Mix the garlic and juice into the butter while the saucepan is still on the heat, stirring it with a mixing spoon for another 1 minute or so.
3-3. Keep warm until ready to use.
Set the butter sauce aside and prepare to broil the lobster.
Note that you should not prepare stuffing if you plan on using butter sauce, and vice versa.
4. Broiling the Lobster
4-1. Preheat the boiler.
Meanwhile, arrange the lobster tails on unheated broiler pan rack.
The broiler will need to preheat for 5 to 10 minutes in order to get adequately hot. Most broilers only have an “on” setting, but if you have a broiler with “high” and “low” settings, set it to “high.”
If you do not have a broiler function on your oven, set the bake temperature to 500 degrees Fahrenheit (260 degrees Celsius). Give it 15 to 20 minutes to preheat completely.
Keep the tails in a single layer. Do not stack them together.
4-2. Season the exposed meat.
Sprinkle the meat evenly with paprika, salt, and black pepper.
The paprika, salt, and pepper, can be used even if you are using a butter sauce or a stuffing, or they can be used without either option.
4-3. Drizzle with butter sauce, if desired.
If you prepared a butter sauce, brush it evenly over the exposed meat of the tail using a pastry brush.
Rub the butter sauce over all sides of the meat, including the bottom. Lather a large amount on the top, however, so that the top of the meat browns better in the broiler.
4-4. Broil until lightly browned.
The meat should turn opaque, as well. This will usually take about 10 to 11 minutes.
Precise broiling times vary depending on the weight of the lobster. It takes roughly 1 minute to cook every 1 oz (30 g) of lobster tail.
The lobster tails should be placed roughly 4 to 9 inches (10 to 23 cm) away from the upper broiler coils of the oven.
Watch the lobster tails carefully as they broil. When they overcook, they take on a rubbery texture.
Once finished, the lobster meat should reach an internal temperature of 145 degrees Fahrenheit (63 degrees Celsius). This can be checked with an instant-read meat thermometer.
Note, however, that if you plan on stuffing the lobster tails, you will need to remove them from the broiler roughly 1 minute before they are done.
4-5. Stuff the lobster tails and continue broiling, if desired.
If you made stuffing for the lobster tails, spoon it in equal amounts into the space between the flesh and the shell. Continue broiling for 30 to 60 seconds, or until the stuffing turns light brown.
Shove the stuffing into the slits of the shell and beneath the meat. It should be fairly well packed.
4-6. Serve immediately.
The lobster tails should be removed from the oven and transferred to individual serving plates while still hot.
You can also serve the lobster tails with wedges of lemon on the side for a pretty display.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:51",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing the Lobster Tails\\n1-1. Remove the tails if using whole lobsters.\\nIf working with whole fresh lobsters, you will need to briefly parboil the lobsters in salted water before removing the tails.\\nSalt a large stockpot of water and bring it to a boil over high heat.\\nAdd the lobsters and cook for 2 minutes.\\nUse a sharp knife to cut off the tails.\\nReturn the bodies and claws to the boiling water for another 10 to 13 minutes to finish cooking them.\\n1-2. Thaw and rinse frozen lobster tails.\\nIf working with frozen lobster tails, thaw them overnight in your refrigerator and rinse them well in cool running water.\\nRinse the lobster tails under running water and pat dry with clean paper towels.\\n1-3. Make two lengthwise cuts through the top of the tail shells.\\nUse a sharp knife or sharp kitchen scissors to cut out a section of the lobster shell.\\nBegin cutting along the length of the tail just right of center. Cut from the open end all the way down to the base of the tail.\\nMove the knife of scissors roughly 1 inch (2.5 cm) to the left and make an identical cut on the left side.\\nMake a final horizontal cut at the base of the tail, connecting the two lengthwise cuts.\\nAs you cut, make sure to keep the blade close to the top underside of the shell. You can cut into the meat slightly, but you do not want to cut through it completely, nor do you want to slice into the bottom of the shell.\\nRemove the cut piece by peeling it away.\\n1-4. Rinse the tails again.\\nLightly rinse the cut lobster tails under cool, running water to remove any bits of lobster shell that may have stuck to the meat.\\nPat dry with clean paper towels when done.\\n1-5. Remove the digestive tract.\\nThe digestive tract is the dark line that runs from one end of the tail to the other, across the entire length.\\nTo remove the digestive tract, slide the tip of your blade directly under one end of the dark line, cutting it free while keeping it attached to the rest of the tract.\\nGrip the digestive tract between your index finger and thumb and gently peel it up and back. Trim it off at the end with your blade.\\nNote that this is only optional. You can leave the digestive tract in place, if desired, and it should not affect the taste of the lobster tail. Removing it is mostly done for aesthetic purposes.\\n1-6. Loosen the meat and lift it up.\\nUse your fingers to sever the lobster meat from the bottom and sides of the shell. Lift it up and rest it on top of the shell.\\nSlide your fingers along the side of the meat and underneath it, starting from the wide end of the tail.\\nLoosen all of the meat except for a small portion at the small end of the tail.\\nLift the meat, intact, through the opening in the shell. Let it rest gently on top of the remaining shell.\\nBy keeping the meat above the shell, you allow the heat to circulate through all sides of the meat more evenly.\\n2. Preparing the Stuffing (Optional)\\n2-1. Melt the butter in a medium skillet.\\nAdd the butter and heat it over medium-high until completely melted.\\nOnce the butter melts, proceed to the next step. Do not wait for the milk solids to separate from the butter. In other words, if the butter begins to smoke or if white foam appears on the surface, you have left it on the heat for too long.\\n2-2. Add the garlic.\\nStir the garlic continuously for 1 minute, or until it becomes lightly toasted and fragrant.\\nWatch the garlic as it cooks. It can burn quickly, and if it does burn, you will need to toss out the contents of the pan and start over to avoid contaminating the flavor.\\n2-3. Stir in the bread crumbs.\\nRemove the skillet from the heat and stir the bread crumbs in, coating them completely with butter and garlic.\\nKeep stirring until the bread crumbs are thoroughly moistened. The butter should be completely absorbed when done.\\n2-4. Add the cheese and parsley.\\nStir well until thoroughly combined.\\nKeep stirring until the cheese is slightly melted and the parsley seems evenly distributed throughout the mixture.\\n2-5. Keep warm until ready to use.\\nSet the stuffing aside and prepare to broil the lobster.\\nNote that you should not prepare a butter sauce if you plan on using stuffing, and vice versa.\\n3. Making Butter Sauce (Optional)\\n3-1. Melt the butter in a small saucepan.\\nPlace the butter in a saucepan and heat over medium until it becomes foamy.\\nOnce the butter melts and takes on a white, foamy appearance, the solids have begun to separate from the liquid portion of the butter.\\nSkim and discard the foam on the top of the butter. You are, essentially, creating clarified butter.\\n3-2. Stir in the garlic powder and lemon juice.\\nMix well until completely combined.\\nThe garlic powder should be dissolved and the lemon juice must be well incorporated into the butter. Mix the garlic and juice into the butter while the saucepan is still on the heat, stirring it with a mixing spoon for another 1 minute or so.\\n3-3. Keep warm until ready to use.\\nSet the butter sauce aside and prepare to broil the lobster.\\nNote that you should not prepare stuffing if you plan on using butter sauce, and vice versa.\\n4. Broiling the Lobster\\n4-1. Preheat the boiler.\\nMeanwhile, arrange the lobster tails on unheated broiler pan rack.\\nThe broiler will need to preheat for 5 to 10 minutes in order to get adequately hot. Most broilers only have an “on” setting, but if you have a broiler with “high” and “low” settings, set it to “high.”\\nIf you do not have a broiler function on your oven, set the bake temperature to 500 degrees Fahrenheit (260 degrees Celsius). Give it 15 to 20 minutes to preheat completely.\\nKeep the tails in a single layer. Do not stack them together.\\n4-2. Season the exposed meat.\\nSprinkle the meat evenly with paprika, salt, and black pepper.\\nThe paprika, salt, and pepper, can be used even if you are using a butter sauce or a stuffing, or they can be used without either option.\\n4-3. Drizzle with butter sauce, if desired.\\nIf you prepared a butter sauce, brush it evenly over the exposed meat of the tail using a pastry brush.\\nRub the butter sauce over all sides of the meat, including the bottom. Lather a large amount on the top, however, so that the top of the meat browns better in the broiler.\\n4-4. Broil until lightly browned.\\nThe meat should turn opaque, as well. This will usually take about 10 to 11 minutes.\\nPrecise broiling times vary depending on the weight of the lobster. It takes roughly 1 minute to cook every 1 oz (30 g) of lobster tail.\\nThe lobster tails should be placed roughly 4 to 9 inches (10 to 23 cm) away from the upper broiler coils of the oven.\\nWatch the lobster tails carefully as they broil. When they overcook, they take on a rubbery texture.\\nOnce finished, the lobster meat should reach an internal temperature of 145 degrees Fahrenheit (63 degrees Celsius). This can be checked with an instant-read meat thermometer.\\nNote, however, that if you plan on stuffing the lobster tails, you will need to remove them from the broiler roughly 1 minute before they are done.\\n4-5. Stuff the lobster tails and continue broiling, if desired.\\nIf you made stuffing for the lobster tails, spoon it in equal amounts into the space between the flesh and the shell. Continue broiling for 30 to 60 seconds, or until the stuffing turns light brown.\\nShove the stuffing into the slits of the shell and beneath the meat. It should be fairly well packed.\\n4-6. Serve immediately.\\nThe lobster tails should be removed from the oven and transferred to individual serving plates while still hot.\\nYou can also serve the lobster tails with wedges of lemon on the side for a pretty display.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Lobster tails are a savory, delectable dish, and are fairly easy to prepare when broiled. The tails are commonly prepared with a stuffing or butter sauce, but you usually opt for one or the other rather than both. Keep reading to learn more about how to do it.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing the Lobster Tails\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Remove the tails if using whole lobsters.\", \"描述\": \"If working with whole fresh lobsters, you will need to briefly parboil the lobsters in salted water before removing the tails.\\nSalt a large stockpot of water and bring it to a boil over high heat.\\nAdd the lobsters and cook for 2 minutes.\\nUse a sharp knife to cut off the tails.\\nReturn the bodies and claws to the boiling water for another 10 to 13 minutes to finish cooking them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Thaw and rinse frozen lobster tails.\", \"描述\": \"If working with frozen lobster tails, thaw them overnight in your refrigerator and rinse them well in cool running water.\\nRinse the lobster tails under running water and pat dry with clean paper towels.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make two lengthwise cuts through the top of the tail shells.\", \"描述\": \"Use a sharp knife or sharp kitchen scissors to cut out a section of the lobster shell.\\nBegin cutting along the length of the tail just right of center. Cut from the open end all the way down to the base of the tail.\\nMove the knife of scissors roughly 1 inch (2.5 cm) to the left and make an identical cut on the left side.\\nMake a final horizontal cut at the base of the tail, connecting the two lengthwise cuts.\\nAs you cut, make sure to keep the blade close to the top underside of the shell. You can cut into the meat slightly, but you do not want to cut through it completely, nor do you want to slice into the bottom of the shell.\\nRemove the cut piece by peeling it away.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Rinse the tails again.\", \"描述\": \"Lightly rinse the cut lobster tails under cool, running water to remove any bits of lobster shell that may have stuck to the meat.\\nPat dry with clean paper towels when done.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Remove the digestive tract.\", \"描述\": \"The digestive tract is the dark line that runs from one end of the tail to the other, across the entire length.\\nTo remove the digestive tract, slide the tip of your blade directly under one end of the dark line, cutting it free while keeping it attached to the rest of the tract.\\nGrip the digestive tract between your index finger and thumb and gently peel it up and back. Trim it off at the end with your blade.\\nNote that this is only optional. You can leave the digestive tract in place, if desired, and it should not affect the taste of the lobster tail. Removing it is mostly done for aesthetic purposes.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Loosen the meat and lift it up.\", \"描述\": \"Use your fingers to sever the lobster meat from the bottom and sides of the shell. Lift it up and rest it on top of the shell.\\nSlide your fingers along the side of the meat and underneath it, starting from the wide end of the tail.\\nLoosen all of the meat except for a small portion at the small end of the tail.\\nLift the meat, intact, through the opening in the shell. Let it rest gently on top of the remaining shell.\\nBy keeping the meat above the shell, you allow the heat to circulate through all sides of the meat more evenly.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preparing the Stuffing (Optional)\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Melt the butter in a medium skillet.\", \"描述\": \"Add the butter and heat it over medium-high until completely melted.\\nOnce the butter melts, proceed to the next step. Do not wait for the milk solids to separate from the butter. In other words, if the butter begins to smoke or if white foam appears on the surface, you have left it on the heat for too long.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add the garlic.\", \"描述\": \"Stir the garlic continuously for 1 minute, or until it becomes lightly toasted and fragrant.\\nWatch the garlic as it cooks. It can burn quickly, and if it does burn, you will need to toss out the contents of the pan and start over to avoid contaminating the flavor.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stir in the bread crumbs.\", \"描述\": \"Remove the skillet from the heat and stir the bread crumbs in, coating them completely with butter and garlic.\\nKeep stirring until the bread crumbs are thoroughly moistened. The butter should be completely absorbed when done.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add the cheese and parsley.\", \"描述\": \"Stir well until thoroughly combined.\\nKeep stirring until the cheese is slightly melted and the parsley seems evenly distributed throughout the mixture.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep warm until ready to use.\", \"描述\": \"Set the stuffing aside and prepare to broil the lobster.\\nNote that you should not prepare a butter sauce if you plan on using stuffing, and vice versa.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Making Butter Sauce (Optional)\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Melt the butter in a small saucepan.\", \"描述\": \"Place the butter in a saucepan and heat over medium until it becomes foamy.\\nOnce the butter melts and takes on a white, foamy appearance, the solids have begun to separate from the liquid portion of the butter.\\nSkim and discard the foam on the top of the butter. You are, essentially, creating clarified butter.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stir in the garlic powder and lemon juice.\", \"描述\": \"Mix well until completely combined.\\nThe garlic powder should be dissolved and the lemon juice must be well incorporated into the butter. Mix the garlic and juice into the butter while the saucepan is still on the heat, stirring it with a mixing spoon for another 1 minute or so.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Keep warm until ready to use.\", \"描述\": \"Set the butter sauce aside and prepare to broil the lobster.\\nNote that you should not prepare stuffing if you plan on using butter sauce, and vice versa.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Broiling the Lobster\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preheat the boiler.\", \"描述\": \"Meanwhile, arrange the lobster tails on unheated broiler pan rack.\\nThe broiler will need to preheat for 5 to 10 minutes in order to get adequately hot. Most broilers only have an “on” setting, but if you have a broiler with “high” and “low” settings, set it to “high.”\\nIf you do not have a broiler function on your oven, set the bake temperature to 500 degrees Fahrenheit (260 degrees Celsius). Give it 15 to 20 minutes to preheat completely.\\nKeep the tails in a single layer. Do not stack them together.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Season the exposed meat.\", \"描述\": \"Sprinkle the meat evenly with paprika, salt, and black pepper.\\nThe paprika, salt, and pepper, can be used even if you are using a butter sauce or a stuffing, or they can be used without either option.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Drizzle with butter sauce, if desired.\", \"描述\": \"If you prepared a butter sauce, brush it evenly over the exposed meat of the tail using a pastry brush.\\nRub the butter sauce over all sides of the meat, including the bottom. Lather a large amount on the top, however, so that the top of the meat browns better in the broiler.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Broil until lightly browned.\", \"描述\": \"The meat should turn opaque, as well. This will usually take about 10 to 11 minutes.\\nPrecise broiling times vary depending on the weight of the lobster. It takes roughly 1 minute to cook every 1 oz (30 g) of lobster tail.\\nThe lobster tails should be placed roughly 4 to 9 inches (10 to 23 cm) away from the upper broiler coils of the oven.\\nWatch the lobster tails carefully as they broil. When they overcook, they take on a rubbery texture.\\nOnce finished, the lobster meat should reach an internal temperature of 145 degrees Fahrenheit (63 degrees Celsius). This can be checked with an instant-read meat thermometer.\\nNote, however, that if you plan on stuffing the lobster tails, you will need to remove them from the broiler roughly 1 minute before they are done.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Stuff the lobster tails and continue broiling, if desired.\", \"描述\": \"If you made stuffing for the lobster tails, spoon it in equal amounts into the space between the flesh and the shell. Continue broiling for 30 to 60 seconds, or until the stuffing turns light brown.\\nShove the stuffing into the slits of the shell and beneath the meat. It should be fairly well packed.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Serve immediately.\", \"描述\": \"The lobster tails should be removed from the oven and transferred to individual serving plates while still hot.\\nYou can also serve the lobster tails with wedges of lemon on the side for a pretty display.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,040 |
How to Broil Salmon
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1. Steps
1-1. Set up the oven rack so the rack is 7” to 8” (18 to 20 centimeters) from the broiler.
In electric ovens, the broiler is located on top. Broilers with gas ovens are normally on top or in a drawer beneath the oven.
1-2. Place your broiler pan inside your oven and preheat your broiler.
1-3. Place a long strip of aluminum foil on your countertop and spray it with nonstick cooking spray.
1-4. Place your salmon on top of the foil with the skin side down and the pink flesh facing up.
1-5. Drizzle 1 teaspoon (5 milliliters) of olive oil on top of the salmon.
Use your fingers to rub the oil into the flesh.
1-6. Sprinkle 1/2 teaspoon (3 grams) of salt and 1/2 teaspoon (3 grams) of freshly ground black pepper on top of your salmon fillet.
1-7. Open the oven and extend the rack that is holding the broiler pan.
Make sure that you are wearing oven mitts because the broiler will be hot.
1-8. Grasp the sheet of aluminum foil in both hands and place the foil and the salmon on top of the broiler pan.
The hot broiler pan will ensure the salmon cooks evenly on both sides.
1-9. Broil the salmon for 10 to 15 minutes.
Check the fish every two minutes to ensure that it isn’t burning.
1-10. Remove the salmon from the oven and place the pan on your range top or on a counter top protected with hot pads.
Allow the fish to rest for a few minutes to redistribute the juices.
1-11. Serve the salmon fillet on a plate with a wedge of lemon.
Tips
For a variation, cover the salmon with apricot preserves after you season it with the salt and pepper. Broiling the salmon with the preserves on top will make a quick and delicious glaze.
Cover salmon with honey or syrup during the last 2 minutes of broiling to create a sweet glaze.
Choose salmon at the market that has bright, pinkish flesh. Never choose salmon that has a strong, “fishy” smell.
Warnings
Wash your hands after touching raw salmon.
Salmon may contain trace amounts of mercury, which could be dangerous for a developing fetus. If you are pregnant, then speak to your obstetrician about consuming salmon or other fatty fish.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Set up the oven rack so the rack is 7” to 8” (18 to 20 centimeters) from the broiler.\\nIn electric ovens, the broiler is located on top. Broilers with gas ovens are normally on top or in a drawer beneath the oven.\\n1-2. Place your broiler pan inside your oven and preheat your broiler.\\n\\n1-3. Place a long strip of aluminum foil on your countertop and spray it with nonstick cooking spray.\\n\\n1-4. Place your salmon on top of the foil with the skin side down and the pink flesh facing up.\\n\\n1-5. Drizzle 1 teaspoon (5 milliliters) of olive oil on top of the salmon.\\nUse your fingers to rub the oil into the flesh.\\n1-6. Sprinkle 1/2 teaspoon (3 grams) of salt and 1/2 teaspoon (3 grams) of freshly ground black pepper on top of your salmon fillet.\\n\\n1-7. Open the oven and extend the rack that is holding the broiler pan.\\nMake sure that you are wearing oven mitts because the broiler will be hot.\\n1-8. Grasp the sheet of aluminum foil in both hands and place the foil and the salmon on top of the broiler pan.\\nThe hot broiler pan will ensure the salmon cooks evenly on both sides.\\n1-9. Broil the salmon for 10 to 15 minutes.\\nCheck the fish every two minutes to ensure that it isn’t burning.\\n1-10. Remove the salmon from the oven and place the pan on your range top or on a counter top protected with hot pads.\\nAllow the fish to rest for a few minutes to redistribute the juices.\\n1-11. Serve the salmon fillet on a plate with a wedge of lemon.\\n\\nTips\\nFor a variation, cover the salmon with apricot preserves after you season it with the salt and pepper. Broiling the salmon with the preserves on top will make a quick and delicious glaze.\\nCover salmon with honey or syrup during the last 2 minutes of broiling to create a sweet glaze.\\nChoose salmon at the market that has bright, pinkish flesh. Never choose salmon that has a strong, “fishy” smell.\\nWarnings\\nWash your hands after touching raw salmon.\\nSalmon may contain trace amounts of mercury, which could be dangerous for a developing fetus. If you are pregnant, then speak to your obstetrician about consuming salmon or other fatty fish.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Broiling salmon is one of the quickest ways to cook this delicious and heart-healthy fish. Broiling gives the fish a crisp, caramelized crust.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Set up the oven rack so the rack is 7” to 8” (18 to 20 centimeters) from the broiler.\", \"描述\": \"In electric ovens, the broiler is located on top. Broilers with gas ovens are normally on top or in a drawer beneath the oven.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Place your broiler pan inside your oven and preheat your broiler.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Place a long strip of aluminum foil on your countertop and spray it with nonstick cooking spray.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Place your salmon on top of the foil with the skin side down and the pink flesh facing up.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Drizzle 1 teaspoon (5 milliliters) of olive oil on top of the salmon.\", \"描述\": \"Use your fingers to rub the oil into the flesh.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Sprinkle 1/2 teaspoon (3 grams) of salt and 1/2 teaspoon (3 grams) of freshly ground black pepper on top of your salmon fillet.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Open the oven and extend the rack that is holding the broiler pan.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure that you are wearing oven mitts because the broiler will be hot.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Grasp the sheet of aluminum foil in both hands and place the foil and the salmon on top of the broiler pan.\", \"描述\": \"The hot broiler pan will ensure the salmon cooks evenly on both sides.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Broil the salmon for 10 to 15 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Check the fish every two minutes to ensure that it isn’t burning.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Remove the salmon from the oven and place the pan on your range top or on a counter top protected with hot pads.\", \"描述\": \"Allow the fish to rest for a few minutes to redistribute the juices.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Serve the salmon fillet on a plate with a wedge of lemon.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"For a variation, cover the salmon with apricot preserves after you season it with the salt and pepper. Broiling the salmon with the preserves on top will make a quick and delicious glaze.\\n\", \"Cover salmon with honey or syrup during the last 2 minutes of broiling to create a sweet glaze.\\n\", \"Choose salmon at the market that has bright, pinkish flesh. Never choose salmon that has a strong, “fishy” smell.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Wash your hands after touching raw salmon.\\n\", \"Salmon may contain trace amounts of mercury, which could be dangerous for a developing fetus. If you are pregnant, then speak to your obstetrician about consuming salmon or other fatty fish.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,041 |
How to Broil Steak
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1. Prepping and Searing the Steak
1-1. Choose a tender cut of steak.
Some steaks will broil better than others, so you should take care when choosing cuts of meat. For broiling, choose a tender cut of steak like a sirloin, porterhouse, ribeye, top loin, eye round, or T-bone.
1-2. Let the steak come to room temperature.
You can use any kind of steak you want, from flank steak to top sirloin. Just be sure that the steak is between 1–1.75 inches (2.5–4.4 cm) thick. Remove the steak from the fridge and set it on a plate on the counter for 20-30 minutes so it comes to room temperature. Sticking cold steak in the oven may cause it to cook unevenly, so it's important to let it warm up a bit.
If the steak is frozen, completely thaw it in the fridge, which may take up to 12 hours. Avoid thawing meat on the counter which could cause harmful bacteria to grow. Once it's thawed, remove it from the fridge and allow it to warm up to room temperature.
1-3. Place a cast iron skillet in the oven and turn on the broiler.
While the steak is coming up to room temperature, you can preheat your skillet and oven. Set the oven dial to “Broil.” Make sure the rack you're using is about 4–6 inches (10–15 cm) from the heating element (use oven mitts to move it if necessary). Then, place the cast iron skillet on top of the rack and allow it to heat for 5-10 minutes.
If your steak has both high and low broiler options, opt for high.
If you don't have a cast iron skillet, use a stainless steel frying pan instead. Do not use a non-stick frying pan. The very high temperatures involved in this cooking process can damage the non-stick coating and cause harmful particles from the coating to end up in your food.
1-4. Season or marinate the steak as desired.
Less tender cuts of meat will be more tasty if you marinate them first. If you have a favorite rub, seasoning, or marinade for steaks, feel free to use it. Otherwise, you can rub about 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of olive oil over each steak, then season both sides with salt and black pepper.
You can make a delicious marinade from ⁄4 cup (59 ml) of soy sauce, 2 US tbsp (30 ml) of Worcestershire sauce, 3 tbsp (8.4 g) of minced garlic, 1 tsp (3.1 g) of garlic powder, and ½ tsp (1.6 g) of onion powder.
Alternatively, try a steak rub made from 1 minced garlic clove, 2 tsp (6.2 g) of paprika, 2 tsp (6.2 g) of ground coriander, 1 tsp (3.1 g) of dill seed, ½ tsp (1.6 g) of dry mustard, ¼ tsp (0.8 g) of cayenne pepper, and salt and black pepper to taste.
1-5. Remove the skillet from the oven and place the steak in it.
Use an oven mitt to remove the cast iron skillet so you don't burn your hand. Carefully place the steak in the skillet using tongs. Due to the heat and the oil, it will spit and sizzle! Leave ⁄2 inch (1.3 cm) or so of space between the steaks in the skillet.
1-6. Sear the steak for 3 minutes on each side.
Put the skillet back in the oven and close the door. After 3 minutes, carefully remove the skillet and use tongs to flip the steak over. Then, put the skillet back in the oven, close the door, and broil the steak for 3 more minutes.
2. Cooking the Steak Perfectly
2-1. Turn the oven to 500 °F (260 °C).
After searing the steak for 3 minutes on each side, turn the oven dial from “Broil” to 500 °F (260 °C). This will allow your steak to finish cooking to the desired temperature and level of doneness.
You don't need to flip the steak again; simply leave it in place for the duration of the cook time.
2-2. Cook the steak for 1-5 minutes if you like it rare.
If your steak is 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick, cook it for 1 minute. If it's 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) thick, cook it for 2-3 minutes. If it's 1.75 inches (4.4 cm) thick, cook it for 4-5 minutes.
The steak should reach a temperature of 120–130 °F (49–54 °C) as measured by an instant-read meat thermometer.
2-3. Cook the steak for 2-7 minutes if you like it medium.
If your steak is 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick, cook it for 2-3 minutes. If it's 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) thick, cook it for 4-5 minutes. If it's 1.75 inches (4.4 cm) thick, cook it for 6-7 minutes.
Test the steak with an instant-read meat thermometer to ensure it reaches a temperature of 140–150 °F (60–66 °C).
2-4. Cook the steak for 4-9 minutes if you like it medium-well.
If your steak is 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick, cook it for 4-5 minutes. If it's 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) thick, cook it for 6-7 minutes. If it's 1.75 inches (4.4 cm) thick, cook it for 8-9 minutes.
Use an instant-read meat thermometer to test the steak for a temperature of 150–160 °F (66–71 °C).
3. Serving the Steak
3-1. Let the steak rest for 3-10 minutes.
Use an oven mitt to remove the skillet from the oven, then turn off the oven. Transfer the steak to a cutting board or plate so that the heat of the skillet doesn't continue to cook it. Let the steak rest for 3 minutes minimum or 10 minutes maximum to give the meat time to absorb the juices. If you cut the steak immediately, the juices will spill out and the steak will be drier.
3-2. Cut the steak diagonally, if desired.
If you want, you can slice the steak diagonally before serving it. Use a sharp knife and a secure cutting board. Cutting it diagonally will result in the most tender meat.
3-3. Serve the steak on warm plates.
To preserve the temperature of the steak, it's a great idea to serve it on warm plates. Simply put oven-safe plates in the still-warm (but turned off) oven for 2-5 minutes, and remove them carefully with oven mitts.
Refrigerate any leftovers in an airtight container for 3-4 days.
Tips
If your broiler heating element keeps turning off because it is "up to temperature," you can trick your oven into keeping it on by propping the door of the oven open slightly.
Warnings
Always wash your hands and disinfect kitchen surfaces after handling raw meat.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Prepping and Searing the Steak\\n1-1. Choose a tender cut of steak.\\nSome steaks will broil better than others, so you should take care when choosing cuts of meat. For broiling, choose a tender cut of steak like a sirloin, porterhouse, ribeye, top loin, eye round, or T-bone.\\n1-2. Let the steak come to room temperature.\\nYou can use any kind of steak you want, from flank steak to top sirloin. Just be sure that the steak is between 1–1.75 inches (2.5–4.4 cm) thick. Remove the steak from the fridge and set it on a plate on the counter for 20-30 minutes so it comes to room temperature. Sticking cold steak in the oven may cause it to cook unevenly, so it's important to let it warm up a bit.\\nIf the steak is frozen, completely thaw it in the fridge, which may take up to 12 hours. Avoid thawing meat on the counter which could cause harmful bacteria to grow. Once it's thawed, remove it from the fridge and allow it to warm up to room temperature.\\n1-3. Place a cast iron skillet in the oven and turn on the broiler.\\nWhile the steak is coming up to room temperature, you can preheat your skillet and oven. Set the oven dial to “Broil.” Make sure the rack you're using is about 4–6 inches (10–15 cm) from the heating element (use oven mitts to move it if necessary). Then, place the cast iron skillet on top of the rack and allow it to heat for 5-10 minutes.\\nIf your steak has both high and low broiler options, opt for high.\\nIf you don't have a cast iron skillet, use a stainless steel frying pan instead. Do not use a non-stick frying pan. The very high temperatures involved in this cooking process can damage the non-stick coating and cause harmful particles from the coating to end up in your food.\\n1-4. Season or marinate the steak as desired.\\nLess tender cuts of meat will be more tasty if you marinate them first. If you have a favorite rub, seasoning, or marinade for steaks, feel free to use it. Otherwise, you can rub about 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of olive oil over each steak, then season both sides with salt and black pepper.\\nYou can make a delicious marinade from ⁄4 cup (59 ml) of soy sauce, 2 US tbsp (30 ml) of Worcestershire sauce, 3 tbsp (8.4 g) of minced garlic, 1 tsp (3.1 g) of garlic powder, and ½ tsp (1.6 g) of onion powder.\\nAlternatively, try a steak rub made from 1 minced garlic clove, 2 tsp (6.2 g) of paprika, 2 tsp (6.2 g) of ground coriander, 1 tsp (3.1 g) of dill seed, ½ tsp (1.6 g) of dry mustard, ¼ tsp (0.8 g) of cayenne pepper, and salt and black pepper to taste.\\n1-5. Remove the skillet from the oven and place the steak in it.\\nUse an oven mitt to remove the cast iron skillet so you don't burn your hand. Carefully place the steak in the skillet using tongs. Due to the heat and the oil, it will spit and sizzle! Leave ⁄2 inch (1.3 cm) or so of space between the steaks in the skillet.\\n1-6. Sear the steak for 3 minutes on each side.\\nPut the skillet back in the oven and close the door. After 3 minutes, carefully remove the skillet and use tongs to flip the steak over. Then, put the skillet back in the oven, close the door, and broil the steak for 3 more minutes.\\n2. Cooking the Steak Perfectly\\n2-1. Turn the oven to 500 °F (260 °C).\\nAfter searing the steak for 3 minutes on each side, turn the oven dial from “Broil” to 500 °F (260 °C). This will allow your steak to finish cooking to the desired temperature and level of doneness.\\nYou don't need to flip the steak again; simply leave it in place for the duration of the cook time.\\n2-2. Cook the steak for 1-5 minutes if you like it rare.\\nIf your steak is 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick, cook it for 1 minute. If it's 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) thick, cook it for 2-3 minutes. If it's 1.75 inches (4.4 cm) thick, cook it for 4-5 minutes.\\nThe steak should reach a temperature of 120–130 °F (49–54 °C) as measured by an instant-read meat thermometer.\\n2-3. Cook the steak for 2-7 minutes if you like it medium.\\nIf your steak is 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick, cook it for 2-3 minutes. If it's 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) thick, cook it for 4-5 minutes. If it's 1.75 inches (4.4 cm) thick, cook it for 6-7 minutes.\\nTest the steak with an instant-read meat thermometer to ensure it reaches a temperature of 140–150 °F (60–66 °C).\\n2-4. Cook the steak for 4-9 minutes if you like it medium-well.\\nIf your steak is 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick, cook it for 4-5 minutes. If it's 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) thick, cook it for 6-7 minutes. If it's 1.75 inches (4.4 cm) thick, cook it for 8-9 minutes.\\nUse an instant-read meat thermometer to test the steak for a temperature of 150–160 °F (66–71 °C).\\n3. Serving the Steak\\n3-1. Let the steak rest for 3-10 minutes.\\nUse an oven mitt to remove the skillet from the oven, then turn off the oven. Transfer the steak to a cutting board or plate so that the heat of the skillet doesn't continue to cook it. Let the steak rest for 3 minutes minimum or 10 minutes maximum to give the meat time to absorb the juices. If you cut the steak immediately, the juices will spill out and the steak will be drier.\\n3-2. Cut the steak diagonally, if desired.\\nIf you want, you can slice the steak diagonally before serving it. Use a sharp knife and a secure cutting board. Cutting it diagonally will result in the most tender meat.\\n3-3. Serve the steak on warm plates.\\nTo preserve the temperature of the steak, it's a great idea to serve it on warm plates. Simply put oven-safe plates in the still-warm (but turned off) oven for 2-5 minutes, and remove them carefully with oven mitts.\\nRefrigerate any leftovers in an airtight container for 3-4 days.\\nTips\\nIf your broiler heating element keeps turning off because it is \\\"up to temperature,\\\" you can trick your oven into keeping it on by propping the door of the oven open slightly.\\nWarnings\\nAlways wash your hands and disinfect kitchen surfaces after handling raw meat.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're craving a nice, tender steak but don't have access to a grill, fear not! Broiled steak is just as delicious as its grilled sibling, and you can make it in your oven using little more than a cast iron skillet.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepping and Searing the Steak\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose a tender cut of steak.\", \"描述\": \"Some steaks will broil better than others, so you should take care when choosing cuts of meat. For broiling, choose a tender cut of steak like a sirloin, porterhouse, ribeye, top loin, eye round, or T-bone.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Let the steak come to room temperature.\", \"描述\": \"You can use any kind of steak you want, from flank steak to top sirloin. Just be sure that the steak is between 1–1.75 inches (2.5–4.4 cm) thick. Remove the steak from the fridge and set it on a plate on the counter for 20-30 minutes so it comes to room temperature. Sticking cold steak in the oven may cause it to cook unevenly, so it's important to let it warm up a bit.\\nIf the steak is frozen, completely thaw it in the fridge, which may take up to 12 hours. Avoid thawing meat on the counter which could cause harmful bacteria to grow. Once it's thawed, remove it from the fridge and allow it to warm up to room temperature.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Place a cast iron skillet in the oven and turn on the broiler.\", \"描述\": \"While the steak is coming up to room temperature, you can preheat your skillet and oven. Set the oven dial to “Broil.” Make sure the rack you're using is about 4–6 inches (10–15 cm) from the heating element (use oven mitts to move it if necessary). Then, place the cast iron skillet on top of the rack and allow it to heat for 5-10 minutes.\\nIf your steak has both high and low broiler options, opt for high.\\nIf you don't have a cast iron skillet, use a stainless steel frying pan instead. Do not use a non-stick frying pan. The very high temperatures involved in this cooking process can damage the non-stick coating and cause harmful particles from the coating to end up in your food.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Season or marinate the steak as desired.\", \"描述\": \"Less tender cuts of meat will be more tasty if you marinate them first. If you have a favorite rub, seasoning, or marinade for steaks, feel free to use it. Otherwise, you can rub about 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of olive oil over each steak, then season both sides with salt and black pepper.\\nYou can make a delicious marinade from ⁄4 cup (59 ml) of soy sauce, 2 US tbsp (30 ml) of Worcestershire sauce, 3 tbsp (8.4 g) of minced garlic, 1 tsp (3.1 g) of garlic powder, and ½ tsp (1.6 g) of onion powder.\\nAlternatively, try a steak rub made from 1 minced garlic clove, 2 tsp (6.2 g) of paprika, 2 tsp (6.2 g) of ground coriander, 1 tsp (3.1 g) of dill seed, ½ tsp (1.6 g) of dry mustard, ¼ tsp (0.8 g) of cayenne pepper, and salt and black pepper to taste.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Remove the skillet from the oven and place the steak in it.\", \"描述\": \"Use an oven mitt to remove the cast iron skillet so you don't burn your hand. Carefully place the steak in the skillet using tongs. Due to the heat and the oil, it will spit and sizzle! Leave ⁄2 inch (1.3 cm) or so of space between the steaks in the skillet.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Sear the steak for 3 minutes on each side.\", \"描述\": \"Put the skillet back in the oven and close the door. After 3 minutes, carefully remove the skillet and use tongs to flip the steak over. Then, put the skillet back in the oven, close the door, and broil the steak for 3 more minutes.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cooking the Steak Perfectly\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Turn the oven to 500 °F (260 °C).\", \"描述\": \"After searing the steak for 3 minutes on each side, turn the oven dial from “Broil” to 500 °F (260 °C). This will allow your steak to finish cooking to the desired temperature and level of doneness.\\nYou don't need to flip the steak again; simply leave it in place for the duration of the cook time.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cook the steak for 1-5 minutes if you like it rare.\", \"描述\": \"If your steak is 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick, cook it for 1 minute. If it's 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) thick, cook it for 2-3 minutes. If it's 1.75 inches (4.4 cm) thick, cook it for 4-5 minutes.\\nThe steak should reach a temperature of 120–130 °F (49–54 °C) as measured by an instant-read meat thermometer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cook the steak for 2-7 minutes if you like it medium.\", \"描述\": \"If your steak is 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick, cook it for 2-3 minutes. If it's 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) thick, cook it for 4-5 minutes. If it's 1.75 inches (4.4 cm) thick, cook it for 6-7 minutes.\\nTest the steak with an instant-read meat thermometer to ensure it reaches a temperature of 140–150 °F (60–66 °C).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cook the steak for 4-9 minutes if you like it medium-well.\", \"描述\": \"If your steak is 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick, cook it for 4-5 minutes. If it's 1.25 inches (3.2 cm) thick, cook it for 6-7 minutes. If it's 1.75 inches (4.4 cm) thick, cook it for 8-9 minutes.\\nUse an instant-read meat thermometer to test the steak for a temperature of 150–160 °F (66–71 °C).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Serving the Steak\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Let the steak rest for 3-10 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Use an oven mitt to remove the skillet from the oven, then turn off the oven. Transfer the steak to a cutting board or plate so that the heat of the skillet doesn't continue to cook it. Let the steak rest for 3 minutes minimum or 10 minutes maximum to give the meat time to absorb the juices. If you cut the steak immediately, the juices will spill out and the steak will be drier.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cut the steak diagonally, if desired.\", \"描述\": \"If you want, you can slice the steak diagonally before serving it. Use a sharp knife and a secure cutting board. Cutting it diagonally will result in the most tender meat.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Serve the steak on warm plates.\", \"描述\": \"To preserve the temperature of the steak, it's a great idea to serve it on warm plates. Simply put oven-safe plates in the still-warm (but turned off) oven for 2-5 minutes, and remove them carefully with oven mitts.\\nRefrigerate any leftovers in an airtight container for 3-4 days.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If your broiler heating element keeps turning off because it is \\\"up to temperature,\\\" you can trick your oven into keeping it on by propping the door of the oven open slightly.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Always wash your hands and disinfect kitchen surfaces after handling raw meat.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,042 |
What’s the Difference Between Broiling and Baking?
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1. Differences Between Broiling and Baking
1-1. Broiling applies direct heat, while baking circulates indirect heat.
Both broiling and baking use a heated oven to cook. Most ovens have a broiling element that is placed at the top of the oven. When you broil, heat only comes from that element. On the other hand, baking uses heat from the entire oven. The top, bottom, and back elements heat up to thoroughly cook your dish.
Some ovens have a separate broiler drawer that’s below the oven.
1-2. Baking is done at lower temperatures than broiling.
While it depends on the food and your recipe, most baking temperatures are between 250-375° F (121-190° C). Broiling typically reaches higher temperatures between 500-550° F (260-288° C). This gives food a delicious crunch.
1-3. Broiling usually takes less time than baking.
Because of the direct heat and high temperatures, most recipes say to broil for no more than 10 minutes. You need to watch your food carefully too, as it can easily burn. Baking times are usually much longer, though they again depend on the food you’re cooking. Generally, you bake most foods between 30 minutes to 1 hour.Some ovens have a convection baking setting. A convection oven uses a fan to disperse heat, which can lower your cook time and give you a more even bake.
2. What is broiling?
Broiling uses high, direct heat to crisp up food quickly.
Thin slices of meat and cooked foods that need a crunch are usually reserved for broiling. Because the high heat only comes from one source, broiling doesn’t give thick or more liquidy foods a consistent, all-around cook.
Broiling is great for searing tuna, cooking pork tenderloin, and making juicy steaks.
Thin veggies like asparagus, peppers, and zucchini cook quickly when broiled.
Broil already cooked dishes like pizza and macaroni and cheese to give them a crispy top layer.
Crisp up garlic bread or make crunchy, buttery toast by using the broiler, too.
3. What is baking?
Baking slowly removes moisture, changing a food’s structure.
This cooking method is often best for moist foods and recipes, which is why it's usually used for doughs and batters. The all-around, indirect heat during baking gets rid of moisture, allowing foods to rise and cook all the way through. The lower heat also prevents burning, which is why breads, cakes, pies, and cookies are typically baked instead of broiled.
Thicker cuts of meat like chicken and pork are also great for baking. They benefit from the slow and low method to cook all the way through.
Savory dishes like baked pastas, macaroni and cheese, and casseroles like green bean casserole are perfect for baking.
When baking, preheat your oven before putting in your food. Getting the oven to your desired temperature helps ensure an even bake.
4. What is roasting?
Roasting uses indirect heat to cook thick pieces of meat slowly.
Roasting reaches temperatures between baking and broiling, ranging around 400-450° F (204-232° C). The combination of high heat and a consistent, indirect source makes roasting perfect for large slabs of meat and thick vegetables. The higher heat also gives foods a beautiful golden sheen and a crunch when you bite into them.
Thick cuts of ham, ribs, beef, and whole chickens and turkeys are extra delicious when roasted.
Larger, dense vegetables like potatoes, cauliflower, carrots, and brussel sprouts benefit from the crispiness of roasting.
Roasting is also great for simple sheet pan dinners. Just throw chicken, fish, or pork on a pan with veggies like broccoli, potatoes, peppers, and onions.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Differences Between Broiling and Baking\\n1-1. Broiling applies direct heat, while baking circulates indirect heat.\\nBoth broiling and baking use a heated oven to cook. Most ovens have a broiling element that is placed at the top of the oven. When you broil, heat only comes from that element. On the other hand, baking uses heat from the entire oven. The top, bottom, and back elements heat up to thoroughly cook your dish.\\nSome ovens have a separate broiler drawer that’s below the oven.\\n1-2. Baking is done at lower temperatures than broiling.\\nWhile it depends on the food and your recipe, most baking temperatures are between 250-375° F (121-190° C). Broiling typically reaches higher temperatures between 500-550° F (260-288° C). This gives food a delicious crunch.\\n1-3. Broiling usually takes less time than baking.\\nBecause of the direct heat and high temperatures, most recipes say to broil for no more than 10 minutes. You need to watch your food carefully too, as it can easily burn. Baking times are usually much longer, though they again depend on the food you’re cooking. Generally, you bake most foods between 30 minutes to 1 hour.Some ovens have a convection baking setting. A convection oven uses a fan to disperse heat, which can lower your cook time and give you a more even bake.\\n2. What is broiling?\\nBroiling uses high, direct heat to crisp up food quickly.\\nThin slices of meat and cooked foods that need a crunch are usually reserved for broiling. Because the high heat only comes from one source, broiling doesn’t give thick or more liquidy foods a consistent, all-around cook.\\nBroiling is great for searing tuna, cooking pork tenderloin, and making juicy steaks.\\nThin veggies like asparagus, peppers, and zucchini cook quickly when broiled.\\nBroil already cooked dishes like pizza and macaroni and cheese to give them a crispy top layer.\\nCrisp up garlic bread or make crunchy, buttery toast by using the broiler, too.\\n3. What is baking?\\nBaking slowly removes moisture, changing a food’s structure.\\nThis cooking method is often best for moist foods and recipes, which is why it's usually used for doughs and batters. The all-around, indirect heat during baking gets rid of moisture, allowing foods to rise and cook all the way through. The lower heat also prevents burning, which is why breads, cakes, pies, and cookies are typically baked instead of broiled.\\nThicker cuts of meat like chicken and pork are also great for baking. They benefit from the slow and low method to cook all the way through.\\nSavory dishes like baked pastas, macaroni and cheese, and casseroles like green bean casserole are perfect for baking.\\nWhen baking, preheat your oven before putting in your food. Getting the oven to your desired temperature helps ensure an even bake.\\n4. What is roasting?\\nRoasting uses indirect heat to cook thick pieces of meat slowly.\\nRoasting reaches temperatures between baking and broiling, ranging around 400-450° F (204-232° C). The combination of high heat and a consistent, indirect source makes roasting perfect for large slabs of meat and thick vegetables. The higher heat also gives foods a beautiful golden sheen and a crunch when you bite into them.\\nThick cuts of ham, ribs, beef, and whole chickens and turkeys are extra delicious when roasted.\\nLarger, dense vegetables like potatoes, cauliflower, carrots, and brussel sprouts benefit from the crispiness of roasting.\\nRoasting is also great for simple sheet pan dinners. Just throw chicken, fish, or pork on a pan with veggies like broccoli, potatoes, peppers, and onions.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You’re surprising your friends with an elaborate, home-cooked meal when you notice the tuna steaks are supposed to broil while the chocolate cake is baked. With time ticking and limited oven space, can you just broil both of these foods? Broiling and baking are very different cooking methods, which makes them better for some foods and recipes than others. To help you make sense of the cooking world, we’ll go over the main differences between baking, broiling, and roasting, too. We’ll also tell you the best types of food to cook using each method.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Differences Between Broiling and Baking\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Broiling applies direct heat, while baking circulates indirect heat.\", \"描述\": \"Both broiling and baking use a heated oven to cook. Most ovens have a broiling element that is placed at the top of the oven. When you broil, heat only comes from that element. On the other hand, baking uses heat from the entire oven. The top, bottom, and back elements heat up to thoroughly cook your dish.\\nSome ovens have a separate broiler drawer that’s below the oven.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Baking is done at lower temperatures than broiling.\", \"描述\": \"While it depends on the food and your recipe, most baking temperatures are between 250-375° F (121-190° C). Broiling typically reaches higher temperatures between 500-550° F (260-288° C). This gives food a delicious crunch.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Broiling usually takes less time than baking.\", \"描述\": \"Because of the direct heat and high temperatures, most recipes say to broil for no more than 10 minutes. You need to watch your food carefully too, as it can easily burn. Baking times are usually much longer, though they again depend on the food you’re cooking. Generally, you bake most foods between 30 minutes to 1 hour.Some ovens have a convection baking setting. A convection oven uses a fan to disperse heat, which can lower your cook time and give you a more even bake.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"What is broiling?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Broiling uses high, direct heat to crisp up food quickly.\", \"描述\": \"Thin slices of meat and cooked foods that need a crunch are usually reserved for broiling. Because the high heat only comes from one source, broiling doesn’t give thick or more liquidy foods a consistent, all-around cook.\\nBroiling is great for searing tuna, cooking pork tenderloin, and making juicy steaks.\\nThin veggies like asparagus, peppers, and zucchini cook quickly when broiled.\\nBroil already cooked dishes like pizza and macaroni and cheese to give them a crispy top layer.\\nCrisp up garlic bread or make crunchy, buttery toast by using the broiler, too.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"What is baking?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Baking slowly removes moisture, changing a food’s structure.\", \"描述\": \"This cooking method is often best for moist foods and recipes, which is why it's usually used for doughs and batters. The all-around, indirect heat during baking gets rid of moisture, allowing foods to rise and cook all the way through. The lower heat also prevents burning, which is why breads, cakes, pies, and cookies are typically baked instead of broiled.\\nThicker cuts of meat like chicken and pork are also great for baking. They benefit from the slow and low method to cook all the way through.\\nSavory dishes like baked pastas, macaroni and cheese, and casseroles like green bean casserole are perfect for baking.\\nWhen baking, preheat your oven before putting in your food. Getting the oven to your desired temperature helps ensure an even bake.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"What is roasting?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Roasting uses indirect heat to cook thick pieces of meat slowly.\", \"描述\": \"Roasting reaches temperatures between baking and broiling, ranging around 400-450° F (204-232° C). The combination of high heat and a consistent, indirect source makes roasting perfect for large slabs of meat and thick vegetables. The higher heat also gives foods a beautiful golden sheen and a crunch when you bite into them.\\nThick cuts of ham, ribs, beef, and whole chickens and turkeys are extra delicious when roasted.\\nLarger, dense vegetables like potatoes, cauliflower, carrots, and brussel sprouts benefit from the crispiness of roasting.\\nRoasting is also great for simple sheet pan dinners. Just throw chicken, fish, or pork on a pan with veggies like broccoli, potatoes, peppers, and onions.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,043 |
How to Bronze Shoes
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1. Cleaning the Shoes
1-1. Remove dirt and old shoe polish from the shoes.
Before bronzing a pair of shoes, you will need to remove any dirt or polish that is on the surface of the shoes. Wet a soft cloth with water. Then take the damp cloth and carefully clean the shoes.
1-2. Rub the shoes with denatured alcohol.
Once you have removed as much dirt as possible with the damp rag, rub the shoes with denatured alcohol. This will remove any remaining wax or polish from the shoes. Take a dry, clean cloth and saturate it with alcohol. Then gently rub the entire surface of each shoe.
1-3. Allow the shoes to dry.
Once you are done rubbing the shoes with denatured alcohol, let them dry completely. Allow the shoes to air dry. Do not attempt to bronze shoes that are still damp from the cleaning process.
2. Creating a Wire Loop and Positioning the Shoes
2-1. Make a hole in the sole of each shoe.
You will be stringing a piece of wire through each shoe, and using the wire to hang the shoes to dry in between coats of bronze. Try using a box cutter, knife, or drill to make the hole. Make sure you exercise caution while cutting the hole, and avoid accidentally cutting yourself.
2-2. String wire through the hole.
Begin by creating a wire loop for each shoe. Take some sturdy, yet flexible wire and string it through the hole in the sole of the shoe. Then twist the wire to create a closed loop that is large enough to use for hanging the shoe. Repeat the process for both shoes.
2-3. Arrange the shoes.
Position the shoes so the laces and tongues are arranged precisely how you want them to be for bronzing. Make sure you tie the shoelaces. Finally, adjust the tongue of each shoe so that it is touching both sides of the shoe.
Try using a little bit of rubber cement or super glue to lock the laces and/or tongue into the desired position.
3. Applying Bronze to the Shoes
3-1. Prepare the liquid bronze in a bowl.
Mix bronze powder with a quick-drying spar varnish according to the package directions in a plastic or glass bowl. Stir the liquid bronze thoroughly to prevent particles from settling in the bottom of the bowl.
You can purchase liquid bronze at a hardware store or print supply company.
3-2. Apply a coat of liquid bronze to each shoe.
Hold the shoe by the wire loop with your non-dominant hand. Then use your dominant hand to apply a thin coat of liquid bronze to each shoe with a camel hair brush. Start on the top of each shoe and work your way down the sides toward the sole. Make sure you paint all of the shoe’s surface area, including any part of the shoe’s inside that is visible.
3-3. Hang the shoes to dry.
After applying liquid bronze to the shoes, allow them to dry. Hold the shoe by the wire loop you inserted, and then hang the wire loop on a hook or nail. You should let them dry for at least ten minutes, or longer, in between coats.
3-4. Apply additional coats as needed.
Once the shoes dry from the initial coat of liquid bronze, look to see if there are dull spots on the shoes. This is an indication that the bronze has soaked through the shoes and you will need to apply at least one more coat of bronze.
You will likely need to apply several coats of liquid bronze to each shoe until both shoes are shiny and completely covered in bronze.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Cleaning the Shoes\\n1-1. Remove dirt and old shoe polish from the shoes.\\nBefore bronzing a pair of shoes, you will need to remove any dirt or polish that is on the surface of the shoes. Wet a soft cloth with water. Then take the damp cloth and carefully clean the shoes.\\n1-2. Rub the shoes with denatured alcohol.\\nOnce you have removed as much dirt as possible with the damp rag, rub the shoes with denatured alcohol. This will remove any remaining wax or polish from the shoes. Take a dry, clean cloth and saturate it with alcohol. Then gently rub the entire surface of each shoe.\\n1-3. Allow the shoes to dry.\\nOnce you are done rubbing the shoes with denatured alcohol, let them dry completely. Allow the shoes to air dry. Do not attempt to bronze shoes that are still damp from the cleaning process.\\n2. Creating a Wire Loop and Positioning the Shoes\\n2-1. Make a hole in the sole of each shoe.\\nYou will be stringing a piece of wire through each shoe, and using the wire to hang the shoes to dry in between coats of bronze. Try using a box cutter, knife, or drill to make the hole. Make sure you exercise caution while cutting the hole, and avoid accidentally cutting yourself.\\n2-2. String wire through the hole.\\nBegin by creating a wire loop for each shoe. Take some sturdy, yet flexible wire and string it through the hole in the sole of the shoe. Then twist the wire to create a closed loop that is large enough to use for hanging the shoe. Repeat the process for both shoes.\\n2-3. Arrange the shoes.\\nPosition the shoes so the laces and tongues are arranged precisely how you want them to be for bronzing. Make sure you tie the shoelaces. Finally, adjust the tongue of each shoe so that it is touching both sides of the shoe.\\nTry using a little bit of rubber cement or super glue to lock the laces and/or tongue into the desired position.\\n3. Applying Bronze to the Shoes\\n3-1. Prepare the liquid bronze in a bowl.\\nMix bronze powder with a quick-drying spar varnish according to the package directions in a plastic or glass bowl. Stir the liquid bronze thoroughly to prevent particles from settling in the bottom of the bowl.\\nYou can purchase liquid bronze at a hardware store or print supply company.\\n3-2. Apply a coat of liquid bronze to each shoe.\\nHold the shoe by the wire loop with your non-dominant hand. Then use your dominant hand to apply a thin coat of liquid bronze to each shoe with a camel hair brush. Start on the top of each shoe and work your way down the sides toward the sole. Make sure you paint all of the shoe’s surface area, including any part of the shoe’s inside that is visible.\\n3-3. Hang the shoes to dry.\\nAfter applying liquid bronze to the shoes, allow them to dry. Hold the shoe by the wire loop you inserted, and then hang the wire loop on a hook or nail. You should let them dry for at least ten minutes, or longer, in between coats.\\n3-4. Apply additional coats as needed.\\nOnce the shoes dry from the initial coat of liquid bronze, look to see if there are dull spots on the shoes. This is an indication that the bronze has soaked through the shoes and you will need to apply at least one more coat of bronze.\\nYou will likely need to apply several coats of liquid bronze to each shoe until both shoes are shiny and completely covered in bronze.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Bronzing shoes is a great way to solidify memories of a loved one. You can bronze your baby’s shoes or bronze the shoes of a deceased friend or family member. After you clean the shoes, you will use a camel hair brush to apply thin coats of liquid bronze to the shoes.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cleaning the Shoes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Remove dirt and old shoe polish from the shoes.\", \"描述\": \"Before bronzing a pair of shoes, you will need to remove any dirt or polish that is on the surface of the shoes. Wet a soft cloth with water. Then take the damp cloth and carefully clean the shoes.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Rub the shoes with denatured alcohol.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have removed as much dirt as possible with the damp rag, rub the shoes with denatured alcohol. This will remove any remaining wax or polish from the shoes. Take a dry, clean cloth and saturate it with alcohol. Then gently rub the entire surface of each shoe.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Allow the shoes to dry.\", \"描述\": \"Once you are done rubbing the shoes with denatured alcohol, let them dry completely. Allow the shoes to air dry. Do not attempt to bronze shoes that are still damp from the cleaning process.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Creating a Wire Loop and Positioning the Shoes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make a hole in the sole of each shoe.\", \"描述\": \"You will be stringing a piece of wire through each shoe, and using the wire to hang the shoes to dry in between coats of bronze. Try using a box cutter, knife, or drill to make the hole. Make sure you exercise caution while cutting the hole, and avoid accidentally cutting yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"String wire through the hole.\", \"描述\": \"Begin by creating a wire loop for each shoe. Take some sturdy, yet flexible wire and string it through the hole in the sole of the shoe. Then twist the wire to create a closed loop that is large enough to use for hanging the shoe. Repeat the process for both shoes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Arrange the shoes.\", \"描述\": \"Position the shoes so the laces and tongues are arranged precisely how you want them to be for bronzing. Make sure you tie the shoelaces. Finally, adjust the tongue of each shoe so that it is touching both sides of the shoe.\\nTry using a little bit of rubber cement or super glue to lock the laces and/or tongue into the desired position.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Applying Bronze to the Shoes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepare the liquid bronze in a bowl.\", \"描述\": \"Mix bronze powder with a quick-drying spar varnish according to the package directions in a plastic or glass bowl. Stir the liquid bronze thoroughly to prevent particles from settling in the bottom of the bowl.\\nYou can purchase liquid bronze at a hardware store or print supply company.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply a coat of liquid bronze to each shoe.\", \"描述\": \"Hold the shoe by the wire loop with your non-dominant hand. Then use your dominant hand to apply a thin coat of liquid bronze to each shoe with a camel hair brush. Start on the top of each shoe and work your way down the sides toward the sole. Make sure you paint all of the shoe’s surface area, including any part of the shoe’s inside that is visible.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hang the shoes to dry.\", \"描述\": \"After applying liquid bronze to the shoes, allow them to dry. Hold the shoe by the wire loop you inserted, and then hang the wire loop on a hook or nail. You should let them dry for at least ten minutes, or longer, in between coats.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply additional coats as needed.\", \"描述\": \"Once the shoes dry from the initial coat of liquid bronze, look to see if there are dull spots on the shoes. This is an indication that the bronze has soaked through the shoes and you will need to apply at least one more coat of bronze.\\nYou will likely need to apply several coats of liquid bronze to each shoe until both shoes are shiny and completely covered in bronze.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,044 |
How Do Microblading & Brow Lamination Compare?
|
1. What is microblading?
Microblading is a semi-permanent tattoo for your brows.
In this procedure, an aesthetician uses a tool with tiny needles to deposit pigment under the skin along the brows. The pigment doesn’t go as deep as a regular tattoo but leaves similar lines that help brows appear fuller and darker for longer.
This brow treatment can last up to 30 months, as the pigment won’t wash away because it’s under the skin.
Microblading comes with a few risks because it is a more invasive brow transformation. Infections are a possibility, as small scratches are made across the skin.
2. What is brow lamination?
Brow lamination is a temporary "reverse perm" for your eyebrows.
This brow treatment uses chemicals to straighten and restructure the shape of the brows so the individual hairs lay flat and all go in the same direction. This makes the brows look thicker, fuller, and neater.
This treatment typically lasts 6 to 8 weeks.
Brow lamination is a relatively safe brow transformation, but the process can dry out your hair and skin.
It’s possible to do brow lamination at home with a brow lamination kit.
Brow lamination can be done over microbladed brows, especially as the microblading pigment fades.
3. Differences
3-1. Microblading lasts longer than brow lamination.
Because microblading is a semi-permanent treatment, it can last through months and months of face washing. Microbladed brows can last up to 2 years before fading, whereas a brow lamination last between 6 to 8 weeks.
Touch ups and brow tinting may be required after a microblade treatment, even though it's a semi-permanent transformation, especially as it begins to fade.
3-2. Brow lamination is more affordable than microblading.
On average, microblading can cost anywhere from $500 to $2,000, while brow lamination is about $50 to $100 per session. If you’re looking to experiment with your look, brow lamination is the cheaper alternative.
Now, microblading may be more cost-effective in the long run, considering how long it lasts. If you know you want to change your natural brow, one microblading procedure could save you money compared to a brow lamination every 6 weeks.
3-3. Microblading is a more invasive treatment compared to brow lamination.
Semi-permanently dying your brows is no small thing. Because microblading requires an aesthetician to scratch and deposit pigment into the top layer of skin, it can be slightly painful and uncomfortable. Meanwhile, brow lamination is painless and rather low-stakes in comparison.
A numbing cream is used before a microblading procedure, but the sound and sensation of the needles may be unnerving for some.
3-4. The aftercare of microblading is more involved than brow lamination.
Because microblading is an invasive procedure, it requires more maintenance during the first 2 weeks. Here’s what you’ll have to do:
For the first 48 hours, avoid touching the brow, working out, or getting your brows wet.
For the first week, wash with only water, pat dry, and avoid exfoliants and makeup.
For the second week, slowly start introducing face wash.
Apply an aftercare ointment as instructed by your aesthetician to prevent infection.
3-5. You must continue to set your brows after lamination.
Unlike microblading, brow lamination isn’t a semi-permanent transformation. Because of this, aestheticians recommend brushing your brows with a mascara wand daily. This will help your brow hairs stay in place so they stay perky and fluffy for as long as possible.
4. What brow transformation should you have?
Brow lamination is best for those with unruly brows, while microblading can benefit anyone.
Because brow lamination straightens brow hairs, it’s perfect for anyone who has curly or difficult-to-tame eyebrows. Microblading, on the other hand, can make thin brows appear fuller or fill in gaps in fuller brows. With its tattoo-like application, it can also give a specific brow shape.
If you’re looking for a temporary way to keep your brows uniform, opt for brow lamination.
If you want your brows to appear bolder and fuller for longer without makeup, try microblading.
5. What is brow tinting?
Eyebrow tinting is a temporary dye that goes over your existing brows.
Unlike microblading or brow lamination, brow tinting doesn’t fill in gaps in your brows. Think of it like dying your hair. An aesthetician places a dye or tint over your natural brow to enhance, darken, and define the hairs.
This non-invasive brow treatment usually lasts 4 to 6 weeks and costs between $20 and $40.
Brow tinting can easily be done at home with a brow tinting kit, which makes it even more accessible than microblading.
Warnings
If you have sensitive skin or deal with breakouts around your brows, microblading may not be the best option for you.[8]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What is microblading?\\nMicroblading is a semi-permanent tattoo for your brows.\\nIn this procedure, an aesthetician uses a tool with tiny needles to deposit pigment under the skin along the brows. The pigment doesn’t go as deep as a regular tattoo but leaves similar lines that help brows appear fuller and darker for longer.\\nThis brow treatment can last up to 30 months, as the pigment won’t wash away because it’s under the skin.\\nMicroblading comes with a few risks because it is a more invasive brow transformation. Infections are a possibility, as small scratches are made across the skin.\\n2. What is brow lamination?\\nBrow lamination is a temporary \\\"reverse perm\\\" for your eyebrows.\\nThis brow treatment uses chemicals to straighten and restructure the shape of the brows so the individual hairs lay flat and all go in the same direction. This makes the brows look thicker, fuller, and neater.\\nThis treatment typically lasts 6 to 8 weeks.\\nBrow lamination is a relatively safe brow transformation, but the process can dry out your hair and skin.\\nIt’s possible to do brow lamination at home with a brow lamination kit.\\nBrow lamination can be done over microbladed brows, especially as the microblading pigment fades.\\n3. Differences\\n3-1. Microblading lasts longer than brow lamination.\\nBecause microblading is a semi-permanent treatment, it can last through months and months of face washing. Microbladed brows can last up to 2 years before fading, whereas a brow lamination last between 6 to 8 weeks.\\nTouch ups and brow tinting may be required after a microblade treatment, even though it's a semi-permanent transformation, especially as it begins to fade.\\n3-2. Brow lamination is more affordable than microblading.\\nOn average, microblading can cost anywhere from $500 to $2,000, while brow lamination is about $50 to $100 per session. If you’re looking to experiment with your look, brow lamination is the cheaper alternative.\\nNow, microblading may be more cost-effective in the long run, considering how long it lasts. If you know you want to change your natural brow, one microblading procedure could save you money compared to a brow lamination every 6 weeks.\\n3-3. Microblading is a more invasive treatment compared to brow lamination.\\nSemi-permanently dying your brows is no small thing. Because microblading requires an aesthetician to scratch and deposit pigment into the top layer of skin, it can be slightly painful and uncomfortable. Meanwhile, brow lamination is painless and rather low-stakes in comparison.\\nA numbing cream is used before a microblading procedure, but the sound and sensation of the needles may be unnerving for some.\\n3-4. The aftercare of microblading is more involved than brow lamination.\\nBecause microblading is an invasive procedure, it requires more maintenance during the first 2 weeks. Here’s what you’ll have to do:\\nFor the first 48 hours, avoid touching the brow, working out, or getting your brows wet.\\nFor the first week, wash with only water, pat dry, and avoid exfoliants and makeup.\\nFor the second week, slowly start introducing face wash.\\nApply an aftercare ointment as instructed by your aesthetician to prevent infection.\\n3-5. You must continue to set your brows after lamination.\\nUnlike microblading, brow lamination isn’t a semi-permanent transformation. Because of this, aestheticians recommend brushing your brows with a mascara wand daily. This will help your brow hairs stay in place so they stay perky and fluffy for as long as possible.\\n4. What brow transformation should you have?\\nBrow lamination is best for those with unruly brows, while microblading can benefit anyone.\\nBecause brow lamination straightens brow hairs, it’s perfect for anyone who has curly or difficult-to-tame eyebrows. Microblading, on the other hand, can make thin brows appear fuller or fill in gaps in fuller brows. With its tattoo-like application, it can also give a specific brow shape.\\nIf you’re looking for a temporary way to keep your brows uniform, opt for brow lamination.\\nIf you want your brows to appear bolder and fuller for longer without makeup, try microblading.\\n5. What is brow tinting?\\nEyebrow tinting is a temporary dye that goes over your existing brows.\\nUnlike microblading or brow lamination, brow tinting doesn’t fill in gaps in your brows. Think of it like dying your hair. An aesthetician places a dye or tint over your natural brow to enhance, darken, and define the hairs.\\nThis non-invasive brow treatment usually lasts 4 to 6 weeks and costs between $20 and $40.\\nBrow tinting can easily be done at home with a brow tinting kit, which makes it even more accessible than microblading.\\nWarnings\\nIf you have sensitive skin or deal with breakouts around your brows, microblading may not be the best option for you.[8]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Are you tired of filling in your brows every morning? Wouldn’t it be great if you could wake up with perfect brows? If you answered “yes,” then a brow transformation may be for you! Microblading and brow lamination are two of the most popular eyebrow procedures. They both make your brows full and lush, but how do you know which is best for you? We’ve put together everything you’ve ever wanted to know about brow lamination and microblading in this article. So, which one will it be? Keep reading and make your choice.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What is microblading?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Microblading is a semi-permanent tattoo for your brows.\", \"描述\": \"In this procedure, an aesthetician uses a tool with tiny needles to deposit pigment under the skin along the brows. The pigment doesn’t go as deep as a regular tattoo but leaves similar lines that help brows appear fuller and darker for longer.\\nThis brow treatment can last up to 30 months, as the pigment won’t wash away because it’s under the skin.\\nMicroblading comes with a few risks because it is a more invasive brow transformation. Infections are a possibility, as small scratches are made across the skin.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"What is brow lamination?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brow lamination is a temporary \\\"reverse perm\\\" for your eyebrows.\", \"描述\": \"This brow treatment uses chemicals to straighten and restructure the shape of the brows so the individual hairs lay flat and all go in the same direction. This makes the brows look thicker, fuller, and neater.\\nThis treatment typically lasts 6 to 8 weeks.\\nBrow lamination is a relatively safe brow transformation, but the process can dry out your hair and skin.\\nIt’s possible to do brow lamination at home with a brow lamination kit.\\nBrow lamination can be done over microbladed brows, especially as the microblading pigment fades.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Differences\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Microblading lasts longer than brow lamination.\", \"描述\": \"Because microblading is a semi-permanent treatment, it can last through months and months of face washing. Microbladed brows can last up to 2 years before fading, whereas a brow lamination last between 6 to 8 weeks.\\nTouch ups and brow tinting may be required after a microblade treatment, even though it's a semi-permanent transformation, especially as it begins to fade.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Brow lamination is more affordable than microblading.\", \"描述\": \"On average, microblading can cost anywhere from $500 to $2,000, while brow lamination is about $50 to $100 per session. If you’re looking to experiment with your look, brow lamination is the cheaper alternative.\\nNow, microblading may be more cost-effective in the long run, considering how long it lasts. If you know you want to change your natural brow, one microblading procedure could save you money compared to a brow lamination every 6 weeks.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Microblading is a more invasive treatment compared to brow lamination.\", \"描述\": \"Semi-permanently dying your brows is no small thing. Because microblading requires an aesthetician to scratch and deposit pigment into the top layer of skin, it can be slightly painful and uncomfortable. Meanwhile, brow lamination is painless and rather low-stakes in comparison.\\nA numbing cream is used before a microblading procedure, but the sound and sensation of the needles may be unnerving for some.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"The aftercare of microblading is more involved than brow lamination.\", \"描述\": \"Because microblading is an invasive procedure, it requires more maintenance during the first 2 weeks. Here’s what you’ll have to do:\\nFor the first 48 hours, avoid touching the brow, working out, or getting your brows wet.\\nFor the first week, wash with only water, pat dry, and avoid exfoliants and makeup.\\nFor the second week, slowly start introducing face wash.\\nApply an aftercare ointment as instructed by your aesthetician to prevent infection.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"You must continue to set your brows after lamination.\", \"描述\": \"Unlike microblading, brow lamination isn’t a semi-permanent transformation. Because of this, aestheticians recommend brushing your brows with a mascara wand daily. This will help your brow hairs stay in place so they stay perky and fluffy for as long as possible.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"What brow transformation should you have?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brow lamination is best for those with unruly brows, while microblading can benefit anyone.\", \"描述\": \"Because brow lamination straightens brow hairs, it’s perfect for anyone who has curly or difficult-to-tame eyebrows. Microblading, on the other hand, can make thin brows appear fuller or fill in gaps in fuller brows. With its tattoo-like application, it can also give a specific brow shape.\\nIf you’re looking for a temporary way to keep your brows uniform, opt for brow lamination.\\nIf you want your brows to appear bolder and fuller for longer without makeup, try microblading.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"What is brow tinting?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Eyebrow tinting is a temporary dye that goes over your existing brows.\", \"描述\": \"Unlike microblading or brow lamination, brow tinting doesn’t fill in gaps in your brows. Think of it like dying your hair. An aesthetician places a dye or tint over your natural brow to enhance, darken, and define the hairs.\\nThis non-invasive brow treatment usually lasts 4 to 6 weeks and costs between $20 and $40.\\nBrow tinting can easily be done at home with a brow tinting kit, which makes it even more accessible than microblading.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"If you have sensitive skin or deal with breakouts around your brows, microblading may not be the best option for you.[8]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,045 |
How to Brown Chicken
|
1. Prepping the Chicken and Pan
1-1. Bring the chicken to room temperature.
Browning works best if the chicken is at room temperature. Before you begin cooking, remove your chicken from the refrigerator and spread it out on a plate. Allow 20-30 minutes for the chicken to sit before you begin cooking.
Bacteria begins to grow if raw chicken is left unrefrigerated for more than 2 hours.
1-2. Trim and rinse the chicken.
The next step in preparing your chicken is to trim any fat using a sharp knife, and discard the fat. Then rinse your pieces of chicken under cold water.
1-3. Pat the chicken dry with paper towels.
Your pieces of chicken need to be dry in order to properly brown. Using paper towels, carefully blot each piece of chicken on both sides until it is dry.
1-4. Heat oil in a skillet.
To brown your chicken, you’ll want to use either olive oil, canola oil, corn oil, or butter. Measure out 1-2 Tablespoons of your chosen oil and add it to a heavy skillet. Then heat this over medium-high heat until hot.
Non-stick pans are not designed to be used for high-heat cooking.
Instead, use a stainless steel or iron skillet.
2. Cooking the Chicken on Each Side
2-1. Season the chicken.
If your recipe asks you to season the chicken, now is the time to do so. Sprinkle salt, pepper, or other seasoning on each side of each piece of chicken.
2-2. Place the chicken in the skillet.
Use tongs to place the chicken in a single layer without crowding it. If the chicken is too crowded in the pan, it will steam rather than brown. If you have more chicken than will fit in your skillet, brown your chicken in two or more rounds.
2-3. Cook the chicken for 8-10 minutes on one side.
Leave the chicken to cook in the pan on medium-high heat for 8-10 minutes. It is important not to flip, turn, or stir the chicken during this time.
2-4. Flip the chicken and cook for 8-10 minutes on the other side.
Using a set of tongs, carefully flip each piece of chicken. If the chicken sticks to the bottom of the pan, give it another minute before flipping. After your chicken is flipped, give it another 8-10 minutes to brown on the other side.
3. Finishing the Process
3-1. Remove the chicken with tongs.
After the chicken has been browned on each side, remove each piece of chicken using tongs. Place your chicken on a clean plate and set it aside.
3-2. Repeat this process with additional pieces of chicken.
If you were not able to fit all of your chicken into your skillet without crowding, you’ll need to repeat this process with the rest of your chicken. Begin by adding 1-2 teaspoons of fresh oil to your hot pan, then add your chicken. Cook it on each side, then remove it from the pan.
3-3. Continue with your recipe.
Now that all of your chicken has been browned, you can continue with your recipe. Bake, braise, or simmer the chicken according to your instructions. Chicken is fully cooked when it is no longer pink in the middle and an internal thermometer reads 165 F (73.8 C).
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Prepping the Chicken and Pan\\n1-1. Bring the chicken to room temperature.\\nBrowning works best if the chicken is at room temperature. Before you begin cooking, remove your chicken from the refrigerator and spread it out on a plate. Allow 20-30 minutes for the chicken to sit before you begin cooking.\\nBacteria begins to grow if raw chicken is left unrefrigerated for more than 2 hours.\\n1-2. Trim and rinse the chicken.\\nThe next step in preparing your chicken is to trim any fat using a sharp knife, and discard the fat. Then rinse your pieces of chicken under cold water.\\n1-3. Pat the chicken dry with paper towels.\\nYour pieces of chicken need to be dry in order to properly brown. Using paper towels, carefully blot each piece of chicken on both sides until it is dry.\\n1-4. Heat oil in a skillet.\\nTo brown your chicken, you’ll want to use either olive oil, canola oil, corn oil, or butter. Measure out 1-2 Tablespoons of your chosen oil and add it to a heavy skillet. Then heat this over medium-high heat until hot.\\nNon-stick pans are not designed to be used for high-heat cooking.\\nInstead, use a stainless steel or iron skillet.\\n2. Cooking the Chicken on Each Side\\n2-1. Season the chicken.\\nIf your recipe asks you to season the chicken, now is the time to do so. Sprinkle salt, pepper, or other seasoning on each side of each piece of chicken.\\n2-2. Place the chicken in the skillet.\\nUse tongs to place the chicken in a single layer without crowding it. If the chicken is too crowded in the pan, it will steam rather than brown. If you have more chicken than will fit in your skillet, brown your chicken in two or more rounds.\\n2-3. Cook the chicken for 8-10 minutes on one side.\\nLeave the chicken to cook in the pan on medium-high heat for 8-10 minutes. It is important not to flip, turn, or stir the chicken during this time.\\n2-4. Flip the chicken and cook for 8-10 minutes on the other side.\\nUsing a set of tongs, carefully flip each piece of chicken. If the chicken sticks to the bottom of the pan, give it another minute before flipping. After your chicken is flipped, give it another 8-10 minutes to brown on the other side.\\n3. Finishing the Process\\n3-1. Remove the chicken with tongs.\\nAfter the chicken has been browned on each side, remove each piece of chicken using tongs. Place your chicken on a clean plate and set it aside.\\n3-2. Repeat this process with additional pieces of chicken.\\nIf you were not able to fit all of your chicken into your skillet without crowding, you’ll need to repeat this process with the rest of your chicken. Begin by adding 1-2 teaspoons of fresh oil to your hot pan, then add your chicken. Cook it on each side, then remove it from the pan.\\n3-3. Continue with your recipe.\\nNow that all of your chicken has been browned, you can continue with your recipe. Bake, braise, or simmer the chicken according to your instructions. Chicken is fully cooked when it is no longer pink in the middle and an internal thermometer reads 165 F (73.8 C).\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Browning chicken is a crucial component to many chicken recipes. Browning, also called “searing,” is often a primary step that helps to improve the flavor of chicken before it is baked, braised, or simmered. By carefully prepping your chicken and pan, cooking the chicken on each side, and finishing up properly, you can have delicious, perfectly browned chicken for all your recipe needs.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepping the Chicken and Pan\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Bring the chicken to room temperature.\", \"描述\": \"Browning works best if the chicken is at room temperature. Before you begin cooking, remove your chicken from the refrigerator and spread it out on a plate. Allow 20-30 minutes for the chicken to sit before you begin cooking.\\nBacteria begins to grow if raw chicken is left unrefrigerated for more than 2 hours.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Trim and rinse the chicken.\", \"描述\": \"The next step in preparing your chicken is to trim any fat using a sharp knife, and discard the fat. Then rinse your pieces of chicken under cold water.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pat the chicken dry with paper towels.\", \"描述\": \"Your pieces of chicken need to be dry in order to properly brown. Using paper towels, carefully blot each piece of chicken on both sides until it is dry.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Heat oil in a skillet.\", \"描述\": \"To brown your chicken, you’ll want to use either olive oil, canola oil, corn oil, or butter. Measure out 1-2 Tablespoons of your chosen oil and add it to a heavy skillet. Then heat this over medium-high heat until hot.\\nNon-stick pans are not designed to be used for high-heat cooking.\\nInstead, use a stainless steel or iron skillet.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cooking the Chicken on Each Side\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Season the chicken.\", \"描述\": \"If your recipe asks you to season the chicken, now is the time to do so. Sprinkle salt, pepper, or other seasoning on each side of each piece of chicken.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Place the chicken in the skillet.\", \"描述\": \"Use tongs to place the chicken in a single layer without crowding it. If the chicken is too crowded in the pan, it will steam rather than brown. If you have more chicken than will fit in your skillet, brown your chicken in two or more rounds.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cook the chicken for 8-10 minutes on one side.\", \"描述\": \"Leave the chicken to cook in the pan on medium-high heat for 8-10 minutes. It is important not to flip, turn, or stir the chicken during this time.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Flip the chicken and cook for 8-10 minutes on the other side.\", \"描述\": \"Using a set of tongs, carefully flip each piece of chicken. If the chicken sticks to the bottom of the pan, give it another minute before flipping. After your chicken is flipped, give it another 8-10 minutes to brown on the other side.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finishing the Process\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Remove the chicken with tongs.\", \"描述\": \"After the chicken has been browned on each side, remove each piece of chicken using tongs. Place your chicken on a clean plate and set it aside.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Repeat this process with additional pieces of chicken.\", \"描述\": \"If you were not able to fit all of your chicken into your skillet without crowding, you’ll need to repeat this process with the rest of your chicken. Begin by adding 1-2 teaspoons of fresh oil to your hot pan, then add your chicken. Cook it on each side, then remove it from the pan.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Continue with your recipe.\", \"描述\": \"Now that all of your chicken has been browned, you can continue with your recipe. Bake, braise, or simmer the chicken according to your instructions. Chicken is fully cooked when it is no longer pink in the middle and an internal thermometer reads 165 F (73.8 C).\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,046 |
How to Brown Ground Beef
|
1. Using the Stove
1-1. Thaw the beef in the refrigerator for a day if it is frozen.
Fresh ground beef doesn’t need to be thawed, but frozen ground beef should be moved to the refrigerator before you need to cook it. Keep it wrapped in its original packaging. The cool temperature protects it from bacteria as it unfreezes, so you can keep the ground beef in there for up to 2 days after defrosting.
If you need to thaw larger packages of beef, give them additional time in the refrigerator. For example, a 2 lb (0.91 kg) package of beef needs to be in the refrigerator for 2 days.
If you are in a hurry, move the beef to the microwave. Use a defrost setting or set your microwave to 50% power. Gradually heat the meat until it is no longer icy but still cold.
Another way to defrost is with cold water in your sink. Keep your beef in its plastic wrapping or move it to a watertight container. Submerge the beef, changing out the water every 30 minutes. Keep doing this until the beef is cool but not icy.
1-2. Spray a frying pan with nonstick cooking spray.
The spray prevents the ground beef from sticking to itself and the sides of the pan. It makes cooking a lot easier. If you have a nonstick pan, spraying the pan isn’t necessary, but it can still be helpful. Make sure you fully coat a frying pan big enough to hold all of the meat you wish to cook.
Your pan needs to provide plenty of space so you can move the beef around. If you are cooking more than 1 lb (0.45 kg) at a time, you may need to cook the beef in batches.
Instead of cooking spray, you can add up to 2 tsp (9.9 mL) of a cooking oil to the pan. This is useful for lean beef or nonstick pans.
1-3. Heat the pan over medium-high heat.
Get your pan nice and hot before adding the beef! You can test this by adding a few drops of water to the pan. When the pan is hot enough, the water will evaporate immediately. That means your pan is ready for the beef.
A cold pan won’t cook the beef properly. The beef will begin losing juices without browning and turn gray.
Remember that adding cold beef lowers the pan’s temperature, so heat the pan well before cooking.
1-4. Put the beef in the pan and let it brown for 3 minutes.
Drop the beef into the pan without breaking it up. A good strategy to keep in mind is to move the beef as infrequently as possible. Let it cook for at least 2 or 3 minutes so it turns a nice, even brown on 1 side. When you notice the edges crisping, you know the beef is ready to be flipped.
Infrequent stirring ensures that all sides of the beef get a chance to brown evenly.
Ground beef cooks very quickly, so don’t walk away from your stove.
Avoid adding water to the pan unless you want gray, steamed beef. If you wish to use water, add ⁄4 c (59 mL) for every 1 lb (0.45 kg) of beef you cook.
1-5. Flip the beef over and break it into small chunks with a spoon.
The beef will break apart a little when you flip it, but continue to divide larger pieces by pressing the edge of your spoon or spatula down onto them. Make sure all of the beef is flipped over onto its pink side, then let it cook for another 2 or 3 minutes.
Ground beef breaks apart easily, so stirring it in the pan isn’t much of a challenge despite the short cooking time.
Now is a good time to sprinkle the beef with a generous amount of salt to draw out additional flavor.
1-6. Turn the meat often until all red and pink parts turn brown.
Stir the beef in the pan using your wooden spoon or spatula, continuing to break up large pieces. Find any uncooked surfaces and keep them down against the pan. Cook the beef for a minute or 2 before stirring and checking again. Ensure the meat is fully cooked by checking the temperature with a thermometer. All pieces should be at least 160 °F (71 °C).
Ground beef takes approximately 7 to 10 minutes to cook all the way through, although this varies depending on your stove.
Turning the beef often ensures that 1 section doesn’t stay directly on the pan for too long and burn.
1-7. Pour the beef into a colander to drain the fat and juices.
Hold the colander over a trash bag, if possible, or set it on top of another pot. You can spoon the beef into the colander with a slotted spoon to avoid picking up most of the juice in the pan. Dump the fat into the trash once it cools.
Another way to do this is to set out some paper towels on a plate. Lay the beef on the paper towels, then use another paper towel to dab the beef dry.
Try not to pour grease down the sink, since it can lead to clogs.
2. Cooking in a Microwave
2-1. Defrost the beef for a day in the refrigerator if it is frozen.
When using a microwave, you have to pack the beef into a microwaveable container. Frozen beef is too solid for you to do this effectively. Thaw the beef first by moving it to the refrigerator a day before you need to cook it.
You can also use the defrost or 50% power on your setting to heat the beef until it is no longer icy.
Defrosting in cold water also can work. Make sure your beef is in a watertight container. Submerge the container in the water, draining and replacing the water every 30 minutes until the beef is no longer frozen.
2-2. Choose a microwave-safe container or plate.
Cook ground beef only in a container or plate that can withstand the intense heat. Glass or ceramic, such as a casserole dish, usually work well. Get a shallow, circular container if you can, since the shape helps the beef cook more evenly. Choose a dish large enough to hold all of the beef or microwave it in separate batches if necessary.
A metal steamer basket or colander can be effective for microwaving ground beef. You can also place the beef in a bowl set in the basket or colander to automatically drain fat.
Some plastic containers release harmful chemicals when heated. Check plastic containers to see if they have the words “microwave-safe” printed on them. Avoid using a container if you aren’t sure it is safe.
2-3. Arrange the beef so it is as flat on your plate or container.
Place your plate or container in the microwave. Take the beef out of its packaging, then spread it out across the plate. You shouldn’t have any trouble pressing the beef down by hand or with a spoon. Break the beef into smaller chunks as needed to distribute it evenly across your container.
If the beef is hard to break apart, defrost it in the microwave at a low temperature for about 2 minutes, then try again.
You can add 1 cup (240 mL) of lukewarm water to the container to speed up the cooking time. This will cause your beef to turn more gray than brown since it will cook through steaming.
2-4. Cover the container with a microwave-safe lid.
Make sure the lid is designed for heat exposure. Glass, ceramic, and safe plastic lids are all acceptable, especially if they match the container. Microwave-safe lids won't retain enough steam during the short cooking time, so you don't have to worry about your microwave turning into modern beef art.
If you don’t have a matching lid, cover the container with a tight layer of plastic wrap. Cut some vents into the wrap so steam escapes.
2-5. Cook the beef on medium heat for 5 minutes.
Choose a number 5 or 50% power setting on your microwave. Such a low heat setting cannot cook the beef all the way through, but it can cause the beef to warm more evenly. High temperatures tend to leave the edges of the beef piping hot and the center stone cold, similar to that frozen pizza pocket you may have tried heating once.
You can adjust the settings if you wish. Microwaving on a high heat setting is fine, but be cautious. Make sure the beef reaches a safe temperature before you use it.
Consider cooking the beef for shorter bursts as well, such as 2 minutes at a time. This will ensure that the temperature stays consistent across the beef.
2-6. Break the beef apart and stir it in the container.
Use a wooden spoon or another tool to divide up the ground beef as much as possible. Rearrange it in the container so the colder, pinker parts are on the outside and the warmer, browner parts are in the center. Flatten the beef out as much as possible before putting the lid back on.
Stirring the beef is an important part of getting an even brown coloring since microwaves cannot heat all of it consistently.
2-7. Cook and stir the beef again as necessary until it is brown.
Cook the beef for 2 to 5 minutes, take it out of the microwave, and stir it to bring any pink parts to the outside of the container. You may need to do this a few times before the beef is cooked all the way through. When it is finished, it should be completely brown and have an internal temperature of 160 °F (71 °C), which you can check with a thermometer.
Expect the cooking process to take between 7 to 10 minutes, not counting the time spent stopping and stirring. This will depend on the heat settings you use.
2-8. Drain the beef in a colander.
Set out a colander and dump the beef into it to eliminate the fat. Ideally, you should avoid letting the fat drain down the sink, but this can be tough to do with a colander. You can try holding the colander over a pot, jar, or another container, then dumping the beef into it.
You can also set the cooked beef on paper towels. Pat it down to speed up the drying process.
Wait for the fat to cool before putting it in the trash.
Tips
Some recipes call for meat browned with onions. Add finely diced onions to the pan before adding the beef, then cook it as you normally would.
Your beef may turn gray instead of brown. This happens when the beef cooks in too much moisture. It is still edible, but will be softer and have a little less flavor.
To add extra flavor to your meat as you brown it, try cooking it in 1⁄4 c (59 mL) of beef stock.
Warnings
Beef can have dangerous bacteria on it. Don’t ever leave beef out at room temperature for more than 2 hours. Wash your hands after handling raw beef.
Grease and fat can clog your sink. Protect your pipes by dumping it in the trash after it cools.
Using an unsafe container in the microwave can cause chemicals to leach into the beef. Avoid plastic containers not designed for use in the microwave.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:52",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using the Stove\\n1-1. Thaw the beef in the refrigerator for a day if it is frozen.\\nFresh ground beef doesn’t need to be thawed, but frozen ground beef should be moved to the refrigerator before you need to cook it. Keep it wrapped in its original packaging. The cool temperature protects it from bacteria as it unfreezes, so you can keep the ground beef in there for up to 2 days after defrosting.\\nIf you need to thaw larger packages of beef, give them additional time in the refrigerator. For example, a 2 lb (0.91 kg) package of beef needs to be in the refrigerator for 2 days.\\nIf you are in a hurry, move the beef to the microwave. Use a defrost setting or set your microwave to 50% power. Gradually heat the meat until it is no longer icy but still cold.\\nAnother way to defrost is with cold water in your sink. Keep your beef in its plastic wrapping or move it to a watertight container. Submerge the beef, changing out the water every 30 minutes. Keep doing this until the beef is cool but not icy.\\n1-2. Spray a frying pan with nonstick cooking spray.\\nThe spray prevents the ground beef from sticking to itself and the sides of the pan. It makes cooking a lot easier. If you have a nonstick pan, spraying the pan isn’t necessary, but it can still be helpful. Make sure you fully coat a frying pan big enough to hold all of the meat you wish to cook.\\nYour pan needs to provide plenty of space so you can move the beef around. If you are cooking more than 1 lb (0.45 kg) at a time, you may need to cook the beef in batches.\\nInstead of cooking spray, you can add up to 2 tsp (9.9 mL) of a cooking oil to the pan. This is useful for lean beef or nonstick pans.\\n1-3. Heat the pan over medium-high heat.\\nGet your pan nice and hot before adding the beef! You can test this by adding a few drops of water to the pan. When the pan is hot enough, the water will evaporate immediately. That means your pan is ready for the beef.\\nA cold pan won’t cook the beef properly. The beef will begin losing juices without browning and turn gray.\\nRemember that adding cold beef lowers the pan’s temperature, so heat the pan well before cooking.\\n1-4. Put the beef in the pan and let it brown for 3 minutes.\\nDrop the beef into the pan without breaking it up. A good strategy to keep in mind is to move the beef as infrequently as possible. Let it cook for at least 2 or 3 minutes so it turns a nice, even brown on 1 side. When you notice the edges crisping, you know the beef is ready to be flipped.\\nInfrequent stirring ensures that all sides of the beef get a chance to brown evenly.\\nGround beef cooks very quickly, so don’t walk away from your stove.\\nAvoid adding water to the pan unless you want gray, steamed beef. If you wish to use water, add ⁄4 c (59 mL) for every 1 lb (0.45 kg) of beef you cook.\\n1-5. Flip the beef over and break it into small chunks with a spoon.\\nThe beef will break apart a little when you flip it, but continue to divide larger pieces by pressing the edge of your spoon or spatula down onto them. Make sure all of the beef is flipped over onto its pink side, then let it cook for another 2 or 3 minutes.\\nGround beef breaks apart easily, so stirring it in the pan isn’t much of a challenge despite the short cooking time.\\nNow is a good time to sprinkle the beef with a generous amount of salt to draw out additional flavor.\\n1-6. Turn the meat often until all red and pink parts turn brown.\\nStir the beef in the pan using your wooden spoon or spatula, continuing to break up large pieces. Find any uncooked surfaces and keep them down against the pan. Cook the beef for a minute or 2 before stirring and checking again. Ensure the meat is fully cooked by checking the temperature with a thermometer. All pieces should be at least 160 °F (71 °C).\\nGround beef takes approximately 7 to 10 minutes to cook all the way through, although this varies depending on your stove.\\nTurning the beef often ensures that 1 section doesn’t stay directly on the pan for too long and burn.\\n1-7. Pour the beef into a colander to drain the fat and juices.\\nHold the colander over a trash bag, if possible, or set it on top of another pot. You can spoon the beef into the colander with a slotted spoon to avoid picking up most of the juice in the pan. Dump the fat into the trash once it cools.\\nAnother way to do this is to set out some paper towels on a plate. Lay the beef on the paper towels, then use another paper towel to dab the beef dry.\\nTry not to pour grease down the sink, since it can lead to clogs.\\n2. Cooking in a Microwave\\n2-1. Defrost the beef for a day in the refrigerator if it is frozen.\\nWhen using a microwave, you have to pack the beef into a microwaveable container. Frozen beef is too solid for you to do this effectively. Thaw the beef first by moving it to the refrigerator a day before you need to cook it.\\nYou can also use the defrost or 50% power on your setting to heat the beef until it is no longer icy.\\nDefrosting in cold water also can work. Make sure your beef is in a watertight container. Submerge the container in the water, draining and replacing the water every 30 minutes until the beef is no longer frozen.\\n2-2. Choose a microwave-safe container or plate.\\nCook ground beef only in a container or plate that can withstand the intense heat. Glass or ceramic, such as a casserole dish, usually work well. Get a shallow, circular container if you can, since the shape helps the beef cook more evenly. Choose a dish large enough to hold all of the beef or microwave it in separate batches if necessary.\\nA metal steamer basket or colander can be effective for microwaving ground beef. You can also place the beef in a bowl set in the basket or colander to automatically drain fat.\\nSome plastic containers release harmful chemicals when heated. Check plastic containers to see if they have the words “microwave-safe” printed on them. Avoid using a container if you aren’t sure it is safe.\\n2-3. Arrange the beef so it is as flat on your plate or container.\\nPlace your plate or container in the microwave. Take the beef out of its packaging, then spread it out across the plate. You shouldn’t have any trouble pressing the beef down by hand or with a spoon. Break the beef into smaller chunks as needed to distribute it evenly across your container.\\nIf the beef is hard to break apart, defrost it in the microwave at a low temperature for about 2 minutes, then try again.\\nYou can add 1 cup (240 mL) of lukewarm water to the container to speed up the cooking time. This will cause your beef to turn more gray than brown since it will cook through steaming.\\n2-4. Cover the container with a microwave-safe lid.\\nMake sure the lid is designed for heat exposure. Glass, ceramic, and safe plastic lids are all acceptable, especially if they match the container. Microwave-safe lids won't retain enough steam during the short cooking time, so you don't have to worry about your microwave turning into modern beef art.\\nIf you don’t have a matching lid, cover the container with a tight layer of plastic wrap. Cut some vents into the wrap so steam escapes.\\n2-5. Cook the beef on medium heat for 5 minutes.\\nChoose a number 5 or 50% power setting on your microwave. Such a low heat setting cannot cook the beef all the way through, but it can cause the beef to warm more evenly. High temperatures tend to leave the edges of the beef piping hot and the center stone cold, similar to that frozen pizza pocket you may have tried heating once.\\nYou can adjust the settings if you wish. Microwaving on a high heat setting is fine, but be cautious. Make sure the beef reaches a safe temperature before you use it.\\nConsider cooking the beef for shorter bursts as well, such as 2 minutes at a time. This will ensure that the temperature stays consistent across the beef.\\n2-6. Break the beef apart and stir it in the container.\\nUse a wooden spoon or another tool to divide up the ground beef as much as possible. Rearrange it in the container so the colder, pinker parts are on the outside and the warmer, browner parts are in the center. Flatten the beef out as much as possible before putting the lid back on.\\nStirring the beef is an important part of getting an even brown coloring since microwaves cannot heat all of it consistently.\\n2-7. Cook and stir the beef again as necessary until it is brown.\\nCook the beef for 2 to 5 minutes, take it out of the microwave, and stir it to bring any pink parts to the outside of the container. You may need to do this a few times before the beef is cooked all the way through. When it is finished, it should be completely brown and have an internal temperature of 160 °F (71 °C), which you can check with a thermometer.\\nExpect the cooking process to take between 7 to 10 minutes, not counting the time spent stopping and stirring. This will depend on the heat settings you use.\\n2-8. Drain the beef in a colander.\\nSet out a colander and dump the beef into it to eliminate the fat. Ideally, you should avoid letting the fat drain down the sink, but this can be tough to do with a colander. You can try holding the colander over a pot, jar, or another container, then dumping the beef into it.\\nYou can also set the cooked beef on paper towels. Pat it down to speed up the drying process.\\nWait for the fat to cool before putting it in the trash.\\nTips\\nSome recipes call for meat browned with onions. Add finely diced onions to the pan before adding the beef, then cook it as you normally would.\\nYour beef may turn gray instead of brown. This happens when the beef cooks in too much moisture. It is still edible, but will be softer and have a little less flavor.\\nTo add extra flavor to your meat as you brown it, try cooking it in 1⁄4 c (59 mL) of beef stock.\\nWarnings\\nBeef can have dangerous bacteria on it. Don’t ever leave beef out at room temperature for more than 2 hours. Wash your hands after handling raw beef.\\nGrease and fat can clog your sink. Protect your pipes by dumping it in the trash after it cools.\\nUsing an unsafe container in the microwave can cause chemicals to leach into the beef. Avoid plastic containers not designed for use in the microwave.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Browning ground beef is a way to cook the meat and remove the fat before adding the beef to a dishes such as tacos or chili. The most common way to cook beef is on a stovetop, but you can do it easily in a microwave as well. No matter which way you choose, browning is simple and can lead to crisp, flavorful ground beef.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using the Stove\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Thaw the beef in the refrigerator for a day if it is frozen.\", \"描述\": \"Fresh ground beef doesn’t need to be thawed, but frozen ground beef should be moved to the refrigerator before you need to cook it. Keep it wrapped in its original packaging. The cool temperature protects it from bacteria as it unfreezes, so you can keep the ground beef in there for up to 2 days after defrosting.\\nIf you need to thaw larger packages of beef, give them additional time in the refrigerator. For example, a 2 lb (0.91 kg) package of beef needs to be in the refrigerator for 2 days.\\nIf you are in a hurry, move the beef to the microwave. Use a defrost setting or set your microwave to 50% power. Gradually heat the meat until it is no longer icy but still cold.\\nAnother way to defrost is with cold water in your sink. Keep your beef in its plastic wrapping or move it to a watertight container. Submerge the beef, changing out the water every 30 minutes. Keep doing this until the beef is cool but not icy.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Spray a frying pan with nonstick cooking spray.\", \"描述\": \"The spray prevents the ground beef from sticking to itself and the sides of the pan. It makes cooking a lot easier. If you have a nonstick pan, spraying the pan isn’t necessary, but it can still be helpful. Make sure you fully coat a frying pan big enough to hold all of the meat you wish to cook.\\nYour pan needs to provide plenty of space so you can move the beef around. If you are cooking more than 1 lb (0.45 kg) at a time, you may need to cook the beef in batches.\\nInstead of cooking spray, you can add up to 2 tsp (9.9 mL) of a cooking oil to the pan. This is useful for lean beef or nonstick pans.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Heat the pan over medium-high heat.\", \"描述\": \"Get your pan nice and hot before adding the beef! You can test this by adding a few drops of water to the pan. When the pan is hot enough, the water will evaporate immediately. That means your pan is ready for the beef.\\nA cold pan won’t cook the beef properly. The beef will begin losing juices without browning and turn gray.\\nRemember that adding cold beef lowers the pan’s temperature, so heat the pan well before cooking.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Put the beef in the pan and let it brown for 3 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Drop the beef into the pan without breaking it up. A good strategy to keep in mind is to move the beef as infrequently as possible. Let it cook for at least 2 or 3 minutes so it turns a nice, even brown on 1 side. When you notice the edges crisping, you know the beef is ready to be flipped.\\nInfrequent stirring ensures that all sides of the beef get a chance to brown evenly.\\nGround beef cooks very quickly, so don’t walk away from your stove.\\nAvoid adding water to the pan unless you want gray, steamed beef. If you wish to use water, add ⁄4 c (59 mL) for every 1 lb (0.45 kg) of beef you cook.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Flip the beef over and break it into small chunks with a spoon.\", \"描述\": \"The beef will break apart a little when you flip it, but continue to divide larger pieces by pressing the edge of your spoon or spatula down onto them. Make sure all of the beef is flipped over onto its pink side, then let it cook for another 2 or 3 minutes.\\nGround beef breaks apart easily, so stirring it in the pan isn’t much of a challenge despite the short cooking time.\\nNow is a good time to sprinkle the beef with a generous amount of salt to draw out additional flavor.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Turn the meat often until all red and pink parts turn brown.\", \"描述\": \"Stir the beef in the pan using your wooden spoon or spatula, continuing to break up large pieces. Find any uncooked surfaces and keep them down against the pan. Cook the beef for a minute or 2 before stirring and checking again. Ensure the meat is fully cooked by checking the temperature with a thermometer. All pieces should be at least 160 °F (71 °C).\\nGround beef takes approximately 7 to 10 minutes to cook all the way through, although this varies depending on your stove.\\nTurning the beef often ensures that 1 section doesn’t stay directly on the pan for too long and burn.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Pour the beef into a colander to drain the fat and juices.\", \"描述\": \"Hold the colander over a trash bag, if possible, or set it on top of another pot. You can spoon the beef into the colander with a slotted spoon to avoid picking up most of the juice in the pan. Dump the fat into the trash once it cools.\\nAnother way to do this is to set out some paper towels on a plate. Lay the beef on the paper towels, then use another paper towel to dab the beef dry.\\nTry not to pour grease down the sink, since it can lead to clogs.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cooking in a Microwave\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Defrost the beef for a day in the refrigerator if it is frozen.\", \"描述\": \"When using a microwave, you have to pack the beef into a microwaveable container. Frozen beef is too solid for you to do this effectively. Thaw the beef first by moving it to the refrigerator a day before you need to cook it.\\nYou can also use the defrost or 50% power on your setting to heat the beef until it is no longer icy.\\nDefrosting in cold water also can work. Make sure your beef is in a watertight container. Submerge the container in the water, draining and replacing the water every 30 minutes until the beef is no longer frozen.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a microwave-safe container or plate.\", \"描述\": \"Cook ground beef only in a container or plate that can withstand the intense heat. Glass or ceramic, such as a casserole dish, usually work well. Get a shallow, circular container if you can, since the shape helps the beef cook more evenly. Choose a dish large enough to hold all of the beef or microwave it in separate batches if necessary.\\nA metal steamer basket or colander can be effective for microwaving ground beef. You can also place the beef in a bowl set in the basket or colander to automatically drain fat.\\nSome plastic containers release harmful chemicals when heated. Check plastic containers to see if they have the words “microwave-safe” printed on them. Avoid using a container if you aren’t sure it is safe.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Arrange the beef so it is as flat on your plate or container.\", \"描述\": \"Place your plate or container in the microwave. Take the beef out of its packaging, then spread it out across the plate. You shouldn’t have any trouble pressing the beef down by hand or with a spoon. Break the beef into smaller chunks as needed to distribute it evenly across your container.\\nIf the beef is hard to break apart, defrost it in the microwave at a low temperature for about 2 minutes, then try again.\\nYou can add 1 cup (240 mL) of lukewarm water to the container to speed up the cooking time. This will cause your beef to turn more gray than brown since it will cook through steaming.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cover the container with a microwave-safe lid.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure the lid is designed for heat exposure. Glass, ceramic, and safe plastic lids are all acceptable, especially if they match the container. Microwave-safe lids won't retain enough steam during the short cooking time, so you don't have to worry about your microwave turning into modern beef art.\\nIf you don’t have a matching lid, cover the container with a tight layer of plastic wrap. Cut some vents into the wrap so steam escapes.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Cook the beef on medium heat for 5 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Choose a number 5 or 50% power setting on your microwave. Such a low heat setting cannot cook the beef all the way through, but it can cause the beef to warm more evenly. High temperatures tend to leave the edges of the beef piping hot and the center stone cold, similar to that frozen pizza pocket you may have tried heating once.\\nYou can adjust the settings if you wish. Microwaving on a high heat setting is fine, but be cautious. Make sure the beef reaches a safe temperature before you use it.\\nConsider cooking the beef for shorter bursts as well, such as 2 minutes at a time. This will ensure that the temperature stays consistent across the beef.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Break the beef apart and stir it in the container.\", \"描述\": \"Use a wooden spoon or another tool to divide up the ground beef as much as possible. Rearrange it in the container so the colder, pinker parts are on the outside and the warmer, browner parts are in the center. Flatten the beef out as much as possible before putting the lid back on.\\nStirring the beef is an important part of getting an even brown coloring since microwaves cannot heat all of it consistently.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Cook and stir the beef again as necessary until it is brown.\", \"描述\": \"Cook the beef for 2 to 5 minutes, take it out of the microwave, and stir it to bring any pink parts to the outside of the container. You may need to do this a few times before the beef is cooked all the way through. When it is finished, it should be completely brown and have an internal temperature of 160 °F (71 °C), which you can check with a thermometer.\\nExpect the cooking process to take between 7 to 10 minutes, not counting the time spent stopping and stirring. This will depend on the heat settings you use.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Drain the beef in a colander.\", \"描述\": \"Set out a colander and dump the beef into it to eliminate the fat. Ideally, you should avoid letting the fat drain down the sink, but this can be tough to do with a colander. You can try holding the colander over a pot, jar, or another container, then dumping the beef into it.\\nYou can also set the cooked beef on paper towels. Pat it down to speed up the drying process.\\nWait for the fat to cool before putting it in the trash.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Some recipes call for meat browned with onions. Add finely diced onions to the pan before adding the beef, then cook it as you normally would.\\n\", \"Your beef may turn gray instead of brown. This happens when the beef cooks in too much moisture. It is still edible, but will be softer and have a little less flavor.\\n\", \"To add extra flavor to your meat as you brown it, try cooking it in 1⁄4 c (59 mL) of beef stock.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Beef can have dangerous bacteria on it. Don’t ever leave beef out at room temperature for more than 2 hours. Wash your hands after handling raw beef.\\n\", \"Grease and fat can clog your sink. Protect your pipes by dumping it in the trash after it cools.\\n\", \"Using an unsafe container in the microwave can cause chemicals to leach into the beef. Avoid plastic containers not designed for use in the microwave.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,047 |
How to Brown Ground Turkey
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1. Browning on the Stove Top
1-1. Defrost the meat, if needed.
If you're starting with ground turkey that's frozen, you'll need to defrost it before you brown it. To defrost the ground turkey in the refrigerator, place it in the refrigerator at least overnight before you plan to cook it. You could also remove the ground turkey from its packaging and place it in a microwave-safe dish. Use the defrost setting on your microwave for the specific weight of ground turkey you want to defrost.
1-2. Heat a skillet.
Preheat a large skillet over medium-high heat. If you're using very lean ground turkey, you may want to add a few teaspoons of vegetable oil to the skillet. This will keep the ground turkey from sticking to the pan.
1-3. Add the ground turkey to the pan and stir it.
Remove the ground turkey from its packaging and place it in the preheated skillet. Use a spoon to break up the ground turkey and stir it well.
1-4. Cook the ground turkey for 14 to 16 minutes.
Stir the ground turkey occasionally and let it cook for 14 to 16 minutes. The turkey should turn a white-gray color and then begin to brown a little as it caramelizes.
1-5. Check the temperature of the browned ground turkey.
Insert a thermometer and check the temperature of the meat. It should be 165 degrees F (70 degrees C) before it's safe to use in a recipe.
1-6. Drain the ground turkey.
Place a few paper towels on a large plate. Scoop the cooked meat onto the paper towels so you leave the grease in the skillet and the paper towels absorb the excess grease.
2. Browning in the Microwave
2-1. Place the ground turkey in a microwave-safe dish.
Remove the ground turkey from the package and set it in a microwave-safe dish. If the dish comes with a lid, fasten it on the dish. Or you can tear a sheet of plastic wrap and loosely place it over the dish.
Covering the ground turkey is important because it traps heat in the dish. This will kill harmful bacteria.
If your ground turkey is frozen, you'll need to use the defrost setting on your microwave before you cook the ground turkey. Cook the defrosted ground turkey immediately.
2-2. Microwave the ground turkey for 2 1/2 minutes.
Place the covered dish in the microwave and heat the ground turkey for 2 1/2 minutes. Keep in mind that the ground turkey won't be completely cooked at this point.
2-3. Stir the ground turkey and microwave it for another 2 1/2 minutes.
Carefully remove the dish of ground turkey from the microwave. Remove the lid and stir the meat to break it up and ensure that it cooks evenly. Put the lid back on and return the dish to the microwave. Heat the meat for another 2 1/2 minutes.
2-4. Check the temperature before you use the ground turkey.
Remove the ground turkey from the microwave and insert a thermometer into the meat. The ground turkey is safe to use once it's reached 165 degrees F (70 degrees C). You can season the ground turkey and use it in your favorite recipe.
If you need to drain the ground turkey, place a few paper towels on a large plate. Scoop the cooked meat onto the paper towels so you leave the grease in the microwave-safe dish while the paper towels absorb the excess grease.
3. Using Browned Ground Turkey
3-1. Add ground turkey to soups.
Ground turkey is a great way to include lean protein in your soups. Stir some browned ground turkey into your favorite vegetable soup or chili. Simmer the soup or chili until your vegetables or beans are tender.
You can also use ground turkey in flavorful curries. These are great when you serve them with rice or flatbread.
3-2. Use ground turkey in casseroles.
You can replace ground pork or ground beef with ground turkey in your favorite casserole. For example, make a lighter turkey stroganoff, shepherd's pie, or lasagna. If you're pressed for time, you could also make traditional spaghetti in meat sauce, just use ground turkey.
3-3. Make turkey tacos or stir fried rice.
For a few quick meals, fill hard or soft taco shells with ground turkey. Season the ground turkey with taco or Mexican seasonings. Or for another fast meal, fry cooked rice in a skillet with mixed vegetables. Add some ground turkey and serve the stir fried rice with soy sauce.
For an even lighter meal, make a fresh green salad and top it with seasoned ground turkey. Slice extra vegetables to serve on top.
3-4. Stuff peppers or make loose meat sandwiches.
Instead of using ground beef to make sloppy joes, use browned ground turkey for a lower-fat option. If you're trying to eat more veggies, combine ground turkey with cheese and sauce. Stuff hollowed out bell peppers with the ground turkey mixture and bake until the peppers are soft.
You can also replace ground beef with ground turkey on homemade pizzas.
Tips
Avoid adding water to the pan or dish since this will keep the ground turkey from caramelizing as it cooks.[10]
X
Research source
Always place the ground meat package on another pan or plate to catch any drippings. That way, you don't have to clean off the entire fridge shelf afterwards.
To prevent food spoilage, you'll need to brown the ground turkey immediately after you've defrosted it in the microwave.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Browning on the Stove Top\\n1-1. Defrost the meat, if needed.\\nIf you're starting with ground turkey that's frozen, you'll need to defrost it before you brown it. To defrost the ground turkey in the refrigerator, place it in the refrigerator at least overnight before you plan to cook it. You could also remove the ground turkey from its packaging and place it in a microwave-safe dish. Use the defrost setting on your microwave for the specific weight of ground turkey you want to defrost.\\n1-2. Heat a skillet.\\nPreheat a large skillet over medium-high heat. If you're using very lean ground turkey, you may want to add a few teaspoons of vegetable oil to the skillet. This will keep the ground turkey from sticking to the pan.\\n1-3. Add the ground turkey to the pan and stir it.\\nRemove the ground turkey from its packaging and place it in the preheated skillet. Use a spoon to break up the ground turkey and stir it well.\\n1-4. Cook the ground turkey for 14 to 16 minutes.\\nStir the ground turkey occasionally and let it cook for 14 to 16 minutes. The turkey should turn a white-gray color and then begin to brown a little as it caramelizes.\\n1-5. Check the temperature of the browned ground turkey.\\nInsert a thermometer and check the temperature of the meat. It should be 165 degrees F (70 degrees C) before it's safe to use in a recipe.\\n1-6. Drain the ground turkey.\\nPlace a few paper towels on a large plate. Scoop the cooked meat onto the paper towels so you leave the grease in the skillet and the paper towels absorb the excess grease.\\n2. Browning in the Microwave\\n2-1. Place the ground turkey in a microwave-safe dish.\\nRemove the ground turkey from the package and set it in a microwave-safe dish. If the dish comes with a lid, fasten it on the dish. Or you can tear a sheet of plastic wrap and loosely place it over the dish.\\nCovering the ground turkey is important because it traps heat in the dish. This will kill harmful bacteria.\\nIf your ground turkey is frozen, you'll need to use the defrost setting on your microwave before you cook the ground turkey. Cook the defrosted ground turkey immediately.\\n2-2. Microwave the ground turkey for 2 1/2 minutes.\\nPlace the covered dish in the microwave and heat the ground turkey for 2 1/2 minutes. Keep in mind that the ground turkey won't be completely cooked at this point.\\n2-3. Stir the ground turkey and microwave it for another 2 1/2 minutes.\\nCarefully remove the dish of ground turkey from the microwave. Remove the lid and stir the meat to break it up and ensure that it cooks evenly. Put the lid back on and return the dish to the microwave. Heat the meat for another 2 1/2 minutes.\\n2-4. Check the temperature before you use the ground turkey.\\nRemove the ground turkey from the microwave and insert a thermometer into the meat. The ground turkey is safe to use once it's reached 165 degrees F (70 degrees C). You can season the ground turkey and use it in your favorite recipe.\\nIf you need to drain the ground turkey, place a few paper towels on a large plate. Scoop the cooked meat onto the paper towels so you leave the grease in the microwave-safe dish while the paper towels absorb the excess grease.\\n3. Using Browned Ground Turkey\\n3-1. Add ground turkey to soups.\\nGround turkey is a great way to include lean protein in your soups. Stir some browned ground turkey into your favorite vegetable soup or chili. Simmer the soup or chili until your vegetables or beans are tender.\\nYou can also use ground turkey in flavorful curries. These are great when you serve them with rice or flatbread.\\n3-2. Use ground turkey in casseroles.\\nYou can replace ground pork or ground beef with ground turkey in your favorite casserole. For example, make a lighter turkey stroganoff, shepherd's pie, or lasagna. If you're pressed for time, you could also make traditional spaghetti in meat sauce, just use ground turkey.\\n3-3. Make turkey tacos or stir fried rice.\\nFor a few quick meals, fill hard or soft taco shells with ground turkey. Season the ground turkey with taco or Mexican seasonings. Or for another fast meal, fry cooked rice in a skillet with mixed vegetables. Add some ground turkey and serve the stir fried rice with soy sauce.\\nFor an even lighter meal, make a fresh green salad and top it with seasoned ground turkey. Slice extra vegetables to serve on top.\\n3-4. Stuff peppers or make loose meat sandwiches.\\nInstead of using ground beef to make sloppy joes, use browned ground turkey for a lower-fat option. If you're trying to eat more veggies, combine ground turkey with cheese and sauce. Stuff hollowed out bell peppers with the ground turkey mixture and bake until the peppers are soft.\\nYou can also replace ground beef with ground turkey on homemade pizzas.\\nTips\\nAvoid adding water to the pan or dish since this will keep the ground turkey from caramelizing as it cooks.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nAlways place the ground meat package on another pan or plate to catch any drippings. That way, you don't have to clean off the entire fridge shelf afterwards.\\nTo prevent food spoilage, you'll need to brown the ground turkey immediately after you've defrosted it in the microwave.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you're trying to eat more lean meats, cook with ground turkey. Simply brown it in a skillet on the stove or heat it in a microwave until it's at food safe temperature (165 degrees F or 70 degrees C). If there's any grease, just drain it before using the meat. You can use the cooked ground turkey in any of your favorite recipes that call for ground meat.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Browning on the Stove Top\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Defrost the meat, if needed.\", \"描述\": \"If you're starting with ground turkey that's frozen, you'll need to defrost it before you brown it. To defrost the ground turkey in the refrigerator, place it in the refrigerator at least overnight before you plan to cook it. You could also remove the ground turkey from its packaging and place it in a microwave-safe dish. Use the defrost setting on your microwave for the specific weight of ground turkey you want to defrost.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Heat a skillet.\", \"描述\": \"Preheat a large skillet over medium-high heat. If you're using very lean ground turkey, you may want to add a few teaspoons of vegetable oil to the skillet. This will keep the ground turkey from sticking to the pan.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add the ground turkey to the pan and stir it.\", \"描述\": \"Remove the ground turkey from its packaging and place it in the preheated skillet. Use a spoon to break up the ground turkey and stir it well.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cook the ground turkey for 14 to 16 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Stir the ground turkey occasionally and let it cook for 14 to 16 minutes. The turkey should turn a white-gray color and then begin to brown a little as it caramelizes.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check the temperature of the browned ground turkey.\", \"描述\": \"Insert a thermometer and check the temperature of the meat. It should be 165 degrees F (70 degrees C) before it's safe to use in a recipe.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Drain the ground turkey.\", \"描述\": \"Place a few paper towels on a large plate. Scoop the cooked meat onto the paper towels so you leave the grease in the skillet and the paper towels absorb the excess grease.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Browning in the Microwave\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Place the ground turkey in a microwave-safe dish.\", \"描述\": \"Remove the ground turkey from the package and set it in a microwave-safe dish. If the dish comes with a lid, fasten it on the dish. Or you can tear a sheet of plastic wrap and loosely place it over the dish.\\nCovering the ground turkey is important because it traps heat in the dish. This will kill harmful bacteria.\\nIf your ground turkey is frozen, you'll need to use the defrost setting on your microwave before you cook the ground turkey. Cook the defrosted ground turkey immediately.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Microwave the ground turkey for 2 1/2 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Place the covered dish in the microwave and heat the ground turkey for 2 1/2 minutes. Keep in mind that the ground turkey won't be completely cooked at this point.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stir the ground turkey and microwave it for another 2 1/2 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Carefully remove the dish of ground turkey from the microwave. Remove the lid and stir the meat to break it up and ensure that it cooks evenly. Put the lid back on and return the dish to the microwave. Heat the meat for another 2 1/2 minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Check the temperature before you use the ground turkey.\", \"描述\": \"Remove the ground turkey from the microwave and insert a thermometer into the meat. The ground turkey is safe to use once it's reached 165 degrees F (70 degrees C). You can season the ground turkey and use it in your favorite recipe.\\nIf you need to drain the ground turkey, place a few paper towels on a large plate. Scoop the cooked meat onto the paper towels so you leave the grease in the microwave-safe dish while the paper towels absorb the excess grease.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using Browned Ground Turkey\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Add ground turkey to soups.\", \"描述\": \"Ground turkey is a great way to include lean protein in your soups. Stir some browned ground turkey into your favorite vegetable soup or chili. Simmer the soup or chili until your vegetables or beans are tender.\\nYou can also use ground turkey in flavorful curries. These are great when you serve them with rice or flatbread.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use ground turkey in casseroles.\", \"描述\": \"You can replace ground pork or ground beef with ground turkey in your favorite casserole. For example, make a lighter turkey stroganoff, shepherd's pie, or lasagna. If you're pressed for time, you could also make traditional spaghetti in meat sauce, just use ground turkey.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make turkey tacos or stir fried rice.\", \"描述\": \"For a few quick meals, fill hard or soft taco shells with ground turkey. Season the ground turkey with taco or Mexican seasonings. Or for another fast meal, fry cooked rice in a skillet with mixed vegetables. Add some ground turkey and serve the stir fried rice with soy sauce.\\nFor an even lighter meal, make a fresh green salad and top it with seasoned ground turkey. Slice extra vegetables to serve on top.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stuff peppers or make loose meat sandwiches.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of using ground beef to make sloppy joes, use browned ground turkey for a lower-fat option. If you're trying to eat more veggies, combine ground turkey with cheese and sauce. Stuff hollowed out bell peppers with the ground turkey mixture and bake until the peppers are soft.\\nYou can also replace ground beef with ground turkey on homemade pizzas.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Avoid adding water to the pan or dish since this will keep the ground turkey from caramelizing as it cooks.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Always place the ground meat package on another pan or plate to catch any drippings. That way, you don't have to clean off the entire fridge shelf afterwards.\\n\", \"To prevent food spoilage, you'll need to brown the ground turkey immediately after you've defrosted it in the microwave.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,048 |
How to Brown Pork Chops
|
1. Heating Your Skillet
1-1. Put a cast iron skillet in your oven on the center rack.
Make sure one of the racks is in the center position inside your oven. If you don’t have a cast iron skillet, you can use any oven-safe frying pan.
If you don’t have a frying pan that you can put in the oven, then you can heat the pan on the stove instead.
1-2. Preheat the oven to 400 °F (204 °C).
Let the cast iron skillet heat up along with your oven. Be sure to let it preheat completely, which usually takes 10-15 minutes.
1-3. Pull the heated skillet out from the oven.
Once the oven is completely heated, put on a pair of oven mitts and remove the skillet. Be careful not to touch any part of the skillet with bare skin since it will burn you.
1-4. Turn your stove to medium heat to keep the pan warm.
Set the skillet on your stovetop and turn the burner onto medium heat. That way, the skillet will stay hot enough to sear the pork chops.
If you don’t have a pan that’s oven-safe, set it over medium-high heat. Test the pan by flicking water onto the pan, and keep heating it until the drops immediately sizzle.
2. Searing the Pork Chops
2-1. Pat the pork chops dry and season them with salt and pepper.
Make sure the pork chops are dry to the touch after using your paper towel. Sprinkle a large pinch of salt and pepper on each side of the pork chops and rub it into the meat. This helps flavor and tenderize your pork.
Wash your hands after handling raw meat and switching tasks. That way, you won’t spread any bacteria.
2-2. Set the pork chops on the hot skillet.
The pork chops should immediately start to sizzle once you place them on the pan. Leave ⁄2–1 inch (1.3–2.5 cm) between each of your chops so they aren’t overcrowded in the pan.
Once you set the pork chops down, don’t move them again until you need to flip them or else they won’t get crispy.
2-3. Sear the pork chops for 3 minutes.
Let the first side cook until the meat is crispy and golden brown on the bottom. Keep in mind that you will only be searing 1 side of the pork chops.
If the pork chops start to smoke, reduce your heat. If you have a vent fan, turn it on; otherwise, open the closest window to let in fresh air.
2-4. Flip the pork chops.
Use a pair of tongs to grab the sides of the pork chops and flip them over. The side on top should be golden brown and have a crispy texture when you scrape it with your tongs.
3. Finishing Pork Chops in the Oven
3-1. Put the skillet back in the oven for 6-10 minutes.
Once all of your pork chops are flipped over, immediately put the skillet into the oven. The rest of your cook time depends on how thick your chops are, but should take around 6-10 minutes. Use a probe thermometer to see if the pork’s internal temperature is at least 145 °F (63 °C).
Check your chops after 6 minutes in the oven, and then continue checking every 2 minutes afterward until they reach 145 °F (63 °C).
3-2. Let the pork chops rest for 5 minutes.
Remove the pork chops from the oven and transfer them to a warm plate so they can rest. This helps keep the juices inside your pork chop so they don’t dry out.
If there are any juices in the skillet, pour them on top of the chops when you’re finished to keep them moist and flavorful.
3-3. Serve the pork chops while they’re still hot.
Once the meat has rested, they’re ready to eat! Serve your pork chops with sides like oven-roasted potatoes or roasted vegetables. Your pork chops should be tender, juicy, and easy to cut.
Keep leftover pork chops in an airtight container the fridge for up to 4 days.
Warnings
Make sure your pork is cooked to an internal temperature of 145 °F (63 °C) to kill any harmful bacteria.[11]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Heating Your Skillet\\n1-1. Put a cast iron skillet in your oven on the center rack.\\nMake sure one of the racks is in the center position inside your oven. If you don’t have a cast iron skillet, you can use any oven-safe frying pan.\\nIf you don’t have a frying pan that you can put in the oven, then you can heat the pan on the stove instead.\\n1-2. Preheat the oven to 400 °F (204 °C).\\nLet the cast iron skillet heat up along with your oven. Be sure to let it preheat completely, which usually takes 10-15 minutes.\\n1-3. Pull the heated skillet out from the oven.\\nOnce the oven is completely heated, put on a pair of oven mitts and remove the skillet. Be careful not to touch any part of the skillet with bare skin since it will burn you.\\n1-4. Turn your stove to medium heat to keep the pan warm.\\nSet the skillet on your stovetop and turn the burner onto medium heat. That way, the skillet will stay hot enough to sear the pork chops.\\nIf you don’t have a pan that’s oven-safe, set it over medium-high heat. Test the pan by flicking water onto the pan, and keep heating it until the drops immediately sizzle.\\n2. Searing the Pork Chops\\n2-1. Pat the pork chops dry and season them with salt and pepper.\\nMake sure the pork chops are dry to the touch after using your paper towel. Sprinkle a large pinch of salt and pepper on each side of the pork chops and rub it into the meat. This helps flavor and tenderize your pork.\\nWash your hands after handling raw meat and switching tasks. That way, you won’t spread any bacteria.\\n2-2. Set the pork chops on the hot skillet.\\nThe pork chops should immediately start to sizzle once you place them on the pan. Leave ⁄2–1 inch (1.3–2.5 cm) between each of your chops so they aren’t overcrowded in the pan.\\nOnce you set the pork chops down, don’t move them again until you need to flip them or else they won’t get crispy.\\n2-3. Sear the pork chops for 3 minutes.\\nLet the first side cook until the meat is crispy and golden brown on the bottom. Keep in mind that you will only be searing 1 side of the pork chops.\\nIf the pork chops start to smoke, reduce your heat. If you have a vent fan, turn it on; otherwise, open the closest window to let in fresh air.\\n2-4. Flip the pork chops.\\nUse a pair of tongs to grab the sides of the pork chops and flip them over. The side on top should be golden brown and have a crispy texture when you scrape it with your tongs.\\n3. Finishing Pork Chops in the Oven\\n3-1. Put the skillet back in the oven for 6-10 minutes.\\nOnce all of your pork chops are flipped over, immediately put the skillet into the oven. The rest of your cook time depends on how thick your chops are, but should take around 6-10 minutes. Use a probe thermometer to see if the pork’s internal temperature is at least 145 °F (63 °C).\\nCheck your chops after 6 minutes in the oven, and then continue checking every 2 minutes afterward until they reach 145 °F (63 °C).\\n3-2. Let the pork chops rest for 5 minutes.\\nRemove the pork chops from the oven and transfer them to a warm plate so they can rest. This helps keep the juices inside your pork chop so they don’t dry out.\\nIf there are any juices in the skillet, pour them on top of the chops when you’re finished to keep them moist and flavorful.\\n3-3. Serve the pork chops while they’re still hot.\\nOnce the meat has rested, they’re ready to eat! Serve your pork chops with sides like oven-roasted potatoes or roasted vegetables. Your pork chops should be tender, juicy, and easy to cut.\\nKeep leftover pork chops in an airtight container the fridge for up to 4 days.\\nWarnings\\nMake sure your pork is cooked to an internal temperature of 145 °F (63 °C) to kill any harmful bacteria.[11]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Browning pork chops helps lock the juices into the meat and prevents them from drying out. Use an extremely hot pan when you’re searing your pork chops to get a crisp golden brown crust. Once the meat has a crispy exterior, finish cooking it in the oven and you’ll have a delicious meal!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Heating Your Skillet\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Put a cast iron skillet in your oven on the center rack.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure one of the racks is in the center position inside your oven. If you don’t have a cast iron skillet, you can use any oven-safe frying pan.\\nIf you don’t have a frying pan that you can put in the oven, then you can heat the pan on the stove instead.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preheat the oven to 400 °F (204 °C).\", \"描述\": \"Let the cast iron skillet heat up along with your oven. Be sure to let it preheat completely, which usually takes 10-15 minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pull the heated skillet out from the oven.\", \"描述\": \"Once the oven is completely heated, put on a pair of oven mitts and remove the skillet. Be careful not to touch any part of the skillet with bare skin since it will burn you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Turn your stove to medium heat to keep the pan warm.\", \"描述\": \"Set the skillet on your stovetop and turn the burner onto medium heat. That way, the skillet will stay hot enough to sear the pork chops.\\nIf you don’t have a pan that’s oven-safe, set it over medium-high heat. Test the pan by flicking water onto the pan, and keep heating it until the drops immediately sizzle.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Searing the Pork Chops\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pat the pork chops dry and season them with salt and pepper.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure the pork chops are dry to the touch after using your paper towel. Sprinkle a large pinch of salt and pepper on each side of the pork chops and rub it into the meat. This helps flavor and tenderize your pork.\\nWash your hands after handling raw meat and switching tasks. That way, you won’t spread any bacteria.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Set the pork chops on the hot skillet.\", \"描述\": \"The pork chops should immediately start to sizzle once you place them on the pan. Leave ⁄2–1 inch (1.3–2.5 cm) between each of your chops so they aren’t overcrowded in the pan.\\nOnce you set the pork chops down, don’t move them again until you need to flip them or else they won’t get crispy.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sear the pork chops for 3 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Let the first side cook until the meat is crispy and golden brown on the bottom. Keep in mind that you will only be searing 1 side of the pork chops.\\nIf the pork chops start to smoke, reduce your heat. If you have a vent fan, turn it on; otherwise, open the closest window to let in fresh air.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Flip the pork chops.\", \"描述\": \"Use a pair of tongs to grab the sides of the pork chops and flip them over. The side on top should be golden brown and have a crispy texture when you scrape it with your tongs.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finishing Pork Chops in the Oven\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Put the skillet back in the oven for 6-10 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Once all of your pork chops are flipped over, immediately put the skillet into the oven. The rest of your cook time depends on how thick your chops are, but should take around 6-10 minutes. Use a probe thermometer to see if the pork’s internal temperature is at least 145 °F (63 °C).\\nCheck your chops after 6 minutes in the oven, and then continue checking every 2 minutes afterward until they reach 145 °F (63 °C).\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Let the pork chops rest for 5 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Remove the pork chops from the oven and transfer them to a warm plate so they can rest. This helps keep the juices inside your pork chop so they don’t dry out.\\nIf there are any juices in the skillet, pour them on top of the chops when you’re finished to keep them moist and flavorful.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Serve the pork chops while they’re still hot.\", \"描述\": \"Once the meat has rested, they’re ready to eat! Serve your pork chops with sides like oven-roasted potatoes or roasted vegetables. Your pork chops should be tender, juicy, and easy to cut.\\nKeep leftover pork chops in an airtight container the fridge for up to 4 days.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Make sure your pork is cooked to an internal temperature of 145 °F (63 °C) to kill any harmful bacteria.[11]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,049 |
How to Brown a Roast for Cooking in a Crockpot
|
1. Steps
1-1. Rinse the roast with cold water.
1-2. Place the meat on a cutting board.
1-3. Pat it dry with paper towels, pressing to absorb as much water as possible.
The drier the outside of the meat is, the easier it will be to coat it with seasoning, as well as to sear it.
Searing turns into steaming if there is too much moisture on the surface of the meat and in the pan.
1-4. Trim any excess fat off the meat.
1-5. Cut the roast into smaller pieces if it is too large to fit into your crockpot.
1-6. Heat 2 tablespoons (30 mm) of cooking oil in a large Dutch oven on medium high heat.
1-7. Sprinkle and rub salt and pepper all over the meat.
1-8. Brown the meat in the hot oil for several minutes on each side.
Rotate it carefully so that the grease doesn’t splash onto your skin.
1-9. Remove the seared meat and place it in the crockpot you’ll use to roast it.
Tips
You can brown the roast the night before and refrigerate it overnight.
It is a common misconception that browning meat locks in moisture, but it has been conclusively proven false many times.
Warnings
Be sure the oil is hot enough to sear the meat, but not so hot that it burns it.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Rinse the roast with cold water.\\n\\n1-2. Place the meat on a cutting board.\\n\\n1-3. Pat it dry with paper towels, pressing to absorb as much water as possible.\\nThe drier the outside of the meat is, the easier it will be to coat it with seasoning, as well as to sear it.\\nSearing turns into steaming if there is too much moisture on the surface of the meat and in the pan.\\n1-4. Trim any excess fat off the meat.\\n\\n1-5. Cut the roast into smaller pieces if it is too large to fit into your crockpot.\\n\\n1-6. Heat 2 tablespoons (30 mm) of cooking oil in a large Dutch oven on medium high heat.\\n\\n1-7. Sprinkle and rub salt and pepper all over the meat.\\n\\n1-8. Brown the meat in the hot oil for several minutes on each side.\\nRotate it carefully so that the grease doesn’t splash onto your skin.\\n1-9. Remove the seared meat and place it in the crockpot you’ll use to roast it.\\n\\nTips\\nYou can brown the roast the night before and refrigerate it overnight.\\nIt is a common misconception that browning meat locks in moisture, but it has been conclusively proven false many times.\\nWarnings\\nBe sure the oil is hot enough to sear the meat, but not so hot that it burns it.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You can cook a roast in a crockpot without browning it, but the meat is more flavorful and appealing if sear it first. The high heat catalyzes the Maillard browning reactions, improving the flavor and texture. The sugars and fats caramelize on the surface of the meat and impart a richer flavor when the roast is finished cooking.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Rinse the roast with cold water.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Place the meat on a cutting board.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pat it dry with paper towels, pressing to absorb as much water as possible.\", \"描述\": \"The drier the outside of the meat is, the easier it will be to coat it with seasoning, as well as to sear it.\\nSearing turns into steaming if there is too much moisture on the surface of the meat and in the pan.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Trim any excess fat off the meat.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Cut the roast into smaller pieces if it is too large to fit into your crockpot.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Heat 2 tablespoons (30 mm) of cooking oil in a large Dutch oven on medium high heat.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Sprinkle and rub salt and pepper all over the meat.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Brown the meat in the hot oil for several minutes on each side.\", \"描述\": \"Rotate it carefully so that the grease doesn’t splash onto your skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Remove the seared meat and place it in the crockpot you’ll use to roast it.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You can brown the roast the night before and refrigerate it overnight.\\n\", \"It is a common misconception that browning meat locks in moisture, but it has been conclusively proven false many times.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be sure the oil is hot enough to sear the meat, but not so hot that it burns it.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,050 |
Brownouts & Blackouts: What Are They and How Should You Prepare for Them?
|
1. What is a brownout?
A brownout is a partial reduction in power to an electrical grid.
Though they’re sometimes accidental, utility providers often plan brownouts in advance to prevent electrical grids from getting overloaded due to sudden spikes in demand. For example, a heat wave could cause millions of people to turn on their air conditioners at roughly the same time of day. To prevent a dangerous power surge, utility providers may momentarily reduce voltage across the grid.
When a brownout happens, the lights in your house may dim a little.
Electronics may turn off or stop working properly.
After a few moments, the power level usually returns to normal.
A brownout can affect part or all of an electrical grid.
2. What is a blackout?
A blackout is an unplanned, total loss of power to an electrical grid.
They’re often caused by a failure of electrical equipment, such as a substation going offline due to a power surge. Local blackouts, like when you’re neighborhood loses power, can also happen when power lines and transformers get knocked down or short-circuited by falling trees, heavy snow, strong winds, or even bird strikes.
A blackout can affect part or all of an electrical grid.
When a blackout happens, everything in your home that requires electricity will turn off.
Smartphones and other battery-powered electronics can still work, as long as they’re charged.
Your power may stay offline for minutes, hours, or days, depending on the cause of the blackout and how widespread it is.
Your power won’t come online until the utility company fixes the problem. This could require anything from reconnecting a single power line to restarting entire power plants, depending on what went wrong.
3. How to Prepare for Brownouts and Blackouts
3-1. Prepare for brownouts by plugging your devices into surge protectors.
Surge protectors and power strips protect your electronics in the event of a power surge, which sometimes occurs after a brownout.Use power banks and battery backups for super-important things, like desktop computers and home security systems. These deliver a constant supply of electricity, regardless of a brownout or blackout.
The initial drop in power during a brownout could cause computers and other electronic devices to malfunction. Battery backups can help prevent this.
Make sure your home’s circuit breaker is working correctly. Have an electrician inspect it periodically to ensure it’s in working order.
There are also whole system surge protectors that connect to the main circuit breaker panel, protecting more than just a couple of devices. into that has a little strip. You want to get your system (inaudible) the main circuit breaker panel.
3-2. Prepare for blackouts by having an emergency kit handy.
Prepare an emergency kit with flashlights, batteries, potable water, and shelf-stable food. Stash your kit where you can access it easily, like a cabinet in the kitchen or bathroom.
When the power goes out, check your home’s circuit breaker for any tripped switches.
Unplug any computers, TVs, and other electronic devices before the power comes back online. This will prevent damage in the event of a power surge.
Avoid using candles due to the risk of fire. If you have to use a candle, keep it away from anything that could catch fire. Never leave it unattended.
Always keep at least one smartphone plugged in to ensure you’ll have a working phone in the event of a blackout.
Solar panels absorb the energy from the sun, which turns into electricity that is stored in a battery bank. If you can install solar panels in your property, you might be able to use the electricity during a power outage.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. What is a brownout?\\nA brownout is a partial reduction in power to an electrical grid.\\nThough they’re sometimes accidental, utility providers often plan brownouts in advance to prevent electrical grids from getting overloaded due to sudden spikes in demand. For example, a heat wave could cause millions of people to turn on their air conditioners at roughly the same time of day. To prevent a dangerous power surge, utility providers may momentarily reduce voltage across the grid.\\nWhen a brownout happens, the lights in your house may dim a little.\\nElectronics may turn off or stop working properly.\\nAfter a few moments, the power level usually returns to normal.\\nA brownout can affect part or all of an electrical grid.\\n2. What is a blackout?\\nA blackout is an unplanned, total loss of power to an electrical grid.\\nThey’re often caused by a failure of electrical equipment, such as a substation going offline due to a power surge. Local blackouts, like when you’re neighborhood loses power, can also happen when power lines and transformers get knocked down or short-circuited by falling trees, heavy snow, strong winds, or even bird strikes.\\nA blackout can affect part or all of an electrical grid.\\nWhen a blackout happens, everything in your home that requires electricity will turn off.\\nSmartphones and other battery-powered electronics can still work, as long as they’re charged.\\nYour power may stay offline for minutes, hours, or days, depending on the cause of the blackout and how widespread it is.\\nYour power won’t come online until the utility company fixes the problem. This could require anything from reconnecting a single power line to restarting entire power plants, depending on what went wrong.\\n3. How to Prepare for Brownouts and Blackouts\\n3-1. Prepare for brownouts by plugging your devices into surge protectors.\\nSurge protectors and power strips protect your electronics in the event of a power surge, which sometimes occurs after a brownout.Use power banks and battery backups for super-important things, like desktop computers and home security systems. These deliver a constant supply of electricity, regardless of a brownout or blackout.\\nThe initial drop in power during a brownout could cause computers and other electronic devices to malfunction. Battery backups can help prevent this.\\nMake sure your home’s circuit breaker is working correctly. Have an electrician inspect it periodically to ensure it’s in working order.\\nThere are also whole system surge protectors that connect to the main circuit breaker panel, protecting more than just a couple of devices. into that has a little strip. You want to get your system (inaudible) the main circuit breaker panel.\\n3-2. Prepare for blackouts by having an emergency kit handy.\\nPrepare an emergency kit with flashlights, batteries, potable water, and shelf-stable food. Stash your kit where you can access it easily, like a cabinet in the kitchen or bathroom.\\nWhen the power goes out, check your home’s circuit breaker for any tripped switches.\\nUnplug any computers, TVs, and other electronic devices before the power comes back online. This will prevent damage in the event of a power surge.\\nAvoid using candles due to the risk of fire. If you have to use a candle, keep it away from anything that could catch fire. Never leave it unattended.\\nAlways keep at least one smartphone plugged in to ensure you’ll have a working phone in the event of a blackout.\\nSolar panels absorb the energy from the sun, which turns into electricity that is stored in a battery bank. If you can install solar panels in your property, you might be able to use the electricity during a power outage.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Picture this. It’s a hot summer day and you’re on the couch, watching something on your phone. Suddenly, the lights start to dim. The air conditioner turns off for a second, only to switch on again as the lights brighten back to normal. Minutes later, the power goes out completely. Sound familiar? If so, you've probably experienced brownouts and blackouts before. Both result from drops in electrical supply—but their exact causes and consequences are very different. Curious to know more? We’ve prepared a simple explanation of blackouts and brownouts, including why they happen and what you should do to prepare for them.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"What is a brownout?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A brownout is a partial reduction in power to an electrical grid.\", \"描述\": \"Though they’re sometimes accidental, utility providers often plan brownouts in advance to prevent electrical grids from getting overloaded due to sudden spikes in demand. For example, a heat wave could cause millions of people to turn on their air conditioners at roughly the same time of day. To prevent a dangerous power surge, utility providers may momentarily reduce voltage across the grid.\\nWhen a brownout happens, the lights in your house may dim a little.\\nElectronics may turn off or stop working properly.\\nAfter a few moments, the power level usually returns to normal.\\nA brownout can affect part or all of an electrical grid.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"What is a blackout?\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A blackout is an unplanned, total loss of power to an electrical grid.\", \"描述\": \"They’re often caused by a failure of electrical equipment, such as a substation going offline due to a power surge. Local blackouts, like when you’re neighborhood loses power, can also happen when power lines and transformers get knocked down or short-circuited by falling trees, heavy snow, strong winds, or even bird strikes.\\nA blackout can affect part or all of an electrical grid.\\nWhen a blackout happens, everything in your home that requires electricity will turn off.\\nSmartphones and other battery-powered electronics can still work, as long as they’re charged.\\nYour power may stay offline for minutes, hours, or days, depending on the cause of the blackout and how widespread it is.\\nYour power won’t come online until the utility company fixes the problem. This could require anything from reconnecting a single power line to restarting entire power plants, depending on what went wrong.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"How to Prepare for Brownouts and Blackouts\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepare for brownouts by plugging your devices into surge protectors.\", \"描述\": \"Surge protectors and power strips protect your electronics in the event of a power surge, which sometimes occurs after a brownout.Use power banks and battery backups for super-important things, like desktop computers and home security systems. These deliver a constant supply of electricity, regardless of a brownout or blackout.\\nThe initial drop in power during a brownout could cause computers and other electronic devices to malfunction. Battery backups can help prevent this.\\nMake sure your home’s circuit breaker is working correctly. Have an electrician inspect it periodically to ensure it’s in working order.\\nThere are also whole system surge protectors that connect to the main circuit breaker panel, protecting more than just a couple of devices. into that has a little strip. You want to get your system (inaudible) the main circuit breaker panel.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Prepare for blackouts by having an emergency kit handy.\", \"描述\": \"Prepare an emergency kit with flashlights, batteries, potable water, and shelf-stable food. Stash your kit where you can access it easily, like a cabinet in the kitchen or bathroom.\\nWhen the power goes out, check your home’s circuit breaker for any tripped switches.\\nUnplug any computers, TVs, and other electronic devices before the power comes back online. This will prevent damage in the event of a power surge.\\nAvoid using candles due to the risk of fire. If you have to use a candle, keep it away from anything that could catch fire. Never leave it unattended.\\nAlways keep at least one smartphone plugged in to ensure you’ll have a working phone in the event of a blackout.\\nSolar panels absorb the energy from the sun, which turns into electricity that is stored in a battery bank. If you can install solar panels in your property, you might be able to use the electricity during a power outage.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,051 |
How to Use 4chan: Accessing Forums, Finding Info, & Staying Safe
|
1. Accessing Boards
1-1. Visit the homepage to view the list of boards.
Navigate to the 4chan homepage. You’ll find a brief description of the site and a full list of the boards. Since 4chan doesn’t have a system of usernames and passwords, you don’t have to sign up for anything before browsing.
1-2. Read the rules and FAQ.
You’ll find links to the rules and FAQ pages just below the site description on the home page. If you plan on posting anything, it’s worth your time to familiarize yourself with them in order to prevent getting banned.
For example, according to the rules, you must be 18 years or older to access the site. You can’t post or discuss anything illegal, advertise, or complain about 4chan policies. If you post on a board that deals with specific content, like technology, your post has to relate to that board’s topic.
1-3. Click on a board and agree to the disclaimer.
The first time you click on a board, you’ll be required to agree to a disclaimer before you can browse. The most popular board is Random, or /b/, which is notorious for spawning many mainstream internet memes. Note you’ll almost certainly encounter pornography, gore, and otherwise offensive content on the Random board. If you’re not interested in that kind of imagery, there are plenty of other topics to browse.
Technology, Video Games, and the Paranormal are filled with interesting conversations on their respective topics.
LGBT covers issues like coming out, transitioning genders, and marriage rights with an unexpected degree of seriousness.
The Auto, Fitness, and Do It Yourself boards can offer constructive content focused on these respective topics.
1-4. Browse through a board’s pages.
Read through the first page’s threads, then use the page numbers at the bottom to navigate to other pages. Stick to “lurking,” or browsing without posting, when you’re just starting out. Lurking on a board’s threads for two or three weeks will help you get a feel for its culture and vocabulary.
1-5. Navigate boards using the alphabetical links at the top of the page.
Once you're on a board, you'll see a list of letters and abbreviations at the top of the page. These are links to 4chan's other boards. You can use these links to go to another board without having to return to the homepage.
If you hover your cursor over a letter or abbreviation without clicking it, a tooltip will appear letting you know which board it links.
For example, /g/ links to the Technology board, /o/ links to Auto, and /diy/ links to Do It Yourself.
2. Exploring Boards in Depth
2-1. Use catalog or archive views.
The standard view shows a board's original posts, or OPs, and their top five replies. You can also click on the catalog link just above the board's first post for a single-page gallery view of all OPs without replies. Clicking the archive link next to the catalog link will let you see a list of expired posts from the last three days.
2-2. Search a thread for an original post.
You can enter a keyword into the search bar on the standard view to filter posts. Your search results will appear in the catalog view, along with options to sort the posts by date or popularity. In the catalog view, the search bar is located at the far right of the screen. Type your search term in there to start a new search, or delete your search terms to see the full catalog of posts.
2-3. Use the image search feature to find an image’s source.
If you’d like to find out where an image came from, you can press the grey triangle just after the thread title. When you click on it, it’ll give you the option to image search through Google Images or IQDB.
If you are interested in an image, consider saving or screenshotting it. Posts on 4chan disappear after a few days.
2-4. Look up unfamiliar slang.
There are a number of slang words, phrases, and abbreviations common across all of 4chan. In addition, many boards have their own unique jargon and slang. When you come across an unfamiliar word, meme, or thread, search for it on Google or Urban Dictionary.
3. Browsing Safely
3-1. Steer clear of upsetting or extremist content.
Some boards, like Random and Politically Incorrect, are filled with racial slurs, Nazi imagery, and other content that would be horrifying to the average person. Other board titles note that they deal with pornography and other adult topics.
4Chan has become notorious for racism, white supremacy, and political extremism. It has been described as a place that can "incubate" far-right terrorists.
You can use the filter drop-down menu at the top of the list of boards and select “Show Work-Safe Boards Only.” You can also use this menu to select “Show Not Safe for Work Boards Only.”
3-2. Avoid giving out personal information.
Never give out any personal or contact information on 4chan or any other online forum. 4chan encourages anonymity, doesn’t allow contact requests, and won’t provide you or another user with anyone’s contact information.
Note that 4chan can keep track of your IP address and, if necessary, use it to ban you or give the information to authorities.
3-3. Don’t click on unfamiliar links.
You could download a virus or malware by clicking on a strange link. Avoid clicking on any external links that you might see on 4chan. You can click on the images themselves for a larger view or save without much worry since, according to the rules, the images can’t include any additional sound, document, or other data.
3-4. Don’t follow unsafe advice.
Sometimes posts on 4chan might encourage viewers to do obviously unsafe things. For example, a 2014 post suggested that readers should microwave their cell phones to activate a hidden feature. Use your best judgment when you see a thread offering advice and when in doubt, don’t try it at home.
Tips
Lurk a period before you start posting to get familiar with the culture.
Install the Greasemonkey plugin and download the 4chan X script to add various features to the site, like automatic thread updating, show images on hover, and more.
If you want a safer alternative, try Reddit. Unlike 4chan, you only need to be 13 rather than 18 and the average content is less offensive.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Accessing Boards\\n1-1. Visit the homepage to view the list of boards.\\nNavigate to the 4chan homepage. You’ll find a brief description of the site and a full list of the boards. Since 4chan doesn’t have a system of usernames and passwords, you don’t have to sign up for anything before browsing.\\n1-2. Read the rules and FAQ.\\nYou’ll find links to the rules and FAQ pages just below the site description on the home page. If you plan on posting anything, it’s worth your time to familiarize yourself with them in order to prevent getting banned.\\nFor example, according to the rules, you must be 18 years or older to access the site. You can’t post or discuss anything illegal, advertise, or complain about 4chan policies. If you post on a board that deals with specific content, like technology, your post has to relate to that board’s topic.\\n1-3. Click on a board and agree to the disclaimer.\\nThe first time you click on a board, you’ll be required to agree to a disclaimer before you can browse. The most popular board is Random, or /b/, which is notorious for spawning many mainstream internet memes. Note you’ll almost certainly encounter pornography, gore, and otherwise offensive content on the Random board. If you’re not interested in that kind of imagery, there are plenty of other topics to browse.\\nTechnology, Video Games, and the Paranormal are filled with interesting conversations on their respective topics.\\nLGBT covers issues like coming out, transitioning genders, and marriage rights with an unexpected degree of seriousness.\\nThe Auto, Fitness, and Do It Yourself boards can offer constructive content focused on these respective topics.\\n1-4. Browse through a board’s pages.\\nRead through the first page’s threads, then use the page numbers at the bottom to navigate to other pages. Stick to “lurking,” or browsing without posting, when you’re just starting out. Lurking on a board’s threads for two or three weeks will help you get a feel for its culture and vocabulary.\\n1-5. Navigate boards using the alphabetical links at the top of the page.\\nOnce you're on a board, you'll see a list of letters and abbreviations at the top of the page. These are links to 4chan's other boards. You can use these links to go to another board without having to return to the homepage.\\nIf you hover your cursor over a letter or abbreviation without clicking it, a tooltip will appear letting you know which board it links.\\nFor example, /g/ links to the Technology board, /o/ links to Auto, and /diy/ links to Do It Yourself.\\n2. Exploring Boards in Depth\\n2-1. Use catalog or archive views.\\nThe standard view shows a board's original posts, or OPs, and their top five replies. You can also click on the catalog link just above the board's first post for a single-page gallery view of all OPs without replies. Clicking the archive link next to the catalog link will let you see a list of expired posts from the last three days.\\n2-2. Search a thread for an original post.\\nYou can enter a keyword into the search bar on the standard view to filter posts. Your search results will appear in the catalog view, along with options to sort the posts by date or popularity. In the catalog view, the search bar is located at the far right of the screen. Type your search term in there to start a new search, or delete your search terms to see the full catalog of posts.\\n2-3. Use the image search feature to find an image’s source.\\nIf you’d like to find out where an image came from, you can press the grey triangle just after the thread title. When you click on it, it’ll give you the option to image search through Google Images or IQDB.\\nIf you are interested in an image, consider saving or screenshotting it. Posts on 4chan disappear after a few days.\\n2-4. Look up unfamiliar slang.\\nThere are a number of slang words, phrases, and abbreviations common across all of 4chan. In addition, many boards have their own unique jargon and slang. When you come across an unfamiliar word, meme, or thread, search for it on Google or Urban Dictionary.\\n3. Browsing Safely\\n3-1. Steer clear of upsetting or extremist content.\\nSome boards, like Random and Politically Incorrect, are filled with racial slurs, Nazi imagery, and other content that would be horrifying to the average person. Other board titles note that they deal with pornography and other adult topics.\\n4Chan has become notorious for racism, white supremacy, and political extremism. It has been described as a place that can \\\"incubate\\\" far-right terrorists.\\nYou can use the filter drop-down menu at the top of the list of boards and select “Show Work-Safe Boards Only.” You can also use this menu to select “Show Not Safe for Work Boards Only.”\\n3-2. Avoid giving out personal information.\\nNever give out any personal or contact information on 4chan or any other online forum. 4chan encourages anonymity, doesn’t allow contact requests, and won’t provide you or another user with anyone’s contact information.\\nNote that 4chan can keep track of your IP address and, if necessary, use it to ban you or give the information to authorities.\\n3-3. Don’t click on unfamiliar links.\\nYou could download a virus or malware by clicking on a strange link. Avoid clicking on any external links that you might see on 4chan. You can click on the images themselves for a larger view or save without much worry since, according to the rules, the images can’t include any additional sound, document, or other data.\\n3-4. Don’t follow unsafe advice.\\nSometimes posts on 4chan might encourage viewers to do obviously unsafe things. For example, a 2014 post suggested that readers should microwave their cell phones to activate a hidden feature. Use your best judgment when you see a thread offering advice and when in doubt, don’t try it at home.\\nTips\\nLurk a period before you start posting to get familiar with the culture.\\nInstall the Greasemonkey plugin and download the 4chan X script to add various features to the site, like automatic thread updating, show images on hover, and more.\\nIf you want a safer alternative, try Reddit. Unlike 4chan, you only need to be 13 rather than 18 and the average content is less offensive.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Browsing 4chan for the first time can be overwhelming. Some boards, like the Random board, are filled with images and language that would offend or disgust most people. Other boards, like Auto or Technology, contain constructive discussions about useful topics. Visit the 4chan homepage to see its list of boards, and click on a title you find interesting. Browse its threads, or “lurk,” to get a feel for its slang and culture. Avoid clicking on strange links, don’t follow any advice that seems unsafe, and never post any personal information on 4chan or any other online forum. This wikiHow article shows you how to browse 4chan and stay safe.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Accessing Boards\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Visit the homepage to view the list of boards.\", \"描述\": \"Navigate to the 4chan homepage. You’ll find a brief description of the site and a full list of the boards. Since 4chan doesn’t have a system of usernames and passwords, you don’t have to sign up for anything before browsing.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Read the rules and FAQ.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll find links to the rules and FAQ pages just below the site description on the home page. If you plan on posting anything, it’s worth your time to familiarize yourself with them in order to prevent getting banned.\\nFor example, according to the rules, you must be 18 years or older to access the site. You can’t post or discuss anything illegal, advertise, or complain about 4chan policies. If you post on a board that deals with specific content, like technology, your post has to relate to that board’s topic.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Click on a board and agree to the disclaimer.\", \"描述\": \"The first time you click on a board, you’ll be required to agree to a disclaimer before you can browse. The most popular board is Random, or /b/, which is notorious for spawning many mainstream internet memes. Note you’ll almost certainly encounter pornography, gore, and otherwise offensive content on the Random board. If you’re not interested in that kind of imagery, there are plenty of other topics to browse.\\nTechnology, Video Games, and the Paranormal are filled with interesting conversations on their respective topics.\\nLGBT covers issues like coming out, transitioning genders, and marriage rights with an unexpected degree of seriousness.\\nThe Auto, Fitness, and Do It Yourself boards can offer constructive content focused on these respective topics.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Browse through a board’s pages.\", \"描述\": \"Read through the first page’s threads, then use the page numbers at the bottom to navigate to other pages. Stick to “lurking,” or browsing without posting, when you’re just starting out. Lurking on a board’s threads for two or three weeks will help you get a feel for its culture and vocabulary.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Navigate boards using the alphabetical links at the top of the page.\", \"描述\": \"Once you're on a board, you'll see a list of letters and abbreviations at the top of the page. These are links to 4chan's other boards. You can use these links to go to another board without having to return to the homepage.\\nIf you hover your cursor over a letter or abbreviation without clicking it, a tooltip will appear letting you know which board it links.\\nFor example, /g/ links to the Technology board, /o/ links to Auto, and /diy/ links to Do It Yourself.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Exploring Boards in Depth\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use catalog or archive views.\", \"描述\": \"The standard view shows a board's original posts, or OPs, and their top five replies. You can also click on the catalog link just above the board's first post for a single-page gallery view of all OPs without replies. Clicking the archive link next to the catalog link will let you see a list of expired posts from the last three days.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Search a thread for an original post.\", \"描述\": \"You can enter a keyword into the search bar on the standard view to filter posts. Your search results will appear in the catalog view, along with options to sort the posts by date or popularity. In the catalog view, the search bar is located at the far right of the screen. Type your search term in there to start a new search, or delete your search terms to see the full catalog of posts.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use the image search feature to find an image’s source.\", \"描述\": \"If you’d like to find out where an image came from, you can press the grey triangle just after the thread title. When you click on it, it’ll give you the option to image search through Google Images or IQDB.\\nIf you are interested in an image, consider saving or screenshotting it. Posts on 4chan disappear after a few days.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look up unfamiliar slang.\", \"描述\": \"There are a number of slang words, phrases, and abbreviations common across all of 4chan. In addition, many boards have their own unique jargon and slang. When you come across an unfamiliar word, meme, or thread, search for it on Google or Urban Dictionary.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Browsing Safely\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steer clear of upsetting or extremist content.\", \"描述\": \"Some boards, like Random and Politically Incorrect, are filled with racial slurs, Nazi imagery, and other content that would be horrifying to the average person. Other board titles note that they deal with pornography and other adult topics.\\n4Chan has become notorious for racism, white supremacy, and political extremism. It has been described as a place that can \\\"incubate\\\" far-right terrorists.\\nYou can use the filter drop-down menu at the top of the list of boards and select “Show Work-Safe Boards Only.” You can also use this menu to select “Show Not Safe for Work Boards Only.”\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid giving out personal information.\", \"描述\": \"Never give out any personal or contact information on 4chan or any other online forum. 4chan encourages anonymity, doesn’t allow contact requests, and won’t provide you or another user with anyone’s contact information.\\nNote that 4chan can keep track of your IP address and, if necessary, use it to ban you or give the information to authorities.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Don’t click on unfamiliar links.\", \"描述\": \"You could download a virus or malware by clicking on a strange link. Avoid clicking on any external links that you might see on 4chan. You can click on the images themselves for a larger view or save without much worry since, according to the rules, the images can’t include any additional sound, document, or other data.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Don’t follow unsafe advice.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes posts on 4chan might encourage viewers to do obviously unsafe things. For example, a 2014 post suggested that readers should microwave their cell phones to activate a hidden feature. Use your best judgment when you see a thread offering advice and when in doubt, don’t try it at home.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Lurk a period before you start posting to get familiar with the culture.\\n\", \"Install the Greasemonkey plugin and download the 4chan X script to add various features to the site, like automatic thread updating, show images on hover, and more.\\n\", \"If you want a safer alternative, try Reddit. Unlike 4chan, you only need to be 13 rather than 18 and the average content is less offensive.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,052 |
How to Browse Files on Android
|
1. On Android
1-1. Open your device's Apps Tray.
It's usually a button with a grid of dots ⋮⋮⋮ at the bottom center of your screen.
1-2. Tap File Manager.
Most of your files will be organized into folders.
Most versions of Android have a stock File Manager app. If yours doesn't, go to the Google Play Store, search for File Manager and download one of the available free apps.
1-3. Tap a folder to browse the files inside it.
1-4. Tap the magnifying glass icon to search for a file.
2. On Desktop
2-1. Connect your Android device to a computer.
Connect the mini-USB end of the cable to your device's charging port and the other end to a USB port on your computer.
Mac users will need to download and install the free Android File Transfer tool from https://www.android.com/intl/en_us/filetransfer.
2-2. Open the Notification Bar on your device.
Swipe down from the top of the screen to do so.
2-3. Tap the USB for [purpose] notification.
2-4. Tap Transfer files.
2-5. Open the device on your computer.
To do so:
On WIndows, press ⊞ Win+E to open the Explorer window, then click on your Android device.
On Mac, open the Android File Transfer tool.
2-6. Double-click folders to browse the files inside them.
2-7. Click SD card to browse folders and files on a memory card.
Warnings
Use caution when moving files around. While you shouldn't be able to interfere with app functions without root access, you can still cause problems if you move some files that they expect to find. Usually, any problems you create can be fixed by reinstalling the app that isn't working.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. On Android\\n1-1. Open your device's Apps Tray.\\nIt's usually a button with a grid of dots ⋮⋮⋮ at the bottom center of your screen.\\n1-2. Tap File Manager.\\nMost of your files will be organized into folders.\\nMost versions of Android have a stock File Manager app. If yours doesn't, go to the Google Play Store, search for File Manager and download one of the available free apps.\\n1-3. Tap a folder to browse the files inside it.\\n\\n1-4. Tap the magnifying glass icon to search for a file.\\n\\n2. On Desktop\\n2-1. Connect your Android device to a computer.\\nConnect the mini-USB end of the cable to your device's charging port and the other end to a USB port on your computer.\\nMac users will need to download and install the free Android File Transfer tool from https://www.android.com/intl/en_us/filetransfer.\\n2-2. Open the Notification Bar on your device.\\nSwipe down from the top of the screen to do so.\\n2-3. Tap the USB for [purpose] notification.\\n\\n2-4. Tap Transfer files.\\n\\n2-5. Open the device on your computer.\\nTo do so:\\nOn WIndows, press ⊞ Win+E to open the Explorer window, then click on your Android device.\\nOn Mac, open the Android File Transfer tool.\\n2-6. Double-click folders to browse the files inside them.\\n\\n2-7. Click SD card to browse folders and files on a memory card.\\n\\nWarnings\\nUse caution when moving files around. While you shouldn't be able to interfere with app functions without root access, you can still cause problems if you move some files that they expect to find. Usually, any problems you create can be fixed by reinstalling the app that isn't working.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"This wikiHow teaches you how to browse files and folders on your Android device using the file manager or your desktop computer.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"On Android\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open your device's Apps Tray.\", \"描述\": \"It's usually a button with a grid of dots ⋮⋮⋮ at the bottom center of your screen.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tap File Manager.\", \"描述\": \"Most of your files will be organized into folders.\\nMost versions of Android have a stock File Manager app. If yours doesn't, go to the Google Play Store, search for File Manager and download one of the available free apps.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tap a folder to browse the files inside it.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tap the magnifying glass icon to search for a file.\", \"描述\": \"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"On Desktop\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Connect your Android device to a computer.\", \"描述\": \"Connect the mini-USB end of the cable to your device's charging port and the other end to a USB port on your computer.\\nMac users will need to download and install the free Android File Transfer tool from https://www.android.com/intl/en_us/filetransfer.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Open the Notification Bar on your device.\", \"描述\": \"Swipe down from the top of the screen to do so.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tap the USB for [purpose] notification.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tap Transfer files.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Open the device on your computer.\", \"描述\": \"To do so:\\nOn WIndows, press ⊞ Win+E to open the Explorer window, then click on your Android device.\\nOn Mac, open the Android File Transfer tool.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Double-click folders to browse the files inside them.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Click SD card to browse folders and files on a memory card.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Use caution when moving files around. While you shouldn't be able to interfere with app functions without root access, you can still cause problems if you move some files that they expect to find. Usually, any problems you create can be fixed by reinstalling the app that isn't working.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,053 |
How to Browse Incognito Using Bing
|
1. Steps
1-1. Open the Bing homepage.
1-2. Open the taskbar at the top right where the ... icon is.
This will open up a list of options. {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/7\/7c\/Bing-TaskBar.png","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/7\/7c\/Bing-TaskBar.png\/245px-Bing-TaskBar.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":135,"bigWidth":245,"bigHeight":72,"licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_use\">Fair Use<\/a> (screenshot)<br>\n<\/p><\/div>"}
1-3. Select New InPrivate Window from the list of options.
This will open an incognito window.
1-4. Search anything you want once you're in incognito mode.
Remember that everything gets erased once you exit out of the tab and won't stay in your history.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Open the Bing homepage.\\n\\n1-2. Open the taskbar at the top right where the ... icon is.\\nThis will open up a list of options. {\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/7\\\\/7c\\\\/Bing-TaskBar.png\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/7\\\\/7c\\\\/Bing-TaskBar.png\\\\/245px-Bing-TaskBar.png\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":135,\\\"bigWidth\\\":245,\\\"bigHeight\\\":72,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\\/wiki\\\\/Fair_use\\\\\\\">Fair Use<\\\\/a> (screenshot)<br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n1-3. Select New InPrivate Window from the list of options.\\nThis will open an incognito window.\\n1-4. Search anything you want once you're in incognito mode.\\nRemember that everything gets erased once you exit out of the tab and won't stay in your history.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Incognito tabs (also known as private browsing) can be used for a variety of things, such as clearing cookies, creating new accounts for sites, and so on. If your default search engine is Bing and you want to know how to use incognito browsing, this article will be your guide.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open the Bing homepage.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Open the taskbar at the top right where the ... icon is.\", \"描述\": \"This will open up a list of options. {\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/7\\\\/7c\\\\/Bing-TaskBar.png\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/7\\\\/7c\\\\/Bing-TaskBar.png\\\\/245px-Bing-TaskBar.png\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":135,\\\"bigWidth\\\":245,\\\"bigHeight\\\":72,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/en.wikipedia.org\\\\/wiki\\\\/Fair_use\\\\\\\">Fair Use<\\\\/a> (screenshot)<br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Select New InPrivate Window from the list of options.\", \"描述\": \"This will open an incognito window.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Search anything you want once you're in incognito mode.\", \"描述\": \"Remember that everything gets erased once you exit out of the tab and won't stay in your history.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,054 |
How to Browse Incognito in Internet Explorer
|
1. Internet Explorer (Desktop)
1-1. Open Internet Explorer.
In order to use InPrivate Browsing (Incognito), you'll need Internet Explorer 8 or later.
If you're using Windows 7 or later, you're automatically using a new enough version.
To see your current version, click the Gear button or the Help menu and select "About Internet Explorer". Click here for instructions on updating.
1-2. Click the Gear button or the Tools menu and select "InPrivate Browsing".
If you don't see either, press Alt and click the Tools menu that appears. This will open a new InPrivate window.
You can also press Ctrl + Shift + P.
1-3. Browse privately in the new window.
Your InPrivate window will not log your browsing history or website data. Any new tabs created in this window will br private as well. This will not protect you from employers or anyone else who may be monitoring your web activity over the network.
Any browsing done in the old regular window will still be logged as normal.
1-4. Set Internet Explorer to always open in InPrivate Browsing mode.
If you use InPrivate Browsing a lot, you may find it more convenient to always have your browser start that way.
Right-click on your Internet Explorer shortcut and select "Properties".
Find the "Target" field in the Shortcut tab.
Add -private to the every end of the Target. Make sure to include a space between the end of the target and the -.
Click Apply to save your changes. Internet Explorer will start in InPrivate Browsing mode whenever you use that shortcut.
2. Internet Explorer (Metro)
2-1. Open Internet Explorer.
This method is for the Metro version of Internet Explorer 11 that comes with Windows 8.
2-2. Tap the "Tabs" button.
This can be found at the bottom of the screen, to the right of the address bar. This will open the Tabs frame.
2-3. Tap the "..." button at the top of the Tabs frame and select "New InPrivate Tab".
This will open a new private tab in the browser.
2-4. Use the Tabs frame to switch between your InPrivate and regular tabs.
Your InPrivate tabs will be marked in the Tabs frame so that you can easily identify them.
InPrivate Browsing will not prevent your employer or network administrator from seeing the sites that you've visited.
Warnings
InPrivate Browsing does not make your online activity anonymous or hidden. Your ISP, employer, and/or network administrator will all have logs of your activity.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:53",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Internet Explorer (Desktop)\\n1-1. Open Internet Explorer.\\nIn order to use InPrivate Browsing (Incognito), you'll need Internet Explorer 8 or later.\\nIf you're using Windows 7 or later, you're automatically using a new enough version.\\nTo see your current version, click the Gear button or the Help menu and select \\\"About Internet Explorer\\\". Click here for instructions on updating.\\n1-2. Click the Gear button or the Tools menu and select \\\"InPrivate Browsing\\\".\\nIf you don't see either, press Alt and click the Tools menu that appears. This will open a new InPrivate window.\\nYou can also press Ctrl + Shift + P.\\n1-3. Browse privately in the new window.\\nYour InPrivate window will not log your browsing history or website data. Any new tabs created in this window will br private as well. This will not protect you from employers or anyone else who may be monitoring your web activity over the network.\\nAny browsing done in the old regular window will still be logged as normal.\\n1-4. Set Internet Explorer to always open in InPrivate Browsing mode.\\nIf you use InPrivate Browsing a lot, you may find it more convenient to always have your browser start that way.\\nRight-click on your Internet Explorer shortcut and select \\\"Properties\\\".\\nFind the \\\"Target\\\" field in the Shortcut tab.\\nAdd -private to the every end of the Target. Make sure to include a space between the end of the target and the -.\\nClick Apply to save your changes. Internet Explorer will start in InPrivate Browsing mode whenever you use that shortcut.\\n2. Internet Explorer (Metro)\\n2-1. Open Internet Explorer.\\nThis method is for the Metro version of Internet Explorer 11 that comes with Windows 8.\\n2-2. Tap the \\\"Tabs\\\" button.\\nThis can be found at the bottom of the screen, to the right of the address bar. This will open the Tabs frame.\\n2-3. Tap the \\\"...\\\" button at the top of the Tabs frame and select \\\"New InPrivate Tab\\\".\\nThis will open a new private tab in the browser.\\n2-4. Use the Tabs frame to switch between your InPrivate and regular tabs.\\nYour InPrivate tabs will be marked in the Tabs frame so that you can easily identify them.\\nInPrivate Browsing will not prevent your employer or network administrator from seeing the sites that you've visited.\\nWarnings\\nInPrivate Browsing does not make your online activity anonymous or hidden. Your ISP, employer, and/or network administrator will all have logs of your activity.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Most modern browsers have a private browsing mode, inspired by Google Chrome's \\\"Incognito\\\" mode. In Internet Explorer, the private browsing mode is referred to as \\\"InPrivate Browsing\\\". Any browsing done in this mode will not be logged on your computer. You can use InPrivate Browsing in both the desktop and Metro versions of Internet Explorer.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Internet Explorer (Desktop)\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open Internet Explorer.\", \"描述\": \"In order to use InPrivate Browsing (Incognito), you'll need Internet Explorer 8 or later.\\nIf you're using Windows 7 or later, you're automatically using a new enough version.\\nTo see your current version, click the Gear button or the Help menu and select \\\"About Internet Explorer\\\". Click here for instructions on updating.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Click the Gear button or the Tools menu and select \\\"InPrivate Browsing\\\".\", \"描述\": \"If you don't see either, press Alt and click the Tools menu that appears. This will open a new InPrivate window.\\nYou can also press Ctrl + Shift + P.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Browse privately in the new window.\", \"描述\": \"Your InPrivate window will not log your browsing history or website data. Any new tabs created in this window will br private as well. This will not protect you from employers or anyone else who may be monitoring your web activity over the network.\\nAny browsing done in the old regular window will still be logged as normal.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Set Internet Explorer to always open in InPrivate Browsing mode.\", \"描述\": \"If you use InPrivate Browsing a lot, you may find it more convenient to always have your browser start that way.\\nRight-click on your Internet Explorer shortcut and select \\\"Properties\\\".\\nFind the \\\"Target\\\" field in the Shortcut tab.\\nAdd -private to the every end of the Target. Make sure to include a space between the end of the target and the -.\\nClick Apply to save your changes. Internet Explorer will start in InPrivate Browsing mode whenever you use that shortcut.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Internet Explorer (Metro)\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open Internet Explorer.\", \"描述\": \"This method is for the Metro version of Internet Explorer 11 that comes with Windows 8.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Tap the \\\"Tabs\\\" button.\", \"描述\": \"This can be found at the bottom of the screen, to the right of the address bar. This will open the Tabs frame.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Tap the \\\"...\\\" button at the top of the Tabs frame and select \\\"New InPrivate Tab\\\".\", \"描述\": \"This will open a new private tab in the browser.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use the Tabs frame to switch between your InPrivate and regular tabs.\", \"描述\": \"Your InPrivate tabs will be marked in the Tabs frame so that you can easily identify them.\\nInPrivate Browsing will not prevent your employer or network administrator from seeing the sites that you've visited.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"InPrivate Browsing does not make your online activity anonymous or hidden. Your ISP, employer, and/or network administrator will all have logs of your activity.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,055 |
How to Browse Internet Websites Without Your Parents Knowing
|
1. Incognito Browser Method
1-1. Find a website your parents will allow you to use.
Visit that website and keep the page open.
1-2. Find the website you want to use and open it up in a new window or tab.
Make sure to watch and listen for parents or anybody else that may tell on you. If someone comes, quickly switch windows or tabs to the other website.
In Windows, you can quickly close the tab or window by pressing Ctrl+W.
In Linux, you can switch workspaces quickly using the mouse wheel. Open your System Settings and click on Windows Manager Tweaks. Then select Workspaces tab and check the Use the mouse wheel on the desktop to switch workspaces.
1-3. Clear your history.
When you're finished, delete all the history on your computer that leads to any websites your parents don't want you on.
In Firefox, there is actually an option you can select which will automatically clear your browsing history when you exit the browser. This article will guide you in setting that up.
1-4. Using incognito mode!
This is a special window in the browser which, when used, does not record any internet data, history, or cache. Most popular browser have such an option.
In Internet Explorer, you can press Ctrl+⇧ Shift+P to enter Private browsing. To exit incognito mode, simply close the window with incognito enabled.
In Firefox, you can press Ctrl+⇧ Shift+P. To exit this window in Firefox, press the same buttons.
In Google Chrome, you can press Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N to enter Incognito Mode. To exit incognito mode, simply close the window with incognito enabled.
2. Alternate Browser Method
2-1. Download another internet browser such as Firefox or Safari.
2-2. Do not make this browser your default browser.
When you install it make sure to not set as your default browser.
2-3. Clear all evidence of the installation.
If you are using Windows, delete the quick launch shortcut and move it to some safe location.
2-4. Use this browser to surf the internet privately.
Now, you can use the other browser for stuff you don't want your parents to know about. The favourites, history, cache, and cookies will be separate from your normal browser. Your parents will continue to use the other browser normally, and even if they check the history they won't find anything, but make sure they don't notice the other browser.
3. Portable Firefox Method
3-1. Select a device to host your portable applications.
Any cell phone, MP3 player, camera, USB flash drive, or portable hard drive which comes up as a removable device in Windows will work.
3-2. Download the Portable Firefox.
You can search it on Google.
3-3. Install their launcher menu and then portable Firefox on your device.
3-4. Restart your device.
You can do this by unplugging your device and plunging it back in, or you can turn it off, then turn it back on.
3-5. Unblock Windows Firewall.
Windows will ask you what you want to do; let it start PortableAppz.blogspot.com; this will open the menu. Red, looks like the Start menu, comes up on the right.
3-6. Click the Firefox icon/name on the menu.
Portable Firefox will keep all of your bookmarks, history, and settings on your device; it won't leave anything behind on the host computer.
You can take it to a friend's house, hook it up, and all of your stuff is there.
4GB and 8GB flash drives can be bought for very cheap now online and in some stores. Corsair drives tend to have the fastest speeds.
3-7. Be sure to exit the menu (grey circle with white arrow) when you're done using it.
Tips
It's best to be alone when searching something you don't want your parents seeing.
Use your instinct - it's better to be safe than sorry when it comes to things like this.
On Internet Explorer, delete your history by clicking tools, then click "delete browsing history" and click delete all. On Firefox, click tools, then click "clear private data" and click "clear private data" now.
Warnings
If your parents find out, you may lose computer privileges or have parental controls turned on and block the sites they don't want you on.
Your parents do everything for your own good. It is better to obey them and not to disobey. They are much more experienced and probably won't allow anything which could harm their children.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Incognito Browser Method\\n1-1. Find a website your parents will allow you to use.\\nVisit that website and keep the page open.\\n1-2. Find the website you want to use and open it up in a new window or tab.\\nMake sure to watch and listen for parents or anybody else that may tell on you. If someone comes, quickly switch windows or tabs to the other website.\\nIn Windows, you can quickly close the tab or window by pressing Ctrl+W.\\nIn Linux, you can switch workspaces quickly using the mouse wheel. Open your System Settings and click on Windows Manager Tweaks. Then select Workspaces tab and check the Use the mouse wheel on the desktop to switch workspaces.\\n1-3. Clear your history.\\nWhen you're finished, delete all the history on your computer that leads to any websites your parents don't want you on.\\nIn Firefox, there is actually an option you can select which will automatically clear your browsing history when you exit the browser. This article will guide you in setting that up.\\n1-4. Using incognito mode!\\nThis is a special window in the browser which, when used, does not record any internet data, history, or cache. Most popular browser have such an option.\\nIn Internet Explorer, you can press Ctrl+⇧ Shift+P to enter Private browsing. To exit incognito mode, simply close the window with incognito enabled.\\nIn Firefox, you can press Ctrl+⇧ Shift+P. To exit this window in Firefox, press the same buttons.\\nIn Google Chrome, you can press Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N to enter Incognito Mode. To exit incognito mode, simply close the window with incognito enabled.\\n2. Alternate Browser Method\\n2-1. Download another internet browser such as Firefox or Safari.\\n\\n2-2. Do not make this browser your default browser.\\nWhen you install it make sure to not set as your default browser.\\n2-3. Clear all evidence of the installation.\\nIf you are using Windows, delete the quick launch shortcut and move it to some safe location.\\n2-4. Use this browser to surf the internet privately.\\nNow, you can use the other browser for stuff you don't want your parents to know about. The favourites, history, cache, and cookies will be separate from your normal browser. Your parents will continue to use the other browser normally, and even if they check the history they won't find anything, but make sure they don't notice the other browser.\\n3. Portable Firefox Method\\n3-1. Select a device to host your portable applications.\\nAny cell phone, MP3 player, camera, USB flash drive, or portable hard drive which comes up as a removable device in Windows will work.\\n3-2. Download the Portable Firefox.\\nYou can search it on Google.\\n3-3. Install their launcher menu and then portable Firefox on your device.\\n\\n3-4. Restart your device.\\nYou can do this by unplugging your device and plunging it back in, or you can turn it off, then turn it back on.\\n3-5. Unblock Windows Firewall.\\nWindows will ask you what you want to do; let it start PortableAppz.blogspot.com; this will open the menu. Red, looks like the Start menu, comes up on the right.\\n3-6. Click the Firefox icon/name on the menu.\\nPortable Firefox will keep all of your bookmarks, history, and settings on your device; it won't leave anything behind on the host computer.\\nYou can take it to a friend's house, hook it up, and all of your stuff is there.\\n4GB and 8GB flash drives can be bought for very cheap now online and in some stores. Corsair drives tend to have the fastest speeds.\\n3-7. Be sure to exit the menu (grey circle with white arrow) when you're done using it.\\n\\nTips\\nIt's best to be alone when searching something you don't want your parents seeing.\\nUse your instinct - it's better to be safe than sorry when it comes to things like this.\\nOn Internet Explorer, delete your history by clicking tools, then click \\\"delete browsing history\\\" and click delete all. On Firefox, click tools, then click \\\"clear private data\\\" and click \\\"clear private data\\\" now.\\nWarnings\\nIf your parents find out, you may lose computer privileges or have parental controls turned on and block the sites they don't want you on.\\nYour parents do everything for your own good. It is better to obey them and not to disobey. They are much more experienced and probably won't allow anything which could harm their children.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Do you want to look at a website but don't want your parents to know? This article will help you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Incognito Browser Method\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find a website your parents will allow you to use.\", \"描述\": \"Visit that website and keep the page open.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find the website you want to use and open it up in a new window or tab.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure to watch and listen for parents or anybody else that may tell on you. If someone comes, quickly switch windows or tabs to the other website.\\nIn Windows, you can quickly close the tab or window by pressing Ctrl+W.\\nIn Linux, you can switch workspaces quickly using the mouse wheel. Open your System Settings and click on Windows Manager Tweaks. Then select Workspaces tab and check the Use the mouse wheel on the desktop to switch workspaces.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Clear your history.\", \"描述\": \"When you're finished, delete all the history on your computer that leads to any websites your parents don't want you on.\\nIn Firefox, there is actually an option you can select which will automatically clear your browsing history when you exit the browser. This article will guide you in setting that up.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Using incognito mode!\", \"描述\": \"This is a special window in the browser which, when used, does not record any internet data, history, or cache. Most popular browser have such an option.\\nIn Internet Explorer, you can press Ctrl+⇧ Shift+P to enter Private browsing. To exit incognito mode, simply close the window with incognito enabled.\\nIn Firefox, you can press Ctrl+⇧ Shift+P. To exit this window in Firefox, press the same buttons.\\nIn Google Chrome, you can press Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N to enter Incognito Mode. To exit incognito mode, simply close the window with incognito enabled.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Alternate Browser Method\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Download another internet browser such as Firefox or Safari.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do not make this browser your default browser.\", \"描述\": \"When you install it make sure to not set as your default browser.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Clear all evidence of the installation.\", \"描述\": \"If you are using Windows, delete the quick launch shortcut and move it to some safe location.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use this browser to surf the internet privately.\", \"描述\": \"Now, you can use the other browser for stuff you don't want your parents to know about. The favourites, history, cache, and cookies will be separate from your normal browser. Your parents will continue to use the other browser normally, and even if they check the history they won't find anything, but make sure they don't notice the other browser.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Portable Firefox Method\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Select a device to host your portable applications.\", \"描述\": \"Any cell phone, MP3 player, camera, USB flash drive, or portable hard drive which comes up as a removable device in Windows will work.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Download the Portable Firefox.\", \"描述\": \"You can search it on Google.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Install their launcher menu and then portable Firefox on your device.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Restart your device.\", \"描述\": \"You can do this by unplugging your device and plunging it back in, or you can turn it off, then turn it back on.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Unblock Windows Firewall.\", \"描述\": \"Windows will ask you what you want to do; let it start PortableAppz.blogspot.com; this will open the menu. Red, looks like the Start menu, comes up on the right.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Click the Firefox icon/name on the menu.\", \"描述\": \"Portable Firefox will keep all of your bookmarks, history, and settings on your device; it won't leave anything behind on the host computer.\\nYou can take it to a friend's house, hook it up, and all of your stuff is there.\\n4GB and 8GB flash drives can be bought for very cheap now online and in some stores. Corsair drives tend to have the fastest speeds.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Be sure to exit the menu (grey circle with white arrow) when you're done using it.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"It's best to be alone when searching something you don't want your parents seeing.\\n\", \"Use your instinct - it's better to be safe than sorry when it comes to things like this.\\n\", \"On Internet Explorer, delete your history by clicking tools, then click \\\"delete browsing history\\\" and click delete all. On Firefox, click tools, then click \\\"clear private data\\\" and click \\\"clear private data\\\" now.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If your parents find out, you may lose computer privileges or have parental controls turned on and block the sites they don't want you on.\\n\", \"Your parents do everything for your own good. It is better to obey them and not to disobey. They are much more experienced and probably won't allow anything which could harm their children.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,056 |
8 Ways to Browse an Old Version of a Website
|
1. Using the Wayback Machine
1-1. Go to https://web.archive.org in a web browser.
You can use the Wayback Machine in any web browser to view old versions of websites.
Although not all websites are archived by the Wayback Machine, it's the most reliable way to see old versions of websites dating back to 1996!
1-2. Enter the URL of the web page you want to browse.
You can also enter keywords to search for a page as well.
1-3. Select a year in the timeline.
If an archived snapshot is available, a vertical black bar will appear in the timeline for each time a snapshot of the page was archived.
1-4. Scroll down and click on a date highlighted with a blue or green circle.
This will either take you directly to the older version of the website or open a pop-out menu with a list of times.
The blue and green circles represent the dates on which the snapshot was archived by the Internet Archive's Web crawler.
1-5. Click on a time in the pop-out menu.
If a pop-out menu appeared, it will list several times that day the website was archived. Select a time to see what the website looked at during that time on the date you specified.
2. Using Alternative Tools
2-1. Try https://archive.today.
There's a search bar at the top of the page you can use to find a specific website or enter keywords. Once you find an old version of a website, you can download the page as a ZIP file so you can share it!
Archive.today also has a Chrome extension that you could try.
2-2. Use https://OldWeb.today to browse old websites with vintage flair.
Not only does this website give you archived websites, but it also displays them in an old browser, giving you the immersion of web browsing in the early days of the internet. Use browser themes like Navigator, Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Mosaic.
To complete the experience of browsing in the old days, websites load slower. Using OldWeb.today would be a great way to show younger kids how others experienced the Internet.
2-3. Browse the Library of Congress web archive at https://www.loc.gov/web-archives.
This is an official archive that keeps an extensive record of books, newspapers, images, web pages, etc. A source like this would be best utilized by researchers or scholars.
2-4. View cached pages on Google.
Your search engine most likely contains previous versions of websites. Simply search Google for the URL you'd like to see, click , select , then choose a . You can input a specific time to search old versions of that website.
2-5. Use the Web Cache Viewer Chrome extension.
Get this Chrome extension from the Google Web Store. Simply go to the website you want to see an older version of, right-click on the page, and select .
This is an extension and not an actual service. Web Cache Viewer gets information and screenshots from the Wayback Machine and Google.
2-6. Try UK Web Archive at https://www.webarchive.org.uk/ukwa.
This tool works especially if you're looking for an older UK site. UKWA allows you to search by keyword, phrase, or URL.
2-7. Browse Memento Time Travel at https://timetravel.mementoweb.org.
This is yet another aggregating search tool, which uses all services like the Wayback Machine and Google to find what you're looking for.
Tips
Images and flash content may not be archived, but all text content should still be visible.
There is more than just websites at the Internet Archive. You can also watch nearly a million digitized movies and listen to live music concerts, sounds, spoken word recordings. You can also check out old books and magazines, and read about everything from the history of Arpanet and articles about ants to works of science fiction, Federal Court documents, and microfilm records.
Warnings
Some sites may be password-protected or blocked with a robots.txt file, so Wayback Machine is unable to access them. If you encounter this, you're most likely out of luck.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using the Wayback Machine\\n1-1. Go to https://web.archive.org in a web browser.\\nYou can use the Wayback Machine in any web browser to view old versions of websites.\\nAlthough not all websites are archived by the Wayback Machine, it's the most reliable way to see old versions of websites dating back to 1996!\\n1-2. Enter the URL of the web page you want to browse.\\nYou can also enter keywords to search for a page as well.\\n1-3. Select a year in the timeline.\\nIf an archived snapshot is available, a vertical black bar will appear in the timeline for each time a snapshot of the page was archived.\\n1-4. Scroll down and click on a date highlighted with a blue or green circle.\\nThis will either take you directly to the older version of the website or open a pop-out menu with a list of times.\\nThe blue and green circles represent the dates on which the snapshot was archived by the Internet Archive's Web crawler.\\n1-5. Click on a time in the pop-out menu.\\nIf a pop-out menu appeared, it will list several times that day the website was archived. Select a time to see what the website looked at during that time on the date you specified.\\n2. Using Alternative Tools\\n2-1. Try https://archive.today.\\nThere's a search bar at the top of the page you can use to find a specific website or enter keywords. Once you find an old version of a website, you can download the page as a ZIP file so you can share it!\\nArchive.today also has a Chrome extension that you could try.\\n2-2. Use https://OldWeb.today to browse old websites with vintage flair.\\nNot only does this website give you archived websites, but it also displays them in an old browser, giving you the immersion of web browsing in the early days of the internet. Use browser themes like Navigator, Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Mosaic.\\nTo complete the experience of browsing in the old days, websites load slower. Using OldWeb.today would be a great way to show younger kids how others experienced the Internet.\\n2-3. Browse the Library of Congress web archive at https://www.loc.gov/web-archives.\\nThis is an official archive that keeps an extensive record of books, newspapers, images, web pages, etc. A source like this would be best utilized by researchers or scholars.\\n2-4. View cached pages on Google.\\nYour search engine most likely contains previous versions of websites. Simply search Google for the URL you'd like to see, click , select , then choose a . You can input a specific time to search old versions of that website.\\n2-5. Use the Web Cache Viewer Chrome extension.\\nGet this Chrome extension from the Google Web Store. Simply go to the website you want to see an older version of, right-click on the page, and select .\\nThis is an extension and not an actual service. Web Cache Viewer gets information and screenshots from the Wayback Machine and Google.\\n2-6. Try UK Web Archive at https://www.webarchive.org.uk/ukwa.\\nThis tool works especially if you're looking for an older UK site. UKWA allows you to search by keyword, phrase, or URL.\\n2-7. Browse Memento Time Travel at https://timetravel.mementoweb.org.\\nThis is yet another aggregating search tool, which uses all services like the Wayback Machine and Google to find what you're looking for.\\nTips\\nImages and flash content may not be archived, but all text content should still be visible.\\nThere is more than just websites at the Internet Archive. You can also watch nearly a million digitized movies and listen to live music concerts, sounds, spoken word recordings. You can also check out old books and magazines, and read about everything from the history of Arpanet and articles about ants to works of science fiction, Federal Court documents, and microfilm records.\\nWarnings\\nSome sites may be password-protected or blocked with a robots.txt file, so Wayback Machine is unable to access them. If you encounter this, you're most likely out of luck.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"What did your Facebook page look like in 2009? Fortunately, you can use the Wayback Machine, as well as some alternatives, to see a web page's old version. This wikiHow article teaches you how to use the Internet Archive's \\\"Wayback Machine\\\" tool to view archived snapshots of Web pages.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using the Wayback Machine\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go to https://web.archive.org in a web browser.\", \"描述\": \"You can use the Wayback Machine in any web browser to view old versions of websites.\\nAlthough not all websites are archived by the Wayback Machine, it's the most reliable way to see old versions of websites dating back to 1996!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Enter the URL of the web page you want to browse.\", \"描述\": \"You can also enter keywords to search for a page as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Select a year in the timeline.\", \"描述\": \"If an archived snapshot is available, a vertical black bar will appear in the timeline for each time a snapshot of the page was archived.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Scroll down and click on a date highlighted with a blue or green circle.\", \"描述\": \"This will either take you directly to the older version of the website or open a pop-out menu with a list of times.\\nThe blue and green circles represent the dates on which the snapshot was archived by the Internet Archive's Web crawler.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Click on a time in the pop-out menu.\", \"描述\": \"If a pop-out menu appeared, it will list several times that day the website was archived. Select a time to see what the website looked at during that time on the date you specified.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Alternative Tools\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try https://archive.today.\", \"描述\": \"There's a search bar at the top of the page you can use to find a specific website or enter keywords. Once you find an old version of a website, you can download the page as a ZIP file so you can share it!\\nArchive.today also has a Chrome extension that you could try.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use https://OldWeb.today to browse old websites with vintage flair.\", \"描述\": \"Not only does this website give you archived websites, but it also displays them in an old browser, giving you the immersion of web browsing in the early days of the internet. Use browser themes like Navigator, Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Mosaic.\\nTo complete the experience of browsing in the old days, websites load slower. Using OldWeb.today would be a great way to show younger kids how others experienced the Internet.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Browse the Library of Congress web archive at https://www.loc.gov/web-archives.\", \"描述\": \"This is an official archive that keeps an extensive record of books, newspapers, images, web pages, etc. A source like this would be best utilized by researchers or scholars.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"View cached pages on Google.\", \"描述\": \"Your search engine most likely contains previous versions of websites. Simply search Google for the URL you'd like to see, click , select , then choose a . You can input a specific time to search old versions of that website.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use the Web Cache Viewer Chrome extension.\", \"描述\": \"Get this Chrome extension from the Google Web Store. Simply go to the website you want to see an older version of, right-click on the page, and select .\\nThis is an extension and not an actual service. Web Cache Viewer gets information and screenshots from the Wayback Machine and Google.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Try UK Web Archive at https://www.webarchive.org.uk/ukwa.\", \"描述\": \"This tool works especially if you're looking for an older UK site. UKWA allows you to search by keyword, phrase, or URL.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Browse Memento Time Travel at https://timetravel.mementoweb.org.\", \"描述\": \"This is yet another aggregating search tool, which uses all services like the Wayback Machine and Google to find what you're looking for.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Images and flash content may not be archived, but all text content should still be visible.\\n\", \"There is more than just websites at the Internet Archive. You can also watch nearly a million digitized movies and listen to live music concerts, sounds, spoken word recordings. You can also check out old books and magazines, and read about everything from the history of Arpanet and articles about ants to works of science fiction, Federal Court documents, and microfilm records.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Some sites may be password-protected or blocked with a robots.txt file, so Wayback Machine is unable to access them. If you encounter this, you're most likely out of luck.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,057 |
How to Browse the Internet Using the Terminal in Linux
|
1. Using W3M
1-1. Go to the terminal and type this command sudo apt-get install w3m w3m-img.
1-2. Type Y when asked to confirm.
Now wait; it's just a matter of 3 MBs.
1-3. Whenever you want to open a web page, go to the terminal and type w3m wikihow.com, with your destination URL in the place of wikihow.com as needed.
1-4. Navigate around the site.
Use ⇧ Shift+U to open a new web page.
Use ⇧ Shift+B to go back to the previous page.
Use ⇧ Shift+T to open a new tab.
2. Using Links2
2-1. Go to the terminal and type this command sudo apt-get install links2.
2-2. Type Y when asked to confirm.
2-3. To browse a website, wikiHow in this case , type links2 wikihow.com.
Tips
Use XTerm instead of the normal gnome terminal while working with W3M so that all the images appear perfectly.
There are many other terminal browsers you may like to try, like: elinks, lynx and retawlk. Note that it's only a difference of tastes and it's up to you to what one you pick.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using W3M\\n1-1. Go to the terminal and type this command sudo apt-get install w3m w3m-img.\\n\\n1-2. Type Y when asked to confirm.\\nNow wait; it's just a matter of 3 MBs.\\n1-3. Whenever you want to open a web page, go to the terminal and type w3m wikihow.com, with your destination URL in the place of wikihow.com as needed.\\n\\n1-4. Navigate around the site.\\nUse ⇧ Shift+U to open a new web page.\\nUse ⇧ Shift+B to go back to the previous page.\\nUse ⇧ Shift+T to open a new tab.\\n2. Using Links2\\n2-1. Go to the terminal and type this command sudo apt-get install links2.\\n\\n2-2. Type Y when asked to confirm.\\n\\n2-3. To browse a website, wikiHow in this case , type links2 wikihow.com.\\n\\nTips\\nUse XTerm instead of the normal gnome terminal while working with W3M so that all the images appear perfectly.\\nThere are many other terminal browsers you may like to try, like: elinks, lynx and retawlk. Note that it's only a difference of tastes and it's up to you to what one you pick.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Have you ever wondered how to view web pages in a command line in Linux? Start with step one to learn how to do it, using two different tools.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using W3M\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go to the terminal and type this command sudo apt-get install w3m w3m-img.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Type Y when asked to confirm.\", \"描述\": \"Now wait; it's just a matter of 3 MBs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Whenever you want to open a web page, go to the terminal and type w3m wikihow.com, with your destination URL in the place of wikihow.com as needed.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Navigate around the site.\", \"描述\": \"Use ⇧ Shift+U to open a new web page.\\nUse ⇧ Shift+B to go back to the previous page.\\nUse ⇧ Shift+T to open a new tab.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Links2\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go to the terminal and type this command sudo apt-get install links2.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Type Y when asked to confirm.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"To browse a website, wikiHow in this case , type links2 wikihow.com.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Use XTerm instead of the normal gnome terminal while working with W3M so that all the images appear perfectly.\\n\", \"There are many other terminal browsers you may like to try, like: elinks, lynx and retawlk. Note that it's only a difference of tastes and it's up to you to what one you pick.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,058 |
How to Bruise Cardamom
|
1. Bruising Cardamom
1-1. Place the cardamom on a flat, clean surface.
You can only bruise 1-2 pods at a time. You will be using the flat side of a knife, lightly cracking open the pods like you might crush garlic.
1-2. Use the heel of your hand to push the flat side of a knife into the cardamom.
You simply want to use a large, broad knife to provide consistent, even pressure to the pod, cracking it open. Do not crush too hard, or the seeds will fall out. Simply apply pressure slowly until you hear a crunch.
1-3. Throw away the pod if the seeds are light brown and rusty colored.
You'll notice that the seeds inside should just be visible at this point. In good cardamom, they will be dark brown or black, much like coffee beans. If they are not, discard them.
1-4. Use the pod as instructed in the recipe, discarding the tough shell upon serving.
Many recipes call for cardamom to slow cook with the meal, and you can then remove the cardamom when you serve. It is an aromatic, imparting a light flavor on dish, but it can be quickly overpowering if you bite into one unknowingly.
2. Using Cardamom Pods
2-1. Crush or grind the seeds to use in recipes or to store.
Simply remove the seeds from the bruised pod and place them in a mortar and pestle, crushing them into a fine powder. You can also use a spice grinder, or a coffee grinder, though you should make sure it is clean to avoid mixing other flavors in as well.
You should keep ground cardamom in a cool, dry place in a tightly closed container. To check if it is still usable, pinch a little bit between your fingers and smell it. If it's lost its potency and smells weak, discard it and get fresh cardamom.
2-2. Substitute a pinch of ground cardamom in the recipe if you do not have pods.
Ground cardamom has a strong, pungent, and concentrated flavor, so be careful not to overdo it. 1/4-1/8 of a teaspoon should be plenty for a recipe that call for 2-3 pods of fresh cardamom.
2-3. Make Arab coffee by brewing with a cardamom pod.
While cardamom is a typically Indian, it is also the "secret" ingredient in Turkish or Arab coffee. It is served to guests as a sign of hospitality and is easy as tossing a bruised cardamom pod in with the grounds when you brew your coffee.
2-4. Know that there are a lot of "imitation" cardamoms.
Black cardamom is actually a different plant, with a mildly antiseptic flavor that makes it ill suited for deserts or sweetening. There are also Thai Cardamoms, Java cardamoms, etc. When purchasing, stick to basic "cardamom," or "green cardamom," to make sure you're getting the real deal.
2-5. Add 1-2 bruised pods to your next curry.
As an essential ingredient in Indian cuisine, you can't go wrong with a light hint of cardamom in your curry. Simply add 1-2 bruised pods as the sauce simmers. You then remove them before serving the final dish.
2-6. Use cardamom to ease digestive pains.
Simply "brew" the 2-3 pods in hot water with a little sugar. While there is no scientific consensus yet on the effectiveness, cardamom has long been used to treat stomach and intestinal pain, as well as heart burn.
2-7. Chew cardamom seeds as a breath freshener.
Used since the ancient Egyptians to clean teeth an freshen breath, remove a few of the black seeds from the bruised pod and use them to get your mouth tingly fresh.
Tips
Other methods of using cardamom include breaking open the pod entirely and using the seeds whole or ground, often in spice mixes such as Garam Masala.
This method is best for stews or curries which have a long cooking time for the flavor to disperse.
White cardamom is simply green cardamom bleached white, so simply opt for the green instead.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Bruising Cardamom\\n1-1. Place the cardamom on a flat, clean surface.\\nYou can only bruise 1-2 pods at a time. You will be using the flat side of a knife, lightly cracking open the pods like you might crush garlic.\\n1-2. Use the heel of your hand to push the flat side of a knife into the cardamom.\\nYou simply want to use a large, broad knife to provide consistent, even pressure to the pod, cracking it open. Do not crush too hard, or the seeds will fall out. Simply apply pressure slowly until you hear a crunch.\\n1-3. Throw away the pod if the seeds are light brown and rusty colored.\\nYou'll notice that the seeds inside should just be visible at this point. In good cardamom, they will be dark brown or black, much like coffee beans. If they are not, discard them.\\n1-4. Use the pod as instructed in the recipe, discarding the tough shell upon serving.\\nMany recipes call for cardamom to slow cook with the meal, and you can then remove the cardamom when you serve. It is an aromatic, imparting a light flavor on dish, but it can be quickly overpowering if you bite into one unknowingly.\\n2. Using Cardamom Pods\\n2-1. Crush or grind the seeds to use in recipes or to store.\\nSimply remove the seeds from the bruised pod and place them in a mortar and pestle, crushing them into a fine powder. You can also use a spice grinder, or a coffee grinder, though you should make sure it is clean to avoid mixing other flavors in as well.\\nYou should keep ground cardamom in a cool, dry place in a tightly closed container. To check if it is still usable, pinch a little bit between your fingers and smell it. If it's lost its potency and smells weak, discard it and get fresh cardamom.\\n2-2. Substitute a pinch of ground cardamom in the recipe if you do not have pods.\\nGround cardamom has a strong, pungent, and concentrated flavor, so be careful not to overdo it. 1/4-1/8 of a teaspoon should be plenty for a recipe that call for 2-3 pods of fresh cardamom.\\n2-3. Make Arab coffee by brewing with a cardamom pod.\\nWhile cardamom is a typically Indian, it is also the \\\"secret\\\" ingredient in Turkish or Arab coffee. It is served to guests as a sign of hospitality and is easy as tossing a bruised cardamom pod in with the grounds when you brew your coffee.\\n2-4. Know that there are a lot of \\\"imitation\\\" cardamoms.\\nBlack cardamom is actually a different plant, with a mildly antiseptic flavor that makes it ill suited for deserts or sweetening. There are also Thai Cardamoms, Java cardamoms, etc. When purchasing, stick to basic \\\"cardamom,\\\" or \\\"green cardamom,\\\" to make sure you're getting the real deal.\\n2-5. Add 1-2 bruised pods to your next curry.\\nAs an essential ingredient in Indian cuisine, you can't go wrong with a light hint of cardamom in your curry. Simply add 1-2 bruised pods as the sauce simmers. You then remove them before serving the final dish.\\n2-6. Use cardamom to ease digestive pains.\\nSimply \\\"brew\\\" the 2-3 pods in hot water with a little sugar. While there is no scientific consensus yet on the effectiveness, cardamom has long been used to treat stomach and intestinal pain, as well as heart burn.\\n2-7. Chew cardamom seeds as a breath freshener.\\nUsed since the ancient Egyptians to clean teeth an freshen breath, remove a few of the black seeds from the bruised pod and use them to get your mouth tingly fresh.\\nTips\\nOther methods of using cardamom include breaking open the pod entirely and using the seeds whole or ground, often in spice mixes such as Garam Masala.\\nThis method is best for stews or curries which have a long cooking time for the flavor to disperse.\\nWhite cardamom is simply green cardamom bleached white, so simply opt for the green instead.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Cardamom is an intensely aromatic spice widely used in Indian cooking. It comes in two varieties: black and green. The most commonly used of these is green, which has a slightly smoother flavor, and is easily found in most large supermarkets. To use cardamom in curries and stews, recipes often say to \\\"bruise\\\" the cardamom, which softens it and releases the aroma for a stronger flavor.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Bruising Cardamom\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Place the cardamom on a flat, clean surface.\", \"描述\": \"You can only bruise 1-2 pods at a time. You will be using the flat side of a knife, lightly cracking open the pods like you might crush garlic.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use the heel of your hand to push the flat side of a knife into the cardamom.\", \"描述\": \"You simply want to use a large, broad knife to provide consistent, even pressure to the pod, cracking it open. Do not crush too hard, or the seeds will fall out. Simply apply pressure slowly until you hear a crunch.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Throw away the pod if the seeds are light brown and rusty colored.\", \"描述\": \"You'll notice that the seeds inside should just be visible at this point. In good cardamom, they will be dark brown or black, much like coffee beans. If they are not, discard them.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use the pod as instructed in the recipe, discarding the tough shell upon serving.\", \"描述\": \"Many recipes call for cardamom to slow cook with the meal, and you can then remove the cardamom when you serve. It is an aromatic, imparting a light flavor on dish, but it can be quickly overpowering if you bite into one unknowingly.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Cardamom Pods\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Crush or grind the seeds to use in recipes or to store.\", \"描述\": \"Simply remove the seeds from the bruised pod and place them in a mortar and pestle, crushing them into a fine powder. You can also use a spice grinder, or a coffee grinder, though you should make sure it is clean to avoid mixing other flavors in as well.\\nYou should keep ground cardamom in a cool, dry place in a tightly closed container. To check if it is still usable, pinch a little bit between your fingers and smell it. If it's lost its potency and smells weak, discard it and get fresh cardamom.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Substitute a pinch of ground cardamom in the recipe if you do not have pods.\", \"描述\": \"Ground cardamom has a strong, pungent, and concentrated flavor, so be careful not to overdo it. 1/4-1/8 of a teaspoon should be plenty for a recipe that call for 2-3 pods of fresh cardamom.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make Arab coffee by brewing with a cardamom pod.\", \"描述\": \"While cardamom is a typically Indian, it is also the \\\"secret\\\" ingredient in Turkish or Arab coffee. It is served to guests as a sign of hospitality and is easy as tossing a bruised cardamom pod in with the grounds when you brew your coffee.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Know that there are a lot of \\\"imitation\\\" cardamoms.\", \"描述\": \"Black cardamom is actually a different plant, with a mildly antiseptic flavor that makes it ill suited for deserts or sweetening. There are also Thai Cardamoms, Java cardamoms, etc. When purchasing, stick to basic \\\"cardamom,\\\" or \\\"green cardamom,\\\" to make sure you're getting the real deal.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Add 1-2 bruised pods to your next curry.\", \"描述\": \"As an essential ingredient in Indian cuisine, you can't go wrong with a light hint of cardamom in your curry. Simply add 1-2 bruised pods as the sauce simmers. You then remove them before serving the final dish.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Use cardamom to ease digestive pains.\", \"描述\": \"Simply \\\"brew\\\" the 2-3 pods in hot water with a little sugar. While there is no scientific consensus yet on the effectiveness, cardamom has long been used to treat stomach and intestinal pain, as well as heart burn.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Chew cardamom seeds as a breath freshener.\", \"描述\": \"Used since the ancient Egyptians to clean teeth an freshen breath, remove a few of the black seeds from the bruised pod and use them to get your mouth tingly fresh.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Other methods of using cardamom include breaking open the pod entirely and using the seeds whole or ground, often in spice mixes such as Garam Masala.\\n\", \"This method is best for stews or curries which have a long cooking time for the flavor to disperse.\\n\", \"White cardamom is simply green cardamom bleached white, so simply opt for the green instead.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,059 |
How to Brush Long Hair
|
1. Steps
1-1. Choose the correct brush that suits your hair.
Long hair is best brushed with a paddle brush. Choose one with the largest head you are comfortable using, with a rubber cushion. This rubber cushion will help reduce the amount of static build up.
Use a brush with natural bristles if you have fine to medium textured hair. Use a mixture of natural and synthetic bristles for coarse hair.
Keep your brushes clean.
1-2. Use a spray-in conditioner that de-tangles.
Don't use too much though, or you'll do more harm than good.
1-3. Part hair into 2 equal parts, bringing both around to rest on your shoulders.
Make sure it's even.
1-4. Comb your hair before brushing.
Using a wide tooth comb to remove tangles is gentler on your hair than a brush. Comb a small section at a time, starting from the ends. Comb until it is tangle free, then move up a few inches and start over.
1-5. Brush each side until smooth.
Remember to brush from the top and from underneath.
1-6. Gently move both sides back onto your back.
1-7. Tilt your head to one side and brush where the part was to smooth out the split.
1-8. Finished.
Tips
Brushing long hair takes time. Don't rush it as you will only damage your hair.
Use firm, even strokes.
Don't go too fast or it will hurt and rip out your hair resulting in less hair.
Warnings
Never brush wet hair. Always use a wide tooth comb.
Never brush curly hair. This is extremely damaging, and will give you the famed "triangle head" look. If you must brush, however, then you can do it with a boar bristle brush on wet hair. (Still, straight haired to wavy haired people should never brush wet hair!)
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Choose the correct brush that suits your hair.\\nLong hair is best brushed with a paddle brush. Choose one with the largest head you are comfortable using, with a rubber cushion. This rubber cushion will help reduce the amount of static build up.\\nUse a brush with natural bristles if you have fine to medium textured hair. Use a mixture of natural and synthetic bristles for coarse hair.\\nKeep your brushes clean.\\n1-2. Use a spray-in conditioner that de-tangles.\\nDon't use too much though, or you'll do more harm than good.\\n1-3. Part hair into 2 equal parts, bringing both around to rest on your shoulders.\\nMake sure it's even.\\n1-4. Comb your hair before brushing.\\nUsing a wide tooth comb to remove tangles is gentler on your hair than a brush. Comb a small section at a time, starting from the ends. Comb until it is tangle free, then move up a few inches and start over.\\n1-5. Brush each side until smooth.\\nRemember to brush from the top and from underneath.\\n1-6. Gently move both sides back onto your back.\\n\\n1-7. Tilt your head to one side and brush where the part was to smooth out the split.\\n\\n1-8. Finished.\\n\\nTips\\nBrushing long hair takes time. Don't rush it as you will only damage your hair.\\nUse firm, even strokes.\\nDon't go too fast or it will hurt and rip out your hair resulting in less hair.\\nWarnings\\nNever brush wet hair. Always use a wide tooth comb.\\nNever brush curly hair. This is extremely damaging, and will give you the famed \\\"triangle head\\\" look. If you must brush, however, then you can do it with a boar bristle brush on wet hair. (Still, straight haired to wavy haired people should never brush wet hair!)\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you have long hair, you are probably aware of the fact that you can't just whip any old brush through it and go. To keep your hair healthy and looking its best, you need to brush it properly.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose the correct brush that suits your hair.\", \"描述\": \"Long hair is best brushed with a paddle brush. Choose one with the largest head you are comfortable using, with a rubber cushion. This rubber cushion will help reduce the amount of static build up.\\nUse a brush with natural bristles if you have fine to medium textured hair. Use a mixture of natural and synthetic bristles for coarse hair.\\nKeep your brushes clean.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use a spray-in conditioner that de-tangles.\", \"描述\": \"Don't use too much though, or you'll do more harm than good.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Part hair into 2 equal parts, bringing both around to rest on your shoulders.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure it's even.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Comb your hair before brushing.\", \"描述\": \"Using a wide tooth comb to remove tangles is gentler on your hair than a brush. Comb a small section at a time, starting from the ends. Comb until it is tangle free, then move up a few inches and start over.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Brush each side until smooth.\", \"描述\": \"Remember to brush from the top and from underneath.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Gently move both sides back onto your back.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Tilt your head to one side and brush where the part was to smooth out the split.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Finished.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Brushing long hair takes time. Don't rush it as you will only damage your hair.\\n\", \"Use firm, even strokes.\\n\", \"Don't go too fast or it will hurt and rip out your hair resulting in less hair.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Never brush wet hair. Always use a wide tooth comb.\\n\", \"Never brush curly hair. This is extremely damaging, and will give you the famed \\\"triangle head\\\" look. If you must brush, however, then you can do it with a boar bristle brush on wet hair. (Still, straight haired to wavy haired people should never brush wet hair!)\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,060 |
How to Brush Mats out of Dog Hair
|
1. Brushing Out the Mats
1-1. Make sure your dog is calm.
Removing mats can be an extremely uncomfortable process for your dog. Dogs have very sensitive skin, and mats can pull and put stress on the skin. Pet your dog, talk to him in a calm voice, and give him treats as you begin.
Try to get the dog to lie down if you can.
1-2. Spray the coat with detangler.
Before you begin, you can spray your dog's coat with a detangling spray. This can help loosen up mats and make them easier to brush out. Leave the detangling spray on the coat for a few minutes.
Detangling sprays may not always work. They will not work on severe mats in your dog's coat.
1-3. Brush your dog.
Use a slicker brush to locate the mats. A slicker brush has wire bristles that are slightly bent at the ends. Make sure the bristles don't touch your dog's skin.
Mats are often found around the ears, below the neck, under the belly, and along the back legs.
Try to brush your dog's fur at least once a week to prevent matts.
1-4. Hold the mat at the base.
Take the base of the mat into your hand, at the section closest to your dog's skin. This protects your dog's skin from excess pulling and damage as you try to work out the mat. It also keeps you from giving your dog's skin brush burn since your hand is between the brush and the dog's skin.
1-5. Untangle the mat with your fingers.
When you find mats, start to untangle them with your fingers. Make sure to be extra gentle. Mats pull painfully at your dog's skin. Ease the hair in the mat apart a little at a time.This will take awhile, so you need to have patience.
1-6. Rub cornstarch into the mat.
Cornstarch is often used as a dematting aid. It can help loosen and untangle the fur.
You can also try spraying a light coat of coconut oil onto each mat and then combing out.
1-7. Pick the mat.
When the mat is very tangled and your fingers aren't working, try picking through it with a comb or other dematting tool instead of just combing through it. This picking action helps break up the hair. Lift the tool in and out of the hair instead of pulling in through. Go from the ends up towards the base. You want to loosen the hair. Don't worry about separating completely.
1-8. Comb through it with a dematting comb.
Once you separate as much of the mat as you can with your fingers, run through the mat with a dematting comb. Pull the comb through the mat from the base to the tip.
If the mat is bad, comb through from the tip to the base to lessen the strain on your dog's hair. Use a teasing motion instead of combing straight through.
Make sure to keep a hold on the mat so you don't pull at your dog's skin.
1-9. Try a mat rake.
If the mat doesn't come out after using your fingers and a comb or brush, try a mat rake. Comb it gently through the mats. The mat rake has sharp teeth that help cut through the mat.
1-10. Finish brushing.
Once you have gotten the mat loosened enough, use your slicker brush to finish brushing the mat. Make sure to brush in the direction the hair grows. Continue brushing out the rest of your dog's coat.
2. Cutting Out the Mats
2-1. Use a mat splitter.
If the mat won't break apart or loosen with your fingers, the rake, or comb, try a mat splitter. Keep holding the mat at the base. Use the mat splitter to cut the mat into smaller strips. After you cut it into smaller sections, try to work through it with your fingers or a comb.
Use a sawing motion when you cut the hair.
Be careful using a mat splitter. It has a razor sharp edge and can seriously injure your dog. Always watch out for the ears, folds of skin, loose skin, and the tip of the tail.
2-2. Try electric clippers.
When everything else fails, try clippers. Use the clippers to slowly shave away the mat. This may leave a bare patch where you have shaved the coat.
Make sure to watch carefully as you trim away the mat. Do not cut too close to your dog's skin.
2-3. Take the dog to the groomers.
If the mats are too difficult to remove, or your dog is not cooperating, take your dog to the groomers. They can shave the dog or use their knowledge, experience, and tools to remove the mats easier than you can.
2-4. Avoid using scissors.
Though some people suggest using scissors, you should refrain from using them on your pet. You can seriously injure your dog, especially around the sensitive areas like the ears. Scissors can cut the skin or pull and strain it. Even dematting tools can be dangerous due to their razor-sharp blades.
If you are uncomfortable using these sharp objects on your dog, then take him to a professional.
Tips
Try using a crochet hook to pick apart the mat before using a splitter.[22]
X
Research source
Don't try to pull the mat out by hand. This can injure your dog.[23]
X
Research source
Always brush and comb a dog's long coat out before a bath, or any slightly matted hair will be worse afterward.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Brushing Out the Mats\\n1-1. Make sure your dog is calm.\\nRemoving mats can be an extremely uncomfortable process for your dog. Dogs have very sensitive skin, and mats can pull and put stress on the skin. Pet your dog, talk to him in a calm voice, and give him treats as you begin. \\nTry to get the dog to lie down if you can.\\n1-2. Spray the coat with detangler.\\nBefore you begin, you can spray your dog's coat with a detangling spray. This can help loosen up mats and make them easier to brush out. Leave the detangling spray on the coat for a few minutes.\\nDetangling sprays may not always work. They will not work on severe mats in your dog's coat.\\n1-3. Brush your dog.\\nUse a slicker brush to locate the mats. A slicker brush has wire bristles that are slightly bent at the ends. Make sure the bristles don't touch your dog's skin.\\nMats are often found around the ears, below the neck, under the belly, and along the back legs.\\nTry to brush your dog's fur at least once a week to prevent matts.\\n1-4. Hold the mat at the base.\\nTake the base of the mat into your hand, at the section closest to your dog's skin. This protects your dog's skin from excess pulling and damage as you try to work out the mat. It also keeps you from giving your dog's skin brush burn since your hand is between the brush and the dog's skin.\\n1-5. Untangle the mat with your fingers.\\nWhen you find mats, start to untangle them with your fingers. Make sure to be extra gentle. Mats pull painfully at your dog's skin. Ease the hair in the mat apart a little at a time.This will take awhile, so you need to have patience.\\n1-6. Rub cornstarch into the mat.\\nCornstarch is often used as a dematting aid. It can help loosen and untangle the fur.\\nYou can also try spraying a light coat of coconut oil onto each mat and then combing out.\\n1-7. Pick the mat.\\nWhen the mat is very tangled and your fingers aren't working, try picking through it with a comb or other dematting tool instead of just combing through it. This picking action helps break up the hair. Lift the tool in and out of the hair instead of pulling in through. Go from the ends up towards the base. You want to loosen the hair. Don't worry about separating completely.\\n1-8. Comb through it with a dematting comb.\\nOnce you separate as much of the mat as you can with your fingers, run through the mat with a dematting comb. Pull the comb through the mat from the base to the tip. \\nIf the mat is bad, comb through from the tip to the base to lessen the strain on your dog's hair. Use a teasing motion instead of combing straight through.\\nMake sure to keep a hold on the mat so you don't pull at your dog's skin.\\n1-9. Try a mat rake.\\nIf the mat doesn't come out after using your fingers and a comb or brush, try a mat rake. Comb it gently through the mats. The mat rake has sharp teeth that help cut through the mat.\\n1-10. Finish brushing.\\nOnce you have gotten the mat loosened enough, use your slicker brush to finish brushing the mat. Make sure to brush in the direction the hair grows. Continue brushing out the rest of your dog's coat.\\n2. Cutting Out the Mats\\n2-1. Use a mat splitter.\\nIf the mat won't break apart or loosen with your fingers, the rake, or comb, try a mat splitter. Keep holding the mat at the base. Use the mat splitter to cut the mat into smaller strips. After you cut it into smaller sections, try to work through it with your fingers or a comb.\\nUse a sawing motion when you cut the hair.\\nBe careful using a mat splitter. It has a razor sharp edge and can seriously injure your dog. Always watch out for the ears, folds of skin, loose skin, and the tip of the tail.\\n2-2. Try electric clippers.\\nWhen everything else fails, try clippers. Use the clippers to slowly shave away the mat. This may leave a bare patch where you have shaved the coat.\\nMake sure to watch carefully as you trim away the mat. Do not cut too close to your dog's skin.\\n2-3. Take the dog to the groomers.\\nIf the mats are too difficult to remove, or your dog is not cooperating, take your dog to the groomers. They can shave the dog or use their knowledge, experience, and tools to remove the mats easier than you can.\\n2-4. Avoid using scissors.\\nThough some people suggest using scissors, you should refrain from using them on your pet. You can seriously injure your dog, especially around the sensitive areas like the ears. Scissors can cut the skin or pull and strain it. Even dematting tools can be dangerous due to their razor-sharp blades.\\nIf you are uncomfortable using these sharp objects on your dog, then take him to a professional.\\nTips\\nTry using a crochet hook to pick apart the mat before using a splitter.[22]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nDon't try to pull the mat out by hand. This can injure your dog.[23]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nAlways brush and comb a dog's long coat out before a bath, or any slightly matted hair will be worse afterward.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The best way to brush mats out of your dog's hair is to prevent them forming in the first place. Mats will only get worse, so they must be removed. If your dog has mats in his coat, this advice will help you to untangle them.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brushing Out the Mats\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make sure your dog is calm.\", \"描述\": \"Removing mats can be an extremely uncomfortable process for your dog. Dogs have very sensitive skin, and mats can pull and put stress on the skin. Pet your dog, talk to him in a calm voice, and give him treats as you begin. \\nTry to get the dog to lie down if you can.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Spray the coat with detangler.\", \"描述\": \"Before you begin, you can spray your dog's coat with a detangling spray. This can help loosen up mats and make them easier to brush out. Leave the detangling spray on the coat for a few minutes.\\nDetangling sprays may not always work. They will not work on severe mats in your dog's coat.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Brush your dog.\", \"描述\": \"Use a slicker brush to locate the mats. A slicker brush has wire bristles that are slightly bent at the ends. Make sure the bristles don't touch your dog's skin.\\nMats are often found around the ears, below the neck, under the belly, and along the back legs.\\nTry to brush your dog's fur at least once a week to prevent matts.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Hold the mat at the base.\", \"描述\": \"Take the base of the mat into your hand, at the section closest to your dog's skin. This protects your dog's skin from excess pulling and damage as you try to work out the mat. It also keeps you from giving your dog's skin brush burn since your hand is between the brush and the dog's skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Untangle the mat with your fingers.\", \"描述\": \"When you find mats, start to untangle them with your fingers. Make sure to be extra gentle. Mats pull painfully at your dog's skin. Ease the hair in the mat apart a little at a time.This will take awhile, so you need to have patience.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Rub cornstarch into the mat.\", \"描述\": \"Cornstarch is often used as a dematting aid. It can help loosen and untangle the fur.\\nYou can also try spraying a light coat of coconut oil onto each mat and then combing out.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Pick the mat.\", \"描述\": \"When the mat is very tangled and your fingers aren't working, try picking through it with a comb or other dematting tool instead of just combing through it. This picking action helps break up the hair. Lift the tool in and out of the hair instead of pulling in through. Go from the ends up towards the base. You want to loosen the hair. Don't worry about separating completely.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Comb through it with a dematting comb.\", \"描述\": \"Once you separate as much of the mat as you can with your fingers, run through the mat with a dematting comb. Pull the comb through the mat from the base to the tip. \\nIf the mat is bad, comb through from the tip to the base to lessen the strain on your dog's hair. Use a teasing motion instead of combing straight through.\\nMake sure to keep a hold on the mat so you don't pull at your dog's skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Try a mat rake.\", \"描述\": \"If the mat doesn't come out after using your fingers and a comb or brush, try a mat rake. Comb it gently through the mats. The mat rake has sharp teeth that help cut through the mat.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Finish brushing.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have gotten the mat loosened enough, use your slicker brush to finish brushing the mat. Make sure to brush in the direction the hair grows. Continue brushing out the rest of your dog's coat.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cutting Out the Mats\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a mat splitter.\", \"描述\": \"If the mat won't break apart or loosen with your fingers, the rake, or comb, try a mat splitter. Keep holding the mat at the base. Use the mat splitter to cut the mat into smaller strips. After you cut it into smaller sections, try to work through it with your fingers or a comb.\\nUse a sawing motion when you cut the hair.\\nBe careful using a mat splitter. It has a razor sharp edge and can seriously injure your dog. Always watch out for the ears, folds of skin, loose skin, and the tip of the tail.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try electric clippers.\", \"描述\": \"When everything else fails, try clippers. Use the clippers to slowly shave away the mat. This may leave a bare patch where you have shaved the coat.\\nMake sure to watch carefully as you trim away the mat. Do not cut too close to your dog's skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take the dog to the groomers.\", \"描述\": \"If the mats are too difficult to remove, or your dog is not cooperating, take your dog to the groomers. They can shave the dog or use their knowledge, experience, and tools to remove the mats easier than you can.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid using scissors.\", \"描述\": \"Though some people suggest using scissors, you should refrain from using them on your pet. You can seriously injure your dog, especially around the sensitive areas like the ears. Scissors can cut the skin or pull and strain it. Even dematting tools can be dangerous due to their razor-sharp blades.\\nIf you are uncomfortable using these sharp objects on your dog, then take him to a professional.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Try using a crochet hook to pick apart the mat before using a splitter.[22]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Don't try to pull the mat out by hand. This can injure your dog.[23]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Always brush and comb a dog's long coat out before a bath, or any slightly matted hair will be worse afterward.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,061 |
How to Brush Matted Fur
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1. Assessing the Mat
1-1. Try combing the mat first if you can work your fingers into it.
Press the mat between your thumb and first finger, or your first 2 fingers if the mat is very large. If the matted fur separates beneath your fingers, or your finger and thumb touch through the fur, you may be able to use a comb to gently detangle the mat.
Typically, the earlier you can catch a mat, the easier it will be to detangle. That’s why you should examine your pet’s coat daily, especially if the animal has long hair that’s prone to tangling.
If the fur is matted together to the point that it feels hard, trying to detangle it may cause unnecessary pain or stress to the animal, and it could even cause it to become aggressive.
1-2. Cut the mat if the fur is matted tightly but it’s not against the animal’s skin.
Even if the mat is too serious to detangle with a comb, you may still be able to remove it yourself. If you can work your fingers beneath the mat and clearly feel that there’s a separation between the tangled fur and the skin, you may be able to safely cut the mat away.
If you have any question about whether it’s safe to cut the mat, take the animal to a vet or a professional groomer.
1-3. Call a professional groomer if the mat is tight against the skin.
Sometimes, when fur gets really matted, it can press tightly against the animal’s skin. Folds of skin can even become trapped in the mat, which can lead to a severe laceration if you try to cut it away.
You should also call a professional groomer if the mat is somewhere very sensitive, like on the abdomen, under the neck, or around the genitals, or if the animal is scared or aggressive.
Cats, in particular, can be very skittish when you're working around their abdomen, even if they're normally very tame. A scared cat might curl around your hand, kicking with its back feet and gripping you with its front claws as it tries to bite you. A professional will know how to avoid these dangerous situations.
1-4. See your vet if there is any irritation on the skin under the mat.
If you notice any redness, inflammation, or broken skin beneath the mat, the problem might be too serious for even a professional groomer. Instead, have the animal examined by a vet and ask them how to proceed.
Serious issues, including irritation and infection, can occur when a mat sits against an animal’s skin for a long period of time.
2. Combing Mats and Tangles
2-1. Don't wash the animal before you try to remove any mats.
When you see an animal with dirty, matted fur, it might be tempting to give it a good bath right away. However, if you wash the animal before you detangle its fur, the mats will tighten up as they dry, which will make them even harder to remove.
In addition, the mats might prevent the soapy water from penetrating the fur all the way to the skin, making the bath ineffective.
If you're detangling dog hair, you may want to bathe the dog after you detangle its fur. However, avoid bathing a cat unless its fur is greasy or smelly. They typically groom themselves, and you'll just stress it out.
If the mat is in a horse’s mane, you can use a special horse shampoo to wash its mane after you finish detangling it.
2-2. Use your fingers to break up any tangles and mats as much as possible.
Place the animal on a towel on the ground or a sturdy table, and sit or stand close by. Run your fingers over the animal’s fur, breaking up as many mats and tangles as you can by hand. Separate loose hairs from the mats and gently work out any knots you can, but don’t pull or tear at the animal’s fur.
Detangling mats can be a long process, and it can be stressful on the animal, especially if you’re yanking with a comb the whole time. Using your fingers can help soothe the animal, and will decrease the amount of time you spend pulling on the mat.
Try petting the animal as you detangle its fur to help calm it down. For instance, if you're detangling a mat on a cat's side, reach up every so often and stroke the cat's cheeks or chin. That way, it will associate the grooming with positive attention.
2-3. Break apart larger mats with a comb, working from the outside in.
If you come across a mat that you can’t detangle by hand, you’ll likely need to break it up with a wide-toothed metal comb. A brush is not as effective at removing mats, because it won’t penetrate the fur as deeply. Grip the mat securely with one hand, as close to the skin as you can get. Then, try to pick apart the mat with the widest end of your comb, using short, gentle strokes. Start at the end of the mat furthest from the animal’s skin and work your way inward.
Do not yank on the mat, as this is likely to upset the animal. Also, avoid raking the comb directly across the animal’s skin, as this could cause irritation over time.
This part of the process takes time and patience. Work in small sections, and if the animal starts getting frustrated, take a break. If it creates a negative association with the grooming process, you’ll have a harder time keeping the mats from coming back.
If you're detangling the fur on a treat-motivated animal like a dog, cat, or horse, offer it treats and plenty of soft, soothing praise if it's acting calm and relaxed.
2-4. Saturate a stubborn mat with a detangling product for that specific animal.
Deep conditioning products contain oils that can help the animal’s fur slip out of the mat. If a mat is too tangled to comb out, soak it with a detangler and let it soak in for about 30 minutes. Then, come back and try to break the mat apart with your fingers or comb it apart.
Because animals have different skin pHs, you should never use products intended for another animal. For example, you shouldn't use a conditioner for a horse's mane on a dog. However, you may find some detanglers that are intended for both cats and dogs. If that's the case, it should clearly say so on the label.
Also, never use human skin or hair care products on an animal.
2-5. Go back over the area with a fine comb or brush once you remove the mat.
Many combs for animal grooming have a wider side and a fine-tooth side. If that’s the case, comb back through the animal’s fur with the finer side once you’ve gotten most of the mat free. This will help you catch any smaller tangles that might be left behind.
If your comb is only one width, use a smaller, fine-tooth metal comb, or go over the area with the animal’s normal brush. For example, you might use a small slicker brush on a long-haired cat or a bristle brush for a dog with a medium coat.
3. Cutting out Mats Safely
3-1. Use a razor comb to try to cut out the mat first.
A razor comb, which may also be called a rake tool or a mat splitting tool, looks like a wide comb with long, sharp teeth. Press your hand against the animal's skin to help reduce pulling. Then, work the teeth of the razor comb under the mat and gently pull down in the direction the hair grows. Don’t yank; just allow the tool to gently slice through the matted fur as far as it will go. It may take several passes to cut through the hair holding the mat in place.
Doing this will remove smaller mats, but it may also help loosen the tension on larger mats, helping the animal be more comfortable as you continue.
You can find these tools at most pet supply stores. Choose a size that's best for your animal. For instance, you would want a smaller razor comb for cats and small dogs, and a larger tool for larger dogs.
This tool is very sharp, so always use caution when you’re using it. Also, be sure to always have the sharp ends pointing upward, away from the animal’s skin. Similarly, don't apply too much pressure on the tool, as it's easy to accidentally rake the skin and cause injury. Take special care around angled areas like the legs and tail.
3-2. Cut out large, stubborn mats with hair clippers.
Use your hand to pull the animal's skin as flat and tight as you can around the mat. Then, turn on the clippers and lightly run them over the very surface of the mat, moving in the direction that the fur is growing. If you need to, you can make several passes, gently running the clippers over the surface of the mat each time. However, don’t clip all the way to the animal’s skin—just stop once you’ve removed the bulk of the mat.
Before you try to use clippers, make sure the animal is stable and calm, and have someone else hold it still, if you can. Speak to the animal in a soothing voice to reassure it throughout the process, and stop if it gets agitated.
If you're grooming a cat, it may help to have someone gently hold it by the scruff of its neck. This can actually help calm a cat, since it's the way mother cats carry kittens when they're young.
If the animal is so matted that it needs to be completely shaved, take it to a professional groomer. However, if your cat typically experiences a lot of stress during grooming, it may be best to take your cat to the vet, who can sedate your cat during the removal process. Not only will this make your cat more comfortable and stress-free, it will also prevent your cat from becoming more fearful of grooming in the future.
3-3. Check the clippers every minute or so to make sure they aren’t too hot.
Clippers can get really hot, which can burn the animal if you’re not careful. About every 60 seconds, turn off the clippers and lightly touch your hand to the blade. If it’s uncomfortably hot to the touch, it’s too hot for the animal. Wait a few minutes for the clippers to cool down before you turn them on again.
You can also use a cooling spray designed for clippers to help keep the blade from overheating.
3-4. Try to detangle the fur with a comb once you’ve removed most of the mat.
Often, removing the outer surface of a mat will help loosen it enough that you can finish the detangling process with your fingers or a wide-tooth comb. If you still can’t loosen the mat, clip away a little more fur, or call a professional if you’re concerned you need to clip too close to the skin.
A detangling spray may also be useful after you’ve removed the bulk of the mat. Saturate the animal’s fur with the spray and let it sit for about 30 minutes, or the amount of time recommended on the product label. Then, gently comb the animal’s fur to loosen any remaining tangles.
Tips
To prevent mats in the future, groom the animal regularly. The more consistent you are, the more likely the animal is to accept and even enjoy being groomed.
Take breaks to keep the animal from becoming overwhelmed.
Warnings
Do not use scissors to cut mats out of an animal’s fur. You could accidentally cut it or yourself.
If an animal seems scared or aggressive, take it to a professional. The animal may need to be sedated in order to safely remove the mats from its fur.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:54",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Assessing the Mat\\n1-1. Try combing the mat first if you can work your fingers into it.\\nPress the mat between your thumb and first finger, or your first 2 fingers if the mat is very large. If the matted fur separates beneath your fingers, or your finger and thumb touch through the fur, you may be able to use a comb to gently detangle the mat.\\nTypically, the earlier you can catch a mat, the easier it will be to detangle. That’s why you should examine your pet’s coat daily, especially if the animal has long hair that’s prone to tangling.\\nIf the fur is matted together to the point that it feels hard, trying to detangle it may cause unnecessary pain or stress to the animal, and it could even cause it to become aggressive.\\n1-2. Cut the mat if the fur is matted tightly but it’s not against the animal’s skin.\\nEven if the mat is too serious to detangle with a comb, you may still be able to remove it yourself. If you can work your fingers beneath the mat and clearly feel that there’s a separation between the tangled fur and the skin, you may be able to safely cut the mat away.\\nIf you have any question about whether it’s safe to cut the mat, take the animal to a vet or a professional groomer.\\n1-3. Call a professional groomer if the mat is tight against the skin.\\nSometimes, when fur gets really matted, it can press tightly against the animal’s skin. Folds of skin can even become trapped in the mat, which can lead to a severe laceration if you try to cut it away.\\nYou should also call a professional groomer if the mat is somewhere very sensitive, like on the abdomen, under the neck, or around the genitals, or if the animal is scared or aggressive.\\nCats, in particular, can be very skittish when you're working around their abdomen, even if they're normally very tame. A scared cat might curl around your hand, kicking with its back feet and gripping you with its front claws as it tries to bite you. A professional will know how to avoid these dangerous situations.\\n1-4. See your vet if there is any irritation on the skin under the mat.\\nIf you notice any redness, inflammation, or broken skin beneath the mat, the problem might be too serious for even a professional groomer. Instead, have the animal examined by a vet and ask them how to proceed.\\nSerious issues, including irritation and infection, can occur when a mat sits against an animal’s skin for a long period of time.\\n2. Combing Mats and Tangles\\n2-1. Don't wash the animal before you try to remove any mats.\\nWhen you see an animal with dirty, matted fur, it might be tempting to give it a good bath right away. However, if you wash the animal before you detangle its fur, the mats will tighten up as they dry, which will make them even harder to remove.\\nIn addition, the mats might prevent the soapy water from penetrating the fur all the way to the skin, making the bath ineffective.\\nIf you're detangling dog hair, you may want to bathe the dog after you detangle its fur. However, avoid bathing a cat unless its fur is greasy or smelly. They typically groom themselves, and you'll just stress it out.\\nIf the mat is in a horse’s mane, you can use a special horse shampoo to wash its mane after you finish detangling it.\\n2-2. Use your fingers to break up any tangles and mats as much as possible.\\nPlace the animal on a towel on the ground or a sturdy table, and sit or stand close by. Run your fingers over the animal’s fur, breaking up as many mats and tangles as you can by hand. Separate loose hairs from the mats and gently work out any knots you can, but don’t pull or tear at the animal’s fur.\\nDetangling mats can be a long process, and it can be stressful on the animal, especially if you’re yanking with a comb the whole time. Using your fingers can help soothe the animal, and will decrease the amount of time you spend pulling on the mat.\\nTry petting the animal as you detangle its fur to help calm it down. For instance, if you're detangling a mat on a cat's side, reach up every so often and stroke the cat's cheeks or chin. That way, it will associate the grooming with positive attention.\\n2-3. Break apart larger mats with a comb, working from the outside in.\\nIf you come across a mat that you can’t detangle by hand, you’ll likely need to break it up with a wide-toothed metal comb. A brush is not as effective at removing mats, because it won’t penetrate the fur as deeply. Grip the mat securely with one hand, as close to the skin as you can get. Then, try to pick apart the mat with the widest end of your comb, using short, gentle strokes. Start at the end of the mat furthest from the animal’s skin and work your way inward.\\nDo not yank on the mat, as this is likely to upset the animal. Also, avoid raking the comb directly across the animal’s skin, as this could cause irritation over time.\\nThis part of the process takes time and patience. Work in small sections, and if the animal starts getting frustrated, take a break. If it creates a negative association with the grooming process, you’ll have a harder time keeping the mats from coming back.\\nIf you're detangling the fur on a treat-motivated animal like a dog, cat, or horse, offer it treats and plenty of soft, soothing praise if it's acting calm and relaxed.\\n2-4. Saturate a stubborn mat with a detangling product for that specific animal.\\nDeep conditioning products contain oils that can help the animal’s fur slip out of the mat. If a mat is too tangled to comb out, soak it with a detangler and let it soak in for about 30 minutes. Then, come back and try to break the mat apart with your fingers or comb it apart.\\nBecause animals have different skin pHs, you should never use products intended for another animal. For example, you shouldn't use a conditioner for a horse's mane on a dog. However, you may find some detanglers that are intended for both cats and dogs. If that's the case, it should clearly say so on the label.\\nAlso, never use human skin or hair care products on an animal.\\n2-5. Go back over the area with a fine comb or brush once you remove the mat.\\nMany combs for animal grooming have a wider side and a fine-tooth side. If that’s the case, comb back through the animal’s fur with the finer side once you’ve gotten most of the mat free. This will help you catch any smaller tangles that might be left behind.\\nIf your comb is only one width, use a smaller, fine-tooth metal comb, or go over the area with the animal’s normal brush. For example, you might use a small slicker brush on a long-haired cat or a bristle brush for a dog with a medium coat.\\n3. Cutting out Mats Safely\\n3-1. Use a razor comb to try to cut out the mat first.\\nA razor comb, which may also be called a rake tool or a mat splitting tool, looks like a wide comb with long, sharp teeth. Press your hand against the animal's skin to help reduce pulling. Then, work the teeth of the razor comb under the mat and gently pull down in the direction the hair grows. Don’t yank; just allow the tool to gently slice through the matted fur as far as it will go. It may take several passes to cut through the hair holding the mat in place.\\nDoing this will remove smaller mats, but it may also help loosen the tension on larger mats, helping the animal be more comfortable as you continue.\\nYou can find these tools at most pet supply stores. Choose a size that's best for your animal. For instance, you would want a smaller razor comb for cats and small dogs, and a larger tool for larger dogs.\\nThis tool is very sharp, so always use caution when you’re using it. Also, be sure to always have the sharp ends pointing upward, away from the animal’s skin. Similarly, don't apply too much pressure on the tool, as it's easy to accidentally rake the skin and cause injury. Take special care around angled areas like the legs and tail.\\n3-2. Cut out large, stubborn mats with hair clippers.\\nUse your hand to pull the animal's skin as flat and tight as you can around the mat. Then, turn on the clippers and lightly run them over the very surface of the mat, moving in the direction that the fur is growing. If you need to, you can make several passes, gently running the clippers over the surface of the mat each time. However, don’t clip all the way to the animal’s skin—just stop once you’ve removed the bulk of the mat.\\nBefore you try to use clippers, make sure the animal is stable and calm, and have someone else hold it still, if you can. Speak to the animal in a soothing voice to reassure it throughout the process, and stop if it gets agitated.\\nIf you're grooming a cat, it may help to have someone gently hold it by the scruff of its neck. This can actually help calm a cat, since it's the way mother cats carry kittens when they're young.\\nIf the animal is so matted that it needs to be completely shaved, take it to a professional groomer. However, if your cat typically experiences a lot of stress during grooming, it may be best to take your cat to the vet, who can sedate your cat during the removal process. Not only will this make your cat more comfortable and stress-free, it will also prevent your cat from becoming more fearful of grooming in the future.\\n3-3. Check the clippers every minute or so to make sure they aren’t too hot.\\nClippers can get really hot, which can burn the animal if you’re not careful. About every 60 seconds, turn off the clippers and lightly touch your hand to the blade. If it’s uncomfortably hot to the touch, it’s too hot for the animal. Wait a few minutes for the clippers to cool down before you turn them on again.\\nYou can also use a cooling spray designed for clippers to help keep the blade from overheating.\\n3-4. Try to detangle the fur with a comb once you’ve removed most of the mat.\\nOften, removing the outer surface of a mat will help loosen it enough that you can finish the detangling process with your fingers or a wide-tooth comb. If you still can’t loosen the mat, clip away a little more fur, or call a professional if you’re concerned you need to clip too close to the skin.\\nA detangling spray may also be useful after you’ve removed the bulk of the mat. Saturate the animal’s fur with the spray and let it sit for about 30 minutes, or the amount of time recommended on the product label. Then, gently comb the animal’s fur to loosen any remaining tangles.\\nTips\\nTo prevent mats in the future, groom the animal regularly. The more consistent you are, the more likely the animal is to accept and even enjoy being groomed.\\nTake breaks to keep the animal from becoming overwhelmed.\\nWarnings\\nDo not use scissors to cut mats out of an animal’s fur. You could accidentally cut it or yourself.\\nIf an animal seems scared or aggressive, take it to a professional. The animal may need to be sedated in order to safely remove the mats from its fur.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Matted fur can be really uncomfortable for an animal. The tangles pull on the animal’s skin, which can lead to irritation and even infections. Luckily, in some cases, you may be able to remove the mat yourself. Try gently combing through the mat, using a detangler if necessary. If that doesn’t work, you may need to carefully cut the mat away. Of course, if you have any hesitation or concerns, bring the animal to a veterinarian or a professional groomer to get it checked out!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Assessing the Mat\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Try combing the mat first if you can work your fingers into it.\", \"描述\": \"Press the mat between your thumb and first finger, or your first 2 fingers if the mat is very large. If the matted fur separates beneath your fingers, or your finger and thumb touch through the fur, you may be able to use a comb to gently detangle the mat.\\nTypically, the earlier you can catch a mat, the easier it will be to detangle. That’s why you should examine your pet’s coat daily, especially if the animal has long hair that’s prone to tangling.\\nIf the fur is matted together to the point that it feels hard, trying to detangle it may cause unnecessary pain or stress to the animal, and it could even cause it to become aggressive.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cut the mat if the fur is matted tightly but it’s not against the animal’s skin.\", \"描述\": \"Even if the mat is too serious to detangle with a comb, you may still be able to remove it yourself. If you can work your fingers beneath the mat and clearly feel that there’s a separation between the tangled fur and the skin, you may be able to safely cut the mat away.\\nIf you have any question about whether it’s safe to cut the mat, take the animal to a vet or a professional groomer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Call a professional groomer if the mat is tight against the skin.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes, when fur gets really matted, it can press tightly against the animal’s skin. Folds of skin can even become trapped in the mat, which can lead to a severe laceration if you try to cut it away.\\nYou should also call a professional groomer if the mat is somewhere very sensitive, like on the abdomen, under the neck, or around the genitals, or if the animal is scared or aggressive.\\nCats, in particular, can be very skittish when you're working around their abdomen, even if they're normally very tame. A scared cat might curl around your hand, kicking with its back feet and gripping you with its front claws as it tries to bite you. A professional will know how to avoid these dangerous situations.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"See your vet if there is any irritation on the skin under the mat.\", \"描述\": \"If you notice any redness, inflammation, or broken skin beneath the mat, the problem might be too serious for even a professional groomer. Instead, have the animal examined by a vet and ask them how to proceed.\\nSerious issues, including irritation and infection, can occur when a mat sits against an animal’s skin for a long period of time.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Combing Mats and Tangles\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don't wash the animal before you try to remove any mats.\", \"描述\": \"When you see an animal with dirty, matted fur, it might be tempting to give it a good bath right away. However, if you wash the animal before you detangle its fur, the mats will tighten up as they dry, which will make them even harder to remove.\\nIn addition, the mats might prevent the soapy water from penetrating the fur all the way to the skin, making the bath ineffective.\\nIf you're detangling dog hair, you may want to bathe the dog after you detangle its fur. However, avoid bathing a cat unless its fur is greasy or smelly. They typically groom themselves, and you'll just stress it out.\\nIf the mat is in a horse’s mane, you can use a special horse shampoo to wash its mane after you finish detangling it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use your fingers to break up any tangles and mats as much as possible.\", \"描述\": \"Place the animal on a towel on the ground or a sturdy table, and sit or stand close by. Run your fingers over the animal’s fur, breaking up as many mats and tangles as you can by hand. Separate loose hairs from the mats and gently work out any knots you can, but don’t pull or tear at the animal’s fur.\\nDetangling mats can be a long process, and it can be stressful on the animal, especially if you’re yanking with a comb the whole time. Using your fingers can help soothe the animal, and will decrease the amount of time you spend pulling on the mat.\\nTry petting the animal as you detangle its fur to help calm it down. For instance, if you're detangling a mat on a cat's side, reach up every so often and stroke the cat's cheeks or chin. That way, it will associate the grooming with positive attention.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Break apart larger mats with a comb, working from the outside in.\", \"描述\": \"If you come across a mat that you can’t detangle by hand, you’ll likely need to break it up with a wide-toothed metal comb. A brush is not as effective at removing mats, because it won’t penetrate the fur as deeply. Grip the mat securely with one hand, as close to the skin as you can get. Then, try to pick apart the mat with the widest end of your comb, using short, gentle strokes. Start at the end of the mat furthest from the animal’s skin and work your way inward.\\nDo not yank on the mat, as this is likely to upset the animal. Also, avoid raking the comb directly across the animal’s skin, as this could cause irritation over time.\\nThis part of the process takes time and patience. Work in small sections, and if the animal starts getting frustrated, take a break. If it creates a negative association with the grooming process, you’ll have a harder time keeping the mats from coming back.\\nIf you're detangling the fur on a treat-motivated animal like a dog, cat, or horse, offer it treats and plenty of soft, soothing praise if it's acting calm and relaxed.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Saturate a stubborn mat with a detangling product for that specific animal.\", \"描述\": \"Deep conditioning products contain oils that can help the animal’s fur slip out of the mat. If a mat is too tangled to comb out, soak it with a detangler and let it soak in for about 30 minutes. Then, come back and try to break the mat apart with your fingers or comb it apart.\\nBecause animals have different skin pHs, you should never use products intended for another animal. For example, you shouldn't use a conditioner for a horse's mane on a dog. However, you may find some detanglers that are intended for both cats and dogs. If that's the case, it should clearly say so on the label.\\nAlso, never use human skin or hair care products on an animal.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Go back over the area with a fine comb or brush once you remove the mat.\", \"描述\": \"Many combs for animal grooming have a wider side and a fine-tooth side. If that’s the case, comb back through the animal’s fur with the finer side once you’ve gotten most of the mat free. This will help you catch any smaller tangles that might be left behind.\\nIf your comb is only one width, use a smaller, fine-tooth metal comb, or go over the area with the animal’s normal brush. For example, you might use a small slicker brush on a long-haired cat or a bristle brush for a dog with a medium coat.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cutting out Mats Safely\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a razor comb to try to cut out the mat first.\", \"描述\": \"A razor comb, which may also be called a rake tool or a mat splitting tool, looks like a wide comb with long, sharp teeth. Press your hand against the animal's skin to help reduce pulling. Then, work the teeth of the razor comb under the mat and gently pull down in the direction the hair grows. Don’t yank; just allow the tool to gently slice through the matted fur as far as it will go. It may take several passes to cut through the hair holding the mat in place.\\nDoing this will remove smaller mats, but it may also help loosen the tension on larger mats, helping the animal be more comfortable as you continue.\\nYou can find these tools at most pet supply stores. Choose a size that's best for your animal. For instance, you would want a smaller razor comb for cats and small dogs, and a larger tool for larger dogs.\\nThis tool is very sharp, so always use caution when you’re using it. Also, be sure to always have the sharp ends pointing upward, away from the animal’s skin. Similarly, don't apply too much pressure on the tool, as it's easy to accidentally rake the skin and cause injury. Take special care around angled areas like the legs and tail.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cut out large, stubborn mats with hair clippers.\", \"描述\": \"Use your hand to pull the animal's skin as flat and tight as you can around the mat. Then, turn on the clippers and lightly run them over the very surface of the mat, moving in the direction that the fur is growing. If you need to, you can make several passes, gently running the clippers over the surface of the mat each time. However, don’t clip all the way to the animal’s skin—just stop once you’ve removed the bulk of the mat.\\nBefore you try to use clippers, make sure the animal is stable and calm, and have someone else hold it still, if you can. Speak to the animal in a soothing voice to reassure it throughout the process, and stop if it gets agitated.\\nIf you're grooming a cat, it may help to have someone gently hold it by the scruff of its neck. This can actually help calm a cat, since it's the way mother cats carry kittens when they're young.\\nIf the animal is so matted that it needs to be completely shaved, take it to a professional groomer. However, if your cat typically experiences a lot of stress during grooming, it may be best to take your cat to the vet, who can sedate your cat during the removal process. Not only will this make your cat more comfortable and stress-free, it will also prevent your cat from becoming more fearful of grooming in the future.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Check the clippers every minute or so to make sure they aren’t too hot.\", \"描述\": \"Clippers can get really hot, which can burn the animal if you’re not careful. About every 60 seconds, turn off the clippers and lightly touch your hand to the blade. If it’s uncomfortably hot to the touch, it’s too hot for the animal. Wait a few minutes for the clippers to cool down before you turn them on again.\\nYou can also use a cooling spray designed for clippers to help keep the blade from overheating.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try to detangle the fur with a comb once you’ve removed most of the mat.\", \"描述\": \"Often, removing the outer surface of a mat will help loosen it enough that you can finish the detangling process with your fingers or a wide-tooth comb. If you still can’t loosen the mat, clip away a little more fur, or call a professional if you’re concerned you need to clip too close to the skin.\\nA detangling spray may also be useful after you’ve removed the bulk of the mat. Saturate the animal’s fur with the spray and let it sit for about 30 minutes, or the amount of time recommended on the product label. Then, gently comb the animal’s fur to loosen any remaining tangles.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"To prevent mats in the future, groom the animal regularly. The more consistent you are, the more likely the animal is to accept and even enjoy being groomed.\\n\", \"Take breaks to keep the animal from becoming overwhelmed.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Do not use scissors to cut mats out of an animal’s fur. You could accidentally cut it or yourself.\\n\", \"If an animal seems scared or aggressive, take it to a professional. The animal may need to be sedated in order to safely remove the mats from its fur.\\n\"]}]}}",
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wikihow
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7,062 |
How to Brush Teeth Without Toothpaste
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1. Brush with water.
Brushing with water is better than nothing.
Run your toothbrush under the sink and vigorously scrub your teeth, tongue, and gums. If you don’t have a toothbrush, simply swish water around your mouth to loosen up plaque and bacteria. This isn’t a great long-term solution, but it can help you out for a night or two.
Unfortunately, brushing with water probably won’t freshen your breath.
2. Brush with baking soda.
It’s a mild abrasive that can scrub off plaque and bacteria.
Simply sprinkle a bit of baking soda onto your toothpaste, get it wet, then start brushing! It’s not quite as good as regular toothpaste, but it will help freshen your teeth and get rid of any buildup.
If you don’t have a toothbrush available, just sprinkle the baking soda onto your finger and brush your teeth like that instead.
3. Scrub with sea salt.
It’s another mild abrasive that can get rid of plaque.
Add a pinch of sea salt to a cup full of warm water, then let it dissolve. Dip your toothbrush into the mixture and brush your teeth with it to freshen up your mouth when you don’t have toothpaste.
Always dilute sea salt with water before brushing. Scrubbing your teeth with straight sea salt can damage the enamel on your teeth.
4. Try mouthwash.
Give your mouth a quick pick-me-up with minty mouthwash.
Simply pour a capful into your mouth, swish it for 60 seconds, and spit it back out. It will help freshen your breath and tide you over until you can get some toothpaste again.
Try not to use mouthwash as a long-term replacement for brushing your teeth. It can help in the short-term, but nothing beats a good scrubbing with a toothbrush and toothpaste.
Rinsing with mouthwash is better than nothing, especially if you don’t have a toothbrush around. It will help to freshen your breath and get rid of some of the bacteria that builds up on your teeth.
5. Floss if you can.
It will help remove food particles and plaque.
If you don’t have toothpaste but you do have access to floss, go through and clean out in between each individual tooth. It’s not quite as good as brushing with toothpaste, but it can tide you over for a little bit.
It’s always a good idea to keep some floss with you in a travel or overnight bag.
6. Irrigate your mouth with a water flosser.
Water flossers clean between and around your teeth.
Fill up the base of your water flosser with water and point it inside of your mouth. Turn the flosser on and slowly work your way across each tooth, focusing on the spaces in between each one.
You can buy water flossers at most drugstores. They’re great to use if you’re at risk for cavities or gum disease.
7. Chew sugarless gum.
Gum helps freshen your breath and loosen up food particles.
If you don’t have toothpaste, pop a piece of sugarless gum in your mouth. You’ll feel refreshed and make your breath smell great!
Make sure the gum you choose is sugarless. Chewing gum with sugar in it can add plaque and bacteria to your mouth.
8. Eat some veggies.
Fiber-rich vegetables can help clean your teeth.
If you’re really in a pinch, reach for some celery, carrots, or even an apple to scrub away plaque and clean your gums. Be aware, though, that eating fruits and veggies probably won’t freshen your breath.
Fiber-rich fruits and vegetables also help get your saliva flowing, which can wash away plaque and bacteria.
9. Drink green or black tea.
Both teas help to kill or hold off bad bacteria.
Brew a pot of green or black tea and drink a cup after a meal to prevent bacteria from growing or stop it from making it worse. While drinking tea isn’t a replacement for brushing your teeth, it can be a nice way to freshen up your mouth during the day.
Tips
Try not to depend on any of these methods alone. The best way to keep your teeth clean is to brush twice a day with real toothpaste.[10]
X
Research source
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Brush with water.\\nBrushing with water is better than nothing.\\nRun your toothbrush under the sink and vigorously scrub your teeth, tongue, and gums. If you don’t have a toothbrush, simply swish water around your mouth to loosen up plaque and bacteria. This isn’t a great long-term solution, but it can help you out for a night or two.\\nUnfortunately, brushing with water probably won’t freshen your breath.\\n2. Brush with baking soda.\\nIt’s a mild abrasive that can scrub off plaque and bacteria.\\nSimply sprinkle a bit of baking soda onto your toothpaste, get it wet, then start brushing! It’s not quite as good as regular toothpaste, but it will help freshen your teeth and get rid of any buildup.\\nIf you don’t have a toothbrush available, just sprinkle the baking soda onto your finger and brush your teeth like that instead.\\n3. Scrub with sea salt.\\nIt’s another mild abrasive that can get rid of plaque.\\nAdd a pinch of sea salt to a cup full of warm water, then let it dissolve. Dip your toothbrush into the mixture and brush your teeth with it to freshen up your mouth when you don’t have toothpaste.\\nAlways dilute sea salt with water before brushing. Scrubbing your teeth with straight sea salt can damage the enamel on your teeth.\\n4. Try mouthwash.\\nGive your mouth a quick pick-me-up with minty mouthwash.\\nSimply pour a capful into your mouth, swish it for 60 seconds, and spit it back out. It will help freshen your breath and tide you over until you can get some toothpaste again.\\nTry not to use mouthwash as a long-term replacement for brushing your teeth. It can help in the short-term, but nothing beats a good scrubbing with a toothbrush and toothpaste.\\nRinsing with mouthwash is better than nothing, especially if you don’t have a toothbrush around. It will help to freshen your breath and get rid of some of the bacteria that builds up on your teeth.\\n5. Floss if you can.\\nIt will help remove food particles and plaque.\\nIf you don’t have toothpaste but you do have access to floss, go through and clean out in between each individual tooth. It’s not quite as good as brushing with toothpaste, but it can tide you over for a little bit.\\nIt’s always a good idea to keep some floss with you in a travel or overnight bag.\\n6. Irrigate your mouth with a water flosser.\\nWater flossers clean between and around your teeth.\\nFill up the base of your water flosser with water and point it inside of your mouth. Turn the flosser on and slowly work your way across each tooth, focusing on the spaces in between each one.\\nYou can buy water flossers at most drugstores. They’re great to use if you’re at risk for cavities or gum disease.\\n7. Chew sugarless gum.\\nGum helps freshen your breath and loosen up food particles.\\nIf you don’t have toothpaste, pop a piece of sugarless gum in your mouth. You’ll feel refreshed and make your breath smell great!\\nMake sure the gum you choose is sugarless. Chewing gum with sugar in it can add plaque and bacteria to your mouth.\\n8. Eat some veggies.\\nFiber-rich vegetables can help clean your teeth.\\nIf you’re really in a pinch, reach for some celery, carrots, or even an apple to scrub away plaque and clean your gums. Be aware, though, that eating fruits and veggies probably won’t freshen your breath.\\nFiber-rich fruits and vegetables also help get your saliva flowing, which can wash away plaque and bacteria.\\n9. Drink green or black tea.\\nBoth teas help to kill or hold off bad bacteria.\\nBrew a pot of green or black tea and drink a cup after a meal to prevent bacteria from growing or stop it from making it worse. While drinking tea isn’t a replacement for brushing your teeth, it can be a nice way to freshen up your mouth during the day.\\nTips\\nTry not to depend on any of these methods alone. The best way to keep your teeth clean is to brush twice a day with real toothpaste.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Whether you’re out traveling or you’re stuck at home, running out of toothpaste can be a huge bummer. Fortunately, there are a few ways you can “brush” your teeth even if you don’t have the essentials nearby. Take a look at this list to learn how you can keep your teeth clean for a few days until you can go out to grab some toothpaste again.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brush with water.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brushing with water is better than nothing.\", \"描述\": \"Run your toothbrush under the sink and vigorously scrub your teeth, tongue, and gums. If you don’t have a toothbrush, simply swish water around your mouth to loosen up plaque and bacteria. This isn’t a great long-term solution, but it can help you out for a night or two.\\nUnfortunately, brushing with water probably won’t freshen your breath.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Brush with baking soda.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It’s a mild abrasive that can scrub off plaque and bacteria.\", \"描述\": \"Simply sprinkle a bit of baking soda onto your toothpaste, get it wet, then start brushing! It’s not quite as good as regular toothpaste, but it will help freshen your teeth and get rid of any buildup.\\nIf you don’t have a toothbrush available, just sprinkle the baking soda onto your finger and brush your teeth like that instead.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Scrub with sea salt.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It’s another mild abrasive that can get rid of plaque.\", \"描述\": \"Add a pinch of sea salt to a cup full of warm water, then let it dissolve. Dip your toothbrush into the mixture and brush your teeth with it to freshen up your mouth when you don’t have toothpaste.\\nAlways dilute sea salt with water before brushing. Scrubbing your teeth with straight sea salt can damage the enamel on your teeth.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try mouthwash.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Give your mouth a quick pick-me-up with minty mouthwash.\", \"描述\": \"Simply pour a capful into your mouth, swish it for 60 seconds, and spit it back out. It will help freshen your breath and tide you over until you can get some toothpaste again.\\nTry not to use mouthwash as a long-term replacement for brushing your teeth. It can help in the short-term, but nothing beats a good scrubbing with a toothbrush and toothpaste.\\nRinsing with mouthwash is better than nothing, especially if you don’t have a toothbrush around. It will help to freshen your breath and get rid of some of the bacteria that builds up on your teeth.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Floss if you can.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It will help remove food particles and plaque.\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t have toothpaste but you do have access to floss, go through and clean out in between each individual tooth. It’s not quite as good as brushing with toothpaste, but it can tide you over for a little bit.\\nIt’s always a good idea to keep some floss with you in a travel or overnight bag.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Irrigate your mouth with a water flosser.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Water flossers clean between and around your teeth.\", \"描述\": \"Fill up the base of your water flosser with water and point it inside of your mouth. Turn the flosser on and slowly work your way across each tooth, focusing on the spaces in between each one.\\nYou can buy water flossers at most drugstores. They’re great to use if you’re at risk for cavities or gum disease.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Chew sugarless gum.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gum helps freshen your breath and loosen up food particles.\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t have toothpaste, pop a piece of sugarless gum in your mouth. You’ll feel refreshed and make your breath smell great!\\nMake sure the gum you choose is sugarless. Chewing gum with sugar in it can add plaque and bacteria to your mouth.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Eat some veggies.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Fiber-rich vegetables can help clean your teeth.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re really in a pinch, reach for some celery, carrots, or even an apple to scrub away plaque and clean your gums. Be aware, though, that eating fruits and veggies probably won’t freshen your breath.\\nFiber-rich fruits and vegetables also help get your saliva flowing, which can wash away plaque and bacteria.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Drink green or black tea.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Both teas help to kill or hold off bad bacteria.\", \"描述\": \"Brew a pot of green or black tea and drink a cup after a meal to prevent bacteria from growing or stop it from making it worse. While drinking tea isn’t a replacement for brushing your teeth, it can be a nice way to freshen up your mouth during the day.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Try not to depend on any of these methods alone. The best way to keep your teeth clean is to brush twice a day with real toothpaste.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
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7,063 |
How to Brush Your Dog
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1. Brushing with Good Technique
1-1. Prepare your dog.
Find a safe, quiet place to brush your dog. If the weather is nice, outdoors is a good bet because you won't have to worry as much about cleaning up the dead hair. Make sure your dog feels comfortable with you, and speak in a calm, reassuring voice throughout the grooming session.
Ask your dog to sit, and then give them a treat. Always try to start your grooming ritual on a good note.
Let your dog sniff the brushes and tools you are using, before you begin.
1-2. Be systematic about brushing.
Try to follow a regular schedule, and brush short and medium haired pets about once a week. Long haired dogs usually need to be brushed daily. For all brushing steps, begin at your dog's head and work toward his tail. Brushing the same way every time will help keep you from skipping a step, and will also be reassuring for your dog.
Some professional groomers say that starting with the tail and working forward helps keep very nervous dogs calm, because they can't see what is happening at first.
If you plan to bathe your dog, brush her first. Tangles become tighter and harder to remove when they are wet.
1-3. Spray on some coat conditioner.
If your pet has very tangled hair, or if he has long hair that is prone to mats, spray on a commercial pet coat product such as mink oil before brushing. This will help loosen knots and tangles.
1-4. Use a rubber brush or curry comb to loosen dead skin and dirt.
Rubber curry combs are great to use on the paws, ears, and tail, as long as you work gently. Using the rubber comb in a gentle, circular motion all over your dog will help distribute oils and keep her coat soft and shiny.
Never use a metal curry comb on your dog – these are used to clean fur out of other brushes. Metal curry combs are too harsh to use on your pet's delicate skin.
1-5. Use firm, but gentle strokes.
On thick coats, brush against the grain starting at the skin and brushing outward. Then start over, brushing in the same direction as hair growth. For all other coats, brush in the same direction the hair grows.
Brush the hair close to your pet's skin, but do not brush the skin itself. This can cause red, irritated skin called “brush burn,” which may need to be treated by your vet.
Use long strokes for long-haired dogs.
Use short strokes for dogs with short or wiry hair.
If you're using a soft-bristled brush, brush lightly but quickly, following the direction of the fur.
1-6. Brush in the same order every time.
Brush your dog's neck ruff and any feathering on her legs. If your dog has longer hair around his neck on on his legs, you may want to use a comb to detangle any knots before brushing. Then gently brush his underbelly, sides, back, rear end, hind legs, and tail.
Be very careful when brushing your pet's delicate underbelly. Never brush directly on the skin.
Also be very careful when brushing his face – for most dogs, facial hair can be groomed with a damp cloth. Longer hair can be gently groomed with a comb.
1-7. Groom your dog's ears.
Cleaning your dog's ears weekly will be make him feel more comfortable, and will help avoid ear infections. If your dog has long hair on his ears, trim it gently with scissors. Check the area thoroughly for ear mites, ticks, and fleas. Then use a cotton ball or piece of surgical gauze soaked in an ear cleaning solution, or a baby wipe wrapped around your finger and gently wipe the inside surface of your dog’s ears.
Avoid using water in your dog's ears – it doesn’t evaporate very easily and can lead to ear infections.
Never use Q-tips or try to put anything in your dog's ear canal – this can easily cause a painful ear injury.
If you notice an unusual smell or a discharge coming from your dog’s ears, bring it to your veterinarian’s attention.
1-8. Take care of your pet's feet.
Keeping the hair on your dog's feet neat and tidy not only looks good, it reduces the number of things that will get caught there, like burrs, road tar, ice chunks, bugs, and road tar. Trim the hair on the top of your dog's foot carefully with scissors, along with the hair on the bottom of his paw so that the hair is about even with the pads of his foot. Do not try to trim the hair between the toes or pads of the feet – you could injure your dog if he moves suddenly.
1-9. Remove any remaining loose, dead hair.
Follow with a comb on long haired dogs to remove loose hair. You can also use a small, hand-held vacuum if you are careful and your dog isn't afraid of the noise. If your dog has a smooth, short coat like a Chihuahua or Boxer, use a chamois cloth to polish her coat.
1-10. Tailor your grooming routine to your dog's specific breed.
Various breeds of dogs have different types of coats, and they each have their own grooming requirements. How frequently you need to groom, are based on three main factors: whether his coat is short or long (over one inch), whether he has a single or double coat, and whether he has feathering (longer fringe on the neck, ears, legs, and tail.)
Breeds with long, silky, single coats – such as Maltese and Yorkshire Terriers – are highly prone to tangles. Comb these dogs daily, or at a minimum once every two days.
Breeds with feathering – such as Cocker Spaniels, Shih Tzus, Lhasa Apsos, Irish Setters, and Golden Retrievers – will require frequent combing along with brushing.
Double coated dogs – such as Pomeranians, Shetland Sheepdogs, Siberian Huskies, and Samoyeds – shed more than other dogs, and their undercoat needs to be brushed thoroughly during shedding seasons.
Many short haired breeds – such as Chihuahuas, Labrador Retrievers, and Greyhounds – can go as long as two weeks between brushing.
1-11. Avoid over-grooming.
Try to stick to a regular routine when brushing or bathing, and always work gently. It's difficult to hurt your dog by brushing him too often, but brushing too hard or with the wrong type of brush – for example, a slicker brush on a short-haired breed – can cause painful skin irritation.
Bathing too often can strip the natural oils from your pet's skin, causing dry, itchy patches.
Bathing without the proper coat conditioning can dry his coat, making it brittle and dry.
2. Removing Mats and Tangles
2-1. Apply coat conditioner directly to the mat.
Use a generous amount of a commercial conditioner and massage it into the affected area. If a small mat isn't treated immediately, it can turn into a serious and painful problem. Coat conditioner helps to loosen the tangles so you can remove them more easily.
2-2. Untangle the mat slowly.
Mats can be very hard, packed with dirt and hair, and can become jammed against your dog's skin. Even very small mats made of five or ten hairs can pull the skin under the dog’s arms and can cause infections from the transfer of bacteria around genital areas. Parasites like ticks and fleas also like to hide in mats, so you should always take care of them as soon as possible.
Try to untangle the mat manually with your fingers before you begin with the comb.
Use the wide teeth of the comb first, holding the mat firmly in your fingers so you don't pull your dog's hair when you pull at the mat.
Use the finer teeth of the comb once you have broken up most of the mat.
2-3. Be patient with your dog, and give him breaks if necessary.
This is a difficult process for your dog, as well, and if he moves or jerks while you are grooming him you might accidentally hurt him. If you are rough or impatient while grooming your dog, it can erode the trust between you.
Remember that most dogs will try to chew out a hair tangle when it starts to bother them, so the area may already be quite sensitive before you begin.
2-4. Use scissors sparingly.
If you can't remove the tangle you may be able to cut it out with scissors. Put the comb in your dog's hair between the tangle and his skin, then cut the mat out with scissors. This will help you avoid cutting your dog.
2-5. Reward your dog.
When you finish your grooming session, always reward your dog with a nice to treat to thank them for being patient. This will encourage them to look forward to the next grooming session.
2-6. Avoid shaving your double coated dog.
With proper grooming, shaving any breed of dog is rarely necessary, and should only be done on the advice of your vet or a trusted professional groomer. You should never shave your dog if you have one of the double-coated breeds, like Pomeranians, Shetland Sheepdogs, Siberian Huskies, Samoyeds. The outer coat on a double coated dog protects them from extreme heat and cold, UV rays, and bug bites.
Groom your dog's undercoat more thoroughly in the Spring and other shedding periods. If the undercoat becomes matted, air can't circulate between the outer coat and the skin and your dog loses his ability to stay cool in warm weather.
Shaving the undercoat will not prevent shedding.
Some dogs, especially older dogs, will not regrow their top coat after being shaved. They will be left with a patchy, scruffy undercoat and no protective outer coat – permanently.
3. Choosing the Right Brush
3-1. Use a bristle brush for almost any type of coat.
For breeds with longer hair, choose a brush with longer bristles in more widely spaced rows. For shorter coats, choose a brush with shorter bristles that are closer together. For softer hair, use a soft-bristled brush. For very coarse hair, choose a brush with very stiff bristles.
3-2. Use a wire-pin brush for long or curly coats.
Wire-pin brushes are made with or without rubber tips on the wire bristles. Try this type of brush if your dog has an especially wooly or curly coat, or if he has medium to long hair of any type.
3-3. Try a slicker brush to remove tangles.
A slicker brush has very fine wire bristles and is very good at removing mats, burrs, and tangles. A wood-handled comb is also used for this purpose - try to find one with a set of wide teeth and a set of finer teeth.
3-4. Try an undercoat rake on very thick fur.
If your dog has very thick fur with an insulating undercoat, such as an Akita, this rake will help groom this thick hair. An undercoat rake is very versatile and can also be used on other dogs, or even long-haired cats.
3-5. Use a rubber curry comb.
Similar to the curry combs used to groom horses, these are great for short haired breeds such as Dobermans and Beagles.
3-6. Use shedding blades with caution.
Shedding blades are designed to remove loose, dead hair. Used improperly, they will remove chunks of healthy hair and may even slice your dog's skin.
3-7. Use the correct brushes for your dog's breed.
Choose brushes that complement your dog's particular coat type. Dog brushes are designed to perform specific functions on certain types of hair. Using the wrong type of brush for your dog's coat may irritate the skin.
Smooth coat (Bull Terrier, Dachsund, Chihuahua) – Use a bristle brush once every one to two weeks, and brush against the grain to loosen and remove dead hair.
Double coat (Rottweiler, Chow, Husky and Collie) – For long or short double coats, brush weekly throughout the year and more frequently during shedding seasons. Use a slicker brush to groom the undercoat, then go over the outer coat with the same brush. Use a wide-tooth comb to groom the longer layers and remove tangles.
Wire coat, or Broken Coat (Airedales, Irish Wolfhound) Use a stripping comb lightly over your dog's back, gently pulling out the hairs to thin the overgrown, wiry coat – wire coats are not attached to the skin like other hair types, so this does not hurt your dog when done gently. Then brush the coat in layers from the skin outward with a slicker brush.
Curly coat (Poodle, Bichon Frise) - Use a slicker brush against the grain to fluff it up, then bathe and blow dry while brushing with the slicker brush with the grain.
Long coat (Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Yorkshire Terrier, Maltese) – Use a slicker brush on the coat in the direction of the hair, then go over the entire coat with a soft bristle brush.
Flocking coat or Cording coat (Bergamasco Shepherd, Komondor or Hungarian sheepdog) – These dog's coats are made of hair, not fur, which gradually clumps together to form natural “dreadlocks.” Although they have long hair, breeds with flocking coats are considered to be non-shedding. They also do not need to be brushed.
Hairless coat (Mexican Hairless, Inca Orchid, Chinese Crested) – Hairless breeds don't need to be brushed at all, but they do need to be bathed on a regular basis.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Brushing with Good Technique\\n1-1. Prepare your dog.\\nFind a safe, quiet place to brush your dog. If the weather is nice, outdoors is a good bet because you won't have to worry as much about cleaning up the dead hair. Make sure your dog feels comfortable with you, and speak in a calm, reassuring voice throughout the grooming session.\\nAsk your dog to sit, and then give them a treat. Always try to start your grooming ritual on a good note.\\nLet your dog sniff the brushes and tools you are using, before you begin.\\n1-2. Be systematic about brushing.\\nTry to follow a regular schedule, and brush short and medium haired pets about once a week. Long haired dogs usually need to be brushed daily. For all brushing steps, begin at your dog's head and work toward his tail. Brushing the same way every time will help keep you from skipping a step, and will also be reassuring for your dog.\\nSome professional groomers say that starting with the tail and working forward helps keep very nervous dogs calm, because they can't see what is happening at first.\\nIf you plan to bathe your dog, brush her first. Tangles become tighter and harder to remove when they are wet.\\n1-3. Spray on some coat conditioner.\\nIf your pet has very tangled hair, or if he has long hair that is prone to mats, spray on a commercial pet coat product such as mink oil before brushing. This will help loosen knots and tangles.\\n1-4. Use a rubber brush or curry comb to loosen dead skin and dirt.\\nRubber curry combs are great to use on the paws, ears, and tail, as long as you work gently. Using the rubber comb in a gentle, circular motion all over your dog will help distribute oils and keep her coat soft and shiny.\\nNever use a metal curry comb on your dog – these are used to clean fur out of other brushes. Metal curry combs are too harsh to use on your pet's delicate skin.\\n1-5. Use firm, but gentle strokes.\\nOn thick coats, brush against the grain starting at the skin and brushing outward. Then start over, brushing in the same direction as hair growth. For all other coats, brush in the same direction the hair grows.\\nBrush the hair close to your pet's skin, but do not brush the skin itself. This can cause red, irritated skin called “brush burn,” which may need to be treated by your vet.\\nUse long strokes for long-haired dogs.\\nUse short strokes for dogs with short or wiry hair.\\nIf you're using a soft-bristled brush, brush lightly but quickly, following the direction of the fur.\\n1-6. Brush in the same order every time.\\nBrush your dog's neck ruff and any feathering on her legs. If your dog has longer hair around his neck on on his legs, you may want to use a comb to detangle any knots before brushing. Then gently brush his underbelly, sides, back, rear end, hind legs, and tail.\\nBe very careful when brushing your pet's delicate underbelly. Never brush directly on the skin.\\nAlso be very careful when brushing his face – for most dogs, facial hair can be groomed with a damp cloth. Longer hair can be gently groomed with a comb.\\n1-7. Groom your dog's ears.\\nCleaning your dog's ears weekly will be make him feel more comfortable, and will help avoid ear infections. If your dog has long hair on his ears, trim it gently with scissors. Check the area thoroughly for ear mites, ticks, and fleas. Then use a cotton ball or piece of surgical gauze soaked in an ear cleaning solution, or a baby wipe wrapped around your finger and gently wipe the inside surface of your dog’s ears.\\nAvoid using water in your dog's ears – it doesn’t evaporate very easily and can lead to ear infections.\\nNever use Q-tips or try to put anything in your dog's ear canal – this can easily cause a painful ear injury.\\nIf you notice an unusual smell or a discharge coming from your dog’s ears, bring it to your veterinarian’s attention.\\n1-8. Take care of your pet's feet.\\nKeeping the hair on your dog's feet neat and tidy not only looks good, it reduces the number of things that will get caught there, like burrs, road tar, ice chunks, bugs, and road tar. Trim the hair on the top of your dog's foot carefully with scissors, along with the hair on the bottom of his paw so that the hair is about even with the pads of his foot. Do not try to trim the hair between the toes or pads of the feet – you could injure your dog if he moves suddenly.\\n1-9. Remove any remaining loose, dead hair.\\nFollow with a comb on long haired dogs to remove loose hair. You can also use a small, hand-held vacuum if you are careful and your dog isn't afraid of the noise. If your dog has a smooth, short coat like a Chihuahua or Boxer, use a chamois cloth to polish her coat.\\n1-10. Tailor your grooming routine to your dog's specific breed.\\nVarious breeds of dogs have different types of coats, and they each have their own grooming requirements. How frequently you need to groom, are based on three main factors: whether his coat is short or long (over one inch), whether he has a single or double coat, and whether he has feathering (longer fringe on the neck, ears, legs, and tail.)\\nBreeds with long, silky, single coats – such as Maltese and Yorkshire Terriers – are highly prone to tangles. Comb these dogs daily, or at a minimum once every two days.\\nBreeds with feathering – such as Cocker Spaniels, Shih Tzus, Lhasa Apsos, Irish Setters, and Golden Retrievers – will require frequent combing along with brushing.\\nDouble coated dogs – such as Pomeranians, Shetland Sheepdogs, Siberian Huskies, and Samoyeds – shed more than other dogs, and their undercoat needs to be brushed thoroughly during shedding seasons.\\nMany short haired breeds – such as Chihuahuas, Labrador Retrievers, and Greyhounds – can go as long as two weeks between brushing.\\n1-11. Avoid over-grooming.\\nTry to stick to a regular routine when brushing or bathing, and always work gently. It's difficult to hurt your dog by brushing him too often, but brushing too hard or with the wrong type of brush – for example, a slicker brush on a short-haired breed – can cause painful skin irritation.\\nBathing too often can strip the natural oils from your pet's skin, causing dry, itchy patches.\\nBathing without the proper coat conditioning can dry his coat, making it brittle and dry.\\n2. Removing Mats and Tangles\\n2-1. Apply coat conditioner directly to the mat.\\nUse a generous amount of a commercial conditioner and massage it into the affected area. If a small mat isn't treated immediately, it can turn into a serious and painful problem. Coat conditioner helps to loosen the tangles so you can remove them more easily.\\n2-2. Untangle the mat slowly.\\nMats can be very hard, packed with dirt and hair, and can become jammed against your dog's skin. Even very small mats made of five or ten hairs can pull the skin under the dog’s arms and can cause infections from the transfer of bacteria around genital areas. Parasites like ticks and fleas also like to hide in mats, so you should always take care of them as soon as possible.\\nTry to untangle the mat manually with your fingers before you begin with the comb.\\nUse the wide teeth of the comb first, holding the mat firmly in your fingers so you don't pull your dog's hair when you pull at the mat.\\nUse the finer teeth of the comb once you have broken up most of the mat.\\n2-3. Be patient with your dog, and give him breaks if necessary.\\nThis is a difficult process for your dog, as well, and if he moves or jerks while you are grooming him you might accidentally hurt him. If you are rough or impatient while grooming your dog, it can erode the trust between you.\\nRemember that most dogs will try to chew out a hair tangle when it starts to bother them, so the area may already be quite sensitive before you begin.\\n2-4. Use scissors sparingly.\\nIf you can't remove the tangle you may be able to cut it out with scissors. Put the comb in your dog's hair between the tangle and his skin, then cut the mat out with scissors. This will help you avoid cutting your dog.\\n2-5. Reward your dog.\\nWhen you finish your grooming session, always reward your dog with a nice to treat to thank them for being patient. This will encourage them to look forward to the next grooming session.\\n2-6. Avoid shaving your double coated dog.\\nWith proper grooming, shaving any breed of dog is rarely necessary, and should only be done on the advice of your vet or a trusted professional groomer. You should never shave your dog if you have one of the double-coated breeds, like Pomeranians, Shetland Sheepdogs, Siberian Huskies, Samoyeds. The outer coat on a double coated dog protects them from extreme heat and cold, UV rays, and bug bites.\\nGroom your dog's undercoat more thoroughly in the Spring and other shedding periods. If the undercoat becomes matted, air can't circulate between the outer coat and the skin and your dog loses his ability to stay cool in warm weather.\\nShaving the undercoat will not prevent shedding.\\nSome dogs, especially older dogs, will not regrow their top coat after being shaved. They will be left with a patchy, scruffy undercoat and no protective outer coat – permanently.\\n3. Choosing the Right Brush\\n3-1. Use a bristle brush for almost any type of coat.\\nFor breeds with longer hair, choose a brush with longer bristles in more widely spaced rows. For shorter coats, choose a brush with shorter bristles that are closer together. For softer hair, use a soft-bristled brush. For very coarse hair, choose a brush with very stiff bristles.\\n3-2. Use a wire-pin brush for long or curly coats.\\nWire-pin brushes are made with or without rubber tips on the wire bristles. Try this type of brush if your dog has an especially wooly or curly coat, or if he has medium to long hair of any type.\\n3-3. Try a slicker brush to remove tangles.\\nA slicker brush has very fine wire bristles and is very good at removing mats, burrs, and tangles. A wood-handled comb is also used for this purpose - try to find one with a set of wide teeth and a set of finer teeth.\\n3-4. Try an undercoat rake on very thick fur.\\nIf your dog has very thick fur with an insulating undercoat, such as an Akita, this rake will help groom this thick hair. An undercoat rake is very versatile and can also be used on other dogs, or even long-haired cats.\\n3-5. Use a rubber curry comb.\\nSimilar to the curry combs used to groom horses, these are great for short haired breeds such as Dobermans and Beagles.\\n3-6. Use shedding blades with caution.\\nShedding blades are designed to remove loose, dead hair. Used improperly, they will remove chunks of healthy hair and may even slice your dog's skin.\\n3-7. Use the correct brushes for your dog's breed.\\nChoose brushes that complement your dog's particular coat type. Dog brushes are designed to perform specific functions on certain types of hair. Using the wrong type of brush for your dog's coat may irritate the skin.\\nSmooth coat (Bull Terrier, Dachsund, Chihuahua) – Use a bristle brush once every one to two weeks, and brush against the grain to loosen and remove dead hair.\\nDouble coat (Rottweiler, Chow, Husky and Collie) – For long or short double coats, brush weekly throughout the year and more frequently during shedding seasons. Use a slicker brush to groom the undercoat, then go over the outer coat with the same brush. Use a wide-tooth comb to groom the longer layers and remove tangles.\\nWire coat, or Broken Coat (Airedales, Irish Wolfhound) Use a stripping comb lightly over your dog's back, gently pulling out the hairs to thin the overgrown, wiry coat – wire coats are not attached to the skin like other hair types, so this does not hurt your dog when done gently. Then brush the coat in layers from the skin outward with a slicker brush.\\nCurly coat (Poodle, Bichon Frise) - Use a slicker brush against the grain to fluff it up, then bathe and blow dry while brushing with the slicker brush with the grain.\\nLong coat (Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Yorkshire Terrier, Maltese) – Use a slicker brush on the coat in the direction of the hair, then go over the entire coat with a soft bristle brush.\\nFlocking coat or Cording coat (Bergamasco Shepherd, Komondor or Hungarian sheepdog) – These dog's coats are made of hair, not fur, which gradually clumps together to form natural “dreadlocks.” Although they have long hair, breeds with flocking coats are considered to be non-shedding. They also do not need to be brushed.\\nHairless coat (Mexican Hairless, Inca Orchid, Chinese Crested) – Hairless breeds don't need to be brushed at all, but they do need to be bathed on a regular basis.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Even if you take your dog to a professional groomer for baths and haircuts, you still need to take care of his coat in between visits. Brushing removes dead hair and removes matted clumps of hair and debris. It also distributes the natural oils in your pet's coat and stimulates blood circulation near the surface of the skin. Regular brushing gives you an opportunity to check your dog for anything out of the ordinary and take care of it, like removing wood ticks or tending to minor cuts. It's also a great way to bond with your dog.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brushing with Good Technique\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepare your dog.\", \"描述\": \"Find a safe, quiet place to brush your dog. If the weather is nice, outdoors is a good bet because you won't have to worry as much about cleaning up the dead hair. Make sure your dog feels comfortable with you, and speak in a calm, reassuring voice throughout the grooming session.\\nAsk your dog to sit, and then give them a treat. Always try to start your grooming ritual on a good note.\\nLet your dog sniff the brushes and tools you are using, before you begin.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Be systematic about brushing.\", \"描述\": \"Try to follow a regular schedule, and brush short and medium haired pets about once a week. Long haired dogs usually need to be brushed daily. For all brushing steps, begin at your dog's head and work toward his tail. Brushing the same way every time will help keep you from skipping a step, and will also be reassuring for your dog.\\nSome professional groomers say that starting with the tail and working forward helps keep very nervous dogs calm, because they can't see what is happening at first.\\nIf you plan to bathe your dog, brush her first. Tangles become tighter and harder to remove when they are wet.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Spray on some coat conditioner.\", \"描述\": \"If your pet has very tangled hair, or if he has long hair that is prone to mats, spray on a commercial pet coat product such as mink oil before brushing. This will help loosen knots and tangles.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use a rubber brush or curry comb to loosen dead skin and dirt.\", \"描述\": \"Rubber curry combs are great to use on the paws, ears, and tail, as long as you work gently. Using the rubber comb in a gentle, circular motion all over your dog will help distribute oils and keep her coat soft and shiny.\\nNever use a metal curry comb on your dog – these are used to clean fur out of other brushes. Metal curry combs are too harsh to use on your pet's delicate skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use firm, but gentle strokes.\", \"描述\": \"On thick coats, brush against the grain starting at the skin and brushing outward. Then start over, brushing in the same direction as hair growth. For all other coats, brush in the same direction the hair grows.\\nBrush the hair close to your pet's skin, but do not brush the skin itself. This can cause red, irritated skin called “brush burn,” which may need to be treated by your vet.\\nUse long strokes for long-haired dogs.\\nUse short strokes for dogs with short or wiry hair.\\nIf you're using a soft-bristled brush, brush lightly but quickly, following the direction of the fur.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Brush in the same order every time.\", \"描述\": \"Brush your dog's neck ruff and any feathering on her legs. If your dog has longer hair around his neck on on his legs, you may want to use a comb to detangle any knots before brushing. Then gently brush his underbelly, sides, back, rear end, hind legs, and tail.\\nBe very careful when brushing your pet's delicate underbelly. Never brush directly on the skin.\\nAlso be very careful when brushing his face – for most dogs, facial hair can be groomed with a damp cloth. Longer hair can be gently groomed with a comb.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Groom your dog's ears.\", \"描述\": \"Cleaning your dog's ears weekly will be make him feel more comfortable, and will help avoid ear infections. If your dog has long hair on his ears, trim it gently with scissors. Check the area thoroughly for ear mites, ticks, and fleas. Then use a cotton ball or piece of surgical gauze soaked in an ear cleaning solution, or a baby wipe wrapped around your finger and gently wipe the inside surface of your dog’s ears.\\nAvoid using water in your dog's ears – it doesn’t evaporate very easily and can lead to ear infections.\\nNever use Q-tips or try to put anything in your dog's ear canal – this can easily cause a painful ear injury.\\nIf you notice an unusual smell or a discharge coming from your dog’s ears, bring it to your veterinarian’s attention.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Take care of your pet's feet.\", \"描述\": \"Keeping the hair on your dog's feet neat and tidy not only looks good, it reduces the number of things that will get caught there, like burrs, road tar, ice chunks, bugs, and road tar. Trim the hair on the top of your dog's foot carefully with scissors, along with the hair on the bottom of his paw so that the hair is about even with the pads of his foot. Do not try to trim the hair between the toes or pads of the feet – you could injure your dog if he moves suddenly.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Remove any remaining loose, dead hair.\", \"描述\": \"Follow with a comb on long haired dogs to remove loose hair. You can also use a small, hand-held vacuum if you are careful and your dog isn't afraid of the noise. If your dog has a smooth, short coat like a Chihuahua or Boxer, use a chamois cloth to polish her coat.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Tailor your grooming routine to your dog's specific breed.\", \"描述\": \"Various breeds of dogs have different types of coats, and they each have their own grooming requirements. How frequently you need to groom, are based on three main factors: whether his coat is short or long (over one inch), whether he has a single or double coat, and whether he has feathering (longer fringe on the neck, ears, legs, and tail.)\\nBreeds with long, silky, single coats – such as Maltese and Yorkshire Terriers – are highly prone to tangles. Comb these dogs daily, or at a minimum once every two days.\\nBreeds with feathering – such as Cocker Spaniels, Shih Tzus, Lhasa Apsos, Irish Setters, and Golden Retrievers – will require frequent combing along with brushing.\\nDouble coated dogs – such as Pomeranians, Shetland Sheepdogs, Siberian Huskies, and Samoyeds – shed more than other dogs, and their undercoat needs to be brushed thoroughly during shedding seasons.\\nMany short haired breeds – such as Chihuahuas, Labrador Retrievers, and Greyhounds – can go as long as two weeks between brushing.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Avoid over-grooming.\", \"描述\": \"Try to stick to a regular routine when brushing or bathing, and always work gently. It's difficult to hurt your dog by brushing him too often, but brushing too hard or with the wrong type of brush – for example, a slicker brush on a short-haired breed – can cause painful skin irritation.\\nBathing too often can strip the natural oils from your pet's skin, causing dry, itchy patches.\\nBathing without the proper coat conditioning can dry his coat, making it brittle and dry.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Removing Mats and Tangles\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply coat conditioner directly to the mat.\", \"描述\": \"Use a generous amount of a commercial conditioner and massage it into the affected area. If a small mat isn't treated immediately, it can turn into a serious and painful problem. Coat conditioner helps to loosen the tangles so you can remove them more easily.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Untangle the mat slowly.\", \"描述\": \"Mats can be very hard, packed with dirt and hair, and can become jammed against your dog's skin. Even very small mats made of five or ten hairs can pull the skin under the dog’s arms and can cause infections from the transfer of bacteria around genital areas. Parasites like ticks and fleas also like to hide in mats, so you should always take care of them as soon as possible.\\nTry to untangle the mat manually with your fingers before you begin with the comb.\\nUse the wide teeth of the comb first, holding the mat firmly in your fingers so you don't pull your dog's hair when you pull at the mat.\\nUse the finer teeth of the comb once you have broken up most of the mat.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be patient with your dog, and give him breaks if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"This is a difficult process for your dog, as well, and if he moves or jerks while you are grooming him you might accidentally hurt him. If you are rough or impatient while grooming your dog, it can erode the trust between you.\\nRemember that most dogs will try to chew out a hair tangle when it starts to bother them, so the area may already be quite sensitive before you begin.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use scissors sparingly.\", \"描述\": \"If you can't remove the tangle you may be able to cut it out with scissors. Put the comb in your dog's hair between the tangle and his skin, then cut the mat out with scissors. This will help you avoid cutting your dog.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Reward your dog.\", \"描述\": \"When you finish your grooming session, always reward your dog with a nice to treat to thank them for being patient. This will encourage them to look forward to the next grooming session.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Avoid shaving your double coated dog.\", \"描述\": \"With proper grooming, shaving any breed of dog is rarely necessary, and should only be done on the advice of your vet or a trusted professional groomer. You should never shave your dog if you have one of the double-coated breeds, like Pomeranians, Shetland Sheepdogs, Siberian Huskies, Samoyeds. The outer coat on a double coated dog protects them from extreme heat and cold, UV rays, and bug bites.\\nGroom your dog's undercoat more thoroughly in the Spring and other shedding periods. If the undercoat becomes matted, air can't circulate between the outer coat and the skin and your dog loses his ability to stay cool in warm weather.\\nShaving the undercoat will not prevent shedding.\\nSome dogs, especially older dogs, will not regrow their top coat after being shaved. They will be left with a patchy, scruffy undercoat and no protective outer coat – permanently.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choosing the Right Brush\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a bristle brush for almost any type of coat.\", \"描述\": \"For breeds with longer hair, choose a brush with longer bristles in more widely spaced rows. For shorter coats, choose a brush with shorter bristles that are closer together. For softer hair, use a soft-bristled brush. For very coarse hair, choose a brush with very stiff bristles.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use a wire-pin brush for long or curly coats.\", \"描述\": \"Wire-pin brushes are made with or without rubber tips on the wire bristles. Try this type of brush if your dog has an especially wooly or curly coat, or if he has medium to long hair of any type.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try a slicker brush to remove tangles.\", \"描述\": \"A slicker brush has very fine wire bristles and is very good at removing mats, burrs, and tangles. A wood-handled comb is also used for this purpose - try to find one with a set of wide teeth and a set of finer teeth.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try an undercoat rake on very thick fur.\", \"描述\": \"If your dog has very thick fur with an insulating undercoat, such as an Akita, this rake will help groom this thick hair. An undercoat rake is very versatile and can also be used on other dogs, or even long-haired cats.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use a rubber curry comb.\", \"描述\": \"Similar to the curry combs used to groom horses, these are great for short haired breeds such as Dobermans and Beagles.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Use shedding blades with caution.\", \"描述\": \"Shedding blades are designed to remove loose, dead hair. Used improperly, they will remove chunks of healthy hair and may even slice your dog's skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Use the correct brushes for your dog's breed.\", \"描述\": \"Choose brushes that complement your dog's particular coat type. Dog brushes are designed to perform specific functions on certain types of hair. Using the wrong type of brush for your dog's coat may irritate the skin.\\nSmooth coat (Bull Terrier, Dachsund, Chihuahua) – Use a bristle brush once every one to two weeks, and brush against the grain to loosen and remove dead hair.\\nDouble coat (Rottweiler, Chow, Husky and Collie) – For long or short double coats, brush weekly throughout the year and more frequently during shedding seasons. Use a slicker brush to groom the undercoat, then go over the outer coat with the same brush. Use a wide-tooth comb to groom the longer layers and remove tangles.\\nWire coat, or Broken Coat (Airedales, Irish Wolfhound) Use a stripping comb lightly over your dog's back, gently pulling out the hairs to thin the overgrown, wiry coat – wire coats are not attached to the skin like other hair types, so this does not hurt your dog when done gently. Then brush the coat in layers from the skin outward with a slicker brush.\\nCurly coat (Poodle, Bichon Frise) - Use a slicker brush against the grain to fluff it up, then bathe and blow dry while brushing with the slicker brush with the grain.\\nLong coat (Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, Yorkshire Terrier, Maltese) – Use a slicker brush on the coat in the direction of the hair, then go over the entire coat with a soft bristle brush.\\nFlocking coat or Cording coat (Bergamasco Shepherd, Komondor or Hungarian sheepdog) – These dog's coats are made of hair, not fur, which gradually clumps together to form natural “dreadlocks.” Although they have long hair, breeds with flocking coats are considered to be non-shedding. They also do not need to be brushed.\\nHairless coat (Mexican Hairless, Inca Orchid, Chinese Crested) – Hairless breeds don't need to be brushed at all, but they do need to be bathed on a regular basis.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,064 |
How to Brush Your Hair
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1. Following Healthy Brushing Habits
1-1. Brush when your hair is dry to avoid breakage.
For most hair types, the best time to detangle is right before you get in the shower. Work out any major tangles or knots first so you don't have to brush your hair afterwards when it's wet and more vulnerable to breakage. If you need to straighten up your hair after the shower, use a wide-tooth comb and gently comb it smooth.
Curly hair is the exception to this rule! If your hair tangles easily, you should work out the tangles in the shower with some conditioner and a wide-tooth comb.
If your hair is very tangled, work a deep conditioner into your hair. Let it sit for a few minutes, then comb out your hair in the shower with a wide-toothed comb.
1-2. Avoid over-brushing your hair to keep it healthy.
Although many women used to aim for 100 brushstrokes a day, this can actually stress the outer layer of your hair, making it look dry and dull. Limit your brushing to once a day. Instead of following a set number, just brush until you've thoroughly worked out all of the tangles and distributed natural oils through the strands.
1-3. Spritz some hairspray on your brush to avoid creating static.
Brushing dry hair can sometimes create static electricity, which means flyaways and frizz. To prevent this, apply 2-3 spritzes of hairspray over the surface of the brush before you start brushing.
1-4. Finish with a few brushes from roots to tips for extra shine.
Brushing down from the roots will distribute the scalp's natural oils throughout the hair, giving it a healthy, shiny look. These oils will strengthen your hair, and they won't look greasy or weigh hair down.
This is also spreads the natural oils out so they don't stay concentrated at the roots, making your hair look neater and less greasy.
2. Detangling and Removing Knots
2-1. Work in a detangler, leave-in conditioner, or hair oil to loosen up tangles.
If you know that your hair tends to tangle easily, start by working a product through your strands. Spray the product directly onto your hair, or pour a small amount of product into your hands and finger-comb it through your hair.
Detangler is usually best for fine-textured hair. Use 3-4 spritzes all over your head to loosen up tangles.
Leave-in conditioners and cream conditioners work well with coarse, medium-thick, or curly hair. Use somewhere between a dime- or quarter-sized amount, depending on the length and thickness of your hair.
If you choose a hair oil, such as argan oil or macadamia oil, use between 2-5 drops. Short, thin hair will only require 2 drops, while long, coarse hair may need 4-5.
2-2. Comb the bottom 2 to 3 in (5.1 to 7.6 cm) of your hair.
Working in small sections, start by combing the tangles out of the very ends of your hair, then work your way up. Use a wide-toothed comb to comb in downward motions. This lets you tackle knots and tangles without dragging them all down toward the tips, which can damage the hair follicle.
If you have curly hair, use a wide-toothed comb and your fingers to detangle curly hair, either while your hair is damp or while you're in the shower, after you've applied conditioner. This will let the curl pass through without interrupting the natural curl pattern.
2-3. Brush or comb at tangles with light, gentle strokes.
Don't try to pull or force out the tangle, since this will only put stress on your hair. Instead, isolate the tangled section and hold it in your hand, then gently run your brush or comb over it until it loosens up. Keep working at it until the tangle is gone and you can easily run your brush through the hair.
If the tangle isn't coming out, try spraying on a few more spritzes of leave-in conditioner or detangler.
3. Choosing the Right Brush
3-1. Pick a brush made with quality materials.
Never use a cheap brush! Low-quality plastic or metal bristles can snag and rip damaged hair at its weakest points. Instead, look for quality brushes made with boar's bristle or gentle synthetic fibers. If you invest in a high-quality brush and take good care of it, it will last for years.
You can find quality brushes for sale in salons, beauty supply stores, and online.
3-2. Choose a boar bristle brush for most hair types.
If you're not sure what kind of brush to buy, boar bristle is generally a solid option. The bristles are gentle on your hair and can work on knots without ripping them out. They also promote your hair's health by distributing oils throughout the hair shaft, creating a polished, neat look.
3-3. Use a mixed-bristle brush for medium-thick hair.
The combination of boar bristle and synthetic bristle on these brushes is stiff enough to work out tangles, but gentle enough to avoid pulling out strands. The boar bristles also simultaneously provide shine by distributing your hair's natural oils.
This kind of brush is also great for blow-drying and styling.
3-4. Go for a brush with sparse nylon bristles if you have thick, coarse hair.
The synthetic bristles will glide through your thick hair more easily than boar bristle. Look for a brush with sparse, widely spaced bristles that can work through dense sections of hair without disrupting its natural shape.
If you're looking in beauty stores or salons, this option may be labeled as a “Mason Pearson” brush.
Nylon-bristled brushes are also a cheaper alternative to boar bristle.
3-5. Look for flexible bristles and a curved body if your hair is curly.
Having kinky, curly, or frizzy hair can make the brush-shopping experience a little more complicated! You may need to shop around before finding a brush that works best with your unique hair. Overall, look for a brush made with gentle bristles and a curved design that allows you to tackle thick, curly sections of hair.
For example, you could use a Denman brush, which has flexible teeth and captures hair as it sheds.
3-6. Use a plastic vented brush for brushing and styling short hair.
Choose a good-quality plastic brush, with gentle, knobbed bristles. This brush is perfect for blow-drying and brushing down short hair into a neat style without making it poofy. The spaces, or “vents,” in the brush allow hot air to reach your hair more easily and speed up the styling process.
This brush works best on men's short haircuts, pixie cuts, and anything shorter than a bob.
Knobbed bristles are also perfect for those with sensitive scalps.
4. Cleaning Your Brush
4-1. Clean your brush once every 2 weeks to remove product buildup.
The bristles of your brush can become clogged with stray hairs and product buildup, which can spread to clean hair if you don't wash your brush regularly. This will also help your brush last longer!
4-2. Mix up a bowl of shampoo and water to create a little bubble bath.
Fill a bowl with lukewarm water and pour in about 1 teaspoon (4.9 ml) of clarifying shampoo. Stir it with one finger or a plastic spoon until the water is bubbly and the shampoo has completely mixed into the water.
Use a clarifying shampoo instead of a hydrating formula to remove as much buildup as possible.
4-3. Let the brush soak in it for 3-4 minutes.
Rest the brush in the bowl, upside down, so the entire head is submerged. Letting it soak, rather than scrubbing it clean, is gentler on the bristles.
Set a timer so you don't forget about your brush and leave it soaking for too long! Wooden brushes especially shouldn't be left soaking longer than 3-4 minutes.
4-4. Rinse the brush and remove hairs with the tail of a comb.
Run lukewarm water over the brush to rinse away the shampoo solution. Use the tail end of a rat tail comb to gently rake through the bristles and pull away any stray hairs.
If you don't have a rat tail comb, you can also use the tines of a plastic fork to clear out stray hairs.
4-5. Let your brush dry upside-down on a towel.
Lay out a towel on your counter and let your brush dry for an hour or 2. This will let any trapped water drain and leave your brush feeling clean and brand-new for the next time you use it!
You can also leave your brush sitting in the sun to naturally speed up the drying process.
Warnings
Unless your hair is curly, avoid brushing your hair while it's wet. Hair is at its weakest when it's wet, so it's more prone to stretching and breakage.
Don't brush too aggressively. Use gentle, careful strokes to prevent damage and breakage.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Following Healthy Brushing Habits\\n1-1. Brush when your hair is dry to avoid breakage.\\nFor most hair types, the best time to detangle is right before you get in the shower. Work out any major tangles or knots first so you don't have to brush your hair afterwards when it's wet and more vulnerable to breakage. If you need to straighten up your hair after the shower, use a wide-tooth comb and gently comb it smooth.\\nCurly hair is the exception to this rule! If your hair tangles easily, you should work out the tangles in the shower with some conditioner and a wide-tooth comb.\\nIf your hair is very tangled, work a deep conditioner into your hair. Let it sit for a few minutes, then comb out your hair in the shower with a wide-toothed comb.\\n1-2. Avoid over-brushing your hair to keep it healthy.\\nAlthough many women used to aim for 100 brushstrokes a day, this can actually stress the outer layer of your hair, making it look dry and dull. Limit your brushing to once a day. Instead of following a set number, just brush until you've thoroughly worked out all of the tangles and distributed natural oils through the strands.\\n1-3. Spritz some hairspray on your brush to avoid creating static.\\nBrushing dry hair can sometimes create static electricity, which means flyaways and frizz. To prevent this, apply 2-3 spritzes of hairspray over the surface of the brush before you start brushing.\\n1-4. Finish with a few brushes from roots to tips for extra shine.\\nBrushing down from the roots will distribute the scalp's natural oils throughout the hair, giving it a healthy, shiny look. These oils will strengthen your hair, and they won't look greasy or weigh hair down.\\nThis is also spreads the natural oils out so they don't stay concentrated at the roots, making your hair look neater and less greasy.\\n2. Detangling and Removing Knots\\n2-1. Work in a detangler, leave-in conditioner, or hair oil to loosen up tangles.\\nIf you know that your hair tends to tangle easily, start by working a product through your strands. Spray the product directly onto your hair, or pour a small amount of product into your hands and finger-comb it through your hair.\\nDetangler is usually best for fine-textured hair. Use 3-4 spritzes all over your head to loosen up tangles.\\nLeave-in conditioners and cream conditioners work well with coarse, medium-thick, or curly hair. Use somewhere between a dime- or quarter-sized amount, depending on the length and thickness of your hair.\\nIf you choose a hair oil, such as argan oil or macadamia oil, use between 2-5 drops. Short, thin hair will only require 2 drops, while long, coarse hair may need 4-5.\\n2-2. Comb the bottom 2 to 3 in (5.1 to 7.6 cm) of your hair.\\nWorking in small sections, start by combing the tangles out of the very ends of your hair, then work your way up. Use a wide-toothed comb to comb in downward motions. This lets you tackle knots and tangles without dragging them all down toward the tips, which can damage the hair follicle.\\nIf you have curly hair, use a wide-toothed comb and your fingers to detangle curly hair, either while your hair is damp or while you're in the shower, after you've applied conditioner. This will let the curl pass through without interrupting the natural curl pattern.\\n2-3. Brush or comb at tangles with light, gentle strokes.\\nDon't try to pull or force out the tangle, since this will only put stress on your hair. Instead, isolate the tangled section and hold it in your hand, then gently run your brush or comb over it until it loosens up. Keep working at it until the tangle is gone and you can easily run your brush through the hair.\\nIf the tangle isn't coming out, try spraying on a few more spritzes of leave-in conditioner or detangler.\\n3. Choosing the Right Brush\\n3-1. Pick a brush made with quality materials.\\nNever use a cheap brush! Low-quality plastic or metal bristles can snag and rip damaged hair at its weakest points. Instead, look for quality brushes made with boar's bristle or gentle synthetic fibers. If you invest in a high-quality brush and take good care of it, it will last for years.\\nYou can find quality brushes for sale in salons, beauty supply stores, and online.\\n3-2. Choose a boar bristle brush for most hair types.\\nIf you're not sure what kind of brush to buy, boar bristle is generally a solid option. The bristles are gentle on your hair and can work on knots without ripping them out. They also promote your hair's health by distributing oils throughout the hair shaft, creating a polished, neat look.\\n3-3. Use a mixed-bristle brush for medium-thick hair.\\nThe combination of boar bristle and synthetic bristle on these brushes is stiff enough to work out tangles, but gentle enough to avoid pulling out strands. The boar bristles also simultaneously provide shine by distributing your hair's natural oils.\\nThis kind of brush is also great for blow-drying and styling.\\n3-4. Go for a brush with sparse nylon bristles if you have thick, coarse hair.\\nThe synthetic bristles will glide through your thick hair more easily than boar bristle. Look for a brush with sparse, widely spaced bristles that can work through dense sections of hair without disrupting its natural shape.\\nIf you're looking in beauty stores or salons, this option may be labeled as a “Mason Pearson” brush.\\nNylon-bristled brushes are also a cheaper alternative to boar bristle.\\n3-5. Look for flexible bristles and a curved body if your hair is curly.\\nHaving kinky, curly, or frizzy hair can make the brush-shopping experience a little more complicated! You may need to shop around before finding a brush that works best with your unique hair. Overall, look for a brush made with gentle bristles and a curved design that allows you to tackle thick, curly sections of hair.\\nFor example, you could use a Denman brush, which has flexible teeth and captures hair as it sheds.\\n3-6. Use a plastic vented brush for brushing and styling short hair.\\nChoose a good-quality plastic brush, with gentle, knobbed bristles. This brush is perfect for blow-drying and brushing down short hair into a neat style without making it poofy. The spaces, or “vents,” in the brush allow hot air to reach your hair more easily and speed up the styling process.\\nThis brush works best on men's short haircuts, pixie cuts, and anything shorter than a bob.\\nKnobbed bristles are also perfect for those with sensitive scalps.\\n4. Cleaning Your Brush\\n4-1. Clean your brush once every 2 weeks to remove product buildup.\\nThe bristles of your brush can become clogged with stray hairs and product buildup, which can spread to clean hair if you don't wash your brush regularly. This will also help your brush last longer!\\n4-2. Mix up a bowl of shampoo and water to create a little bubble bath.\\nFill a bowl with lukewarm water and pour in about 1 teaspoon (4.9 ml) of clarifying shampoo. Stir it with one finger or a plastic spoon until the water is bubbly and the shampoo has completely mixed into the water.\\nUse a clarifying shampoo instead of a hydrating formula to remove as much buildup as possible.\\n4-3. Let the brush soak in it for 3-4 minutes.\\nRest the brush in the bowl, upside down, so the entire head is submerged. Letting it soak, rather than scrubbing it clean, is gentler on the bristles.\\nSet a timer so you don't forget about your brush and leave it soaking for too long! Wooden brushes especially shouldn't be left soaking longer than 3-4 minutes.\\n4-4. Rinse the brush and remove hairs with the tail of a comb.\\nRun lukewarm water over the brush to rinse away the shampoo solution. Use the tail end of a rat tail comb to gently rake through the bristles and pull away any stray hairs.\\nIf you don't have a rat tail comb, you can also use the tines of a plastic fork to clear out stray hairs.\\n4-5. Let your brush dry upside-down on a towel.\\nLay out a towel on your counter and let your brush dry for an hour or 2. This will let any trapped water drain and leave your brush feeling clean and brand-new for the next time you use it!\\nYou can also leave your brush sitting in the sun to naturally speed up the drying process.\\nWarnings\\nUnless your hair is curly, avoid brushing your hair while it's wet. Hair is at its weakest when it's wet, so it's more prone to stretching and breakage.\\nDon't brush too aggressively. Use gentle, careful strokes to prevent damage and breakage.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Brushing your hair may sound like a straightforward task, but there are actually several things you can do to improve your brushing and keep your hair healthy and strong! Before you start working those tangles out, it's important to choose a brush or comb made of quality materials that will work well with your hair type. Always brush gently to work out tangles and distribute your hair's natural oils. Brush once a day and clean your brush every 2 weeks to keep your hair smooth, healthy, and clean!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Following Healthy Brushing Habits\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brush when your hair is dry to avoid breakage.\", \"描述\": \"For most hair types, the best time to detangle is right before you get in the shower. Work out any major tangles or knots first so you don't have to brush your hair afterwards when it's wet and more vulnerable to breakage. If you need to straighten up your hair after the shower, use a wide-tooth comb and gently comb it smooth.\\nCurly hair is the exception to this rule! If your hair tangles easily, you should work out the tangles in the shower with some conditioner and a wide-tooth comb.\\nIf your hair is very tangled, work a deep conditioner into your hair. Let it sit for a few minutes, then comb out your hair in the shower with a wide-toothed comb.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoid over-brushing your hair to keep it healthy.\", \"描述\": \"Although many women used to aim for 100 brushstrokes a day, this can actually stress the outer layer of your hair, making it look dry and dull. Limit your brushing to once a day. Instead of following a set number, just brush until you've thoroughly worked out all of the tangles and distributed natural oils through the strands.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Spritz some hairspray on your brush to avoid creating static.\", \"描述\": \"Brushing dry hair can sometimes create static electricity, which means flyaways and frizz. To prevent this, apply 2-3 spritzes of hairspray over the surface of the brush before you start brushing.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Finish with a few brushes from roots to tips for extra shine.\", \"描述\": \"Brushing down from the roots will distribute the scalp's natural oils throughout the hair, giving it a healthy, shiny look. These oils will strengthen your hair, and they won't look greasy or weigh hair down.\\nThis is also spreads the natural oils out so they don't stay concentrated at the roots, making your hair look neater and less greasy.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Detangling and Removing Knots\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work in a detangler, leave-in conditioner, or hair oil to loosen up tangles.\", \"描述\": \"If you know that your hair tends to tangle easily, start by working a product through your strands. Spray the product directly onto your hair, or pour a small amount of product into your hands and finger-comb it through your hair.\\nDetangler is usually best for fine-textured hair. Use 3-4 spritzes all over your head to loosen up tangles.\\nLeave-in conditioners and cream conditioners work well with coarse, medium-thick, or curly hair. Use somewhere between a dime- or quarter-sized amount, depending on the length and thickness of your hair.\\nIf you choose a hair oil, such as argan oil or macadamia oil, use between 2-5 drops. Short, thin hair will only require 2 drops, while long, coarse hair may need 4-5.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Comb the bottom 2 to 3 in (5.1 to 7.6 cm) of your hair.\", \"描述\": \"Working in small sections, start by combing the tangles out of the very ends of your hair, then work your way up. Use a wide-toothed comb to comb in downward motions. This lets you tackle knots and tangles without dragging them all down toward the tips, which can damage the hair follicle.\\nIf you have curly hair, use a wide-toothed comb and your fingers to detangle curly hair, either while your hair is damp or while you're in the shower, after you've applied conditioner. This will let the curl pass through without interrupting the natural curl pattern.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Brush or comb at tangles with light, gentle strokes.\", \"描述\": \"Don't try to pull or force out the tangle, since this will only put stress on your hair. Instead, isolate the tangled section and hold it in your hand, then gently run your brush or comb over it until it loosens up. Keep working at it until the tangle is gone and you can easily run your brush through the hair.\\nIf the tangle isn't coming out, try spraying on a few more spritzes of leave-in conditioner or detangler.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choosing the Right Brush\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pick a brush made with quality materials.\", \"描述\": \"Never use a cheap brush! Low-quality plastic or metal bristles can snag and rip damaged hair at its weakest points. Instead, look for quality brushes made with boar's bristle or gentle synthetic fibers. If you invest in a high-quality brush and take good care of it, it will last for years.\\nYou can find quality brushes for sale in salons, beauty supply stores, and online.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a boar bristle brush for most hair types.\", \"描述\": \"If you're not sure what kind of brush to buy, boar bristle is generally a solid option. The bristles are gentle on your hair and can work on knots without ripping them out. They also promote your hair's health by distributing oils throughout the hair shaft, creating a polished, neat look.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use a mixed-bristle brush for medium-thick hair.\", \"描述\": \"The combination of boar bristle and synthetic bristle on these brushes is stiff enough to work out tangles, but gentle enough to avoid pulling out strands. The boar bristles also simultaneously provide shine by distributing your hair's natural oils.\\nThis kind of brush is also great for blow-drying and styling.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Go for a brush with sparse nylon bristles if you have thick, coarse hair.\", \"描述\": \"The synthetic bristles will glide through your thick hair more easily than boar bristle. Look for a brush with sparse, widely spaced bristles that can work through dense sections of hair without disrupting its natural shape.\\nIf you're looking in beauty stores or salons, this option may be labeled as a “Mason Pearson” brush.\\nNylon-bristled brushes are also a cheaper alternative to boar bristle.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Look for flexible bristles and a curved body if your hair is curly.\", \"描述\": \"Having kinky, curly, or frizzy hair can make the brush-shopping experience a little more complicated! You may need to shop around before finding a brush that works best with your unique hair. Overall, look for a brush made with gentle bristles and a curved design that allows you to tackle thick, curly sections of hair.\\nFor example, you could use a Denman brush, which has flexible teeth and captures hair as it sheds.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Use a plastic vented brush for brushing and styling short hair.\", \"描述\": \"Choose a good-quality plastic brush, with gentle, knobbed bristles. This brush is perfect for blow-drying and brushing down short hair into a neat style without making it poofy. The spaces, or “vents,” in the brush allow hot air to reach your hair more easily and speed up the styling process.\\nThis brush works best on men's short haircuts, pixie cuts, and anything shorter than a bob.\\nKnobbed bristles are also perfect for those with sensitive scalps.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cleaning Your Brush\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Clean your brush once every 2 weeks to remove product buildup.\", \"描述\": \"The bristles of your brush can become clogged with stray hairs and product buildup, which can spread to clean hair if you don't wash your brush regularly. This will also help your brush last longer!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Mix up a bowl of shampoo and water to create a little bubble bath.\", \"描述\": \"Fill a bowl with lukewarm water and pour in about 1 teaspoon (4.9 ml) of clarifying shampoo. Stir it with one finger or a plastic spoon until the water is bubbly and the shampoo has completely mixed into the water.\\nUse a clarifying shampoo instead of a hydrating formula to remove as much buildup as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Let the brush soak in it for 3-4 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Rest the brush in the bowl, upside down, so the entire head is submerged. Letting it soak, rather than scrubbing it clean, is gentler on the bristles.\\nSet a timer so you don't forget about your brush and leave it soaking for too long! Wooden brushes especially shouldn't be left soaking longer than 3-4 minutes.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Rinse the brush and remove hairs with the tail of a comb.\", \"描述\": \"Run lukewarm water over the brush to rinse away the shampoo solution. Use the tail end of a rat tail comb to gently rake through the bristles and pull away any stray hairs.\\nIf you don't have a rat tail comb, you can also use the tines of a plastic fork to clear out stray hairs.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Let your brush dry upside-down on a towel.\", \"描述\": \"Lay out a towel on your counter and let your brush dry for an hour or 2. This will let any trapped water drain and leave your brush feeling clean and brand-new for the next time you use it!\\nYou can also leave your brush sitting in the sun to naturally speed up the drying process.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Unless your hair is curly, avoid brushing your hair while it's wet. Hair is at its weakest when it's wet, so it's more prone to stretching and breakage.\\n\", \"Don't brush too aggressively. Use gentle, careful strokes to prevent damage and breakage.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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7,065 |
How to Brush Your Hair to Get Waves
|
1. Using a Round Brush and a Blow-Dryer
1-1. Create loose waves with a 1 ⁄2 in (3.8 cm) round brush.
Choose a thermal ceramic round brush that has a barrel diameter that is 1 ⁄2 in (3.8 cm) or larger if you want a hairstyle akin to beach waves. A brush this size will create wide, subtle waves in your hair.
1-2. Make tight waves using a round brush that has a 1 in (2.5 cm) barrel.
Create dramatic waves in your hair using a thermal ceramic round brush that has a small barrel diameter. Waves created by smaller barrels can even serve as loose, stacking curls.
1-3. Use a wide-toothed comb to gently detangle your clean, damp hair.
Use a towel to soak up excess water from your washed hair so it is just damp. Gather your hair to one side of your head or break it into manageable sections. Use clips to hold the sections of your hair in place. Begin gently brushing the ends of your hair. Then, comb downwards higher up on your hair until you are brushing from your roots down to the ends of your hair. slowly comb up to your roots.
Although you can use any towel, your best option is a microfiber towel, which will cause less frizz.
This will prevent unnecessary tugging at the roots of your hair.
1-4. Apply a heat protection product to your hair to maintain its health.
Use a heat protection product like a blow-dry lotion, a leave-in conditioner, or heat protection spray to strengthen your hair follicles. Follow the manufacturer instructions provided on your particular product to find out how much to use and what section of your hair to apply it.
Typically, all you need to do is rub a pea-sized amount of the lotion or conditioner between your hands and work it in from the ends of your hair to the mid-shaft. Sprays will require you to spray the length of your hair.
1-5. Section off the top portion of your hair so you can style the bottom easily.
Use the end of a rat-tail comb to create a horizontal line across your scalp from ear to ear. Lift the top section up and clip it out of the way.
It is easier to brush waves into your hair when you start with the lower sections and work your way to the upper sections. This will give the illusion of layered waves.
1-6. Dry your hair about 70% to remove most of the water.
It's easiest to dry your hair most of the way before you begin styling it. Run your fingers or a brush through your hair while you dry it to speed up the process.
1-7. Use the round brush to pick up a section of hair that is as wide as the barrel.
Use the unclipped portion of your hair first, and work in small sections from one side of your head to the other. Only load the brush with a section of hair that is as wide as the barrel, as this will create defined waves. Do not overload the round brush with hair, as it will not style your hair properly and may even tangle it.
If you have thick hair, work in sections smaller than the barrel to ensure that each section of hair is styled properly.
1-8. Blow-dry the hair draped over the round brush to set the curl.
Place the brush so it is horizontal alongside your head, and hold it close to your scalp to create volume. Then, use the medium or high heat setting to begin to set the curl in your hair.
Be careful not to burn your hair or skin while doing this.
1-9. Pull the brush away from your head but don’t brush through to the end.
As the section of hair dries around the brush, slowly pull the brush away from your head in a swooping motion that resembles the shape of the letter ‘c’. Stop pulling the brush away once you reach the ends of your hair. Continue to blow-dry the section of hair while doing this.
To avoid burning your hair, make this a fluid and connected motion to when you first set the curl with the blow-dryer.
1-10. Twist the hair around the brush horizontally with no heat to finish styling.
Turn off the blow-dryer. Then, quickly roll the brush back up to the top of the hair, twisting the hair around the brush.
Be careful to not wind your hair too tightly around the round brush; otherwise, it might tangle.
1-11. Allow the curl to cool while wrapped around the brush.
Wait a minute or so for the hair to cool down naturally, or turn your blow-dryer to the cool setting and cool the curl quickly that way. Cooling the curl will create waves that will last longer throughout the day.
1-12. Spray the waved hair with hairspray as you unwind it from the round brush.
Carefully unwind the section of hair from the round brush. Set the wave with a quick spritz of hairspray. This will hold the shape of the wave for the entire day.
1-13. Continue to style small sections of your hair until it's all set in waves.
Finish styling the bottom portion of your hair 1 small section at a time. Then, unclip the top portion of your hair and repeat the process until your hair is completely styled. As a result, you should have a head full of loose waves.
2. Setting Waves by Brushing and Braiding Your Hair
2-1. Detangle the ends of your hair using a wide-toothed comb before going to bed.
Gather your hair to one side of your head or divide it in half along either of your shoulders. Grip 1–2 in (2.5–5.1 cm) above the ends of your hair, and then gently use the wide-toothed comb to detangle the strands.
Do this style on damp hair if you want tighter, more defined waves. If your hair is dry, it'll create loose, subtle waves.
2-2. Finish brushing with a soft-bristled brush, working from the ends to your scalp.
Start by brushing the ends of your hair again. Then, move the comb higher up on your hair and brush downwards. Continue combing your hair until you are brushing from your scalp down to the ends of your hair. This will minimize any unnecessary tugging from tangles. Opt for using a soft-bristled brush over one with plastic bristles, as the plastic bristles can easily weaken or break your hair strands.
Continue to use the wide-toothed comb to untangle the rest of your hair as needed. The comb will be able to work out any knots in your hair better than the soft-bristled brush will.
2-3. Create loose waves by putting your brushed hair into a single traditional braid.
Gather your hair to one side of your head. Then, divide your hair into 3 equal sections and braid it. Finish by tying off the end of the braid with a hair tie.
Just make sure to loosely braid your hair so that it is comfortable for you to sleep on.
2-4. Use multiple medium or small braids to create tighter, more sculpted waves.
The more braids you create, the smaller and denser the waves will look. Start each braid high on your scalp to create a continuous look of the waves, but do not make the braids so tight that they pull on your scalp. Then, secure the end of each braid with a hair tie if your hair typically unravels easily.
You may not need a hair tie if you have curly or textured hair.
If you have particularly thick or short hair, then divide your hair vertically down the back of your head to create 2 medium braids along each side of your head.
For extremely tight waves or crimped hair, section your hair as needed to create small braids that are about ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) wide.
2-5. Sleep on your braided hair overnight to set the waves for the following day.
The braids will create waves in your hair as you sleep. Just be careful not to position your head on your pillow so that you are bending the braid at a sharp angle. This might cause your wavy hair to have a noticeable crease in it.
This method of waving your hair is great if you want to avoid using a blow-dryer to style it.
2-6. Unbraid your hair in the morning and be careful not to knot the strands.
Remove the hair tie if you used one. Then, carefully unbraid your hair, starting at the bottom and working your way up to the top. Use your fingers to unwind the braided sections of hair, and allow your hair to fall into place naturally.
If you come across a tangle or small knot while unbraiding your hair, use your fingers to gently comb it out.
If your hair was damp before you braided it and still seems a bit damp when you wake up, then use the heat from your blow-dryer to dry the braid. Then, set the shape using the cool function on the blow-dryer. Unbraiding damp hair may cause the waves to flatten.
2-7. Separate loose, subtle waves with a wide-tooth comb to fan them out.
Gently run your wide-tooth comb through your hair to break up the soft waves. Refrain from using your hairbrush as it may cause your waves to frizz outwards.
2-8. Run your fingers through your hair to gently break up tighter waves.
Avoid using a hairbrush on small waves or crimped hair, as this will cause the waves to frizz and poof outwards. Instead, use your fingers to break up the wavy sections of hair until you achieve the desired style.
If needed, use your wide-tooth comb or a hair pick to break up the strands. Just do not comb them fully.
2-9. Set your hairstyle with hairspray to maintain the shape for the rest of the day.
Once you have your waves positioned into a style you are happy with, spray your hair with hairspray to hold the shape. For extra volume, flip your hair upside-down and spray the underside of your hair.
3. Obtaining 360 Waves with a Firm-Bristled Hair Brush
3-1. Have your hair cut so it is approximately 1 ⁄2 in (3.8 cm) in length.
Visit your local barber to trim your hair. This will create a starting point for you to shape the 360 waves into your hair. Don’t worry if your hair is not this long, as you can start forming this hairstyle with shorter hair, but it will take longer to achieve the look.
This hairstyle works best if you have short, curly hair.
3-2. Wash your hair with shampoo and conditioner to remove any oil buildup.
Use your normal shampoo and conditioning products to clean your hair. In order to properly set the 360 waves as they grow in, you'll need to limit how often you wash your hair. Take this opportunity to thoroughly clean and condition your hair.
Make sure to thoroughly rinse out the products from your hair, as the residue from the shampoo or conditioner may make it more difficult to style your hair.
3-3. Apply wave styling cream or wax into your clean hair.
Look for products that have shea butter or natural oils and are designed for creating waves. Rub 1 tsp (4.9 mL) of the cream or wax between your hands. Then, use both of your coated hands to work the product into your hair from root to tip. Continue to do this until the product is evenly dispersed throughout your hair.
Avoid using products that are primarily made with petroleum jelly, as this can cause skin irritation or acne over the time it will take to grow out the waves in your hair.
3-4. Soak a small towel in hot water to warm it.
Run the towel under hot water until the cloth becomes warm. Then, twist the towel to remove the excess water.
Continue to squeeze the towel until it is damp and is no longer dripping wet.
3-5. Rest the towel on your head for 2 minutes to help set the hair product.
Let the warm towel rest on top of your head so that it covers all of your hair for at least 2 minutes. The warmth will help the hair product to further soak into your hair and will make it easier to style.
After 2 minutes, remove the towel from your head.
3-6. Brush outwards from your cowlick at the crown of your head to style the waves.
Use a medium- or firm-bristled hairbrush to administer even brush strokes. Continue to brush around your cowlick until all of your hair has been brushed. This will create a spiral or wave formation in your hair.
For the back of your head, brush downwards from your circular cowlick. The back of your head may require more attention than the top or sides of your head, as this section of hair is most likely thicker. Make sure to brush this section of hair thoroughly.
For the top of your head, start at the front of the cowlick and brush forwards to your hairline by your forehead.
For the sides of your head, start at the cowlick and angle your brush stroke forward along the side of your head but at a downwards angle to your chin.
3-7. Protect your waves while you sleep by wearing a do-rag.
Tie a do-rag around your hair to keep it from rubbing against your pillow while you sleep. This will help to better maintain the waves as they grow in.
If you do not have a do-rag, you can also wear a skullcap or a special wave cap. However, keep in mind that a skullcap will be less effective for maintaining your style.
3-8. Refrain from washing your hair for 1-2 weeks to allow the wave to grow out.
It will take about 3 weeks of brushing to set the wave in your hair. Avoid using shampoo or conditioner in your hair for at least the first week of styling it, as the chemicals will weaken the structure of the wave pattern. If needed, wear a shower cap to protect your hair from getting overly wet or washing the product out.
If needed, you can purchase a special wave shampoo and conditioner that will allow you to gently wash your hair without damaging your waves. However, you will need to brush out your hair while in the shower if you choose to do this.
3-9. Maintain the wave shape over the next 3 weeks by brushing it daily.
Add more wave cream or wax if needed to hold the wave shape in your hair as it grows. Repeat your brushing routine every day, working outwards from your cowlick to strengthen the wave shape.
Sometimes, it may take longer than 3 weeks to properly set the waves. Continue maintaining the waves until you have achieved your desired look.
Instead of adding more wave product to your hair, you can simply dampen it with hot water.
3-10. Leave the look as is or get a haircut to define the visibility of the waves.
Visit your local barber to get your hair trimmed once the wave has grown out. Your barber will carefully cut your hair along your wave to help further define it.
Tips
Always clean out the hair from your hairbrush between uses. Hair buildup on brushes can cause more tangles in your hair when used and will make styling with the hairbrush less effective.[21]
X
Research source
Consider using a soft-bristled brush for your everyday use to strengthen your hair. Avoid using brushes that have plastic bristles, as the coarseness can quickly damage your hair and scalp. Instead, opt for soft-bristled brushes with natural bristles that will gently distribute the oils in your hair to make it healthy and strong.[22]
X
Research source
For hair that is already curly or wavy, avoid using a brush on it when it is dry as this can cause it to frizz. Instead, brush your hair while it is wet to set and soften the waves, or use a wide-toothed comb to gently separate the waves while it is dry.[23]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using a Round Brush and a Blow-Dryer\\n1-1. Create loose waves with a 1 ⁄2 in (3.8 cm) round brush.\\nChoose a thermal ceramic round brush that has a barrel diameter that is 1 ⁄2 in (3.8 cm) or larger if you want a hairstyle akin to beach waves. A brush this size will create wide, subtle waves in your hair.\\n1-2. Make tight waves using a round brush that has a 1 in (2.5 cm) barrel.\\nCreate dramatic waves in your hair using a thermal ceramic round brush that has a small barrel diameter. Waves created by smaller barrels can even serve as loose, stacking curls.\\n1-3. Use a wide-toothed comb to gently detangle your clean, damp hair.\\nUse a towel to soak up excess water from your washed hair so it is just damp. Gather your hair to one side of your head or break it into manageable sections. Use clips to hold the sections of your hair in place. Begin gently brushing the ends of your hair. Then, comb downwards higher up on your hair until you are brushing from your roots down to the ends of your hair. slowly comb up to your roots.\\nAlthough you can use any towel, your best option is a microfiber towel, which will cause less frizz.\\nThis will prevent unnecessary tugging at the roots of your hair.\\n1-4. Apply a heat protection product to your hair to maintain its health.\\nUse a heat protection product like a blow-dry lotion, a leave-in conditioner, or heat protection spray to strengthen your hair follicles. Follow the manufacturer instructions provided on your particular product to find out how much to use and what section of your hair to apply it.\\nTypically, all you need to do is rub a pea-sized amount of the lotion or conditioner between your hands and work it in from the ends of your hair to the mid-shaft. Sprays will require you to spray the length of your hair.\\n1-5. Section off the top portion of your hair so you can style the bottom easily.\\nUse the end of a rat-tail comb to create a horizontal line across your scalp from ear to ear. Lift the top section up and clip it out of the way.\\nIt is easier to brush waves into your hair when you start with the lower sections and work your way to the upper sections. This will give the illusion of layered waves.\\n1-6. Dry your hair about 70% to remove most of the water.\\nIt's easiest to dry your hair most of the way before you begin styling it. Run your fingers or a brush through your hair while you dry it to speed up the process.\\n1-7. Use the round brush to pick up a section of hair that is as wide as the barrel.\\nUse the unclipped portion of your hair first, and work in small sections from one side of your head to the other. Only load the brush with a section of hair that is as wide as the barrel, as this will create defined waves. Do not overload the round brush with hair, as it will not style your hair properly and may even tangle it.\\nIf you have thick hair, work in sections smaller than the barrel to ensure that each section of hair is styled properly.\\n1-8. Blow-dry the hair draped over the round brush to set the curl.\\nPlace the brush so it is horizontal alongside your head, and hold it close to your scalp to create volume. Then, use the medium or high heat setting to begin to set the curl in your hair.\\nBe careful not to burn your hair or skin while doing this.\\n1-9. Pull the brush away from your head but don’t brush through to the end.\\nAs the section of hair dries around the brush, slowly pull the brush away from your head in a swooping motion that resembles the shape of the letter ‘c’. Stop pulling the brush away once you reach the ends of your hair. Continue to blow-dry the section of hair while doing this.\\nTo avoid burning your hair, make this a fluid and connected motion to when you first set the curl with the blow-dryer.\\n1-10. Twist the hair around the brush horizontally with no heat to finish styling.\\nTurn off the blow-dryer. Then, quickly roll the brush back up to the top of the hair, twisting the hair around the brush.\\nBe careful to not wind your hair too tightly around the round brush; otherwise, it might tangle.\\n1-11. Allow the curl to cool while wrapped around the brush.\\nWait a minute or so for the hair to cool down naturally, or turn your blow-dryer to the cool setting and cool the curl quickly that way. Cooling the curl will create waves that will last longer throughout the day.\\n1-12. Spray the waved hair with hairspray as you unwind it from the round brush.\\nCarefully unwind the section of hair from the round brush. Set the wave with a quick spritz of hairspray. This will hold the shape of the wave for the entire day.\\n1-13. Continue to style small sections of your hair until it's all set in waves.\\nFinish styling the bottom portion of your hair 1 small section at a time. Then, unclip the top portion of your hair and repeat the process until your hair is completely styled. As a result, you should have a head full of loose waves.\\n2. Setting Waves by Brushing and Braiding Your Hair\\n2-1. Detangle the ends of your hair using a wide-toothed comb before going to bed.\\nGather your hair to one side of your head or divide it in half along either of your shoulders. Grip 1–2 in (2.5–5.1 cm) above the ends of your hair, and then gently use the wide-toothed comb to detangle the strands.\\nDo this style on damp hair if you want tighter, more defined waves. If your hair is dry, it'll create loose, subtle waves.\\n2-2. Finish brushing with a soft-bristled brush, working from the ends to your scalp.\\nStart by brushing the ends of your hair again. Then, move the comb higher up on your hair and brush downwards. Continue combing your hair until you are brushing from your scalp down to the ends of your hair. This will minimize any unnecessary tugging from tangles. Opt for using a soft-bristled brush over one with plastic bristles, as the plastic bristles can easily weaken or break your hair strands.\\nContinue to use the wide-toothed comb to untangle the rest of your hair as needed. The comb will be able to work out any knots in your hair better than the soft-bristled brush will.\\n2-3. Create loose waves by putting your brushed hair into a single traditional braid.\\nGather your hair to one side of your head. Then, divide your hair into 3 equal sections and braid it. Finish by tying off the end of the braid with a hair tie.\\nJust make sure to loosely braid your hair so that it is comfortable for you to sleep on.\\n2-4. Use multiple medium or small braids to create tighter, more sculpted waves.\\nThe more braids you create, the smaller and denser the waves will look. Start each braid high on your scalp to create a continuous look of the waves, but do not make the braids so tight that they pull on your scalp. Then, secure the end of each braid with a hair tie if your hair typically unravels easily.\\nYou may not need a hair tie if you have curly or textured hair.\\nIf you have particularly thick or short hair, then divide your hair vertically down the back of your head to create 2 medium braids along each side of your head.\\nFor extremely tight waves or crimped hair, section your hair as needed to create small braids that are about ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) wide.\\n2-5. Sleep on your braided hair overnight to set the waves for the following day.\\nThe braids will create waves in your hair as you sleep. Just be careful not to position your head on your pillow so that you are bending the braid at a sharp angle. This might cause your wavy hair to have a noticeable crease in it.\\nThis method of waving your hair is great if you want to avoid using a blow-dryer to style it.\\n2-6. Unbraid your hair in the morning and be careful not to knot the strands.\\nRemove the hair tie if you used one. Then, carefully unbraid your hair, starting at the bottom and working your way up to the top. Use your fingers to unwind the braided sections of hair, and allow your hair to fall into place naturally.\\nIf you come across a tangle or small knot while unbraiding your hair, use your fingers to gently comb it out.\\nIf your hair was damp before you braided it and still seems a bit damp when you wake up, then use the heat from your blow-dryer to dry the braid. Then, set the shape using the cool function on the blow-dryer. Unbraiding damp hair may cause the waves to flatten.\\n2-7. Separate loose, subtle waves with a wide-tooth comb to fan them out.\\nGently run your wide-tooth comb through your hair to break up the soft waves. Refrain from using your hairbrush as it may cause your waves to frizz outwards.\\n2-8. Run your fingers through your hair to gently break up tighter waves.\\nAvoid using a hairbrush on small waves or crimped hair, as this will cause the waves to frizz and poof outwards. Instead, use your fingers to break up the wavy sections of hair until you achieve the desired style.\\nIf needed, use your wide-tooth comb or a hair pick to break up the strands. Just do not comb them fully.\\n2-9. Set your hairstyle with hairspray to maintain the shape for the rest of the day.\\nOnce you have your waves positioned into a style you are happy with, spray your hair with hairspray to hold the shape. For extra volume, flip your hair upside-down and spray the underside of your hair.\\n3. Obtaining 360 Waves with a Firm-Bristled Hair Brush\\n3-1. Have your hair cut so it is approximately 1 ⁄2 in (3.8 cm) in length.\\nVisit your local barber to trim your hair. This will create a starting point for you to shape the 360 waves into your hair. Don’t worry if your hair is not this long, as you can start forming this hairstyle with shorter hair, but it will take longer to achieve the look.\\nThis hairstyle works best if you have short, curly hair.\\n3-2. Wash your hair with shampoo and conditioner to remove any oil buildup.\\nUse your normal shampoo and conditioning products to clean your hair. In order to properly set the 360 waves as they grow in, you'll need to limit how often you wash your hair. Take this opportunity to thoroughly clean and condition your hair.\\nMake sure to thoroughly rinse out the products from your hair, as the residue from the shampoo or conditioner may make it more difficult to style your hair.\\n3-3. Apply wave styling cream or wax into your clean hair.\\nLook for products that have shea butter or natural oils and are designed for creating waves. Rub 1 tsp (4.9 mL) of the cream or wax between your hands. Then, use both of your coated hands to work the product into your hair from root to tip. Continue to do this until the product is evenly dispersed throughout your hair. \\nAvoid using products that are primarily made with petroleum jelly, as this can cause skin irritation or acne over the time it will take to grow out the waves in your hair.\\n3-4. Soak a small towel in hot water to warm it.\\nRun the towel under hot water until the cloth becomes warm. Then, twist the towel to remove the excess water.\\nContinue to squeeze the towel until it is damp and is no longer dripping wet.\\n3-5. Rest the towel on your head for 2 minutes to help set the hair product.\\nLet the warm towel rest on top of your head so that it covers all of your hair for at least 2 minutes. The warmth will help the hair product to further soak into your hair and will make it easier to style.\\nAfter 2 minutes, remove the towel from your head.\\n3-6. Brush outwards from your cowlick at the crown of your head to style the waves.\\nUse a medium- or firm-bristled hairbrush to administer even brush strokes. Continue to brush around your cowlick until all of your hair has been brushed. This will create a spiral or wave formation in your hair.\\nFor the back of your head, brush downwards from your circular cowlick. The back of your head may require more attention than the top or sides of your head, as this section of hair is most likely thicker. Make sure to brush this section of hair thoroughly.\\nFor the top of your head, start at the front of the cowlick and brush forwards to your hairline by your forehead.\\nFor the sides of your head, start at the cowlick and angle your brush stroke forward along the side of your head but at a downwards angle to your chin.\\n3-7. Protect your waves while you sleep by wearing a do-rag.\\nTie a do-rag around your hair to keep it from rubbing against your pillow while you sleep. This will help to better maintain the waves as they grow in.\\nIf you do not have a do-rag, you can also wear a skullcap or a special wave cap. However, keep in mind that a skullcap will be less effective for maintaining your style.\\n3-8. Refrain from washing your hair for 1-2 weeks to allow the wave to grow out.\\nIt will take about 3 weeks of brushing to set the wave in your hair. Avoid using shampoo or conditioner in your hair for at least the first week of styling it, as the chemicals will weaken the structure of the wave pattern. If needed, wear a shower cap to protect your hair from getting overly wet or washing the product out. \\nIf needed, you can purchase a special wave shampoo and conditioner that will allow you to gently wash your hair without damaging your waves. However, you will need to brush out your hair while in the shower if you choose to do this.\\n3-9. Maintain the wave shape over the next 3 weeks by brushing it daily.\\nAdd more wave cream or wax if needed to hold the wave shape in your hair as it grows. Repeat your brushing routine every day, working outwards from your cowlick to strengthen the wave shape.\\nSometimes, it may take longer than 3 weeks to properly set the waves. Continue maintaining the waves until you have achieved your desired look.\\nInstead of adding more wave product to your hair, you can simply dampen it with hot water.\\n3-10. Leave the look as is or get a haircut to define the visibility of the waves.\\nVisit your local barber to get your hair trimmed once the wave has grown out. Your barber will carefully cut your hair along your wave to help further define it.\\nTips\\nAlways clean out the hair from your hairbrush between uses. Hair buildup on brushes can cause more tangles in your hair when used and will make styling with the hairbrush less effective.[21]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nConsider using a soft-bristled brush for your everyday use to strengthen your hair. Avoid using brushes that have plastic bristles, as the coarseness can quickly damage your hair and scalp. Instead, opt for soft-bristled brushes with natural bristles that will gently distribute the oils in your hair to make it healthy and strong.[22]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nFor hair that is already curly or wavy, avoid using a brush on it when it is dry as this can cause it to frizz. Instead, brush your hair while it is wet to set and soften the waves, or use a wide-toothed comb to gently separate the waves while it is dry.[23]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Styling your hair to create waves can be challenging if you don’t have the right tools. Use a thermal round brush and a blow-dryer to create loose, beachy waves, or brush and braid your hair before going to bed to set loose or tight waves. For short, curly hair, use a medium- or firm-bristled hairbrush to create 360 waves.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using a Round Brush and a Blow-Dryer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create loose waves with a 1 ⁄2 in (3.8 cm) round brush.\", \"描述\": \"Choose a thermal ceramic round brush that has a barrel diameter that is 1 ⁄2 in (3.8 cm) or larger if you want a hairstyle akin to beach waves. A brush this size will create wide, subtle waves in your hair.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make tight waves using a round brush that has a 1 in (2.5 cm) barrel.\", \"描述\": \"Create dramatic waves in your hair using a thermal ceramic round brush that has a small barrel diameter. Waves created by smaller barrels can even serve as loose, stacking curls.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use a wide-toothed comb to gently detangle your clean, damp hair.\", \"描述\": \"Use a towel to soak up excess water from your washed hair so it is just damp. Gather your hair to one side of your head or break it into manageable sections. Use clips to hold the sections of your hair in place. Begin gently brushing the ends of your hair. Then, comb downwards higher up on your hair until you are brushing from your roots down to the ends of your hair. slowly comb up to your roots.\\nAlthough you can use any towel, your best option is a microfiber towel, which will cause less frizz.\\nThis will prevent unnecessary tugging at the roots of your hair.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply a heat protection product to your hair to maintain its health.\", \"描述\": \"Use a heat protection product like a blow-dry lotion, a leave-in conditioner, or heat protection spray to strengthen your hair follicles. Follow the manufacturer instructions provided on your particular product to find out how much to use and what section of your hair to apply it.\\nTypically, all you need to do is rub a pea-sized amount of the lotion or conditioner between your hands and work it in from the ends of your hair to the mid-shaft. Sprays will require you to spray the length of your hair.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Section off the top portion of your hair so you can style the bottom easily.\", \"描述\": \"Use the end of a rat-tail comb to create a horizontal line across your scalp from ear to ear. Lift the top section up and clip it out of the way.\\nIt is easier to brush waves into your hair when you start with the lower sections and work your way to the upper sections. This will give the illusion of layered waves.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Dry your hair about 70% to remove most of the water.\", \"描述\": \"It's easiest to dry your hair most of the way before you begin styling it. Run your fingers or a brush through your hair while you dry it to speed up the process.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Use the round brush to pick up a section of hair that is as wide as the barrel.\", \"描述\": \"Use the unclipped portion of your hair first, and work in small sections from one side of your head to the other. Only load the brush with a section of hair that is as wide as the barrel, as this will create defined waves. Do not overload the round brush with hair, as it will not style your hair properly and may even tangle it.\\nIf you have thick hair, work in sections smaller than the barrel to ensure that each section of hair is styled properly.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Blow-dry the hair draped over the round brush to set the curl.\", \"描述\": \"Place the brush so it is horizontal alongside your head, and hold it close to your scalp to create volume. Then, use the medium or high heat setting to begin to set the curl in your hair.\\nBe careful not to burn your hair or skin while doing this.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Pull the brush away from your head but don’t brush through to the end.\", \"描述\": \"As the section of hair dries around the brush, slowly pull the brush away from your head in a swooping motion that resembles the shape of the letter ‘c’. Stop pulling the brush away once you reach the ends of your hair. Continue to blow-dry the section of hair while doing this.\\nTo avoid burning your hair, make this a fluid and connected motion to when you first set the curl with the blow-dryer.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Twist the hair around the brush horizontally with no heat to finish styling.\", \"描述\": \"Turn off the blow-dryer. Then, quickly roll the brush back up to the top of the hair, twisting the hair around the brush.\\nBe careful to not wind your hair too tightly around the round brush; otherwise, it might tangle.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Allow the curl to cool while wrapped around the brush.\", \"描述\": \"Wait a minute or so for the hair to cool down naturally, or turn your blow-dryer to the cool setting and cool the curl quickly that way. Cooling the curl will create waves that will last longer throughout the day.\"}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Spray the waved hair with hairspray as you unwind it from the round brush.\", \"描述\": \"Carefully unwind the section of hair from the round brush. Set the wave with a quick spritz of hairspray. This will hold the shape of the wave for the entire day.\"}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"Continue to style small sections of your hair until it's all set in waves.\", \"描述\": \"Finish styling the bottom portion of your hair 1 small section at a time. Then, unclip the top portion of your hair and repeat the process until your hair is completely styled. As a result, you should have a head full of loose waves.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Setting Waves by Brushing and Braiding Your Hair\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Detangle the ends of your hair using a wide-toothed comb before going to bed.\", \"描述\": \"Gather your hair to one side of your head or divide it in half along either of your shoulders. Grip 1–2 in (2.5–5.1 cm) above the ends of your hair, and then gently use the wide-toothed comb to detangle the strands.\\nDo this style on damp hair if you want tighter, more defined waves. If your hair is dry, it'll create loose, subtle waves.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Finish brushing with a soft-bristled brush, working from the ends to your scalp.\", \"描述\": \"Start by brushing the ends of your hair again. Then, move the comb higher up on your hair and brush downwards. Continue combing your hair until you are brushing from your scalp down to the ends of your hair. This will minimize any unnecessary tugging from tangles. Opt for using a soft-bristled brush over one with plastic bristles, as the plastic bristles can easily weaken or break your hair strands.\\nContinue to use the wide-toothed comb to untangle the rest of your hair as needed. The comb will be able to work out any knots in your hair better than the soft-bristled brush will.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Create loose waves by putting your brushed hair into a single traditional braid.\", \"描述\": \"Gather your hair to one side of your head. Then, divide your hair into 3 equal sections and braid it. Finish by tying off the end of the braid with a hair tie.\\nJust make sure to loosely braid your hair so that it is comfortable for you to sleep on.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use multiple medium or small braids to create tighter, more sculpted waves.\", \"描述\": \"The more braids you create, the smaller and denser the waves will look. Start each braid high on your scalp to create a continuous look of the waves, but do not make the braids so tight that they pull on your scalp. Then, secure the end of each braid with a hair tie if your hair typically unravels easily.\\nYou may not need a hair tie if you have curly or textured hair.\\nIf you have particularly thick or short hair, then divide your hair vertically down the back of your head to create 2 medium braids along each side of your head.\\nFor extremely tight waves or crimped hair, section your hair as needed to create small braids that are about ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) wide.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Sleep on your braided hair overnight to set the waves for the following day.\", \"描述\": \"The braids will create waves in your hair as you sleep. Just be careful not to position your head on your pillow so that you are bending the braid at a sharp angle. This might cause your wavy hair to have a noticeable crease in it.\\nThis method of waving your hair is great if you want to avoid using a blow-dryer to style it.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Unbraid your hair in the morning and be careful not to knot the strands.\", \"描述\": \"Remove the hair tie if you used one. Then, carefully unbraid your hair, starting at the bottom and working your way up to the top. Use your fingers to unwind the braided sections of hair, and allow your hair to fall into place naturally.\\nIf you come across a tangle or small knot while unbraiding your hair, use your fingers to gently comb it out.\\nIf your hair was damp before you braided it and still seems a bit damp when you wake up, then use the heat from your blow-dryer to dry the braid. Then, set the shape using the cool function on the blow-dryer. Unbraiding damp hair may cause the waves to flatten.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Separate loose, subtle waves with a wide-tooth comb to fan them out.\", \"描述\": \"Gently run your wide-tooth comb through your hair to break up the soft waves. Refrain from using your hairbrush as it may cause your waves to frizz outwards.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Run your fingers through your hair to gently break up tighter waves.\", \"描述\": \"Avoid using a hairbrush on small waves or crimped hair, as this will cause the waves to frizz and poof outwards. Instead, use your fingers to break up the wavy sections of hair until you achieve the desired style.\\nIf needed, use your wide-tooth comb or a hair pick to break up the strands. Just do not comb them fully.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Set your hairstyle with hairspray to maintain the shape for the rest of the day.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have your waves positioned into a style you are happy with, spray your hair with hairspray to hold the shape. For extra volume, flip your hair upside-down and spray the underside of your hair.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Obtaining 360 Waves with a Firm-Bristled Hair Brush\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have your hair cut so it is approximately 1 ⁄2 in (3.8 cm) in length.\", \"描述\": \"Visit your local barber to trim your hair. This will create a starting point for you to shape the 360 waves into your hair. Don’t worry if your hair is not this long, as you can start forming this hairstyle with shorter hair, but it will take longer to achieve the look.\\nThis hairstyle works best if you have short, curly hair.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wash your hair with shampoo and conditioner to remove any oil buildup.\", \"描述\": \"Use your normal shampoo and conditioning products to clean your hair. In order to properly set the 360 waves as they grow in, you'll need to limit how often you wash your hair. Take this opportunity to thoroughly clean and condition your hair.\\nMake sure to thoroughly rinse out the products from your hair, as the residue from the shampoo or conditioner may make it more difficult to style your hair.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Apply wave styling cream or wax into your clean hair.\", \"描述\": \"Look for products that have shea butter or natural oils and are designed for creating waves. Rub 1 tsp (4.9 mL) of the cream or wax between your hands. Then, use both of your coated hands to work the product into your hair from root to tip. Continue to do this until the product is evenly dispersed throughout your hair. \\nAvoid using products that are primarily made with petroleum jelly, as this can cause skin irritation or acne over the time it will take to grow out the waves in your hair.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Soak a small towel in hot water to warm it.\", \"描述\": \"Run the towel under hot water until the cloth becomes warm. Then, twist the towel to remove the excess water.\\nContinue to squeeze the towel until it is damp and is no longer dripping wet.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Rest the towel on your head for 2 minutes to help set the hair product.\", \"描述\": \"Let the warm towel rest on top of your head so that it covers all of your hair for at least 2 minutes. The warmth will help the hair product to further soak into your hair and will make it easier to style.\\nAfter 2 minutes, remove the towel from your head.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Brush outwards from your cowlick at the crown of your head to style the waves.\", \"描述\": \"Use a medium- or firm-bristled hairbrush to administer even brush strokes. Continue to brush around your cowlick until all of your hair has been brushed. This will create a spiral or wave formation in your hair.\\nFor the back of your head, brush downwards from your circular cowlick. The back of your head may require more attention than the top or sides of your head, as this section of hair is most likely thicker. Make sure to brush this section of hair thoroughly.\\nFor the top of your head, start at the front of the cowlick and brush forwards to your hairline by your forehead.\\nFor the sides of your head, start at the cowlick and angle your brush stroke forward along the side of your head but at a downwards angle to your chin.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Protect your waves while you sleep by wearing a do-rag.\", \"描述\": \"Tie a do-rag around your hair to keep it from rubbing against your pillow while you sleep. This will help to better maintain the waves as they grow in.\\nIf you do not have a do-rag, you can also wear a skullcap or a special wave cap. However, keep in mind that a skullcap will be less effective for maintaining your style.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Refrain from washing your hair for 1-2 weeks to allow the wave to grow out.\", \"描述\": \"It will take about 3 weeks of brushing to set the wave in your hair. Avoid using shampoo or conditioner in your hair for at least the first week of styling it, as the chemicals will weaken the structure of the wave pattern. If needed, wear a shower cap to protect your hair from getting overly wet or washing the product out. \\nIf needed, you can purchase a special wave shampoo and conditioner that will allow you to gently wash your hair without damaging your waves. However, you will need to brush out your hair while in the shower if you choose to do this.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Maintain the wave shape over the next 3 weeks by brushing it daily.\", \"描述\": \"Add more wave cream or wax if needed to hold the wave shape in your hair as it grows. Repeat your brushing routine every day, working outwards from your cowlick to strengthen the wave shape.\\nSometimes, it may take longer than 3 weeks to properly set the waves. Continue maintaining the waves until you have achieved your desired look.\\nInstead of adding more wave product to your hair, you can simply dampen it with hot water.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Leave the look as is or get a haircut to define the visibility of the waves.\", \"描述\": \"Visit your local barber to get your hair trimmed once the wave has grown out. Your barber will carefully cut your hair along your wave to help further define it.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Always clean out the hair from your hairbrush between uses. Hair buildup on brushes can cause more tangles in your hair when used and will make styling with the hairbrush less effective.[21]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Consider using a soft-bristled brush for your everyday use to strengthen your hair. Avoid using brushes that have plastic bristles, as the coarseness can quickly damage your hair and scalp. Instead, opt for soft-bristled brushes with natural bristles that will gently distribute the oils in your hair to make it healthy and strong.[22]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"For hair that is already curly or wavy, avoid using a brush on it when it is dry as this can cause it to frizz. Instead, brush your hair while it is wet to set and soften the waves, or use a wide-toothed comb to gently separate the waves while it is dry.[23]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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7,066 |
How to Brush Your Teeth
|
1. Using the Right Tools
1-1. Use a good toothbrush.
Choose a toothbrush with soft nylon bristles. This must effectively remove plaque and debris from your teeth, without irritating the gums or eroding tooth enamel like hard-bristled brushes can do when used with sideways action. The toothbrush should also fit comfortably in your hand, and have a head small enough to easily reach all of your teeth, especially the ones at the back. If you have difficulty fitting the toothbrush into your mouth, it is probably too big.
Electric toothbrushes are a great choice if you are a lazy brusher and think that the electric toothbrush might encourage you to spend more time on your teeth; however, you can do just as good of a job with a manual toothbrush — it's all in the technique.
One good method is to brush with a manual toothbrush in the morning and use an electric toothbrush at night.
You should toothbrushes with "natural" bristles made from animal hair as these can harbor bacteria and must be replaced more frequently.
1-2. Replace your toothbrush regularly.
The bristles will wear out over time, losing their flexibility and effectiveness. You should purchase a new toothbrush every three to four months, or as soon as the bristles start to splay and lose their shape. Visual inspection of the toothbrush is more important than the actual timeline. You can also buy toothbrushes whose handles will change color when it's time to purchase a new toothbrush.
Research has found that thousands of microbes call toothbrush bristles and handles "home," and can cause infections.
At about three months, bristles become sharp due to friction and can cause your gums to bleed.
Always rinse your brush after using it, and store it upright and uncovered so that it can dry before your next use. Otherwise bacteria will grow.
1-3. Use fluoride toothpaste.
It not only helps remove plaque, but it also helps strengthen tooth enamel. It's important to note that fluoride toothpaste is not to be swallowed, as ingesting too much can have serious health consequences. It should not be used for children under the age of three.
You can get toothpaste to target a wide variety of dental and gum problems, including cavities, tartar, sensitive teeth and gums, gingivitis and stained teeth. Opt for the one that suits your best or ask your dentist or hygienist for advice.
1-4. Use dental floss.
Flossing your teeth is just as important as brushing, as it removes built-up plaque, bacteria and food particles that get trapped between the teeth, which soft floppy toothbrush bristles can't reach even when used with up/down natural motion. You should always floss before brushing your teeth so that any food or bacteria that comes loose during flossing doesn't remain in your mouth.
Remember to floss gently. Don't "snap" the floss between the teeth as this can irritate sensitive gums. Ease it down gently, following the curve of each tooth.
If you find dental floss awkward to use, or you have braces, look for dental picks instead. These are small wooden or plastic sticks that you can insert between teeth, achieving the same results as flossing if spaces are large enough.
Alternatively, you can use flossers, which are small pieces of floss strung between 2 supports, generally with a pick at the opposite end.
2. Mastering the Brushing Technique
2-1. Use a small amount of toothpaste.
Squeeze only a pea-sized amount of toothpaste onto your toothbrush. Applying too much toothpaste can cause over-sudsing, tempting you to spit and finish too early. Plus, it increases the risk of you ingesting more fluoride-filled toothpaste, which is very unhealthy.
If brushing is painful, try brushing more gently with accurate circle motion only or switch to a toothpaste formulated for sensitive teeth.
2-2. Set your bristles at the gum line at a 45-degree angle.
Gently brush with a short, circular motion. Don't brush across your teeth. Ask your dentist or hygienist to present you the correct brushing technique.
2-3. Spend two to three minutes brushing.
Brush just a few teeth at a time, and work your way around your mouth in a circle so that you get every tooth (spend about 12 to 15 seconds in each spot). If it helps, you can divide your mouth into quadrants: top left, top right, bottom left, and bottom right. If you spend 30 seconds on each quadrant, you'll get a full two minutes of brushing time in.
Try starting at the outside lower left teeth, moving to the outside lower right, then outside upper right to the upper left. Change to inside uppers and brush inside upper right, inside lower right, and finally inside lower left.
If you get bored, try brushing your teeth while watching television or hum a song to yourself while you brush. Brushing your teeth for the duration of an entire song will ensure that you brush thoroughly!
2-4. Brush your molars.
Position the toothbrush so that it's perpendicular to your lips, or so that the bristles are resting on top of your bottom molars. Work the toothbrush in an in-and-out motion, and move from the back of your mouth to the front. Then complete this motion doing a rotational movement of the brush in order to eliminate bacteria that have been dislocated from the surface. Repeat on the other side of your mouth. When the bottom teeth are clean, flip the toothbrush over and work on the top molars.
To access outside top molars always swing the lower jaw to the side you are working on. This will increase the space available to move your brush up and down by several times so that no sideways motion occurs.
2-5. Brush the inner surfaces of your teeth.
Tip the toothbrush so that the head of the toothbrush is pointing towards your gum line, and brush each tooth. Dentists report that the most commonly skipped area is the inside of the lower front teeth, so be sure not to forget those! Check that your mouth is opening wide enough by holding teeth apart with two or three fingers of your other hand. This will allow correct vertical angle to reach edge of gum.
2-6. Brush your tongue gently.
After you've cleaned your teeth, use the bristles of your toothbrush to gently clean your tongue. (Don't press too hard, or you'll damage the tissue.) This helps keep bad breath away and gets rid of bacteria on your tongue.
3. Finishing Up
3-1. Rinse out your mouth.
If you choose to rinse after brushing, take a sip of water from a disposable cup, or cup your hands under the faucet. Swish it around your mouth, and spit it out.
Note that there is some debate on whether or not this is recommended. While some feel that it reduces the efficacy of the topical fluoride treatment, others wish to ensure that no fluoride is ingested. There are also those who just don't like having toothpaste in their mouths! If you're at high risk of getting cavities, it may be beneficial not to rinse, or rinse with just a small amount of water — effectively creating a fluoride mouthwash.
Other studies have shown that rinsing after brushing has no significant impact on the effectiveness of brushing with a fluoride toothpaste.
3-2. Rinse your toothbrush.
Hold your toothbrush under running water for a few seconds to remove any bacteria from the brush. If you don't rinse the toothbrush properly, you can actually introduce old bacteria into your mouth the next time you use it. Rinsing also removes any leftover toothpaste. Place your toothbrush somewhere where it will readily dry out. Otherwise, bacteria can grow.
3-3. Finish with a fluoride-based mouthwash (Optional).
Take a small sip of mouthwash, swish it in your mouth for about 30 seconds, and spit it out. Be careful not to swallow any.
3-4. Rinse your mouth with salt water (Optional).
Saltwater kills the bad bacteria on your teeth. There is a rumor that saltwater is acidic and can erode teeth if used too often. However, it's better not to use it too often.
For complete antibacterial protection rinse with a chlorhexidine mouthwash before going to bed, but do not use it for longer than two weeks in a row.
3-5. Remember to brush at least twice a day.
Most dentists recommend that you brush at least twice a day — once in the morning and once before bed. If you can fit in a third time somewhere in the middle, even better! Try brushing at a 45° angle as this helps remove plaque and food/drink particles on your teeth better than if you did it normally. You should also try to avoid snacking between meals as much as possible, as this results in more food debris and bacteria building up in the mouth.
Tips
At the very least, brush your teeth in the morning and before you go to bed. Don't overdo it: too much brushing is not good for your teeth either.[17]
X
Research source
Visit a dentist at least every six months for an exam, x-rays, and a cleaning.
Swish water in your mouth to loosen food particles after each meal.
Warnings
Don't brush too hard. Gums are very sensitive tissue.
Do not swallow toothpaste or mouthwash. They contain chemicals that are toxic if you swallow them, e.g. ammonia and cetylpyridinium chloride.
Never use someone else's toothbrush. You can transfer germs, bacteria, and diseases through microscopic cuts in your mouth.
Bleeding from infected areas may be expected to occur for a few days followed by rapid healing to the healthy mouth you deserve.
Do not skip brushing your teeth — skipping out on this vital practice can cause tooth decay.
Wait at least 45 minutes before brushing your teeth after drinking soda, wine, or acidic juices such as orange juice. Sodas and juices leave residual acids on the teeth, and brushing can actually damage the enamel.[18]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using the Right Tools\\n1-1. Use a good toothbrush.\\nChoose a toothbrush with soft nylon bristles. This must effectively remove plaque and debris from your teeth, without irritating the gums or eroding tooth enamel like hard-bristled brushes can do when used with sideways action. The toothbrush should also fit comfortably in your hand, and have a head small enough to easily reach all of your teeth, especially the ones at the back. If you have difficulty fitting the toothbrush into your mouth, it is probably too big.\\nElectric toothbrushes are a great choice if you are a lazy brusher and think that the electric toothbrush might encourage you to spend more time on your teeth; however, you can do just as good of a job with a manual toothbrush — it's all in the technique.\\nOne good method is to brush with a manual toothbrush in the morning and use an electric toothbrush at night.\\nYou should toothbrushes with \\\"natural\\\" bristles made from animal hair as these can harbor bacteria and must be replaced more frequently.\\n1-2. Replace your toothbrush regularly.\\nThe bristles will wear out over time, losing their flexibility and effectiveness. You should purchase a new toothbrush every three to four months, or as soon as the bristles start to splay and lose their shape. Visual inspection of the toothbrush is more important than the actual timeline. You can also buy toothbrushes whose handles will change color when it's time to purchase a new toothbrush.\\nResearch has found that thousands of microbes call toothbrush bristles and handles \\\"home,\\\" and can cause infections.\\nAt about three months, bristles become sharp due to friction and can cause your gums to bleed.\\nAlways rinse your brush after using it, and store it upright and uncovered so that it can dry before your next use. Otherwise bacteria will grow.\\n1-3. Use fluoride toothpaste.\\nIt not only helps remove plaque, but it also helps strengthen tooth enamel. It's important to note that fluoride toothpaste is not to be swallowed, as ingesting too much can have serious health consequences. It should not be used for children under the age of three.\\nYou can get toothpaste to target a wide variety of dental and gum problems, including cavities, tartar, sensitive teeth and gums, gingivitis and stained teeth. Opt for the one that suits your best or ask your dentist or hygienist for advice.\\n1-4. Use dental floss.\\nFlossing your teeth is just as important as brushing, as it removes built-up plaque, bacteria and food particles that get trapped between the teeth, which soft floppy toothbrush bristles can't reach even when used with up/down natural motion. You should always floss before brushing your teeth so that any food or bacteria that comes loose during flossing doesn't remain in your mouth.\\nRemember to floss gently. Don't \\\"snap\\\" the floss between the teeth as this can irritate sensitive gums. Ease it down gently, following the curve of each tooth.\\nIf you find dental floss awkward to use, or you have braces, look for dental picks instead. These are small wooden or plastic sticks that you can insert between teeth, achieving the same results as flossing if spaces are large enough.\\nAlternatively, you can use flossers, which are small pieces of floss strung between 2 supports, generally with a pick at the opposite end.\\n2. Mastering the Brushing Technique\\n2-1. Use a small amount of toothpaste.\\nSqueeze only a pea-sized amount of toothpaste onto your toothbrush. Applying too much toothpaste can cause over-sudsing, tempting you to spit and finish too early. Plus, it increases the risk of you ingesting more fluoride-filled toothpaste, which is very unhealthy. \\nIf brushing is painful, try brushing more gently with accurate circle motion only or switch to a toothpaste formulated for sensitive teeth.\\n2-2. Set your bristles at the gum line at a 45-degree angle.\\nGently brush with a short, circular motion. Don't brush across your teeth. Ask your dentist or hygienist to present you the correct brushing technique.\\n2-3. Spend two to three minutes brushing.\\nBrush just a few teeth at a time, and work your way around your mouth in a circle so that you get every tooth (spend about 12 to 15 seconds in each spot). If it helps, you can divide your mouth into quadrants: top left, top right, bottom left, and bottom right. If you spend 30 seconds on each quadrant, you'll get a full two minutes of brushing time in.\\nTry starting at the outside lower left teeth, moving to the outside lower right, then outside upper right to the upper left. Change to inside uppers and brush inside upper right, inside lower right, and finally inside lower left.\\nIf you get bored, try brushing your teeth while watching television or hum a song to yourself while you brush. Brushing your teeth for the duration of an entire song will ensure that you brush thoroughly!\\n2-4. Brush your molars.\\nPosition the toothbrush so that it's perpendicular to your lips, or so that the bristles are resting on top of your bottom molars. Work the toothbrush in an in-and-out motion, and move from the back of your mouth to the front. Then complete this motion doing a rotational movement of the brush in order to eliminate bacteria that have been dislocated from the surface. Repeat on the other side of your mouth. When the bottom teeth are clean, flip the toothbrush over and work on the top molars. \\nTo access outside top molars always swing the lower jaw to the side you are working on. This will increase the space available to move your brush up and down by several times so that no sideways motion occurs.\\n2-5. Brush the inner surfaces of your teeth.\\nTip the toothbrush so that the head of the toothbrush is pointing towards your gum line, and brush each tooth. Dentists report that the most commonly skipped area is the inside of the lower front teeth, so be sure not to forget those! Check that your mouth is opening wide enough by holding teeth apart with two or three fingers of your other hand. This will allow correct vertical angle to reach edge of gum.\\n2-6. Brush your tongue gently.\\nAfter you've cleaned your teeth, use the bristles of your toothbrush to gently clean your tongue. (Don't press too hard, or you'll damage the tissue.) This helps keep bad breath away and gets rid of bacteria on your tongue.\\n3. Finishing Up\\n3-1. Rinse out your mouth.\\nIf you choose to rinse after brushing, take a sip of water from a disposable cup, or cup your hands under the faucet. Swish it around your mouth, and spit it out.\\nNote that there is some debate on whether or not this is recommended. While some feel that it reduces the efficacy of the topical fluoride treatment, others wish to ensure that no fluoride is ingested. There are also those who just don't like having toothpaste in their mouths! If you're at high risk of getting cavities, it may be beneficial not to rinse, or rinse with just a small amount of water — effectively creating a fluoride mouthwash.\\nOther studies have shown that rinsing after brushing has no significant impact on the effectiveness of brushing with a fluoride toothpaste.\\n3-2. Rinse your toothbrush.\\nHold your toothbrush under running water for a few seconds to remove any bacteria from the brush. If you don't rinse the toothbrush properly, you can actually introduce old bacteria into your mouth the next time you use it. Rinsing also removes any leftover toothpaste. Place your toothbrush somewhere where it will readily dry out. Otherwise, bacteria can grow.\\n3-3. Finish with a fluoride-based mouthwash (Optional).\\nTake a small sip of mouthwash, swish it in your mouth for about 30 seconds, and spit it out. Be careful not to swallow any.\\n3-4. Rinse your mouth with salt water (Optional).\\nSaltwater kills the bad bacteria on your teeth. There is a rumor that saltwater is acidic and can erode teeth if used too often. However, it's better not to use it too often.\\nFor complete antibacterial protection rinse with a chlorhexidine mouthwash before going to bed, but do not use it for longer than two weeks in a row.\\n3-5. Remember to brush at least twice a day.\\nMost dentists recommend that you brush at least twice a day — once in the morning and once before bed. If you can fit in a third time somewhere in the middle, even better! Try brushing at a 45° angle as this helps remove plaque and food/drink particles on your teeth better than if you did it normally. You should also try to avoid snacking between meals as much as possible, as this results in more food debris and bacteria building up in the mouth.\\nTips\\nAt the very least, brush your teeth in the morning and before you go to bed. Don't overdo it: too much brushing is not good for your teeth either.[17]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nVisit a dentist at least every six months for an exam, x-rays, and a cleaning.\\nSwish water in your mouth to loosen food particles after each meal.\\nWarnings\\nDon't brush too hard. Gums are very sensitive tissue.\\nDo not swallow toothpaste or mouthwash. They contain chemicals that are toxic if you swallow them, e.g. ammonia and cetylpyridinium chloride.\\nNever use someone else's toothbrush. You can transfer germs, bacteria, and diseases through microscopic cuts in your mouth.\\nBleeding from infected areas may be expected to occur for a few days followed by rapid healing to the healthy mouth you deserve.\\nDo not skip brushing your teeth — skipping out on this vital practice can cause tooth decay.\\nWait at least 45 minutes before brushing your teeth after drinking soda, wine, or acidic juices such as orange juice. Sodas and juices leave residual acids on the teeth, and brushing can actually damage the enamel.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Brushing your teeth is not just for a whiter smile and fresher breath, it's critical for your overall health. When you brush, you remove plaque — a thin film of bacteria that sticks to your teeth and will create cavities, gum disease, and if you ignore it long enough, will cause your teeth to fall out! You know why to brush, but if you would like to learn how to brush your teeth efficiently, these suggestions will help.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using the Right Tools\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a good toothbrush.\", \"描述\": \"Choose a toothbrush with soft nylon bristles. This must effectively remove plaque and debris from your teeth, without irritating the gums or eroding tooth enamel like hard-bristled brushes can do when used with sideways action. The toothbrush should also fit comfortably in your hand, and have a head small enough to easily reach all of your teeth, especially the ones at the back. If you have difficulty fitting the toothbrush into your mouth, it is probably too big.\\nElectric toothbrushes are a great choice if you are a lazy brusher and think that the electric toothbrush might encourage you to spend more time on your teeth; however, you can do just as good of a job with a manual toothbrush — it's all in the technique.\\nOne good method is to brush with a manual toothbrush in the morning and use an electric toothbrush at night.\\nYou should toothbrushes with \\\"natural\\\" bristles made from animal hair as these can harbor bacteria and must be replaced more frequently.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Replace your toothbrush regularly.\", \"描述\": \"The bristles will wear out over time, losing their flexibility and effectiveness. You should purchase a new toothbrush every three to four months, or as soon as the bristles start to splay and lose their shape. Visual inspection of the toothbrush is more important than the actual timeline. You can also buy toothbrushes whose handles will change color when it's time to purchase a new toothbrush.\\nResearch has found that thousands of microbes call toothbrush bristles and handles \\\"home,\\\" and can cause infections.\\nAt about three months, bristles become sharp due to friction and can cause your gums to bleed.\\nAlways rinse your brush after using it, and store it upright and uncovered so that it can dry before your next use. Otherwise bacteria will grow.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use fluoride toothpaste.\", \"描述\": \"It not only helps remove plaque, but it also helps strengthen tooth enamel. It's important to note that fluoride toothpaste is not to be swallowed, as ingesting too much can have serious health consequences. It should not be used for children under the age of three.\\nYou can get toothpaste to target a wide variety of dental and gum problems, including cavities, tartar, sensitive teeth and gums, gingivitis and stained teeth. Opt for the one that suits your best or ask your dentist or hygienist for advice.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use dental floss.\", \"描述\": \"Flossing your teeth is just as important as brushing, as it removes built-up plaque, bacteria and food particles that get trapped between the teeth, which soft floppy toothbrush bristles can't reach even when used with up/down natural motion. You should always floss before brushing your teeth so that any food or bacteria that comes loose during flossing doesn't remain in your mouth.\\nRemember to floss gently. Don't \\\"snap\\\" the floss between the teeth as this can irritate sensitive gums. Ease it down gently, following the curve of each tooth.\\nIf you find dental floss awkward to use, or you have braces, look for dental picks instead. These are small wooden or plastic sticks that you can insert between teeth, achieving the same results as flossing if spaces are large enough.\\nAlternatively, you can use flossers, which are small pieces of floss strung between 2 supports, generally with a pick at the opposite end.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Mastering the Brushing Technique\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a small amount of toothpaste.\", \"描述\": \"Squeeze only a pea-sized amount of toothpaste onto your toothbrush. Applying too much toothpaste can cause over-sudsing, tempting you to spit and finish too early. Plus, it increases the risk of you ingesting more fluoride-filled toothpaste, which is very unhealthy. \\nIf brushing is painful, try brushing more gently with accurate circle motion only or switch to a toothpaste formulated for sensitive teeth.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Set your bristles at the gum line at a 45-degree angle.\", \"描述\": \"Gently brush with a short, circular motion. Don't brush across your teeth. Ask your dentist or hygienist to present you the correct brushing technique.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Spend two to three minutes brushing.\", \"描述\": \"Brush just a few teeth at a time, and work your way around your mouth in a circle so that you get every tooth (spend about 12 to 15 seconds in each spot). If it helps, you can divide your mouth into quadrants: top left, top right, bottom left, and bottom right. If you spend 30 seconds on each quadrant, you'll get a full two minutes of brushing time in.\\nTry starting at the outside lower left teeth, moving to the outside lower right, then outside upper right to the upper left. Change to inside uppers and brush inside upper right, inside lower right, and finally inside lower left.\\nIf you get bored, try brushing your teeth while watching television or hum a song to yourself while you brush. Brushing your teeth for the duration of an entire song will ensure that you brush thoroughly!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Brush your molars.\", \"描述\": \"Position the toothbrush so that it's perpendicular to your lips, or so that the bristles are resting on top of your bottom molars. Work the toothbrush in an in-and-out motion, and move from the back of your mouth to the front. Then complete this motion doing a rotational movement of the brush in order to eliminate bacteria that have been dislocated from the surface. Repeat on the other side of your mouth. When the bottom teeth are clean, flip the toothbrush over and work on the top molars. \\nTo access outside top molars always swing the lower jaw to the side you are working on. This will increase the space available to move your brush up and down by several times so that no sideways motion occurs.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Brush the inner surfaces of your teeth.\", \"描述\": \"Tip the toothbrush so that the head of the toothbrush is pointing towards your gum line, and brush each tooth. Dentists report that the most commonly skipped area is the inside of the lower front teeth, so be sure not to forget those! Check that your mouth is opening wide enough by holding teeth apart with two or three fingers of your other hand. This will allow correct vertical angle to reach edge of gum.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Brush your tongue gently.\", \"描述\": \"After you've cleaned your teeth, use the bristles of your toothbrush to gently clean your tongue. (Don't press too hard, or you'll damage the tissue.) This helps keep bad breath away and gets rid of bacteria on your tongue.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finishing Up\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Rinse out your mouth.\", \"描述\": \"If you choose to rinse after brushing, take a sip of water from a disposable cup, or cup your hands under the faucet. Swish it around your mouth, and spit it out.\\nNote that there is some debate on whether or not this is recommended. While some feel that it reduces the efficacy of the topical fluoride treatment, others wish to ensure that no fluoride is ingested. There are also those who just don't like having toothpaste in their mouths! If you're at high risk of getting cavities, it may be beneficial not to rinse, or rinse with just a small amount of water — effectively creating a fluoride mouthwash.\\nOther studies have shown that rinsing after brushing has no significant impact on the effectiveness of brushing with a fluoride toothpaste.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Rinse your toothbrush.\", \"描述\": \"Hold your toothbrush under running water for a few seconds to remove any bacteria from the brush. If you don't rinse the toothbrush properly, you can actually introduce old bacteria into your mouth the next time you use it. Rinsing also removes any leftover toothpaste. Place your toothbrush somewhere where it will readily dry out. Otherwise, bacteria can grow.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finish with a fluoride-based mouthwash (Optional).\", \"描述\": \"Take a small sip of mouthwash, swish it in your mouth for about 30 seconds, and spit it out. Be careful not to swallow any.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Rinse your mouth with salt water (Optional).\", \"描述\": \"Saltwater kills the bad bacteria on your teeth. There is a rumor that saltwater is acidic and can erode teeth if used too often. However, it's better not to use it too often.\\nFor complete antibacterial protection rinse with a chlorhexidine mouthwash before going to bed, but do not use it for longer than two weeks in a row.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Remember to brush at least twice a day.\", \"描述\": \"Most dentists recommend that you brush at least twice a day — once in the morning and once before bed. If you can fit in a third time somewhere in the middle, even better! Try brushing at a 45° angle as this helps remove plaque and food/drink particles on your teeth better than if you did it normally. You should also try to avoid snacking between meals as much as possible, as this results in more food debris and bacteria building up in the mouth.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"At the very least, brush your teeth in the morning and before you go to bed. Don't overdo it: too much brushing is not good for your teeth either.[17]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Visit a dentist at least every six months for an exam, x-rays, and a cleaning.\\n\", \"Swish water in your mouth to loosen food particles after each meal.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Don't brush too hard. Gums are very sensitive tissue.\\n\", \"Do not swallow toothpaste or mouthwash. They contain chemicals that are toxic if you swallow them, e.g. ammonia and cetylpyridinium chloride.\\n\", \"Never use someone else's toothbrush. You can transfer germs, bacteria, and diseases through microscopic cuts in your mouth.\\n\", \"Bleeding from infected areas may be expected to occur for a few days followed by rapid healing to the healthy mouth you deserve.\\n\", \"Do not skip brushing your teeth — skipping out on this vital practice can cause tooth decay.\\n\", \"Wait at least 45 minutes before brushing your teeth after drinking soda, wine, or acidic juices such as orange juice. Sodas and juices leave residual acids on the teeth, and brushing can actually damage the enamel.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,067 |
How to Brush Your Teeth With Braces On
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1. Brushing
1-1. Brush the outer side of your teeth.
This is the front side of your teeth that is seen when you smile. Don't forget to remove the plaque along the part of your tooth closest to the gum line.
Begin on the outside of your bottom teeth. Bite your teeth together. Rub the toothbrush back and forth across your teeth while gradually moving the toothbrush across your bottom teeth. Make sure you reach all the way back to your molars. Spit if necessary.
Now brush the outside of your top teeth. With your teeth still together, gently brush in circular motions. Make sure you move the toothbrush across all your front teeth and back to the outsides of your molars as well. It may be easier to reach the back of your mouth if you open your mouth a little.
If you are using a regular toothbrush, you will want to slant the brush both towards your gumline and toward the top of your tooth as well. This helps dislodge any food particles stuck directly on the top or bottom of your brackets.
Use small circles to brush the braces. Spend at least 25 – 30 seconds on each bracket. You can also use your interdental brush to brush over the tops of your brackets. Most brackets have holes in them (very hard to see) so try wiggling the interdental brush down into each bracket
1-2. Brush the inner side of your teeth.
Move the toothbrush back and forth, up and down and then with circular motions on the inside of your top and bottom teeth. When you have braces, the inner side of your teeth are usually the easiest to brush because they are not crowded with braces.
1-3. Brush the crowns of your teeth.
Turn your toothbrush perpendicular to the spaces between your teeth. Rub the brush back and forth and also use a circular motion. This helps get the hard to reach crevices that can harbor plaque and food particles.
1-4. Focus on other areas of your mouth.
Your mouth is full of germs and plaque that feed gingivitis. You need to brush and massage your gums, cheeks and tongue as well. Spit if necessary before you begin.
Using your toothbrush, start to gently brush the gums above (or below) your teeth. Do a gentle, vertical brushing in the direction of the brackets.
After this, turn the brush 180 degrees to face your cheek. The cheek is harder to brush. Secure it with your other hand if it gets too difficult. Spit.
Turn the brush downwards and brush the soft bottom and gums where your tongue lays. Brush underneath your tongue, and then the roof of your mouth.
Finally, stick your tongue out and brush it. Be sure to breathe out of your mouth, otherwise you'll start gagging. Spit and rinse your mouth and toothbrush.
1-5. Check your teeth.
Do they look clean? If you see any plaque or food, take your rinsed toothbrush and brush it away. If you feel like it, brush them over (any way you'd like) really quickly to get rid of anything you might have missed.
1-6. Choose your toothbrush.
Though a regular toothbrush will work, you might consider an electric or sonic toothbrush designed for cleaning around braces, and make sure you are using the right amount of pressure, allowing the head to rotate completely. This will provide a more effective cleaning and save you time.
Use an interdental brush with an angled head and brush that can fit around your braces. Oral-B has an Interdental Brush System with a triangular replaceable brush head that will work well.
If you choose a regular electric or sonic toothbrush, know that it can be very difficult to maneuver the brush well enough in your mouth with braces on. The bristles will also likely wear down a lot faster because they will catch in your braces.
If you use a regular toothbrush, you will need to brush your teeth with the bristles angled both upwards and downwards to get a good clean over your braces.
Remember that you have several sides to your teeth — outer (near your cheek or lip), inner (facing your tongue), crown (on the bottom teeth, it's the part of the tooth facing the top of your mouth and on the top teeth, it's the part facing your tongue). All sides must be cleaned, so get a toothbrush small and flexible enough to move easily around your mouth.
2. Flossing and Rinsing
2-1. Rinse your mouth.
It can be helpful before you brush your teeth to swish some water around in your mouth. Spit, and repeat. This gets some of the loose particles of food out of your mouth.
Warm water can soothe teeth and soften bristles when you have the bands on your braces changed. Remember to not brush too hard or the brackets could get damaged.
2-2. Floss your teeth.
Flossing can seem like a difficult task to do with braces. You may want to consider Plackers, which are like floss on a stick, Platypus Orthodontia Flossers or water flossers. These flossing tools are much faster and easier to use than regular flossing and can be purchased at most stores.
Take a long piece of string floss (about 18 inches or 46 cm), wrap it around your index finger on each hand, and wiggle it between each tooth space. Try to bend the string around the teeth on each side of it, forming a "C" shape, instead of flossing straight. That will remove any plaque stuck there.
If you have finishing wires, it can be almost impossible to get the floss underneath or over your double sets of wires, so just push the floss down, as described, into the tooth space; however, if you do not have your finishing wires, it's recommended to thread the floss underneath or over your wires because this is the most effective way to get rid of gingivitis and clean your teeth.
Consider using a water flosser — a device with an electronic water jet ideal for those with braces. These items work like flossing by getting rid of food and plaque in crevices toothbrushes can't reach.
2-3. Use mouthwash.
After flossing, put a capful of mouthwash (or follow directions) in your mouth and swish it around for at least 30 seconds. Use mouthwash that specifically states it helps rid your mouth of gingivitis.
A fluoride mouthwash rinse may also be beneficial. The rinse can get into spaces that a toothbrush is not able to reach and help protect against cavities.
Try filling the tank of your water flosser with half mouthwash, half water. This allows you to get mouthwash in the crevices of your teeth.
Spit the mouthwash out and do a quick rinse with some warm water.
2-4. Gargle with salt water twice a day.
Gargle once in the morning and once in the evening. It may sting at first if you have a sore, but can actually be soothing to minor mouth injuries. This also works to prevent gingivitis.
2-5. Rinse your toothbrush before and after brushing.
The last thing you need to do is feed gingivitis with bacteria and food particles left on your toothbrush. Always rinse your toothbrush under hot water. Run your finger up and down the bristles to rid of any food particles you left behind from last time.
Store your toothbrush upright and where it the bristles can air dry.
Consider soaking your toothbrushes in chlorhexidine mouthwash to kill more germs.
3. Maintaining Your Smile
3-1. Replace your toothbrushes regularly.
It is recommended that you replace your toothbrush every three months or more often if the brush becomes worn down. When the bristles are frayed, the toothbrush won't clean your teeth as well.
If you have an interdental toothbrush, you will also want to replace the head often. If your orthodontist doesn't give you a replacement, they are available at some stores. It's great to carry one around with you!
3-2. Watch what you eat.
The best way to protect your teeth to damage is to keep food that damages teeth or braces out.
Avoid foods that are hard or difficult to chew, like apples, taffy, caramels, corn on the cob, hard pretzels, popcorn, nuts, carrots or bagels.
Don't chew on ice or bubble gum.
Cut back or avoid sugar completely. Sugary foods and soda rot your teeth and cause plaque that can lead to gingivitis.
3-3. Eat a well-balanced diet.
Vitamins and minerals found in a healthy diet of fiber, protein, good fats and some carbohydrates will help you fight and keep gingivitis away. Eating well also sustains good health overall, which is just as important. Look for nutritious, high fiber foods like raspberries, whole grains, bananas, greens, squash and other soft fruit.
3-4. Clean your teeth after every meal.
It may seem like a pain, but it is crucial! Gingivitis forms in 48 hours. It can happen from lack of brushing, flossing or improper technique. Not brushing after eating can also cause stains on your teeth when you get your braces off.
3-5. Get regular cleanings with your hygienist/orthodontist.
You should have a yearly exam and cleaning at minimum and more often if you have bleeding or a history of gingivitis. If you can, get an appointment after your tightening. Chances are, you'll have to get the hydro-cleaning as it is sometimes tricky for hygienists to manipulate around your device.
The use of water instead of the pick by dental personnel is very helpful for those with gingivitis. Ask if they can use the water jet or do air polishing, which involves baking soda.
Tips
Brush all your teeth; you don't want a white square left on the tooth you haven't been brushing.
Do not use toothpaste with whitening, it will cause discoloration when you get your braces off.
It requires patience to keep braces in good condition. Learn to love them and take care of them. Your smile depends on it.
Warnings
Make sure to brush lightly but effectively. Brackets and arch-wire may look sturdy but can be flimsy.
Brush after eating foods high in sugar or dark in color!
Make sure not to hurt your gums brushing! If your gums usually bleed when you brush, check with your dentist. It could mean gingivitis.
It is very important to follow your dentist's guidelines so that brushing is done correctly to maintain the health of your mouth, gums and teeth.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:55",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Brushing\\n1-1. Brush the outer side of your teeth.\\nThis is the front side of your teeth that is seen when you smile. Don't forget to remove the plaque along the part of your tooth closest to the gum line.\\nBegin on the outside of your bottom teeth. Bite your teeth together. Rub the toothbrush back and forth across your teeth while gradually moving the toothbrush across your bottom teeth. Make sure you reach all the way back to your molars. Spit if necessary.\\nNow brush the outside of your top teeth. With your teeth still together, gently brush in circular motions. Make sure you move the toothbrush across all your front teeth and back to the outsides of your molars as well. It may be easier to reach the back of your mouth if you open your mouth a little.\\nIf you are using a regular toothbrush, you will want to slant the brush both towards your gumline and toward the top of your tooth as well. This helps dislodge any food particles stuck directly on the top or bottom of your brackets.\\nUse small circles to brush the braces. Spend at least 25 – 30 seconds on each bracket. You can also use your interdental brush to brush over the tops of your brackets. Most brackets have holes in them (very hard to see) so try wiggling the interdental brush down into each bracket\\n1-2. Brush the inner side of your teeth.\\nMove the toothbrush back and forth, up and down and then with circular motions on the inside of your top and bottom teeth. When you have braces, the inner side of your teeth are usually the easiest to brush because they are not crowded with braces.\\n1-3. Brush the crowns of your teeth.\\nTurn your toothbrush perpendicular to the spaces between your teeth. Rub the brush back and forth and also use a circular motion. This helps get the hard to reach crevices that can harbor plaque and food particles.\\n1-4. Focus on other areas of your mouth.\\nYour mouth is full of germs and plaque that feed gingivitis. You need to brush and massage your gums, cheeks and tongue as well. Spit if necessary before you begin.\\nUsing your toothbrush, start to gently brush the gums above (or below) your teeth. Do a gentle, vertical brushing in the direction of the brackets.\\nAfter this, turn the brush 180 degrees to face your cheek. The cheek is harder to brush. Secure it with your other hand if it gets too difficult. Spit.\\nTurn the brush downwards and brush the soft bottom and gums where your tongue lays. Brush underneath your tongue, and then the roof of your mouth.\\nFinally, stick your tongue out and brush it. Be sure to breathe out of your mouth, otherwise you'll start gagging. Spit and rinse your mouth and toothbrush.\\n1-5. Check your teeth.\\nDo they look clean? If you see any plaque or food, take your rinsed toothbrush and brush it away. If you feel like it, brush them over (any way you'd like) really quickly to get rid of anything you might have missed.\\n1-6. Choose your toothbrush.\\nThough a regular toothbrush will work, you might consider an electric or sonic toothbrush designed for cleaning around braces, and make sure you are using the right amount of pressure, allowing the head to rotate completely. This will provide a more effective cleaning and save you time.\\nUse an interdental brush with an angled head and brush that can fit around your braces. Oral-B has an Interdental Brush System with a triangular replaceable brush head that will work well.\\nIf you choose a regular electric or sonic toothbrush, know that it can be very difficult to maneuver the brush well enough in your mouth with braces on. The bristles will also likely wear down a lot faster because they will catch in your braces.\\nIf you use a regular toothbrush, you will need to brush your teeth with the bristles angled both upwards and downwards to get a good clean over your braces.\\nRemember that you have several sides to your teeth — outer (near your cheek or lip), inner (facing your tongue), crown (on the bottom teeth, it's the part of the tooth facing the top of your mouth and on the top teeth, it's the part facing your tongue). All sides must be cleaned, so get a toothbrush small and flexible enough to move easily around your mouth.\\n2. Flossing and Rinsing\\n2-1. Rinse your mouth.\\nIt can be helpful before you brush your teeth to swish some water around in your mouth. Spit, and repeat. This gets some of the loose particles of food out of your mouth.\\nWarm water can soothe teeth and soften bristles when you have the bands on your braces changed. Remember to not brush too hard or the brackets could get damaged.\\n2-2. Floss your teeth.\\nFlossing can seem like a difficult task to do with braces. You may want to consider Plackers, which are like floss on a stick, Platypus Orthodontia Flossers or water flossers. These flossing tools are much faster and easier to use than regular flossing and can be purchased at most stores.\\nTake a long piece of string floss (about 18 inches or 46 cm), wrap it around your index finger on each hand, and wiggle it between each tooth space. Try to bend the string around the teeth on each side of it, forming a \\\"C\\\" shape, instead of flossing straight. That will remove any plaque stuck there.\\nIf you have finishing wires, it can be almost impossible to get the floss underneath or over your double sets of wires, so just push the floss down, as described, into the tooth space; however, if you do not have your finishing wires, it's recommended to thread the floss underneath or over your wires because this is the most effective way to get rid of gingivitis and clean your teeth.\\nConsider using a water flosser — a device with an electronic water jet ideal for those with braces. These items work like flossing by getting rid of food and plaque in crevices toothbrushes can't reach.\\n2-3. Use mouthwash.\\nAfter flossing, put a capful of mouthwash (or follow directions) in your mouth and swish it around for at least 30 seconds. Use mouthwash that specifically states it helps rid your mouth of gingivitis.\\nA fluoride mouthwash rinse may also be beneficial. The rinse can get into spaces that a toothbrush is not able to reach and help protect against cavities. \\nTry filling the tank of your water flosser with half mouthwash, half water. This allows you to get mouthwash in the crevices of your teeth.\\nSpit the mouthwash out and do a quick rinse with some warm water.\\n2-4. Gargle with salt water twice a day.\\nGargle once in the morning and once in the evening. It may sting at first if you have a sore, but can actually be soothing to minor mouth injuries. This also works to prevent gingivitis.\\n2-5. Rinse your toothbrush before and after brushing.\\nThe last thing you need to do is feed gingivitis with bacteria and food particles left on your toothbrush. Always rinse your toothbrush under hot water. Run your finger up and down the bristles to rid of any food particles you left behind from last time.\\nStore your toothbrush upright and where it the bristles can air dry.\\nConsider soaking your toothbrushes in chlorhexidine mouthwash to kill more germs.\\n3. Maintaining Your Smile\\n3-1. Replace your toothbrushes regularly.\\nIt is recommended that you replace your toothbrush every three months or more often if the brush becomes worn down. When the bristles are frayed, the toothbrush won't clean your teeth as well.\\nIf you have an interdental toothbrush, you will also want to replace the head often. If your orthodontist doesn't give you a replacement, they are available at some stores. It's great to carry one around with you!\\n3-2. Watch what you eat.\\nThe best way to protect your teeth to damage is to keep food that damages teeth or braces out.\\nAvoid foods that are hard or difficult to chew, like apples, taffy, caramels, corn on the cob, hard pretzels, popcorn, nuts, carrots or bagels.\\nDon't chew on ice or bubble gum.\\nCut back or avoid sugar completely. Sugary foods and soda rot your teeth and cause plaque that can lead to gingivitis.\\n3-3. Eat a well-balanced diet.\\nVitamins and minerals found in a healthy diet of fiber, protein, good fats and some carbohydrates will help you fight and keep gingivitis away. Eating well also sustains good health overall, which is just as important. Look for nutritious, high fiber foods like raspberries, whole grains, bananas, greens, squash and other soft fruit.\\n3-4. Clean your teeth after every meal.\\nIt may seem like a pain, but it is crucial! Gingivitis forms in 48 hours. It can happen from lack of brushing, flossing or improper technique. Not brushing after eating can also cause stains on your teeth when you get your braces off.\\n3-5. Get regular cleanings with your hygienist/orthodontist.\\nYou should have a yearly exam and cleaning at minimum and more often if you have bleeding or a history of gingivitis. If you can, get an appointment after your tightening. Chances are, you'll have to get the hydro-cleaning as it is sometimes tricky for hygienists to manipulate around your device.\\nThe use of water instead of the pick by dental personnel is very helpful for those with gingivitis. Ask if they can use the water jet or do air polishing, which involves baking soda.\\nTips\\nBrush all your teeth; you don't want a white square left on the tooth you haven't been brushing.\\nDo not use toothpaste with whitening, it will cause discoloration when you get your braces off.\\nIt requires patience to keep braces in good condition. Learn to love them and take care of them. Your smile depends on it.\\nWarnings\\nMake sure to brush lightly but effectively. Brackets and arch-wire may look sturdy but can be flimsy.\\nBrush after eating foods high in sugar or dark in color!\\nMake sure not to hurt your gums brushing! If your gums usually bleed when you brush, check with your dentist. It could mean gingivitis.\\nIt is very important to follow your dentist's guidelines so that brushing is done correctly to maintain the health of your mouth, gums and teeth.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Regular brushing and flossing is still super important when you have braces, but it can be a bit awkward at first if you've never done it before. Fortunately, by making a few minor adjustments to your normal brushing and flossing routine, you'll be used to it in no time. This article will walk you through how to brush and floss with braces step-by-step so you can keep your smile white, clean, and healthy.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brushing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brush the outer side of your teeth.\", \"描述\": \"This is the front side of your teeth that is seen when you smile. Don't forget to remove the plaque along the part of your tooth closest to the gum line.\\nBegin on the outside of your bottom teeth. Bite your teeth together. Rub the toothbrush back and forth across your teeth while gradually moving the toothbrush across your bottom teeth. Make sure you reach all the way back to your molars. Spit if necessary.\\nNow brush the outside of your top teeth. With your teeth still together, gently brush in circular motions. Make sure you move the toothbrush across all your front teeth and back to the outsides of your molars as well. It may be easier to reach the back of your mouth if you open your mouth a little.\\nIf you are using a regular toothbrush, you will want to slant the brush both towards your gumline and toward the top of your tooth as well. This helps dislodge any food particles stuck directly on the top or bottom of your brackets.\\nUse small circles to brush the braces. Spend at least 25 – 30 seconds on each bracket. You can also use your interdental brush to brush over the tops of your brackets. Most brackets have holes in them (very hard to see) so try wiggling the interdental brush down into each bracket\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Brush the inner side of your teeth.\", \"描述\": \"Move the toothbrush back and forth, up and down and then with circular motions on the inside of your top and bottom teeth. When you have braces, the inner side of your teeth are usually the easiest to brush because they are not crowded with braces.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Brush the crowns of your teeth.\", \"描述\": \"Turn your toothbrush perpendicular to the spaces between your teeth. Rub the brush back and forth and also use a circular motion. This helps get the hard to reach crevices that can harbor plaque and food particles.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Focus on other areas of your mouth.\", \"描述\": \"Your mouth is full of germs and plaque that feed gingivitis. You need to brush and massage your gums, cheeks and tongue as well. Spit if necessary before you begin.\\nUsing your toothbrush, start to gently brush the gums above (or below) your teeth. Do a gentle, vertical brushing in the direction of the brackets.\\nAfter this, turn the brush 180 degrees to face your cheek. The cheek is harder to brush. Secure it with your other hand if it gets too difficult. Spit.\\nTurn the brush downwards and brush the soft bottom and gums where your tongue lays. Brush underneath your tongue, and then the roof of your mouth.\\nFinally, stick your tongue out and brush it. Be sure to breathe out of your mouth, otherwise you'll start gagging. Spit and rinse your mouth and toothbrush.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check your teeth.\", \"描述\": \"Do they look clean? If you see any plaque or food, take your rinsed toothbrush and brush it away. If you feel like it, brush them over (any way you'd like) really quickly to get rid of anything you might have missed.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Choose your toothbrush.\", \"描述\": \"Though a regular toothbrush will work, you might consider an electric or sonic toothbrush designed for cleaning around braces, and make sure you are using the right amount of pressure, allowing the head to rotate completely. This will provide a more effective cleaning and save you time.\\nUse an interdental brush with an angled head and brush that can fit around your braces. Oral-B has an Interdental Brush System with a triangular replaceable brush head that will work well.\\nIf you choose a regular electric or sonic toothbrush, know that it can be very difficult to maneuver the brush well enough in your mouth with braces on. The bristles will also likely wear down a lot faster because they will catch in your braces.\\nIf you use a regular toothbrush, you will need to brush your teeth with the bristles angled both upwards and downwards to get a good clean over your braces.\\nRemember that you have several sides to your teeth — outer (near your cheek or lip), inner (facing your tongue), crown (on the bottom teeth, it's the part of the tooth facing the top of your mouth and on the top teeth, it's the part facing your tongue). All sides must be cleaned, so get a toothbrush small and flexible enough to move easily around your mouth.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Flossing and Rinsing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Rinse your mouth.\", \"描述\": \"It can be helpful before you brush your teeth to swish some water around in your mouth. Spit, and repeat. This gets some of the loose particles of food out of your mouth.\\nWarm water can soothe teeth and soften bristles when you have the bands on your braces changed. Remember to not brush too hard or the brackets could get damaged.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Floss your teeth.\", \"描述\": \"Flossing can seem like a difficult task to do with braces. You may want to consider Plackers, which are like floss on a stick, Platypus Orthodontia Flossers or water flossers. These flossing tools are much faster and easier to use than regular flossing and can be purchased at most stores.\\nTake a long piece of string floss (about 18 inches or 46 cm), wrap it around your index finger on each hand, and wiggle it between each tooth space. Try to bend the string around the teeth on each side of it, forming a \\\"C\\\" shape, instead of flossing straight. That will remove any plaque stuck there.\\nIf you have finishing wires, it can be almost impossible to get the floss underneath or over your double sets of wires, so just push the floss down, as described, into the tooth space; however, if you do not have your finishing wires, it's recommended to thread the floss underneath or over your wires because this is the most effective way to get rid of gingivitis and clean your teeth.\\nConsider using a water flosser — a device with an electronic water jet ideal for those with braces. These items work like flossing by getting rid of food and plaque in crevices toothbrushes can't reach.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use mouthwash.\", \"描述\": \"After flossing, put a capful of mouthwash (or follow directions) in your mouth and swish it around for at least 30 seconds. Use mouthwash that specifically states it helps rid your mouth of gingivitis.\\nA fluoride mouthwash rinse may also be beneficial. The rinse can get into spaces that a toothbrush is not able to reach and help protect against cavities. \\nTry filling the tank of your water flosser with half mouthwash, half water. This allows you to get mouthwash in the crevices of your teeth.\\nSpit the mouthwash out and do a quick rinse with some warm water.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Gargle with salt water twice a day.\", \"描述\": \"Gargle once in the morning and once in the evening. It may sting at first if you have a sore, but can actually be soothing to minor mouth injuries. This also works to prevent gingivitis.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Rinse your toothbrush before and after brushing.\", \"描述\": \"The last thing you need to do is feed gingivitis with bacteria and food particles left on your toothbrush. Always rinse your toothbrush under hot water. Run your finger up and down the bristles to rid of any food particles you left behind from last time.\\nStore your toothbrush upright and where it the bristles can air dry.\\nConsider soaking your toothbrushes in chlorhexidine mouthwash to kill more germs.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maintaining Your Smile\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Replace your toothbrushes regularly.\", \"描述\": \"It is recommended that you replace your toothbrush every three months or more often if the brush becomes worn down. When the bristles are frayed, the toothbrush won't clean your teeth as well.\\nIf you have an interdental toothbrush, you will also want to replace the head often. If your orthodontist doesn't give you a replacement, they are available at some stores. It's great to carry one around with you!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Watch what you eat.\", \"描述\": \"The best way to protect your teeth to damage is to keep food that damages teeth or braces out.\\nAvoid foods that are hard or difficult to chew, like apples, taffy, caramels, corn on the cob, hard pretzels, popcorn, nuts, carrots or bagels.\\nDon't chew on ice or bubble gum.\\nCut back or avoid sugar completely. Sugary foods and soda rot your teeth and cause plaque that can lead to gingivitis.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Eat a well-balanced diet.\", \"描述\": \"Vitamins and minerals found in a healthy diet of fiber, protein, good fats and some carbohydrates will help you fight and keep gingivitis away. Eating well also sustains good health overall, which is just as important. Look for nutritious, high fiber foods like raspberries, whole grains, bananas, greens, squash and other soft fruit.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Clean your teeth after every meal.\", \"描述\": \"It may seem like a pain, but it is crucial! Gingivitis forms in 48 hours. It can happen from lack of brushing, flossing or improper technique. Not brushing after eating can also cause stains on your teeth when you get your braces off.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get regular cleanings with your hygienist/orthodontist.\", \"描述\": \"You should have a yearly exam and cleaning at minimum and more often if you have bleeding or a history of gingivitis. If you can, get an appointment after your tightening. Chances are, you'll have to get the hydro-cleaning as it is sometimes tricky for hygienists to manipulate around your device.\\nThe use of water instead of the pick by dental personnel is very helpful for those with gingivitis. Ask if they can use the water jet or do air polishing, which involves baking soda.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Brush all your teeth; you don't want a white square left on the tooth you haven't been brushing.\\n\", \"Do not use toothpaste with whitening, it will cause discoloration when you get your braces off.\\n\", \"It requires patience to keep braces in good condition. Learn to love them and take care of them. Your smile depends on it.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Make sure to brush lightly but effectively. Brackets and arch-wire may look sturdy but can be flimsy.\\n\", \"Brush after eating foods high in sugar or dark in color!\\n\", \"Make sure not to hurt your gums brushing! If your gums usually bleed when you brush, check with your dentist. It could mean gingivitis.\\n\", \"It is very important to follow your dentist's guidelines so that brushing is done correctly to maintain the health of your mouth, gums and teeth.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,068 |
How to Brush Your Teeth Without a Toothbrush
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1. Finding Alternatives to a Toothbrush
1-1. Use a washcloth or paper towel.
A rough washcloth will do a better job of cleaning, but a paper towel will do if a washcloth is not available.
Wrap the washcloth or paper towel around your index finger, dampen it, and add toothpaste if you have some.
Brush your teeth as if using a toothbrush: begin at the gums and work down, cleaning each individual tooth with a circular motion.
Don’t forget to brush your tongue.
Rinse your mouth thoroughly when done, swishing back and forth.
1-2. Find a twig.
Before there were toothbrushes, most people brushed their teeth with twigs. In many parts of the world, they still do, using twigs from oak, arak, or neem trees. Research shows that twigs from the arak tree contain natural fluoride and antimicrobial agents, and brushing with them is as or more effective as brushing with a toothbrush and toothpaste.
Pick a young, flexible branch about 6 to 8 inches long (15 to 20 cm). You want one without real bark, only a thin skin.
Peel the skin off and chew on one end of the stick until the fibers separate, turning the end into a little brush. Use it to brush your teeth.
You can also use a toothpick to clean between teeth, but use caution so as not to hurt your gums and make them bleed.
1-3. Make do with your finger.
If no paper towels, washcloths, or twigs are at hand, you can always use your finger. Be sure to wash your hands very well first, then use your index finger as you would a toothbrush: begin at the gums and work down for the upper arch and work up for the lower arch, cleaning each individual tooth with a circular motion.
Be sure to rinse your finger before moving from your top to bottom teeth, and from the front to the back of your teeth.
Rinse your mouth thoroughly when done, swishing back and forth and from one cheek to another for at least 30 seconds.
2. Cleaning Your Teeth without Brushing
2-1. Rinse with mouthwash.
While mouthwashes should not be used as an alternative to brushing and flossing, they have been shown to kill microbes in the mouth and inhibit plaque formation. Put some in your mouth and swish it around for a minute to clean your teeth.
If you're using a Listerine mouthwash, dilute it with water at a 1:1 ratio.
2-2. Use floss to clean your teeth.
If you forgot your toothbrush but remembered floss, then you’re in luck. Many dentists believe that flossing alone is more beneficial than brushing alone in fighting tooth decay. Floss helps remove bacteria and food between your teeth and around your gums. Rinse your mouth thoroughly afterwards for a more complete clean.
Flossing leads to better blood flow in the gums in order to create an antibacterial barrier of protection surrounding your tooth
2-3. Clean your mouth in the shower.
Open your mouth and let warm water stream over your teeth. The shower will act like a water pick system, helping to rinse out your mouth and flush away plaque. Combine this with brushing with your finger for a more thorough cleaning.
2-4. Chew gum to clean your teeth.
Chewing sugar-free gum has been shown to be as effective as flossing in removing food particles, plaque, and bacteria from teeth. It also freshens your breath. The optimal length of time to chew is one minute, after which bacteria begin to be released back into the mouth from the gum.
Chewing sugar-free gum can also create the optimal balance of the salivary pH which disables the bacterial formation.
2-5. Drink or rinse your mouth with green teas.
Green tea contains polyphenol antioxidant compounds that reduce plaque and fight gum disease. Simply drink the tea, or for a deeper clean, use it as you would mouthwash.
2-6. Eat fruits and vegetables that clean your teeth.
The abrasive nature of fibrous vegetables can help to clean your teeth, while the vitamins and acids they contain have benefits for whitening teeth and fighting cavities.
Apples – Apples contain vitamin C, which is necessary for health gums, as well as malic acid, which helps to whiten teeth.
Carrots – Carrots are rich in vitamin A, which strengthens tooth enamel. The fibers in carrots can act as micro-bristles on the tooth surface and also in between your teeth, creating a natural massage of your gums.
Celery – Chewing celery produces a lot of saliva, which helps to neutralize the acids that cause cavities.
3. Using Alternatives to Toothpaste
3-1. Substitute baking soda for toothpaste.
If you forgot your toothpaste as well as your toothbrush, you can use baking soda as a substitute. It is an ingredient in many toothpastes because of its ability to whiten teeth and remove plaque. Simply place some on your finger, paper towel, or washcloth before brushing your teeth.
3-2. Try a mixture of salt and water.
Salt has natural antibacterial qualities and can eliminate some of the plaque-causing germs in your mouth when you don’t have any toothpaste. Combine 1–2 teaspoons of salt to 8 ounces of lukewarm water and allow the salt to dissolve in the water. Then dip your finger, paper towel, or washcloth in the saltwater before brushing your teeth. You can also use the salt water to rinse your mouth out after brushing.
Don’t use too much salt or use this method frequently if you have metal fillings, as salt is corrosive.
3-3. Make a toothpaste with strawberries.
Strawberries contain vitamin C to maintain gum health, a powerful astringent that helps remove plaque, and malic acid which whitens teeth. Alone or combined with baking soda, crushed strawberries are a good substitute for toothpaste.
Be sure to rinse thoroughly after brushing, as strawberries also contain sugar, which can contribute to tooth decay.
Be aware that strawberries contain fructose. This is less dangerous to your teeth than sugar, but may still contribute to some decay. Check with your dentist before starting to use a homemade strawberry toothpaste.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:56",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Finding Alternatives to a Toothbrush\\n1-1. Use a washcloth or paper towel.\\nA rough washcloth will do a better job of cleaning, but a paper towel will do if a washcloth is not available.\\nWrap the washcloth or paper towel around your index finger, dampen it, and add toothpaste if you have some.\\nBrush your teeth as if using a toothbrush: begin at the gums and work down, cleaning each individual tooth with a circular motion.\\nDon’t forget to brush your tongue.\\nRinse your mouth thoroughly when done, swishing back and forth.\\n1-2. Find a twig.\\nBefore there were toothbrushes, most people brushed their teeth with twigs. In many parts of the world, they still do, using twigs from oak, arak, or neem trees. Research shows that twigs from the arak tree contain natural fluoride and antimicrobial agents, and brushing with them is as or more effective as brushing with a toothbrush and toothpaste.\\nPick a young, flexible branch about 6 to 8 inches long (15 to 20 cm). You want one without real bark, only a thin skin.\\nPeel the skin off and chew on one end of the stick until the fibers separate, turning the end into a little brush. Use it to brush your teeth.\\nYou can also use a toothpick to clean between teeth, but use caution so as not to hurt your gums and make them bleed.\\n1-3. Make do with your finger.\\nIf no paper towels, washcloths, or twigs are at hand, you can always use your finger. Be sure to wash your hands very well first, then use your index finger as you would a toothbrush: begin at the gums and work down for the upper arch and work up for the lower arch, cleaning each individual tooth with a circular motion.\\nBe sure to rinse your finger before moving from your top to bottom teeth, and from the front to the back of your teeth.\\nRinse your mouth thoroughly when done, swishing back and forth and from one cheek to another for at least 30 seconds.\\n2. Cleaning Your Teeth without Brushing\\n2-1. Rinse with mouthwash.\\nWhile mouthwashes should not be used as an alternative to brushing and flossing, they have been shown to kill microbes in the mouth and inhibit plaque formation. Put some in your mouth and swish it around for a minute to clean your teeth.\\nIf you're using a Listerine mouthwash, dilute it with water at a 1:1 ratio.\\n2-2. Use floss to clean your teeth.\\nIf you forgot your toothbrush but remembered floss, then you’re in luck. Many dentists believe that flossing alone is more beneficial than brushing alone in fighting tooth decay. Floss helps remove bacteria and food between your teeth and around your gums. Rinse your mouth thoroughly afterwards for a more complete clean.\\nFlossing leads to better blood flow in the gums in order to create an antibacterial barrier of protection surrounding your tooth\\n2-3. Clean your mouth in the shower.\\nOpen your mouth and let warm water stream over your teeth. The shower will act like a water pick system, helping to rinse out your mouth and flush away plaque. Combine this with brushing with your finger for a more thorough cleaning.\\n2-4. Chew gum to clean your teeth.\\nChewing sugar-free gum has been shown to be as effective as flossing in removing food particles, plaque, and bacteria from teeth. It also freshens your breath. The optimal length of time to chew is one minute, after which bacteria begin to be released back into the mouth from the gum.\\nChewing sugar-free gum can also create the optimal balance of the salivary pH which disables the bacterial formation.\\n2-5. Drink or rinse your mouth with green teas.\\nGreen tea contains polyphenol antioxidant compounds that reduce plaque and fight gum disease. Simply drink the tea, or for a deeper clean, use it as you would mouthwash.\\n2-6. Eat fruits and vegetables that clean your teeth.\\nThe abrasive nature of fibrous vegetables can help to clean your teeth, while the vitamins and acids they contain have benefits for whitening teeth and fighting cavities.\\nApples – Apples contain vitamin C, which is necessary for health gums, as well as malic acid, which helps to whiten teeth.\\nCarrots – Carrots are rich in vitamin A, which strengthens tooth enamel. The fibers in carrots can act as micro-bristles on the tooth surface and also in between your teeth, creating a natural massage of your gums.\\nCelery – Chewing celery produces a lot of saliva, which helps to neutralize the acids that cause cavities.\\n3. Using Alternatives to Toothpaste\\n3-1. Substitute baking soda for toothpaste.\\nIf you forgot your toothpaste as well as your toothbrush, you can use baking soda as a substitute. It is an ingredient in many toothpastes because of its ability to whiten teeth and remove plaque. Simply place some on your finger, paper towel, or washcloth before brushing your teeth.\\n3-2. Try a mixture of salt and water.\\nSalt has natural antibacterial qualities and can eliminate some of the plaque-causing germs in your mouth when you don’t have any toothpaste. Combine 1–2 teaspoons of salt to 8 ounces of lukewarm water and allow the salt to dissolve in the water. Then dip your finger, paper towel, or washcloth in the saltwater before brushing your teeth. You can also use the salt water to rinse your mouth out after brushing.\\nDon’t use too much salt or use this method frequently if you have metal fillings, as salt is corrosive.\\n3-3. Make a toothpaste with strawberries.\\nStrawberries contain vitamin C to maintain gum health, a powerful astringent that helps remove plaque, and malic acid which whitens teeth. Alone or combined with baking soda, crushed strawberries are a good substitute for toothpaste.\\nBe sure to rinse thoroughly after brushing, as strawberries also contain sugar, which can contribute to tooth decay.\\nBe aware that strawberries contain fructose. This is less dangerous to your teeth than sugar, but may still contribute to some decay. Check with your dentist before starting to use a homemade strawberry toothpaste.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you left on a trip and forgot to pack a toothbrush, or arrived at work or school without brushing your teeth, you can still get clean teeth with a little resourcefulness. A paper towel, twig, or even your finger can serve as a toothbrush, or you can eat certain foods to help keep your teeth clean in a pinch.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Finding Alternatives to a Toothbrush\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a washcloth or paper towel.\", \"描述\": \"A rough washcloth will do a better job of cleaning, but a paper towel will do if a washcloth is not available.\\nWrap the washcloth or paper towel around your index finger, dampen it, and add toothpaste if you have some.\\nBrush your teeth as if using a toothbrush: begin at the gums and work down, cleaning each individual tooth with a circular motion.\\nDon’t forget to brush your tongue.\\nRinse your mouth thoroughly when done, swishing back and forth.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find a twig.\", \"描述\": \"Before there were toothbrushes, most people brushed their teeth with twigs. In many parts of the world, they still do, using twigs from oak, arak, or neem trees. Research shows that twigs from the arak tree contain natural fluoride and antimicrobial agents, and brushing with them is as or more effective as brushing with a toothbrush and toothpaste.\\nPick a young, flexible branch about 6 to 8 inches long (15 to 20 cm). You want one without real bark, only a thin skin.\\nPeel the skin off and chew on one end of the stick until the fibers separate, turning the end into a little brush. Use it to brush your teeth.\\nYou can also use a toothpick to clean between teeth, but use caution so as not to hurt your gums and make them bleed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make do with your finger.\", \"描述\": \"If no paper towels, washcloths, or twigs are at hand, you can always use your finger. Be sure to wash your hands very well first, then use your index finger as you would a toothbrush: begin at the gums and work down for the upper arch and work up for the lower arch, cleaning each individual tooth with a circular motion.\\nBe sure to rinse your finger before moving from your top to bottom teeth, and from the front to the back of your teeth.\\nRinse your mouth thoroughly when done, swishing back and forth and from one cheek to another for at least 30 seconds.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cleaning Your Teeth without Brushing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Rinse with mouthwash.\", \"描述\": \"While mouthwashes should not be used as an alternative to brushing and flossing, they have been shown to kill microbes in the mouth and inhibit plaque formation. Put some in your mouth and swish it around for a minute to clean your teeth.\\nIf you're using a Listerine mouthwash, dilute it with water at a 1:1 ratio.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use floss to clean your teeth.\", \"描述\": \"If you forgot your toothbrush but remembered floss, then you’re in luck. Many dentists believe that flossing alone is more beneficial than brushing alone in fighting tooth decay. Floss helps remove bacteria and food between your teeth and around your gums. Rinse your mouth thoroughly afterwards for a more complete clean.\\nFlossing leads to better blood flow in the gums in order to create an antibacterial barrier of protection surrounding your tooth\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Clean your mouth in the shower.\", \"描述\": \"Open your mouth and let warm water stream over your teeth. The shower will act like a water pick system, helping to rinse out your mouth and flush away plaque. Combine this with brushing with your finger for a more thorough cleaning.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Chew gum to clean your teeth.\", \"描述\": \"Chewing sugar-free gum has been shown to be as effective as flossing in removing food particles, plaque, and bacteria from teeth. It also freshens your breath. The optimal length of time to chew is one minute, after which bacteria begin to be released back into the mouth from the gum.\\nChewing sugar-free gum can also create the optimal balance of the salivary pH which disables the bacterial formation.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Drink or rinse your mouth with green teas.\", \"描述\": \"Green tea contains polyphenol antioxidant compounds that reduce plaque and fight gum disease. Simply drink the tea, or for a deeper clean, use it as you would mouthwash.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Eat fruits and vegetables that clean your teeth.\", \"描述\": \"The abrasive nature of fibrous vegetables can help to clean your teeth, while the vitamins and acids they contain have benefits for whitening teeth and fighting cavities.\\nApples – Apples contain vitamin C, which is necessary for health gums, as well as malic acid, which helps to whiten teeth.\\nCarrots – Carrots are rich in vitamin A, which strengthens tooth enamel. The fibers in carrots can act as micro-bristles on the tooth surface and also in between your teeth, creating a natural massage of your gums.\\nCelery – Chewing celery produces a lot of saliva, which helps to neutralize the acids that cause cavities.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using Alternatives to Toothpaste\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Substitute baking soda for toothpaste.\", \"描述\": \"If you forgot your toothpaste as well as your toothbrush, you can use baking soda as a substitute. It is an ingredient in many toothpastes because of its ability to whiten teeth and remove plaque. Simply place some on your finger, paper towel, or washcloth before brushing your teeth.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try a mixture of salt and water.\", \"描述\": \"Salt has natural antibacterial qualities and can eliminate some of the plaque-causing germs in your mouth when you don’t have any toothpaste. Combine 1–2 teaspoons of salt to 8 ounces of lukewarm water and allow the salt to dissolve in the water. Then dip your finger, paper towel, or washcloth in the saltwater before brushing your teeth. You can also use the salt water to rinse your mouth out after brushing.\\nDon’t use too much salt or use this method frequently if you have metal fillings, as salt is corrosive.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make a toothpaste with strawberries.\", \"描述\": \"Strawberries contain vitamin C to maintain gum health, a powerful astringent that helps remove plaque, and malic acid which whitens teeth. Alone or combined with baking soda, crushed strawberries are a good substitute for toothpaste.\\nBe sure to rinse thoroughly after brushing, as strawberries also contain sugar, which can contribute to tooth decay.\\nBe aware that strawberries contain fructose. This is less dangerous to your teeth than sugar, but may still contribute to some decay. Check with your dentist before starting to use a homemade strawberry toothpaste.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,069 |
How to Brush Your Teeth with a Tongue Piercing
|
1. Cleaning Your Teeth While Your Tongue is Healing
1-1. Leave jewelry in place until the piercing heals.
You do not need to remove your jewelry when you brush your teeth. In fact, if you remove it, you run the risk of irritating your tongue or having the piercing close up. Tongue piercings heal much quicker than many other piercings, so don't risk removing jewelry at first. Besides, fresh piercings make your tongue too tender to touch.
Tongue piercings heal within 6 to 8 weeks on average. After that point, you can remove the piercing whenever you want. Try taking it out when you eat or brush your teeth to help keep it clean.
1-2. Use a new toothbrush when you first get your piercing.
Toothbrushes collect bacteria over time, so getting a new brush reduces the chances of infection. Look for slim toothbrushes designed to reach small spaces. Slimmer soft-bristled brushes are useful for brushing both your teeth and your piercing.
Stop at your local drug store or general store to get a new toothbrush. Brushes are inexpensive compared to the cost of discomfort and medical treatment for an infection.
1-3. Hold the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle to avoid bumping the piercing.
Starting at the back of your mouth, position your toothbrush with the bristles facing the roots of your teeth. Take care of the inside portion of each tooth first. Work from the back to the front and repeat with your other row of teeth. Avoid the piercing for now, especially if you just had it put in.
New piercings make your tongue very sensitive. Try to avoid it as best you can by holding the toothbrush at an angle. The swelling goes away after 7 to 10 days.
1-4. Brush your teeth using circular motions for 2 to 3 minutes.
Instead of using a back and forth motion, move in small circles. This cleans your teeth effectively without damaging the enamel or hitting your piercing. Continue doing this for a few minutes to ensure you remove all plaque and debris. Brush the inside, outside, and top of each tooth to keep your smile healthy.
As you brush, roll or sweep the toothbrush down from the tops of your teeth to direct the debris into your mouth.
Don’t rush! Rushing is tempting, but quick brushing may leave debris that can wear down your teeth or get into your piercing.
1-5. Brush your teeth 3 times a day after eating.
For great teeth, reach for your toothbrush about half an hour after every meal. This is especially important while your piercing heals, since it clears away plaque and food particles that can lead to an infection. However, stay hygienic by making it a part of your routine even after your mouth goes back to normal.
Acidic foods wear down your teeth if you brush right away after eating. Some examples of acidic food include grains, sugar, fish, some meat, and sweetened drinks. Drinking water after eating or brushing before you eat are ways to protect your teeth.
Frequent brushing is a great way to keep your teeth in shape and avoid some tense visits to the dentist. Keep in mind, though, that brushing too hard or too frequently can wear down enamel.
After brushing, floss the space between your teeth as you normally do. Take extra care while working on the areas close to the hole in your tongue. Knocking your hand against it could be painful.
2. Using Mouthwashes
2-1. Mix salt and warm water to create a healing rinse for fresh piercings.
Make sure you use an iodine-free salt to avoid irritating your tongue. Stir about ¼ teaspoon, or 1.25 g (0.044 oz), of sea salt into 236.59 mL (8.000 fl oz) of warm water. Use bottled or distilled water if you have some available.
You may be able to find prepackaged, sterile saline solutions made for wound care. These are very good when you don’t have time to make your own saltwater.
You can prepare the saltwater in advance and store it in the refrigerator until you need it.
2-2. Rinse your mouth with saltwater twice a day until the piercing heals.
The best time to use the saline solution is after you eat in the morning and at night. You could also do it when you get up and before you go to bed, but the solution works best when neutralizing leftover food particles. Swirl the solution gently around in your mouth for 10 to 15 seconds before spitting it out.
You can use the saline solution 4 or 5 times a day. It’s a great alternative to using harsher mouthwashes after every single meal and helps your tongue heal a little faster.
Saline solutions are also very good for cleaning piercings you can’t remove or touch without problems.
2-3. Use an alcohol-free mouthwash after every meal until the piercing heals.
Antimicrobial and antibacterial mouthwashes are great to have around your home, especially while your piercing is healing. Alcohol and other antiseptics irritate fresh piercings, so avoid them as much as possible. If you can find mouthwashes designed to treat oral wounds, take advantage of them to help your piercing heal.
Look for chlorhexidine mouthwashes at your local drug store or general store.
Use a mouthwash no more than 4 to 5 times a day. Try rinsing with mouthwash whenever you eat anything other than water.
2-4. Reduce mouthwash usage to once a day after the piercing heals.
After the piercing heals in 6 to 8 weeks, you no longer need the mouthwash quite as often and may choose to stop using it entirely. If you continue using it, use it sparingly to avoid it from wearing down your teeth. Swirl it around your mouth for 30 to 60 seconds before spitting it out.
Using a mouthwash is especially important when you notice sores or other issues in your mouth. These spots can get infected by bacteria even after the initial piercing has healed.
3. Caring for Your Mouth Long-Term
3-1. Brush the area around the piercing after the swelling dies down.
Keep your piercing in place while you do this. After you finish brushing your teeth, start working on your tongue. Gently push the bristles into the space around the piercing. Scrub the area as much as you can to remove bacteria, then rinse with fresh water when you’re done.
Wait about a week for the swelling to go down after getting a new piercing. You won’t enjoy trying to do this before then. Give your tongue plenty of rest until then.
Try to move the piercing as little as possible until your tongue heals. It heals completely after 6 to 8 weeks, but it is most delicate in the first 10 days.
3-2. Scrub the ends and post of the piercing to keep it clean.
Expect a white plaque to settle over it if you don’t clean it every day. Brush the entire piercing as thoroughly as you can. This includes the piercing’s ends and the part going through your tongue. Be gentle with it, especially while the hole heals.
If your tongue feels too tender to touch with a brush, try wiping it off with your finger. Use a little toothpaste or some hand soap, then rinse out your mouth with clean water.
3-3. Use your toothbrush to scrub removed jewelry.
Once you are able to remove your piercing freely, consider taking it out to give it a more thorough cleaning. Wash your hands thoroughly before touching it. Then, dip the piercing in a mixture of about 5 mL (0.17 fl oz) mouthwash and 10 mL (0.34 fl oz) water. Dip your toothbrush in the solution and use it to scrub away any debris.
Another option is to soak the piercing in diluted mouthwash or a saline solution for 5 to 10 minutes. Rinse it off with clean water when you’re done.
If you brush and use mouthwash regularly, deep cleaning jewelry this way isn’t often necessary. When your jewelry starts looking a little cloudy, take it out and freshen it up.
Keep in mind that tongue piercings often heal quickly. Your piercing may start to fill in within 30 minutes if it is new. Everyone heals at a different rate, and it heals more slowly the longer you have it.
3-4. See your dentist every six months for a checkup.
Maintaining good oral hygiene at all times is important. Even with proper home care, you still need professional cleanings and inspections. Your dentist can help you identify health issues before they turn into bigger problems.
Ask your dentist for advice on proper brushing and flossing techniques as well as how to keep a piercing clean.
3-5. Inspect your mouth for sores and anything else out of the ordinary.
Tongue piercings may lead to complications, so be prepared for them. The worst part is usually when you first get the piercing done, although tears and sores can happen at any time. Most problems are easy to handle with proper brushing and cleaning, but call a dentist or doctor during an emergency.
Your tongue will swell up when you first get a piercing done. It’s awkward and a little painful, but it goes away after about a week.
Watch for cuts and sores, especially if you tug on your piercing. Bacteria easily gets into these spots, leading to an infection. Use mouthwash until the spots heal.
Visit a doctor right away if you experience severe swelling or signs of an infection like fever, chills, and red streaks on your tongue.
Tips
Alcohol and cigarettes are bad for your teeth and health normally, but they also delay the healing process for piercings. Chewing gum can also increase the chances of complications like infections.[10]
X
Research source
Eat slowly and avoid putting non-food items in your mouth while your piercing heals. Also, don’t play with your piercing or otherwise move it more than you need to.
Use your fingers to place food on your teeth as the piercing heals. That way, you avoid bumping and getting debris into a fresh hole.
Warnings
Infections are always a threat with piercings, so maintain proper care of your mouth and visit a medical professional when you experience adverse symptoms.[11]
X
Trustworthy Source
American Academy of Family Physicians
Organization devoted to improving the health of patients, families, and communities
Go to source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:56",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Cleaning Your Teeth While Your Tongue is Healing\\n1-1. Leave jewelry in place until the piercing heals.\\nYou do not need to remove your jewelry when you brush your teeth. In fact, if you remove it, you run the risk of irritating your tongue or having the piercing close up. Tongue piercings heal much quicker than many other piercings, so don't risk removing jewelry at first. Besides, fresh piercings make your tongue too tender to touch.\\nTongue piercings heal within 6 to 8 weeks on average. After that point, you can remove the piercing whenever you want. Try taking it out when you eat or brush your teeth to help keep it clean.\\n1-2. Use a new toothbrush when you first get your piercing.\\nToothbrushes collect bacteria over time, so getting a new brush reduces the chances of infection. Look for slim toothbrushes designed to reach small spaces. Slimmer soft-bristled brushes are useful for brushing both your teeth and your piercing. \\nStop at your local drug store or general store to get a new toothbrush. Brushes are inexpensive compared to the cost of discomfort and medical treatment for an infection.\\n1-3. Hold the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle to avoid bumping the piercing.\\nStarting at the back of your mouth, position your toothbrush with the bristles facing the roots of your teeth. Take care of the inside portion of each tooth first. Work from the back to the front and repeat with your other row of teeth. Avoid the piercing for now, especially if you just had it put in.\\nNew piercings make your tongue very sensitive. Try to avoid it as best you can by holding the toothbrush at an angle. The swelling goes away after 7 to 10 days.\\n1-4. Brush your teeth using circular motions for 2 to 3 minutes.\\nInstead of using a back and forth motion, move in small circles. This cleans your teeth effectively without damaging the enamel or hitting your piercing. Continue doing this for a few minutes to ensure you remove all plaque and debris. Brush the inside, outside, and top of each tooth to keep your smile healthy.\\nAs you brush, roll or sweep the toothbrush down from the tops of your teeth to direct the debris into your mouth.\\nDon’t rush! Rushing is tempting, but quick brushing may leave debris that can wear down your teeth or get into your piercing.\\n1-5. Brush your teeth 3 times a day after eating.\\nFor great teeth, reach for your toothbrush about half an hour after every meal. This is especially important while your piercing heals, since it clears away plaque and food particles that can lead to an infection. However, stay hygienic by making it a part of your routine even after your mouth goes back to normal.\\nAcidic foods wear down your teeth if you brush right away after eating. Some examples of acidic food include grains, sugar, fish, some meat, and sweetened drinks. Drinking water after eating or brushing before you eat are ways to protect your teeth.\\nFrequent brushing is a great way to keep your teeth in shape and avoid some tense visits to the dentist. Keep in mind, though, that brushing too hard or too frequently can wear down enamel.\\nAfter brushing, floss the space between your teeth as you normally do. Take extra care while working on the areas close to the hole in your tongue. Knocking your hand against it could be painful.\\n2. Using Mouthwashes\\n2-1. Mix salt and warm water to create a healing rinse for fresh piercings.\\nMake sure you use an iodine-free salt to avoid irritating your tongue. Stir about ¼ teaspoon, or 1.25 g (0.044 oz), of sea salt into 236.59 mL (8.000 fl oz) of warm water. Use bottled or distilled water if you have some available.\\nYou may be able to find prepackaged, sterile saline solutions made for wound care. These are very good when you don’t have time to make your own saltwater.\\nYou can prepare the saltwater in advance and store it in the refrigerator until you need it.\\n2-2. Rinse your mouth with saltwater twice a day until the piercing heals.\\nThe best time to use the saline solution is after you eat in the morning and at night. You could also do it when you get up and before you go to bed, but the solution works best when neutralizing leftover food particles. Swirl the solution gently around in your mouth for 10 to 15 seconds before spitting it out.\\nYou can use the saline solution 4 or 5 times a day. It’s a great alternative to using harsher mouthwashes after every single meal and helps your tongue heal a little faster.\\nSaline solutions are also very good for cleaning piercings you can’t remove or touch without problems.\\n2-3. Use an alcohol-free mouthwash after every meal until the piercing heals.\\nAntimicrobial and antibacterial mouthwashes are great to have around your home, especially while your piercing is healing. Alcohol and other antiseptics irritate fresh piercings, so avoid them as much as possible. If you can find mouthwashes designed to treat oral wounds, take advantage of them to help your piercing heal.\\nLook for chlorhexidine mouthwashes at your local drug store or general store.\\nUse a mouthwash no more than 4 to 5 times a day. Try rinsing with mouthwash whenever you eat anything other than water.\\n2-4. Reduce mouthwash usage to once a day after the piercing heals.\\nAfter the piercing heals in 6 to 8 weeks, you no longer need the mouthwash quite as often and may choose to stop using it entirely. If you continue using it, use it sparingly to avoid it from wearing down your teeth. Swirl it around your mouth for 30 to 60 seconds before spitting it out.\\nUsing a mouthwash is especially important when you notice sores or other issues in your mouth. These spots can get infected by bacteria even after the initial piercing has healed.\\n3. Caring for Your Mouth Long-Term\\n3-1. Brush the area around the piercing after the swelling dies down.\\nKeep your piercing in place while you do this. After you finish brushing your teeth, start working on your tongue. Gently push the bristles into the space around the piercing. Scrub the area as much as you can to remove bacteria, then rinse with fresh water when you’re done. \\nWait about a week for the swelling to go down after getting a new piercing. You won’t enjoy trying to do this before then. Give your tongue plenty of rest until then.\\nTry to move the piercing as little as possible until your tongue heals. It heals completely after 6 to 8 weeks, but it is most delicate in the first 10 days.\\n3-2. Scrub the ends and post of the piercing to keep it clean.\\nExpect a white plaque to settle over it if you don’t clean it every day. Brush the entire piercing as thoroughly as you can. This includes the piercing’s ends and the part going through your tongue. Be gentle with it, especially while the hole heals.\\nIf your tongue feels too tender to touch with a brush, try wiping it off with your finger. Use a little toothpaste or some hand soap, then rinse out your mouth with clean water.\\n3-3. Use your toothbrush to scrub removed jewelry.\\nOnce you are able to remove your piercing freely, consider taking it out to give it a more thorough cleaning. Wash your hands thoroughly before touching it. Then, dip the piercing in a mixture of about 5 mL (0.17 fl oz) mouthwash and 10 mL (0.34 fl oz) water. Dip your toothbrush in the solution and use it to scrub away any debris. \\nAnother option is to soak the piercing in diluted mouthwash or a saline solution for 5 to 10 minutes. Rinse it off with clean water when you’re done.\\nIf you brush and use mouthwash regularly, deep cleaning jewelry this way isn’t often necessary. When your jewelry starts looking a little cloudy, take it out and freshen it up.\\nKeep in mind that tongue piercings often heal quickly. Your piercing may start to fill in within 30 minutes if it is new. Everyone heals at a different rate, and it heals more slowly the longer you have it.\\n3-4. See your dentist every six months for a checkup.\\nMaintaining good oral hygiene at all times is important. Even with proper home care, you still need professional cleanings and inspections. Your dentist can help you identify health issues before they turn into bigger problems.\\nAsk your dentist for advice on proper brushing and flossing techniques as well as how to keep a piercing clean.\\n3-5. Inspect your mouth for sores and anything else out of the ordinary.\\nTongue piercings may lead to complications, so be prepared for them. The worst part is usually when you first get the piercing done, although tears and sores can happen at any time. Most problems are easy to handle with proper brushing and cleaning, but call a dentist or doctor during an emergency.\\nYour tongue will swell up when you first get a piercing done. It’s awkward and a little painful, but it goes away after about a week.\\nWatch for cuts and sores, especially if you tug on your piercing. Bacteria easily gets into these spots, leading to an infection. Use mouthwash until the spots heal.\\nVisit a doctor right away if you experience severe swelling or signs of an infection like fever, chills, and red streaks on your tongue.\\nTips\\nAlcohol and cigarettes are bad for your teeth and health normally, but they also delay the healing process for piercings. Chewing gum can also increase the chances of complications like infections.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nEat slowly and avoid putting non-food items in your mouth while your piercing heals. Also, don’t play with your piercing or otherwise move it more than you need to.\\nUse your fingers to place food on your teeth as the piercing heals. That way, you avoid bumping and getting debris into a fresh hole.\\nWarnings\\nInfections are always a threat with piercings, so maintain proper care of your mouth and visit a medical professional when you experience adverse symptoms.[11]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nAmerican Academy of Family Physicians\\nOrganization devoted to improving the health of patients, families, and communities\\nGo to source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Taking care of your teeth is good for your overall health, but it also keeps your tongue piercing clean. Use a safe brushing technique to work around your piercing. Rinsing with mouthwash and saltwater also helps clean your teeth and heal your tongue. Proper oral care enables you to feel healthier and preserve your favorite jewelry for longer, so take time to brush your teeth every day.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cleaning Your Teeth While Your Tongue is Healing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Leave jewelry in place until the piercing heals.\", \"描述\": \"You do not need to remove your jewelry when you brush your teeth. In fact, if you remove it, you run the risk of irritating your tongue or having the piercing close up. Tongue piercings heal much quicker than many other piercings, so don't risk removing jewelry at first. Besides, fresh piercings make your tongue too tender to touch.\\nTongue piercings heal within 6 to 8 weeks on average. After that point, you can remove the piercing whenever you want. Try taking it out when you eat or brush your teeth to help keep it clean.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use a new toothbrush when you first get your piercing.\", \"描述\": \"Toothbrushes collect bacteria over time, so getting a new brush reduces the chances of infection. Look for slim toothbrushes designed to reach small spaces. Slimmer soft-bristled brushes are useful for brushing both your teeth and your piercing. \\nStop at your local drug store or general store to get a new toothbrush. Brushes are inexpensive compared to the cost of discomfort and medical treatment for an infection.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hold the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle to avoid bumping the piercing.\", \"描述\": \"Starting at the back of your mouth, position your toothbrush with the bristles facing the roots of your teeth. Take care of the inside portion of each tooth first. Work from the back to the front and repeat with your other row of teeth. Avoid the piercing for now, especially if you just had it put in.\\nNew piercings make your tongue very sensitive. Try to avoid it as best you can by holding the toothbrush at an angle. The swelling goes away after 7 to 10 days.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Brush your teeth using circular motions for 2 to 3 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of using a back and forth motion, move in small circles. This cleans your teeth effectively without damaging the enamel or hitting your piercing. Continue doing this for a few minutes to ensure you remove all plaque and debris. Brush the inside, outside, and top of each tooth to keep your smile healthy.\\nAs you brush, roll or sweep the toothbrush down from the tops of your teeth to direct the debris into your mouth.\\nDon’t rush! Rushing is tempting, but quick brushing may leave debris that can wear down your teeth or get into your piercing.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Brush your teeth 3 times a day after eating.\", \"描述\": \"For great teeth, reach for your toothbrush about half an hour after every meal. This is especially important while your piercing heals, since it clears away plaque and food particles that can lead to an infection. However, stay hygienic by making it a part of your routine even after your mouth goes back to normal.\\nAcidic foods wear down your teeth if you brush right away after eating. Some examples of acidic food include grains, sugar, fish, some meat, and sweetened drinks. Drinking water after eating or brushing before you eat are ways to protect your teeth.\\nFrequent brushing is a great way to keep your teeth in shape and avoid some tense visits to the dentist. Keep in mind, though, that brushing too hard or too frequently can wear down enamel.\\nAfter brushing, floss the space between your teeth as you normally do. Take extra care while working on the areas close to the hole in your tongue. Knocking your hand against it could be painful.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Mouthwashes\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Mix salt and warm water to create a healing rinse for fresh piercings.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure you use an iodine-free salt to avoid irritating your tongue. Stir about ¼ teaspoon, or 1.25 g (0.044 oz), of sea salt into 236.59 mL (8.000 fl oz) of warm water. Use bottled or distilled water if you have some available.\\nYou may be able to find prepackaged, sterile saline solutions made for wound care. These are very good when you don’t have time to make your own saltwater.\\nYou can prepare the saltwater in advance and store it in the refrigerator until you need it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Rinse your mouth with saltwater twice a day until the piercing heals.\", \"描述\": \"The best time to use the saline solution is after you eat in the morning and at night. You could also do it when you get up and before you go to bed, but the solution works best when neutralizing leftover food particles. Swirl the solution gently around in your mouth for 10 to 15 seconds before spitting it out.\\nYou can use the saline solution 4 or 5 times a day. It’s a great alternative to using harsher mouthwashes after every single meal and helps your tongue heal a little faster.\\nSaline solutions are also very good for cleaning piercings you can’t remove or touch without problems.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use an alcohol-free mouthwash after every meal until the piercing heals.\", \"描述\": \"Antimicrobial and antibacterial mouthwashes are great to have around your home, especially while your piercing is healing. Alcohol and other antiseptics irritate fresh piercings, so avoid them as much as possible. If you can find mouthwashes designed to treat oral wounds, take advantage of them to help your piercing heal.\\nLook for chlorhexidine mouthwashes at your local drug store or general store.\\nUse a mouthwash no more than 4 to 5 times a day. Try rinsing with mouthwash whenever you eat anything other than water.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Reduce mouthwash usage to once a day after the piercing heals.\", \"描述\": \"After the piercing heals in 6 to 8 weeks, you no longer need the mouthwash quite as often and may choose to stop using it entirely. If you continue using it, use it sparingly to avoid it from wearing down your teeth. Swirl it around your mouth for 30 to 60 seconds before spitting it out.\\nUsing a mouthwash is especially important when you notice sores or other issues in your mouth. These spots can get infected by bacteria even after the initial piercing has healed.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Caring for Your Mouth Long-Term\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brush the area around the piercing after the swelling dies down.\", \"描述\": \"Keep your piercing in place while you do this. After you finish brushing your teeth, start working on your tongue. Gently push the bristles into the space around the piercing. Scrub the area as much as you can to remove bacteria, then rinse with fresh water when you’re done. \\nWait about a week for the swelling to go down after getting a new piercing. You won’t enjoy trying to do this before then. Give your tongue plenty of rest until then.\\nTry to move the piercing as little as possible until your tongue heals. It heals completely after 6 to 8 weeks, but it is most delicate in the first 10 days.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Scrub the ends and post of the piercing to keep it clean.\", \"描述\": \"Expect a white plaque to settle over it if you don’t clean it every day. Brush the entire piercing as thoroughly as you can. This includes the piercing’s ends and the part going through your tongue. Be gentle with it, especially while the hole heals.\\nIf your tongue feels too tender to touch with a brush, try wiping it off with your finger. Use a little toothpaste or some hand soap, then rinse out your mouth with clean water.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use your toothbrush to scrub removed jewelry.\", \"描述\": \"Once you are able to remove your piercing freely, consider taking it out to give it a more thorough cleaning. Wash your hands thoroughly before touching it. Then, dip the piercing in a mixture of about 5 mL (0.17 fl oz) mouthwash and 10 mL (0.34 fl oz) water. Dip your toothbrush in the solution and use it to scrub away any debris. \\nAnother option is to soak the piercing in diluted mouthwash or a saline solution for 5 to 10 minutes. Rinse it off with clean water when you’re done.\\nIf you brush and use mouthwash regularly, deep cleaning jewelry this way isn’t often necessary. When your jewelry starts looking a little cloudy, take it out and freshen it up.\\nKeep in mind that tongue piercings often heal quickly. Your piercing may start to fill in within 30 minutes if it is new. Everyone heals at a different rate, and it heals more slowly the longer you have it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"See your dentist every six months for a checkup.\", \"描述\": \"Maintaining good oral hygiene at all times is important. Even with proper home care, you still need professional cleanings and inspections. Your dentist can help you identify health issues before they turn into bigger problems.\\nAsk your dentist for advice on proper brushing and flossing techniques as well as how to keep a piercing clean.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Inspect your mouth for sores and anything else out of the ordinary.\", \"描述\": \"Tongue piercings may lead to complications, so be prepared for them. The worst part is usually when you first get the piercing done, although tears and sores can happen at any time. Most problems are easy to handle with proper brushing and cleaning, but call a dentist or doctor during an emergency.\\nYour tongue will swell up when you first get a piercing done. It’s awkward and a little painful, but it goes away after about a week.\\nWatch for cuts and sores, especially if you tug on your piercing. Bacteria easily gets into these spots, leading to an infection. Use mouthwash until the spots heal.\\nVisit a doctor right away if you experience severe swelling or signs of an infection like fever, chills, and red streaks on your tongue.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Alcohol and cigarettes are bad for your teeth and health normally, but they also delay the healing process for piercings. Chewing gum can also increase the chances of complications like infections.[10]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Eat slowly and avoid putting non-food items in your mouth while your piercing heals. Also, don’t play with your piercing or otherwise move it more than you need to.\\n\", \"Use your fingers to place food on your teeth as the piercing heals. That way, you avoid bumping and getting debris into a fresh hole.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Infections are always a threat with piercings, so maintain proper care of your mouth and visit a medical professional when you experience adverse symptoms.[11]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nAmerican Academy of Family Physicians\\nOrganization devoted to improving the health of patients, families, and communities\\nGo to source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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7,070 |
How to Brush a Dog's Teeth
|
1. Getting Ready to Brush
1-1. Get a dog toothbrush.
There are a wide variety of toothbrushes to choose from that are designed for dogs. They are available at any pet store.
Dog brushes have softer bristles and are designed to give you easier access to those hard to reach areas.
Choose a brush based on the size of your dog. You can use a bigger toothbrush for bigger dogs, but a smaller dogs will need a brush that will easily fit into its mouth.
There are also finger brushes that fit onto the end of your finger and can provide better precision. But, these brushes also increase the likelihood of your dog accidentally biting your finger.
Do not use an adult human toothbrush to brush your dog's teeth. You can use a soft child’s toothbrush if necessary.
Other options to try if your dog resists the brush include specially designed pads and sponges.
1-2. Pick out a dog toothpaste.
Like brushes, there are many different toothpastes made for dogs. Do not ever use human toothpaste to brush your dog's teeth.
Human toothpaste contains fluoride and sometimes other ingredients that can be toxic. We don't swallow toothpaste when we brush, but many dogs do. Eating human toothpaste can cause vomiting and possible kidney damage.
Dog toothpaste is available in many different flavors to help make brushing easier and more pleasant for your dog.
You may have to try several flavors to find the one that works best for you and your dog.
1-3. Start when your dog is young.
The ideal time to start brushing a dog’s teeth is when it is a puppy. You can start as early as eight weeks of age.
Starting young can help a dog become accustomed to the feel of the brush and the act of brushing.
It will not, however, make much difference in the overall cleanliness of a dog's teeth. This is because it will not have all its permanent teeth until it is six to seven months old.
1-4. Choose a good time for brushing.
When you brush your dog's teeth can have a big impact on how successful you are. Try to brush the dog's teeth when it is calm and relaxed.
A good time to try this is after the dog has been exercising or playing. It will hopefully be tired and less likely to struggle with you.
2. Brushing The Dog's Teeth
2-1. Get your dog comfortable with your hand in its mouth.
When first starting to brush your dog's teeth, take it slow to gradually get the animal used to your hands in and around its mouth. Frequently touch around the dog's mouth and muzzle with your fingers.
It may take time for it to get used to you touching this area.
2-2. Let the dog lick some toothpaste off your finger.
Start the process by letting the dog lick a small amount of toothpaste off of your finger. This will help you determine how well it likes the toothpaste. It will also help the dog to get used to the taste, making it more likely accept the toothpaste when it is on the toothbrush.
After the dog licks the toothpaste, rub your finger along the teeth and gums while lifting the lips. This is the same motion that you will use when brushing and will help with transitioning to using a brush.
2-3. Show the toothbrush to your dog.
Next, show the toothbrush to your dog and let it inspect the brush before putting it in its mouth.
You can also let the dog lick some toothpaste off the brush. Praise the dog for this behavior. This will help the dog become accustomed to the brush being around its mouth.
2-4. Brush a few teeth.
With or without using toothpaste, gently brush one or a few of the easiest to reach teeth. The canine teeth are the longest and usually the easiest to to reach.
Gently lift the upper lip and place the toothbrush onto the teeth. Then, slowly brush back and forth.
This will help your dog get used to the new feeling of the brush on their teeth and gums, and also lets you see how they respond.
Some dogs will be receptive to brushing, but if your dog is reluctant or acting aggressive, proceed cautiously. Ideally, try it while a friend or family member can pet and help to calm the dog.
Using a calm and soothing voice can also help to keep your dog calm. If your dog continues to resist or to be aggressive, try giving it a break and trying again later or another day. If this behavior continues, consult with your veterinarian or dog trainer for advice on what to try next.
After brushing just a few teeth, reward the dog with a treat and end the session.
2-5. Brush the outsides of the dog's teeth.
Once your dog is used to the taste of the toothpaste and the feel of the toothbrush, it is time to combine the two. Place a small amount of toothpaste on the toothbrush and slowly and gently start to brush in the same area as before. Then, gradually move along the entire outside surface of all the upper and lower teeth.
Increase the number of teeth you brush each time until the dog is comfortable having all of them brushed.
Try to brush along the entire gum line. This allows you to get them used to the act of brushing without having to try to open the dog's mouth.
Limit the brushing sessions to just a few minutes each. It may take a few sessions to get your dog used to the process.
Throughout the process, praise the dog in a calm voice while brushing.
2-6. Brush the inside surfaces.
Once you are able to brush the outsides of all the teeth in one session, you are ready to try brushing along the inside surfaces.
Put one hand over the top of the muzzle, lifting the upper lips, and open the dog's mouth. If the dog is reluctant to open, applying gentle inward pressure can help to get it to open its mouth.
Once the mouth is open, brush a small area of the inside teeth surfaces. As always, go slowly, brushing small areas to start. Move on to larger areas as the dog becomes more accustomed to brushing.
Your dog's tongue naturally helps to control tartar build up along the inside surfaces. Brushing there will make a big difference though.
2-7. Make it a routine.
The more often you brush your dog's teeth, the more it will get accustomed to your hands in and around its mouth. This will make brushing easier over time.
Brushing your dog's teeth every day is ideal. It will help to prevent periodontal disease that can lead to pain and dangerous infections.
If your dog has loose teeth, seems sensitive around its mouth, or is bleeding orally, consult a veterinarian before you continue brushing.
Start slowly and try to work up to daily brushing. If you are unable to brush every day, try to brush as often as possible.
3. Cleaning the Teeth of an Uncooperative Dog
3-1. Use a cloth.
Using a toothbrush and toothpaste is ideal. But, if your dog will not tolerate brushing, there are other options available. If your dog will not tolerate a toothbrush, try applying toothpaste with a thin piece of material.
You can use an old pair of stockings, a worn washcloth, or a piece of gauze wrapped around your finger.
Using this method to "brush" will create some friction while applying the paste and help to slow plaque build-up.
3-2. Use chew toys.
Chew toys can help wipe away soft tartar and massage the gums. They also prevent boredom and reduce stress.
Give your dog rawhide, nylon, and rubber chew toys. Ask your veterinarian for a recommendation.
Giving your dog chew toys and bones is a good supplement to regular brushing. They are not a good replacement for brushing in the long term.
3-3. Pick a food that helps clean teeth.
Feeding dry dog food and treats rather than canned food will help to slow the build-up of plaque and tartar.
There are also special foods designed to aid in cleaning teeth as a dog eats, but these are not meant to replace brushing.
3-4. Try a gel or spray.
Other alternatives to brushing include sprays and gels that you can apply regularly. They contain ingredients that help to deter the bacterial growth that causes tartar build-up.
Consult with your veterinarian about using these and other products.
3-5. Get a professional cleaning.
If your dog will not accept you cleaning its teeth, bring it to the vet and have it done for you.
Also be sure to discuss your dog's dental health at your regular vet visits.
Tips
As with any training activity, you can use treats and extra attention as rewards after each successful step in the process. This can help to make this a positive experience and help to encourage cooperation. Choose hard treats that will aid in fighting plaque build-up.[32]
X
Research source
Smaller dogs and those with short snouts, such as Shih Tzus and Bulldogs, can benefit most from frequent brushings. At least once or even twice a day is ideal, because these dogs' teeth are closer together and jammed into a smaller space. This can make it easier for these dogs to build up plaque and tartar.[33]
X
Trustworthy Source
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
Leading organization dedicated to the prevention of animal cruelty
Go to source
If you yell at your dog, it will associate the brushing session with negativity. Be gentle and relaxed.
Warnings
If you see that your dog needs further help with its teeth, consult your vet.
If a dog's teeth are not taken care of, there can be many negative health consequences beyond oral hygiene. Good mouth care means a longer, happier life for your best friend.
Do not try to overpower or force your dog if it resists brushing. If your dog shows signs of fear or aggression during this process, stop immediately. You may need to consult a behaviorist to remedy this problem.[34]
X
Trustworthy Source
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
Leading organization dedicated to the prevention of animal cruelty
Go to source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:56",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting Ready to Brush\\n1-1. Get a dog toothbrush.\\nThere are a wide variety of toothbrushes to choose from that are designed for dogs. They are available at any pet store.\\nDog brushes have softer bristles and are designed to give you easier access to those hard to reach areas.\\nChoose a brush based on the size of your dog. You can use a bigger toothbrush for bigger dogs, but a smaller dogs will need a brush that will easily fit into its mouth.\\nThere are also finger brushes that fit onto the end of your finger and can provide better precision. But, these brushes also increase the likelihood of your dog accidentally biting your finger.\\nDo not use an adult human toothbrush to brush your dog's teeth. You can use a soft child’s toothbrush if necessary.\\nOther options to try if your dog resists the brush include specially designed pads and sponges.\\n1-2. Pick out a dog toothpaste.\\nLike brushes, there are many different toothpastes made for dogs. Do not ever use human toothpaste to brush your dog's teeth.\\nHuman toothpaste contains fluoride and sometimes other ingredients that can be toxic. We don't swallow toothpaste when we brush, but many dogs do. Eating human toothpaste can cause vomiting and possible kidney damage.\\nDog toothpaste is available in many different flavors to help make brushing easier and more pleasant for your dog.\\nYou may have to try several flavors to find the one that works best for you and your dog.\\n1-3. Start when your dog is young.\\nThe ideal time to start brushing a dog’s teeth is when it is a puppy. You can start as early as eight weeks of age.\\nStarting young can help a dog become accustomed to the feel of the brush and the act of brushing.\\nIt will not, however, make much difference in the overall cleanliness of a dog's teeth. This is because it will not have all its permanent teeth until it is six to seven months old.\\n1-4. Choose a good time for brushing.\\nWhen you brush your dog's teeth can have a big impact on how successful you are. Try to brush the dog's teeth when it is calm and relaxed.\\nA good time to try this is after the dog has been exercising or playing. It will hopefully be tired and less likely to struggle with you.\\n2. Brushing The Dog's Teeth\\n2-1. Get your dog comfortable with your hand in its mouth.\\nWhen first starting to brush your dog's teeth, take it slow to gradually get the animal used to your hands in and around its mouth. Frequently touch around the dog's mouth and muzzle with your fingers.\\nIt may take time for it to get used to you touching this area.\\n2-2. Let the dog lick some toothpaste off your finger.\\nStart the process by letting the dog lick a small amount of toothpaste off of your finger. This will help you determine how well it likes the toothpaste. It will also help the dog to get used to the taste, making it more likely accept the toothpaste when it is on the toothbrush.\\nAfter the dog licks the toothpaste, rub your finger along the teeth and gums while lifting the lips. This is the same motion that you will use when brushing and will help with transitioning to using a brush.\\n2-3. Show the toothbrush to your dog.\\nNext, show the toothbrush to your dog and let it inspect the brush before putting it in its mouth.\\nYou can also let the dog lick some toothpaste off the brush. Praise the dog for this behavior. This will help the dog become accustomed to the brush being around its mouth.\\n2-4. Brush a few teeth.\\nWith or without using toothpaste, gently brush one or a few of the easiest to reach teeth. The canine teeth are the longest and usually the easiest to to reach.\\nGently lift the upper lip and place the toothbrush onto the teeth. Then, slowly brush back and forth.\\nThis will help your dog get used to the new feeling of the brush on their teeth and gums, and also lets you see how they respond.\\nSome dogs will be receptive to brushing, but if your dog is reluctant or acting aggressive, proceed cautiously. Ideally, try it while a friend or family member can pet and help to calm the dog.\\nUsing a calm and soothing voice can also help to keep your dog calm. If your dog continues to resist or to be aggressive, try giving it a break and trying again later or another day. If this behavior continues, consult with your veterinarian or dog trainer for advice on what to try next.\\nAfter brushing just a few teeth, reward the dog with a treat and end the session.\\n2-5. Brush the outsides of the dog's teeth.\\nOnce your dog is used to the taste of the toothpaste and the feel of the toothbrush, it is time to combine the two. Place a small amount of toothpaste on the toothbrush and slowly and gently start to brush in the same area as before. Then, gradually move along the entire outside surface of all the upper and lower teeth.\\nIncrease the number of teeth you brush each time until the dog is comfortable having all of them brushed.\\nTry to brush along the entire gum line. This allows you to get them used to the act of brushing without having to try to open the dog's mouth.\\nLimit the brushing sessions to just a few minutes each. It may take a few sessions to get your dog used to the process.\\nThroughout the process, praise the dog in a calm voice while brushing.\\n2-6. Brush the inside surfaces.\\nOnce you are able to brush the outsides of all the teeth in one session, you are ready to try brushing along the inside surfaces.\\nPut one hand over the top of the muzzle, lifting the upper lips, and open the dog's mouth. If the dog is reluctant to open, applying gentle inward pressure can help to get it to open its mouth.\\nOnce the mouth is open, brush a small area of the inside teeth surfaces. As always, go slowly, brushing small areas to start. Move on to larger areas as the dog becomes more accustomed to brushing.\\nYour dog's tongue naturally helps to control tartar build up along the inside surfaces. Brushing there will make a big difference though.\\n2-7. Make it a routine.\\nThe more often you brush your dog's teeth, the more it will get accustomed to your hands in and around its mouth. This will make brushing easier over time.\\nBrushing your dog's teeth every day is ideal. It will help to prevent periodontal disease that can lead to pain and dangerous infections.\\nIf your dog has loose teeth, seems sensitive around its mouth, or is bleeding orally, consult a veterinarian before you continue brushing.\\nStart slowly and try to work up to daily brushing. If you are unable to brush every day, try to brush as often as possible.\\n3. Cleaning the Teeth of an Uncooperative Dog\\n3-1. Use a cloth.\\nUsing a toothbrush and toothpaste is ideal. But, if your dog will not tolerate brushing, there are other options available. If your dog will not tolerate a toothbrush, try applying toothpaste with a thin piece of material.\\nYou can use an old pair of stockings, a worn washcloth, or a piece of gauze wrapped around your finger.\\nUsing this method to \\\"brush\\\" will create some friction while applying the paste and help to slow plaque build-up.\\n3-2. Use chew toys.\\nChew toys can help wipe away soft tartar and massage the gums. They also prevent boredom and reduce stress.\\nGive your dog rawhide, nylon, and rubber chew toys. Ask your veterinarian for a recommendation.\\nGiving your dog chew toys and bones is a good supplement to regular brushing. They are not a good replacement for brushing in the long term.\\n3-3. Pick a food that helps clean teeth.\\nFeeding dry dog food and treats rather than canned food will help to slow the build-up of plaque and tartar.\\nThere are also special foods designed to aid in cleaning teeth as a dog eats, but these are not meant to replace brushing.\\n3-4. Try a gel or spray.\\nOther alternatives to brushing include sprays and gels that you can apply regularly. They contain ingredients that help to deter the bacterial growth that causes tartar build-up.\\nConsult with your veterinarian about using these and other products.\\n3-5. Get a professional cleaning.\\nIf your dog will not accept you cleaning its teeth, bring it to the vet and have it done for you.\\nAlso be sure to discuss your dog's dental health at your regular vet visits.\\nTips\\nAs with any training activity, you can use treats and extra attention as rewards after each successful step in the process. This can help to make this a positive experience and help to encourage cooperation. Choose hard treats that will aid in fighting plaque build-up.[32]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nSmaller dogs and those with short snouts, such as Shih Tzus and Bulldogs, can benefit most from frequent brushings. At least once or even twice a day is ideal, because these dogs' teeth are closer together and jammed into a smaller space. This can make it easier for these dogs to build up plaque and tartar.[33]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nAmerican Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\\nLeading organization dedicated to the prevention of animal cruelty\\nGo to source\\nIf you yell at your dog, it will associate the brushing session with negativity. Be gentle and relaxed.\\nWarnings\\nIf you see that your dog needs further help with its teeth, consult your vet.\\nIf a dog's teeth are not taken care of, there can be many negative health consequences beyond oral hygiene. Good mouth care means a longer, happier life for your best friend.\\nDo not try to overpower or force your dog if it resists brushing. If your dog shows signs of fear or aggression during this process, stop immediately. You may need to consult a behaviorist to remedy this problem.[34]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nAmerican Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\\nLeading organization dedicated to the prevention of animal cruelty\\nGo to source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Brushing your dog's teeth is an important part of overall care. Keeping your dog's breath fresh is just one good reason to brush regularly. Clean teeth can also boost the health, happiness, and longevity of your canine friend. Plaque and tartar don't just cause bad breath. They can also result in the loss of teeth. Serious dental hygiene issues can also lead to life-threatening and painful infections. These infections can damage the kidneys, heart, and liver. By regularly brushing your dog's teeth, you will help to improve its quality of life and yours.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting Ready to Brush\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a dog toothbrush.\", \"描述\": \"There are a wide variety of toothbrushes to choose from that are designed for dogs. They are available at any pet store.\\nDog brushes have softer bristles and are designed to give you easier access to those hard to reach areas.\\nChoose a brush based on the size of your dog. You can use a bigger toothbrush for bigger dogs, but a smaller dogs will need a brush that will easily fit into its mouth.\\nThere are also finger brushes that fit onto the end of your finger and can provide better precision. But, these brushes also increase the likelihood of your dog accidentally biting your finger.\\nDo not use an adult human toothbrush to brush your dog's teeth. You can use a soft child’s toothbrush if necessary.\\nOther options to try if your dog resists the brush include specially designed pads and sponges.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pick out a dog toothpaste.\", \"描述\": \"Like brushes, there are many different toothpastes made for dogs. Do not ever use human toothpaste to brush your dog's teeth.\\nHuman toothpaste contains fluoride and sometimes other ingredients that can be toxic. We don't swallow toothpaste when we brush, but many dogs do. Eating human toothpaste can cause vomiting and possible kidney damage.\\nDog toothpaste is available in many different flavors to help make brushing easier and more pleasant for your dog.\\nYou may have to try several flavors to find the one that works best for you and your dog.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start when your dog is young.\", \"描述\": \"The ideal time to start brushing a dog’s teeth is when it is a puppy. You can start as early as eight weeks of age.\\nStarting young can help a dog become accustomed to the feel of the brush and the act of brushing.\\nIt will not, however, make much difference in the overall cleanliness of a dog's teeth. This is because it will not have all its permanent teeth until it is six to seven months old.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Choose a good time for brushing.\", \"描述\": \"When you brush your dog's teeth can have a big impact on how successful you are. Try to brush the dog's teeth when it is calm and relaxed.\\nA good time to try this is after the dog has been exercising or playing. It will hopefully be tired and less likely to struggle with you.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Brushing The Dog's Teeth\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get your dog comfortable with your hand in its mouth.\", \"描述\": \"When first starting to brush your dog's teeth, take it slow to gradually get the animal used to your hands in and around its mouth. Frequently touch around the dog's mouth and muzzle with your fingers.\\nIt may take time for it to get used to you touching this area.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Let the dog lick some toothpaste off your finger.\", \"描述\": \"Start the process by letting the dog lick a small amount of toothpaste off of your finger. This will help you determine how well it likes the toothpaste. It will also help the dog to get used to the taste, making it more likely accept the toothpaste when it is on the toothbrush.\\nAfter the dog licks the toothpaste, rub your finger along the teeth and gums while lifting the lips. This is the same motion that you will use when brushing and will help with transitioning to using a brush.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Show the toothbrush to your dog.\", \"描述\": \"Next, show the toothbrush to your dog and let it inspect the brush before putting it in its mouth.\\nYou can also let the dog lick some toothpaste off the brush. Praise the dog for this behavior. This will help the dog become accustomed to the brush being around its mouth.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Brush a few teeth.\", \"描述\": \"With or without using toothpaste, gently brush one or a few of the easiest to reach teeth. The canine teeth are the longest and usually the easiest to to reach.\\nGently lift the upper lip and place the toothbrush onto the teeth. Then, slowly brush back and forth.\\nThis will help your dog get used to the new feeling of the brush on their teeth and gums, and also lets you see how they respond.\\nSome dogs will be receptive to brushing, but if your dog is reluctant or acting aggressive, proceed cautiously. Ideally, try it while a friend or family member can pet and help to calm the dog.\\nUsing a calm and soothing voice can also help to keep your dog calm. If your dog continues to resist or to be aggressive, try giving it a break and trying again later or another day. If this behavior continues, consult with your veterinarian or dog trainer for advice on what to try next.\\nAfter brushing just a few teeth, reward the dog with a treat and end the session.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Brush the outsides of the dog's teeth.\", \"描述\": \"Once your dog is used to the taste of the toothpaste and the feel of the toothbrush, it is time to combine the two. Place a small amount of toothpaste on the toothbrush and slowly and gently start to brush in the same area as before. Then, gradually move along the entire outside surface of all the upper and lower teeth.\\nIncrease the number of teeth you brush each time until the dog is comfortable having all of them brushed.\\nTry to brush along the entire gum line. This allows you to get them used to the act of brushing without having to try to open the dog's mouth.\\nLimit the brushing sessions to just a few minutes each. It may take a few sessions to get your dog used to the process.\\nThroughout the process, praise the dog in a calm voice while brushing.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Brush the inside surfaces.\", \"描述\": \"Once you are able to brush the outsides of all the teeth in one session, you are ready to try brushing along the inside surfaces.\\nPut one hand over the top of the muzzle, lifting the upper lips, and open the dog's mouth. If the dog is reluctant to open, applying gentle inward pressure can help to get it to open its mouth.\\nOnce the mouth is open, brush a small area of the inside teeth surfaces. As always, go slowly, brushing small areas to start. Move on to larger areas as the dog becomes more accustomed to brushing.\\nYour dog's tongue naturally helps to control tartar build up along the inside surfaces. Brushing there will make a big difference though.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Make it a routine.\", \"描述\": \"The more often you brush your dog's teeth, the more it will get accustomed to your hands in and around its mouth. This will make brushing easier over time.\\nBrushing your dog's teeth every day is ideal. It will help to prevent periodontal disease that can lead to pain and dangerous infections.\\nIf your dog has loose teeth, seems sensitive around its mouth, or is bleeding orally, consult a veterinarian before you continue brushing.\\nStart slowly and try to work up to daily brushing. If you are unable to brush every day, try to brush as often as possible.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cleaning the Teeth of an Uncooperative Dog\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a cloth.\", \"描述\": \"Using a toothbrush and toothpaste is ideal. But, if your dog will not tolerate brushing, there are other options available. If your dog will not tolerate a toothbrush, try applying toothpaste with a thin piece of material.\\nYou can use an old pair of stockings, a worn washcloth, or a piece of gauze wrapped around your finger.\\nUsing this method to \\\"brush\\\" will create some friction while applying the paste and help to slow plaque build-up.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use chew toys.\", \"描述\": \"Chew toys can help wipe away soft tartar and massage the gums. They also prevent boredom and reduce stress.\\nGive your dog rawhide, nylon, and rubber chew toys. Ask your veterinarian for a recommendation.\\nGiving your dog chew toys and bones is a good supplement to regular brushing. They are not a good replacement for brushing in the long term.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pick a food that helps clean teeth.\", \"描述\": \"Feeding dry dog food and treats rather than canned food will help to slow the build-up of plaque and tartar.\\nThere are also special foods designed to aid in cleaning teeth as a dog eats, but these are not meant to replace brushing.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try a gel or spray.\", \"描述\": \"Other alternatives to brushing include sprays and gels that you can apply regularly. They contain ingredients that help to deter the bacterial growth that causes tartar build-up.\\nConsult with your veterinarian about using these and other products.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get a professional cleaning.\", \"描述\": \"If your dog will not accept you cleaning its teeth, bring it to the vet and have it done for you.\\nAlso be sure to discuss your dog's dental health at your regular vet visits.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"As with any training activity, you can use treats and extra attention as rewards after each successful step in the process. This can help to make this a positive experience and help to encourage cooperation. Choose hard treats that will aid in fighting plaque build-up.[32]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Smaller dogs and those with short snouts, such as Shih Tzus and Bulldogs, can benefit most from frequent brushings. At least once or even twice a day is ideal, because these dogs' teeth are closer together and jammed into a smaller space. This can make it easier for these dogs to build up plaque and tartar.[33]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nAmerican Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\\nLeading organization dedicated to the prevention of animal cruelty\\nGo to source\\n\", \"If you yell at your dog, it will associate the brushing session with negativity. Be gentle and relaxed.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you see that your dog needs further help with its teeth, consult your vet.\\n\", \"If a dog's teeth are not taken care of, there can be many negative health consequences beyond oral hygiene. Good mouth care means a longer, happier life for your best friend.\\n\", \"Do not try to overpower or force your dog if it resists brushing. If your dog shows signs of fear or aggression during this process, stop immediately. You may need to consult a behaviorist to remedy this problem.[34]\\nX\\nTrustworthy Source\\nAmerican Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\\nLeading organization dedicated to the prevention of animal cruelty\\nGo to source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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7,071 |
How to Brush a Poodle
|
1. Set your dog on a table or elevated surface.
It’s much easier to brush your dog if they’re on your level.
Grab your dog and place them on a table or a couch so you can reach them easier. If that makes your dog nervous, have them stand on the floor while you crouch or sit down so you’re on their level.
If you’re brushing a toy poodle, you could even set them on your lap for easy access.
2. Spray a conditioner over their entire coat.
Conditioner helps break up mats and tangles before you brush.
Since poodle hair is so curly, you may run into some problem areas within your dog’s coat. Before you start brushing, grab a spray conditioner made specifically for dogs and spray it all over your pup.
Not only do conditioners help break up tangles, but most of them make your dog smell good, too.
If your dog has sensitive skin or allergies, talk to your vet before using a conditioner spray.
3. Brush your dog’s hair with a pin brush.
Pin brushes
When you’re brushing a curly-haired dog, it’s super important to use the right tools. Pick up a pin brush from your local pet store to quickly brush your dog’s hair with the least resistance possible.
If you take your dog to a groomer, you may have seen them using a slicker brush. Slicker brushes are similar to pin brushes, but they can hurt or scratch your dog’s skin if used incorrectly. Unless you’re a professional, it’s better to stick with a pin brush.
4. Hold the hair up with one hand as you brush.
Use your hand to pull the hair and skin taut as you go.
You can start brushing your dog anywhere: the head, back, or legs is usually a good place to start. Hold your brush in one hand and gently press their fur up with the other, creating a line in the fur. Use the brush in small strokes to brush downward, making sure to brush through all layers of the fur (and not just the topcoat).
Brushing in sections is a good way to keep track of what you’ve brushed already and what you still need to get to.
5. Follow up with a metal comb.
A metal comb will pick out any knots or tangles.
Once you’ve brushed a section of hair, put down your pin brush and grab a metal comb. Gently run it through the section you just brushed. If the fur is fully brushed out, your comb will slide through no problem. However, if your comb gets caught on a knot or tangle, go back in with your pin brush to gently loosen the knot.
Be gentle and very careful when using a metal comb. If it gets caught on a knot, you could hurt your dog by pulling too hard.
6. Check for mats in the ears, armpits, and toes.
Problem areas like these often get tangled or matted.
There are a few spots on your dog that are more prone to matting, and may need extra attention. As you work your way around your dog’s body, be sure to check out these problem areas, and use your brush to work through mats carefully.
If your poodle wears clothing or a harness a lot, check carefully for mats in the spots that the material touches their fur. The constant friction can create a lot of matting.
7. Go slowly on their ears, belly, and feet.
These sensitive areas can get hurt easily.
Dogs have sensitive skin, and their fur isn’t as thick in these areas as other places on their body. As you work your way around your dog, brush them carefully when you get to these sensitive areas. If your dog jerks back or snaps at you, give them a break from brushing for a couple of minutes.
Try not to brush inside of your dog’s ears. A dog’s ears are sensitive, and they don’t have much hair inside of them to brush anyway.
If your dog’s ears are dirty, you can clean them with a mixture of white vinegar and rubbing alcohol.
8. Brush your dog’s entire body.
It’s important to brush your poodle’s entire body to prevent matting.
It can be tempting to stop once you’ve gotten their back and head brushed out, but don’t forget about the feet, legs, and tail, too! Your dog’s fur should look fluffy and straight rather than curly when you’re done.
To work systematically, try starting from the back of your dog (their tail or hind legs) and working your way forward (across their body, front legs, and head).
9. Brush them again with a bristle brush.
Bristle brushes
Using a bristle brush on your poodle is optional, but it’s a great way to fluff their hair out even more. Grab your bristle brush, which has slightly softer bristles, and go over your dog’s fur one more time, focusing especially on their body and their head.
If you come across any mats while bristle brushing, go back in with your pin brush to work them out slowly.
10. Visit a groomer for extremely matted fur.
If your dog is matted to the skin, let a professional take over.
Trying to tackle tough mats yourself can be difficult, and you may even accidentally hurt your dog in the process. If your brush can’t get through a large mat or if your dog is matted completely, take them to a groomer.
If you’re finding that you can’t keep up with a regular brushing schedule, consider setting up a standing appointment at the groomer for your dog on a weekly or bi-weekly basis.
If your dog’s fur is severely matted, your groomer may recommend going to the vet for a cut instead.
11. Give your dog plenty of treats when you’re done.
A treat tells your dog they did a good job sitting still.
Brushing isn’t every dog’s favorite activity, and your dog might need some positive reinforcement to look forward to it next time. When you’re done brushing, give them lots of praise and offer them a high-value treat as a reward.
High-value treats are treats that your dog doesn’t get very often. Boiled chicken is a popular one, because it’s easy to digest (but still super tasty).
12. Brush your poodle every day.
Dogs with curly hair need daily (or almost daily) brushing.
You might notice that your dog’s fur naturally clumps up and forms small mats. This is because curly fur clumps together to trap dead fur that’s being shed. Try to brush your poodle every day to reduce matting and keep them looking great.
If your poodle has short fur, you can brush them every other day.
While you should brush your poodle every day, you can save bathing them for about once a month. Bathing your dog too often strips their fur of natural oils, which can lead to dry skin and other issues.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:56",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Set your dog on a table or elevated surface.\\nIt’s much easier to brush your dog if they’re on your level.\\nGrab your dog and place them on a table or a couch so you can reach them easier. If that makes your dog nervous, have them stand on the floor while you crouch or sit down so you’re on their level.\\nIf you’re brushing a toy poodle, you could even set them on your lap for easy access.\\n2. Spray a conditioner over their entire coat.\\nConditioner helps break up mats and tangles before you brush.\\nSince poodle hair is so curly, you may run into some problem areas within your dog’s coat. Before you start brushing, grab a spray conditioner made specifically for dogs and spray it all over your pup.\\nNot only do conditioners help break up tangles, but most of them make your dog smell good, too.\\nIf your dog has sensitive skin or allergies, talk to your vet before using a conditioner spray.\\n3. Brush your dog’s hair with a pin brush.\\nPin brushes\\nWhen you’re brushing a curly-haired dog, it’s super important to use the right tools. Pick up a pin brush from your local pet store to quickly brush your dog’s hair with the least resistance possible.\\nIf you take your dog to a groomer, you may have seen them using a slicker brush. Slicker brushes are similar to pin brushes, but they can hurt or scratch your dog’s skin if used incorrectly. Unless you’re a professional, it’s better to stick with a pin brush.\\n4. Hold the hair up with one hand as you brush.\\nUse your hand to pull the hair and skin taut as you go.\\nYou can start brushing your dog anywhere: the head, back, or legs is usually a good place to start. Hold your brush in one hand and gently press their fur up with the other, creating a line in the fur. Use the brush in small strokes to brush downward, making sure to brush through all layers of the fur (and not just the topcoat).\\nBrushing in sections is a good way to keep track of what you’ve brushed already and what you still need to get to.\\n5. Follow up with a metal comb.\\nA metal comb will pick out any knots or tangles.\\nOnce you’ve brushed a section of hair, put down your pin brush and grab a metal comb. Gently run it through the section you just brushed. If the fur is fully brushed out, your comb will slide through no problem. However, if your comb gets caught on a knot or tangle, go back in with your pin brush to gently loosen the knot.\\nBe gentle and very careful when using a metal comb. If it gets caught on a knot, you could hurt your dog by pulling too hard.\\n6. Check for mats in the ears, armpits, and toes.\\nProblem areas like these often get tangled or matted.\\nThere are a few spots on your dog that are more prone to matting, and may need extra attention. As you work your way around your dog’s body, be sure to check out these problem areas, and use your brush to work through mats carefully.\\nIf your poodle wears clothing or a harness a lot, check carefully for mats in the spots that the material touches their fur. The constant friction can create a lot of matting.\\n7. Go slowly on their ears, belly, and feet.\\nThese sensitive areas can get hurt easily.\\nDogs have sensitive skin, and their fur isn’t as thick in these areas as other places on their body. As you work your way around your dog, brush them carefully when you get to these sensitive areas. If your dog jerks back or snaps at you, give them a break from brushing for a couple of minutes.\\nTry not to brush inside of your dog’s ears. A dog’s ears are sensitive, and they don’t have much hair inside of them to brush anyway.\\nIf your dog’s ears are dirty, you can clean them with a mixture of white vinegar and rubbing alcohol.\\n8. Brush your dog’s entire body.\\nIt’s important to brush your poodle’s entire body to prevent matting.\\nIt can be tempting to stop once you’ve gotten their back and head brushed out, but don’t forget about the feet, legs, and tail, too! Your dog’s fur should look fluffy and straight rather than curly when you’re done.\\nTo work systematically, try starting from the back of your dog (their tail or hind legs) and working your way forward (across their body, front legs, and head).\\n9. Brush them again with a bristle brush.\\nBristle brushes\\nUsing a bristle brush on your poodle is optional, but it’s a great way to fluff their hair out even more. Grab your bristle brush, which has slightly softer bristles, and go over your dog’s fur one more time, focusing especially on their body and their head.\\nIf you come across any mats while bristle brushing, go back in with your pin brush to work them out slowly.\\n10. Visit a groomer for extremely matted fur.\\nIf your dog is matted to the skin, let a professional take over.\\nTrying to tackle tough mats yourself can be difficult, and you may even accidentally hurt your dog in the process. If your brush can’t get through a large mat or if your dog is matted completely, take them to a groomer.\\nIf you’re finding that you can’t keep up with a regular brushing schedule, consider setting up a standing appointment at the groomer for your dog on a weekly or bi-weekly basis.\\nIf your dog’s fur is severely matted, your groomer may recommend going to the vet for a cut instead.\\n11. Give your dog plenty of treats when you’re done.\\nA treat tells your dog they did a good job sitting still.\\nBrushing isn’t every dog’s favorite activity, and your dog might need some positive reinforcement to look forward to it next time. When you’re done brushing, give them lots of praise and offer them a high-value treat as a reward.\\nHigh-value treats are treats that your dog doesn’t get very often. Boiled chicken is a popular one, because it’s easy to digest (but still super tasty).\\n12. Brush your poodle every day.\\nDogs with curly hair need daily (or almost daily) brushing.\\nYou might notice that your dog’s fur naturally clumps up and forms small mats. This is because curly fur clumps together to trap dead fur that’s being shed. Try to brush your poodle every day to reduce matting and keep them looking great.\\nIf your poodle has short fur, you can brush them every other day.\\nWhile you should brush your poodle every day, you can save bathing them for about once a month. Bathing your dog too often strips their fur of natural oils, which can lead to dry skin and other issues.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Is your poodle’s fur looking a little lackluster? Poodle hair is curly and thick, meaning it takes a bit of upkeep to keep it in perfect condition. Dogs with thick, curly hair need a lot of brushing, and the right tools and tips can make this process a lot easier. In this article, we’ll walk you through brushing a poodle so you can keep them looking huggable and loveable every day.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Set your dog on a table or elevated surface.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It’s much easier to brush your dog if they’re on your level.\", \"描述\": \"Grab your dog and place them on a table or a couch so you can reach them easier. If that makes your dog nervous, have them stand on the floor while you crouch or sit down so you’re on their level.\\nIf you’re brushing a toy poodle, you could even set them on your lap for easy access.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Spray a conditioner over their entire coat.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Conditioner helps break up mats and tangles before you brush.\", \"描述\": \"Since poodle hair is so curly, you may run into some problem areas within your dog’s coat. Before you start brushing, grab a spray conditioner made specifically for dogs and spray it all over your pup.\\nNot only do conditioners help break up tangles, but most of them make your dog smell good, too.\\nIf your dog has sensitive skin or allergies, talk to your vet before using a conditioner spray.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Brush your dog’s hair with a pin brush.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pin brushes\", \"描述\": \"When you’re brushing a curly-haired dog, it’s super important to use the right tools. Pick up a pin brush from your local pet store to quickly brush your dog’s hair with the least resistance possible.\\nIf you take your dog to a groomer, you may have seen them using a slicker brush. Slicker brushes are similar to pin brushes, but they can hurt or scratch your dog’s skin if used incorrectly. Unless you’re a professional, it’s better to stick with a pin brush.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Hold the hair up with one hand as you brush.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use your hand to pull the hair and skin taut as you go.\", \"描述\": \"You can start brushing your dog anywhere: the head, back, or legs is usually a good place to start. Hold your brush in one hand and gently press their fur up with the other, creating a line in the fur. Use the brush in small strokes to brush downward, making sure to brush through all layers of the fur (and not just the topcoat).\\nBrushing in sections is a good way to keep track of what you’ve brushed already and what you still need to get to.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Follow up with a metal comb.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A metal comb will pick out any knots or tangles.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve brushed a section of hair, put down your pin brush and grab a metal comb. Gently run it through the section you just brushed. If the fur is fully brushed out, your comb will slide through no problem. However, if your comb gets caught on a knot or tangle, go back in with your pin brush to gently loosen the knot.\\nBe gentle and very careful when using a metal comb. If it gets caught on a knot, you could hurt your dog by pulling too hard.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Check for mats in the ears, armpits, and toes.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Problem areas like these often get tangled or matted.\", \"描述\": \"There are a few spots on your dog that are more prone to matting, and may need extra attention. As you work your way around your dog’s body, be sure to check out these problem areas, and use your brush to work through mats carefully.\\nIf your poodle wears clothing or a harness a lot, check carefully for mats in the spots that the material touches their fur. The constant friction can create a lot of matting.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Go slowly on their ears, belly, and feet.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"These sensitive areas can get hurt easily.\", \"描述\": \"Dogs have sensitive skin, and their fur isn’t as thick in these areas as other places on their body. As you work your way around your dog, brush them carefully when you get to these sensitive areas. If your dog jerks back or snaps at you, give them a break from brushing for a couple of minutes.\\nTry not to brush inside of your dog’s ears. A dog’s ears are sensitive, and they don’t have much hair inside of them to brush anyway.\\nIf your dog’s ears are dirty, you can clean them with a mixture of white vinegar and rubbing alcohol.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Brush your dog’s entire body.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"It’s important to brush your poodle’s entire body to prevent matting.\", \"描述\": \"It can be tempting to stop once you’ve gotten their back and head brushed out, but don’t forget about the feet, legs, and tail, too! Your dog’s fur should look fluffy and straight rather than curly when you’re done.\\nTo work systematically, try starting from the back of your dog (their tail or hind legs) and working your way forward (across their body, front legs, and head).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Brush them again with a bristle brush.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Bristle brushes\", \"描述\": \"Using a bristle brush on your poodle is optional, but it’s a great way to fluff their hair out even more. Grab your bristle brush, which has slightly softer bristles, and go over your dog’s fur one more time, focusing especially on their body and their head.\\nIf you come across any mats while bristle brushing, go back in with your pin brush to work them out slowly.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Visit a groomer for extremely matted fur.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"If your dog is matted to the skin, let a professional take over.\", \"描述\": \"Trying to tackle tough mats yourself can be difficult, and you may even accidentally hurt your dog in the process. If your brush can’t get through a large mat or if your dog is matted completely, take them to a groomer.\\nIf you’re finding that you can’t keep up with a regular brushing schedule, consider setting up a standing appointment at the groomer for your dog on a weekly or bi-weekly basis.\\nIf your dog’s fur is severely matted, your groomer may recommend going to the vet for a cut instead.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Give your dog plenty of treats when you’re done.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A treat tells your dog they did a good job sitting still.\", \"描述\": \"Brushing isn’t every dog’s favorite activity, and your dog might need some positive reinforcement to look forward to it next time. When you’re done brushing, give them lots of praise and offer them a high-value treat as a reward.\\nHigh-value treats are treats that your dog doesn’t get very often. Boiled chicken is a popular one, because it’s easy to digest (but still super tasty).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Brush your poodle every day.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Dogs with curly hair need daily (or almost daily) brushing.\", \"描述\": \"You might notice that your dog’s fur naturally clumps up and forms small mats. This is because curly fur clumps together to trap dead fur that’s being shed. Try to brush your poodle every day to reduce matting and keep them looking great.\\nIf your poodle has short fur, you can brush them every other day.\\nWhile you should brush your poodle every day, you can save bathing them for about once a month. Bathing your dog too often strips their fur of natural oils, which can lead to dry skin and other issues.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,072 |
How to Brush a Short‐Haired Cat
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1. Prepping Your Cat for Brushing
1-1. Pick a clean, high surface for the brushing.
Start by choosing a spot in your home that is clean and easy for you to move around. A high table or counter that is wide enough for your cat is a good option. Spread all the brushing tools for your cat on the surface so they are easy to access.
If your cat is more comfortable standing or sitting on the ground, you may brush it on the ground on a clean, hard surface, like hard wood.
1-2. Pet your cat to calm it down.
Most cats will need to be in a calm and relaxed state to be brushed. Prepare your cat for the brushing session by giving it some attention and love. Pet its head and body, especially in spots that it likes. Place your cat on the high surface with the brushing tools on hand and pet it a few times to calm it down. Massage its head and start to brush its coat with your fingers to relax your cat.
You may also say calming words as you pet your cat. For example, you may say, “Who’s a good kitty?” or “Are we ready to be brushed?” Continue to do this until your cat appears relaxed and at ease. This will make the brushing session much more enjoyable for you both.
1-3. Give your cat a treat.
If your cat starts to get upset or annoyed when you prepare it for brushing, give your cat its favorite treat to snack on while you brush it. This could be catnip or other treats that it likes.
You can also have cat treats on hand so you can give them to your cat if it starts to get annoyed or move around too much while you brush it.
2. Brushing Your Cat Properly
2-1. Work the metal comb through your cat’s coat from head to tail.
Brush your cat with the metal comb in the direction your cat’s coat grows. Move from its head to its tail in long, sweeping motions. Make sure you brush its entire body, including its chest and abdomen. Focus on brushing one section of its body at a time.
Brushing your cat in the opposite direction of its coat can cause the hair to lift up and make your cat feel uncomfortable. Stick to brushing with its coat, in the same direction, not against the growth of its coat.
2-2. Run the bristle brush in the direction of your cat’s head.
Use the bristle brush to sweep any dead hair or skin that appears off your cat’s coat. Run the brush towards your cat’s head to do this. Then, smooth its hair down again with your fingers or by running the brush away from your cat’s head. Do this anywhere you see dead skin or dead hair on your cat’s coat.
Keep in mind some cats may not like the sensation of being brushed in the opposite direction of its natural hair growth. It may take your cat some time to get used to this part of the brushing process.
If your cat does not like to be brushed with the bristle brush or appears uncomfortable, you can skip this step.
2-3. Use the rubber pad to remove dead hair.
The rubber pad will be helpful for removing dead hair and stimulating blood circulation. Run the rubber pad from head to tail, making sure you remove any dead hair or flakes of skin. Do this all over your cat’s body, from head to tail, to ensure you remove as much dead hair and skin as possible on the surface of your cat’s coat.
If you notice any dead hair or skin sitting on the surface of your cat’s coat after you are done using the rubber pad, you can remove them with a damp cloth or a rubber glove. Simply rub your cat’s coat lightly with the cloth or rubber glove to remove any remaining hair or skin.
2-4. Look for any bumps, wounds, or tangles on your cat.
As you brush your cat, make sure you check for any bumps or wounds on your cat’s coat. If you notice any bumps or wounds, examine them carefully and consider bringing your cat to the vet for a check up. Sometimes bumps or wounds on your cat’s coat can be a sign of a skin condition or a medical issue.
If you notice any tangles or mats on your cat’s coat, do not try to remove them on your own. Often, pulling on big tangles or mats can make them worse and be painful for your cat. Instead, bring your cat to a professional groomer to have them clipped off.
You can also bring your cat to the vet to get mats or tangles removed, though this will likely cost you more than going to a professional groomer to get this done.
2-5. Check for fleas and ticks with the flea comb.
During your cat’s brushing, make sure you also check for fleas and ticks. Use the flea comb to gently part your cat’s coat to check for any black specks of dried blood (or “flea dirt”) left behind by fleas. Look for any dead ticks in your cat’s coat, which will be very small and black.
Because cats groom themselves so well, it is often hard to find adult fleas on cats. Flea dirt may be the only evidence of a flea infestation.
To tell the difference between flea dirt and regular soil, wipe a little bit of the dirt off of your flea comb with a white tissue. Then, spray the tissue with water. Flea dirt will dissolve and turn red or rust-colored.
You can also check your cat’s anus for any tan, rice-sized objects as these may indicate the presence of a tapeworm.
If you see any signs of a parasite infestation, take your cat to the vet for evaluation and treatment.
2-6. Finish the brushing with praise and a treat.
You should only brush your cat for as long as your cat tolerates it. If you notice any signs of stress in your cat, like growling, hissing, shaking of the head or swishing of the tail, stop the brushing session. Give your cat verbal praise, like “good kitty” or “great job,” and give it a treat. This will end the brushing on a positive note for your cat, making it easier for you to brush your cat in the future.
Keep in mind the more often you brush your cat, the more comfortable it will become with the process. Over time, your cat should become less stressed or agitated when being brushed.
3. Maintaining a Regular Brushing Routine for Your Cat
3-1. Brush your short haired cat at least three times a week.
Short haired cats do not need to be brushed every day. Try to brush your short haired cat three times a week on a regular basis so its coat is maintained and healthy. You may plan to brush your cat the same time and place three times a week so it gets used to the routine.
Sticking to a regular brushing schedule for your cat will help you stay on top of any injuries as well as any fleas or ticks on your cat’s coat. Cats who are brushed regularly also tend to swallow less hair, which means you will not have to deal with hairballs.
3-2. Get your cat used to brushing when at a young age.
Try to get your cat used to a brushing routine at a young age, starting when it is a kitten. This way, your cat will grow accustomed to be being brushed and be less stressed or agitated when you brush it.
Starting early will also allow you to bond and connect to your cat, as brushing and grooming it can help you maintain a close relationship with your cat.
3-3. Have the same brushing routine every week for your cat.
Follow the same procedures and steps every time you brush your cat. This way, your cat gets used to the routine and knows what to expect. Try extending your cat’s brushing sessions to be longer and longer as time goes on, as your cat may feel more relaxed and comfortable with the brushing routine.
If you notice your cat does not like certain elements of the brushing routine, such as being brushed against the natural growth of its coat, change it up so you are brushing with the natural growth of its coat instead. This will ensure your cat is comfortable and enjoys the brushing sessions.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:56",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Prepping Your Cat for Brushing\\n1-1. Pick a clean, high surface for the brushing.\\nStart by choosing a spot in your home that is clean and easy for you to move around. A high table or counter that is wide enough for your cat is a good option. Spread all the brushing tools for your cat on the surface so they are easy to access.\\nIf your cat is more comfortable standing or sitting on the ground, you may brush it on the ground on a clean, hard surface, like hard wood.\\n1-2. Pet your cat to calm it down.\\nMost cats will need to be in a calm and relaxed state to be brushed. Prepare your cat for the brushing session by giving it some attention and love. Pet its head and body, especially in spots that it likes. Place your cat on the high surface with the brushing tools on hand and pet it a few times to calm it down. Massage its head and start to brush its coat with your fingers to relax your cat.\\nYou may also say calming words as you pet your cat. For example, you may say, “Who’s a good kitty?” or “Are we ready to be brushed?” Continue to do this until your cat appears relaxed and at ease. This will make the brushing session much more enjoyable for you both.\\n1-3. Give your cat a treat.\\nIf your cat starts to get upset or annoyed when you prepare it for brushing, give your cat its favorite treat to snack on while you brush it. This could be catnip or other treats that it likes.\\nYou can also have cat treats on hand so you can give them to your cat if it starts to get annoyed or move around too much while you brush it.\\n2. Brushing Your Cat Properly\\n2-1. Work the metal comb through your cat’s coat from head to tail.\\nBrush your cat with the metal comb in the direction your cat’s coat grows. Move from its head to its tail in long, sweeping motions. Make sure you brush its entire body, including its chest and abdomen. Focus on brushing one section of its body at a time.\\nBrushing your cat in the opposite direction of its coat can cause the hair to lift up and make your cat feel uncomfortable. Stick to brushing with its coat, in the same direction, not against the growth of its coat.\\n2-2. Run the bristle brush in the direction of your cat’s head.\\nUse the bristle brush to sweep any dead hair or skin that appears off your cat’s coat. Run the brush towards your cat’s head to do this. Then, smooth its hair down again with your fingers or by running the brush away from your cat’s head. Do this anywhere you see dead skin or dead hair on your cat’s coat.\\nKeep in mind some cats may not like the sensation of being brushed in the opposite direction of its natural hair growth. It may take your cat some time to get used to this part of the brushing process.\\nIf your cat does not like to be brushed with the bristle brush or appears uncomfortable, you can skip this step.\\n2-3. Use the rubber pad to remove dead hair.\\nThe rubber pad will be helpful for removing dead hair and stimulating blood circulation. Run the rubber pad from head to tail, making sure you remove any dead hair or flakes of skin. Do this all over your cat’s body, from head to tail, to ensure you remove as much dead hair and skin as possible on the surface of your cat’s coat.\\nIf you notice any dead hair or skin sitting on the surface of your cat’s coat after you are done using the rubber pad, you can remove them with a damp cloth or a rubber glove. Simply rub your cat’s coat lightly with the cloth or rubber glove to remove any remaining hair or skin.\\n2-4. Look for any bumps, wounds, or tangles on your cat.\\nAs you brush your cat, make sure you check for any bumps or wounds on your cat’s coat. If you notice any bumps or wounds, examine them carefully and consider bringing your cat to the vet for a check up. Sometimes bumps or wounds on your cat’s coat can be a sign of a skin condition or a medical issue.\\nIf you notice any tangles or mats on your cat’s coat, do not try to remove them on your own. Often, pulling on big tangles or mats can make them worse and be painful for your cat. Instead, bring your cat to a professional groomer to have them clipped off.\\nYou can also bring your cat to the vet to get mats or tangles removed, though this will likely cost you more than going to a professional groomer to get this done.\\n2-5. Check for fleas and ticks with the flea comb.\\nDuring your cat’s brushing, make sure you also check for fleas and ticks. Use the flea comb to gently part your cat’s coat to check for any black specks of dried blood (or “flea dirt”) left behind by fleas. Look for any dead ticks in your cat’s coat, which will be very small and black.\\nBecause cats groom themselves so well, it is often hard to find adult fleas on cats. Flea dirt may be the only evidence of a flea infestation.\\nTo tell the difference between flea dirt and regular soil, wipe a little bit of the dirt off of your flea comb with a white tissue. Then, spray the tissue with water. Flea dirt will dissolve and turn red or rust-colored.\\nYou can also check your cat’s anus for any tan, rice-sized objects as these may indicate the presence of a tapeworm.\\nIf you see any signs of a parasite infestation, take your cat to the vet for evaluation and treatment.\\n2-6. Finish the brushing with praise and a treat.\\nYou should only brush your cat for as long as your cat tolerates it. If you notice any signs of stress in your cat, like growling, hissing, shaking of the head or swishing of the tail, stop the brushing session. Give your cat verbal praise, like “good kitty” or “great job,” and give it a treat. This will end the brushing on a positive note for your cat, making it easier for you to brush your cat in the future.\\nKeep in mind the more often you brush your cat, the more comfortable it will become with the process. Over time, your cat should become less stressed or agitated when being brushed.\\n3. Maintaining a Regular Brushing Routine for Your Cat\\n3-1. Brush your short haired cat at least three times a week.\\nShort haired cats do not need to be brushed every day. Try to brush your short haired cat three times a week on a regular basis so its coat is maintained and healthy. You may plan to brush your cat the same time and place three times a week so it gets used to the routine.\\nSticking to a regular brushing schedule for your cat will help you stay on top of any injuries as well as any fleas or ticks on your cat’s coat. Cats who are brushed regularly also tend to swallow less hair, which means you will not have to deal with hairballs.\\n3-2. Get your cat used to brushing when at a young age.\\nTry to get your cat used to a brushing routine at a young age, starting when it is a kitten. This way, your cat will grow accustomed to be being brushed and be less stressed or agitated when you brush it.\\nStarting early will also allow you to bond and connect to your cat, as brushing and grooming it can help you maintain a close relationship with your cat.\\n3-3. Have the same brushing routine every week for your cat.\\nFollow the same procedures and steps every time you brush your cat. This way, your cat gets used to the routine and knows what to expect. Try extending your cat’s brushing sessions to be longer and longer as time goes on, as your cat may feel more relaxed and comfortable with the brushing routine.\\nIf you notice your cat does not like certain elements of the brushing routine, such as being brushed against the natural growth of its coat, change it up so you are brushing with the natural growth of its coat instead. This will ensure your cat is comfortable and enjoys the brushing sessions.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Most cats will self-groom but can still benefit from regular brushing by their owner. Brushing your cat on a regular basis will help to remove dirt, dead skin, and grease, and stimulate its blood circulation. This will ensure your cat’s coat looks healthy and reduces your cat’s risk of skin issues. Short haired cats require different brushing tools and techniques than long haired cats. Start by selecting the right brush and by gathering the other brushing equipment for your cat. Then, brush your cat properly and regularly so its coat glows at the end of every brushing session.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepping Your Cat for Brushing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pick a clean, high surface for the brushing.\", \"描述\": \"Start by choosing a spot in your home that is clean and easy for you to move around. A high table or counter that is wide enough for your cat is a good option. Spread all the brushing tools for your cat on the surface so they are easy to access.\\nIf your cat is more comfortable standing or sitting on the ground, you may brush it on the ground on a clean, hard surface, like hard wood.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pet your cat to calm it down.\", \"描述\": \"Most cats will need to be in a calm and relaxed state to be brushed. Prepare your cat for the brushing session by giving it some attention and love. Pet its head and body, especially in spots that it likes. Place your cat on the high surface with the brushing tools on hand and pet it a few times to calm it down. Massage its head and start to brush its coat with your fingers to relax your cat.\\nYou may also say calming words as you pet your cat. For example, you may say, “Who’s a good kitty?” or “Are we ready to be brushed?” Continue to do this until your cat appears relaxed and at ease. This will make the brushing session much more enjoyable for you both.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Give your cat a treat.\", \"描述\": \"If your cat starts to get upset or annoyed when you prepare it for brushing, give your cat its favorite treat to snack on while you brush it. This could be catnip or other treats that it likes.\\nYou can also have cat treats on hand so you can give them to your cat if it starts to get annoyed or move around too much while you brush it.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Brushing Your Cat Properly\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work the metal comb through your cat’s coat from head to tail.\", \"描述\": \"Brush your cat with the metal comb in the direction your cat’s coat grows. Move from its head to its tail in long, sweeping motions. Make sure you brush its entire body, including its chest and abdomen. Focus on brushing one section of its body at a time.\\nBrushing your cat in the opposite direction of its coat can cause the hair to lift up and make your cat feel uncomfortable. Stick to brushing with its coat, in the same direction, not against the growth of its coat.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Run the bristle brush in the direction of your cat’s head.\", \"描述\": \"Use the bristle brush to sweep any dead hair or skin that appears off your cat’s coat. Run the brush towards your cat’s head to do this. Then, smooth its hair down again with your fingers or by running the brush away from your cat’s head. Do this anywhere you see dead skin or dead hair on your cat’s coat.\\nKeep in mind some cats may not like the sensation of being brushed in the opposite direction of its natural hair growth. It may take your cat some time to get used to this part of the brushing process.\\nIf your cat does not like to be brushed with the bristle brush or appears uncomfortable, you can skip this step.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use the rubber pad to remove dead hair.\", \"描述\": \"The rubber pad will be helpful for removing dead hair and stimulating blood circulation. Run the rubber pad from head to tail, making sure you remove any dead hair or flakes of skin. Do this all over your cat’s body, from head to tail, to ensure you remove as much dead hair and skin as possible on the surface of your cat’s coat.\\nIf you notice any dead hair or skin sitting on the surface of your cat’s coat after you are done using the rubber pad, you can remove them with a damp cloth or a rubber glove. Simply rub your cat’s coat lightly with the cloth or rubber glove to remove any remaining hair or skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look for any bumps, wounds, or tangles on your cat.\", \"描述\": \"As you brush your cat, make sure you check for any bumps or wounds on your cat’s coat. If you notice any bumps or wounds, examine them carefully and consider bringing your cat to the vet for a check up. Sometimes bumps or wounds on your cat’s coat can be a sign of a skin condition or a medical issue.\\nIf you notice any tangles or mats on your cat’s coat, do not try to remove them on your own. Often, pulling on big tangles or mats can make them worse and be painful for your cat. Instead, bring your cat to a professional groomer to have them clipped off.\\nYou can also bring your cat to the vet to get mats or tangles removed, though this will likely cost you more than going to a professional groomer to get this done.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check for fleas and ticks with the flea comb.\", \"描述\": \"During your cat’s brushing, make sure you also check for fleas and ticks. Use the flea comb to gently part your cat’s coat to check for any black specks of dried blood (or “flea dirt”) left behind by fleas. Look for any dead ticks in your cat’s coat, which will be very small and black.\\nBecause cats groom themselves so well, it is often hard to find adult fleas on cats. Flea dirt may be the only evidence of a flea infestation.\\nTo tell the difference between flea dirt and regular soil, wipe a little bit of the dirt off of your flea comb with a white tissue. Then, spray the tissue with water. Flea dirt will dissolve and turn red or rust-colored.\\nYou can also check your cat’s anus for any tan, rice-sized objects as these may indicate the presence of a tapeworm.\\nIf you see any signs of a parasite infestation, take your cat to the vet for evaluation and treatment.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Finish the brushing with praise and a treat.\", \"描述\": \"You should only brush your cat for as long as your cat tolerates it. If you notice any signs of stress in your cat, like growling, hissing, shaking of the head or swishing of the tail, stop the brushing session. Give your cat verbal praise, like “good kitty” or “great job,” and give it a treat. This will end the brushing on a positive note for your cat, making it easier for you to brush your cat in the future.\\nKeep in mind the more often you brush your cat, the more comfortable it will become with the process. Over time, your cat should become less stressed or agitated when being brushed.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maintaining a Regular Brushing Routine for Your Cat\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Brush your short haired cat at least three times a week.\", \"描述\": \"Short haired cats do not need to be brushed every day. Try to brush your short haired cat three times a week on a regular basis so its coat is maintained and healthy. You may plan to brush your cat the same time and place three times a week so it gets used to the routine.\\nSticking to a regular brushing schedule for your cat will help you stay on top of any injuries as well as any fleas or ticks on your cat’s coat. Cats who are brushed regularly also tend to swallow less hair, which means you will not have to deal with hairballs.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get your cat used to brushing when at a young age.\", \"描述\": \"Try to get your cat used to a brushing routine at a young age, starting when it is a kitten. This way, your cat will grow accustomed to be being brushed and be less stressed or agitated when you brush it.\\nStarting early will also allow you to bond and connect to your cat, as brushing and grooming it can help you maintain a close relationship with your cat.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Have the same brushing routine every week for your cat.\", \"描述\": \"Follow the same procedures and steps every time you brush your cat. This way, your cat gets used to the routine and knows what to expect. Try extending your cat’s brushing sessions to be longer and longer as time goes on, as your cat may feel more relaxed and comfortable with the brushing routine.\\nIf you notice your cat does not like certain elements of the brushing routine, such as being brushed against the natural growth of its coat, change it up so you are brushing with the natural growth of its coat instead. This will ensure your cat is comfortable and enjoys the brushing sessions.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,073 |
How to Bucket Drum
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1. Creating Your Bucket Drum Set
1-1. Look for a large plastic bucket.
The key component of your bucket drum set is going to be the bucket. A 15 liter (4 US gal) bucket is usually a good size for someone of an average height. You can find large plastic buckets at hardware stores or by asking friends or family if they have an empty plastic bucket you can use.
You will also need a stool or another bucket of equal or lesser height that you can sit on when you drum.
1-2. Get wooden drumsticks.
The second key component of your bucket drum set is a pair of wooden drumsticks. Look for drumsticks at your local music supply store or online.
You can also use metal drumsticks, but they are often heavier and more difficult to use for beginner drummers.
1-3. Consider making a strap to carry your bucket drum.
If you plan to move around with your bucket drum set, you can make it portable by making a strap for the bucket drum out of duct tape and rope.
Begin by wrapping duct tape around the bucket, a few inches from the bottom of the bucket. Wrap the duct tape around once and then once more again. At the end of the second layer of tape, pinch one inch of the tape to make a loop.
Continue wrapping the tape once you make the first loop for five to ten inches and then pinch the tape again to create a second loop. A wider gap between the loops works best if you want to tie the bucket around your waist. A narrower gap between the loops works best if you plan to carry the bucket via a shoulder strap.
Wrap the tape around the bucket one more time, layering over the loops so they are double layered. This will make them strong enough to withstand the pull of the rope.
Turn the bucket upside down, with the opening on the ground. Then, put duct tape on the bucket vertically over the wrapped section to secure it further. Do this three to four times.
Thread the rope through the loops and tie the bucket to your waist or make a shoulder strap with the rope and carry the bucket that way.
2. Playing a Basic Drum Beat
2-1. Be aware of the three elements of a basic drum beat.
If you are new to playing drums, it is important that you learn the three elements of a basic drum beat: the bass, the snare, and the hi-hat. These three elements can be played to a certain time signature or rhythm to then create a basic drum beat.
The bass is the deeper note on a drum beat. It is often played on regular drums by hitting a pedal on the ground that then hits the middle of a kick drum.
The snare is the complementary note to the bass. It is often played on regular drums by hitting the rim of the drum and the middle of the drum with the drumstick.
The hi-hat is also known as the lightest note in a drum beat. In a regular drum kit, the hi-hat is made of two cymbals mounted on a stand.
2-2. Identify the three elements of a drum beat on the bucket.
To create a basic beat on the bucket drum, you will first need to identify the three elements of a drum beat that you can make on the bucket.
Begin by placing the bucket one to two feet in front of the stool on a hard, concrete floor. Sit down on the stool with a drumstick in each hand. The plastic bucket should be between your legs and you should be able to hit the bucket easily with the drumsticks.
Use the middle of the bucket as the bass note. Place one foot on the bottom edge of the bucket and tilt it slightly toward you. Then, use one of the drumsticks to hit the middle of the bucket. This should produce a deep bass note. You can also simply hit the middle of the bucket to make a bass note, but tilting the bucket will create a deeper sound.
Use the rim of the drum as the snare note. Hit the rim of the drum and the middle of the drum at the same time to make a snare note.
Use the concrete floor as the hi-hat. To make a hi-hat note, you can lean down and hit the concrete floor. This should create a nice, sharp hi-hat note.
2-3. Combine the hi-hat, the snare, and the bass to make a basic beat.
Once you have identified the three elements of a drum beat on the bucket (and on the floor), you can put them together to make a basic drum beat.
Start by hitting your sticks together four times as this will help you to remember the 4-beat count. Then, tilt the bucket slightly and hit the middle of the bucket with one drum stick to make a bass note. Then, release the bucket and hit the rim and middle of the bucket to make a snare note. Play the bass note and then the snare note four time each, creating a 4-beat rhythm.
After you have played the bass and the snare four times through, add in the hi-hat. Lean down and hit the floor with the other drum stick in a quick 1-2-1-2 rhythm. Continue to play the bass and the snare with the other drum stick to a 4-beat count.
2-4. Practice the basic beat at different tempos.
After enough practice, you should be able to play the bass, the snare, and the hi-hat at a 4-beat count at a regular tempo. You can try to speed up your playing so you are drumming faster to the 4-beat count and the beat sounds more rapid.
Speeding up the tempo will be good practice for doing more complex beats on the bucket drum, as it will get you more accustomed to playing to a different rhythms and speeds.
3. Doing More Complex Drumming
3-1. Practice a two handed drum beat.
A two handed drum beat is not too difficult to learn on its own. But it will allow you to learn more complex drum beats and also improvise your own drum beats.
This two handed drum beat involves hitting the bass once with one stick, hitting the snare with one stick, hitting the bass twice with one stick, and then hitting the snare with one stick. You will always hit the bass note with your right hand and the snare note with your left hand.
Practice this beat on the bucket drum. It can help to say out loud “boom” as you hit the bass, or middle of the bucket, and “ghat” as you hit the snare, or the rim of the bucket. The two handed drum beat should follow the pattern: “boom, ghat, boom, boom, ghat”. Make sure your right hand is making the “boom” and your left hand is making the “ghat”.
3-2. Add extra beats to the two handed drum beat.
Once you get the hang of the two handed drum beat, add extra beats to create some variation in your drumming. You can string these extra beats together to create a longer drumming routine.
Practice this by saying “boom” and “ghat” out loud as you hit the bucket with the drum sticks. Run through the first “boom, ghat, boom, boom, ghat” and repeat it a second time. On the second run though, add an extra “boom” or bass note hit, so the pattern becomes “boom,ghat, boom, boom, ghat, boom”.
Then, add in three hits with your right drumstick and then three hits with your left drumstick. This should create a “boom, boom, boom” and then “ghat, ghat, ghat” rhythm. Finish with one hit of the right drumstick and one hit of the left drumstick. This will create a 123-123-1-2 pattern, where you do three quick bass hits, three quick snare hits, one bass hit and one snare hit.
3-3. Try a stick flip.
A stick flip is a stickhandling trick that you can try to add some complexity to your bucket drumming. Start by practicing flipping one stick in your hand, throwing it and flipping it once in the air. Do this several times so you get a feel for how the stick should flip in your hand.
You can then integrate the stick flip into your drumming routine to make your drumming more impressive. Do this by flipping one stick in one hand while you are playing the drum beat with the drumstick in your other hand.
Play a basic beat first with both sticks, such as hitting the drum once with one stick and then hitting the drum once with the other stick. Then, as you hit the drum again with one stick, flip the stick in your other hand.
Speed this up so that eventually you are playing a drum beat at a 4-count and flipping one stick in your hand. You can then add the stick flip to any of the drum beats you are playing on the bucket drum to make your routine more interesting.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:56",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Creating Your Bucket Drum Set\\n1-1. Look for a large plastic bucket.\\nThe key component of your bucket drum set is going to be the bucket. A 15 liter (4 US gal) bucket is usually a good size for someone of an average height. You can find large plastic buckets at hardware stores or by asking friends or family if they have an empty plastic bucket you can use.\\nYou will also need a stool or another bucket of equal or lesser height that you can sit on when you drum.\\n1-2. Get wooden drumsticks.\\nThe second key component of your bucket drum set is a pair of wooden drumsticks. Look for drumsticks at your local music supply store or online.\\nYou can also use metal drumsticks, but they are often heavier and more difficult to use for beginner drummers.\\n1-3. Consider making a strap to carry your bucket drum.\\nIf you plan to move around with your bucket drum set, you can make it portable by making a strap for the bucket drum out of duct tape and rope.\\nBegin by wrapping duct tape around the bucket, a few inches from the bottom of the bucket. Wrap the duct tape around once and then once more again. At the end of the second layer of tape, pinch one inch of the tape to make a loop.\\nContinue wrapping the tape once you make the first loop for five to ten inches and then pinch the tape again to create a second loop. A wider gap between the loops works best if you want to tie the bucket around your waist. A narrower gap between the loops works best if you plan to carry the bucket via a shoulder strap.\\nWrap the tape around the bucket one more time, layering over the loops so they are double layered. This will make them strong enough to withstand the pull of the rope.\\nTurn the bucket upside down, with the opening on the ground. Then, put duct tape on the bucket vertically over the wrapped section to secure it further. Do this three to four times.\\nThread the rope through the loops and tie the bucket to your waist or make a shoulder strap with the rope and carry the bucket that way.\\n2. Playing a Basic Drum Beat\\n2-1. Be aware of the three elements of a basic drum beat.\\nIf you are new to playing drums, it is important that you learn the three elements of a basic drum beat: the bass, the snare, and the hi-hat. These three elements can be played to a certain time signature or rhythm to then create a basic drum beat.\\nThe bass is the deeper note on a drum beat. It is often played on regular drums by hitting a pedal on the ground that then hits the middle of a kick drum.\\nThe snare is the complementary note to the bass. It is often played on regular drums by hitting the rim of the drum and the middle of the drum with the drumstick.\\nThe hi-hat is also known as the lightest note in a drum beat. In a regular drum kit, the hi-hat is made of two cymbals mounted on a stand.\\n2-2. Identify the three elements of a drum beat on the bucket.\\nTo create a basic beat on the bucket drum, you will first need to identify the three elements of a drum beat that you can make on the bucket.\\nBegin by placing the bucket one to two feet in front of the stool on a hard, concrete floor. Sit down on the stool with a drumstick in each hand. The plastic bucket should be between your legs and you should be able to hit the bucket easily with the drumsticks.\\nUse the middle of the bucket as the bass note. Place one foot on the bottom edge of the bucket and tilt it slightly toward you. Then, use one of the drumsticks to hit the middle of the bucket. This should produce a deep bass note. You can also simply hit the middle of the bucket to make a bass note, but tilting the bucket will create a deeper sound.\\nUse the rim of the drum as the snare note. Hit the rim of the drum and the middle of the drum at the same time to make a snare note.\\nUse the concrete floor as the hi-hat. To make a hi-hat note, you can lean down and hit the concrete floor. This should create a nice, sharp hi-hat note.\\n2-3. Combine the hi-hat, the snare, and the bass to make a basic beat.\\nOnce you have identified the three elements of a drum beat on the bucket (and on the floor), you can put them together to make a basic drum beat.\\nStart by hitting your sticks together four times as this will help you to remember the 4-beat count. Then, tilt the bucket slightly and hit the middle of the bucket with one drum stick to make a bass note. Then, release the bucket and hit the rim and middle of the bucket to make a snare note. Play the bass note and then the snare note four time each, creating a 4-beat rhythm.\\nAfter you have played the bass and the snare four times through, add in the hi-hat. Lean down and hit the floor with the other drum stick in a quick 1-2-1-2 rhythm. Continue to play the bass and the snare with the other drum stick to a 4-beat count.\\n2-4. Practice the basic beat at different tempos.\\nAfter enough practice, you should be able to play the bass, the snare, and the hi-hat at a 4-beat count at a regular tempo. You can try to speed up your playing so you are drumming faster to the 4-beat count and the beat sounds more rapid.\\nSpeeding up the tempo will be good practice for doing more complex beats on the bucket drum, as it will get you more accustomed to playing to a different rhythms and speeds.\\n3. Doing More Complex Drumming\\n3-1. Practice a two handed drum beat.\\nA two handed drum beat is not too difficult to learn on its own. But it will allow you to learn more complex drum beats and also improvise your own drum beats.\\nThis two handed drum beat involves hitting the bass once with one stick, hitting the snare with one stick, hitting the bass twice with one stick, and then hitting the snare with one stick. You will always hit the bass note with your right hand and the snare note with your left hand.\\nPractice this beat on the bucket drum. It can help to say out loud “boom” as you hit the bass, or middle of the bucket, and “ghat” as you hit the snare, or the rim of the bucket. The two handed drum beat should follow the pattern: “boom, ghat, boom, boom, ghat”. Make sure your right hand is making the “boom” and your left hand is making the “ghat”.\\n3-2. Add extra beats to the two handed drum beat.\\nOnce you get the hang of the two handed drum beat, add extra beats to create some variation in your drumming. You can string these extra beats together to create a longer drumming routine.\\nPractice this by saying “boom” and “ghat” out loud as you hit the bucket with the drum sticks. Run through the first “boom, ghat, boom, boom, ghat” and repeat it a second time. On the second run though, add an extra “boom” or bass note hit, so the pattern becomes “boom,ghat, boom, boom, ghat, boom”.\\nThen, add in three hits with your right drumstick and then three hits with your left drumstick. This should create a “boom, boom, boom” and then “ghat, ghat, ghat” rhythm. Finish with one hit of the right drumstick and one hit of the left drumstick. This will create a 123-123-1-2 pattern, where you do three quick bass hits, three quick snare hits, one bass hit and one snare hit.\\n3-3. Try a stick flip.\\nA stick flip is a stickhandling trick that you can try to add some complexity to your bucket drumming. Start by practicing flipping one stick in your hand, throwing it and flipping it once in the air. Do this several times so you get a feel for how the stick should flip in your hand.\\nYou can then integrate the stick flip into your drumming routine to make your drumming more impressive. Do this by flipping one stick in one hand while you are playing the drum beat with the drumstick in your other hand.\\nPlay a basic beat first with both sticks, such as hitting the drum once with one stick and then hitting the drum once with the other stick. Then, as you hit the drum again with one stick, flip the stick in your other hand.\\nSpeed this up so that eventually you are playing a drum beat at a 4-count and flipping one stick in your hand. You can then add the stick flip to any of the drum beats you are playing on the bucket drum to make your routine more interesting.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Playing bucket drums is a fun way to practice percussion. You can achieve a unique sound by striking different parts of the bucket. Many people make extra money by playing their bucket drums on the street, in subway stations, or at festivals.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Creating Your Bucket Drum Set\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for a large plastic bucket.\", \"描述\": \"The key component of your bucket drum set is going to be the bucket. A 15 liter (4 US gal) bucket is usually a good size for someone of an average height. You can find large plastic buckets at hardware stores or by asking friends or family if they have an empty plastic bucket you can use.\\nYou will also need a stool or another bucket of equal or lesser height that you can sit on when you drum.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get wooden drumsticks.\", \"描述\": \"The second key component of your bucket drum set is a pair of wooden drumsticks. Look for drumsticks at your local music supply store or online.\\nYou can also use metal drumsticks, but they are often heavier and more difficult to use for beginner drummers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider making a strap to carry your bucket drum.\", \"描述\": \"If you plan to move around with your bucket drum set, you can make it portable by making a strap for the bucket drum out of duct tape and rope.\\nBegin by wrapping duct tape around the bucket, a few inches from the bottom of the bucket. Wrap the duct tape around once and then once more again. At the end of the second layer of tape, pinch one inch of the tape to make a loop.\\nContinue wrapping the tape once you make the first loop for five to ten inches and then pinch the tape again to create a second loop. A wider gap between the loops works best if you want to tie the bucket around your waist. A narrower gap between the loops works best if you plan to carry the bucket via a shoulder strap.\\nWrap the tape around the bucket one more time, layering over the loops so they are double layered. This will make them strong enough to withstand the pull of the rope.\\nTurn the bucket upside down, with the opening on the ground. Then, put duct tape on the bucket vertically over the wrapped section to secure it further. Do this three to four times.\\nThread the rope through the loops and tie the bucket to your waist or make a shoulder strap with the rope and carry the bucket that way.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Playing a Basic Drum Beat\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be aware of the three elements of a basic drum beat.\", \"描述\": \"If you are new to playing drums, it is important that you learn the three elements of a basic drum beat: the bass, the snare, and the hi-hat. These three elements can be played to a certain time signature or rhythm to then create a basic drum beat.\\nThe bass is the deeper note on a drum beat. It is often played on regular drums by hitting a pedal on the ground that then hits the middle of a kick drum.\\nThe snare is the complementary note to the bass. It is often played on regular drums by hitting the rim of the drum and the middle of the drum with the drumstick.\\nThe hi-hat is also known as the lightest note in a drum beat. In a regular drum kit, the hi-hat is made of two cymbals mounted on a stand.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Identify the three elements of a drum beat on the bucket.\", \"描述\": \"To create a basic beat on the bucket drum, you will first need to identify the three elements of a drum beat that you can make on the bucket.\\nBegin by placing the bucket one to two feet in front of the stool on a hard, concrete floor. Sit down on the stool with a drumstick in each hand. The plastic bucket should be between your legs and you should be able to hit the bucket easily with the drumsticks.\\nUse the middle of the bucket as the bass note. Place one foot on the bottom edge of the bucket and tilt it slightly toward you. Then, use one of the drumsticks to hit the middle of the bucket. This should produce a deep bass note. You can also simply hit the middle of the bucket to make a bass note, but tilting the bucket will create a deeper sound.\\nUse the rim of the drum as the snare note. Hit the rim of the drum and the middle of the drum at the same time to make a snare note.\\nUse the concrete floor as the hi-hat. To make a hi-hat note, you can lean down and hit the concrete floor. This should create a nice, sharp hi-hat note.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Combine the hi-hat, the snare, and the bass to make a basic beat.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have identified the three elements of a drum beat on the bucket (and on the floor), you can put them together to make a basic drum beat.\\nStart by hitting your sticks together four times as this will help you to remember the 4-beat count. Then, tilt the bucket slightly and hit the middle of the bucket with one drum stick to make a bass note. Then, release the bucket and hit the rim and middle of the bucket to make a snare note. Play the bass note and then the snare note four time each, creating a 4-beat rhythm.\\nAfter you have played the bass and the snare four times through, add in the hi-hat. Lean down and hit the floor with the other drum stick in a quick 1-2-1-2 rhythm. Continue to play the bass and the snare with the other drum stick to a 4-beat count.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice the basic beat at different tempos.\", \"描述\": \"After enough practice, you should be able to play the bass, the snare, and the hi-hat at a 4-beat count at a regular tempo. You can try to speed up your playing so you are drumming faster to the 4-beat count and the beat sounds more rapid.\\nSpeeding up the tempo will be good practice for doing more complex beats on the bucket drum, as it will get you more accustomed to playing to a different rhythms and speeds.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Doing More Complex Drumming\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Practice a two handed drum beat.\", \"描述\": \"A two handed drum beat is not too difficult to learn on its own. But it will allow you to learn more complex drum beats and also improvise your own drum beats.\\nThis two handed drum beat involves hitting the bass once with one stick, hitting the snare with one stick, hitting the bass twice with one stick, and then hitting the snare with one stick. You will always hit the bass note with your right hand and the snare note with your left hand.\\nPractice this beat on the bucket drum. It can help to say out loud “boom” as you hit the bass, or middle of the bucket, and “ghat” as you hit the snare, or the rim of the bucket. The two handed drum beat should follow the pattern: “boom, ghat, boom, boom, ghat”. Make sure your right hand is making the “boom” and your left hand is making the “ghat”.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add extra beats to the two handed drum beat.\", \"描述\": \"Once you get the hang of the two handed drum beat, add extra beats to create some variation in your drumming. You can string these extra beats together to create a longer drumming routine.\\nPractice this by saying “boom” and “ghat” out loud as you hit the bucket with the drum sticks. Run through the first “boom, ghat, boom, boom, ghat” and repeat it a second time. On the second run though, add an extra “boom” or bass note hit, so the pattern becomes “boom,ghat, boom, boom, ghat, boom”.\\nThen, add in three hits with your right drumstick and then three hits with your left drumstick. This should create a “boom, boom, boom” and then “ghat, ghat, ghat” rhythm. Finish with one hit of the right drumstick and one hit of the left drumstick. This will create a 123-123-1-2 pattern, where you do three quick bass hits, three quick snare hits, one bass hit and one snare hit.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try a stick flip.\", \"描述\": \"A stick flip is a stickhandling trick that you can try to add some complexity to your bucket drumming. Start by practicing flipping one stick in your hand, throwing it and flipping it once in the air. Do this several times so you get a feel for how the stick should flip in your hand.\\nYou can then integrate the stick flip into your drumming routine to make your drumming more impressive. Do this by flipping one stick in one hand while you are playing the drum beat with the drumstick in your other hand.\\nPlay a basic beat first with both sticks, such as hitting the drum once with one stick and then hitting the drum once with the other stick. Then, as you hit the drum again with one stick, flip the stick in your other hand.\\nSpeed this up so that eventually you are playing a drum beat at a 4-count and flipping one stick in your hand. You can then add the stick flip to any of the drum beats you are playing on the bucket drum to make your routine more interesting.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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40 Fun Things For Couples to Do Together
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1. Go on a picnic date.
Lounge in the sunny grass with cold drinks and finger foods.
Pack a picnic basket with everything you’ll need for a romantic afternoon at the park, like Burgers, champagne, and fresh fruit. Don’t forget a bottle opener!
2. Stargaze.
Marvel at the constellations (and each other).
Grab a soft blanket and find an open, grassy area to lie next to each other while you gaze up at the sky. Cuddle, hold hands, and reconnect under the stars.
3. Sing karaoke.
Laugh and belt your hearts out to your favorite duet.
What’s more exhilarating than colorful lights, music, and being on stage singing 80s anthems with the love of your life?
4. Plan a road trip.
Every couple needs an epic road trip story.
Visit a nearby town you’ve never been to or road trip from one coast to the other. It doesn’t matter where you go, as long as you’re together.
5. Go snorkeling or scuba diving.
See schools of fish and colorful reefs for a cherished life-long memory.
Plan a trip to a seaside destination and go on an underwater snorkeling or scuba diving adventure together.
6. Go camping.
Wrap yourselves in a blanket and cuddle by a fire under the stars.
Get away from work, screens, and stress by going on a weekend camping trip. Pack hot dogs, stuff for s’mores, and a cozy tent for two.
7. Build a sandcastle.
Be playful and embrace your inner child with a fun day at the beach.
Work together to build the sandcastle of your dreams. When it’s finished, walk along the beach holding hands and go for a refreshing swim.
8. Plant a tree.
Make a lasting impact that you can watch grow along with your love.
Plant a tree in your yard, or find an open spot in your community that could use more shade. If you plant the tree away from home, visit it occasionally with your partner to see how much it’s grown.
9. Go wine tasting.
Sip good wine
Make it more fun by ranking each wine you try. At the end, buy the bottle you both liked the most and save it for a special occasion (your anniversary, perhaps?).
10. Make a fort.
You’re never too old to make a pillow fort.
Drape linens or sheets over your dining room chairs. Line the floor with thick, plush blankets and pack in as many pillows as you can. Once you’re inside, play games, watch movies, or just cuddle and talk for hours.
11. Travel abroad.
Go on an adventure of a lifetime by visiting a new country.
Experience brand new sights, sounds, foods, and culture together.
12. Try ice skating.
Bundle up and hold on to each other tight.
Hold hands, take selfies, and keep each other stable while you ice skate in case one of you slips. End the day with some hot cocoa or whisky and lots of cuddling to warm up. Ice skating is the perfect winter bucket list activity.
13. Dine out at a fancy restaurant.
Dress up and dine out for a romantic night of good food and conversation.
Make a reservation somewhere that’s typically “off-limits” and splurge on yourselves—you deserve it! Wear your finest and ditch your phones so your eyes are only on each other. --Kylah Smart (talk) 23:39, 26 September 2022 (GMT)
14. Complete a puzzle.
Spend a rainy Sunday afternoon poring over puzzle pieces together.
There’s something so rewarding about accomplishing things together as a couple, and finishing a puzzle is no exception. When you’re finished, consider preserving and framing your puzzle to have as a romantic memento.
15. Do an escape room.
Solve cryptic clues, find secret passageways, and beat the clock.
You’ll both have to team up and work together to find your way out of the escape room before it’s too late!
16. Go kayaking.
Take time to connect with a calm, serene day on the water.
Rent a tandem kayak for a chance to work together (and be closer to each other). Paddle your way to a secluded cove or romantic lagoon and enjoy the wildlife, peaceful quiet, and opportunity to re-connect as a couple.
17. Have a movie marathon.
Grab popcorn, candy, and lots of comfy pillows and blankets.
Watch the trilogy you’re both obsessed with from start to finish, or marathon your favorite classic scary movies. Whatever you decide, make sure you snuggle up on the couch and keep plenty of snacks within reach.
18. Stay at a nice hotel.
Have a romantic, luxurious night away from home.
Go for a fancier hotel than you’d usually stay in. Order champagne and room service, and plan on spending most of the night in the room together.
19. Go skydiving.
If you’re looking for excitement and adventure, skydiving can’t be beat.
What better way is there to shake up your typical routine than jumping out of a plane together thousands of feet in the air?
20. Make your own beer or wine.
Crafting your own custom alcohol is a fun hobby to bond over as a couple.
Decide whether you’d like to make beer or wine, or make both! Once you’re finished tinkering with your recipe and fermenting your drink of choice, pour a glass and cheers to the fun experience.
21. Spend a day at a theme park.
Ride roller coasters and kiss at the top of the Ferris wheel.
A day at the theme park will be packed with excitement, hand-holding, cute selfies, and a giant funnel cake the two of you can share.
22. Visit a museum.
Admire beautiful art while you admire each other.
Drift through the halls of the museum while locking arms and talking about what you like about each piece. Choose your favorites and see if they’re the same!
23. Go dancing.
Cut loose and get your blood pumping on the dance floor.
Enjoy a night out together with good music, tasty drinks, and lots of dancing and touching.
24. Get a couples massage.
Feel the tension melt away as you enjoy a romantic massage together.
After your couples massage, take a steamy shower together and spend the rest of the day lounging in bath robes.
25. Ride in a hot air balloon.
Experience new heights as a couple.
Take in stunning vistas together as you soar high in the sky and make a memory you’ll never forget.
26. Go skinny dipping.
Strip down and splash around.
There’s nothing quite as sexy and exhilarating as taking a dip sans clothes with your partner!
27. Stay in bed all day.
Cuddle, watch movies, and have sex.
Choose a gloomy spring or cold winter day and stay in bed pretending the rest of the world doesn’t exist. Let the day be about just the two of you and re-connecting as a couple.
28. Fly first class.
Experience the high life together 30,000 feet in the air.
Plan a romantic getaway and splurge on first-class tickets. Sip champagne, recline, and fly in style to your destination.
29. Go horseback riding.
Saddle up and embark on a fun horseback riding adventure together.
There will be stunning nature, beautiful horses, and inevitably lots of laughter and incredible pictures. And have fun.
30. Visit where you first met.
Fall in love all over again at the place you first laid eyes on each other.
Make an afternoon out of it by hanging out and reminiscing about your relationship. Tell each other what it felt like when you first met and what instantly attracted each of you to the other.
31. Rent an RV.
Cruise the country in style and experience brand new sights.
Visit landmarks or towns you’ve both always dreamed of seeing, or be spontaneous and see what off-the-beaten-path places you discover along the way. Stay there for extra fun.
32. Hike a mountain.
Get away from the hustle-and-bustle and take in incredible views.
Find a scenic hiking trail that leads to a beautiful hidden waterfall or a mountain peak with awe-inspiring views. Reward yourselves afterward with drinks and a dinner date.
33. Have sex somewhere new.
Break out of your routine and be a little sexually adventurous.
Rent a hotel room, sneak down to the beach at night, or find a grassy meadow on your next camping trip. Making love somewhere new will rekindle your spark and add some excitement to your sex life.
34. Create your own recipe.
Make a custom dish
Choose a meal or dessert you both love, then start tinkering with the recipe to make it your own. Get creative and be playful—the more mess the better!
35. Play in the rain.
Grab your rain ponchos and head outside the next time it’s raining.
Walk holding hands, splash in puddles, and kiss each other in the rain.
36. Stay at a bed and breakfast.
Have a charming, romantic weekend away from home.
Book a room at a quaint B&B and spend the weekend eating homecooked meals, admiring the architecture, and connecting with each other.
37. Do couples yoga
Stretch, unwind, and put your hands all over each other.
Take a couples yoga class or watch videos online and do it in your living room. The important thing is that you’re getting some intimate time together.
38. Go apple picking
Collect apples, hold hands, and drink warm cider.
Bring home your haul of apples and bake an apple pie together for even more romantic fun.
39. Watch the sunset.
Talk about life, love, and your relationship as the sun goes down.
Park the car at a scenic overlook or lay down a blanket on a hill at the park and cuddle with each other.
40. Adopt a pet.
Add joy to your relationship with a furry, feathery, or scaly friend.
Pets are a lot of work, but they also bring life, warmth, and excitement to a home. If you and your partner love animals, it might be time to add a new member to your family!
You can spice up a long-distance relationship by spending quality time together.
Arrange a virtual date and have some fun.
For example, you can have dinner together, read poetry, watch a movie, or text inspirational things. You can text a song and say that the song reminds you of the other person or share YouTube clips.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:56",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Go on a picnic date.\\nLounge in the sunny grass with cold drinks and finger foods.\\nPack a picnic basket with everything you’ll need for a romantic afternoon at the park, like Burgers, champagne, and fresh fruit. Don’t forget a bottle opener!\\n2. Stargaze.\\nMarvel at the constellations (and each other).\\nGrab a soft blanket and find an open, grassy area to lie next to each other while you gaze up at the sky. Cuddle, hold hands, and reconnect under the stars.\\n3. Sing karaoke.\\nLaugh and belt your hearts out to your favorite duet.\\nWhat’s more exhilarating than colorful lights, music, and being on stage singing 80s anthems with the love of your life?\\n4. Plan a road trip.\\nEvery couple needs an epic road trip story.\\nVisit a nearby town you’ve never been to or road trip from one coast to the other. It doesn’t matter where you go, as long as you’re together.\\n5. Go snorkeling or scuba diving.\\nSee schools of fish and colorful reefs for a cherished life-long memory.\\nPlan a trip to a seaside destination and go on an underwater snorkeling or scuba diving adventure together.\\n6. Go camping.\\nWrap yourselves in a blanket and cuddle by a fire under the stars.\\nGet away from work, screens, and stress by going on a weekend camping trip. Pack hot dogs, stuff for s’mores, and a cozy tent for two.\\n7. Build a sandcastle.\\nBe playful and embrace your inner child with a fun day at the beach.\\nWork together to build the sandcastle of your dreams. When it’s finished, walk along the beach holding hands and go for a refreshing swim.\\n8. Plant a tree.\\nMake a lasting impact that you can watch grow along with your love.\\nPlant a tree in your yard, or find an open spot in your community that could use more shade. If you plant the tree away from home, visit it occasionally with your partner to see how much it’s grown.\\n9. Go wine tasting.\\nSip good wine\\nMake it more fun by ranking each wine you try. At the end, buy the bottle you both liked the most and save it for a special occasion (your anniversary, perhaps?).\\n10. Make a fort.\\nYou’re never too old to make a pillow fort.\\nDrape linens or sheets over your dining room chairs. Line the floor with thick, plush blankets and pack in as many pillows as you can. Once you’re inside, play games, watch movies, or just cuddle and talk for hours.\\n11. Travel abroad.\\nGo on an adventure of a lifetime by visiting a new country.\\nExperience brand new sights, sounds, foods, and culture together.\\n12. Try ice skating.\\nBundle up and hold on to each other tight.\\nHold hands, take selfies, and keep each other stable while you ice skate in case one of you slips. End the day with some hot cocoa or whisky and lots of cuddling to warm up. Ice skating is the perfect winter bucket list activity.\\n13. Dine out at a fancy restaurant.\\nDress up and dine out for a romantic night of good food and conversation.\\nMake a reservation somewhere that’s typically “off-limits” and splurge on yourselves—you deserve it! Wear your finest and ditch your phones so your eyes are only on each other. --Kylah Smart (talk) 23:39, 26 September 2022 (GMT)\\n14. Complete a puzzle.\\nSpend a rainy Sunday afternoon poring over puzzle pieces together.\\nThere’s something so rewarding about accomplishing things together as a couple, and finishing a puzzle is no exception. When you’re finished, consider preserving and framing your puzzle to have as a romantic memento.\\n15. Do an escape room.\\nSolve cryptic clues, find secret passageways, and beat the clock.\\nYou’ll both have to team up and work together to find your way out of the escape room before it’s too late!\\n16. Go kayaking.\\nTake time to connect with a calm, serene day on the water.\\nRent a tandem kayak for a chance to work together (and be closer to each other). Paddle your way to a secluded cove or romantic lagoon and enjoy the wildlife, peaceful quiet, and opportunity to re-connect as a couple.\\n17. Have a movie marathon.\\nGrab popcorn, candy, and lots of comfy pillows and blankets.\\nWatch the trilogy you’re both obsessed with from start to finish, or marathon your favorite classic scary movies. Whatever you decide, make sure you snuggle up on the couch and keep plenty of snacks within reach.\\n18. Stay at a nice hotel.\\nHave a romantic, luxurious night away from home.\\nGo for a fancier hotel than you’d usually stay in. Order champagne and room service, and plan on spending most of the night in the room together.\\n19. Go skydiving.\\nIf you’re looking for excitement and adventure, skydiving can’t be beat.\\nWhat better way is there to shake up your typical routine than jumping out of a plane together thousands of feet in the air?\\n20. Make your own beer or wine.\\nCrafting your own custom alcohol is a fun hobby to bond over as a couple.\\nDecide whether you’d like to make beer or wine, or make both! Once you’re finished tinkering with your recipe and fermenting your drink of choice, pour a glass and cheers to the fun experience.\\n21. Spend a day at a theme park.\\nRide roller coasters and kiss at the top of the Ferris wheel.\\nA day at the theme park will be packed with excitement, hand-holding, cute selfies, and a giant funnel cake the two of you can share.\\n22. Visit a museum.\\nAdmire beautiful art while you admire each other.\\nDrift through the halls of the museum while locking arms and talking about what you like about each piece. Choose your favorites and see if they’re the same!\\n23. Go dancing.\\nCut loose and get your blood pumping on the dance floor.\\nEnjoy a night out together with good music, tasty drinks, and lots of dancing and touching.\\n24. Get a couples massage.\\nFeel the tension melt away as you enjoy a romantic massage together.\\nAfter your couples massage, take a steamy shower together and spend the rest of the day lounging in bath robes.\\n25. Ride in a hot air balloon.\\nExperience new heights as a couple.\\nTake in stunning vistas together as you soar high in the sky and make a memory you’ll never forget.\\n26. Go skinny dipping.\\nStrip down and splash around.\\nThere’s nothing quite as sexy and exhilarating as taking a dip sans clothes with your partner!\\n27. Stay in bed all day.\\nCuddle, watch movies, and have sex.\\nChoose a gloomy spring or cold winter day and stay in bed pretending the rest of the world doesn’t exist. Let the day be about just the two of you and re-connecting as a couple.\\n28. Fly first class.\\nExperience the high life together 30,000 feet in the air.\\nPlan a romantic getaway and splurge on first-class tickets. Sip champagne, recline, and fly in style to your destination.\\n29. Go horseback riding.\\nSaddle up and embark on a fun horseback riding adventure together.\\nThere will be stunning nature, beautiful horses, and inevitably lots of laughter and incredible pictures. And have fun.\\n30. Visit where you first met.\\nFall in love all over again at the place you first laid eyes on each other.\\nMake an afternoon out of it by hanging out and reminiscing about your relationship. Tell each other what it felt like when you first met and what instantly attracted each of you to the other.\\n31. Rent an RV.\\nCruise the country in style and experience brand new sights.\\nVisit landmarks or towns you’ve both always dreamed of seeing, or be spontaneous and see what off-the-beaten-path places you discover along the way. Stay there for extra fun.\\n32. Hike a mountain.\\nGet away from the hustle-and-bustle and take in incredible views.\\nFind a scenic hiking trail that leads to a beautiful hidden waterfall or a mountain peak with awe-inspiring views. Reward yourselves afterward with drinks and a dinner date.\\n33. Have sex somewhere new.\\nBreak out of your routine and be a little sexually adventurous.\\nRent a hotel room, sneak down to the beach at night, or find a grassy meadow on your next camping trip. Making love somewhere new will rekindle your spark and add some excitement to your sex life.\\n34. Create your own recipe.\\nMake a custom dish\\nChoose a meal or dessert you both love, then start tinkering with the recipe to make it your own. Get creative and be playful—the more mess the better!\\n35. Play in the rain.\\nGrab your rain ponchos and head outside the next time it’s raining.\\nWalk holding hands, splash in puddles, and kiss each other in the rain.\\n36. Stay at a bed and breakfast.\\nHave a charming, romantic weekend away from home.\\nBook a room at a quaint B&B and spend the weekend eating homecooked meals, admiring the architecture, and connecting with each other.\\n37. Do couples yoga\\nStretch, unwind, and put your hands all over each other.\\nTake a couples yoga class or watch videos online and do it in your living room. The important thing is that you’re getting some intimate time together.\\n38. Go apple picking\\nCollect apples, hold hands, and drink warm cider.\\nBring home your haul of apples and bake an apple pie together for even more romantic fun.\\n39. Watch the sunset.\\nTalk about life, love, and your relationship as the sun goes down.\\nPark the car at a scenic overlook or lay down a blanket on a hill at the park and cuddle with each other.\\n40. Adopt a pet.\\nAdd joy to your relationship with a furry, feathery, or scaly friend.\\nPets are a lot of work, but they also bring life, warmth, and excitement to a home. If you and your partner love animals, it might be time to add a new member to your family!\\nYou can spice up a long-distance relationship by spending quality time together.\\nArrange a virtual date and have some fun.\\nFor example, you can have dinner together, read poetry, watch a movie, or text inspirational things. You can text a song and say that the song reminds you of the other person or share YouTube clips.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"With all of the stresses, chores, and distractions of daily life, it’s not always easy to find time to connect with your partner or come up with fun things to do together. That’s where having a couples bucket list comes in handy. With a bucket list like the one below, you and your S.O. will always have fun, cute, exciting activities to try that will bring you closer and help you re-connect. Work your way through these 40 ideas to keep your relationship exciting and grow closer as a couple.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go on a picnic date.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Lounge in the sunny grass with cold drinks and finger foods.\", \"描述\": \"Pack a picnic basket with everything you’ll need for a romantic afternoon at the park, like Burgers, champagne, and fresh fruit. Don’t forget a bottle opener!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stargaze.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Marvel at the constellations (and each other).\", \"描述\": \"Grab a soft blanket and find an open, grassy area to lie next to each other while you gaze up at the sky. Cuddle, hold hands, and reconnect under the stars.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Sing karaoke.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Laugh and belt your hearts out to your favorite duet.\", \"描述\": \"What’s more exhilarating than colorful lights, music, and being on stage singing 80s anthems with the love of your life?\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Plan a road trip.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Every couple needs an epic road trip story.\", \"描述\": \"Visit a nearby town you’ve never been to or road trip from one coast to the other. It doesn’t matter where you go, as long as you’re together.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Go snorkeling or scuba diving.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"See schools of fish and colorful reefs for a cherished life-long memory.\", \"描述\": \"Plan a trip to a seaside destination and go on an underwater snorkeling or scuba diving adventure together.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Go camping.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wrap yourselves in a blanket and cuddle by a fire under the stars.\", \"描述\": \"Get away from work, screens, and stress by going on a weekend camping trip. Pack hot dogs, stuff for s’mores, and a cozy tent for two.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Build a sandcastle.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Be playful and embrace your inner child with a fun day at the beach.\", \"描述\": \"Work together to build the sandcastle of your dreams. When it’s finished, walk along the beach holding hands and go for a refreshing swim.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Plant a tree.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make a lasting impact that you can watch grow along with your love.\", \"描述\": \"Plant a tree in your yard, or find an open spot in your community that could use more shade. If you plant the tree away from home, visit it occasionally with your partner to see how much it’s grown.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Go wine tasting.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sip good wine\", \"描述\": \"Make it more fun by ranking each wine you try. At the end, buy the bottle you both liked the most and save it for a special occasion (your anniversary, perhaps?).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Make a fort.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"You’re never too old to make a pillow fort.\", \"描述\": \"Drape linens or sheets over your dining room chairs. Line the floor with thick, plush blankets and pack in as many pillows as you can. Once you’re inside, play games, watch movies, or just cuddle and talk for hours.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Travel abroad.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Go on an adventure of a lifetime by visiting a new country.\", \"描述\": \"Experience brand new sights, sounds, foods, and culture together.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 12, \"标题\": \"Try ice skating.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Bundle up and hold on to each other tight.\", \"描述\": \"Hold hands, take selfies, and keep each other stable while you ice skate in case one of you slips. End the day with some hot cocoa or whisky and lots of cuddling to warm up. Ice skating is the perfect winter bucket list activity.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 13, \"标题\": \"Dine out at a fancy restaurant.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Dress up and dine out for a romantic night of good food and conversation.\", \"描述\": \"Make a reservation somewhere that’s typically “off-limits” and splurge on yourselves—you deserve it! Wear your finest and ditch your phones so your eyes are only on each other. --Kylah Smart (talk) 23:39, 26 September 2022 (GMT)\"}]}, {\"编号\": 14, \"标题\": \"Complete a puzzle.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Spend a rainy Sunday afternoon poring over puzzle pieces together.\", \"描述\": \"There’s something so rewarding about accomplishing things together as a couple, and finishing a puzzle is no exception. When you’re finished, consider preserving and framing your puzzle to have as a romantic memento.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 15, \"标题\": \"Do an escape room.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Solve cryptic clues, find secret passageways, and beat the clock.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll both have to team up and work together to find your way out of the escape room before it’s too late!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 16, \"标题\": \"Go kayaking.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take time to connect with a calm, serene day on the water.\", \"描述\": \"Rent a tandem kayak for a chance to work together (and be closer to each other). Paddle your way to a secluded cove or romantic lagoon and enjoy the wildlife, peaceful quiet, and opportunity to re-connect as a couple.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 17, \"标题\": \"Have a movie marathon.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Grab popcorn, candy, and lots of comfy pillows and blankets.\", \"描述\": \"Watch the trilogy you’re both obsessed with from start to finish, or marathon your favorite classic scary movies. Whatever you decide, make sure you snuggle up on the couch and keep plenty of snacks within reach.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 18, \"标题\": \"Stay at a nice hotel.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have a romantic, luxurious night away from home.\", \"描述\": \"Go for a fancier hotel than you’d usually stay in. Order champagne and room service, and plan on spending most of the night in the room together.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 19, \"标题\": \"Go skydiving.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"If you’re looking for excitement and adventure, skydiving can’t be beat.\", \"描述\": \"What better way is there to shake up your typical routine than jumping out of a plane together thousands of feet in the air?\"}]}, {\"编号\": 20, \"标题\": \"Make your own beer or wine.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Crafting your own custom alcohol is a fun hobby to bond over as a couple.\", \"描述\": \"Decide whether you’d like to make beer or wine, or make both! Once you’re finished tinkering with your recipe and fermenting your drink of choice, pour a glass and cheers to the fun experience.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 21, \"标题\": \"Spend a day at a theme park.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ride roller coasters and kiss at the top of the Ferris wheel.\", \"描述\": \"A day at the theme park will be packed with excitement, hand-holding, cute selfies, and a giant funnel cake the two of you can share.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 22, \"标题\": \"Visit a museum.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Admire beautiful art while you admire each other.\", \"描述\": \"Drift through the halls of the museum while locking arms and talking about what you like about each piece. Choose your favorites and see if they’re the same!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 23, \"标题\": \"Go dancing.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cut loose and get your blood pumping on the dance floor.\", \"描述\": \"Enjoy a night out together with good music, tasty drinks, and lots of dancing and touching.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 24, \"标题\": \"Get a couples massage.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Feel the tension melt away as you enjoy a romantic massage together.\", \"描述\": \"After your couples massage, take a steamy shower together and spend the rest of the day lounging in bath robes.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 25, \"标题\": \"Ride in a hot air balloon.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Experience new heights as a couple.\", \"描述\": \"Take in stunning vistas together as you soar high in the sky and make a memory you’ll never forget.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 26, \"标题\": \"Go skinny dipping.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Strip down and splash around.\", \"描述\": \"There’s nothing quite as sexy and exhilarating as taking a dip sans clothes with your partner!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 27, \"标题\": \"Stay in bed all day.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cuddle, watch movies, and have sex.\", \"描述\": \"Choose a gloomy spring or cold winter day and stay in bed pretending the rest of the world doesn’t exist. Let the day be about just the two of you and re-connecting as a couple.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 28, \"标题\": \"Fly first class.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Experience the high life together 30,000 feet in the air.\", \"描述\": \"Plan a romantic getaway and splurge on first-class tickets. Sip champagne, recline, and fly in style to your destination.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 29, \"标题\": \"Go horseback riding.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Saddle up and embark on a fun horseback riding adventure together.\", \"描述\": \"There will be stunning nature, beautiful horses, and inevitably lots of laughter and incredible pictures. And have fun.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 30, \"标题\": \"Visit where you first met.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Fall in love all over again at the place you first laid eyes on each other.\", \"描述\": \"Make an afternoon out of it by hanging out and reminiscing about your relationship. Tell each other what it felt like when you first met and what instantly attracted each of you to the other.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 31, \"标题\": \"Rent an RV.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cruise the country in style and experience brand new sights.\", \"描述\": \"Visit landmarks or towns you’ve both always dreamed of seeing, or be spontaneous and see what off-the-beaten-path places you discover along the way. Stay there for extra fun.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 32, \"标题\": \"Hike a mountain.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get away from the hustle-and-bustle and take in incredible views.\", \"描述\": \"Find a scenic hiking trail that leads to a beautiful hidden waterfall or a mountain peak with awe-inspiring views. Reward yourselves afterward with drinks and a dinner date.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 33, \"标题\": \"Have sex somewhere new.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Break out of your routine and be a little sexually adventurous.\", \"描述\": \"Rent a hotel room, sneak down to the beach at night, or find a grassy meadow on your next camping trip. Making love somewhere new will rekindle your spark and add some excitement to your sex life.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 34, \"标题\": \"Create your own recipe.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make a custom dish\", \"描述\": \"Choose a meal or dessert you both love, then start tinkering with the recipe to make it your own. Get creative and be playful—the more mess the better!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 35, \"标题\": \"Play in the rain.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Grab your rain ponchos and head outside the next time it’s raining.\", \"描述\": \"Walk holding hands, splash in puddles, and kiss each other in the rain.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 36, \"标题\": \"Stay at a bed and breakfast.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Have a charming, romantic weekend away from home.\", \"描述\": \"Book a room at a quaint B&B and spend the weekend eating homecooked meals, admiring the architecture, and connecting with each other.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 37, \"标题\": \"Do couples yoga\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stretch, unwind, and put your hands all over each other.\", \"描述\": \"Take a couples yoga class or watch videos online and do it in your living room. The important thing is that you’re getting some intimate time together.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 38, \"标题\": \"Go apple picking\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Collect apples, hold hands, and drink warm cider.\", \"描述\": \"Bring home your haul of apples and bake an apple pie together for even more romantic fun.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 39, \"标题\": \"Watch the sunset.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Talk about life, love, and your relationship as the sun goes down.\", \"描述\": \"Park the car at a scenic overlook or lay down a blanket on a hill at the park and cuddle with each other.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 40, \"标题\": \"Adopt a pet.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Add joy to your relationship with a furry, feathery, or scaly friend.\", \"描述\": \"Pets are a lot of work, but they also bring life, warmth, and excitement to a home. If you and your partner love animals, it might be time to add a new member to your family!\\nYou can spice up a long-distance relationship by spending quality time together.\\nArrange a virtual date and have some fun.\\nFor example, you can have dinner together, read poetry, watch a movie, or text inspirational things. You can text a song and say that the song reminds you of the other person or share YouTube clips.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,075 |
How to Buddy Tape Fingers
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1. Buddy Taping Injured Fingers
1-1. Identify the injured finger.
Fingers are very susceptible to injury and even breaking when exposed to blunt trauma, such as getting them caught in doors or jammed while playing contact sports. In most cases, it's obvious which finger is injured (the one that hurts the most), but sometimes you need to examine your hand and fingers closely to better understand the injury. Signs of mild-to-moderate musculoskeletal injuries include redness, swelling, inflammation, localized pain, bruising, reduced motion, and maybe some degree of crookedness if your finger is dislocated or fractured.
Buddy taping can be used on most finger injuries, even some stress (hairline) fractures, although more serious displaced fractures usually need splinting, casting, or surgery.
Small stress fractures, bone chips, contusions (bruises), and joint sprains are not considered serious issues, but severely crushed fingers (mangled and bleeding) or displaced compound fractures (bleeding with bone sticking out of the skin) require immediate medical care, especially if the thumb is involved.
1-2. Decide which fingers to tape together.
Once you've established which finger is injured, you need to decide which adjacent finger to buddy tape it to. In general, try to tape fingers together that are closest in length. The index finger and second finger are usually paired for buddy taping and fingers three and four are usually best taped together. Your thumb, due to its location and range of motion, can't be buddy taped to the index finger, so it's often splinted or casted when severely sprained or broken. In addition, make sure the "buddy" finger is uninjured, because taping two injured fingers together may create more problems.
If your third finger (ring finger) is injured, you have the option of buddy taping it to the second or fourth finger. Choose the finger most equal in length, but for the most stability, the ring finger should be buddy-taped to the middle finger.
1-3. Prepare your fingers for taping.
Once you've decided on which two fingers to buddy tape together, prepare your finger for taping. Start by washing your hands with soap and water, and then specifically clean the fingers to be taped with alcohol wipes. The alcohol in the wipes (isopropyl alcohol) is not only a good antiseptic, but it also gets rid of any oily or greasy residues that might prevent the tape from sticking to your skin. Use a hypoallergenic or low-irritant wrap underneath the tape if you have especially sensitive skin.
If alcohol wipes are not available, the next best alternative is simple soap and water.
1-4. Tape your fingers together.
Once you've cleaned and prepared the fingers, take some non-stretch medical, surgical, or athletic tape (about an inch wide) and tape your injured finger to the uninjured one — perhaps using a figure-eight pattern for more stability. Be careful not to bind the fingers too tightly together, because you might create additional swelling and may even cut off the circulation, causing tissue death (necrosis). The taping should be secure enough that both of your fingers move together. Check that there is no numbness, throbbing, color change, or loss of sensation in either finger after the taping.
Be cautious buddy taping fingers together if you have diabetes, circulation problems, or peripheral arterial disease, because any significant reduction in blood circulation (from taping too tight) increases the risk of necrosis.
Consider placing a thin strip of padding foam or cotton gauze between the fingers for comfort, protection and prevention of skin abrasions and/or blisters.
Keep in mind that your risk of bacterial infection significantly increases with blistering and abrasions on the surface of the skin.
Materials used for binding fingers include non-stretch medical/surgical paper tape, self-adherent wrap, electrical tape, small Velcro wraps and rubber bandages.
To provide more support (beneficial for dislocated fingers) use a wooden or metal splint along with the tape. Popsicle sticks also work pretty well, just make sure there are no sharp edges that can dig into your skin.
1-5. Follow up with a doctor for an evaluation.
If an injury is serious enough to warrant taping, it is serious enough to be evaluated. Once your finger is stabilized, you should see a health care provider for a more comprehensive examination. You will likely need an X-ray to make sure you do not have a severe fracture or other damage.
Use the buddy taping method in a pinch until you can seek medical care, but don't use it as a substitute for seeking medical attention.
If you are in pain, you can take an over-the-counter pain reliever to help. Try acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).
2. Avoiding Potential Complications
2-1. Change the tape regularly.
If your fingers are initially taped by your doctor or another healthcare professional, then they likely used water-resistant tape so that it's safe to wash your hands and shower at least once. As a general guideline, however, be prepared to re-tape your fingers on a daily basis, particularly if you shower or wash your hands frequently. Wet or moist tape and dressings promote the growth of bacteria and mold, which gives off an unpleasant odor and increases the risk of a skin infection.
Care should be taken when removing tape to avoid injury aggravation or skin damage. Use blunt-nosed scissors to cut the tape and then remove it slowly.
If your injured finger hurts more after re-taping it, remove the tape and start over, but make sure it's a little looser. This is also a sign that you should seek medical advice.
Your injured finger, depending on severity, may need to be buddy-taped for up to four weeks to properly heal, so you'll likely become very experienced at re-taping it.
2-2. Check for signs of infection.
This step is very important. Before reapplying the tape on a regular basis, check your fingers and the rest of your hand for any signs of skin irritation or infection. Abrasions, blisters and calluses increase the likelihood of a skin infection, so clean and dry your fingers thoroughly before re-taping them. Use soap and water to cleanse your hands.
Signs of a localized skin infection include local swelling, redness, throbbing pain, and discharge of pus, which may emit an unpleasant odor.
It's important to seek immediate medical attention if you suspect a skin infection.
2-3. Be vigilant for signs of necrosis.
As mentioned above, necrosis is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood and oxygen. An injured finger, particularly a dislocation or fracture, may already involve damaged blood vessels, so you have to be extra careful when buddy taping not to cut off circulation to the fingers. If you unintentionally do, then your fingers will likely start to throb with achy pain and turn dark red, then dark blue. Most tissue can survive without oxygen for a couple of hours (at most), but it's important to carefully observe your fingers within 30 minutes or so of taping to make sure they are getting enough blood.
Diabetics often have less feeling in their hands (and feet) and tend to have poor circulation. Diabetics should avoid buddy taping and get evaluated by a doctor, as the risk of infection is significant.
If necrosis does occur in the fingers, then bacterial infection can occur quickly. Untreated bacterial infections may turn gangrenous and may require amputation surgery so the infections won't spread.
If you experienced an open compound finger fracture (bone protrudes through the skin), your doctor may recommend a two-week course of oral antibiotics to deter a bacterial infection.
2-4. Don't tape a severely fractured finger.
Although most finger injuries respond well to buddy taping, some are beyond its scope. For example, when fingers are crushed and completely shattered (termed a comminuted fracture) or fractured such that the bones radically misalign and stick out through the skin (termed an open compound fracture), then no amount of taping is helpful and it shouldn't even be considered. Instead, with serious and unstable fractures, you need to get to an emergency department quickly for more appropriate medical care (likely an invasive surgical procedure). On the other hand, small hairline (stress) fractures are stable and appropriate to tape until you can see a healthcare provider.
Common symptoms of a severely broken finger include: intense sharp pain, swelling, stiffness, and usually immediate bruising due to internal bleeding. Likely your finger will look somewhat crooked and it will very difficult to make a fist or grab something heavy without severe pain.
Broken fingers can be related to conditions that weaken bone, such as cancer (bone tumors), local infections, osteoporosis (brittle bones), or chronic diabetes.
Tips
Most fingers are broken from accidents with machines, falls on an outstretched hand or from sporting injuries (football and basketball, particularly).[12]
X
Research source
Activity may aggravate your finger injury and cause more pain, so it's best not to use the involved hand excessively until the pain and inflammation fade away.
Finger strains and sprains usually heal within a week or so; small hairline (stress) fractures often take two to three weeks to recover; serious unstable fractures can take four to six weeks to mend.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Buddy Taping Injured Fingers\\n1-1. Identify the injured finger.\\nFingers are very susceptible to injury and even breaking when exposed to blunt trauma, such as getting them caught in doors or jammed while playing contact sports. In most cases, it's obvious which finger is injured (the one that hurts the most), but sometimes you need to examine your hand and fingers closely to better understand the injury. Signs of mild-to-moderate musculoskeletal injuries include redness, swelling, inflammation, localized pain, bruising, reduced motion, and maybe some degree of crookedness if your finger is dislocated or fractured.\\nBuddy taping can be used on most finger injuries, even some stress (hairline) fractures, although more serious displaced fractures usually need splinting, casting, or surgery.\\nSmall stress fractures, bone chips, contusions (bruises), and joint sprains are not considered serious issues, but severely crushed fingers (mangled and bleeding) or displaced compound fractures (bleeding with bone sticking out of the skin) require immediate medical care, especially if the thumb is involved.\\n1-2. Decide which fingers to tape together.\\nOnce you've established which finger is injured, you need to decide which adjacent finger to buddy tape it to. In general, try to tape fingers together that are closest in length. The index finger and second finger are usually paired for buddy taping and fingers three and four are usually best taped together. Your thumb, due to its location and range of motion, can't be buddy taped to the index finger, so it's often splinted or casted when severely sprained or broken. In addition, make sure the \\\"buddy\\\" finger is uninjured, because taping two injured fingers together may create more problems.\\nIf your third finger (ring finger) is injured, you have the option of buddy taping it to the second or fourth finger. Choose the finger most equal in length, but for the most stability, the ring finger should be buddy-taped to the middle finger.\\n1-3. Prepare your fingers for taping.\\nOnce you've decided on which two fingers to buddy tape together, prepare your finger for taping. Start by washing your hands with soap and water, and then specifically clean the fingers to be taped with alcohol wipes. The alcohol in the wipes (isopropyl alcohol) is not only a good antiseptic, but it also gets rid of any oily or greasy residues that might prevent the tape from sticking to your skin. Use a hypoallergenic or low-irritant wrap underneath the tape if you have especially sensitive skin.\\nIf alcohol wipes are not available, the next best alternative is simple soap and water.\\n1-4. Tape your fingers together.\\nOnce you've cleaned and prepared the fingers, take some non-stretch medical, surgical, or athletic tape (about an inch wide) and tape your injured finger to the uninjured one — perhaps using a figure-eight pattern for more stability. Be careful not to bind the fingers too tightly together, because you might create additional swelling and may even cut off the circulation, causing tissue death (necrosis). The taping should be secure enough that both of your fingers move together. Check that there is no numbness, throbbing, color change, or loss of sensation in either finger after the taping.\\nBe cautious buddy taping fingers together if you have diabetes, circulation problems, or peripheral arterial disease, because any significant reduction in blood circulation (from taping too tight) increases the risk of necrosis.\\nConsider placing a thin strip of padding foam or cotton gauze between the fingers for comfort, protection and prevention of skin abrasions and/or blisters.\\nKeep in mind that your risk of bacterial infection significantly increases with blistering and abrasions on the surface of the skin.\\nMaterials used for binding fingers include non-stretch medical/surgical paper tape, self-adherent wrap, electrical tape, small Velcro wraps and rubber bandages.\\nTo provide more support (beneficial for dislocated fingers) use a wooden or metal splint along with the tape. Popsicle sticks also work pretty well, just make sure there are no sharp edges that can dig into your skin.\\n1-5. Follow up with a doctor for an evaluation.\\nIf an injury is serious enough to warrant taping, it is serious enough to be evaluated. Once your finger is stabilized, you should see a health care provider for a more comprehensive examination. You will likely need an X-ray to make sure you do not have a severe fracture or other damage.\\nUse the buddy taping method in a pinch until you can seek medical care, but don't use it as a substitute for seeking medical attention.\\nIf you are in pain, you can take an over-the-counter pain reliever to help. Try acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).\\n2. Avoiding Potential Complications\\n2-1. Change the tape regularly.\\nIf your fingers are initially taped by your doctor or another healthcare professional, then they likely used water-resistant tape so that it's safe to wash your hands and shower at least once. As a general guideline, however, be prepared to re-tape your fingers on a daily basis, particularly if you shower or wash your hands frequently. Wet or moist tape and dressings promote the growth of bacteria and mold, which gives off an unpleasant odor and increases the risk of a skin infection.\\nCare should be taken when removing tape to avoid injury aggravation or skin damage. Use blunt-nosed scissors to cut the tape and then remove it slowly.\\nIf your injured finger hurts more after re-taping it, remove the tape and start over, but make sure it's a little looser. This is also a sign that you should seek medical advice.\\nYour injured finger, depending on severity, may need to be buddy-taped for up to four weeks to properly heal, so you'll likely become very experienced at re-taping it.\\n2-2. Check for signs of infection.\\nThis step is very important. Before reapplying the tape on a regular basis, check your fingers and the rest of your hand for any signs of skin irritation or infection. Abrasions, blisters and calluses increase the likelihood of a skin infection, so clean and dry your fingers thoroughly before re-taping them. Use soap and water to cleanse your hands.\\nSigns of a localized skin infection include local swelling, redness, throbbing pain, and discharge of pus, which may emit an unpleasant odor.\\nIt's important to seek immediate medical attention if you suspect a skin infection.\\n2-3. Be vigilant for signs of necrosis.\\nAs mentioned above, necrosis is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood and oxygen. An injured finger, particularly a dislocation or fracture, may already involve damaged blood vessels, so you have to be extra careful when buddy taping not to cut off circulation to the fingers. If you unintentionally do, then your fingers will likely start to throb with achy pain and turn dark red, then dark blue. Most tissue can survive without oxygen for a couple of hours (at most), but it's important to carefully observe your fingers within 30 minutes or so of taping to make sure they are getting enough blood.\\nDiabetics often have less feeling in their hands (and feet) and tend to have poor circulation. Diabetics should avoid buddy taping and get evaluated by a doctor, as the risk of infection is significant.\\nIf necrosis does occur in the fingers, then bacterial infection can occur quickly. Untreated bacterial infections may turn gangrenous and may require amputation surgery so the infections won't spread.\\nIf you experienced an open compound finger fracture (bone protrudes through the skin), your doctor may recommend a two-week course of oral antibiotics to deter a bacterial infection.\\n2-4. Don't tape a severely fractured finger.\\nAlthough most finger injuries respond well to buddy taping, some are beyond its scope. For example, when fingers are crushed and completely shattered (termed a comminuted fracture) or fractured such that the bones radically misalign and stick out through the skin (termed an open compound fracture), then no amount of taping is helpful and it shouldn't even be considered. Instead, with serious and unstable fractures, you need to get to an emergency department quickly for more appropriate medical care (likely an invasive surgical procedure). On the other hand, small hairline (stress) fractures are stable and appropriate to tape until you can see a healthcare provider.\\nCommon symptoms of a severely broken finger include: intense sharp pain, swelling, stiffness, and usually immediate bruising due to internal bleeding. Likely your finger will look somewhat crooked and it will very difficult to make a fist or grab something heavy without severe pain.\\nBroken fingers can be related to conditions that weaken bone, such as cancer (bone tumors), local infections, osteoporosis (brittle bones), or chronic diabetes.\\nTips\\nMost fingers are broken from accidents with machines, falls on an outstretched hand or from sporting injuries (football and basketball, particularly).[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nActivity may aggravate your finger injury and cause more pain, so it's best not to use the involved hand excessively until the pain and inflammation fade away.\\nFinger strains and sprains usually heal within a week or so; small hairline (stress) fractures often take two to three weeks to recover; serious unstable fractures can take four to six weeks to mend.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Buddy taping is a useful and simple method for treating sprains, dislocations and fractures of fingers and toes. Buddy taping is commonly practiced by healthcare professionals such as sports physicians, physical therapists, chiropractors and athletic trainers, but it can easily be accomplished at home by non-professionals too. If the buddy taping is done properly, it provides support, protection and helps to realign injured joints.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buddy Taping Injured Fingers\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify the injured finger.\", \"描述\": \"Fingers are very susceptible to injury and even breaking when exposed to blunt trauma, such as getting them caught in doors or jammed while playing contact sports. In most cases, it's obvious which finger is injured (the one that hurts the most), but sometimes you need to examine your hand and fingers closely to better understand the injury. Signs of mild-to-moderate musculoskeletal injuries include redness, swelling, inflammation, localized pain, bruising, reduced motion, and maybe some degree of crookedness if your finger is dislocated or fractured.\\nBuddy taping can be used on most finger injuries, even some stress (hairline) fractures, although more serious displaced fractures usually need splinting, casting, or surgery.\\nSmall stress fractures, bone chips, contusions (bruises), and joint sprains are not considered serious issues, but severely crushed fingers (mangled and bleeding) or displaced compound fractures (bleeding with bone sticking out of the skin) require immediate medical care, especially if the thumb is involved.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide which fingers to tape together.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've established which finger is injured, you need to decide which adjacent finger to buddy tape it to. In general, try to tape fingers together that are closest in length. The index finger and second finger are usually paired for buddy taping and fingers three and four are usually best taped together. Your thumb, due to its location and range of motion, can't be buddy taped to the index finger, so it's often splinted or casted when severely sprained or broken. In addition, make sure the \\\"buddy\\\" finger is uninjured, because taping two injured fingers together may create more problems.\\nIf your third finger (ring finger) is injured, you have the option of buddy taping it to the second or fourth finger. Choose the finger most equal in length, but for the most stability, the ring finger should be buddy-taped to the middle finger.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Prepare your fingers for taping.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've decided on which two fingers to buddy tape together, prepare your finger for taping. Start by washing your hands with soap and water, and then specifically clean the fingers to be taped with alcohol wipes. The alcohol in the wipes (isopropyl alcohol) is not only a good antiseptic, but it also gets rid of any oily or greasy residues that might prevent the tape from sticking to your skin. Use a hypoallergenic or low-irritant wrap underneath the tape if you have especially sensitive skin.\\nIf alcohol wipes are not available, the next best alternative is simple soap and water.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Tape your fingers together.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've cleaned and prepared the fingers, take some non-stretch medical, surgical, or athletic tape (about an inch wide) and tape your injured finger to the uninjured one — perhaps using a figure-eight pattern for more stability. Be careful not to bind the fingers too tightly together, because you might create additional swelling and may even cut off the circulation, causing tissue death (necrosis). The taping should be secure enough that both of your fingers move together. Check that there is no numbness, throbbing, color change, or loss of sensation in either finger after the taping.\\nBe cautious buddy taping fingers together if you have diabetes, circulation problems, or peripheral arterial disease, because any significant reduction in blood circulation (from taping too tight) increases the risk of necrosis.\\nConsider placing a thin strip of padding foam or cotton gauze between the fingers for comfort, protection and prevention of skin abrasions and/or blisters.\\nKeep in mind that your risk of bacterial infection significantly increases with blistering and abrasions on the surface of the skin.\\nMaterials used for binding fingers include non-stretch medical/surgical paper tape, self-adherent wrap, electrical tape, small Velcro wraps and rubber bandages.\\nTo provide more support (beneficial for dislocated fingers) use a wooden or metal splint along with the tape. Popsicle sticks also work pretty well, just make sure there are no sharp edges that can dig into your skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Follow up with a doctor for an evaluation.\", \"描述\": \"If an injury is serious enough to warrant taping, it is serious enough to be evaluated. Once your finger is stabilized, you should see a health care provider for a more comprehensive examination. You will likely need an X-ray to make sure you do not have a severe fracture or other damage.\\nUse the buddy taping method in a pinch until you can seek medical care, but don't use it as a substitute for seeking medical attention.\\nIf you are in pain, you can take an over-the-counter pain reliever to help. Try acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Avoiding Potential Complications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Change the tape regularly.\", \"描述\": \"If your fingers are initially taped by your doctor or another healthcare professional, then they likely used water-resistant tape so that it's safe to wash your hands and shower at least once. As a general guideline, however, be prepared to re-tape your fingers on a daily basis, particularly if you shower or wash your hands frequently. Wet or moist tape and dressings promote the growth of bacteria and mold, which gives off an unpleasant odor and increases the risk of a skin infection.\\nCare should be taken when removing tape to avoid injury aggravation or skin damage. Use blunt-nosed scissors to cut the tape and then remove it slowly.\\nIf your injured finger hurts more after re-taping it, remove the tape and start over, but make sure it's a little looser. This is also a sign that you should seek medical advice.\\nYour injured finger, depending on severity, may need to be buddy-taped for up to four weeks to properly heal, so you'll likely become very experienced at re-taping it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check for signs of infection.\", \"描述\": \"This step is very important. Before reapplying the tape on a regular basis, check your fingers and the rest of your hand for any signs of skin irritation or infection. Abrasions, blisters and calluses increase the likelihood of a skin infection, so clean and dry your fingers thoroughly before re-taping them. Use soap and water to cleanse your hands.\\nSigns of a localized skin infection include local swelling, redness, throbbing pain, and discharge of pus, which may emit an unpleasant odor.\\nIt's important to seek immediate medical attention if you suspect a skin infection.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Be vigilant for signs of necrosis.\", \"描述\": \"As mentioned above, necrosis is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood and oxygen. An injured finger, particularly a dislocation or fracture, may already involve damaged blood vessels, so you have to be extra careful when buddy taping not to cut off circulation to the fingers. If you unintentionally do, then your fingers will likely start to throb with achy pain and turn dark red, then dark blue. Most tissue can survive without oxygen for a couple of hours (at most), but it's important to carefully observe your fingers within 30 minutes or so of taping to make sure they are getting enough blood.\\nDiabetics often have less feeling in their hands (and feet) and tend to have poor circulation. Diabetics should avoid buddy taping and get evaluated by a doctor, as the risk of infection is significant.\\nIf necrosis does occur in the fingers, then bacterial infection can occur quickly. Untreated bacterial infections may turn gangrenous and may require amputation surgery so the infections won't spread.\\nIf you experienced an open compound finger fracture (bone protrudes through the skin), your doctor may recommend a two-week course of oral antibiotics to deter a bacterial infection.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Don't tape a severely fractured finger.\", \"描述\": \"Although most finger injuries respond well to buddy taping, some are beyond its scope. For example, when fingers are crushed and completely shattered (termed a comminuted fracture) or fractured such that the bones radically misalign and stick out through the skin (termed an open compound fracture), then no amount of taping is helpful and it shouldn't even be considered. Instead, with serious and unstable fractures, you need to get to an emergency department quickly for more appropriate medical care (likely an invasive surgical procedure). On the other hand, small hairline (stress) fractures are stable and appropriate to tape until you can see a healthcare provider.\\nCommon symptoms of a severely broken finger include: intense sharp pain, swelling, stiffness, and usually immediate bruising due to internal bleeding. Likely your finger will look somewhat crooked and it will very difficult to make a fist or grab something heavy without severe pain.\\nBroken fingers can be related to conditions that weaken bone, such as cancer (bone tumors), local infections, osteoporosis (brittle bones), or chronic diabetes.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Most fingers are broken from accidents with machines, falls on an outstretched hand or from sporting injuries (football and basketball, particularly).[12]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Activity may aggravate your finger injury and cause more pain, so it's best not to use the involved hand excessively until the pain and inflammation fade away.\\n\", \"Finger strains and sprains usually heal within a week or so; small hairline (stress) fractures often take two to three weeks to recover; serious unstable fractures can take four to six weeks to mend.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,076 |
How to Buddy Tape an Injured Toe
|
1. Buddy Taping Your Injured Toe
1-1. Identify which toe is injured.
Toes are very susceptible to injury and even breaking when exposed to blunt trauma, such as stubbing them against furniture or kicking sports equipment around. In most cases, it's obvious which toe is injured, but sometimes you need to examine your toes closely to better understand the injury. Signs of mild-to-moderate injuries include redness, swelling, inflammation, localized pain, bruising, reduced motion, and maybe some degree of crookedness if the toe is dislocated or broken. The smallest toe (5th) and the great toe (1st) are injured and broken more often than the other toes.
Buddy taping can be used on most toe injuries, even stress or hairline fractures, although more serious fractures typically need casting or surgery.
See your doctor right away if your toe is pointing the wrong direction, extremely painful, or swelling to the point of becoming numb.
Small hairline fractures, bone chips, contusions (bruises), and joint sprains are not considered serious problems, but severely crushed toes (mangled and bleeding) or displaced compound fractures (bleeding with bone sticking out of the skin) require immediate medical intervention, especially if the big toe is involved.
1-2. Decide which toes to tape.
Once you've established which toe is injured, you need to decide which toe to tape it to. In general, try to tape toes together that are close in length and thickness — if your second toe is injured, it's easier to tape it to your third toe than your big (first) toe due to the similarity in size. Furthermore, your big toe is needed for "toeing off" every time you take a step, so it's not a good choice for buddy taping. In addition, make sure the "buddy" toe is uninjured, because taping two injured toes together may make things worse. In such situations, casting or wearing a compression boot may be a better idea.
If your fourth toe is injured, tape it to the third toe instead of the fifth because they are more equal in size and length.
Don't buddy tape an injured toe if you have diabetes or peripheral arterial disease because any reduction in blood circulation from taping it too tight significantly increases the risk of necrosis (tissue death).
1-3. Loosely tape the toes together.
Once you've decided on which two toes to tape together, grab some medical or surgical tape and loosely tape your injured toe to the uninjured one, perhaps using a figure-eight pattern for the most stability. Be careful not to tape too tightly, otherwise you'll create additional swelling and may even cut off blood circulation to the injured toe. Consider placing some cotton gauze between the toes to prevent skin abrasion and/or blisters. Your risk of bacterial infection significantly increases with blistering and abrasions.
Don't use so much tape that you can't fit your foot into your shoes. Furthermore, too much tape promotes overheating and perspiration.
Materials used for binding toes include medical / surgical paper tape, self-adherent wrap, electricians tape, small Velcro wraps and rubber bandages.
To provide a little more support, which is certainly beneficial for dislocated toes, you can use a wooden or metal splint along with the tape. For toes, popsicle sticks work well, just make sure there are no sharp edges or splinters that can dig into the skin.
1-4. Change the tape after bathing.
If your toe is initially buddy taped by your doctor or another healthcare professional, then they likely used water resistant tape so that it's safe to take a shower or bath at least once. However, as a general guideline, be prepared to re-tape your toes after every washing so that you can check for any signs of skin irritation or infection. Abrasions, blisters and calluses increase the likelihood of a skin infection, so clean and dry your toes thoroughly before re-taping them. Consider cleaning your toes with alcohol wipes to disinfect them.
Signs of a skin infection include local swelling, redness, throbbing pain, and discharge of pus.
Your injured toe, depending on the severity of the injury, may need to be buddy-taped for up to four weeks to properly heal, so you'll likely become very experienced at re-taping it.
If your injured toe hurts more after re-taping it, then remove the tape and start over, but make sure the tape or wrap is a little looser.
2. Understanding Potential Complications
2-1. Look for signs of necrosis.
As noted above, necrosis is a type of tissue death due to lack of blood supply and oxygen. An injured toe, particularly a dislocation or fracture, may already involve damaged blood vessels, so you have to be extra careful when buddy taping not to cut off circulation to the toes. If you accidentally do, then the toes will likely start to throb with achy pain and turn dark red, then dark blue. Most tissue can survive without oxygen for a couple hours (at most), but it's imperative to carefully observe your toes within a 1/2 hour or so of taping to make sure they are getting enough blood.
People with diabetes have much less feeling in their toes and feet, and tend to have poor circulation, which is why they should avoid buddy taping toe injuries.
If necrosis does occur in the toes, then amputation surgery is needed to remove them so infection doesn't spread to the rest of the foot or leg.
If you experienced an open compound fracture, your doctor may recommend a precautionary two-week course of oral antibiotics to deter a bacterial infection.
2-2. Don't tape a severely fractured toe.
Although most injuries respond well to taping, some are beyond its scope. When toes are crushed and completely shattered (referred to as a comminuted fracture) or fractured such that the bones radically misalign and stick out through the skin (called an open compound fracture), then no amount of taping is helpful. Instead, you need to get to an emergency department immediately for medical attention and likely a surgical procedure.
Common symptoms of a broken toe include: intense sharp pain, swelling, stiffness, and usually immediate bruising due to internal bleeding. Walking is difficult, and running or jumping is nearly impossible without excruciating pain. You may also see your toe pointing a different direction than normal.
Broken toes can be related to conditions that weaken bone, such as bone cancer, bone infections, osteoporosis or chronic diabetes.
Your toe may not appear displaced even if it's broken. The only way to tell whether your toe is broken or sprained is by getting an X-ray done, so if you've injured your toe, you should see a doctor.
2-3. Protect your toe from further damage.
Once your toe is injured, it's even more susceptible to other damage and problems. As such, wear comfortable and protective shoes while taping your toes (anywhere from two to 6 weeks). Choose close-toed, comfortable fitting shoes that have plenty of room in the toe cap to accommodate the tape/gauze and any associated swelling. Hard-soled, supportive, and sturdy shoes are likely the most protective, so avoid flip-flops and soft slip-on types. Completely avoid high-heel shoes for at least a few months post-injury because they severely crowd the toes and restrict blood flow.
Supportive open-toed sandals can be used if the swelling in your toe is excessive, but remember that they don't offer any protection, so wear them with caution.
If you work in construction, or as a firefighter, police officer or landscaper, consider wearing steel-toed boots for added protection until your toe completely heals.
Tips
There's no need to be totally inactive once you injure your toe, but substitute activities that put less pressure on your foot, such as swimming, cycling or lifting weights.
For most toe injuries, buddy taping is a good idea, but don't forget about elevating and icing your toes also. Both help to reduce inflammation and pain.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Buddy Taping Your Injured Toe\\n1-1. Identify which toe is injured.\\nToes are very susceptible to injury and even breaking when exposed to blunt trauma, such as stubbing them against furniture or kicking sports equipment around. In most cases, it's obvious which toe is injured, but sometimes you need to examine your toes closely to better understand the injury. Signs of mild-to-moderate injuries include redness, swelling, inflammation, localized pain, bruising, reduced motion, and maybe some degree of crookedness if the toe is dislocated or broken. The smallest toe (5th) and the great toe (1st) are injured and broken more often than the other toes.\\nBuddy taping can be used on most toe injuries, even stress or hairline fractures, although more serious fractures typically need casting or surgery.\\nSee your doctor right away if your toe is pointing the wrong direction, extremely painful, or swelling to the point of becoming numb.\\nSmall hairline fractures, bone chips, contusions (bruises), and joint sprains are not considered serious problems, but severely crushed toes (mangled and bleeding) or displaced compound fractures (bleeding with bone sticking out of the skin) require immediate medical intervention, especially if the big toe is involved.\\n1-2. Decide which toes to tape.\\nOnce you've established which toe is injured, you need to decide which toe to tape it to. In general, try to tape toes together that are close in length and thickness — if your second toe is injured, it's easier to tape it to your third toe than your big (first) toe due to the similarity in size. Furthermore, your big toe is needed for \\\"toeing off\\\" every time you take a step, so it's not a good choice for buddy taping. In addition, make sure the \\\"buddy\\\" toe is uninjured, because taping two injured toes together may make things worse. In such situations, casting or wearing a compression boot may be a better idea.\\nIf your fourth toe is injured, tape it to the third toe instead of the fifth because they are more equal in size and length.\\nDon't buddy tape an injured toe if you have diabetes or peripheral arterial disease because any reduction in blood circulation from taping it too tight significantly increases the risk of necrosis (tissue death).\\n1-3. Loosely tape the toes together.\\nOnce you've decided on which two toes to tape together, grab some medical or surgical tape and loosely tape your injured toe to the uninjured one, perhaps using a figure-eight pattern for the most stability. Be careful not to tape too tightly, otherwise you'll create additional swelling and may even cut off blood circulation to the injured toe. Consider placing some cotton gauze between the toes to prevent skin abrasion and/or blisters. Your risk of bacterial infection significantly increases with blistering and abrasions.\\nDon't use so much tape that you can't fit your foot into your shoes. Furthermore, too much tape promotes overheating and perspiration.\\nMaterials used for binding toes include medical / surgical paper tape, self-adherent wrap, electricians tape, small Velcro wraps and rubber bandages.\\nTo provide a little more support, which is certainly beneficial for dislocated toes, you can use a wooden or metal splint along with the tape. For toes, popsicle sticks work well, just make sure there are no sharp edges or splinters that can dig into the skin.\\n1-4. Change the tape after bathing.\\nIf your toe is initially buddy taped by your doctor or another healthcare professional, then they likely used water resistant tape so that it's safe to take a shower or bath at least once. However, as a general guideline, be prepared to re-tape your toes after every washing so that you can check for any signs of skin irritation or infection. Abrasions, blisters and calluses increase the likelihood of a skin infection, so clean and dry your toes thoroughly before re-taping them. Consider cleaning your toes with alcohol wipes to disinfect them.\\nSigns of a skin infection include local swelling, redness, throbbing pain, and discharge of pus.\\nYour injured toe, depending on the severity of the injury, may need to be buddy-taped for up to four weeks to properly heal, so you'll likely become very experienced at re-taping it.\\nIf your injured toe hurts more after re-taping it, then remove the tape and start over, but make sure the tape or wrap is a little looser.\\n2. Understanding Potential Complications\\n2-1. Look for signs of necrosis.\\nAs noted above, necrosis is a type of tissue death due to lack of blood supply and oxygen. An injured toe, particularly a dislocation or fracture, may already involve damaged blood vessels, so you have to be extra careful when buddy taping not to cut off circulation to the toes. If you accidentally do, then the toes will likely start to throb with achy pain and turn dark red, then dark blue. Most tissue can survive without oxygen for a couple hours (at most), but it's imperative to carefully observe your toes within a 1/2 hour or so of taping to make sure they are getting enough blood.\\nPeople with diabetes have much less feeling in their toes and feet, and tend to have poor circulation, which is why they should avoid buddy taping toe injuries.\\nIf necrosis does occur in the toes, then amputation surgery is needed to remove them so infection doesn't spread to the rest of the foot or leg.\\nIf you experienced an open compound fracture, your doctor may recommend a precautionary two-week course of oral antibiotics to deter a bacterial infection.\\n2-2. Don't tape a severely fractured toe.\\nAlthough most injuries respond well to taping, some are beyond its scope. When toes are crushed and completely shattered (referred to as a comminuted fracture) or fractured such that the bones radically misalign and stick out through the skin (called an open compound fracture), then no amount of taping is helpful. Instead, you need to get to an emergency department immediately for medical attention and likely a surgical procedure.\\nCommon symptoms of a broken toe include: intense sharp pain, swelling, stiffness, and usually immediate bruising due to internal bleeding. Walking is difficult, and running or jumping is nearly impossible without excruciating pain. You may also see your toe pointing a different direction than normal.\\nBroken toes can be related to conditions that weaken bone, such as bone cancer, bone infections, osteoporosis or chronic diabetes.\\nYour toe may not appear displaced even if it's broken. The only way to tell whether your toe is broken or sprained is by getting an X-ray done, so if you've injured your toe, you should see a doctor.\\n2-3. Protect your toe from further damage.\\nOnce your toe is injured, it's even more susceptible to other damage and problems. As such, wear comfortable and protective shoes while taping your toes (anywhere from two to 6 weeks). Choose close-toed, comfortable fitting shoes that have plenty of room in the toe cap to accommodate the tape/gauze and any associated swelling. Hard-soled, supportive, and sturdy shoes are likely the most protective, so avoid flip-flops and soft slip-on types. Completely avoid high-heel shoes for at least a few months post-injury because they severely crowd the toes and restrict blood flow.\\nSupportive open-toed sandals can be used if the swelling in your toe is excessive, but remember that they don't offer any protection, so wear them with caution.\\nIf you work in construction, or as a firefighter, police officer or landscaper, consider wearing steel-toed boots for added protection until your toe completely heals.\\nTips\\nThere's no need to be totally inactive once you injure your toe, but substitute activities that put less pressure on your foot, such as swimming, cycling or lifting weights.\\nFor most toe injuries, buddy taping is a good idea, but don't forget about elevating and icing your toes also. Both help to reduce inflammation and pain.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Buddy taping is a useful and \\\"low-tech\\\" method for treating sprains, dislocations and fractures of toes and fingers. It's commonly done by health professionals such as sports physicians, physiotherapists, podiatrists and chiropractors, but it can be easily learned at home as well. If the taping is done properly, it provides support, protection and helps to realign the involved joints. However, there are complications sometimes associated with buddy taping, such as compromised blood supply, infections and loss of joint motion.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buddy Taping Your Injured Toe\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identify which toe is injured.\", \"描述\": \"Toes are very susceptible to injury and even breaking when exposed to blunt trauma, such as stubbing them against furniture or kicking sports equipment around. In most cases, it's obvious which toe is injured, but sometimes you need to examine your toes closely to better understand the injury. Signs of mild-to-moderate injuries include redness, swelling, inflammation, localized pain, bruising, reduced motion, and maybe some degree of crookedness if the toe is dislocated or broken. The smallest toe (5th) and the great toe (1st) are injured and broken more often than the other toes.\\nBuddy taping can be used on most toe injuries, even stress or hairline fractures, although more serious fractures typically need casting or surgery.\\nSee your doctor right away if your toe is pointing the wrong direction, extremely painful, or swelling to the point of becoming numb.\\nSmall hairline fractures, bone chips, contusions (bruises), and joint sprains are not considered serious problems, but severely crushed toes (mangled and bleeding) or displaced compound fractures (bleeding with bone sticking out of the skin) require immediate medical intervention, especially if the big toe is involved.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Decide which toes to tape.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've established which toe is injured, you need to decide which toe to tape it to. In general, try to tape toes together that are close in length and thickness — if your second toe is injured, it's easier to tape it to your third toe than your big (first) toe due to the similarity in size. Furthermore, your big toe is needed for \\\"toeing off\\\" every time you take a step, so it's not a good choice for buddy taping. In addition, make sure the \\\"buddy\\\" toe is uninjured, because taping two injured toes together may make things worse. In such situations, casting or wearing a compression boot may be a better idea.\\nIf your fourth toe is injured, tape it to the third toe instead of the fifth because they are more equal in size and length.\\nDon't buddy tape an injured toe if you have diabetes or peripheral arterial disease because any reduction in blood circulation from taping it too tight significantly increases the risk of necrosis (tissue death).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Loosely tape the toes together.\", \"描述\": \"Once you've decided on which two toes to tape together, grab some medical or surgical tape and loosely tape your injured toe to the uninjured one, perhaps using a figure-eight pattern for the most stability. Be careful not to tape too tightly, otherwise you'll create additional swelling and may even cut off blood circulation to the injured toe. Consider placing some cotton gauze between the toes to prevent skin abrasion and/or blisters. Your risk of bacterial infection significantly increases with blistering and abrasions.\\nDon't use so much tape that you can't fit your foot into your shoes. Furthermore, too much tape promotes overheating and perspiration.\\nMaterials used for binding toes include medical / surgical paper tape, self-adherent wrap, electricians tape, small Velcro wraps and rubber bandages.\\nTo provide a little more support, which is certainly beneficial for dislocated toes, you can use a wooden or metal splint along with the tape. For toes, popsicle sticks work well, just make sure there are no sharp edges or splinters that can dig into the skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Change the tape after bathing.\", \"描述\": \"If your toe is initially buddy taped by your doctor or another healthcare professional, then they likely used water resistant tape so that it's safe to take a shower or bath at least once. However, as a general guideline, be prepared to re-tape your toes after every washing so that you can check for any signs of skin irritation or infection. Abrasions, blisters and calluses increase the likelihood of a skin infection, so clean and dry your toes thoroughly before re-taping them. Consider cleaning your toes with alcohol wipes to disinfect them.\\nSigns of a skin infection include local swelling, redness, throbbing pain, and discharge of pus.\\nYour injured toe, depending on the severity of the injury, may need to be buddy-taped for up to four weeks to properly heal, so you'll likely become very experienced at re-taping it.\\nIf your injured toe hurts more after re-taping it, then remove the tape and start over, but make sure the tape or wrap is a little looser.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Understanding Potential Complications\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look for signs of necrosis.\", \"描述\": \"As noted above, necrosis is a type of tissue death due to lack of blood supply and oxygen. An injured toe, particularly a dislocation or fracture, may already involve damaged blood vessels, so you have to be extra careful when buddy taping not to cut off circulation to the toes. If you accidentally do, then the toes will likely start to throb with achy pain and turn dark red, then dark blue. Most tissue can survive without oxygen for a couple hours (at most), but it's imperative to carefully observe your toes within a 1/2 hour or so of taping to make sure they are getting enough blood.\\nPeople with diabetes have much less feeling in their toes and feet, and tend to have poor circulation, which is why they should avoid buddy taping toe injuries.\\nIf necrosis does occur in the toes, then amputation surgery is needed to remove them so infection doesn't spread to the rest of the foot or leg.\\nIf you experienced an open compound fracture, your doctor may recommend a precautionary two-week course of oral antibiotics to deter a bacterial infection.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Don't tape a severely fractured toe.\", \"描述\": \"Although most injuries respond well to taping, some are beyond its scope. When toes are crushed and completely shattered (referred to as a comminuted fracture) or fractured such that the bones radically misalign and stick out through the skin (called an open compound fracture), then no amount of taping is helpful. Instead, you need to get to an emergency department immediately for medical attention and likely a surgical procedure.\\nCommon symptoms of a broken toe include: intense sharp pain, swelling, stiffness, and usually immediate bruising due to internal bleeding. Walking is difficult, and running or jumping is nearly impossible without excruciating pain. You may also see your toe pointing a different direction than normal.\\nBroken toes can be related to conditions that weaken bone, such as bone cancer, bone infections, osteoporosis or chronic diabetes.\\nYour toe may not appear displaced even if it's broken. The only way to tell whether your toe is broken or sprained is by getting an X-ray done, so if you've injured your toe, you should see a doctor.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Protect your toe from further damage.\", \"描述\": \"Once your toe is injured, it's even more susceptible to other damage and problems. As such, wear comfortable and protective shoes while taping your toes (anywhere from two to 6 weeks). Choose close-toed, comfortable fitting shoes that have plenty of room in the toe cap to accommodate the tape/gauze and any associated swelling. Hard-soled, supportive, and sturdy shoes are likely the most protective, so avoid flip-flops and soft slip-on types. Completely avoid high-heel shoes for at least a few months post-injury because they severely crowd the toes and restrict blood flow.\\nSupportive open-toed sandals can be used if the swelling in your toe is excessive, but remember that they don't offer any protection, so wear them with caution.\\nIf you work in construction, or as a firefighter, police officer or landscaper, consider wearing steel-toed boots for added protection until your toe completely heals.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"There's no need to be totally inactive once you injure your toe, but substitute activities that put less pressure on your foot, such as swimming, cycling or lifting weights.\\n\", \"For most toe injuries, buddy taping is a good idea, but don't forget about elevating and icing your toes also. Both help to reduce inflammation and pain.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,077 |
How to Budget Your Money
|
1. Creating a Budget
1-1. Create a budgeting spreadsheet.
You can create a simple spreadsheet using Google Sheets or Excel. Your goal is to chart all your expenses and income during the course of a year, so make a spreadsheet that shows all your information clearly, allowing you to quickly identify any areas where you can spend smarter.
Label the top row with the 12 months of the year.
1-2. Find your monthly income after taxes.
Your net income, or the income that is yours to spend, is your monthly income after taxes are deducted. If you are on a salary, this will be a fixed amount each month, which you can find on your paystub. If you work an hourly position, your income may vary from month to month, but you can find an average amount by looking at your last 3 to 4 paystubs.
If you are a freelance worker or self-employed, you may be receiving your entire income without taxes taken out. Try to set aside about 20% of your income to pay your taxes at the end of the year.
1-3. List all of your fixed expenses.
Fixed expenses are the things that you pay the same price for every single month. This may include your rent, mortgage, some utilities, student loan payments, or a car payment. Add a label for each expense on the column at the very left of your spreadsheet, then write down the monetary amount you spend in each box underneath its corresponding month. For example:
Rent: $1,000
Electric: $100
Car payment: $250
Student loans: $400
Credit card payment: $100
1-4. Write down your variable expenses.
Variable expenses are the ones where the monetary amounts might change from month to month. These are usually the areas that are easy to cut back on if you’re trying to save money. Add these labels underneath your fixed expenses, then add them for every month that you can. For example, the month of March might say:
Groceries: $350
Gas: $120
Entertainment: $300
Personal items (hair care, makeup, clothes, etc.): $200
Vacation fund: $50
Savings: $200
1-5. Compare your expenses to your income.
To make your monthly budget, add up the total amount of money you spend every month from fixed and variable expenses. Then, subtract that amount from your monthly income. Whatever you have left over is your disposable income, or money that you have left at the end of the month. If you don’t have any money left or the number is negative, you’re probably spending more than you make each month.
For example: $600 (fixed expenses) + $550 (variable expenses) = $1,150 per month. $2,000 (monthly income) - $1,150 (total expenses) = $850 disposable income.
2. Using Your Budget
2-1. Pay all of your expenses first.
Before you get into saving money or putting money towards a goal, you have to make sure that you are paying all of your bills. Make sure you’re allocating the bulk of your income every month toward your bills that you have to pay to keep a roof over your head and food in your mouth.
There’s no point in saving money if you still have outstanding bills to pay!
You should try to allocate 50% of your income towards living expenses / necessities.
2-2. Put your excess money toward a specific goal.
Now that you know how much money you have left over at the end of the month, you can start putting that money toward your goals. You can put it into savings, pay off debt, or add it to a college fund for your kids. Make sure you know what you want to do with your extra money so you can make a plan.
For example, you could split your extra money into paying off debt and putting it in a savings account every month.
You could also give yourself a spending allowance or invest your excess money each month.
Try to put 20% of your income toward savings or a specific goal.
2-3. Adjust your habits if you are overspending.
If you calculated how much money you have left over at the end of the month and it isn’t much, you may need to adjust your spending habits. Try spending less on optional items, like clothing, entertainment, and going out to eat.
Not everyone is in a position to cut back on spending right now, and that’s okay. Eating food, paying your bills, and buying clothes are all necessary to live life, and you shouldn’t feel bad about that.
Try to be realistic on what you can cut back on. It’s easy to say that you can cut your entertainment budget in half, but it might not be fun to decline going out with your friends every time they ask.
Around 30% of your income should be spent on things you want but don’t need.
2-4. Set short-term goals to achieve within 1 year.
Now that you know how much money you receive and spend each month, you can set goals for your spending habits. Short-term goals are things that you can achieve within 12 months, and they should be specific and actionable. For example:
Put 5% of each paycheck in a savings account.
Pay off credit card balances in 12 months.
2-5. Create long-term goals to achieve within a few years.
Long-term goals are your budgeting goals that might take a little longer than 1 year to achieve. They should also be specific and actionable, and you can think further ahead into the future. For example:
Save $8,000 in an emergency savings fund.
Pay off student loans in 3 to 5 years.
Save $10,000 for a downpayment on a home.
2-6. Write down what you spend every time you make a purchase.
The best way to track how well you’re doing is to jot a note down every time you spend money. You can do this on a piece of paper, a note on your phone, or on a spreadsheet on the computer—whatever’s easiest. That way, you can see where your money is going and what you may be able to cut back on in the future.
Be really specific when you write down what you spent money on so you don’t forget it. For example, you could write, “$22.95 on a new watch for Mom’s birthday.”
2-7. Reduce your spending by purchasing less expensive items.
If you realize that you’re overspending, you may be able to make small changes to your habits that don’t affect your life much at all. For example, try buying in bulk at the grocery store instead of going for name-brand items. Or, make your coffee at home instead of buying one from a coffee shop. Small changes like this can add up over time, so keep at it!
Try packing your lunch instead of buying one, exercising outside instead of at the gym, subscribing to an online newspaper instead of buying one, or getting your books from the library instead of buying them brand new.
3. Practicing Good Budgeting Habits
3-1. Review your budget every month.
Your income or expenses may change from month to month, and it’s important to keep your budget updated. Be sure to keep track of your total spending and savings, and adjust your expenses if you need to.
At the beginning of each month, take a look at last month’s budget and see how you did. This can help you make adjustments for the future.
If you got a pay raise or paid off a debt, this can also affect your budget.
3-2. Use a budgeting tool to make your budget easier.
Spreadsheets are great, but it can be tough to keep track of your info all on your own. If you want to make your budget run a little smoother, try updating your information onto a budgeting website or app. That way, you’ll already have a budgeting template, and you can set reminders on the website to upload your spending habits so you don’t forget.
Quicken, Mint, YNAB, AceMoney, and BudgetPlus all offer budgeting services.
3-3. Treat yourself periodically, but within reason.
Your money has to work for you, not the other way around. You don't want to feel like a slave to your budget, or to money in general, so it's important to allow yourself a small treat every month that won't break your budget.
Take a look at your budget and decide what you can afford to splurge on. Some months you might be able to afford a new pair of shoes, other months you might go for a latte or a new notebook.
3-4. Pay off your debt every month, if you can.
If you use credit cards or have student loan debt, you should try to pay off at least the minimum amount every month to avoid high interest rates. If you cannot pay off the current balances, prioritize paying them off within a reasonable time period so that you can get to zero balances.
If you can afford to put more money toward your debt each month, you should prioritize that. Paying the minimum payment each month can take a long time to pay off your debt, and you can pay a ton of money in interest rates.
3-5. Keep money in savings for emergencies.
You can never plan for emergencies, and they can destroy your budget if they catch you off guard. Try to set aside some money every month in case your car breaks down, you need medical care, or you lose your job. That way, you’ll have a cushion to help you out.
It’s better to plan ahead for the unexpected now than let it catch you off guard.
If something unexpected does happen, reach out to your credit card company and student loan company to see if they can forgive some late payments or hold off on collections for a few months.
The general rule of thumb is to save enough money to cover 6 months of your expenses. For example, if you spend $1,500 every month, try to save $9,000 for emergencies.
Tips
Save your loose change in a jar and then take it into the bank to be rolled. You'll be surprised how your small change can add up.[24]
X
Research source
Did you know wikiHow offers coupons for a variety of services and stores? Keep your budget on track by using our coupon site for tons of money-saving deals and promo codes.
Warnings
High interest credit cards can add up quickly, and you can end up paying much more than what you originally owed in the first place.[25]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Creating a Budget\\n1-1. Create a budgeting spreadsheet.\\nYou can create a simple spreadsheet using Google Sheets or Excel. Your goal is to chart all your expenses and income during the course of a year, so make a spreadsheet that shows all your information clearly, allowing you to quickly identify any areas where you can spend smarter.\\nLabel the top row with the 12 months of the year.\\n1-2. Find your monthly income after taxes.\\nYour net income, or the income that is yours to spend, is your monthly income after taxes are deducted. If you are on a salary, this will be a fixed amount each month, which you can find on your paystub. If you work an hourly position, your income may vary from month to month, but you can find an average amount by looking at your last 3 to 4 paystubs.\\nIf you are a freelance worker or self-employed, you may be receiving your entire income without taxes taken out. Try to set aside about 20% of your income to pay your taxes at the end of the year.\\n1-3. List all of your fixed expenses.\\nFixed expenses are the things that you pay the same price for every single month. This may include your rent, mortgage, some utilities, student loan payments, or a car payment. Add a label for each expense on the column at the very left of your spreadsheet, then write down the monetary amount you spend in each box underneath its corresponding month. For example:\\nRent: $1,000\\nElectric: $100\\nCar payment: $250\\nStudent loans: $400\\nCredit card payment: $100\\n1-4. Write down your variable expenses.\\nVariable expenses are the ones where the monetary amounts might change from month to month. These are usually the areas that are easy to cut back on if you’re trying to save money. Add these labels underneath your fixed expenses, then add them for every month that you can. For example, the month of March might say:\\nGroceries: $350\\nGas: $120\\nEntertainment: $300\\nPersonal items (hair care, makeup, clothes, etc.): $200\\nVacation fund: $50\\nSavings: $200\\n1-5. Compare your expenses to your income.\\nTo make your monthly budget, add up the total amount of money you spend every month from fixed and variable expenses. Then, subtract that amount from your monthly income. Whatever you have left over is your disposable income, or money that you have left at the end of the month. If you don’t have any money left or the number is negative, you’re probably spending more than you make each month.\\nFor example: $600 (fixed expenses) + $550 (variable expenses) = $1,150 per month. $2,000 (monthly income) - $1,150 (total expenses) = $850 disposable income.\\n2. Using Your Budget\\n2-1. Pay all of your expenses first.\\nBefore you get into saving money or putting money towards a goal, you have to make sure that you are paying all of your bills. Make sure you’re allocating the bulk of your income every month toward your bills that you have to pay to keep a roof over your head and food in your mouth.\\nThere’s no point in saving money if you still have outstanding bills to pay!\\nYou should try to allocate 50% of your income towards living expenses / necessities.\\n2-2. Put your excess money toward a specific goal.\\nNow that you know how much money you have left over at the end of the month, you can start putting that money toward your goals. You can put it into savings, pay off debt, or add it to a college fund for your kids. Make sure you know what you want to do with your extra money so you can make a plan.\\nFor example, you could split your extra money into paying off debt and putting it in a savings account every month.\\nYou could also give yourself a spending allowance or invest your excess money each month.\\nTry to put 20% of your income toward savings or a specific goal.\\n2-3. Adjust your habits if you are overspending.\\nIf you calculated how much money you have left over at the end of the month and it isn’t much, you may need to adjust your spending habits. Try spending less on optional items, like clothing, entertainment, and going out to eat. \\nNot everyone is in a position to cut back on spending right now, and that’s okay. Eating food, paying your bills, and buying clothes are all necessary to live life, and you shouldn’t feel bad about that.\\nTry to be realistic on what you can cut back on. It’s easy to say that you can cut your entertainment budget in half, but it might not be fun to decline going out with your friends every time they ask.\\nAround 30% of your income should be spent on things you want but don’t need.\\n2-4. Set short-term goals to achieve within 1 year.\\nNow that you know how much money you receive and spend each month, you can set goals for your spending habits. Short-term goals are things that you can achieve within 12 months, and they should be specific and actionable. For example:\\nPut 5% of each paycheck in a savings account.\\nPay off credit card balances in 12 months.\\n2-5. Create long-term goals to achieve within a few years.\\nLong-term goals are your budgeting goals that might take a little longer than 1 year to achieve. They should also be specific and actionable, and you can think further ahead into the future. For example:\\nSave $8,000 in an emergency savings fund.\\nPay off student loans in 3 to 5 years.\\nSave $10,000 for a downpayment on a home.\\n2-6. Write down what you spend every time you make a purchase.\\nThe best way to track how well you’re doing is to jot a note down every time you spend money. You can do this on a piece of paper, a note on your phone, or on a spreadsheet on the computer—whatever’s easiest. That way, you can see where your money is going and what you may be able to cut back on in the future.\\nBe really specific when you write down what you spent money on so you don’t forget it. For example, you could write, “$22.95 on a new watch for Mom’s birthday.”\\n2-7. Reduce your spending by purchasing less expensive items.\\nIf you realize that you’re overspending, you may be able to make small changes to your habits that don’t affect your life much at all. For example, try buying in bulk at the grocery store instead of going for name-brand items. Or, make your coffee at home instead of buying one from a coffee shop. Small changes like this can add up over time, so keep at it!\\nTry packing your lunch instead of buying one, exercising outside instead of at the gym, subscribing to an online newspaper instead of buying one, or getting your books from the library instead of buying them brand new.\\n3. Practicing Good Budgeting Habits\\n3-1. Review your budget every month.\\nYour income or expenses may change from month to month, and it’s important to keep your budget updated. Be sure to keep track of your total spending and savings, and adjust your expenses if you need to.\\nAt the beginning of each month, take a look at last month’s budget and see how you did. This can help you make adjustments for the future.\\nIf you got a pay raise or paid off a debt, this can also affect your budget.\\n3-2. Use a budgeting tool to make your budget easier.\\nSpreadsheets are great, but it can be tough to keep track of your info all on your own. If you want to make your budget run a little smoother, try updating your information onto a budgeting website or app. That way, you’ll already have a budgeting template, and you can set reminders on the website to upload your spending habits so you don’t forget.\\nQuicken, Mint, YNAB, AceMoney, and BudgetPlus all offer budgeting services.\\n3-3. Treat yourself periodically, but within reason.\\nYour money has to work for you, not the other way around. You don't want to feel like a slave to your budget, or to money in general, so it's important to allow yourself a small treat every month that won't break your budget.\\nTake a look at your budget and decide what you can afford to splurge on. Some months you might be able to afford a new pair of shoes, other months you might go for a latte or a new notebook.\\n3-4. Pay off your debt every month, if you can.\\nIf you use credit cards or have student loan debt, you should try to pay off at least the minimum amount every month to avoid high interest rates. If you cannot pay off the current balances, prioritize paying them off within a reasonable time period so that you can get to zero balances.\\nIf you can afford to put more money toward your debt each month, you should prioritize that. Paying the minimum payment each month can take a long time to pay off your debt, and you can pay a ton of money in interest rates.\\n3-5. Keep money in savings for emergencies.\\nYou can never plan for emergencies, and they can destroy your budget if they catch you off guard. Try to set aside some money every month in case your car breaks down, you need medical care, or you lose your job. That way, you’ll have a cushion to help you out.\\nIt’s better to plan ahead for the unexpected now than let it catch you off guard.\\nIf something unexpected does happen, reach out to your credit card company and student loan company to see if they can forgive some late payments or hold off on collections for a few months.\\nThe general rule of thumb is to save enough money to cover 6 months of your expenses. For example, if you spend $1,500 every month, try to save $9,000 for emergencies.\\nTips\\nSave your loose change in a jar and then take it into the bank to be rolled. You'll be surprised how your small change can add up.[24]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nDid you know wikiHow offers coupons for a variety of services and stores? Keep your budget on track by using our coupon site for tons of money-saving deals and promo codes.\\nWarnings\\nHigh interest credit cards can add up quickly, and you can end up paying much more than what you originally owed in the first place.[25]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Creating a solid budget is the first step in taking control of your financial life and making your money work for you. It can help you crush your outstanding debt, put money into savings, and feel more relaxed and less stressed out. Budgeting doesn’t always have to mean spending less—it may just mean putting your money towards the important things first before treating yourself. By keeping track of your income and expenses each month, you can become a master of your money and meet your goals in a timely manner.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Creating a Budget\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create a budgeting spreadsheet.\", \"描述\": \"You can create a simple spreadsheet using Google Sheets or Excel. Your goal is to chart all your expenses and income during the course of a year, so make a spreadsheet that shows all your information clearly, allowing you to quickly identify any areas where you can spend smarter.\\nLabel the top row with the 12 months of the year.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find your monthly income after taxes.\", \"描述\": \"Your net income, or the income that is yours to spend, is your monthly income after taxes are deducted. If you are on a salary, this will be a fixed amount each month, which you can find on your paystub. If you work an hourly position, your income may vary from month to month, but you can find an average amount by looking at your last 3 to 4 paystubs.\\nIf you are a freelance worker or self-employed, you may be receiving your entire income without taxes taken out. Try to set aside about 20% of your income to pay your taxes at the end of the year.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"List all of your fixed expenses.\", \"描述\": \"Fixed expenses are the things that you pay the same price for every single month. This may include your rent, mortgage, some utilities, student loan payments, or a car payment. Add a label for each expense on the column at the very left of your spreadsheet, then write down the monetary amount you spend in each box underneath its corresponding month. For example:\\nRent: $1,000\\nElectric: $100\\nCar payment: $250\\nStudent loans: $400\\nCredit card payment: $100\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Write down your variable expenses.\", \"描述\": \"Variable expenses are the ones where the monetary amounts might change from month to month. These are usually the areas that are easy to cut back on if you’re trying to save money. Add these labels underneath your fixed expenses, then add them for every month that you can. For example, the month of March might say:\\nGroceries: $350\\nGas: $120\\nEntertainment: $300\\nPersonal items (hair care, makeup, clothes, etc.): $200\\nVacation fund: $50\\nSavings: $200\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Compare your expenses to your income.\", \"描述\": \"To make your monthly budget, add up the total amount of money you spend every month from fixed and variable expenses. Then, subtract that amount from your monthly income. Whatever you have left over is your disposable income, or money that you have left at the end of the month. If you don’t have any money left or the number is negative, you’re probably spending more than you make each month.\\nFor example: $600 (fixed expenses) + $550 (variable expenses) = $1,150 per month. $2,000 (monthly income) - $1,150 (total expenses) = $850 disposable income.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Your Budget\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pay all of your expenses first.\", \"描述\": \"Before you get into saving money or putting money towards a goal, you have to make sure that you are paying all of your bills. Make sure you’re allocating the bulk of your income every month toward your bills that you have to pay to keep a roof over your head and food in your mouth.\\nThere’s no point in saving money if you still have outstanding bills to pay!\\nYou should try to allocate 50% of your income towards living expenses / necessities.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Put your excess money toward a specific goal.\", \"描述\": \"Now that you know how much money you have left over at the end of the month, you can start putting that money toward your goals. You can put it into savings, pay off debt, or add it to a college fund for your kids. Make sure you know what you want to do with your extra money so you can make a plan.\\nFor example, you could split your extra money into paying off debt and putting it in a savings account every month.\\nYou could also give yourself a spending allowance or invest your excess money each month.\\nTry to put 20% of your income toward savings or a specific goal.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adjust your habits if you are overspending.\", \"描述\": \"If you calculated how much money you have left over at the end of the month and it isn’t much, you may need to adjust your spending habits. Try spending less on optional items, like clothing, entertainment, and going out to eat. \\nNot everyone is in a position to cut back on spending right now, and that’s okay. Eating food, paying your bills, and buying clothes are all necessary to live life, and you shouldn’t feel bad about that.\\nTry to be realistic on what you can cut back on. It’s easy to say that you can cut your entertainment budget in half, but it might not be fun to decline going out with your friends every time they ask.\\nAround 30% of your income should be spent on things you want but don’t need.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Set short-term goals to achieve within 1 year.\", \"描述\": \"Now that you know how much money you receive and spend each month, you can set goals for your spending habits. Short-term goals are things that you can achieve within 12 months, and they should be specific and actionable. For example:\\nPut 5% of each paycheck in a savings account.\\nPay off credit card balances in 12 months.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Create long-term goals to achieve within a few years.\", \"描述\": \"Long-term goals are your budgeting goals that might take a little longer than 1 year to achieve. They should also be specific and actionable, and you can think further ahead into the future. For example:\\nSave $8,000 in an emergency savings fund.\\nPay off student loans in 3 to 5 years.\\nSave $10,000 for a downpayment on a home.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Write down what you spend every time you make a purchase.\", \"描述\": \"The best way to track how well you’re doing is to jot a note down every time you spend money. You can do this on a piece of paper, a note on your phone, or on a spreadsheet on the computer—whatever’s easiest. That way, you can see where your money is going and what you may be able to cut back on in the future.\\nBe really specific when you write down what you spent money on so you don’t forget it. For example, you could write, “$22.95 on a new watch for Mom’s birthday.”\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Reduce your spending by purchasing less expensive items.\", \"描述\": \"If you realize that you’re overspending, you may be able to make small changes to your habits that don’t affect your life much at all. For example, try buying in bulk at the grocery store instead of going for name-brand items. Or, make your coffee at home instead of buying one from a coffee shop. Small changes like this can add up over time, so keep at it!\\nTry packing your lunch instead of buying one, exercising outside instead of at the gym, subscribing to an online newspaper instead of buying one, or getting your books from the library instead of buying them brand new.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Practicing Good Budgeting Habits\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Review your budget every month.\", \"描述\": \"Your income or expenses may change from month to month, and it’s important to keep your budget updated. Be sure to keep track of your total spending and savings, and adjust your expenses if you need to.\\nAt the beginning of each month, take a look at last month’s budget and see how you did. This can help you make adjustments for the future.\\nIf you got a pay raise or paid off a debt, this can also affect your budget.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use a budgeting tool to make your budget easier.\", \"描述\": \"Spreadsheets are great, but it can be tough to keep track of your info all on your own. If you want to make your budget run a little smoother, try updating your information onto a budgeting website or app. That way, you’ll already have a budgeting template, and you can set reminders on the website to upload your spending habits so you don’t forget.\\nQuicken, Mint, YNAB, AceMoney, and BudgetPlus all offer budgeting services.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Treat yourself periodically, but within reason.\", \"描述\": \"Your money has to work for you, not the other way around. You don't want to feel like a slave to your budget, or to money in general, so it's important to allow yourself a small treat every month that won't break your budget.\\nTake a look at your budget and decide what you can afford to splurge on. Some months you might be able to afford a new pair of shoes, other months you might go for a latte or a new notebook.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pay off your debt every month, if you can.\", \"描述\": \"If you use credit cards or have student loan debt, you should try to pay off at least the minimum amount every month to avoid high interest rates. If you cannot pay off the current balances, prioritize paying them off within a reasonable time period so that you can get to zero balances.\\nIf you can afford to put more money toward your debt each month, you should prioritize that. Paying the minimum payment each month can take a long time to pay off your debt, and you can pay a ton of money in interest rates.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Keep money in savings for emergencies.\", \"描述\": \"You can never plan for emergencies, and they can destroy your budget if they catch you off guard. Try to set aside some money every month in case your car breaks down, you need medical care, or you lose your job. That way, you’ll have a cushion to help you out.\\nIt’s better to plan ahead for the unexpected now than let it catch you off guard.\\nIf something unexpected does happen, reach out to your credit card company and student loan company to see if they can forgive some late payments or hold off on collections for a few months.\\nThe general rule of thumb is to save enough money to cover 6 months of your expenses. For example, if you spend $1,500 every month, try to save $9,000 for emergencies.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Save your loose change in a jar and then take it into the bank to be rolled. You'll be surprised how your small change can add up.[24]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Did you know wikiHow offers coupons for a variety of services and stores? Keep your budget on track by using our coupon site for tons of money-saving deals and promo codes.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"High interest credit cards can add up quickly, and you can end up paying much more than what you originally owed in the first place.[25]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,078 |
How to Budget Your Money As a Teen
|
1. Tracking Your Income and Expenses
1-1. Use budgeting software or apps to help with calculations.
All of your budgeting can be done using a pen, a piece of paper, and a calculator. But you can also use software like Excel or apps like Mint or iAllowance to create a detailed budget with charts or graphs to go with it. These also have the added benefit of doing all the math for you.
1-2. Add up how much money you earn.
Make a list of the things you do each month that bring in money. Do you get an allowance? Do you babysit? Do you mow lawns in your neighborhood? Include anything that you do regularly. Then add up the amounts of money you receive for these things.
For example, if each month you earn about $200 working at a cafe, $100 babysitting, and $50 walking dogs, then your monthly income is $350.
If these amounts vary from month to month, add up your income from the last six months, and then divide by six to get an average.
1-3. Add up costs you’re responsible for.
Do your parents make you buy your own clothes or pay for your own food when you go out with friends? If you drive, do you have to make a monthly car payment, or pay for gas? List everything you regularly spend money on, then add up about how much you’re spending each month.
For example, if your parents make you pay for new clothes, think of all the pants, tops, and shoes you bought last month. Estimate how much you spent on all of it. If you only buy new clothes every three months, divide that number by three to get a more accurate monthly total.
1-4. Look at your monthly statements.
If you have a debit or credit card, you probably receive a statement in the mail or through an online portal. Look at these statements from the past few months to see exactly where your money has been going.
It's also a good idea to review your statement and look for any fraudulent charges so you can report them right away.
1-5. Subtract what you spend from what you earn.
If you earned $350 last month, and you spent about $300, then you have a balance of $50, which is great! You can spend or save that money however you see fit. But if the numbers are reversed – you earned $300 and spent $350 – then you have a negative balance. You’re spending $50 more than you should be, and you’ll need to make some cuts.
1-6. List necessary expenses.
To figure out where you can cut costs, look at your list of expenses again. Circle everything you don’t have a choice about spending money on. For instance, a car payment is a necessary expense if you drive to school or work. But new clothes are not a necessary expense, since you could continue wearing your current wardrobe.
Other necessary expenses might be gas or insurance for your car, school supplies, toiletries, or a cell phone.
Other expenses that aren’t necessary are eating out, going to movies, buying video games, or buying extra pairs of shoes.
1-7. Aim for a 50/30/20 budget.
This budget breaks down into three parts: 50% necessities, 30% wants, and 20% savings. So if you’re making $350 a month, then $175 can go toward the necessary expenses you circled, $105 can go toward the unnecessary expenses, and $70 would go into savings.
If you find that your necessary expenses are more than 50% of what you’re earning each month, you’ll need to adjust the proportions of your budget. For example, if necessities are costing 70% of your income, adjust your wants down to 20% and your savings to 10%.
2. Spending Less
2-1. Find free things to do with friends.
It’s easy to get carried away when you go out with friends and spend money on food, movies, and shopping. Instead, plan activities that keep you away from restaurants and malls. Suggest a picnic at the park or the beach, then pack sandwiches and soda for everyone, or ask each person to bring something and do it potluck-style.
For daytime activities, consider hiking at a nearby state park, going for a bike ride, playing a board game, or going to a museum on a day that’s free for community members.
For nighttime activities, schedule a movie night at your house, or invite everyone over for s’mores and stargazing in your backyard.
2-2. Leave the credit card at home.
Figure out how much money you’re comfortable spending when you go out, and then take that much in cash. A credit card will allow you to go way beyond that number without even thinking about it.
If you’re worried about possible emergencies, keep a credit card in the glove box of your car (or in any other safe, hidden location). It’ll still be accessible, but it won’t be with you inside stores or restaurants.
2-3. Eat before you go out.
If you’re heading out for a movie or shopping, eat before you leave your house. You’ll be less likely to get hungry while you’re out, and you won’t be tempted to buy a slice of pizza or some popcorn.
If everyone’s going out to dinner together, you don’t have to stay home. Eat a snack before you leave and then order an inexpensive appetizer or a small salad as your main course. And always choose water as your beverage, rather than paying for a soda.
2-4. Wait for sales.
If you love shopping and can’t cut it out of your life, adjust the way you shop. Wait until the middle or end of the season to buy that season’s clothing. Stores will likely be starting to discount stuff to make room for next season’s clothes. If you find something you like online, check back in every week or so to keep an eye on the price.
Check out thrift stores and consignment stores to find items that are both discounted and unique.
2-5. Join community exchange groups.
Search Facebook for local groups in which members swap clothes or other items. Or check out sites like Freecycle, where people post things they no longer need or want for free.
If you can’t find one in your area, start one! Create a Facebook group and invite your friends to join and post items they want to get rid of or trade.
2-6. Pay off your credit card in full.
If you have a credit card, you may be tempted to just pay the minimum every month. But you’ll be charged hefty fees for doing this, and then you’ll end up spending far more money in the long run. Only spend money you know you have at home or in the bank, and then it won’t be a problem to pay off your balance.
3. Earning and Saving More
3-1. Get a part-time job.
If you have time, consider finding a part-time job you can do after school or on the weekends. Browse online job boards for your community, or ask your friends if they know of anyone who's hiring.
Go into local stores and ask if they're hiring cashiers. Or visit a movie theater or swimming pool and see if they need help running the concession stand.
3-2. Pick up odd jobs.
If you don't have a ton of time, but you want to earn some money, spread the word that you’re looking for work. Have your parents tell their friends you’re free for babysitting. Let the neighbors know you’re available to mow their lawn, rake their leaves, or shovel snow off their driveways.
Create a flyer with your name, phone number, and the type of work you’re looking for, and post it around the neighborhood.
Other jobs you could do include dog walking, house sitting, gutter cleaning, weeding, painting, or tutoring a younger student.
If your customers are mostly local, consider getting a credit card reader. People love paying with their credit cards. You can connect a card reader to your phone through companies like Square. These card readers can take care of all your calculations, including how much revenue you made and how much you will owe in taxes.
3-3. Set up a savings account.
If you don’t already have a savings account, ask your parents to set one up for you. Not only will the money in your account earn a little bit of interest, but you’ll be less likely to spend it if it’s a little more difficult to get to.
3-4. Make saving a habit.
Stick to your budget. If you determined you’re going to save 20% of your income, don’t wait until the end of the month to do it. You might be running out of money by then, and you’ll make excuses not to save. Instead, every time you get a paycheck or get handed some cash, immediately divide it up into your 50/30/20 budget plan.
If you don’t have a bank account yet, create a system with envelopes or jars. Get three jars and label each jar “Needs,” “Wants,” and “Savings.” Then distribute cash accordingly every time you earn some.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Tracking Your Income and Expenses\\n1-1. Use budgeting software or apps to help with calculations.\\nAll of your budgeting can be done using a pen, a piece of paper, and a calculator. But you can also use software like Excel or apps like Mint or iAllowance to create a detailed budget with charts or graphs to go with it. These also have the added benefit of doing all the math for you.\\n1-2. Add up how much money you earn.\\nMake a list of the things you do each month that bring in money. Do you get an allowance? Do you babysit? Do you mow lawns in your neighborhood? Include anything that you do regularly. Then add up the amounts of money you receive for these things.\\nFor example, if each month you earn about $200 working at a cafe, $100 babysitting, and $50 walking dogs, then your monthly income is $350.\\nIf these amounts vary from month to month, add up your income from the last six months, and then divide by six to get an average.\\n1-3. Add up costs you’re responsible for.\\nDo your parents make you buy your own clothes or pay for your own food when you go out with friends? If you drive, do you have to make a monthly car payment, or pay for gas? List everything you regularly spend money on, then add up about how much you’re spending each month.\\nFor example, if your parents make you pay for new clothes, think of all the pants, tops, and shoes you bought last month. Estimate how much you spent on all of it. If you only buy new clothes every three months, divide that number by three to get a more accurate monthly total.\\n1-4. Look at your monthly statements.\\nIf you have a debit or credit card, you probably receive a statement in the mail or through an online portal. Look at these statements from the past few months to see exactly where your money has been going.\\nIt's also a good idea to review your statement and look for any fraudulent charges so you can report them right away.\\n1-5. Subtract what you spend from what you earn.\\nIf you earned $350 last month, and you spent about $300, then you have a balance of $50, which is great! You can spend or save that money however you see fit. But if the numbers are reversed – you earned $300 and spent $350 – then you have a negative balance. You’re spending $50 more than you should be, and you’ll need to make some cuts.\\n1-6. List necessary expenses.\\nTo figure out where you can cut costs, look at your list of expenses again. Circle everything you don’t have a choice about spending money on. For instance, a car payment is a necessary expense if you drive to school or work. But new clothes are not a necessary expense, since you could continue wearing your current wardrobe.\\nOther necessary expenses might be gas or insurance for your car, school supplies, toiletries, or a cell phone.\\nOther expenses that aren’t necessary are eating out, going to movies, buying video games, or buying extra pairs of shoes.\\n1-7. Aim for a 50/30/20 budget.\\nThis budget breaks down into three parts: 50% necessities, 30% wants, and 20% savings. So if you’re making $350 a month, then $175 can go toward the necessary expenses you circled, $105 can go toward the unnecessary expenses, and $70 would go into savings.\\nIf you find that your necessary expenses are more than 50% of what you’re earning each month, you’ll need to adjust the proportions of your budget. For example, if necessities are costing 70% of your income, adjust your wants down to 20% and your savings to 10%.\\n2. Spending Less\\n2-1. Find free things to do with friends.\\nIt’s easy to get carried away when you go out with friends and spend money on food, movies, and shopping. Instead, plan activities that keep you away from restaurants and malls. Suggest a picnic at the park or the beach, then pack sandwiches and soda for everyone, or ask each person to bring something and do it potluck-style.\\nFor daytime activities, consider hiking at a nearby state park, going for a bike ride, playing a board game, or going to a museum on a day that’s free for community members.\\nFor nighttime activities, schedule a movie night at your house, or invite everyone over for s’mores and stargazing in your backyard.\\n2-2. Leave the credit card at home.\\nFigure out how much money you’re comfortable spending when you go out, and then take that much in cash. A credit card will allow you to go way beyond that number without even thinking about it.\\nIf you’re worried about possible emergencies, keep a credit card in the glove box of your car (or in any other safe, hidden location). It’ll still be accessible, but it won’t be with you inside stores or restaurants.\\n2-3. Eat before you go out.\\nIf you’re heading out for a movie or shopping, eat before you leave your house. You’ll be less likely to get hungry while you’re out, and you won’t be tempted to buy a slice of pizza or some popcorn.\\nIf everyone’s going out to dinner together, you don’t have to stay home. Eat a snack before you leave and then order an inexpensive appetizer or a small salad as your main course. And always choose water as your beverage, rather than paying for a soda.\\n2-4. Wait for sales.\\nIf you love shopping and can’t cut it out of your life, adjust the way you shop. Wait until the middle or end of the season to buy that season’s clothing. Stores will likely be starting to discount stuff to make room for next season’s clothes. If you find something you like online, check back in every week or so to keep an eye on the price.\\nCheck out thrift stores and consignment stores to find items that are both discounted and unique.\\n2-5. Join community exchange groups.\\nSearch Facebook for local groups in which members swap clothes or other items. Or check out sites like Freecycle, where people post things they no longer need or want for free.\\nIf you can’t find one in your area, start one! Create a Facebook group and invite your friends to join and post items they want to get rid of or trade.\\n2-6. Pay off your credit card in full.\\nIf you have a credit card, you may be tempted to just pay the minimum every month. But you’ll be charged hefty fees for doing this, and then you’ll end up spending far more money in the long run. Only spend money you know you have at home or in the bank, and then it won’t be a problem to pay off your balance.\\n3. Earning and Saving More\\n3-1. Get a part-time job.\\nIf you have time, consider finding a part-time job you can do after school or on the weekends. Browse online job boards for your community, or ask your friends if they know of anyone who's hiring.\\nGo into local stores and ask if they're hiring cashiers. Or visit a movie theater or swimming pool and see if they need help running the concession stand.\\n3-2. Pick up odd jobs.\\nIf you don't have a ton of time, but you want to earn some money, spread the word that you’re looking for work. Have your parents tell their friends you’re free for babysitting. Let the neighbors know you’re available to mow their lawn, rake their leaves, or shovel snow off their driveways.\\nCreate a flyer with your name, phone number, and the type of work you’re looking for, and post it around the neighborhood.\\nOther jobs you could do include dog walking, house sitting, gutter cleaning, weeding, painting, or tutoring a younger student.\\nIf your customers are mostly local, consider getting a credit card reader. People love paying with their credit cards. You can connect a card reader to your phone through companies like Square. These card readers can take care of all your calculations, including how much revenue you made and how much you will owe in taxes.\\n3-3. Set up a savings account.\\nIf you don’t already have a savings account, ask your parents to set one up for you. Not only will the money in your account earn a little bit of interest, but you’ll be less likely to spend it if it’s a little more difficult to get to.\\n3-4. Make saving a habit.\\nStick to your budget. If you determined you’re going to save 20% of your income, don’t wait until the end of the month to do it. You might be running out of money by then, and you’ll make excuses not to save. Instead, every time you get a paycheck or get handed some cash, immediately divide it up into your 50/30/20 budget plan.\\nIf you don’t have a bank account yet, create a system with envelopes or jars. Get three jars and label each jar “Needs,” “Wants,” and “Savings.” Then distribute cash accordingly every time you earn some.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’re running out of money each month or struggling to save enough for emergencies, it might be time for a budget. Whether you have a part-time job or just get an allowance from your parents, you can learn easy ways to track your expenses, spend less, and save more.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tracking Your Income and Expenses\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use budgeting software or apps to help with calculations.\", \"描述\": \"All of your budgeting can be done using a pen, a piece of paper, and a calculator. But you can also use software like Excel or apps like Mint or iAllowance to create a detailed budget with charts or graphs to go with it. These also have the added benefit of doing all the math for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add up how much money you earn.\", \"描述\": \"Make a list of the things you do each month that bring in money. Do you get an allowance? Do you babysit? Do you mow lawns in your neighborhood? Include anything that you do regularly. Then add up the amounts of money you receive for these things.\\nFor example, if each month you earn about $200 working at a cafe, $100 babysitting, and $50 walking dogs, then your monthly income is $350.\\nIf these amounts vary from month to month, add up your income from the last six months, and then divide by six to get an average.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Add up costs you’re responsible for.\", \"描述\": \"Do your parents make you buy your own clothes or pay for your own food when you go out with friends? If you drive, do you have to make a monthly car payment, or pay for gas? List everything you regularly spend money on, then add up about how much you’re spending each month.\\nFor example, if your parents make you pay for new clothes, think of all the pants, tops, and shoes you bought last month. Estimate how much you spent on all of it. If you only buy new clothes every three months, divide that number by three to get a more accurate monthly total.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look at your monthly statements.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a debit or credit card, you probably receive a statement in the mail or through an online portal. Look at these statements from the past few months to see exactly where your money has been going.\\nIt's also a good idea to review your statement and look for any fraudulent charges so you can report them right away.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Subtract what you spend from what you earn.\", \"描述\": \"If you earned $350 last month, and you spent about $300, then you have a balance of $50, which is great! You can spend or save that money however you see fit. But if the numbers are reversed – you earned $300 and spent $350 – then you have a negative balance. You’re spending $50 more than you should be, and you’ll need to make some cuts.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"List necessary expenses.\", \"描述\": \"To figure out where you can cut costs, look at your list of expenses again. Circle everything you don’t have a choice about spending money on. For instance, a car payment is a necessary expense if you drive to school or work. But new clothes are not a necessary expense, since you could continue wearing your current wardrobe.\\nOther necessary expenses might be gas or insurance for your car, school supplies, toiletries, or a cell phone.\\nOther expenses that aren’t necessary are eating out, going to movies, buying video games, or buying extra pairs of shoes.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Aim for a 50/30/20 budget.\", \"描述\": \"This budget breaks down into three parts: 50% necessities, 30% wants, and 20% savings. So if you’re making $350 a month, then $175 can go toward the necessary expenses you circled, $105 can go toward the unnecessary expenses, and $70 would go into savings.\\nIf you find that your necessary expenses are more than 50% of what you’re earning each month, you’ll need to adjust the proportions of your budget. For example, if necessities are costing 70% of your income, adjust your wants down to 20% and your savings to 10%.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Spending Less\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Find free things to do with friends.\", \"描述\": \"It’s easy to get carried away when you go out with friends and spend money on food, movies, and shopping. Instead, plan activities that keep you away from restaurants and malls. Suggest a picnic at the park or the beach, then pack sandwiches and soda for everyone, or ask each person to bring something and do it potluck-style.\\nFor daytime activities, consider hiking at a nearby state park, going for a bike ride, playing a board game, or going to a museum on a day that’s free for community members.\\nFor nighttime activities, schedule a movie night at your house, or invite everyone over for s’mores and stargazing in your backyard.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Leave the credit card at home.\", \"描述\": \"Figure out how much money you’re comfortable spending when you go out, and then take that much in cash. A credit card will allow you to go way beyond that number without even thinking about it.\\nIf you’re worried about possible emergencies, keep a credit card in the glove box of your car (or in any other safe, hidden location). It’ll still be accessible, but it won’t be with you inside stores or restaurants.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Eat before you go out.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re heading out for a movie or shopping, eat before you leave your house. You’ll be less likely to get hungry while you’re out, and you won’t be tempted to buy a slice of pizza or some popcorn.\\nIf everyone’s going out to dinner together, you don’t have to stay home. Eat a snack before you leave and then order an inexpensive appetizer or a small salad as your main course. And always choose water as your beverage, rather than paying for a soda.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wait for sales.\", \"描述\": \"If you love shopping and can’t cut it out of your life, adjust the way you shop. Wait until the middle or end of the season to buy that season’s clothing. Stores will likely be starting to discount stuff to make room for next season’s clothes. If you find something you like online, check back in every week or so to keep an eye on the price.\\nCheck out thrift stores and consignment stores to find items that are both discounted and unique.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Join community exchange groups.\", \"描述\": \"Search Facebook for local groups in which members swap clothes or other items. Or check out sites like Freecycle, where people post things they no longer need or want for free.\\nIf you can’t find one in your area, start one! Create a Facebook group and invite your friends to join and post items they want to get rid of or trade.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pay off your credit card in full.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a credit card, you may be tempted to just pay the minimum every month. But you’ll be charged hefty fees for doing this, and then you’ll end up spending far more money in the long run. Only spend money you know you have at home or in the bank, and then it won’t be a problem to pay off your balance.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Earning and Saving More\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get a part-time job.\", \"描述\": \"If you have time, consider finding a part-time job you can do after school or on the weekends. Browse online job boards for your community, or ask your friends if they know of anyone who's hiring.\\nGo into local stores and ask if they're hiring cashiers. Or visit a movie theater or swimming pool and see if they need help running the concession stand.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pick up odd jobs.\", \"描述\": \"If you don't have a ton of time, but you want to earn some money, spread the word that you’re looking for work. Have your parents tell their friends you’re free for babysitting. Let the neighbors know you’re available to mow their lawn, rake their leaves, or shovel snow off their driveways.\\nCreate a flyer with your name, phone number, and the type of work you’re looking for, and post it around the neighborhood.\\nOther jobs you could do include dog walking, house sitting, gutter cleaning, weeding, painting, or tutoring a younger student.\\nIf your customers are mostly local, consider getting a credit card reader. People love paying with their credit cards. You can connect a card reader to your phone through companies like Square. These card readers can take care of all your calculations, including how much revenue you made and how much you will owe in taxes.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Set up a savings account.\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t already have a savings account, ask your parents to set one up for you. Not only will the money in your account earn a little bit of interest, but you’ll be less likely to spend it if it’s a little more difficult to get to.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make saving a habit.\", \"描述\": \"Stick to your budget. If you determined you’re going to save 20% of your income, don’t wait until the end of the month to do it. You might be running out of money by then, and you’ll make excuses not to save. Instead, every time you get a paycheck or get handed some cash, immediately divide it up into your 50/30/20 budget plan.\\nIf you don’t have a bank account yet, create a system with envelopes or jars. Get three jars and label each jar “Needs,” “Wants,” and “Savings.” Then distribute cash accordingly every time you earn some.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,079 |
How to Budget for Medical Expenses in Retirement
|
1. Estimating Expenses
1-1. Take your age into account.
Recent reports show that a 65-year old couple should expect to spend at least $260,000 on medical expenses during their retirement. A 55-year old couple should expect to spend around $360,000 over their remaining years. The younger you plan to retire, the more expenses you will eventually accrue, even if you’re in relatively good health.
The average life expectancy for a man is 76 years, while the average for a woman is 81 years. The amount of money you’ll need is based on the average life expectancy, so if you live to be older, you’ll probably need a bit more money.
The older you retire, the less money you’ll have to set aside, simply because you won’t be living as many years in retirement.
1-2. Consider your current health.
Health risks are divided into 3 categories: low risk, medium risk, and high risk. Experts note that people with high health risks will probably pay 50% to 150% more for medical expenses than people who have low health risks. The categories are defined as:
Low risk: people who do not smoke and have no chronic conditions.
Medium risk: people who may smoke or have one or two chronic conditions.
High risk: people who smoke, visit the doctor regularly, or have 2 or more chronic conditions.
1-3. Subtract costs covered by Medicare.
If you are 65 or older and live in the United States, your health insurance will be covered by Medicare. Most Medicare plans cover most medical expenses, but they also come with yearly deductibles. While you won’t have to pay out of pocket for the bulk of your medical expenses, you may have to pay up to a $3,069.80 deductible per year for basic Medicare, especially if you have to stay in the hospital.
Therefore, if you live for another 10 years covered by Medicare, your expenses would reach $30,698 for one person.
There are 4 parts to Medicare: Part A covers your inpatient/hospital stays, part B covers your outpatient/medical coverage, part C is an alternate plan for qualified individuals (also called Medicare private health plan), and part D covers your prescription drugs.
1-4. Account for things that Medicare might not cover.
If you have Medicare, it won’t cover some prescription drugs, hearing aids, dental care, or eyeglasses. These out of pocket expenses can really add up, especially if you have any pre-existing conditions. Totals for these expenses vary greatly depending on your age and your health.
The American Dental Association reports that 2 yearly cleanings and x-rays normally cost around $288 annually.
1-5. Plan for any long-term care you might need.
Unfortunately, Medicare doesn’t cover long-term care, like home nurses or nursing home expenses. If you run into these expenses, you can apply for PACE (Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly) or SHIP (State Health Insurance Assistance Program). These federal and state-run programs will help pay for any long-term care you or your spouse might need.
These services also cover care costs of cognitive impairment, like Alzheimer’s.
1-6. Expect a 2% inflation every year.
Unfortunately, medical expenses aren’t exempt to inflation. Just like other prices will rise, so too will your doctor’s appointments, dental visits, and prescriptions. What you pay yearly now might not reflect what you pay in 10 years, so it’s always good to have a little wiggle room.
1-7. Aim for an out of pocket budget of $4,500 per year.
This is what most experts recommend for someone of retirement age. It will help cover any deductibles you end up paying, as well as unexpected costs, like dental visits, eye glasses, and prescriptions that aren’t covered by your insurance. If you can set aside this much for every year you expect to be in retirement, you will probably be set.
Experts also recommend revisiting your retirement plan every 5 years, just to make sure it’s keeping up with inflation.
2. Preparing before Retirement
2-1. Create an HSA before you retire.
An HSA, or a health savings account, can help you cover some of your medical expenses after you retire. If you want to create an HSA, you can either ask your employer or create one through your bank. Then, you decide how much money you want to add each year (up to $3,600 for individuals and $7,200 for families). When you need to use the money, you won’t be taxed, as long as it’s used for medical or healthcare expenses.
Once you enroll in Medicare, you won’t be able to make deposits into your HSA anymore.
Ideally, you would start an HSA now and then keep the money in the account until you retire. However, if you need the money before then, you can take some out to use for medical expenses without getting taxed.
2-2. Consider using a high deductible health plan.
High deductible plans don't start paying until after you've spent at least $1,400 (for an individual) or $2,800 (for a family) out of pocket for medical expenses. The benefit to these plans is that the premium, or the amount you pay per month for them, is much lower than typical health coverage plans. Usually, you would have a high deductible plan in conjunction with an HSA to pay your out of pocket expenses until the health plan kicks in.
If you want to look into a high deductible health plan, talk to your employer or shop for one online.
2-3. Ask your employer about retirement health coverage.
Although it’s less common now, some businesses will keep providing health coverage even after you retire. If you like your health plan now and you want to stick with it, consider talking to your employer to see if that’s an option. If it is, you may be able to keep your healthcare coverage even though you’re no longer working.
If your employer doesn’t offer it, check with your spouse’s employer, too.
2-4. Try a Roth IRA for fewer taxes.
Since you might have to pull money out of your retirement for medical expenses, it’s worth looking into a Roth IRA rather than a traditional IRA or a 401(k). In a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k), retirement withdrawals are free, which can really save you money if you have to pay any out of pocket expenses.
Many businesses offer both traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs. If you’d like to switch, talk to your employer.
If your employer doesn’t offer it and you make less than $117,000 per year, you can contribute up to $5,500 to a Roth IRA annually. If you’re over 50, you can contribute up to $6,500.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Estimating Expenses\\n1-1. Take your age into account.\\nRecent reports show that a 65-year old couple should expect to spend at least $260,000 on medical expenses during their retirement. A 55-year old couple should expect to spend around $360,000 over their remaining years. The younger you plan to retire, the more expenses you will eventually accrue, even if you’re in relatively good health.\\nThe average life expectancy for a man is 76 years, while the average for a woman is 81 years. The amount of money you’ll need is based on the average life expectancy, so if you live to be older, you’ll probably need a bit more money.\\nThe older you retire, the less money you’ll have to set aside, simply because you won’t be living as many years in retirement.\\n1-2. Consider your current health.\\nHealth risks are divided into 3 categories: low risk, medium risk, and high risk. Experts note that people with high health risks will probably pay 50% to 150% more for medical expenses than people who have low health risks. The categories are defined as:\\nLow risk: people who do not smoke and have no chronic conditions.\\nMedium risk: people who may smoke or have one or two chronic conditions.\\nHigh risk: people who smoke, visit the doctor regularly, or have 2 or more chronic conditions.\\n1-3. Subtract costs covered by Medicare.\\nIf you are 65 or older and live in the United States, your health insurance will be covered by Medicare. Most Medicare plans cover most medical expenses, but they also come with yearly deductibles. While you won’t have to pay out of pocket for the bulk of your medical expenses, you may have to pay up to a $3,069.80 deductible per year for basic Medicare, especially if you have to stay in the hospital.\\nTherefore, if you live for another 10 years covered by Medicare, your expenses would reach $30,698 for one person.\\nThere are 4 parts to Medicare: Part A covers your inpatient/hospital stays, part B covers your outpatient/medical coverage, part C is an alternate plan for qualified individuals (also called Medicare private health plan), and part D covers your prescription drugs.\\n1-4. Account for things that Medicare might not cover.\\nIf you have Medicare, it won’t cover some prescription drugs, hearing aids, dental care, or eyeglasses. These out of pocket expenses can really add up, especially if you have any pre-existing conditions. Totals for these expenses vary greatly depending on your age and your health.\\nThe American Dental Association reports that 2 yearly cleanings and x-rays normally cost around $288 annually.\\n1-5. Plan for any long-term care you might need.\\nUnfortunately, Medicare doesn’t cover long-term care, like home nurses or nursing home expenses. If you run into these expenses, you can apply for PACE (Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly) or SHIP (State Health Insurance Assistance Program). These federal and state-run programs will help pay for any long-term care you or your spouse might need.\\nThese services also cover care costs of cognitive impairment, like Alzheimer’s.\\n1-6. Expect a 2% inflation every year.\\nUnfortunately, medical expenses aren’t exempt to inflation. Just like other prices will rise, so too will your doctor’s appointments, dental visits, and prescriptions. What you pay yearly now might not reflect what you pay in 10 years, so it’s always good to have a little wiggle room.\\n1-7. Aim for an out of pocket budget of $4,500 per year.\\nThis is what most experts recommend for someone of retirement age. It will help cover any deductibles you end up paying, as well as unexpected costs, like dental visits, eye glasses, and prescriptions that aren’t covered by your insurance. If you can set aside this much for every year you expect to be in retirement, you will probably be set.\\nExperts also recommend revisiting your retirement plan every 5 years, just to make sure it’s keeping up with inflation.\\n2. Preparing before Retirement\\n2-1. Create an HSA before you retire.\\nAn HSA, or a health savings account, can help you cover some of your medical expenses after you retire. If you want to create an HSA, you can either ask your employer or create one through your bank. Then, you decide how much money you want to add each year (up to $3,600 for individuals and $7,200 for families). When you need to use the money, you won’t be taxed, as long as it’s used for medical or healthcare expenses.\\nOnce you enroll in Medicare, you won’t be able to make deposits into your HSA anymore.\\nIdeally, you would start an HSA now and then keep the money in the account until you retire. However, if you need the money before then, you can take some out to use for medical expenses without getting taxed.\\n2-2. Consider using a high deductible health plan.\\nHigh deductible plans don't start paying until after you've spent at least $1,400 (for an individual) or $2,800 (for a family) out of pocket for medical expenses. The benefit to these plans is that the premium, or the amount you pay per month for them, is much lower than typical health coverage plans. Usually, you would have a high deductible plan in conjunction with an HSA to pay your out of pocket expenses until the health plan kicks in.\\nIf you want to look into a high deductible health plan, talk to your employer or shop for one online.\\n2-3. Ask your employer about retirement health coverage.\\nAlthough it’s less common now, some businesses will keep providing health coverage even after you retire. If you like your health plan now and you want to stick with it, consider talking to your employer to see if that’s an option. If it is, you may be able to keep your healthcare coverage even though you’re no longer working.\\nIf your employer doesn’t offer it, check with your spouse’s employer, too.\\n2-4. Try a Roth IRA for fewer taxes.\\nSince you might have to pull money out of your retirement for medical expenses, it’s worth looking into a Roth IRA rather than a traditional IRA or a 401(k). In a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k), retirement withdrawals are free, which can really save you money if you have to pay any out of pocket expenses.\\nMany businesses offer both traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs. If you’d like to switch, talk to your employer.\\nIf your employer doesn’t offer it and you make less than $117,000 per year, you can contribute up to $5,500 to a Roth IRA annually. If you’re over 50, you can contribute up to $6,500.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Planning for retirement is never easy, especially when you aren’t sure how much money your medical expenses may be. Medicare expenses and supplemental out of pocket costs can vary, but there are ways to get an estimate for your retirement plan. In this article, we’ve detailed how you can create a budget for your future medical expenses and a few ways to cover those expenses when the time comes.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Estimating Expenses\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take your age into account.\", \"描述\": \"Recent reports show that a 65-year old couple should expect to spend at least $260,000 on medical expenses during their retirement. A 55-year old couple should expect to spend around $360,000 over their remaining years. The younger you plan to retire, the more expenses you will eventually accrue, even if you’re in relatively good health.\\nThe average life expectancy for a man is 76 years, while the average for a woman is 81 years. The amount of money you’ll need is based on the average life expectancy, so if you live to be older, you’ll probably need a bit more money.\\nThe older you retire, the less money you’ll have to set aside, simply because you won’t be living as many years in retirement.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider your current health.\", \"描述\": \"Health risks are divided into 3 categories: low risk, medium risk, and high risk. Experts note that people with high health risks will probably pay 50% to 150% more for medical expenses than people who have low health risks. The categories are defined as:\\nLow risk: people who do not smoke and have no chronic conditions.\\nMedium risk: people who may smoke or have one or two chronic conditions.\\nHigh risk: people who smoke, visit the doctor regularly, or have 2 or more chronic conditions.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Subtract costs covered by Medicare.\", \"描述\": \"If you are 65 or older and live in the United States, your health insurance will be covered by Medicare. Most Medicare plans cover most medical expenses, but they also come with yearly deductibles. While you won’t have to pay out of pocket for the bulk of your medical expenses, you may have to pay up to a $3,069.80 deductible per year for basic Medicare, especially if you have to stay in the hospital.\\nTherefore, if you live for another 10 years covered by Medicare, your expenses would reach $30,698 for one person.\\nThere are 4 parts to Medicare: Part A covers your inpatient/hospital stays, part B covers your outpatient/medical coverage, part C is an alternate plan for qualified individuals (also called Medicare private health plan), and part D covers your prescription drugs.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Account for things that Medicare might not cover.\", \"描述\": \"If you have Medicare, it won’t cover some prescription drugs, hearing aids, dental care, or eyeglasses. These out of pocket expenses can really add up, especially if you have any pre-existing conditions. Totals for these expenses vary greatly depending on your age and your health.\\nThe American Dental Association reports that 2 yearly cleanings and x-rays normally cost around $288 annually.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Plan for any long-term care you might need.\", \"描述\": \"Unfortunately, Medicare doesn’t cover long-term care, like home nurses or nursing home expenses. If you run into these expenses, you can apply for PACE (Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly) or SHIP (State Health Insurance Assistance Program). These federal and state-run programs will help pay for any long-term care you or your spouse might need.\\nThese services also cover care costs of cognitive impairment, like Alzheimer’s.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Expect a 2% inflation every year.\", \"描述\": \"Unfortunately, medical expenses aren’t exempt to inflation. Just like other prices will rise, so too will your doctor’s appointments, dental visits, and prescriptions. What you pay yearly now might not reflect what you pay in 10 years, so it’s always good to have a little wiggle room.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Aim for an out of pocket budget of $4,500 per year.\", \"描述\": \"This is what most experts recommend for someone of retirement age. It will help cover any deductibles you end up paying, as well as unexpected costs, like dental visits, eye glasses, and prescriptions that aren’t covered by your insurance. If you can set aside this much for every year you expect to be in retirement, you will probably be set.\\nExperts also recommend revisiting your retirement plan every 5 years, just to make sure it’s keeping up with inflation.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Preparing before Retirement\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Create an HSA before you retire.\", \"描述\": \"An HSA, or a health savings account, can help you cover some of your medical expenses after you retire. If you want to create an HSA, you can either ask your employer or create one through your bank. Then, you decide how much money you want to add each year (up to $3,600 for individuals and $7,200 for families). When you need to use the money, you won’t be taxed, as long as it’s used for medical or healthcare expenses.\\nOnce you enroll in Medicare, you won’t be able to make deposits into your HSA anymore.\\nIdeally, you would start an HSA now and then keep the money in the account until you retire. However, if you need the money before then, you can take some out to use for medical expenses without getting taxed.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider using a high deductible health plan.\", \"描述\": \"High deductible plans don't start paying until after you've spent at least $1,400 (for an individual) or $2,800 (for a family) out of pocket for medical expenses. The benefit to these plans is that the premium, or the amount you pay per month for them, is much lower than typical health coverage plans. Usually, you would have a high deductible plan in conjunction with an HSA to pay your out of pocket expenses until the health plan kicks in.\\nIf you want to look into a high deductible health plan, talk to your employer or shop for one online.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Ask your employer about retirement health coverage.\", \"描述\": \"Although it’s less common now, some businesses will keep providing health coverage even after you retire. If you like your health plan now and you want to stick with it, consider talking to your employer to see if that’s an option. If it is, you may be able to keep your healthcare coverage even though you’re no longer working.\\nIf your employer doesn’t offer it, check with your spouse’s employer, too.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try a Roth IRA for fewer taxes.\", \"描述\": \"Since you might have to pull money out of your retirement for medical expenses, it’s worth looking into a Roth IRA rather than a traditional IRA or a 401(k). In a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k), retirement withdrawals are free, which can really save you money if you have to pay any out of pocket expenses.\\nMany businesses offer both traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs. If you’d like to switch, talk to your employer.\\nIf your employer doesn’t offer it and you make less than $117,000 per year, you can contribute up to $5,500 to a Roth IRA annually. If you’re over 50, you can contribute up to $6,500.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,080 |
How to Buff Clear Coat
|
1. Steps
1-1. Wait a day or so to let the clear coat harden if the finishing is new.
At this point, if you see "orange peel" or "trash" on the surface, wet sand with 1000 or 1200 grit wet or dry automotive grade sandpaper. This will smooth out the surface and allow for a super shine finish.
1-2. Get a buffer.
A variable speed buffer with a lambs wool pad will be necessary to do a nice job. Single speed buffers are not recommend because of the increased chance of burning the finish down to the color coat.
1-3. Use a product such as 3M Micro-finish which can be purchased at automotive paint stores.
1-4. Apply to an area no more than two feet square at a time.
Keep the buffer moving and watch how the finish is changing to a high gloss.
1-5. Experiment with the speed to achieve the best results.
Don't overdo it.
1-6. Wipe off any residue on the surface after compounding the area.
1-7. Replace the lambs wool buffing pad with a polishing pad.
This may be terry cloth or foam.
1-8. Apply a high quality liquid or paste wax and again, in a small area buff until you are satisfied with the results.
You can run the buffer at a higher speed for this step. If there are swirl marks remaining on the finish you can also purchase a swirl mark remover. This will give you a professional high gloss finish.
Tips
Keep surface cool to avoid burnishing.
Before turning on the buffer wipe the compound slightly with the buffer pad to prevent the compound from "slinging" causing it to fly all over.
Cover windows with masking paper to ease clean up. Stay away from items with a black finish as the compounds will cause them to become discolored gray and impossible to remove, i.e mirror frames, body side moldings, bumpers, etc.
Warnings
Keep the power cord away from the spinning buffer as this could result in injury and damage to the cord. Take the power cord and try to keep it behind you making a loop and put it through a belt loop.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Wait a day or so to let the clear coat harden if the finishing is new.\\nAt this point, if you see \\\"orange peel\\\" or \\\"trash\\\" on the surface, wet sand with 1000 or 1200 grit wet or dry automotive grade sandpaper. This will smooth out the surface and allow for a super shine finish.\\n1-2. Get a buffer.\\nA variable speed buffer with a lambs wool pad will be necessary to do a nice job. Single speed buffers are not recommend because of the increased chance of burning the finish down to the color coat.\\n1-3. Use a product such as 3M Micro-finish which can be purchased at automotive paint stores.\\n\\n1-4. Apply to an area no more than two feet square at a time.\\nKeep the buffer moving and watch how the finish is changing to a high gloss.\\n1-5. Experiment with the speed to achieve the best results.\\nDon't overdo it.\\n1-6. Wipe off any residue on the surface after compounding the area.\\n\\n1-7. Replace the lambs wool buffing pad with a polishing pad.\\nThis may be terry cloth or foam.\\n1-8. Apply a high quality liquid or paste wax and again, in a small area buff until you are satisfied with the results.\\nYou can run the buffer at a higher speed for this step. If there are swirl marks remaining on the finish you can also purchase a swirl mark remover. This will give you a professional high gloss finish.\\nTips\\nKeep surface cool to avoid burnishing.\\nBefore turning on the buffer wipe the compound slightly with the buffer pad to prevent the compound from \\\"slinging\\\" causing it to fly all over.\\nCover windows with masking paper to ease clean up. Stay away from items with a black finish as the compounds will cause them to become discolored gray and impossible to remove, i.e mirror frames, body side moldings, bumpers, etc.\\nWarnings\\nKeep the power cord away from the spinning buffer as this could result in injury and damage to the cord. Take the power cord and try to keep it behind you making a loop and put it through a belt loop.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"You don't need to be a pro to perfectly buff the clear coat on your car. With the proper tools and material, some time, and some elbow grease, you can have that high-gloss finish you want.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wait a day or so to let the clear coat harden if the finishing is new.\", \"描述\": \"At this point, if you see \\\"orange peel\\\" or \\\"trash\\\" on the surface, wet sand with 1000 or 1200 grit wet or dry automotive grade sandpaper. This will smooth out the surface and allow for a super shine finish.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a buffer.\", \"描述\": \"A variable speed buffer with a lambs wool pad will be necessary to do a nice job. Single speed buffers are not recommend because of the increased chance of burning the finish down to the color coat.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use a product such as 3M Micro-finish which can be purchased at automotive paint stores.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply to an area no more than two feet square at a time.\", \"描述\": \"Keep the buffer moving and watch how the finish is changing to a high gloss.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Experiment with the speed to achieve the best results.\", \"描述\": \"Don't overdo it.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Wipe off any residue on the surface after compounding the area.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Replace the lambs wool buffing pad with a polishing pad.\", \"描述\": \"This may be terry cloth or foam.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Apply a high quality liquid or paste wax and again, in a small area buff until you are satisfied with the results.\", \"描述\": \"You can run the buffer at a higher speed for this step. If there are swirl marks remaining on the finish you can also purchase a swirl mark remover. This will give you a professional high gloss finish.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Keep surface cool to avoid burnishing.\\n\", \"Before turning on the buffer wipe the compound slightly with the buffer pad to prevent the compound from \\\"slinging\\\" causing it to fly all over.\\n\", \"Cover windows with masking paper to ease clean up. Stay away from items with a black finish as the compounds will cause them to become discolored gray and impossible to remove, i.e mirror frames, body side moldings, bumpers, etc.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Keep the power cord away from the spinning buffer as this could result in injury and damage to the cord. Take the power cord and try to keep it behind you making a loop and put it through a belt loop.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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7,081 |
How to Buff Floors
|
1. Securing the Area
1-1. Remove movable items from the floor being buffed.
Place these items in a separate room or hallway. Moving these items allows you to buff the area under and around them. Otherwise, it will be very difficult for you to get an even shine.
Keep in mind that a buffer is a bulky machine that can easily damage items that it bumps into, and it'll be harder for you to buff the area around the items in the room if you don’t remove them.
1-2. Block off the area to prevent people from slipping on the wet floor.
This will also help protect your freshly buffed floor from getting dirty while you’re still working. Tell other people living in your home or those who are in your place of business that the floor will be wet for the next several hours.
If you moved large items from the room, you can always use these as a blockade to help keep people out. Simply position them along the entrance to the room.
If you’re cleaning a commercial floor, put up “Caution” or “Wet Floor” signs for added safety.
1-3. Place your pets in a safe location if you’re buffing the floor of a home.
Pets can get in the way of the buffer and may dirty your floor. You don’t want to accidentally buff pet fur into your floor, as you won’t be able to remove it once it’s buffed into the finish. Put your pets in a separate room and shut the door.
Alternatively, you can place your pets in their kennel if they already use one.
Your pets will likely be afraid of the buffer, so keeping them out of the way will save them a lot of stress!
2. Cleaning the Floor
2-1. Use a broom or dust mop to remove any debris.
Start in the corner of the room and slowly sweep the entire room. Make sure you get the floor as clean as possible. Otherwise, you risk buffing dirt into the finish.
Over time, buffing a dirty floor can permanently alter the color of your floor finish, turning it a dingy yellow color.
You can also use a vacuum to suck up the dirt you swept. Use a vacuum attachment meant for your type of flooring.
2-2. Wash the floor with a wet mop to ensure it’s completely clean.
For best results, dip the mop into a bucket of soapy warm water. Then, start in the corner of the room and slowly work your way back toward the entrance. As you mop, make short, even strokes to clean the floor.
Rinse your mop when it starts to look dirty.
Use a floor cleaner that’s formulated for the type of flooring in your home.
2-3. Allow the floor to dry for 2 hours or use a fan to dry it faster.
Touch the floor to make sure it's dry before you move on to buffing. Don’t try to buff a wet floor because you will be applying a buffing solution, which is also a liquid. If the floor is already wet, there will be too much liquid, which will make you need to change your buffing pad more often.
Turning on a fan will help you dry the floor more quickly. A ceiling fan or box fan will work best.
3. Buffing Your Floor by Hand
3-1. Start in the far corner of the room.
Then, work your way backward toward the entrance to the room. Don't pass back over areas you've already buffed, as they need time to dry.
3-2. Work in 3 ft (0.91 m) by 3 ft (0.91 m) sections until you finish buffing.
Focusing on small sections will help you achieve better results. Plus, it will keep you from getting overwhelmed during the process.
If you don't like the results of your first few sections, you might decide to stop hand buffing the floor and switch to a machine. Some floors won't show much improvement from hand buffing.
Depending on the size of your room, it can take a while to finish buffing. It's a good idea to take regular breaks, if necessary.
3-3. Spray a buffing solution onto your floor for extra shine.
When you're buffing by hand, spray the solution onto just the area where you're working so the solution won't be dry by the time you get across the room. It's best to use a bottle with a spray nozzle to evenly distribute the solution.
If your solution doesn't have a spray nozzle, use a clean cloth to wipe it onto the floor.
Make sure you choose a buffing solution that's formulated for your type of flooring material.
If you prefer a natural option, create a white vinegar solution by adding 1 cup (240 mL) of white vinegar to 1 gallon (3.8 L) of water. Put the solution into a spray bottle, then spritz it onto your floor.
3-4. Use a microfiber cloth to buff the floor using tight, circular motions.
Move your cloth slowly from side to side as you work each section. When you complete each pass, start the next one with some overlap with the previous pass. As you buff, apply as much pressure to the cloth as you can.
The microfiber cloth shouldn't damage your floor, no matter what material it is.
Keep in mind that buffing a floor typically requires a lot of pressure, so you may not see much difference if you don't press down very hard.
4. Using a Spray Buffer
4-1. Spray the buffing solution onto your floor, if you’re using it.
For best results, use a professional sprayer or a product that comes with a spray nozzle. Start in the far corner of the room and work your way toward the other side. Aim the spray 2–4 ft (61–122 cm) in front of the buffer in an area that’s about 6–8 in (15–20 cm) wide.
Use a buffing solution formulated for the type of floor material you have, such as wood, tile, or vinyl.
If you don’t have a sprayer, you can use a mop to apply the solution. However, it won’t be as effective at distributing it. You can buy or rent a sprayer from most home improvement stores. Additionally, some buffing solutions come in a spray bottle.
4-2. Attach a red buffing pad if you're spray buffing your floor.
This pad is intended for use on a wet floor, so it will soak up some of the buffing solution. Follow the instructions for your buffer to attach it correctly.
Be sure to read all of the instructions that come with your buffer.
It’s best to have an extra pad handy if you’re going to be buffing a large surface area. Although you’ll be able to use both sides of the pad, it can get clogged up or dirty as you work.
If you’re spray buffing your floor, you’ll need both a red pad and a gray or beige pad, for best results. Your floor will look better if you do a dry buffing after your spray buffing.
4-3. Work in 3 ft (0.91 m) by 3 ft (0.91 m) sections.
Start in the far corner of the room and work your way back toward the entrance. As you buff the floor, mentally separate it into small sections to make it easier to buff the entire surface area of the floor.
Overlap your passes to ensure every bit of flooring gets buffed.
4-4. Rotate your machine back and forth as you move across each section.
Although the buffer is doing most of the work for you, rotating it will help you achieve a better result. Not only does it ensure the buffer covers all of the surface area, but it will also help you really work areas where there are scratches or scuffs.
Your motion should swing back and forth like a pendulum.
4-5. Move backward as you work so you don’t step on the buffed sections.
This helps you avoid stepping on the parts of the floor you’ve already buffed. You don’t want to step on the buffed areas because they will be very slippery. Also, you don’t want to mess up the finish.
Walk slowly so you don’t accidentally trip over your own feet.
4-6. Hold the buffer over scratches and scuffs for a few extra seconds.
As you work, look for visible scratches and buffs. It’s okay to give these areas special attention by holding the buffer over them for a few extra seconds. Additionally, you can make several passes over them.
If you still notice a scratch or scuff after you finish, you can try hand rubbing it with a soft cloth soaked in buffing solution.
4-7. Flip or change the buffing pad if it gets clogged or dirty.
Stop and check the buffing pad every few minutes to see if it looks dirty or clogged. Additionally, you’ll know the pad needs to be changed if the floor isn’t getting as shiny as it was previously.
Most buffing pads can be flipped once during cleaning. If your pad looks soaked through, just switch to a new one.
4-8. Follow spray buffing with a pass of dry buffing, for best results.
Switch out your red buffing pad for a gray or beige one. Then, start buffing your floor in the far corner. Slowly work your way toward the other side of the room.
Your buffing pad likely won’t need changing on this pass. However, continue to check on it regularly to make sure it’s not clogged or dirty.
It’s best to wait until your floor is dry before you start your dry buffing.
You may want to apply a finish to the floor to reduce slipperiness and increase the shine.
4-9. Use a clean dust mop to remove any dust created by the buffing process.
Once your floor is dry, return to the corner of the room and begin making short, even passes with your dust mop. Continue working your way over the entire surface of the floor until you reach the other side of the room. This helps get your floor as clean and shiny as possible.
Using a floor buffer can stir dust up into the air, which will then fall back down onto your freshly buffed floor. A clean dust mop can remove this debris.
Tips
Clean your buffing machine, broom, mop, and buffer pads before putting them away.
Dust tends to blow around when a floor is being buffed, so it's helpful to wear goggles or safety glasses.
If you notice the buffing product building up on the pads, use less product.
Warnings
Never leave a damp pad on the buffing machine after cleaning it because the moisture can damage the machine.
Buffing machines are heavy so that the weight will help with the effectiveness of the polishing. Make sure you're able to push the heavy machine without straining, as you could injure yourself.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:57",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Securing the Area\\n1-1. Remove movable items from the floor being buffed.\\nPlace these items in a separate room or hallway. Moving these items allows you to buff the area under and around them. Otherwise, it will be very difficult for you to get an even shine.\\nKeep in mind that a buffer is a bulky machine that can easily damage items that it bumps into, and it'll be harder for you to buff the area around the items in the room if you don’t remove them.\\n1-2. Block off the area to prevent people from slipping on the wet floor.\\nThis will also help protect your freshly buffed floor from getting dirty while you’re still working. Tell other people living in your home or those who are in your place of business that the floor will be wet for the next several hours.\\nIf you moved large items from the room, you can always use these as a blockade to help keep people out. Simply position them along the entrance to the room.\\nIf you’re cleaning a commercial floor, put up “Caution” or “Wet Floor” signs for added safety.\\n1-3. Place your pets in a safe location if you’re buffing the floor of a home.\\nPets can get in the way of the buffer and may dirty your floor. You don’t want to accidentally buff pet fur into your floor, as you won’t be able to remove it once it’s buffed into the finish. Put your pets in a separate room and shut the door.\\nAlternatively, you can place your pets in their kennel if they already use one.\\nYour pets will likely be afraid of the buffer, so keeping them out of the way will save them a lot of stress!\\n2. Cleaning the Floor\\n2-1. Use a broom or dust mop to remove any debris.\\nStart in the corner of the room and slowly sweep the entire room. Make sure you get the floor as clean as possible. Otherwise, you risk buffing dirt into the finish.\\nOver time, buffing a dirty floor can permanently alter the color of your floor finish, turning it a dingy yellow color.\\nYou can also use a vacuum to suck up the dirt you swept. Use a vacuum attachment meant for your type of flooring.\\n2-2. Wash the floor with a wet mop to ensure it’s completely clean.\\nFor best results, dip the mop into a bucket of soapy warm water. Then, start in the corner of the room and slowly work your way back toward the entrance. As you mop, make short, even strokes to clean the floor.\\nRinse your mop when it starts to look dirty.\\nUse a floor cleaner that’s formulated for the type of flooring in your home.\\n2-3. Allow the floor to dry for 2 hours or use a fan to dry it faster.\\nTouch the floor to make sure it's dry before you move on to buffing. Don’t try to buff a wet floor because you will be applying a buffing solution, which is also a liquid. If the floor is already wet, there will be too much liquid, which will make you need to change your buffing pad more often.\\nTurning on a fan will help you dry the floor more quickly. A ceiling fan or box fan will work best.\\n3. Buffing Your Floor by Hand\\n3-1. Start in the far corner of the room.\\nThen, work your way backward toward the entrance to the room. Don't pass back over areas you've already buffed, as they need time to dry.\\n3-2. Work in 3 ft (0.91 m) by 3 ft (0.91 m) sections until you finish buffing.\\nFocusing on small sections will help you achieve better results. Plus, it will keep you from getting overwhelmed during the process.\\nIf you don't like the results of your first few sections, you might decide to stop hand buffing the floor and switch to a machine. Some floors won't show much improvement from hand buffing.\\nDepending on the size of your room, it can take a while to finish buffing. It's a good idea to take regular breaks, if necessary.\\n3-3. Spray a buffing solution onto your floor for extra shine.\\nWhen you're buffing by hand, spray the solution onto just the area where you're working so the solution won't be dry by the time you get across the room. It's best to use a bottle with a spray nozzle to evenly distribute the solution.\\nIf your solution doesn't have a spray nozzle, use a clean cloth to wipe it onto the floor.\\nMake sure you choose a buffing solution that's formulated for your type of flooring material.\\nIf you prefer a natural option, create a white vinegar solution by adding 1 cup (240 mL) of white vinegar to 1 gallon (3.8 L) of water. Put the solution into a spray bottle, then spritz it onto your floor.\\n3-4. Use a microfiber cloth to buff the floor using tight, circular motions.\\nMove your cloth slowly from side to side as you work each section. When you complete each pass, start the next one with some overlap with the previous pass. As you buff, apply as much pressure to the cloth as you can.\\nThe microfiber cloth shouldn't damage your floor, no matter what material it is.\\nKeep in mind that buffing a floor typically requires a lot of pressure, so you may not see much difference if you don't press down very hard.\\n4. Using a Spray Buffer\\n4-1. Spray the buffing solution onto your floor, if you’re using it.\\nFor best results, use a professional sprayer or a product that comes with a spray nozzle. Start in the far corner of the room and work your way toward the other side. Aim the spray 2–4 ft (61–122 cm) in front of the buffer in an area that’s about 6–8 in (15–20 cm) wide.\\nUse a buffing solution formulated for the type of floor material you have, such as wood, tile, or vinyl.\\nIf you don’t have a sprayer, you can use a mop to apply the solution. However, it won’t be as effective at distributing it. You can buy or rent a sprayer from most home improvement stores. Additionally, some buffing solutions come in a spray bottle.\\n4-2. Attach a red buffing pad if you're spray buffing your floor.\\nThis pad is intended for use on a wet floor, so it will soak up some of the buffing solution. Follow the instructions for your buffer to attach it correctly.\\nBe sure to read all of the instructions that come with your buffer.\\nIt’s best to have an extra pad handy if you’re going to be buffing a large surface area. Although you’ll be able to use both sides of the pad, it can get clogged up or dirty as you work.\\nIf you’re spray buffing your floor, you’ll need both a red pad and a gray or beige pad, for best results. Your floor will look better if you do a dry buffing after your spray buffing.\\n4-3. Work in 3 ft (0.91 m) by 3 ft (0.91 m) sections.\\nStart in the far corner of the room and work your way back toward the entrance. As you buff the floor, mentally separate it into small sections to make it easier to buff the entire surface area of the floor.\\nOverlap your passes to ensure every bit of flooring gets buffed.\\n4-4. Rotate your machine back and forth as you move across each section.\\nAlthough the buffer is doing most of the work for you, rotating it will help you achieve a better result. Not only does it ensure the buffer covers all of the surface area, but it will also help you really work areas where there are scratches or scuffs.\\nYour motion should swing back and forth like a pendulum.\\n4-5. Move backward as you work so you don’t step on the buffed sections.\\nThis helps you avoid stepping on the parts of the floor you’ve already buffed. You don’t want to step on the buffed areas because they will be very slippery. Also, you don’t want to mess up the finish.\\nWalk slowly so you don’t accidentally trip over your own feet.\\n4-6. Hold the buffer over scratches and scuffs for a few extra seconds.\\nAs you work, look for visible scratches and buffs. It’s okay to give these areas special attention by holding the buffer over them for a few extra seconds. Additionally, you can make several passes over them.\\nIf you still notice a scratch or scuff after you finish, you can try hand rubbing it with a soft cloth soaked in buffing solution.\\n4-7. Flip or change the buffing pad if it gets clogged or dirty.\\nStop and check the buffing pad every few minutes to see if it looks dirty or clogged. Additionally, you’ll know the pad needs to be changed if the floor isn’t getting as shiny as it was previously.\\nMost buffing pads can be flipped once during cleaning. If your pad looks soaked through, just switch to a new one.\\n4-8. Follow spray buffing with a pass of dry buffing, for best results.\\nSwitch out your red buffing pad for a gray or beige one. Then, start buffing your floor in the far corner. Slowly work your way toward the other side of the room.\\nYour buffing pad likely won’t need changing on this pass. However, continue to check on it regularly to make sure it’s not clogged or dirty.\\nIt’s best to wait until your floor is dry before you start your dry buffing.\\nYou may want to apply a finish to the floor to reduce slipperiness and increase the shine.\\n4-9. Use a clean dust mop to remove any dust created by the buffing process.\\nOnce your floor is dry, return to the corner of the room and begin making short, even passes with your dust mop. Continue working your way over the entire surface of the floor until you reach the other side of the room. This helps get your floor as clean and shiny as possible.\\nUsing a floor buffer can stir dust up into the air, which will then fall back down onto your freshly buffed floor. A clean dust mop can remove this debris.\\nTips\\nClean your buffing machine, broom, mop, and buffer pads before putting them away.\\nDust tends to blow around when a floor is being buffed, so it's helpful to wear goggles or safety glasses.\\nIf you notice the buffing product building up on the pads, use less product.\\nWarnings\\nNever leave a damp pad on the buffing machine after cleaning it because the moisture can damage the machine.\\nBuffing machines are heavy so that the weight will help with the effectiveness of the polishing. Make sure you're able to push the heavy machine without straining, as you could injure yourself.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you have scratched or scuffed floors, buffing them can refresh their shine. You can improve the look of your floors by buffing them by hand, but it's best to buy or rent a floor buffer, which uses slow speeds and high pressure to remove and replace the top layer of finish on your flooring. You can buff any type of floor, whether it’s wood, vinyl, concrete, or tile. Before you buff your floor, make sure you secure the area and clean the floor to remove any grime. Then, use a microfiber cloth or a spray buffing machine to restore your floor's shine.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Securing the Area\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Remove movable items from the floor being buffed.\", \"描述\": \"Place these items in a separate room or hallway. Moving these items allows you to buff the area under and around them. Otherwise, it will be very difficult for you to get an even shine.\\nKeep in mind that a buffer is a bulky machine that can easily damage items that it bumps into, and it'll be harder for you to buff the area around the items in the room if you don’t remove them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Block off the area to prevent people from slipping on the wet floor.\", \"描述\": \"This will also help protect your freshly buffed floor from getting dirty while you’re still working. Tell other people living in your home or those who are in your place of business that the floor will be wet for the next several hours.\\nIf you moved large items from the room, you can always use these as a blockade to help keep people out. Simply position them along the entrance to the room.\\nIf you’re cleaning a commercial floor, put up “Caution” or “Wet Floor” signs for added safety.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Place your pets in a safe location if you’re buffing the floor of a home.\", \"描述\": \"Pets can get in the way of the buffer and may dirty your floor. You don’t want to accidentally buff pet fur into your floor, as you won’t be able to remove it once it’s buffed into the finish. Put your pets in a separate room and shut the door.\\nAlternatively, you can place your pets in their kennel if they already use one.\\nYour pets will likely be afraid of the buffer, so keeping them out of the way will save them a lot of stress!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cleaning the Floor\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a broom or dust mop to remove any debris.\", \"描述\": \"Start in the corner of the room and slowly sweep the entire room. Make sure you get the floor as clean as possible. Otherwise, you risk buffing dirt into the finish.\\nOver time, buffing a dirty floor can permanently alter the color of your floor finish, turning it a dingy yellow color.\\nYou can also use a vacuum to suck up the dirt you swept. Use a vacuum attachment meant for your type of flooring.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wash the floor with a wet mop to ensure it’s completely clean.\", \"描述\": \"For best results, dip the mop into a bucket of soapy warm water. Then, start in the corner of the room and slowly work your way back toward the entrance. As you mop, make short, even strokes to clean the floor.\\nRinse your mop when it starts to look dirty.\\nUse a floor cleaner that’s formulated for the type of flooring in your home.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Allow the floor to dry for 2 hours or use a fan to dry it faster.\", \"描述\": \"Touch the floor to make sure it's dry before you move on to buffing. Don’t try to buff a wet floor because you will be applying a buffing solution, which is also a liquid. If the floor is already wet, there will be too much liquid, which will make you need to change your buffing pad more often.\\nTurning on a fan will help you dry the floor more quickly. A ceiling fan or box fan will work best.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Buffing Your Floor by Hand\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Start in the far corner of the room.\", \"描述\": \"Then, work your way backward toward the entrance to the room. Don't pass back over areas you've already buffed, as they need time to dry.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work in 3 ft (0.91 m) by 3 ft (0.91 m) sections until you finish buffing.\", \"描述\": \"Focusing on small sections will help you achieve better results. Plus, it will keep you from getting overwhelmed during the process.\\nIf you don't like the results of your first few sections, you might decide to stop hand buffing the floor and switch to a machine. Some floors won't show much improvement from hand buffing.\\nDepending on the size of your room, it can take a while to finish buffing. It's a good idea to take regular breaks, if necessary.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Spray a buffing solution onto your floor for extra shine.\", \"描述\": \"When you're buffing by hand, spray the solution onto just the area where you're working so the solution won't be dry by the time you get across the room. It's best to use a bottle with a spray nozzle to evenly distribute the solution.\\nIf your solution doesn't have a spray nozzle, use a clean cloth to wipe it onto the floor.\\nMake sure you choose a buffing solution that's formulated for your type of flooring material.\\nIf you prefer a natural option, create a white vinegar solution by adding 1 cup (240 mL) of white vinegar to 1 gallon (3.8 L) of water. Put the solution into a spray bottle, then spritz it onto your floor.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use a microfiber cloth to buff the floor using tight, circular motions.\", \"描述\": \"Move your cloth slowly from side to side as you work each section. When you complete each pass, start the next one with some overlap with the previous pass. As you buff, apply as much pressure to the cloth as you can.\\nThe microfiber cloth shouldn't damage your floor, no matter what material it is.\\nKeep in mind that buffing a floor typically requires a lot of pressure, so you may not see much difference if you don't press down very hard.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Using a Spray Buffer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Spray the buffing solution onto your floor, if you’re using it.\", \"描述\": \"For best results, use a professional sprayer or a product that comes with a spray nozzle. Start in the far corner of the room and work your way toward the other side. Aim the spray 2–4 ft (61–122 cm) in front of the buffer in an area that’s about 6–8 in (15–20 cm) wide.\\nUse a buffing solution formulated for the type of floor material you have, such as wood, tile, or vinyl.\\nIf you don’t have a sprayer, you can use a mop to apply the solution. However, it won’t be as effective at distributing it. You can buy or rent a sprayer from most home improvement stores. Additionally, some buffing solutions come in a spray bottle.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attach a red buffing pad if you're spray buffing your floor.\", \"描述\": \"This pad is intended for use on a wet floor, so it will soak up some of the buffing solution. Follow the instructions for your buffer to attach it correctly.\\nBe sure to read all of the instructions that come with your buffer.\\nIt’s best to have an extra pad handy if you’re going to be buffing a large surface area. Although you’ll be able to use both sides of the pad, it can get clogged up or dirty as you work.\\nIf you’re spray buffing your floor, you’ll need both a red pad and a gray or beige pad, for best results. Your floor will look better if you do a dry buffing after your spray buffing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work in 3 ft (0.91 m) by 3 ft (0.91 m) sections.\", \"描述\": \"Start in the far corner of the room and work your way back toward the entrance. As you buff the floor, mentally separate it into small sections to make it easier to buff the entire surface area of the floor.\\nOverlap your passes to ensure every bit of flooring gets buffed.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Rotate your machine back and forth as you move across each section.\", \"描述\": \"Although the buffer is doing most of the work for you, rotating it will help you achieve a better result. Not only does it ensure the buffer covers all of the surface area, but it will also help you really work areas where there are scratches or scuffs.\\nYour motion should swing back and forth like a pendulum.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Move backward as you work so you don’t step on the buffed sections.\", \"描述\": \"This helps you avoid stepping on the parts of the floor you’ve already buffed. You don’t want to step on the buffed areas because they will be very slippery. Also, you don’t want to mess up the finish.\\nWalk slowly so you don’t accidentally trip over your own feet.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Hold the buffer over scratches and scuffs for a few extra seconds.\", \"描述\": \"As you work, look for visible scratches and buffs. It’s okay to give these areas special attention by holding the buffer over them for a few extra seconds. Additionally, you can make several passes over them.\\nIf you still notice a scratch or scuff after you finish, you can try hand rubbing it with a soft cloth soaked in buffing solution.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Flip or change the buffing pad if it gets clogged or dirty.\", \"描述\": \"Stop and check the buffing pad every few minutes to see if it looks dirty or clogged. Additionally, you’ll know the pad needs to be changed if the floor isn’t getting as shiny as it was previously.\\nMost buffing pads can be flipped once during cleaning. If your pad looks soaked through, just switch to a new one.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Follow spray buffing with a pass of dry buffing, for best results.\", \"描述\": \"Switch out your red buffing pad for a gray or beige one. Then, start buffing your floor in the far corner. Slowly work your way toward the other side of the room.\\nYour buffing pad likely won’t need changing on this pass. However, continue to check on it regularly to make sure it’s not clogged or dirty.\\nIt’s best to wait until your floor is dry before you start your dry buffing.\\nYou may want to apply a finish to the floor to reduce slipperiness and increase the shine.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Use a clean dust mop to remove any dust created by the buffing process.\", \"描述\": \"Once your floor is dry, return to the corner of the room and begin making short, even passes with your dust mop. Continue working your way over the entire surface of the floor until you reach the other side of the room. This helps get your floor as clean and shiny as possible.\\nUsing a floor buffer can stir dust up into the air, which will then fall back down onto your freshly buffed floor. A clean dust mop can remove this debris.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Clean your buffing machine, broom, mop, and buffer pads before putting them away.\\n\", \"Dust tends to blow around when a floor is being buffed, so it's helpful to wear goggles or safety glasses.\\n\", \"If you notice the buffing product building up on the pads, use less product.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Never leave a damp pad on the buffing machine after cleaning it because the moisture can damage the machine.\\n\", \"Buffing machines are heavy so that the weight will help with the effectiveness of the polishing. Make sure you're able to push the heavy machine without straining, as you could injure yourself.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,082 |
How to Buff Golf Clubs
|
1. Cleaning the Club
1-1. Mix warm water and 2 US tbsp (30 mL) of detergent in a bucket.
Fill a bucket with warm water and then measure in the dishwashing detergent. Use your hand to mix the water and detergent until the water begins to bubble.
If you don’t have a bucket, fill a deep sink or a bath with water and detergent instead.
This is a great way to deep clean your clubs, even if you aren’t planning on buffing them.
1-2. Soak the clubs in the detergent solution for 5 minutes.
Place the heads of the clubs into the water and then leave them to soak. This helps to dissolve any dust that is trapped inside grooves and also loosens any dirt or grass that is stuck on the clubs.
Place the bucket by a wall and lean the clubs up against it if you are worried about the clubs falling over.
1-3. Scrub any dirt off the clubs with a toothbrush.
Dunk the toothbrush into the soapy water from the bucket and then rub it over the entire club. Pay particular attention to areas that look dirty or have stuck on grime, such as the grooves of the head or the handle of the club. If the dirt isn’t coming off, try applying a little more pressure.
If you don’t have a spare, clean toothbrush, use a nail brush instead.
1-4. Dry the clubs with a soft cloth.
This helps to prevent the clubs from rusting and allows you to remove any loose dirt that is still on the clubs. Start at the top of the club and then work your way down to the bottom. This helps to prevent drips from rolling down the clubs.
Microfibre cloths work well for this job.
2. Polishing the Club
2-1. Squeeze a pea-sized drop of metal polish onto a polishing cloth.
Polishing your clubs can help to prevent them from rusting and can help to remove small scratches from the irons. Keep in mind, though, that metal polish is really strong, so you only need a small amount. You can purchase metal polish from a hardware store or online.
If you don’t have a polishing cloth, use a soft rag or a microfibre cloth instead.
If you don’t have metal polish, use car wheel polish as an alternative.
2-2. Smooth the polish over the metal sections of your club.
Use the cloth to smear a thin, even coat of polish over the club. Don’t worry about covering the handles of the clubs, as these areas don’t need to be buffed. If you run out of polish, simply squeeze a little more onto your cloth.
If you are sensitive to chemicals, wear gloves when buffing your golf clubs to stop your hands getting irritated from the polish.
2-3. Leave the polish on the golf club for 1 minute.
This gives time for the polish to sink into the metal and helps to make the clubs shiny. If the instructions on the polish container prescribe a longer sitting time, follow that instead.
If you are using a “no wait” polish, skip this step.
2-4. Wipe the polish off the club with a polishing cloth.
Use a clean cloth to rub the head of the club in a circular motion until all of the polish is absorbed into the cloth. This helps to buff the club and will leave your club looking shiny and new. To make your club look extra shiny, rub your club for an extra few minutes.
Place your clubs back in your golf bag so that they’re ready for your next game of golf!
Tips
Buff your clubs once a month to keep them in stellar condition.
Dry your golf clubs each time they get wet to keep them from getting rusty.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Cleaning the Club\\n1-1. Mix warm water and 2 US tbsp (30 mL) of detergent in a bucket.\\nFill a bucket with warm water and then measure in the dishwashing detergent. Use your hand to mix the water and detergent until the water begins to bubble.\\nIf you don’t have a bucket, fill a deep sink or a bath with water and detergent instead.\\nThis is a great way to deep clean your clubs, even if you aren’t planning on buffing them.\\n1-2. Soak the clubs in the detergent solution for 5 minutes.\\nPlace the heads of the clubs into the water and then leave them to soak. This helps to dissolve any dust that is trapped inside grooves and also loosens any dirt or grass that is stuck on the clubs.\\nPlace the bucket by a wall and lean the clubs up against it if you are worried about the clubs falling over.\\n1-3. Scrub any dirt off the clubs with a toothbrush.\\nDunk the toothbrush into the soapy water from the bucket and then rub it over the entire club. Pay particular attention to areas that look dirty or have stuck on grime, such as the grooves of the head or the handle of the club. If the dirt isn’t coming off, try applying a little more pressure.\\nIf you don’t have a spare, clean toothbrush, use a nail brush instead.\\n1-4. Dry the clubs with a soft cloth.\\nThis helps to prevent the clubs from rusting and allows you to remove any loose dirt that is still on the clubs. Start at the top of the club and then work your way down to the bottom. This helps to prevent drips from rolling down the clubs.\\nMicrofibre cloths work well for this job.\\n2. Polishing the Club\\n2-1. Squeeze a pea-sized drop of metal polish onto a polishing cloth.\\nPolishing your clubs can help to prevent them from rusting and can help to remove small scratches from the irons. Keep in mind, though, that metal polish is really strong, so you only need a small amount. You can purchase metal polish from a hardware store or online.\\nIf you don’t have a polishing cloth, use a soft rag or a microfibre cloth instead.\\nIf you don’t have metal polish, use car wheel polish as an alternative.\\n2-2. Smooth the polish over the metal sections of your club.\\nUse the cloth to smear a thin, even coat of polish over the club. Don’t worry about covering the handles of the clubs, as these areas don’t need to be buffed. If you run out of polish, simply squeeze a little more onto your cloth.\\nIf you are sensitive to chemicals, wear gloves when buffing your golf clubs to stop your hands getting irritated from the polish.\\n2-3. Leave the polish on the golf club for 1 minute.\\nThis gives time for the polish to sink into the metal and helps to make the clubs shiny. If the instructions on the polish container prescribe a longer sitting time, follow that instead.\\nIf you are using a “no wait” polish, skip this step.\\n2-4. Wipe the polish off the club with a polishing cloth.\\nUse a clean cloth to rub the head of the club in a circular motion until all of the polish is absorbed into the cloth. This helps to buff the club and will leave your club looking shiny and new. To make your club look extra shiny, rub your club for an extra few minutes.\\nPlace your clubs back in your golf bag so that they’re ready for your next game of golf!\\nTips\\nBuff your clubs once a month to keep them in stellar condition.\\nDry your golf clubs each time they get wet to keep them from getting rusty.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Buffing your golf clubs is a quick and easy way to restore their shine. Before you buff your clubs, it is best to clean them first, as this makes the buffing process more effective. Once they are clean, smear metal polish over the head of the club, allow it to sit for a minute, and then rub it off. This will leave your golf clubs looking fresh and shiny!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cleaning the Club\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Mix warm water and 2 US tbsp (30 mL) of detergent in a bucket.\", \"描述\": \"Fill a bucket with warm water and then measure in the dishwashing detergent. Use your hand to mix the water and detergent until the water begins to bubble.\\nIf you don’t have a bucket, fill a deep sink or a bath with water and detergent instead.\\nThis is a great way to deep clean your clubs, even if you aren’t planning on buffing them.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Soak the clubs in the detergent solution for 5 minutes.\", \"描述\": \"Place the heads of the clubs into the water and then leave them to soak. This helps to dissolve any dust that is trapped inside grooves and also loosens any dirt or grass that is stuck on the clubs.\\nPlace the bucket by a wall and lean the clubs up against it if you are worried about the clubs falling over.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Scrub any dirt off the clubs with a toothbrush.\", \"描述\": \"Dunk the toothbrush into the soapy water from the bucket and then rub it over the entire club. Pay particular attention to areas that look dirty or have stuck on grime, such as the grooves of the head or the handle of the club. If the dirt isn’t coming off, try applying a little more pressure.\\nIf you don’t have a spare, clean toothbrush, use a nail brush instead.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Dry the clubs with a soft cloth.\", \"描述\": \"This helps to prevent the clubs from rusting and allows you to remove any loose dirt that is still on the clubs. Start at the top of the club and then work your way down to the bottom. This helps to prevent drips from rolling down the clubs.\\nMicrofibre cloths work well for this job.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Polishing the Club\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Squeeze a pea-sized drop of metal polish onto a polishing cloth.\", \"描述\": \"Polishing your clubs can help to prevent them from rusting and can help to remove small scratches from the irons. Keep in mind, though, that metal polish is really strong, so you only need a small amount. You can purchase metal polish from a hardware store or online.\\nIf you don’t have a polishing cloth, use a soft rag or a microfibre cloth instead.\\nIf you don’t have metal polish, use car wheel polish as an alternative.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Smooth the polish over the metal sections of your club.\", \"描述\": \"Use the cloth to smear a thin, even coat of polish over the club. Don’t worry about covering the handles of the clubs, as these areas don’t need to be buffed. If you run out of polish, simply squeeze a little more onto your cloth.\\nIf you are sensitive to chemicals, wear gloves when buffing your golf clubs to stop your hands getting irritated from the polish.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Leave the polish on the golf club for 1 minute.\", \"描述\": \"This gives time for the polish to sink into the metal and helps to make the clubs shiny. If the instructions on the polish container prescribe a longer sitting time, follow that instead.\\nIf you are using a “no wait” polish, skip this step.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wipe the polish off the club with a polishing cloth.\", \"描述\": \"Use a clean cloth to rub the head of the club in a circular motion until all of the polish is absorbed into the cloth. This helps to buff the club and will leave your club looking shiny and new. To make your club look extra shiny, rub your club for an extra few minutes.\\nPlace your clubs back in your golf bag so that they’re ready for your next game of golf!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Buff your clubs once a month to keep them in stellar condition.\\n\", \"Dry your golf clubs each time they get wet to keep them from getting rusty.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,083 |
How to Buff Your Nails
|
1. Filing Your Nails
1-1. Remove old nail polish.
Clean, polish-free nails are essential before you begin filing. Dip a cotton swab in nail polish remover. Rub each nail until all of the polish is removed. You may need to go over each nail again with a clean cotton swab to remove traces of polish around your nail and on your skin.
Re-dip the cotton swab as needed.
1-2. Trim your nails.
If you are starting with nails that go past your fingertip, trim them first before you begin filing. This will make filing your nails much easier. Use a nail clipper to cut your nails straight across.
Don't worry about clipping sharp corners. You can use the nail file to smooth out sharp corners.
1-3. Place a nail file at the corner of your nail.
Gently slide the file from the corner of your nail to the middle of your nail in one direction. Lift the nail file, place it at the corner of your nail again, and repeat the motion. Do this to both sides of your nail until you reach your desired shape.
Try to avoid filing your nail in a rough back and forth motion.
After filing your nail, there may be rough pieces of nail still attached to the tip of your nail. If there are, place the nail file under the tip and use a flicking motion to remove the nail filings to create a smoother edge.
1-4. File an oval shape.
Hold the nail file at an angle at the corner of your nail. Slide the file from the corner of your nail to the middle and round it off. Repeat this on the other side of your nail until you achieve the oval shape. Repeat this process for each nail.
The oval nail shape looks great on people who have short fingers and/or wide nail beds.
1-5. Do a square shape.
Hold the nail file perpendicular to your nail. Gently slide the file straight across your nail. Lift the nail file and repeat the motion until the tip of your nail is a straight line. Smooth out the edges by lightly filing them. Repeat this process for each nail.
The square nail shape looks great on people who have long fingers with a wide nail bed.
1-6. File a round shape.
Place the nail file perpendicular to your nail. Then angle the nail file slightly. Following the curve of your finger, slide the nail file from one corner of your nail to the other in a single direction. Lift the nail file and slide the nail file back to the starting point. Do this until you have achieved your desired shape. Repeat this process for each nail.
Because the round nail shape is low maintenance, it works great for people who work with their hands a lot and need to keep their nails short.
It also looks great on people who have long fingers or people who have large hands.
2. Buffing, Polishing, and Shining Your Nails
2-1. Use the large grit side of the buffer to buff your nails.
Hold the buffer parallel to your nail. Place the large grit side of the buffer on your nail. Using unidirectional strokes, buff your nail in an X shape. Make sure to buff your nails gently. Buffing will help smooth out any ridges or rough patches on your nails.
Since over-buffing can damage your nails, use only six to eight strokes to buff them.
Repeat this process for each nail.
2-2. Use the finer grit side of the buffer to polish your nails.
Hold the buffer parallel to your nail. Place the finer grit side on your nail. Similar to buffing your nails, use unidirectional strokes to polish your nail. Polish your nail in an X shape to smooth it. Polishing helps to brighten your nails after buffing them.
Try not to over polish your nail; four to six strokes should do the job.
Repeat this process for each nail.
2-3. Use the smooth side of the buffer to shine your nails.
Place the smooth side of the buffer on your nail. Using light pressure, move the nail buffer in tiny circular motions. Move it in tiny circular motions over the entire surface of your nail until you achieve a glossy look, about four to five buffs. Shining your nails will add a final shine to them without having to use nail polish.
Repeat this process for each nail.
2-4. Apply cuticle oil.
To give your nails added shine, as well as moisture, apply cuticle oil after you finish buffing them. Apply the oil on the skin that borders each nail. After you have applied oil to each nail, use your fingers to massage the oil into your cuticles.
2-5. Add fresh nail polish to give your nails a pop of color.
If you just applied cuticle oil, first remove any excess oil from your nail. Dip a cotton swab in alcohol. Rub your nails to remove the excess oil. Apply a clear coat to each nail and let it dry completely. Then apply two coats of your favorite nail polish.
Removing excess cuticle oil from your nail will help the nail polish adhere to it.
Make sure the first coat dries completely before painting on the second coat.
Tips
Use a multi-sided buffer square with labeled sides, indicating which order to use the sides. You can purchase these from your local pharmacy or beauty supply store.
Some buffers come with a nail filing side. If yours does not, then use a regular nail file to file your nails.
Warnings
Because over-buffing can damage your nails, only buff them once or twice a week.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Filing Your Nails\\n1-1. Remove old nail polish.\\nClean, polish-free nails are essential before you begin filing. Dip a cotton swab in nail polish remover. Rub each nail until all of the polish is removed. You may need to go over each nail again with a clean cotton swab to remove traces of polish around your nail and on your skin.\\nRe-dip the cotton swab as needed.\\n1-2. Trim your nails.\\nIf you are starting with nails that go past your fingertip, trim them first before you begin filing. This will make filing your nails much easier. Use a nail clipper to cut your nails straight across.\\nDon't worry about clipping sharp corners. You can use the nail file to smooth out sharp corners.\\n1-3. Place a nail file at the corner of your nail.\\nGently slide the file from the corner of your nail to the middle of your nail in one direction. Lift the nail file, place it at the corner of your nail again, and repeat the motion. Do this to both sides of your nail until you reach your desired shape.\\nTry to avoid filing your nail in a rough back and forth motion.\\nAfter filing your nail, there may be rough pieces of nail still attached to the tip of your nail. If there are, place the nail file under the tip and use a flicking motion to remove the nail filings to create a smoother edge.\\n1-4. File an oval shape.\\nHold the nail file at an angle at the corner of your nail. Slide the file from the corner of your nail to the middle and round it off. Repeat this on the other side of your nail until you achieve the oval shape. Repeat this process for each nail.\\nThe oval nail shape looks great on people who have short fingers and/or wide nail beds.\\n1-5. Do a square shape.\\nHold the nail file perpendicular to your nail. Gently slide the file straight across your nail. Lift the nail file and repeat the motion until the tip of your nail is a straight line. Smooth out the edges by lightly filing them. Repeat this process for each nail.\\nThe square nail shape looks great on people who have long fingers with a wide nail bed.\\n1-6. File a round shape.\\nPlace the nail file perpendicular to your nail. Then angle the nail file slightly. Following the curve of your finger, slide the nail file from one corner of your nail to the other in a single direction. Lift the nail file and slide the nail file back to the starting point. Do this until you have achieved your desired shape. Repeat this process for each nail.\\nBecause the round nail shape is low maintenance, it works great for people who work with their hands a lot and need to keep their nails short.\\nIt also looks great on people who have long fingers or people who have large hands.\\n2. Buffing, Polishing, and Shining Your Nails\\n2-1. Use the large grit side of the buffer to buff your nails.\\nHold the buffer parallel to your nail. Place the large grit side of the buffer on your nail. Using unidirectional strokes, buff your nail in an X shape. Make sure to buff your nails gently. Buffing will help smooth out any ridges or rough patches on your nails.\\nSince over-buffing can damage your nails, use only six to eight strokes to buff them.\\nRepeat this process for each nail.\\n2-2. Use the finer grit side of the buffer to polish your nails.\\nHold the buffer parallel to your nail. Place the finer grit side on your nail. Similar to buffing your nails, use unidirectional strokes to polish your nail. Polish your nail in an X shape to smooth it. Polishing helps to brighten your nails after buffing them.\\nTry not to over polish your nail; four to six strokes should do the job.\\nRepeat this process for each nail.\\n2-3. Use the smooth side of the buffer to shine your nails.\\nPlace the smooth side of the buffer on your nail. Using light pressure, move the nail buffer in tiny circular motions. Move it in tiny circular motions over the entire surface of your nail until you achieve a glossy look, about four to five buffs. Shining your nails will add a final shine to them without having to use nail polish.\\nRepeat this process for each nail.\\n2-4. Apply cuticle oil.\\nTo give your nails added shine, as well as moisture, apply cuticle oil after you finish buffing them. Apply the oil on the skin that borders each nail. After you have applied oil to each nail, use your fingers to massage the oil into your cuticles.\\n2-5. Add fresh nail polish to give your nails a pop of color.\\nIf you just applied cuticle oil, first remove any excess oil from your nail. Dip a cotton swab in alcohol. Rub your nails to remove the excess oil. Apply a clear coat to each nail and let it dry completely. Then apply two coats of your favorite nail polish.\\nRemoving excess cuticle oil from your nail will help the nail polish adhere to it.\\nMake sure the first coat dries completely before painting on the second coat.\\nTips\\nUse a multi-sided buffer square with labeled sides, indicating which order to use the sides. You can purchase these from your local pharmacy or beauty supply store.\\nSome buffers come with a nail filing side. If yours does not, then use a regular nail file to file your nails.\\nWarnings\\nBecause over-buffing can damage your nails, only buff them once or twice a week.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Buffing removes the shine from your nails, giving the polish more grip on your nails. Buffing doesn’t make your nails stronger, but it does make your manicure last longer. To buff properly, start by filing your nails to your desired shape. Once your nails are filed, use a multi-sided buffer to buff, polish, and shine your nails. Then, you can paint them or leave them natural!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Filing Your Nails\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Remove old nail polish.\", \"描述\": \"Clean, polish-free nails are essential before you begin filing. Dip a cotton swab in nail polish remover. Rub each nail until all of the polish is removed. You may need to go over each nail again with a clean cotton swab to remove traces of polish around your nail and on your skin.\\nRe-dip the cotton swab as needed.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Trim your nails.\", \"描述\": \"If you are starting with nails that go past your fingertip, trim them first before you begin filing. This will make filing your nails much easier. Use a nail clipper to cut your nails straight across.\\nDon't worry about clipping sharp corners. You can use the nail file to smooth out sharp corners.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Place a nail file at the corner of your nail.\", \"描述\": \"Gently slide the file from the corner of your nail to the middle of your nail in one direction. Lift the nail file, place it at the corner of your nail again, and repeat the motion. Do this to both sides of your nail until you reach your desired shape.\\nTry to avoid filing your nail in a rough back and forth motion.\\nAfter filing your nail, there may be rough pieces of nail still attached to the tip of your nail. If there are, place the nail file under the tip and use a flicking motion to remove the nail filings to create a smoother edge.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"File an oval shape.\", \"描述\": \"Hold the nail file at an angle at the corner of your nail. Slide the file from the corner of your nail to the middle and round it off. Repeat this on the other side of your nail until you achieve the oval shape. Repeat this process for each nail.\\nThe oval nail shape looks great on people who have short fingers and/or wide nail beds.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do a square shape.\", \"描述\": \"Hold the nail file perpendicular to your nail. Gently slide the file straight across your nail. Lift the nail file and repeat the motion until the tip of your nail is a straight line. Smooth out the edges by lightly filing them. Repeat this process for each nail.\\nThe square nail shape looks great on people who have long fingers with a wide nail bed.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"File a round shape.\", \"描述\": \"Place the nail file perpendicular to your nail. Then angle the nail file slightly. Following the curve of your finger, slide the nail file from one corner of your nail to the other in a single direction. Lift the nail file and slide the nail file back to the starting point. Do this until you have achieved your desired shape. Repeat this process for each nail.\\nBecause the round nail shape is low maintenance, it works great for people who work with their hands a lot and need to keep their nails short.\\nIt also looks great on people who have long fingers or people who have large hands.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Buffing, Polishing, and Shining Your Nails\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use the large grit side of the buffer to buff your nails.\", \"描述\": \"Hold the buffer parallel to your nail. Place the large grit side of the buffer on your nail. Using unidirectional strokes, buff your nail in an X shape. Make sure to buff your nails gently. Buffing will help smooth out any ridges or rough patches on your nails.\\nSince over-buffing can damage your nails, use only six to eight strokes to buff them.\\nRepeat this process for each nail.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use the finer grit side of the buffer to polish your nails.\", \"描述\": \"Hold the buffer parallel to your nail. Place the finer grit side on your nail. Similar to buffing your nails, use unidirectional strokes to polish your nail. Polish your nail in an X shape to smooth it. Polishing helps to brighten your nails after buffing them.\\nTry not to over polish your nail; four to six strokes should do the job.\\nRepeat this process for each nail.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use the smooth side of the buffer to shine your nails.\", \"描述\": \"Place the smooth side of the buffer on your nail. Using light pressure, move the nail buffer in tiny circular motions. Move it in tiny circular motions over the entire surface of your nail until you achieve a glossy look, about four to five buffs. Shining your nails will add a final shine to them without having to use nail polish.\\nRepeat this process for each nail.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Apply cuticle oil.\", \"描述\": \"To give your nails added shine, as well as moisture, apply cuticle oil after you finish buffing them. Apply the oil on the skin that borders each nail. After you have applied oil to each nail, use your fingers to massage the oil into your cuticles.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Add fresh nail polish to give your nails a pop of color.\", \"描述\": \"If you just applied cuticle oil, first remove any excess oil from your nail. Dip a cotton swab in alcohol. Rub your nails to remove the excess oil. Apply a clear coat to each nail and let it dry completely. Then apply two coats of your favorite nail polish.\\nRemoving excess cuticle oil from your nail will help the nail polish adhere to it.\\nMake sure the first coat dries completely before painting on the second coat.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Use a multi-sided buffer square with labeled sides, indicating which order to use the sides. You can purchase these from your local pharmacy or beauty supply store.\\n\", \"Some buffers come with a nail filing side. If yours does not, then use a regular nail file to file your nails.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Because over-buffing can damage your nails, only buff them once or twice a week.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,084 |
How to Buff a Car
|
1. Wash the Car Thoroughly
1-1. Park the car in a shady spot.
Make sure the surface of the car is cool. This will help prevent soap stains from appearing on the car's surface.
1-2. Place the soap in a gallon-sized bucket.
Add water until the bucket is filled and the water is sudsy. Use only car wash-specific soaps. Read the soap packaging for the amount of soap to dispense.
1-3. Take a large sponge and submerge it into the soapy water.
Remove the sponge, squeeze out about half of the water, place the sponge on the car and begin washing.
1-4. Move the sponge in circular motions across the body of the car, paying special attention to crevices and cracks that may have dirt trapped.
Start at the top of the car and work downward. Once the car has been completely cleaned, hose off all of the soap.
2. Choose a Buffer
2-1. Use a high speed buffer to achieve the finest results.
High speed buffers will eliminate surface scratches and blemishes completely, leaving behind a brilliant shine. However, training is recommended to master a high speed buffer. Improper use of a high speed buffer can strip the paint and damage the finish permanently by leaving swirls and scratches.https://www.wikihow.com/Buff-a-Car
2-2. Select a random orbital buffer for great results and a nice sheen with minor effort.
No training is required and the random orbital buffer is easy to use. Not all damage will be eliminated but the end result will be a great shine. Random orbital buffers also use significantly less compound than a high speed buffer, therefore a more cost-effective solution.https://www.wikihow.com/Buff-a-Car The results will not last as long as with a high speed buffer.
2-3. Choose manual buffing if cost is an issue.
However, manual buffing is the most labor intensive option that will give the least effective results. Manual buffing takes much longer than high speed and random orbital buffing and the finish will not last as long with manual buffing. Manual buffing requires the least amount of equipment, but requires the most of amount of product and time. The results are usually an uneven finish that will not last as long as alternative buffing means.
2-4. Purchase a polishing or compound product that will achieve the desired results with your car.
Compound is needed if there are deep scratches in the finish. Polisher is used if the body paint is in great shape already and just needs an increased shine. Product needs will also vary based on the car model, the car year, and the overall condition of the car. Both products can be used with the buffer. Get product recommendations from friends or reputable car aficionados.
3. Buffing
3-1. Dry the car with a chamois or clean, soft towel.
Work around the entire car to ensure the car is completely dry.
3-2. Apply a generous amount of polisher or compound directly to the body of the car.
Begin with the hood to examine results easily.
3-3. Place the buffer on the polishing product and move the buffer around to spread the product evenly.
Use small, circular motions to effectively buff each portion of the car.
If using a powered buffer, turn the buffer on and move the buffer in firm, circular motions to work the entire product into the finish and reveal the shine.
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If manual buffing, apply extreme pressure while employing circular motions to work in the product.
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3-4. Continue buffing the product into the car's surface until it develops a sheen.
3-5. Repeat the process over the entire surface of the car until the desired result is achieved.
Tips
In order to keep compound and polisher out of the cracks and crevices in doors and in the car hood, apply masking tape over the joints
Buffing can take up to 3 hours, so schedule your time accordingly.
Be sure to go over the surface you intend to buff with specified car clay before buffing to remove contaminants and particles that are clinging to the paint's surface.
Warnings
Do not use household detergent to wash a car. The ingredients are too abrasive and will strip the finish of the car.
Before using the buffer, check the buffer and the car's surface for bits of sand or dirt. Any trace of grit can permanently scratch the car's finish if buffed into the car.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Wash the Car Thoroughly\\n1-1. Park the car in a shady spot.\\nMake sure the surface of the car is cool. This will help prevent soap stains from appearing on the car's surface.\\n1-2. Place the soap in a gallon-sized bucket.\\nAdd water until the bucket is filled and the water is sudsy. Use only car wash-specific soaps. Read the soap packaging for the amount of soap to dispense.\\n1-3. Take a large sponge and submerge it into the soapy water.\\nRemove the sponge, squeeze out about half of the water, place the sponge on the car and begin washing.\\n1-4. Move the sponge in circular motions across the body of the car, paying special attention to crevices and cracks that may have dirt trapped.\\nStart at the top of the car and work downward. Once the car has been completely cleaned, hose off all of the soap.\\n2. Choose a Buffer\\n2-1. Use a high speed buffer to achieve the finest results.\\nHigh speed buffers will eliminate surface scratches and blemishes completely, leaving behind a brilliant shine. However, training is recommended to master a high speed buffer. Improper use of a high speed buffer can strip the paint and damage the finish permanently by leaving swirls and scratches.https://www.wikihow.com/Buff-a-Car\\n2-2. Select a random orbital buffer for great results and a nice sheen with minor effort.\\nNo training is required and the random orbital buffer is easy to use. Not all damage will be eliminated but the end result will be a great shine. Random orbital buffers also use significantly less compound than a high speed buffer, therefore a more cost-effective solution.https://www.wikihow.com/Buff-a-Car The results will not last as long as with a high speed buffer.\\n2-3. Choose manual buffing if cost is an issue.\\nHowever, manual buffing is the most labor intensive option that will give the least effective results. Manual buffing takes much longer than high speed and random orbital buffing and the finish will not last as long with manual buffing. Manual buffing requires the least amount of equipment, but requires the most of amount of product and time. The results are usually an uneven finish that will not last as long as alternative buffing means.\\n2-4. Purchase a polishing or compound product that will achieve the desired results with your car.\\nCompound is needed if there are deep scratches in the finish. Polisher is used if the body paint is in great shape already and just needs an increased shine. Product needs will also vary based on the car model, the car year, and the overall condition of the car. Both products can be used with the buffer. Get product recommendations from friends or reputable car aficionados.\\n3. Buffing\\n3-1. Dry the car with a chamois or clean, soft towel.\\nWork around the entire car to ensure the car is completely dry.\\n3-2. Apply a generous amount of polisher or compound directly to the body of the car.\\nBegin with the hood to examine results easily.\\n3-3. Place the buffer on the polishing product and move the buffer around to spread the product evenly.\\nUse small, circular motions to effectively buff each portion of the car.\\nIf using a powered buffer, turn the buffer on and move the buffer in firm, circular motions to work the entire product into the finish and reveal the shine.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/8\\\\/8e\\\\/Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/8\\\\/8e\\\\/Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1709020-v4-728px-Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":307,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":486,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/2.5\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nIf manual buffing, apply extreme pressure while employing circular motions to work in the product.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/48\\\\/Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/48\\\\/Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet2.jpg\\\\/aid1709020-v4-728px-Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":307,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":486,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/2.5\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\n3-4. Continue buffing the product into the car's surface until it develops a sheen.\\n\\n3-5. Repeat the process over the entire surface of the car until the desired result is achieved.\\n\\nTips\\nIn order to keep compound and polisher out of the cracks and crevices in doors and in the car hood, apply masking tape over the joints\\nBuffing can take up to 3 hours, so schedule your time accordingly.\\nBe sure to go over the surface you intend to buff with specified car clay before buffing to remove contaminants and particles that are clinging to the paint's surface.\\nWarnings\\nDo not use household detergent to wash a car. The ingredients are too abrasive and will strip the finish of the car.\\nBefore using the buffer, check the buffer and the car's surface for bits of sand or dirt. Any trace of grit can permanently scratch the car's finish if buffed into the car.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Buffing a car is a process that literally removes a small layer of paint from a car's finish, exposing a fresher layer of paint underneath. This process restores the car's original luster and will improve the car's overall appearance. If little nicks and scratches are ignored, rust can form and this will lessen the vehicle's beauty and reduce the car's value. By buffing a car every 2 to 3 months, the car will be more aesthetically pleasing, and will maintain its finish longer.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wash the Car Thoroughly\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Park the car in a shady spot.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure the surface of the car is cool. This will help prevent soap stains from appearing on the car's surface.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Place the soap in a gallon-sized bucket.\", \"描述\": \"Add water until the bucket is filled and the water is sudsy. Use only car wash-specific soaps. Read the soap packaging for the amount of soap to dispense.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take a large sponge and submerge it into the soapy water.\", \"描述\": \"Remove the sponge, squeeze out about half of the water, place the sponge on the car and begin washing.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Move the sponge in circular motions across the body of the car, paying special attention to crevices and cracks that may have dirt trapped.\", \"描述\": \"Start at the top of the car and work downward. Once the car has been completely cleaned, hose off all of the soap.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose a Buffer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a high speed buffer to achieve the finest results.\", \"描述\": \"High speed buffers will eliminate surface scratches and blemishes completely, leaving behind a brilliant shine. However, training is recommended to master a high speed buffer. Improper use of a high speed buffer can strip the paint and damage the finish permanently by leaving swirls and scratches.https://www.wikihow.com/Buff-a-Car\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Select a random orbital buffer for great results and a nice sheen with minor effort.\", \"描述\": \"No training is required and the random orbital buffer is easy to use. Not all damage will be eliminated but the end result will be a great shine. Random orbital buffers also use significantly less compound than a high speed buffer, therefore a more cost-effective solution.https://www.wikihow.com/Buff-a-Car The results will not last as long as with a high speed buffer.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose manual buffing if cost is an issue.\", \"描述\": \"However, manual buffing is the most labor intensive option that will give the least effective results. Manual buffing takes much longer than high speed and random orbital buffing and the finish will not last as long with manual buffing. Manual buffing requires the least amount of equipment, but requires the most of amount of product and time. The results are usually an uneven finish that will not last as long as alternative buffing means.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Purchase a polishing or compound product that will achieve the desired results with your car.\", \"描述\": \"Compound is needed if there are deep scratches in the finish. Polisher is used if the body paint is in great shape already and just needs an increased shine. Product needs will also vary based on the car model, the car year, and the overall condition of the car. Both products can be used with the buffer. Get product recommendations from friends or reputable car aficionados.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Buffing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Dry the car with a chamois or clean, soft towel.\", \"描述\": \"Work around the entire car to ensure the car is completely dry.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply a generous amount of polisher or compound directly to the body of the car.\", \"描述\": \"Begin with the hood to examine results easily.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Place the buffer on the polishing product and move the buffer around to spread the product evenly.\", \"描述\": \"Use small, circular motions to effectively buff each portion of the car.\\nIf using a powered buffer, turn the buffer on and move the buffer in firm, circular motions to work the entire product into the finish and reveal the shine.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/8\\\\/8e\\\\/Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet1.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/8\\\\/8e\\\\/Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet1.jpg\\\\/aid1709020-v4-728px-Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet1.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":307,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":486,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/2.5\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\\nIf manual buffing, apply extreme pressure while employing circular motions to work in the product.\\n\\n{\\\"smallUrl\\\":\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/www.wikihow.com\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/48\\\\/Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet2.jpg\\\\/v4-460px-Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"bigUrl\\\":\\\"\\\\/images\\\\/thumb\\\\/4\\\\/48\\\\/Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet2.jpg\\\\/aid1709020-v4-728px-Buff-a-Car-Step-11Bullet2.jpg\\\",\\\"smallWidth\\\":460,\\\"smallHeight\\\":307,\\\"bigWidth\\\":728,\\\"bigHeight\\\":486,\\\"licensing\\\":\\\"<div class=\\\\\\\"mw-parser-output\\\\\\\"><p>License: <a target=\\\\\\\"_blank\\\\\\\" rel=\\\\\\\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\\\\\\\" class=\\\\\\\"external text\\\\\\\" href=\\\\\\\"https:\\\\/\\\\/creativecommons.org\\\\/licenses\\\\/by-nc-sa\\\\/2.5\\\\/\\\\\\\">Creative Commons<\\\\/a><br>\\\\n<\\\\/p><p><br \\\\/>\\\\n<\\\\/p><\\\\/div>\\\"}\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Continue buffing the product into the car's surface until it develops a sheen.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Repeat the process over the entire surface of the car until the desired result is achieved.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"In order to keep compound and polisher out of the cracks and crevices in doors and in the car hood, apply masking tape over the joints\\n\", \"Buffing can take up to 3 hours, so schedule your time accordingly.\\n\", \"Be sure to go over the surface you intend to buff with specified car clay before buffing to remove contaminants and particles that are clinging to the paint's surface.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Do not use household detergent to wash a car. The ingredients are too abrasive and will strip the finish of the car.\\n\", \"Before using the buffer, check the buffer and the car's surface for bits of sand or dirt. Any trace of grit can permanently scratch the car's finish if buffed into the car.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,085 |
How to Bug a Room With Bluetooth
|
1. Steps
1-1. Seriously reconsider.
Eavesdropping is rude! But if you just have to do it, continue.
1-2. Turn on your Bluetooth headset.
Make sure it is paired with your phone, and that the battery is reasonably fresh.
1-3. Hide the Bluetooth headset somewhere in the room where it will be able to pick up sounds clearly, but make sure that it is well hidden.
1-4. Leave the room, but don't go too far; your Bluetooth connection should work through walls, but if you get too far away, it won't work very well.
The range is about 30 feet, or 10 metres.
1-5. Wait for the conversation of interest to start.
When it does, turn on the voice recorder on your phone. It should record through the microphone of the Bluetooth headset.
1-6. At the end of the conversation, stop recording.
If the phone stops recording automatically after a while, you may need to start it again. Retrieve the headset and play back at your leisure.
1-7. Optionally, use a microphone and Audacity, a free, open-source audio recording application, to dub the conversation to your PC.
From there it can be emailed, or burned onto a CD.
Tips
The range of a bluetooth device is about 30 feet, or 10 metres. To test it, place your phone somewhere you can see from a distance, make a call, and see how well you can converse with the other person for 10-30 seconds at 6 feet or 2 metre increments. If possible, place the phone where you'll be placing the headset and see just how far away you can get while the voice is still clear.
When placing the headset, consider where people will probably be standing in the room. If there is a television or a radio, consider that these may drown out the conversation (and might actually be used with that in mind, so you, outside, cannot hear what is going on). If the headset is closer to the people talking than the television or radio, chances are you will hear more.
Warnings
People may be offended if they find your equipment... or you.
It is illegal in the United States to make a recording of somebody without their permission, and depending upon what you do with the recording, you could find yourself in trouble.
Evidence of a crime obtained this way is inadmissible in court for the above reason. It's only legitimate if the subject knows they are being recorded.
This could be an excellent way to give away a $30 piece of equipment to someone you don't trust.
Never, ever, use this method to record intimate relations. The legal consequences of that are much more severe, not to mention the personal consequences.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Seriously reconsider.\\nEavesdropping is rude! But if you just have to do it, continue.\\n1-2. Turn on your Bluetooth headset.\\nMake sure it is paired with your phone, and that the battery is reasonably fresh.\\n1-3. Hide the Bluetooth headset somewhere in the room where it will be able to pick up sounds clearly, but make sure that it is well hidden.\\n\\n1-4. Leave the room, but don't go too far; your Bluetooth connection should work through walls, but if you get too far away, it won't work very well.\\nThe range is about 30 feet, or 10 metres.\\n1-5. Wait for the conversation of interest to start.\\nWhen it does, turn on the voice recorder on your phone. It should record through the microphone of the Bluetooth headset.\\n1-6. At the end of the conversation, stop recording.\\nIf the phone stops recording automatically after a while, you may need to start it again. Retrieve the headset and play back at your leisure.\\n1-7. Optionally, use a microphone and Audacity, a free, open-source audio recording application, to dub the conversation to your PC.\\nFrom there it can be emailed, or burned onto a CD.\\nTips\\nThe range of a bluetooth device is about 30 feet, or 10 metres. To test it, place your phone somewhere you can see from a distance, make a call, and see how well you can converse with the other person for 10-30 seconds at 6 feet or 2 metre increments. If possible, place the phone where you'll be placing the headset and see just how far away you can get while the voice is still clear.\\nWhen placing the headset, consider where people will probably be standing in the room. If there is a television or a radio, consider that these may drown out the conversation (and might actually be used with that in mind, so you, outside, cannot hear what is going on). If the headset is closer to the people talking than the television or radio, chances are you will hear more.\\nWarnings\\nPeople may be offended if they find your equipment... or you.\\nIt is illegal in the United States to make a recording of somebody without their permission, and depending upon what you do with the recording, you could find yourself in trouble.\\nEvidence of a crime obtained this way is inadmissible in court for the above reason. It's only legitimate if the subject knows they are being recorded.\\nThis could be an excellent way to give away a $30 piece of equipment to someone you don't trust.\\nNever, ever, use this method to record intimate relations. The legal consequences of that are much more severe, not to mention the personal consequences.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"So you want to be a spy? Well, one of the tools a spy occasionally employs is called a bug. It can be as simple as a microphone hidden somewhere in a room where your enemies are consulting. These are instructions on how to make a relatively simple wireless bug.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Seriously reconsider.\", \"描述\": \"Eavesdropping is rude! But if you just have to do it, continue.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Turn on your Bluetooth headset.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure it is paired with your phone, and that the battery is reasonably fresh.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hide the Bluetooth headset somewhere in the room where it will be able to pick up sounds clearly, but make sure that it is well hidden.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Leave the room, but don't go too far; your Bluetooth connection should work through walls, but if you get too far away, it won't work very well.\", \"描述\": \"The range is about 30 feet, or 10 metres.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wait for the conversation of interest to start.\", \"描述\": \"When it does, turn on the voice recorder on your phone. It should record through the microphone of the Bluetooth headset.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"At the end of the conversation, stop recording.\", \"描述\": \"If the phone stops recording automatically after a while, you may need to start it again. Retrieve the headset and play back at your leisure.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Optionally, use a microphone and Audacity, a free, open-source audio recording application, to dub the conversation to your PC.\", \"描述\": \"From there it can be emailed, or burned onto a CD.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"The range of a bluetooth device is about 30 feet, or 10 metres. To test it, place your phone somewhere you can see from a distance, make a call, and see how well you can converse with the other person for 10-30 seconds at 6 feet or 2 metre increments. If possible, place the phone where you'll be placing the headset and see just how far away you can get while the voice is still clear.\\n\", \"When placing the headset, consider where people will probably be standing in the room. If there is a television or a radio, consider that these may drown out the conversation (and might actually be used with that in mind, so you, outside, cannot hear what is going on). If the headset is closer to the people talking than the television or radio, chances are you will hear more.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"People may be offended if they find your equipment... or you.\\n\", \"It is illegal in the United States to make a recording of somebody without their permission, and depending upon what you do with the recording, you could find yourself in trouble.\\n\", \"Evidence of a crime obtained this way is inadmissible in court for the above reason. It's only legitimate if the subject knows they are being recorded.\\n\", \"This could be an excellent way to give away a $30 piece of equipment to someone you don't trust.\\n\", \"Never, ever, use this method to record intimate relations. The legal consequences of that are much more severe, not to mention the personal consequences.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
|
7,086 |
How to Build 3D Models of Animal and Plant Cells
|
1. Planning for Your Model
1-1. Understand cells.
You must understand the primary organelles (cell components, essentially the organs of the cell), their relation to one another, and the differences between plant and animal cells if you are going to construct an accurate 3D model.
You must know the different organelles if you are going to model them. Vitally, you must understand their shape. The colors usually given to the different cell components in textbooks are used for contrast and usually bear no resemblance to reality, so in that instance you can be creative. But you must develop the correct shapes in order to model them.
It is also important to know how the various cell structures relate to one another. For example, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is always located close to the nucleus because it processes the proteins that are used in DNA replication. Consider where you will place your organelle as you are creating your model.
Know the differences between plant and animal cells. Most importantly, plant cells have an exterior cell wall made of cellulose, contain very large vacuoles (a membrane-bound collection of water and enzymes), and possess chloroplasts (the portions of the plant cell that convert sunlight into usable energy). Centrosomes are only present in animal cells. Similarly, animal cells always have cilia, while plant cells often don't. Animal cells are typically round and irregular, while plant cells are rectangular and fixed in shape.
1-2. Develop a concept for your model.
Will your model be a transparent representation, with the cell components suspended in a see-through material? Will it instead be a cutaway model, giving the appearance of a cell that has been cut in half but containing organelles that provide a three-dimensional appearance? Instructions on how to construct two alternative styles of model appear later in this article, but will be summarized here:
The first option is a fully three-dimensional representation of a cell, with all of the organelles suspended in clear gelatin.
The second option involves using craft materials to construct a cut-away model that shows a cell with a section removed to facilitate viewing.
1-3. Think about the materials you would use.
The materials will obviously vary depending on the type of model you have decided to construct.
It is easiest to use items that already have the general shape of the object you are modeling--say, something roughly circular for a cell nucleus.
Of course, many of the organelles are shaped so strangely that it may be impossible to find something that already has the same appearance. In this case you should think of materials that are flexible and can be fitted to whatever appearance you need.
1-4. Be creative.
Will your 3D model be edible? What types of colors will you use for each organelle? Never lose sight of the vital elements that must be represented in this project, but the form of your model does not always have to limit its style and creativity.
2. Using Gelatin
2-1. Get the materials to make your cell parts.
You'll be making the parts of your cell out of various food and kitchen items. What you use is up to you but here are a few ideas:
Clear gelatin will work as the cytoplasm, which is present in both animal and plant cells. If you are simply going for authenticity, non-flavored gelatin would work perfectly well. If you have decided to go edible, choose a variety that won't be so darkly colored as to obscure the model organelles you place inside.
For the nucleus, nucleolus and nuclear membrane: Purchase a pitted fruit, such as a plum or peach. The pit is the nucleolus, the fruit is the nucleus, and the skin is the nuclear membrane. (If you are not expected to deliver this level of complexity, a simple round food item will do). You'll need this for either a plant or animal cell.
Centrosomes, which are only present in animal cells, are supposed to be spiky, try putting bits of toothpick through a gumdrop or other small gummy item.
Model the Golgi apparatus, which is present in both plant and animal cells, using cut-out pieces of cardboard, wafers, crackers, sliced bananas or, perhaps best yet, a fruit roll-up stacked like an accordion.
For the Lysosomes in either type of cell, use small, round candies or chocolate chips.
Mitochondrion, which are also present in both animal and plant cells, are somewhat oblong, so try using lima beans or perhaps certain types of un-shelled nuts.
For ribosomes, you'll want something small. Try sprinkles, peppercorns, or plain pepper. These are present in both plant and animal cells.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is present in both animal and plant cells, looks much like the Golgi apparatus, in that it is a structure of flat, folded sections clumped together; though unlike the Golgi apparatus it has a rough-looking surface. You could use similar materials for it, but try to find a way to stick something rough or textured to it (perhaps sprinkles) in order to make the two distinct.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum looks more like a tangled and irregularly sized series of connected tubes. For this, you'll want something smooth and bendy. Use cooked spaghetti, gummy worms, or stretched-out taffy.
When creating your vacuoles, you'll choose different shapes for animal versus plant cells. For an animal cell, use a few moderately sized gumballs--ideally uniform in color, but with some transparent quality (there are essentially just sacks of water and enzymes, after all). Vacuoles in plant cells are much, much larger. If you really want to get tricky here, you could make a separate gelatin (perhaps made with the concentrated formula for extra rigidity) earlier and attempt to insert it into the model plant cell.
Microtubules can be modeled using uncooked pieces of spaghetti or, depending on the scale of your project, straws.
For chloroplasts (plant cell only), use peas, green jelly beans, or green beans cut in half. Keep them green.
2-2. Get a gelatin mold.
You'll need a mold to make your cell in but you'll need to decide what type of cell you're making first. Animal and plant cells have different shapes and will require different molds.
If you're making a plant cell, the first thing you'll need is a rectangular baking dish, preferably made out of porcelain. The dish itself will be your cell wall and membrane, in your model.
If you're making an animal cell, you'll want a round or oblong baking dish, like a casserole dish. This dish can be your cell membrane, or you can later remove the cell model from the dish and cover it in saran wrap cut to shape and size and call that the membrane.
2-3. Make the gelatin.
Cook the gelatin according to the instructions on the box--it usually begins by boiling water on the stovetop, and then mixing the gelatin in. Carefully pour the hot liquid into the casserole dish or baking pan. Put in the fridge and let it set for about an hour, or until it's almost hardened. You want the gelatin to reform or solidify around the areas where you have inserted the model organelles.
If you can't find clear gelatin, buy the lightest color possible, like yellow or orange. You can also make gelatin from scratch.
2-4. Add your cell parts.
Start putting your cell parts into the gelatin. Here's how you might want to arrange the pieces:
Put the nucleus near the middle (unless you are modeling a plant cell).
Place the centrosome near the nucleus. This is only present in animal cells.
Put the smooth endoplasmic reticulum near the nucleus. This is present in both animal and plant cells.
Place the Golgi body, which is present in both animal and plant cells, near the nucleus (though farther away than the endoplasmic reticulum).
Add the rough endoplasmic reticulum onto the other side of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (away from the nucleus). This is present in both plant and animal cells.
Arrange everything else wherever you have room. Try not to crowd too much into one space. In a real cell, there are a few structures that float all around the cytoplasm. These can be mixed in almost randomly.
2-5. Put the model back into the refrigerator.
Allow the gelatin to settle for another hour or two until it is completely solidified.
2-6. Make a table or key that defines each part.
After you've added your cell pieces, write up a list of what part of a cell each item corresponds to (e.g., "Gelatin = Cytoplasm," "Licorice = Rough ER"). You'll probably need to be able to tell people about the parts of your cell later on.
3. Using Craft Items
3-1. Obtain the materials.
Here are a few options:
You can use a styrofoam cell base. Craft or art stores and will have styrofoam balls (if making an animal cell) roughly the size of a basketball or a styrofoam rectangular cube (if making a plant cell).
Cardstock can be used to form a number of cell structures, such as the Golgi apparatus or rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Straws or small hoses can be used to form tube-like structures. The microtubules could be constructed out of stirring straws, while flexible straws or tubes can be used to model the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Use beads of various sizes and shapes as other cell structures, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. Try to keep them on an appropriate scale compared to the other structures in the model cell.
Modeling clay can be used to create any structure that is difficult to replicate using preexisting materials.
Paint can be used to fill in the cytoplasm and differentiate between it and the exterior of the cell. You can also paint any clay structures you have created.
3-2. Cut out a 1/4 section of the styrofoam base.
Measure the base and make dots at the points that equal half the length of a side. Draw lines showing where to cut. Then use an exacto knife or something similar to cut and remove a 1/4 section.
For the plant cell, do this by drawing the center line on any two adjoining sides and continue those lines all the way around until they circle back.
If doing this for the animal cell, draw the lines like you were making the equator and the meridians on a globe.
3-3. Paint it.
Paint the inside of the 1/4 section in order to help your cell parts stand out. You can also paint the outside in a different color to contrast it with the cytoplasm.
3-4. Make the cell parts.
Create them from the craft items listed above.
The trickiest of these will be the parts that you must model out of clay. Keep these structures as simple as possible while remaining true to the basic structure you are modeling. It may be best to only make the simplest of structures out of clay and leave more complex parts--say, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum--to be replicated using tubes or some other item.
3-5. Add the cell parts.
Add the parts to your cell base (the styrofoam). This can be done by using hot glue, regular glue, toothpicks, pins, staples, or a number of other methods. In some cases you may also need to literally dig or carve out space in the styrofoam to fit in the parts.
The Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum can be shaped out of cardstock using your hands. In this case, make slices into the styrofoam and slide pieces of cardstock in to form the folded shapes of these structures.
3-6. Make a table or key that defines each part.
After you've added your cell pieces, write up a list of what part of a cell each item corresponds to. You'll probably need to be able to tell people about the parts of your cell later on.
Tips
You'll be able to add parts more quickly if you have a friend or parent help.
Make sure the gelatin has enough time to solidify after you have added the "organelles." Try to keep it in the fridge overnight.
You might want to papier-mâché the styrofoam for safety reasons. Add extra layers for good measure.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Planning for Your Model\\n1-1. Understand cells.\\nYou must understand the primary organelles (cell components, essentially the organs of the cell), their relation to one another, and the differences between plant and animal cells if you are going to construct an accurate 3D model.\\nYou must know the different organelles if you are going to model them. Vitally, you must understand their shape. The colors usually given to the different cell components in textbooks are used for contrast and usually bear no resemblance to reality, so in that instance you can be creative. But you must develop the correct shapes in order to model them.\\nIt is also important to know how the various cell structures relate to one another. For example, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is always located close to the nucleus because it processes the proteins that are used in DNA replication. Consider where you will place your organelle as you are creating your model.\\nKnow the differences between plant and animal cells. Most importantly, plant cells have an exterior cell wall made of cellulose, contain very large vacuoles (a membrane-bound collection of water and enzymes), and possess chloroplasts (the portions of the plant cell that convert sunlight into usable energy). Centrosomes are only present in animal cells. Similarly, animal cells always have cilia, while plant cells often don't. Animal cells are typically round and irregular, while plant cells are rectangular and fixed in shape.\\n1-2. Develop a concept for your model.\\nWill your model be a transparent representation, with the cell components suspended in a see-through material? Will it instead be a cutaway model, giving the appearance of a cell that has been cut in half but containing organelles that provide a three-dimensional appearance? Instructions on how to construct two alternative styles of model appear later in this article, but will be summarized here:\\nThe first option is a fully three-dimensional representation of a cell, with all of the organelles suspended in clear gelatin.\\nThe second option involves using craft materials to construct a cut-away model that shows a cell with a section removed to facilitate viewing.\\n1-3. Think about the materials you would use.\\nThe materials will obviously vary depending on the type of model you have decided to construct.\\nIt is easiest to use items that already have the general shape of the object you are modeling--say, something roughly circular for a cell nucleus.\\nOf course, many of the organelles are shaped so strangely that it may be impossible to find something that already has the same appearance. In this case you should think of materials that are flexible and can be fitted to whatever appearance you need.\\n1-4. Be creative.\\nWill your 3D model be edible? What types of colors will you use for each organelle? Never lose sight of the vital elements that must be represented in this project, but the form of your model does not always have to limit its style and creativity.\\n2. Using Gelatin\\n2-1. Get the materials to make your cell parts.\\nYou'll be making the parts of your cell out of various food and kitchen items. What you use is up to you but here are a few ideas:\\nClear gelatin will work as the cytoplasm, which is present in both animal and plant cells. If you are simply going for authenticity, non-flavored gelatin would work perfectly well. If you have decided to go edible, choose a variety that won't be so darkly colored as to obscure the model organelles you place inside.\\nFor the nucleus, nucleolus and nuclear membrane: Purchase a pitted fruit, such as a plum or peach. The pit is the nucleolus, the fruit is the nucleus, and the skin is the nuclear membrane. (If you are not expected to deliver this level of complexity, a simple round food item will do). You'll need this for either a plant or animal cell.\\nCentrosomes, which are only present in animal cells, are supposed to be spiky, try putting bits of toothpick through a gumdrop or other small gummy item.\\nModel the Golgi apparatus, which is present in both plant and animal cells, using cut-out pieces of cardboard, wafers, crackers, sliced bananas or, perhaps best yet, a fruit roll-up stacked like an accordion.\\nFor the Lysosomes in either type of cell, use small, round candies or chocolate chips.\\nMitochondrion, which are also present in both animal and plant cells, are somewhat oblong, so try using lima beans or perhaps certain types of un-shelled nuts.\\nFor ribosomes, you'll want something small. Try sprinkles, peppercorns, or plain pepper. These are present in both plant and animal cells.\\nThe rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is present in both animal and plant cells, looks much like the Golgi apparatus, in that it is a structure of flat, folded sections clumped together; though unlike the Golgi apparatus it has a rough-looking surface. You could use similar materials for it, but try to find a way to stick something rough or textured to it (perhaps sprinkles) in order to make the two distinct.\\nThe smooth endoplasmic reticulum looks more like a tangled and irregularly sized series of connected tubes. For this, you'll want something smooth and bendy. Use cooked spaghetti, gummy worms, or stretched-out taffy.\\nWhen creating your vacuoles, you'll choose different shapes for animal versus plant cells. For an animal cell, use a few moderately sized gumballs--ideally uniform in color, but with some transparent quality (there are essentially just sacks of water and enzymes, after all). Vacuoles in plant cells are much, much larger. If you really want to get tricky here, you could make a separate gelatin (perhaps made with the concentrated formula for extra rigidity) earlier and attempt to insert it into the model plant cell.\\nMicrotubules can be modeled using uncooked pieces of spaghetti or, depending on the scale of your project, straws.\\nFor chloroplasts (plant cell only), use peas, green jelly beans, or green beans cut in half. Keep them green.\\n2-2. Get a gelatin mold.\\nYou'll need a mold to make your cell in but you'll need to decide what type of cell you're making first. Animal and plant cells have different shapes and will require different molds.\\nIf you're making a plant cell, the first thing you'll need is a rectangular baking dish, preferably made out of porcelain. The dish itself will be your cell wall and membrane, in your model.\\nIf you're making an animal cell, you'll want a round or oblong baking dish, like a casserole dish. This dish can be your cell membrane, or you can later remove the cell model from the dish and cover it in saran wrap cut to shape and size and call that the membrane.\\n2-3. Make the gelatin.\\nCook the gelatin according to the instructions on the box--it usually begins by boiling water on the stovetop, and then mixing the gelatin in. Carefully pour the hot liquid into the casserole dish or baking pan. Put in the fridge and let it set for about an hour, or until it's almost hardened. You want the gelatin to reform or solidify around the areas where you have inserted the model organelles.\\nIf you can't find clear gelatin, buy the lightest color possible, like yellow or orange. You can also make gelatin from scratch.\\n2-4. Add your cell parts.\\nStart putting your cell parts into the gelatin. Here's how you might want to arrange the pieces:\\nPut the nucleus near the middle (unless you are modeling a plant cell).\\nPlace the centrosome near the nucleus. This is only present in animal cells.\\nPut the smooth endoplasmic reticulum near the nucleus. This is present in both animal and plant cells.\\nPlace the Golgi body, which is present in both animal and plant cells, near the nucleus (though farther away than the endoplasmic reticulum).\\nAdd the rough endoplasmic reticulum onto the other side of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (away from the nucleus). This is present in both plant and animal cells.\\nArrange everything else wherever you have room. Try not to crowd too much into one space. In a real cell, there are a few structures that float all around the cytoplasm. These can be mixed in almost randomly.\\n2-5. Put the model back into the refrigerator.\\nAllow the gelatin to settle for another hour or two until it is completely solidified.\\n2-6. Make a table or key that defines each part.\\nAfter you've added your cell pieces, write up a list of what part of a cell each item corresponds to (e.g., \\\"Gelatin = Cytoplasm,\\\" \\\"Licorice = Rough ER\\\"). You'll probably need to be able to tell people about the parts of your cell later on.\\n3. Using Craft Items\\n3-1. Obtain the materials.\\nHere are a few options:\\nYou can use a styrofoam cell base. Craft or art stores and will have styrofoam balls (if making an animal cell) roughly the size of a basketball or a styrofoam rectangular cube (if making a plant cell).\\nCardstock can be used to form a number of cell structures, such as the Golgi apparatus or rough endoplasmic reticulum.\\nStraws or small hoses can be used to form tube-like structures. The microtubules could be constructed out of stirring straws, while flexible straws or tubes can be used to model the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.\\nUse beads of various sizes and shapes as other cell structures, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. Try to keep them on an appropriate scale compared to the other structures in the model cell.\\nModeling clay can be used to create any structure that is difficult to replicate using preexisting materials.\\nPaint can be used to fill in the cytoplasm and differentiate between it and the exterior of the cell. You can also paint any clay structures you have created.\\n3-2. Cut out a 1/4 section of the styrofoam base.\\nMeasure the base and make dots at the points that equal half the length of a side. Draw lines showing where to cut. Then use an exacto knife or something similar to cut and remove a 1/4 section.\\nFor the plant cell, do this by drawing the center line on any two adjoining sides and continue those lines all the way around until they circle back.\\nIf doing this for the animal cell, draw the lines like you were making the equator and the meridians on a globe.\\n3-3. Paint it.\\nPaint the inside of the 1/4 section in order to help your cell parts stand out. You can also paint the outside in a different color to contrast it with the cytoplasm.\\n3-4. Make the cell parts.\\nCreate them from the craft items listed above.\\nThe trickiest of these will be the parts that you must model out of clay. Keep these structures as simple as possible while remaining true to the basic structure you are modeling. It may be best to only make the simplest of structures out of clay and leave more complex parts--say, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum--to be replicated using tubes or some other item.\\n3-5. Add the cell parts.\\nAdd the parts to your cell base (the styrofoam). This can be done by using hot glue, regular glue, toothpicks, pins, staples, or a number of other methods. In some cases you may also need to literally dig or carve out space in the styrofoam to fit in the parts.\\nThe Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum can be shaped out of cardstock using your hands. In this case, make slices into the styrofoam and slide pieces of cardstock in to form the folded shapes of these structures.\\n3-6. Make a table or key that defines each part.\\nAfter you've added your cell pieces, write up a list of what part of a cell each item corresponds to. You'll probably need to be able to tell people about the parts of your cell later on.\\nTips\\nYou'll be able to add parts more quickly if you have a friend or parent help.\\nMake sure the gelatin has enough time to solidify after you have added the \\\"organelles.\\\" Try to keep it in the fridge overnight.\\nYou might want to papier-mâché the styrofoam for safety reasons. Add extra layers for good measure.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Every student in a junior high or high school science class has had to learn about the structures of living cells at some time or another. Perhaps you have recently taken your turn, learning about the various organelles of plant and animal cells. If you have decided to show off your recently acquired knowledge by creating a 3D model of the cell and its structures (or have been assigned to do so by a teacher), this article can help guide you through the process.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Planning for Your Model\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand cells.\", \"描述\": \"You must understand the primary organelles (cell components, essentially the organs of the cell), their relation to one another, and the differences between plant and animal cells if you are going to construct an accurate 3D model.\\nYou must know the different organelles if you are going to model them. Vitally, you must understand their shape. The colors usually given to the different cell components in textbooks are used for contrast and usually bear no resemblance to reality, so in that instance you can be creative. But you must develop the correct shapes in order to model them.\\nIt is also important to know how the various cell structures relate to one another. For example, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is always located close to the nucleus because it processes the proteins that are used in DNA replication. Consider where you will place your organelle as you are creating your model.\\nKnow the differences between plant and animal cells. Most importantly, plant cells have an exterior cell wall made of cellulose, contain very large vacuoles (a membrane-bound collection of water and enzymes), and possess chloroplasts (the portions of the plant cell that convert sunlight into usable energy). Centrosomes are only present in animal cells. Similarly, animal cells always have cilia, while plant cells often don't. Animal cells are typically round and irregular, while plant cells are rectangular and fixed in shape.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Develop a concept for your model.\", \"描述\": \"Will your model be a transparent representation, with the cell components suspended in a see-through material? Will it instead be a cutaway model, giving the appearance of a cell that has been cut in half but containing organelles that provide a three-dimensional appearance? Instructions on how to construct two alternative styles of model appear later in this article, but will be summarized here:\\nThe first option is a fully three-dimensional representation of a cell, with all of the organelles suspended in clear gelatin.\\nThe second option involves using craft materials to construct a cut-away model that shows a cell with a section removed to facilitate viewing.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Think about the materials you would use.\", \"描述\": \"The materials will obviously vary depending on the type of model you have decided to construct.\\nIt is easiest to use items that already have the general shape of the object you are modeling--say, something roughly circular for a cell nucleus.\\nOf course, many of the organelles are shaped so strangely that it may be impossible to find something that already has the same appearance. In this case you should think of materials that are flexible and can be fitted to whatever appearance you need.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be creative.\", \"描述\": \"Will your 3D model be edible? What types of colors will you use for each organelle? Never lose sight of the vital elements that must be represented in this project, but the form of your model does not always have to limit its style and creativity.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Gelatin\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get the materials to make your cell parts.\", \"描述\": \"You'll be making the parts of your cell out of various food and kitchen items. What you use is up to you but here are a few ideas:\\nClear gelatin will work as the cytoplasm, which is present in both animal and plant cells. If you are simply going for authenticity, non-flavored gelatin would work perfectly well. If you have decided to go edible, choose a variety that won't be so darkly colored as to obscure the model organelles you place inside.\\nFor the nucleus, nucleolus and nuclear membrane: Purchase a pitted fruit, such as a plum or peach. The pit is the nucleolus, the fruit is the nucleus, and the skin is the nuclear membrane. (If you are not expected to deliver this level of complexity, a simple round food item will do). You'll need this for either a plant or animal cell.\\nCentrosomes, which are only present in animal cells, are supposed to be spiky, try putting bits of toothpick through a gumdrop or other small gummy item.\\nModel the Golgi apparatus, which is present in both plant and animal cells, using cut-out pieces of cardboard, wafers, crackers, sliced bananas or, perhaps best yet, a fruit roll-up stacked like an accordion.\\nFor the Lysosomes in either type of cell, use small, round candies or chocolate chips.\\nMitochondrion, which are also present in both animal and plant cells, are somewhat oblong, so try using lima beans or perhaps certain types of un-shelled nuts.\\nFor ribosomes, you'll want something small. Try sprinkles, peppercorns, or plain pepper. These are present in both plant and animal cells.\\nThe rough endoplasmic reticulum, which is present in both animal and plant cells, looks much like the Golgi apparatus, in that it is a structure of flat, folded sections clumped together; though unlike the Golgi apparatus it has a rough-looking surface. You could use similar materials for it, but try to find a way to stick something rough or textured to it (perhaps sprinkles) in order to make the two distinct.\\nThe smooth endoplasmic reticulum looks more like a tangled and irregularly sized series of connected tubes. For this, you'll want something smooth and bendy. Use cooked spaghetti, gummy worms, or stretched-out taffy.\\nWhen creating your vacuoles, you'll choose different shapes for animal versus plant cells. For an animal cell, use a few moderately sized gumballs--ideally uniform in color, but with some transparent quality (there are essentially just sacks of water and enzymes, after all). Vacuoles in plant cells are much, much larger. If you really want to get tricky here, you could make a separate gelatin (perhaps made with the concentrated formula for extra rigidity) earlier and attempt to insert it into the model plant cell.\\nMicrotubules can be modeled using uncooked pieces of spaghetti or, depending on the scale of your project, straws.\\nFor chloroplasts (plant cell only), use peas, green jelly beans, or green beans cut in half. Keep them green.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a gelatin mold.\", \"描述\": \"You'll need a mold to make your cell in but you'll need to decide what type of cell you're making first. Animal and plant cells have different shapes and will require different molds.\\nIf you're making a plant cell, the first thing you'll need is a rectangular baking dish, preferably made out of porcelain. The dish itself will be your cell wall and membrane, in your model.\\nIf you're making an animal cell, you'll want a round or oblong baking dish, like a casserole dish. This dish can be your cell membrane, or you can later remove the cell model from the dish and cover it in saran wrap cut to shape and size and call that the membrane.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make the gelatin.\", \"描述\": \"Cook the gelatin according to the instructions on the box--it usually begins by boiling water on the stovetop, and then mixing the gelatin in. Carefully pour the hot liquid into the casserole dish or baking pan. Put in the fridge and let it set for about an hour, or until it's almost hardened. You want the gelatin to reform or solidify around the areas where you have inserted the model organelles.\\nIf you can't find clear gelatin, buy the lightest color possible, like yellow or orange. You can also make gelatin from scratch.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add your cell parts.\", \"描述\": \"Start putting your cell parts into the gelatin. Here's how you might want to arrange the pieces:\\nPut the nucleus near the middle (unless you are modeling a plant cell).\\nPlace the centrosome near the nucleus. This is only present in animal cells.\\nPut the smooth endoplasmic reticulum near the nucleus. This is present in both animal and plant cells.\\nPlace the Golgi body, which is present in both animal and plant cells, near the nucleus (though farther away than the endoplasmic reticulum).\\nAdd the rough endoplasmic reticulum onto the other side of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (away from the nucleus). This is present in both plant and animal cells.\\nArrange everything else wherever you have room. Try not to crowd too much into one space. In a real cell, there are a few structures that float all around the cytoplasm. These can be mixed in almost randomly.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Put the model back into the refrigerator.\", \"描述\": \"Allow the gelatin to settle for another hour or two until it is completely solidified.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Make a table or key that defines each part.\", \"描述\": \"After you've added your cell pieces, write up a list of what part of a cell each item corresponds to (e.g., \\\"Gelatin = Cytoplasm,\\\" \\\"Licorice = Rough ER\\\"). You'll probably need to be able to tell people about the parts of your cell later on.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using Craft Items\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Obtain the materials.\", \"描述\": \"Here are a few options:\\nYou can use a styrofoam cell base. Craft or art stores and will have styrofoam balls (if making an animal cell) roughly the size of a basketball or a styrofoam rectangular cube (if making a plant cell).\\nCardstock can be used to form a number of cell structures, such as the Golgi apparatus or rough endoplasmic reticulum.\\nStraws or small hoses can be used to form tube-like structures. The microtubules could be constructed out of stirring straws, while flexible straws or tubes can be used to model the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.\\nUse beads of various sizes and shapes as other cell structures, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. Try to keep them on an appropriate scale compared to the other structures in the model cell.\\nModeling clay can be used to create any structure that is difficult to replicate using preexisting materials.\\nPaint can be used to fill in the cytoplasm and differentiate between it and the exterior of the cell. You can also paint any clay structures you have created.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cut out a 1/4 section of the styrofoam base.\", \"描述\": \"Measure the base and make dots at the points that equal half the length of a side. Draw lines showing where to cut. Then use an exacto knife or something similar to cut and remove a 1/4 section.\\nFor the plant cell, do this by drawing the center line on any two adjoining sides and continue those lines all the way around until they circle back.\\nIf doing this for the animal cell, draw the lines like you were making the equator and the meridians on a globe.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Paint it.\", \"描述\": \"Paint the inside of the 1/4 section in order to help your cell parts stand out. You can also paint the outside in a different color to contrast it with the cytoplasm.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Make the cell parts.\", \"描述\": \"Create them from the craft items listed above.\\nThe trickiest of these will be the parts that you must model out of clay. Keep these structures as simple as possible while remaining true to the basic structure you are modeling. It may be best to only make the simplest of structures out of clay and leave more complex parts--say, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum--to be replicated using tubes or some other item.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Add the cell parts.\", \"描述\": \"Add the parts to your cell base (the styrofoam). This can be done by using hot glue, regular glue, toothpicks, pins, staples, or a number of other methods. In some cases you may also need to literally dig or carve out space in the styrofoam to fit in the parts.\\nThe Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum can be shaped out of cardstock using your hands. In this case, make slices into the styrofoam and slide pieces of cardstock in to form the folded shapes of these structures.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Make a table or key that defines each part.\", \"描述\": \"After you've added your cell pieces, write up a list of what part of a cell each item corresponds to. You'll probably need to be able to tell people about the parts of your cell later on.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You'll be able to add parts more quickly if you have a friend or parent help.\\n\", \"Make sure the gelatin has enough time to solidify after you have added the \\\"organelles.\\\" Try to keep it in the fridge overnight.\\n\", \"You might want to papier-mâché the styrofoam for safety reasons. Add extra layers for good measure.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,087 |
How to Build Adjustable Pantry Shelves
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1. Wall Plugs
1-1. Choose wall plugs for smaller shelves that won't hold much weight.
The wall plug method uses pins or plugs that attach to the wall and support the shelves. You can move these plugs around to adjust the shelves. This method only works if the shelves will reach completely from one end of the pantry to the other, since the plugs rest on each side of the pantry. This makes it a perfect option for cabinets or smaller closets. The plugs are also pretty sturdy, but they might not be able to support very heavy items. For lighter storage in smaller spaces, this is the best option.
The exact weight the shelf can support depends on the plugs you use. Check the packaging for a listed weight limit, and buy a set that lines up with what you'll be storing on the shelves.
If this isn't the case for your pantry, then the standards and bracket method is better for you.
1-2. Measure the length and depth of your pantry.
Use a tape measure and stretch it across the pantry. Make sure the tape measure is straight, or you’ll get an inaccurate measurement. Then measure the pantry from front to back as well to get its depth measurement. Write both measurements down so you don’t forget.
1-3. Cut plywood shelves to fit into that space.
Measure the correct length and width on plywood boards to match the measurements of your pantry. Use a straightedge and mark the cutting lines with a pencil. Then use a table saw or circular saw to cut straight along those lines. Repeat this for as many shelves as you need for your pantry.
If your pantry is 24 in (61 cm) across and 8 in (20 cm) deep, then those are the dimensions you’ll have to cut the plywood to.
Always wear gloves and goggles while you’re using a saw. Keep your hands far away from the blade while it’s spinning.
If you want to paint or stain the wood, do it now. It’s a lot easier to do before you install the shelves.
1-4. Measure and mark 1 in (2.5 cm) in from the pantry edges.
Since the shelves are usually flush with the front and back of the pantry edges, this is easy. Just measure in 1 in (2.5 cm) from the front and back of the pantry on each side, at any height. Make a mark there to note where the plugs will go.
If your shelves are 8 in (20 cm) wide and flush with the edges of the pantry, then simply make a mark 1 in (2.5 cm) in from each side of the pantry.
1-5. Make a mark every 1 in (2.5 cm) up each side of the pantry.
Hold a straightedge or yardstick straight up the side of the pantry along the mark that you made. Place a dot with a pencil every 1 in (2.5 cm) to mark the locations for the holes. Repeat this for the back side of the pantry, then on the other side.
There are also attachments you can use that have pre-drilled holes in them at equal distances. You’d just have to hold the attachment against the pantry and poke through the holes without measuring the distance by hand.
Be careful and make certain that the holes on all sides are even with each other. If not, your shelves will be crooked.
1-6. Drill into each mark to make plug holes.
Put on goggles to protect your eyes, then use a power drill and make a hole into each mark. You can also use a Dremel tool to drill the holes. Only go about halfway into the wood so the drill bit doesn’t come out the other side. Work your way up each side of the pantry to hit all the marks.
Check the wall plugs that you’re using to see if the set recommends a drill bit size. If the holes are too big or too small, the plugs won’t fit correctly.
1-7. Place wall plugs in the spots that you want your shelves to sit.
Decide where you want the shelves in your pantry to sit. When you pick a spot, place 4 wall plugs into the holes at the same height on each side of the pantry. Repeat this for each shelf you’re installing.
Press the plugs into the holes so you know they’re secure. It might help to tap them with a hammer a few times.
Double check and make sure the plugs are all at the same height. If not, your shelf will be crooked and could fall.
1-8. Rest the shelves on top of the plugs.
Slide the shelf into the pantry and set in on the plugs. Make sure the shelf is straight end level. Repeat this for each shelf to complete your pantry.
If the shelves are too wide for the pantry, then just shave the edges very slightly with a saw until they fit correctly.
1-9. Move the plugs to a different height to adjust the shelves.
If you don’t like where the shelves are sitting, then just move them around until you find a spot you like. That’s the beauty of adjustable shelves! Just slide the shelf out, remove the plugs, and stick them in holes at a different height. Then just put the shelf back in.
2. Wall Standards and Brackets
2-1. Use the standard and bracket method for larger pantries and shelves.
If you have a walk-in pantry or need to support a lot of weight on the shelves, then this is a better choice than wall plugs. It's especially useful if the space is too big for the shelves to reach completely from one side to the other.
Wall standards and matching brackets are easy to find at any hardware store. You'll need 2 brackets for each shelf, and you can put multiple brackets and shelves on each pair of standards.
Most brackets will fit in a wall standard. It's more important to make sure the brackets are long enough for the shelves you're using to rest on.
2-2. Find
Use a stud finder or tap on the wall to find the stud on the left side of your pantry. Make a mark there with a pencil. Then move to the right to find and mark the next stud.
Studs are typically 16–24 in (41–61 cm) apart. If your shelves are longer than that, then you may need to find and make the third stud instead of the second.
2-3. Hold the left standard against the left stud and straighten it.
Decide on the height that you want your shelves to sit, then press the standard against the stud at that height. Hold a level against the side of the standard and adjust it until it’s sitting plumb, or perfectly vertical.
Make sure you don’t slide the standard off the stud while you’re adjusting it. Only make tiny adjustments until the standard is straight.
You can get standards from any hardware store. They come in different sizes and colors, so shop around to find a pair that matches your pantry.
2-4. Screw the first standard to the wall.
Start at the standard’s top hole and drive a 2.5 in (6.4 cm) screw into the wall. Hold the standard straight and drive another screw into the bottom hole. Then put screws into the remaining holes to finish attaching the standard.
Double check to make sure the standard is vertical before driving in the bottom screw. This way, you can make any last-minute adjustments easily.
2-5. Hold the second standard against the next stud, level with the first.
Go to the second stud that you located and press the standard against it. The easiest way to get the standards level is resting a long level on top of them both, then sliding the second one up and down until it’s perfectly level with the first. Once you find the right height for the second standard, hold it in place.
Making sure the standards are level is very important. Otherwise, your shelves won’t be level and things could fall off.
2-6. Screw the second standard down.
Hold the standard against the wall and drive a screw into the top hole. Adjust the standard with a level to make sure it’s perfectly vertical, then drive a screw into the bottom hole. Finish up by driving screws into the remaining holes.
If you have to take the standard away from the wall before screwing it, use a pencil and put dots in all the screw holes so you can hang it back up at the right height.
2-7. Tuck the shelf brackets into the slots on the standards.
Find the height that you want your shelf to sit. Then rest a bracket on each standard at the same height. Tap the bracket down a few times with a hammer to lock it in place.
2-8. Rest the shelf on the bracket.
Now just slide the shelf into the pantry so it rests on the brackets. Make sure it’s straight and level. Repeat this for any other shelves you’re installing.
If you don’t like the height of the shelf, just take it off, pop the brackets out, and reinstall them in a different spot.
Some brackets have screw holes through the bottom so you can drive screws into the shelf for a stronger hold.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Wall Plugs\\n1-1. Choose wall plugs for smaller shelves that won't hold much weight.\\nThe wall plug method uses pins or plugs that attach to the wall and support the shelves. You can move these plugs around to adjust the shelves. This method only works if the shelves will reach completely from one end of the pantry to the other, since the plugs rest on each side of the pantry. This makes it a perfect option for cabinets or smaller closets. The plugs are also pretty sturdy, but they might not be able to support very heavy items. For lighter storage in smaller spaces, this is the best option.\\nThe exact weight the shelf can support depends on the plugs you use. Check the packaging for a listed weight limit, and buy a set that lines up with what you'll be storing on the shelves.\\nIf this isn't the case for your pantry, then the standards and bracket method is better for you.\\n1-2. Measure the length and depth of your pantry.\\nUse a tape measure and stretch it across the pantry. Make sure the tape measure is straight, or you’ll get an inaccurate measurement. Then measure the pantry from front to back as well to get its depth measurement. Write both measurements down so you don’t forget.\\n1-3. Cut plywood shelves to fit into that space.\\nMeasure the correct length and width on plywood boards to match the measurements of your pantry. Use a straightedge and mark the cutting lines with a pencil. Then use a table saw or circular saw to cut straight along those lines. Repeat this for as many shelves as you need for your pantry.\\nIf your pantry is 24 in (61 cm) across and 8 in (20 cm) deep, then those are the dimensions you’ll have to cut the plywood to.\\nAlways wear gloves and goggles while you’re using a saw. Keep your hands far away from the blade while it’s spinning.\\nIf you want to paint or stain the wood, do it now. It’s a lot easier to do before you install the shelves.\\n1-4. Measure and mark 1 in (2.5 cm) in from the pantry edges.\\nSince the shelves are usually flush with the front and back of the pantry edges, this is easy. Just measure in 1 in (2.5 cm) from the front and back of the pantry on each side, at any height. Make a mark there to note where the plugs will go.\\nIf your shelves are 8 in (20 cm) wide and flush with the edges of the pantry, then simply make a mark 1 in (2.5 cm) in from each side of the pantry.\\n1-5. Make a mark every 1 in (2.5 cm) up each side of the pantry.\\nHold a straightedge or yardstick straight up the side of the pantry along the mark that you made. Place a dot with a pencil every 1 in (2.5 cm) to mark the locations for the holes. Repeat this for the back side of the pantry, then on the other side.\\nThere are also attachments you can use that have pre-drilled holes in them at equal distances. You’d just have to hold the attachment against the pantry and poke through the holes without measuring the distance by hand.\\nBe careful and make certain that the holes on all sides are even with each other. If not, your shelves will be crooked.\\n1-6. Drill into each mark to make plug holes.\\nPut on goggles to protect your eyes, then use a power drill and make a hole into each mark. You can also use a Dremel tool to drill the holes. Only go about halfway into the wood so the drill bit doesn’t come out the other side. Work your way up each side of the pantry to hit all the marks.\\nCheck the wall plugs that you’re using to see if the set recommends a drill bit size. If the holes are too big or too small, the plugs won’t fit correctly.\\n1-7. Place wall plugs in the spots that you want your shelves to sit.\\nDecide where you want the shelves in your pantry to sit. When you pick a spot, place 4 wall plugs into the holes at the same height on each side of the pantry. Repeat this for each shelf you’re installing.\\nPress the plugs into the holes so you know they’re secure. It might help to tap them with a hammer a few times.\\nDouble check and make sure the plugs are all at the same height. If not, your shelf will be crooked and could fall.\\n1-8. Rest the shelves on top of the plugs.\\nSlide the shelf into the pantry and set in on the plugs. Make sure the shelf is straight end level. Repeat this for each shelf to complete your pantry.\\nIf the shelves are too wide for the pantry, then just shave the edges very slightly with a saw until they fit correctly.\\n1-9. Move the plugs to a different height to adjust the shelves.\\nIf you don’t like where the shelves are sitting, then just move them around until you find a spot you like. That’s the beauty of adjustable shelves! Just slide the shelf out, remove the plugs, and stick them in holes at a different height. Then just put the shelf back in.\\n2. Wall Standards and Brackets\\n2-1. Use the standard and bracket method for larger pantries and shelves.\\nIf you have a walk-in pantry or need to support a lot of weight on the shelves, then this is a better choice than wall plugs. It's especially useful if the space is too big for the shelves to reach completely from one side to the other.\\nWall standards and matching brackets are easy to find at any hardware store. You'll need 2 brackets for each shelf, and you can put multiple brackets and shelves on each pair of standards.\\nMost brackets will fit in a wall standard. It's more important to make sure the brackets are long enough for the shelves you're using to rest on.\\n2-2. Find\\nUse a stud finder or tap on the wall to find the stud on the left side of your pantry. Make a mark there with a pencil. Then move to the right to find and mark the next stud.\\nStuds are typically 16–24 in (41–61 cm) apart. If your shelves are longer than that, then you may need to find and make the third stud instead of the second.\\n2-3. Hold the left standard against the left stud and straighten it.\\nDecide on the height that you want your shelves to sit, then press the standard against the stud at that height. Hold a level against the side of the standard and adjust it until it’s sitting plumb, or perfectly vertical.\\nMake sure you don’t slide the standard off the stud while you’re adjusting it. Only make tiny adjustments until the standard is straight.\\nYou can get standards from any hardware store. They come in different sizes and colors, so shop around to find a pair that matches your pantry.\\n2-4. Screw the first standard to the wall.\\nStart at the standard’s top hole and drive a 2.5 in (6.4 cm) screw into the wall. Hold the standard straight and drive another screw into the bottom hole. Then put screws into the remaining holes to finish attaching the standard.\\nDouble check to make sure the standard is vertical before driving in the bottom screw. This way, you can make any last-minute adjustments easily.\\n2-5. Hold the second standard against the next stud, level with the first.\\nGo to the second stud that you located and press the standard against it. The easiest way to get the standards level is resting a long level on top of them both, then sliding the second one up and down until it’s perfectly level with the first. Once you find the right height for the second standard, hold it in place.\\nMaking sure the standards are level is very important. Otherwise, your shelves won’t be level and things could fall off.\\n2-6. Screw the second standard down.\\nHold the standard against the wall and drive a screw into the top hole. Adjust the standard with a level to make sure it’s perfectly vertical, then drive a screw into the bottom hole. Finish up by driving screws into the remaining holes.\\nIf you have to take the standard away from the wall before screwing it, use a pencil and put dots in all the screw holes so you can hang it back up at the right height.\\n2-7. Tuck the shelf brackets into the slots on the standards.\\nFind the height that you want your shelf to sit. Then rest a bracket on each standard at the same height. Tap the bracket down a few times with a hammer to lock it in place.\\n2-8. Rest the shelf on the bracket.\\nNow just slide the shelf into the pantry so it rests on the brackets. Make sure it’s straight and level. Repeat this for any other shelves you’re installing.\\nIf you don’t like the height of the shelf, just take it off, pop the brackets out, and reinstall them in a different spot.\\nSome brackets have screw holes through the bottom so you can drive screws into the shelf for a stronger hold.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Storing things in your pantry can be tricky because all your cans, jars, pots, and glasses might be different heights. That’s why adjustable shelves are so handy! You can move them around if you have to and accommodate just about anything in your pantry. Even better, installing your own adjustable shelves is pretty easy. Using either wall plugs or a standard and bracket set, you’ll have your shelves in place in no time.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Wall Plugs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Choose wall plugs for smaller shelves that won't hold much weight.\", \"描述\": \"The wall plug method uses pins or plugs that attach to the wall and support the shelves. You can move these plugs around to adjust the shelves. This method only works if the shelves will reach completely from one end of the pantry to the other, since the plugs rest on each side of the pantry. This makes it a perfect option for cabinets or smaller closets. The plugs are also pretty sturdy, but they might not be able to support very heavy items. For lighter storage in smaller spaces, this is the best option.\\nThe exact weight the shelf can support depends on the plugs you use. Check the packaging for a listed weight limit, and buy a set that lines up with what you'll be storing on the shelves.\\nIf this isn't the case for your pantry, then the standards and bracket method is better for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Measure the length and depth of your pantry.\", \"描述\": \"Use a tape measure and stretch it across the pantry. Make sure the tape measure is straight, or you’ll get an inaccurate measurement. Then measure the pantry from front to back as well to get its depth measurement. Write both measurements down so you don’t forget.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cut plywood shelves to fit into that space.\", \"描述\": \"Measure the correct length and width on plywood boards to match the measurements of your pantry. Use a straightedge and mark the cutting lines with a pencil. Then use a table saw or circular saw to cut straight along those lines. Repeat this for as many shelves as you need for your pantry.\\nIf your pantry is 24 in (61 cm) across and 8 in (20 cm) deep, then those are the dimensions you’ll have to cut the plywood to.\\nAlways wear gloves and goggles while you’re using a saw. Keep your hands far away from the blade while it’s spinning.\\nIf you want to paint or stain the wood, do it now. It’s a lot easier to do before you install the shelves.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Measure and mark 1 in (2.5 cm) in from the pantry edges.\", \"描述\": \"Since the shelves are usually flush with the front and back of the pantry edges, this is easy. Just measure in 1 in (2.5 cm) from the front and back of the pantry on each side, at any height. Make a mark there to note where the plugs will go.\\nIf your shelves are 8 in (20 cm) wide and flush with the edges of the pantry, then simply make a mark 1 in (2.5 cm) in from each side of the pantry.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Make a mark every 1 in (2.5 cm) up each side of the pantry.\", \"描述\": \"Hold a straightedge or yardstick straight up the side of the pantry along the mark that you made. Place a dot with a pencil every 1 in (2.5 cm) to mark the locations for the holes. Repeat this for the back side of the pantry, then on the other side.\\nThere are also attachments you can use that have pre-drilled holes in them at equal distances. You’d just have to hold the attachment against the pantry and poke through the holes without measuring the distance by hand.\\nBe careful and make certain that the holes on all sides are even with each other. If not, your shelves will be crooked.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Drill into each mark to make plug holes.\", \"描述\": \"Put on goggles to protect your eyes, then use a power drill and make a hole into each mark. You can also use a Dremel tool to drill the holes. Only go about halfway into the wood so the drill bit doesn’t come out the other side. Work your way up each side of the pantry to hit all the marks.\\nCheck the wall plugs that you’re using to see if the set recommends a drill bit size. If the holes are too big or too small, the plugs won’t fit correctly.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Place wall plugs in the spots that you want your shelves to sit.\", \"描述\": \"Decide where you want the shelves in your pantry to sit. When you pick a spot, place 4 wall plugs into the holes at the same height on each side of the pantry. Repeat this for each shelf you’re installing.\\nPress the plugs into the holes so you know they’re secure. It might help to tap them with a hammer a few times.\\nDouble check and make sure the plugs are all at the same height. If not, your shelf will be crooked and could fall.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Rest the shelves on top of the plugs.\", \"描述\": \"Slide the shelf into the pantry and set in on the plugs. Make sure the shelf is straight end level. Repeat this for each shelf to complete your pantry.\\nIf the shelves are too wide for the pantry, then just shave the edges very slightly with a saw until they fit correctly.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Move the plugs to a different height to adjust the shelves.\", \"描述\": \"If you don’t like where the shelves are sitting, then just move them around until you find a spot you like. That’s the beauty of adjustable shelves! Just slide the shelf out, remove the plugs, and stick them in holes at a different height. Then just put the shelf back in.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Wall Standards and Brackets\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use the standard and bracket method for larger pantries and shelves.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a walk-in pantry or need to support a lot of weight on the shelves, then this is a better choice than wall plugs. It's especially useful if the space is too big for the shelves to reach completely from one side to the other.\\nWall standards and matching brackets are easy to find at any hardware store. You'll need 2 brackets for each shelf, and you can put multiple brackets and shelves on each pair of standards.\\nMost brackets will fit in a wall standard. It's more important to make sure the brackets are long enough for the shelves you're using to rest on.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Find\", \"描述\": \"Use a stud finder or tap on the wall to find the stud on the left side of your pantry. Make a mark there with a pencil. Then move to the right to find and mark the next stud.\\nStuds are typically 16–24 in (41–61 cm) apart. If your shelves are longer than that, then you may need to find and make the third stud instead of the second.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hold the left standard against the left stud and straighten it.\", \"描述\": \"Decide on the height that you want your shelves to sit, then press the standard against the stud at that height. Hold a level against the side of the standard and adjust it until it’s sitting plumb, or perfectly vertical.\\nMake sure you don’t slide the standard off the stud while you’re adjusting it. Only make tiny adjustments until the standard is straight.\\nYou can get standards from any hardware store. They come in different sizes and colors, so shop around to find a pair that matches your pantry.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Screw the first standard to the wall.\", \"描述\": \"Start at the standard’s top hole and drive a 2.5 in (6.4 cm) screw into the wall. Hold the standard straight and drive another screw into the bottom hole. Then put screws into the remaining holes to finish attaching the standard.\\nDouble check to make sure the standard is vertical before driving in the bottom screw. This way, you can make any last-minute adjustments easily.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Hold the second standard against the next stud, level with the first.\", \"描述\": \"Go to the second stud that you located and press the standard against it. The easiest way to get the standards level is resting a long level on top of them both, then sliding the second one up and down until it’s perfectly level with the first. Once you find the right height for the second standard, hold it in place.\\nMaking sure the standards are level is very important. Otherwise, your shelves won’t be level and things could fall off.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Screw the second standard down.\", \"描述\": \"Hold the standard against the wall and drive a screw into the top hole. Adjust the standard with a level to make sure it’s perfectly vertical, then drive a screw into the bottom hole. Finish up by driving screws into the remaining holes.\\nIf you have to take the standard away from the wall before screwing it, use a pencil and put dots in all the screw holes so you can hang it back up at the right height.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Tuck the shelf brackets into the slots on the standards.\", \"描述\": \"Find the height that you want your shelf to sit. Then rest a bracket on each standard at the same height. Tap the bracket down a few times with a hammer to lock it in place.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Rest the shelf on the bracket.\", \"描述\": \"Now just slide the shelf into the pantry so it rests on the brackets. Make sure it’s straight and level. Repeat this for any other shelves you’re installing.\\nIf you don’t like the height of the shelf, just take it off, pop the brackets out, and reinstall them in a different spot.\\nSome brackets have screw holes through the bottom so you can drive screws into the shelf for a stronger hold.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,088 |
How to Build Antennas
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1. Creating a Simple Antenna
1-1. Strip the insulation off the end of a coaxial cable to create a simple antenna.
Get a coaxial cable that’s long enough to go from your TV to the nearest window so you can get the best reception. Use a pair of wire strippers to remove the last 6 inches (15 cm) of insulation from the end of the coaxial cord. Once the wire inside is exposed, straighten it out by hand and put it vertically near your window. Run the other end of the cord to the port on your TV to attach the antenna.
You may only get 5-10 channels using a simple antenna.
You could be able to increase the signal of the antenna by wrapping the exposed end of the coaxial cable in aluminum foil.
1-2. Try putting an unbent paper clip directly into the coaxial port on your TV.
Use a jumbo-sized paper clip to get the most channels from your television. Unbend the paper clip by hand or with a pair of pliers until it has an L-shape. Push the short end of the unbent paper clip into the small hole in the coaxial port on your TV. Once your antenna is in place, you’ll be able to receive a few TV channels.
A paper clip antenna works best if it’s near a window.
Attach the antenna to a coaxial splitter and then run a coaxial cord from it to your TV is you want to extend the range more.
1-3. Create an FM radio antenna by stripping the end from an ethernet cord.
Use a pair of scissors to cut off one end of an ethernet cord. Strip about 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm) of the insulation off of the ethernet cord so the wires are exposed underneath. Twist the wires together by hand as tightly as you can so they come to a point at the end. Plug the other end of the ethernet cord into your radio receiver and hold the antenna up to receive your stations.
2. Making an HDTV Antenna
2-1. Cut 8 pieces of copper wire that are each 17 inches (43 cm).
Get 12-gauge uninsulated copper wire to make your antenna. Measure out 8 separate pieces that are 17 inches (43 cm) long and mark the lengths with a marker. Use a pair of wire cutters to snip the wires on your marks so you have 8 pieces.
You can get uninsulated wire from your local hardware store.
2-2. Bend the wires into V-shaped ears so the ends are 3 in (7.6 cm) apart.
You can bend the wire by hand or use a pair of pliers if it’s easier. Grab the ends of one piece of wire and bend it in half so the ends touch one another. Unbend the wire so it looks like a V-shape and the ends are 3 inches (7.6 cm) apart. Repeat the process with the rest of the wire pieces.
Bending the wires helps them pick up frequencies better so you get a clearer image.
2-3. Drill holes every 8 in (20 cm) on the sides of a 32 in (81 cm) board.
Put a drill bit in your drill that has a diameter ⁄8 in (0.32 cm) smaller than the screws you plan on using. Position the first hole on a 32 in (81 cm) board so it’s along the longest side and 1 inch (2.5 cm) down from the end. Continue adding holes every 8 inches (20 cm) down the length of the board before drilling holes on the other side.
Make sure the holes are in line with one another so the antenna ears are directly across from one another.
Don’t drill completely through the board or else the screws may not stay secure later on.
2-4. Feed screws and washers into the holes you just drilled.
Line up the centers of the metal washers with the holes you just drilled in the wood. Feed the ends of ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) wood screws into the holes and turn them clockwise by hand. Continue turning the screws until they’re stuck in the piece of wood.
Don’t tighten the screws completely since you still need to fit wires underneath each of the washers.
2-5. Wrap the antenna ears around the screws so the ends point out.
Lift one of the washers up so it’s pressed against the top of the screw. Position one of the antenna ears you bent underneath the washer so the ends point out and away from the piece of wood. Make sure the bend in the wire is pulled tightly against the base of the screw so it doesn’t move or shift around. Repeat the process for the other screws.
In total, you’ll have 4 antenna ears on each side of the wooden board.
Don’t let the individual antenna ears touch one another since it could negatively affect the signal strength.
2-6. Thread 34 inches (86 cm) wires between the ears so they zig-zag.
Cut 2 pieces of your copper wire to 34 in (86 cm) lengths. Wrap the end of the wire once around the topmost screw on the left side of the board. Guide the wire around the second and third screw from the top on the right side of the board. Bend the wire back toward the left side of the board so it goes underneath the bottom left washer. Add the other wire so it starts on the top right screw, crosses and goes around the second and third screws on the left, and ends on the bottom right screw.
These wires are known as the “phasing bars” and they connect the antenna ears to help boost the frequency between them so you receive a better image.
2-7. Tighten the screws so the washer holds the wires in place.
Use a screwdriver to finish tightening the screws on your board. Continue turning them clockwise so the washers press down on the wires underneath them and hold the wires securely against the wood. Lightly pull on the wires to make sure they don’t come loose.
If the wires pull out or come loose from under the washers, reposition the wires and continue tightening the screws.
Make sure none of the antenna ears touch one another after you tighten the screws or else the signal won’t be as clear.
2-8. Tape the sections of the phasing bars where the wires intersect to separate them.
There will be 2 points in the middle of the board where the phasing bars intersect one another. Wrap a piece of electrical tape around each of the wires at the intersection to prevent them from touching one another. Tape the other intersection the same way to keep the wires separate.
If the phasing bar wires touch, it could cause the channels to look fuzzy or short out the antenna.
2-9. Solder
An impedance-matching transformer (IMT) has a coaxial port that connects to your TV and 2 end wires that attach to the phasing bars on the antenna. Position the IMT in the middle of the antenna and bend the ends out so they touch the wires of the phasing bars. Heat up a soldering iron, and solder the ends of the IMT so they’re secured to phasing bar wires. Let the solder dry for about a minute before continuing.
You can buy an IMT from an electronics or hardware store.
Don’t touch a soldering iron while it’s hot, or else you could burn yourself.
2-10. Connect a coaxial cable to the end of the IMT.
Coaxial cables are standard for attaching your TV to an antenna or cable signal so the image appears clearly on screen. Screw the end of a coaxial cable directly into the port on the IMT until it’s hand-tight. Attach the other end of the coaxial cable to the port on the back of your TV to connect it.
2-11. Position your antenna until you get a clear TV image.
Keep the antenna vertical so you can get the best signal. Turn on your TV so you can look at the image, and move the antenna around your room until you get a clear picture on the TV. Cycle through the channels to see what’s available from your new antenna.
You may need to reposition the antenna often depending on the channel and signal strength.
Don’t put your antenna outside since there is exposed wiring and you could cause it to short out.
The channels you receive will vary depending on your location and the strength of the signal.
3. Constructing an FM Radio Antenna
3-1. Divide 468 by the frequency you want to tune into to find the antenna length.
In order to receive the best signal from a radio frequency, you need to find the correct length for your antenna. Choose an FM radio station you listen to the most to choose as the main frequency you’re trying to receive. Divide the number 468 by the frequency to find the total length in feet for the antenna you need.
For example, if you want to receive the frequency 98.3, you would calculate: 468/98.3 = 4.76 feet (1.45 m). You will receive the best signal on 98.3 if the antenna is 4.76 feet (1.45 m) long.
3-2. Cut an aluminum pole to the antenna length.
Get an aluminum pole with a ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) diameter so you can make your antenna and mark the length you need with a marker or pencil. Hold the pole securely in place while you cut through the mark with a hacksaw. Work slowly so you don’t damage the pole or saw while you’re cutting.
You can buy aluminum poles from your local hardware store. You may be able to ask the employees to cut the pole to size for you as well.
It doesn’t matter if the pole you use is solid aluminum or hollow.
If you don’t have an aluminum pole, you can also use an old broomstick as well.
3-3. Split a speaker wire down the middle to separate the cables.
Speaker wire has 2 cables that are separately insulated from one another. Use a utility knife to carefully slice through the seam between the 2 cables to separate them. Take one of the cables in each hand and slowly pull them apart. Continue separating the cables until they’re each 1 foot (30 cm) longer than half the antenna length.
For example, if your antenna length is 5 feet (1.5 m), each of your cables should be 3 ⁄2 feet (1.1 m) long.
Secure a zip tie around the speaker wire if you don’t want the cables to separate further.
3-4. Strip 1 in (2.5 cm) off the ends of the cables.
Clamp a pair of wire strippers around the last 1 inch (2.5 cm) of one of your speaker cables. Squeeze the handles tightly together, and pull the strippers up toward the end to remove the insulation. Repeat the process for the other speaker cable so both ends are exposed.
Stripping the ends of the cables allows the radio frequencies to enter them so they can transmit a signal.
3-5. Wrap the cables around the pole starting from the center.
Place the section of the speaker wire that splits against the middle of the aluminum rod. Take one side of the speaker cable and wrap it tightly around the rod. Leave enough space in between each of the coils so the exposed wire at the end of the cable is still able to reach the end of the pole. Repeat the process with the other cable on the opposite side of the rod.
Make sure to coil the wire in the same direction or else the radio frequency may not come in clearly.
It doesn’t matter how many coils your antenna has as long as the wire is tight against the rod.
3-6. Tape the ends of the speaker wires to the ends of the pole.
Hold one end of the speaker cable against the end of your aluminum rod so the exposed wire is flush with the edge. Wrap a piece of electrical tape around the wire so the end is still exposed, or else you won’t be able to receive frequencies. Tape the other end of the cable to the opposite side of the rod so it doesn’t uncoil.
You can tape multiple places along the rod if your coils are coming loose. Just leave the ends of the wires exposed.
3-7. Hang the antenna vertically near a window.
The FM radio antenna works best when you stand the rod upright. Find a location that’s close to your radio receiver and near a window so you can get the strongest signal. Position a pipe straps every 12–18 inches (30–46 cm) along the rod and nail them into place on your wall to secure the antenna.
Don’t attach the antenna outside since there are exposed wires and electronics.
You don’t need to attach the antenna to your wall if you don’t want to.
3-8. Plug the other end of the speaker wires into your receiver.
Run the unsplit end of the speaker wire to the back of your radio receiver, and look for the FM input ports. Push the ends of the speaker wire into the FM port, and turn on your radio to the frequency you made the antenna for. Test other radio stations and frequencies to see if you’re able to pick them up as well.
Sometimes, the FM port has a coaxial connection. If your receiver uses a coaxial port, then attach the port of an impedance-matching transformer (IMT) to the receiver. Splice the speaker wire onto the 2 ends of the IMT to connect the antenna.
Warnings
Be careful while working with a soldering iron since it can get hot and cause burns.
Keep your antennas inside so they don’t short out or cause damage in inclement weather.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:58",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Creating a Simple Antenna\\n1-1. Strip the insulation off the end of a coaxial cable to create a simple antenna.\\nGet a coaxial cable that’s long enough to go from your TV to the nearest window so you can get the best reception. Use a pair of wire strippers to remove the last 6 inches (15 cm) of insulation from the end of the coaxial cord. Once the wire inside is exposed, straighten it out by hand and put it vertically near your window. Run the other end of the cord to the port on your TV to attach the antenna.\\nYou may only get 5-10 channels using a simple antenna.\\nYou could be able to increase the signal of the antenna by wrapping the exposed end of the coaxial cable in aluminum foil.\\n1-2. Try putting an unbent paper clip directly into the coaxial port on your TV.\\nUse a jumbo-sized paper clip to get the most channels from your television. Unbend the paper clip by hand or with a pair of pliers until it has an L-shape. Push the short end of the unbent paper clip into the small hole in the coaxial port on your TV. Once your antenna is in place, you’ll be able to receive a few TV channels.\\nA paper clip antenna works best if it’s near a window.\\nAttach the antenna to a coaxial splitter and then run a coaxial cord from it to your TV is you want to extend the range more.\\n1-3. Create an FM radio antenna by stripping the end from an ethernet cord.\\nUse a pair of scissors to cut off one end of an ethernet cord. Strip about 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm) of the insulation off of the ethernet cord so the wires are exposed underneath. Twist the wires together by hand as tightly as you can so they come to a point at the end. Plug the other end of the ethernet cord into your radio receiver and hold the antenna up to receive your stations.\\n2. Making an HDTV Antenna\\n2-1. Cut 8 pieces of copper wire that are each 17 inches (43 cm).\\nGet 12-gauge uninsulated copper wire to make your antenna. Measure out 8 separate pieces that are 17 inches (43 cm) long and mark the lengths with a marker. Use a pair of wire cutters to snip the wires on your marks so you have 8 pieces.\\nYou can get uninsulated wire from your local hardware store.\\n2-2. Bend the wires into V-shaped ears so the ends are 3 in (7.6 cm) apart.\\nYou can bend the wire by hand or use a pair of pliers if it’s easier. Grab the ends of one piece of wire and bend it in half so the ends touch one another. Unbend the wire so it looks like a V-shape and the ends are 3 inches (7.6 cm) apart. Repeat the process with the rest of the wire pieces.\\nBending the wires helps them pick up frequencies better so you get a clearer image.\\n2-3. Drill holes every 8 in (20 cm) on the sides of a 32 in (81 cm) board.\\nPut a drill bit in your drill that has a diameter ⁄8 in (0.32 cm) smaller than the screws you plan on using. Position the first hole on a 32 in (81 cm) board so it’s along the longest side and 1 inch (2.5 cm) down from the end. Continue adding holes every 8 inches (20 cm) down the length of the board before drilling holes on the other side.\\nMake sure the holes are in line with one another so the antenna ears are directly across from one another.\\nDon’t drill completely through the board or else the screws may not stay secure later on.\\n2-4. Feed screws and washers into the holes you just drilled.\\nLine up the centers of the metal washers with the holes you just drilled in the wood. Feed the ends of ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) wood screws into the holes and turn them clockwise by hand. Continue turning the screws until they’re stuck in the piece of wood.\\nDon’t tighten the screws completely since you still need to fit wires underneath each of the washers.\\n2-5. Wrap the antenna ears around the screws so the ends point out.\\nLift one of the washers up so it’s pressed against the top of the screw. Position one of the antenna ears you bent underneath the washer so the ends point out and away from the piece of wood. Make sure the bend in the wire is pulled tightly against the base of the screw so it doesn’t move or shift around. Repeat the process for the other screws.\\nIn total, you’ll have 4 antenna ears on each side of the wooden board.\\nDon’t let the individual antenna ears touch one another since it could negatively affect the signal strength.\\n2-6. Thread 34 inches (86 cm) wires between the ears so they zig-zag.\\nCut 2 pieces of your copper wire to 34 in (86 cm) lengths. Wrap the end of the wire once around the topmost screw on the left side of the board. Guide the wire around the second and third screw from the top on the right side of the board. Bend the wire back toward the left side of the board so it goes underneath the bottom left washer. Add the other wire so it starts on the top right screw, crosses and goes around the second and third screws on the left, and ends on the bottom right screw.\\nThese wires are known as the “phasing bars” and they connect the antenna ears to help boost the frequency between them so you receive a better image.\\n2-7. Tighten the screws so the washer holds the wires in place.\\nUse a screwdriver to finish tightening the screws on your board. Continue turning them clockwise so the washers press down on the wires underneath them and hold the wires securely against the wood. Lightly pull on the wires to make sure they don’t come loose.\\nIf the wires pull out or come loose from under the washers, reposition the wires and continue tightening the screws.\\nMake sure none of the antenna ears touch one another after you tighten the screws or else the signal won’t be as clear.\\n2-8. Tape the sections of the phasing bars where the wires intersect to separate them.\\nThere will be 2 points in the middle of the board where the phasing bars intersect one another. Wrap a piece of electrical tape around each of the wires at the intersection to prevent them from touching one another. Tape the other intersection the same way to keep the wires separate.\\nIf the phasing bar wires touch, it could cause the channels to look fuzzy or short out the antenna.\\n2-9. Solder\\nAn impedance-matching transformer (IMT) has a coaxial port that connects to your TV and 2 end wires that attach to the phasing bars on the antenna. Position the IMT in the middle of the antenna and bend the ends out so they touch the wires of the phasing bars. Heat up a soldering iron, and solder the ends of the IMT so they’re secured to phasing bar wires. Let the solder dry for about a minute before continuing.\\nYou can buy an IMT from an electronics or hardware store.\\nDon’t touch a soldering iron while it’s hot, or else you could burn yourself.\\n2-10. Connect a coaxial cable to the end of the IMT.\\nCoaxial cables are standard for attaching your TV to an antenna or cable signal so the image appears clearly on screen. Screw the end of a coaxial cable directly into the port on the IMT until it’s hand-tight. Attach the other end of the coaxial cable to the port on the back of your TV to connect it.\\n2-11. Position your antenna until you get a clear TV image.\\nKeep the antenna vertical so you can get the best signal. Turn on your TV so you can look at the image, and move the antenna around your room until you get a clear picture on the TV. Cycle through the channels to see what’s available from your new antenna.\\nYou may need to reposition the antenna often depending on the channel and signal strength.\\nDon’t put your antenna outside since there is exposed wiring and you could cause it to short out.\\nThe channels you receive will vary depending on your location and the strength of the signal.\\n3. Constructing an FM Radio Antenna\\n3-1. Divide 468 by the frequency you want to tune into to find the antenna length.\\nIn order to receive the best signal from a radio frequency, you need to find the correct length for your antenna. Choose an FM radio station you listen to the most to choose as the main frequency you’re trying to receive. Divide the number 468 by the frequency to find the total length in feet for the antenna you need.\\nFor example, if you want to receive the frequency 98.3, you would calculate: 468/98.3 = 4.76 feet (1.45 m). You will receive the best signal on 98.3 if the antenna is 4.76 feet (1.45 m) long.\\n3-2. Cut an aluminum pole to the antenna length.\\nGet an aluminum pole with a ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) diameter so you can make your antenna and mark the length you need with a marker or pencil. Hold the pole securely in place while you cut through the mark with a hacksaw. Work slowly so you don’t damage the pole or saw while you’re cutting.\\nYou can buy aluminum poles from your local hardware store. You may be able to ask the employees to cut the pole to size for you as well.\\nIt doesn’t matter if the pole you use is solid aluminum or hollow.\\nIf you don’t have an aluminum pole, you can also use an old broomstick as well.\\n3-3. Split a speaker wire down the middle to separate the cables.\\nSpeaker wire has 2 cables that are separately insulated from one another. Use a utility knife to carefully slice through the seam between the 2 cables to separate them. Take one of the cables in each hand and slowly pull them apart. Continue separating the cables until they’re each 1 foot (30 cm) longer than half the antenna length.\\nFor example, if your antenna length is 5 feet (1.5 m), each of your cables should be 3 ⁄2 feet (1.1 m) long.\\nSecure a zip tie around the speaker wire if you don’t want the cables to separate further.\\n3-4. Strip 1 in (2.5 cm) off the ends of the cables.\\nClamp a pair of wire strippers around the last 1 inch (2.5 cm) of one of your speaker cables. Squeeze the handles tightly together, and pull the strippers up toward the end to remove the insulation. Repeat the process for the other speaker cable so both ends are exposed.\\nStripping the ends of the cables allows the radio frequencies to enter them so they can transmit a signal.\\n3-5. Wrap the cables around the pole starting from the center.\\nPlace the section of the speaker wire that splits against the middle of the aluminum rod. Take one side of the speaker cable and wrap it tightly around the rod. Leave enough space in between each of the coils so the exposed wire at the end of the cable is still able to reach the end of the pole. Repeat the process with the other cable on the opposite side of the rod.\\nMake sure to coil the wire in the same direction or else the radio frequency may not come in clearly.\\nIt doesn’t matter how many coils your antenna has as long as the wire is tight against the rod.\\n3-6. Tape the ends of the speaker wires to the ends of the pole.\\nHold one end of the speaker cable against the end of your aluminum rod so the exposed wire is flush with the edge. Wrap a piece of electrical tape around the wire so the end is still exposed, or else you won’t be able to receive frequencies. Tape the other end of the cable to the opposite side of the rod so it doesn’t uncoil.\\nYou can tape multiple places along the rod if your coils are coming loose. Just leave the ends of the wires exposed.\\n3-7. Hang the antenna vertically near a window.\\nThe FM radio antenna works best when you stand the rod upright. Find a location that’s close to your radio receiver and near a window so you can get the strongest signal. Position a pipe straps every 12–18 inches (30–46 cm) along the rod and nail them into place on your wall to secure the antenna.\\nDon’t attach the antenna outside since there are exposed wires and electronics.\\nYou don’t need to attach the antenna to your wall if you don’t want to.\\n3-8. Plug the other end of the speaker wires into your receiver.\\nRun the unsplit end of the speaker wire to the back of your radio receiver, and look for the FM input ports. Push the ends of the speaker wire into the FM port, and turn on your radio to the frequency you made the antenna for. Test other radio stations and frequencies to see if you’re able to pick them up as well.\\nSometimes, the FM port has a coaxial connection. If your receiver uses a coaxial port, then attach the port of an impedance-matching transformer (IMT) to the receiver. Splice the speaker wire onto the 2 ends of the IMT to connect the antenna.\\nWarnings\\nBe careful while working with a soldering iron since it can get hot and cause burns.\\nKeep your antennas inside so they don’t short out or cause damage in inclement weather.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Antennas capture wavelengths in the air and convert them into audio and visual signals that you can watch on TV or listen to on the radio. If you want to build your own antenna to tune into frequencies better, all you need are a few tools and supplies. TV antennas require multiple extensions, or ears, to transmit channels to your television while FM radio antennas only require 2 ears to maximize the frequency. When you’re finished with your antenna, mount it somewhere in your home so you can attach it to your receivers.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Creating a Simple Antenna\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Strip the insulation off the end of a coaxial cable to create a simple antenna.\", \"描述\": \"Get a coaxial cable that’s long enough to go from your TV to the nearest window so you can get the best reception. Use a pair of wire strippers to remove the last 6 inches (15 cm) of insulation from the end of the coaxial cord. Once the wire inside is exposed, straighten it out by hand and put it vertically near your window. Run the other end of the cord to the port on your TV to attach the antenna.\\nYou may only get 5-10 channels using a simple antenna.\\nYou could be able to increase the signal of the antenna by wrapping the exposed end of the coaxial cable in aluminum foil.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try putting an unbent paper clip directly into the coaxial port on your TV.\", \"描述\": \"Use a jumbo-sized paper clip to get the most channels from your television. Unbend the paper clip by hand or with a pair of pliers until it has an L-shape. Push the short end of the unbent paper clip into the small hole in the coaxial port on your TV. Once your antenna is in place, you’ll be able to receive a few TV channels.\\nA paper clip antenna works best if it’s near a window.\\nAttach the antenna to a coaxial splitter and then run a coaxial cord from it to your TV is you want to extend the range more.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Create an FM radio antenna by stripping the end from an ethernet cord.\", \"描述\": \"Use a pair of scissors to cut off one end of an ethernet cord. Strip about 2–3 inches (5.1–7.6 cm) of the insulation off of the ethernet cord so the wires are exposed underneath. Twist the wires together by hand as tightly as you can so they come to a point at the end. Plug the other end of the ethernet cord into your radio receiver and hold the antenna up to receive your stations.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Making an HDTV Antenna\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cut 8 pieces of copper wire that are each 17 inches (43 cm).\", \"描述\": \"Get 12-gauge uninsulated copper wire to make your antenna. Measure out 8 separate pieces that are 17 inches (43 cm) long and mark the lengths with a marker. Use a pair of wire cutters to snip the wires on your marks so you have 8 pieces.\\nYou can get uninsulated wire from your local hardware store.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Bend the wires into V-shaped ears so the ends are 3 in (7.6 cm) apart.\", \"描述\": \"You can bend the wire by hand or use a pair of pliers if it’s easier. Grab the ends of one piece of wire and bend it in half so the ends touch one another. Unbend the wire so it looks like a V-shape and the ends are 3 inches (7.6 cm) apart. Repeat the process with the rest of the wire pieces.\\nBending the wires helps them pick up frequencies better so you get a clearer image.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Drill holes every 8 in (20 cm) on the sides of a 32 in (81 cm) board.\", \"描述\": \"Put a drill bit in your drill that has a diameter ⁄8 in (0.32 cm) smaller than the screws you plan on using. Position the first hole on a 32 in (81 cm) board so it’s along the longest side and 1 inch (2.5 cm) down from the end. Continue adding holes every 8 inches (20 cm) down the length of the board before drilling holes on the other side.\\nMake sure the holes are in line with one another so the antenna ears are directly across from one another.\\nDon’t drill completely through the board or else the screws may not stay secure later on.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Feed screws and washers into the holes you just drilled.\", \"描述\": \"Line up the centers of the metal washers with the holes you just drilled in the wood. Feed the ends of ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) wood screws into the holes and turn them clockwise by hand. Continue turning the screws until they’re stuck in the piece of wood.\\nDon’t tighten the screws completely since you still need to fit wires underneath each of the washers.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wrap the antenna ears around the screws so the ends point out.\", \"描述\": \"Lift one of the washers up so it’s pressed against the top of the screw. Position one of the antenna ears you bent underneath the washer so the ends point out and away from the piece of wood. Make sure the bend in the wire is pulled tightly against the base of the screw so it doesn’t move or shift around. Repeat the process for the other screws.\\nIn total, you’ll have 4 antenna ears on each side of the wooden board.\\nDon’t let the individual antenna ears touch one another since it could negatively affect the signal strength.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Thread 34 inches (86 cm) wires between the ears so they zig-zag.\", \"描述\": \"Cut 2 pieces of your copper wire to 34 in (86 cm) lengths. Wrap the end of the wire once around the topmost screw on the left side of the board. Guide the wire around the second and third screw from the top on the right side of the board. Bend the wire back toward the left side of the board so it goes underneath the bottom left washer. Add the other wire so it starts on the top right screw, crosses and goes around the second and third screws on the left, and ends on the bottom right screw.\\nThese wires are known as the “phasing bars” and they connect the antenna ears to help boost the frequency between them so you receive a better image.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Tighten the screws so the washer holds the wires in place.\", \"描述\": \"Use a screwdriver to finish tightening the screws on your board. Continue turning them clockwise so the washers press down on the wires underneath them and hold the wires securely against the wood. Lightly pull on the wires to make sure they don’t come loose.\\nIf the wires pull out or come loose from under the washers, reposition the wires and continue tightening the screws.\\nMake sure none of the antenna ears touch one another after you tighten the screws or else the signal won’t be as clear.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Tape the sections of the phasing bars where the wires intersect to separate them.\", \"描述\": \"There will be 2 points in the middle of the board where the phasing bars intersect one another. Wrap a piece of electrical tape around each of the wires at the intersection to prevent them from touching one another. Tape the other intersection the same way to keep the wires separate.\\nIf the phasing bar wires touch, it could cause the channels to look fuzzy or short out the antenna.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Solder\", \"描述\": \"An impedance-matching transformer (IMT) has a coaxial port that connects to your TV and 2 end wires that attach to the phasing bars on the antenna. Position the IMT in the middle of the antenna and bend the ends out so they touch the wires of the phasing bars. Heat up a soldering iron, and solder the ends of the IMT so they’re secured to phasing bar wires. Let the solder dry for about a minute before continuing.\\nYou can buy an IMT from an electronics or hardware store.\\nDon’t touch a soldering iron while it’s hot, or else you could burn yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Connect a coaxial cable to the end of the IMT.\", \"描述\": \"Coaxial cables are standard for attaching your TV to an antenna or cable signal so the image appears clearly on screen. Screw the end of a coaxial cable directly into the port on the IMT until it’s hand-tight. Attach the other end of the coaxial cable to the port on the back of your TV to connect it.\"}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Position your antenna until you get a clear TV image.\", \"描述\": \"Keep the antenna vertical so you can get the best signal. Turn on your TV so you can look at the image, and move the antenna around your room until you get a clear picture on the TV. Cycle through the channels to see what’s available from your new antenna.\\nYou may need to reposition the antenna often depending on the channel and signal strength.\\nDon’t put your antenna outside since there is exposed wiring and you could cause it to short out.\\nThe channels you receive will vary depending on your location and the strength of the signal.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Constructing an FM Radio Antenna\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Divide 468 by the frequency you want to tune into to find the antenna length.\", \"描述\": \"In order to receive the best signal from a radio frequency, you need to find the correct length for your antenna. Choose an FM radio station you listen to the most to choose as the main frequency you’re trying to receive. Divide the number 468 by the frequency to find the total length in feet for the antenna you need.\\nFor example, if you want to receive the frequency 98.3, you would calculate: 468/98.3 = 4.76 feet (1.45 m). You will receive the best signal on 98.3 if the antenna is 4.76 feet (1.45 m) long.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cut an aluminum pole to the antenna length.\", \"描述\": \"Get an aluminum pole with a ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) diameter so you can make your antenna and mark the length you need with a marker or pencil. Hold the pole securely in place while you cut through the mark with a hacksaw. Work slowly so you don’t damage the pole or saw while you’re cutting.\\nYou can buy aluminum poles from your local hardware store. You may be able to ask the employees to cut the pole to size for you as well.\\nIt doesn’t matter if the pole you use is solid aluminum or hollow.\\nIf you don’t have an aluminum pole, you can also use an old broomstick as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Split a speaker wire down the middle to separate the cables.\", \"描述\": \"Speaker wire has 2 cables that are separately insulated from one another. Use a utility knife to carefully slice through the seam between the 2 cables to separate them. Take one of the cables in each hand and slowly pull them apart. Continue separating the cables until they’re each 1 foot (30 cm) longer than half the antenna length.\\nFor example, if your antenna length is 5 feet (1.5 m), each of your cables should be 3 ⁄2 feet (1.1 m) long.\\nSecure a zip tie around the speaker wire if you don’t want the cables to separate further.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Strip 1 in (2.5 cm) off the ends of the cables.\", \"描述\": \"Clamp a pair of wire strippers around the last 1 inch (2.5 cm) of one of your speaker cables. Squeeze the handles tightly together, and pull the strippers up toward the end to remove the insulation. Repeat the process for the other speaker cable so both ends are exposed.\\nStripping the ends of the cables allows the radio frequencies to enter them so they can transmit a signal.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Wrap the cables around the pole starting from the center.\", \"描述\": \"Place the section of the speaker wire that splits against the middle of the aluminum rod. Take one side of the speaker cable and wrap it tightly around the rod. Leave enough space in between each of the coils so the exposed wire at the end of the cable is still able to reach the end of the pole. Repeat the process with the other cable on the opposite side of the rod.\\nMake sure to coil the wire in the same direction or else the radio frequency may not come in clearly.\\nIt doesn’t matter how many coils your antenna has as long as the wire is tight against the rod.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Tape the ends of the speaker wires to the ends of the pole.\", \"描述\": \"Hold one end of the speaker cable against the end of your aluminum rod so the exposed wire is flush with the edge. Wrap a piece of electrical tape around the wire so the end is still exposed, or else you won’t be able to receive frequencies. Tape the other end of the cable to the opposite side of the rod so it doesn’t uncoil.\\nYou can tape multiple places along the rod if your coils are coming loose. Just leave the ends of the wires exposed.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Hang the antenna vertically near a window.\", \"描述\": \"The FM radio antenna works best when you stand the rod upright. Find a location that’s close to your radio receiver and near a window so you can get the strongest signal. Position a pipe straps every 12–18 inches (30–46 cm) along the rod and nail them into place on your wall to secure the antenna.\\nDon’t attach the antenna outside since there are exposed wires and electronics.\\nYou don’t need to attach the antenna to your wall if you don’t want to.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Plug the other end of the speaker wires into your receiver.\", \"描述\": \"Run the unsplit end of the speaker wire to the back of your radio receiver, and look for the FM input ports. Push the ends of the speaker wire into the FM port, and turn on your radio to the frequency you made the antenna for. Test other radio stations and frequencies to see if you’re able to pick them up as well.\\nSometimes, the FM port has a coaxial connection. If your receiver uses a coaxial port, then attach the port of an impedance-matching transformer (IMT) to the receiver. Splice the speaker wire onto the 2 ends of the IMT to connect the antenna.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Be careful while working with a soldering iron since it can get hot and cause burns.\\n\", \"Keep your antennas inside so they don’t short out or cause damage in inclement weather.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,089 |
How to Build Arm Strength Without Equipment
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1. Doing Common Exercises
1-1. Do some pushups.
These will help you to build upper arm strength. Just do them in moderation, and keep it in daily motions.
You can try a variety of different push-ups, like incline, decline, wide-grip, close-grip, and pseudo plank.
You can also try a pike push-up, which is a scaled-back version of a handstand push-up.
1-2. Incorporate simple cardio.
Just throw in one or two 15-20 minute jogs or something similar every or every other day. Getting your muscles and body fit as well will help you to get upper arm strength much easier.
1-3. Do sit-ups.
They will help your stomach to get toned and make it easier when you're working on building upper arm strength, through exercises such as push-ups.
1-4. Try simple arm tricks.
You can use some tricks such as holding a full roll of duck-tape in one hand, with your arm out-stretched until you can't hold it anymore. This tip is highly recommended by the Navy.
1-5. Include physical activity in your daily regime.
This will help you all-around get in shape, which will, in the end, make strengthening your upper muscles quite easier.
2. Using Pilates Techniques
2-1. Do arm circles.
Hold your arms out in a straight horizontal line. Rotate them in small circles, or for a harder exercise, make the circles larger.
2-2. Do goalpost punchers.
Have each arm form a ninety degree angle, facing upwards. Then, flip them upside down and straighten them out. Repeat, making the motions as quick as possible.
2-3. Do shoulder pulses.
Hold your arms out in a straight horizontal line and jerk them up very slightly, then back down. Repeat.
2-4. Do back behinds.
Hold your arms out in a straight horizontal line. Pull them in so they form an upside down triangle, making sure your biceps are slightly behind your back. Repeat.
2-5. Do triangle pushes.
Place your arms in a position where when put together, they make a long triangle. Push them out so they are straight in front of you and parallel. Repeat.
2-6. Do prayer pulses.
Put your hands and arms in a straight, vertical position so they are pressed against one another and shoulder level. Raise them up, then lower to shoulder level. Repeat.
Tips
Try to do it in moderation. Try not to stress yourself, nor give up. Try to set goals, and when you accomplish that goal, reward yourself with a sweet snack, or with a new top or set of golf clubs.
Try not to stress yourself, nor give up
Try to set goals, and when you accomplish that goal, reward yourself with a sweet snack, or with a new top or set of golf clubs.
Warnings
Be sure to take your time and don't stress yourself.
Always do some sort of warm-up exercise before trying anything serious.
Be sure not to strain yourself and stay hydrated.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Doing Common Exercises\\n1-1. Do some pushups.\\nThese will help you to build upper arm strength. Just do them in moderation, and keep it in daily motions.\\nYou can try a variety of different push-ups, like incline, decline, wide-grip, close-grip, and pseudo plank.\\nYou can also try a pike push-up, which is a scaled-back version of a handstand push-up.\\n1-2. Incorporate simple cardio.\\nJust throw in one or two 15-20 minute jogs or something similar every or every other day. Getting your muscles and body fit as well will help you to get upper arm strength much easier.\\n1-3. Do sit-ups.\\nThey will help your stomach to get toned and make it easier when you're working on building upper arm strength, through exercises such as push-ups.\\n1-4. Try simple arm tricks.\\nYou can use some tricks such as holding a full roll of duck-tape in one hand, with your arm out-stretched until you can't hold it anymore. This tip is highly recommended by the Navy.\\n1-5. Include physical activity in your daily regime.\\nThis will help you all-around get in shape, which will, in the end, make strengthening your upper muscles quite easier.\\n2. Using Pilates Techniques\\n2-1. Do arm circles.\\nHold your arms out in a straight horizontal line. Rotate them in small circles, or for a harder exercise, make the circles larger.\\n2-2. Do goalpost punchers.\\nHave each arm form a ninety degree angle, facing upwards. Then, flip them upside down and straighten them out. Repeat, making the motions as quick as possible.\\n2-3. Do shoulder pulses.\\nHold your arms out in a straight horizontal line and jerk them up very slightly, then back down. Repeat.\\n2-4. Do back behinds.\\nHold your arms out in a straight horizontal line. Pull them in so they form an upside down triangle, making sure your biceps are slightly behind your back. Repeat.\\n2-5. Do triangle pushes.\\nPlace your arms in a position where when put together, they make a long triangle. Push them out so they are straight in front of you and parallel. Repeat.\\n2-6. Do prayer pulses.\\nPut your hands and arms in a straight, vertical position so they are pressed against one another and shoulder level. Raise them up, then lower to shoulder level. Repeat.\\nTips\\nTry to do it in moderation. Try not to stress yourself, nor give up. Try to set goals, and when you accomplish that goal, reward yourself with a sweet snack, or with a new top or set of golf clubs.\\nTry not to stress yourself, nor give up\\nTry to set goals, and when you accomplish that goal, reward yourself with a sweet snack, or with a new top or set of golf clubs.\\nWarnings\\nBe sure to take your time and don't stress yourself.\\nAlways do some sort of warm-up exercise before trying anything serious.\\nBe sure not to strain yourself and stay hydrated.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Many of us want to gain upper arm strength, but not everybody has that expensive equipment, or access or the time to go to the gym. Read on to learn about new methods to build upper arm strength, without having to go out and invest in all sorts of equipment, or being told to go to the gym.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Doing Common Exercises\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do some pushups.\", \"描述\": \"These will help you to build upper arm strength. Just do them in moderation, and keep it in daily motions.\\nYou can try a variety of different push-ups, like incline, decline, wide-grip, close-grip, and pseudo plank.\\nYou can also try a pike push-up, which is a scaled-back version of a handstand push-up.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Incorporate simple cardio.\", \"描述\": \"Just throw in one or two 15-20 minute jogs or something similar every or every other day. Getting your muscles and body fit as well will help you to get upper arm strength much easier.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do sit-ups.\", \"描述\": \"They will help your stomach to get toned and make it easier when you're working on building upper arm strength, through exercises such as push-ups.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try simple arm tricks.\", \"描述\": \"You can use some tricks such as holding a full roll of duck-tape in one hand, with your arm out-stretched until you can't hold it anymore. This tip is highly recommended by the Navy.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Include physical activity in your daily regime.\", \"描述\": \"This will help you all-around get in shape, which will, in the end, make strengthening your upper muscles quite easier.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Pilates Techniques\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do arm circles.\", \"描述\": \"Hold your arms out in a straight horizontal line. Rotate them in small circles, or for a harder exercise, make the circles larger.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do goalpost punchers.\", \"描述\": \"Have each arm form a ninety degree angle, facing upwards. Then, flip them upside down and straighten them out. Repeat, making the motions as quick as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do shoulder pulses.\", \"描述\": \"Hold your arms out in a straight horizontal line and jerk them up very slightly, then back down. Repeat.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do back behinds.\", \"描述\": \"Hold your arms out in a straight horizontal line. Pull them in so they form an upside down triangle, making sure your biceps are slightly behind your back. Repeat.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do triangle pushes.\", \"描述\": \"Place your arms in a position where when put together, they make a long triangle. Push them out so they are straight in front of you and parallel. Repeat.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Do prayer pulses.\", \"描述\": \"Put your hands and arms in a straight, vertical position so they are pressed against one another and shoulder level. Raise them up, then lower to shoulder level. Repeat.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Try to do it in moderation. Try not to stress yourself, nor give up. Try to set goals, and when you accomplish that goal, reward yourself with a sweet snack, or with a new top or set of golf clubs.\\n\", \"Try not to stress yourself, nor give up\\n\", \"Try to set goals, and when you accomplish that goal, reward yourself with a sweet snack, or with a new top or set of golf clubs.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be sure to take your time and don't stress yourself.\\n\", \"Always do some sort of warm-up exercise before trying anything serious.\\n\", \"Be sure not to strain yourself and stay hydrated.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,090 |
How to Build Arms Fast
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1. Arm Workout Schedule
2. Hitting Major Arm Muscle Groups
2-1. Plan an aggressive workout schedule.
To build powerful arms, most fitness resources will recommend beginning a weightlifting regimen with plenty of upper-body exercises. Weightlifting is a form of exercise that's set at the participant's pace — the more time and energy you put into it, the better results you'll get out of it. While there's no single "correct" way build your arms through weightlifting, in general, it's wise to keep the following tips in mind for optimal results:
Aim to lift weights most days every week. An ambitious weightlifting regimen will usually schedule weight training exercise for about five days per week, leaving two days for rest or cardio exercise. The more recent studies are showing that you can go as many as 32 sets per week and get great results. You can divide that up any way you want. You could do it all in one day and rest for six more days, or you could split it up three ways and do it three times a week.
Try to avoid exercising the same muscle group two days in a row — to grow, muscles need time to rest and repair the damage from an exercise session. For instance, if you exercise your triceps one day, focus on your chest the next day.
Don't focus solely on your arms. Doing so over a long period of time will give you a bizarre, lopsided appearance — beefy arms, but scrawny core and lower body muscles. A good policy is to exercise your legs and core on at least two days per week.
2-2. Exercise your biceps.
When it comes to getting big, muscular arms, many people have one specific muscle group in mind: the biceps. It's easy to see why this is — the stereotypical image of the body builder is a muscular man hunched over at a bench performing curls with a massive dumbbell. While the biceps aren't usually the strongest muscles in the upper body (or even in the arm), there's no denying that this muscle group is important for a variety of physical tasks, like lifting, pulling, and stabilizing heavy weights. Below are just a few exercises to help you start feeling the burn in your biceps:
Barbell/Dumbbell Curls: Stand holding a weighted barbell (or one dumbbell in each hand) at your waist with an underhand grip. Carefully raise the weight up to chest-level as you keep your elbows tucked at your sides, then lower it. Repeat.
Hammer Curls: This exercise targets the crucial "long head" (biceps brachii) muscle, which is responsible for the much-coveted "bump" or "peak" on the upper arm. Perform as if doing dumbbell curls, but hold the dumbbells so that your palms are facing each other, rather than with an underhand grip. Your arm motion should resemble the slowed-down swinging of a hammer.
See our biceps article for more exercises.
2-3. Hit your triceps.
Though they sometimes receive less attention than their neighboring biceps muscles, the triceps are usually regarded as more important in terms of both muscle mass and overall strength. Be sure to give just as much attention (if not more) to your triceps as you give to your biceps — if you want big, muscular arms, you'll be doing yourself a disservice by not doing so. Below are just a few great triceps exercises:
Triceps Extensions: In a standing position, hold a dumbbell in both hands behind your head with your elbows bent near the sides of your head. Lift the dumbbell up and over your head, taking care not to hit the back of your head. Lower the weight back to the starting position and repeat.
Dips: Support yourself between two parallel level bars or at the edge of a bench using your arms. Slowly lower yourself to the point where your upper arms are level with the floor, then lift yourself back up without twisting or jerking. Repeat.
See our triceps article for more exercises.
2-4. Pump up your shoulders.
A broad, muscular set of shoulders is often seen as a very attractive trait. In addition, the shoulder muscles (or deltoids) are important for a variety of physical tasks like lifting, throwing, and keeping the relatively unstable shoulder joint free from injury. Below are just a few shoulder exercises you may want to consider:
Military Presses: In a standing or sitting position, bring a weighted barbell up to the chest level using a medium-wide overhand grip. Slowly raise the weight in front of your face and up over your head. Lower the bar to roughly chin level and repeat.
Lateral Dumbbell Raises: Stand holding one dumbbell in each hand. Slowly raise your arms in an arc out to your side, leading with your elbows. When your arms are roughly parallel to the floor, slowly lower them back down and repeat. You may angle your arms forward or backward to work the front or back of your shoulders.
Overhead lifts: This full-body exercise targets the shoulders as well as the hips, legs, and back. Standing with a weighted barbell on the floor in front of you, carefully perform a deadlift to raise it to about waist level. Lift the weight up to your chest (taking care not to use uncontrolled movements) and perform a Military Press (see above) to lift it over your head. Reverse these movements to lower the weight back to the floor and repeat.
2-5. Beef up your chest.
Though the chest muscles aren't technically part of your arm, strong arms look unappealing next to a flabby chest, so this area is a must for anyone interested in beefing up their arms. Plus, arm muscles like the triceps often play a supporting role in many chest exercises. Though it's widely-known, the bench press isn't the only way to work out your chest — see the list below for information on this and other chest exercises:
Bench Presses: Lay with your back flat on an exercise bench. Carefully lift a weighted barbell (or two dumbbells) up away from your chest until your arms are extended, then lower the weight back down and repeat. Be sure to use a spotter to avoid serious injury when dealing with heavy weights.
Chest Flies: Lay on your back on the floor or an exercise bench with a dumbbell in each hand. Position each arm out to the side, then bring your arms together in front of your chest in a wide, smooth arc. Lower your arms back to their starting position and repeat — you should look a little like you're "flapping" a pair of wings.
See our chest article for more exercises.
2-6. Don't neglect your back and lat muscles.
Strictly speaking, the lats (latissimus dorsi muscles) and back muscles aren't part of your arms. However, nearly every weightlifter looking to get big, muscular arms will make sure to devote time to these muscle groups as well. This is partly for aesthetic reasons (strong arms don't pair well with weak back and lat muscles), but it's also because the back and lats are supporting muscles in many exercises that are used to strengthen the arms as well. Below are just a few exercises you can do to target these important groups:
Seated Rows: Sit on a bench in front of a horizontal cable set up or elastic band. Carefully pull the cable or band toward you, making sure to keep your back straight in an upright but slightly reclined posture. Squeeze the muscles between your shoulder blades as you complete the full range of motion. Be sure not to hunch or bend in your back as you do this exercise — this can lead to back injury.
Inverted Rows: Lay with your back on the floor under a low horizontal bar. Grab the bar and slowly pull yourself up toward it (keeping your feet on the ground) until the bar is nearly touching your chest. Lower yourself back down and repeat.
Chin Ups/Pull Ups: There are a huge variety of exercises you can do hanging from a horizontal bar. To do a basic chin up, hold the bar with an underhand grip and slowly raise your body up to the bar until it is near your chest. Lower yourself down and repeat.
2-7. Spend time on your forearms for a well-toned look.
Well-toned forearms are the "cherry on top" of a chiseled upper body. Though they're important for hand and grip strength (which can be important for some athletes, like rock climbers), many weightlifters simply work out their forearms to look good. Try the simple exercise below for a basic forearm workout:
Barbell Wrist Curls: Sit at a bench holding a weighted barbell with your forearms resting on your thighs. Raise the barbell as high as it can go using only the muscles in your hands and forearms, then let these muscles relax to let the weight hang as low as it can. Repeat. For a complete workout, try reversing your grip with each set.
3. Encouraging Fast Muscle Growth
3-1. Consider prioritizing weight over reps.
Getting your muscles tired day after day will eventually lead to increased muscle strength and growth no matter how you do it (as long as you're eating enough for your body to be able to build muscle.) However, if you're interested in big, bulky muscles, it's usually recommended that you focus on performing a few repetitions of each exercise at a high weight (rather than performing many repetitions at a low weight.) For instance, most weightlifting resources attest that, if all other factors are equal, knocking out three to six heavy reps will give you bigger muscles than doing 15-20 lighter reps.
On the other hand, some weight trainers (including Arnold Schwarzenegger) recommend a more middle-of-the-road approach that uses medium-high resistance levels and a slightly higher number of reps (typically about 30-32 sets per week on each of the muscles.) This offers a healthy balance of strength, definition, and mass over time.
3-2. Use an "explosive" approach to weightlifting.
For the fastest possible muscle growth, put all of your energy into your lift! Research has shown that so-called "explosive" weightlifting — that is, weightlifting exercises where the lifter tries to lift the weight up as quickly as possible — can cause muscle (and strength) to grow faster than with an ordinary approach. Explosive training helps your body "power through" weak spots in your range of motion by teaching your muscles to contract quicker, making this a valuable strategy for anyone aiming to build muscle quickly.
However, it's always important to use good form, so don't let your goal of being "explosive" distract you from your ability to lift the weight smoothly through its full range of motion. Never use bending, twisting, or jerking motions to lift a weight — this can cause painful, long-lasting injury.
3-3. Consider the benefits of free weights over machines.
It's possible to get big, powerful muscles with nearly any form of resistance training as long as your exercise allows you to move through a full range of motion and provides adequate challenge. However, many weightlifting resources recommend free weights (like barbells, dumbbells, and so on) over exercise machines. Free weights better mimic real-life physical tasks and allow stabilizing muscles to be trained at the same time as the main muscles being isolated, making them preferable to many (though, with bad form, the potential for injury is often higher than with machines.)
Body weight exercises (like pushups, crunches, pullups, dips, and so on) are usually considered happy middle ground — they offer lots of potential for muscle growth while keeping the risk for injury low.
3-4. Avoid spending too much energy on cardio.
Cardio exercise isn't bad for you — in fact, it's a great way to increase your endurance and burn calories, something that weightlifting isn't really good at — but if you're trying to build muscle, it can be counterproductive. Spending lots of energy on exercises like running, cycling, swimming, and so on reduces the amount of energy you'll have leftover to build muscle. Thus, for muscle-building purposes, you'll generally want to limit serious cardio exercise to once or twice per week at most.
If you love cardio, consider substituting lower-intensity exercises like walking and hiking as opposed to higher-intensity ones like swimming or running.
3-5. Start eating healthy.
To build muscle, you've got to give your body plenty of healthy fuel for growth. In general, a muscle-building diet will be high in lean protein sources, with reasonable amounts of healthy fats and carbohydrates. Vegetables and fruits can provide much-needed vitamins and minerals, while sugary foods and overly-fatty dishes are to be kept to a minimum. Try including plenty of the following foods in your diet — ideally, you'll want to get about 40-50% of your calories from protein, 40-50% from carbs, and 10-20% from fats:
Protein: Lean meats, like chicken, turkey, most fish, egg whites, and lean cuts of pork and beef. Plant products like legumes, soy (tofu), broccoli, spinach, tempeh, and seitan can provide plenty of healthy protein. Lean dairy (like Greek-style yogurt) is also a good source of protein. Finally, many weight lifters recommend protein supplements and powders.
Carbohydrates: Whole grain bread/pasta products, brown rice, oats, quinoa, starchy vegetables like yams and potatoes. Green and/or fibrous vegetables like broccoli, celery, peas, and so on are also good choices.
Fats: Avocados, nuts, cheeses, and light, healthy oils (like canola and sunflower oil) can provide valuable energy and nutrients.
3-6. Drink enough water every day.
Water can help keep you refreshed and full of energy for your workout. Even better, it's a zero calorie way to help alleviate the cravings that can accompany a healthy new diet. Most nutrition resources recommend drinking half a gallon (about two liters) of water per day. However, with sweating and strenuous exercise, this amount can easily be more.
3-7. Get plenty of rest.
When it comes to bodybuilding, the time you spend outside of the gym is just as important as the time you spend inside the gym. For maximum muscle-building results, be sure to give your body a chance to recover after every workout. Avoid overtaxing your muscles (which can lead to injury or burnout) by training different muscle groups on different days. You may even want to have one or two days in your weekly schedule devoted entirely to rest — it's up to you.
In addition, a full night's rest is crucial for a healthy muscle group. While everyone's sleep needs are different, most reputable sources recommend about seven to nine hours of sleep every day for adults.
Proper rest can prevent injuries, like a bicep tear, which could save you weeks or months of recovery time in the long run.
3-8. Know the dangers of anabolic steroids.
If you're dying for a pair of cut, chiseled arms, "shortcuts" like steroids can certainly be tempting, but they're never a good idea. There's no healthy way to build muscle mass and strength quickly except through strenuous exercise, dedication, and proper nutrition and rest habits. While anabolic steroids can give quick muscle growth, they come with a wide range of unpleasant and even dangerous side-effects, including:
In men: Enlarged breasts, painful erections (priapisms), shrunken testicles, lowered sperm count, infertility, impotence.
In women: Increased face and body hair, irregular menstrual cycles, deepened voices, enlarged clitoris, shrunken breasts.
Acne
Oily skin
Jaundice (yellowed skin)
Mood swings
Paranoid delusions
Occasionally, serious problems like heart attack and certain types of cancer.
Tips
Listen to music while working out.
When you don’t have access to a gym, you can still hit your chest and every part of your triceps using push-ups.
Be determined. Your muscles are not going to develop overnight, but with persistent practice, you'll notice progress within a few weeks to a month.
Warnings
If you ever feel serious pain or exhaustion during a workout, don't "fight through it." Instead, stop immediately and go consult a physician.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Arm Workout Schedule\\n2. Hitting Major Arm Muscle Groups\\n2-1. Plan an aggressive workout schedule.\\nTo build powerful arms, most fitness resources will recommend beginning a weightlifting regimen with plenty of upper-body exercises. Weightlifting is a form of exercise that's set at the participant's pace — the more time and energy you put into it, the better results you'll get out of it. While there's no single \\\"correct\\\" way build your arms through weightlifting, in general, it's wise to keep the following tips in mind for optimal results:\\nAim to lift weights most days every week. An ambitious weightlifting regimen will usually schedule weight training exercise for about five days per week, leaving two days for rest or cardio exercise. The more recent studies are showing that you can go as many as 32 sets per week and get great results. You can divide that up any way you want. You could do it all in one day and rest for six more days, or you could split it up three ways and do it three times a week.\\nTry to avoid exercising the same muscle group two days in a row — to grow, muscles need time to rest and repair the damage from an exercise session. For instance, if you exercise your triceps one day, focus on your chest the next day.\\nDon't focus solely on your arms. Doing so over a long period of time will give you a bizarre, lopsided appearance — beefy arms, but scrawny core and lower body muscles. A good policy is to exercise your legs and core on at least two days per week.\\n2-2. Exercise your biceps.\\nWhen it comes to getting big, muscular arms, many people have one specific muscle group in mind: the biceps. It's easy to see why this is — the stereotypical image of the body builder is a muscular man hunched over at a bench performing curls with a massive dumbbell. While the biceps aren't usually the strongest muscles in the upper body (or even in the arm), there's no denying that this muscle group is important for a variety of physical tasks, like lifting, pulling, and stabilizing heavy weights. Below are just a few exercises to help you start feeling the burn in your biceps:\\n\\nBarbell/Dumbbell Curls: Stand holding a weighted barbell (or one dumbbell in each hand) at your waist with an underhand grip. Carefully raise the weight up to chest-level as you keep your elbows tucked at your sides, then lower it. Repeat.\\nHammer Curls: This exercise targets the crucial \\\"long head\\\" (biceps brachii) muscle, which is responsible for the much-coveted \\\"bump\\\" or \\\"peak\\\" on the upper arm. Perform as if doing dumbbell curls, but hold the dumbbells so that your palms are facing each other, rather than with an underhand grip. Your arm motion should resemble the slowed-down swinging of a hammer.\\nSee our biceps article for more exercises.\\n2-3. Hit your triceps.\\nThough they sometimes receive less attention than their neighboring biceps muscles, the triceps are usually regarded as more important in terms of both muscle mass and overall strength. Be sure to give just as much attention (if not more) to your triceps as you give to your biceps — if you want big, muscular arms, you'll be doing yourself a disservice by not doing so. Below are just a few great triceps exercises:\\nTriceps Extensions: In a standing position, hold a dumbbell in both hands behind your head with your elbows bent near the sides of your head. Lift the dumbbell up and over your head, taking care not to hit the back of your head. Lower the weight back to the starting position and repeat.\\nDips: Support yourself between two parallel level bars or at the edge of a bench using your arms. Slowly lower yourself to the point where your upper arms are level with the floor, then lift yourself back up without twisting or jerking. Repeat.\\nSee our triceps article for more exercises.\\n2-4. Pump up your shoulders.\\nA broad, muscular set of shoulders is often seen as a very attractive trait. In addition, the shoulder muscles (or deltoids) are important for a variety of physical tasks like lifting, throwing, and keeping the relatively unstable shoulder joint free from injury. Below are just a few shoulder exercises you may want to consider:\\n\\nMilitary Presses: In a standing or sitting position, bring a weighted barbell up to the chest level using a medium-wide overhand grip. Slowly raise the weight in front of your face and up over your head. Lower the bar to roughly chin level and repeat.\\nLateral Dumbbell Raises: Stand holding one dumbbell in each hand. Slowly raise your arms in an arc out to your side, leading with your elbows. When your arms are roughly parallel to the floor, slowly lower them back down and repeat. You may angle your arms forward or backward to work the front or back of your shoulders.\\nOverhead lifts: This full-body exercise targets the shoulders as well as the hips, legs, and back. Standing with a weighted barbell on the floor in front of you, carefully perform a deadlift to raise it to about waist level. Lift the weight up to your chest (taking care not to use uncontrolled movements) and perform a Military Press (see above) to lift it over your head. Reverse these movements to lower the weight back to the floor and repeat.\\n2-5. Beef up your chest.\\nThough the chest muscles aren't technically part of your arm, strong arms look unappealing next to a flabby chest, so this area is a must for anyone interested in beefing up their arms. Plus, arm muscles like the triceps often play a supporting role in many chest exercises. Though it's widely-known, the bench press isn't the only way to work out your chest — see the list below for information on this and other chest exercises:\\n\\nBench Presses: Lay with your back flat on an exercise bench. Carefully lift a weighted barbell (or two dumbbells) up away from your chest until your arms are extended, then lower the weight back down and repeat. Be sure to use a spotter to avoid serious injury when dealing with heavy weights.\\nChest Flies: Lay on your back on the floor or an exercise bench with a dumbbell in each hand. Position each arm out to the side, then bring your arms together in front of your chest in a wide, smooth arc. Lower your arms back to their starting position and repeat — you should look a little like you're \\\"flapping\\\" a pair of wings.\\nSee our chest article for more exercises.\\n2-6. Don't neglect your back and lat muscles.\\nStrictly speaking, the lats (latissimus dorsi muscles) and back muscles aren't part of your arms. However, nearly every weightlifter looking to get big, muscular arms will make sure to devote time to these muscle groups as well. This is partly for aesthetic reasons (strong arms don't pair well with weak back and lat muscles), but it's also because the back and lats are supporting muscles in many exercises that are used to strengthen the arms as well. Below are just a few exercises you can do to target these important groups:\\n\\nSeated Rows: Sit on a bench in front of a horizontal cable set up or elastic band. Carefully pull the cable or band toward you, making sure to keep your back straight in an upright but slightly reclined posture. Squeeze the muscles between your shoulder blades as you complete the full range of motion. Be sure not to hunch or bend in your back as you do this exercise — this can lead to back injury.\\nInverted Rows: Lay with your back on the floor under a low horizontal bar. Grab the bar and slowly pull yourself up toward it (keeping your feet on the ground) until the bar is nearly touching your chest. Lower yourself back down and repeat.\\nChin Ups/Pull Ups: There are a huge variety of exercises you can do hanging from a horizontal bar. To do a basic chin up, hold the bar with an underhand grip and slowly raise your body up to the bar until it is near your chest. Lower yourself down and repeat.\\n2-7. Spend time on your forearms for a well-toned look.\\nWell-toned forearms are the \\\"cherry on top\\\" of a chiseled upper body. Though they're important for hand and grip strength (which can be important for some athletes, like rock climbers), many weightlifters simply work out their forearms to look good. Try the simple exercise below for a basic forearm workout:\\nBarbell Wrist Curls: Sit at a bench holding a weighted barbell with your forearms resting on your thighs. Raise the barbell as high as it can go using only the muscles in your hands and forearms, then let these muscles relax to let the weight hang as low as it can. Repeat. For a complete workout, try reversing your grip with each set.\\n3. Encouraging Fast Muscle Growth\\n3-1. Consider prioritizing weight over reps.\\nGetting your muscles tired day after day will eventually lead to increased muscle strength and growth no matter how you do it (as long as you're eating enough for your body to be able to build muscle.) However, if you're interested in big, bulky muscles, it's usually recommended that you focus on performing a few repetitions of each exercise at a high weight (rather than performing many repetitions at a low weight.) For instance, most weightlifting resources attest that, if all other factors are equal, knocking out three to six heavy reps will give you bigger muscles than doing 15-20 lighter reps.\\nOn the other hand, some weight trainers (including Arnold Schwarzenegger) recommend a more middle-of-the-road approach that uses medium-high resistance levels and a slightly higher number of reps (typically about 30-32 sets per week on each of the muscles.) This offers a healthy balance of strength, definition, and mass over time.\\n3-2. Use an \\\"explosive\\\" approach to weightlifting.\\nFor the fastest possible muscle growth, put all of your energy into your lift! Research has shown that so-called \\\"explosive\\\" weightlifting — that is, weightlifting exercises where the lifter tries to lift the weight up as quickly as possible — can cause muscle (and strength) to grow faster than with an ordinary approach. Explosive training helps your body \\\"power through\\\" weak spots in your range of motion by teaching your muscles to contract quicker, making this a valuable strategy for anyone aiming to build muscle quickly.\\nHowever, it's always important to use good form, so don't let your goal of being \\\"explosive\\\" distract you from your ability to lift the weight smoothly through its full range of motion. Never use bending, twisting, or jerking motions to lift a weight — this can cause painful, long-lasting injury.\\n3-3. Consider the benefits of free weights over machines.\\nIt's possible to get big, powerful muscles with nearly any form of resistance training as long as your exercise allows you to move through a full range of motion and provides adequate challenge. However, many weightlifting resources recommend free weights (like barbells, dumbbells, and so on) over exercise machines. Free weights better mimic real-life physical tasks and allow stabilizing muscles to be trained at the same time as the main muscles being isolated, making them preferable to many (though, with bad form, the potential for injury is often higher than with machines.)\\nBody weight exercises (like pushups, crunches, pullups, dips, and so on) are usually considered happy middle ground — they offer lots of potential for muscle growth while keeping the risk for injury low.\\n3-4. Avoid spending too much energy on cardio.\\nCardio exercise isn't bad for you — in fact, it's a great way to increase your endurance and burn calories, something that weightlifting isn't really good at — but if you're trying to build muscle, it can be counterproductive. Spending lots of energy on exercises like running, cycling, swimming, and so on reduces the amount of energy you'll have leftover to build muscle. Thus, for muscle-building purposes, you'll generally want to limit serious cardio exercise to once or twice per week at most.\\nIf you love cardio, consider substituting lower-intensity exercises like walking and hiking as opposed to higher-intensity ones like swimming or running.\\n3-5. Start eating healthy.\\nTo build muscle, you've got to give your body plenty of healthy fuel for growth. In general, a muscle-building diet will be high in lean protein sources, with reasonable amounts of healthy fats and carbohydrates. Vegetables and fruits can provide much-needed vitamins and minerals, while sugary foods and overly-fatty dishes are to be kept to a minimum. Try including plenty of the following foods in your diet — ideally, you'll want to get about 40-50% of your calories from protein, 40-50% from carbs, and 10-20% from fats:\\nProtein: Lean meats, like chicken, turkey, most fish, egg whites, and lean cuts of pork and beef. Plant products like legumes, soy (tofu), broccoli, spinach, tempeh, and seitan can provide plenty of healthy protein. Lean dairy (like Greek-style yogurt) is also a good source of protein. Finally, many weight lifters recommend protein supplements and powders.\\nCarbohydrates: Whole grain bread/pasta products, brown rice, oats, quinoa, starchy vegetables like yams and potatoes. Green and/or fibrous vegetables like broccoli, celery, peas, and so on are also good choices.\\nFats: Avocados, nuts, cheeses, and light, healthy oils (like canola and sunflower oil) can provide valuable energy and nutrients.\\n3-6. Drink enough water every day.\\nWater can help keep you refreshed and full of energy for your workout. Even better, it's a zero calorie way to help alleviate the cravings that can accompany a healthy new diet. Most nutrition resources recommend drinking half a gallon (about two liters) of water per day. However, with sweating and strenuous exercise, this amount can easily be more.\\n3-7. Get plenty of rest.\\nWhen it comes to bodybuilding, the time you spend outside of the gym is just as important as the time you spend inside the gym. For maximum muscle-building results, be sure to give your body a chance to recover after every workout. Avoid overtaxing your muscles (which can lead to injury or burnout) by training different muscle groups on different days. You may even want to have one or two days in your weekly schedule devoted entirely to rest — it's up to you.\\nIn addition, a full night's rest is crucial for a healthy muscle group. While everyone's sleep needs are different, most reputable sources recommend about seven to nine hours of sleep every day for adults.\\nProper rest can prevent injuries, like a bicep tear, which could save you weeks or months of recovery time in the long run.\\n3-8. Know the dangers of anabolic steroids.\\nIf you're dying for a pair of cut, chiseled arms, \\\"shortcuts\\\" like steroids can certainly be tempting, but they're never a good idea. There's no healthy way to build muscle mass and strength quickly except through strenuous exercise, dedication, and proper nutrition and rest habits. While anabolic steroids can give quick muscle growth, they come with a wide range of unpleasant and even dangerous side-effects, including:\\nIn men: Enlarged breasts, painful erections (priapisms), shrunken testicles, lowered sperm count, infertility, impotence.\\nIn women: Increased face and body hair, irregular menstrual cycles, deepened voices, enlarged clitoris, shrunken breasts.\\nAcne\\nOily skin\\nJaundice (yellowed skin)\\nMood swings\\nParanoid delusions\\nOccasionally, serious problems like heart attack and certain types of cancer.\\nTips\\nListen to music while working out.\\nWhen you don’t have access to a gym, you can still hit your chest and every part of your triceps using push-ups.\\nBe determined. Your muscles are not going to develop overnight, but with persistent practice, you'll notice progress within a few weeks to a month.\\nWarnings\\nIf you ever feel serious pain or exhaustion during a workout, don't \\\"fight through it.\\\" Instead, stop immediately and go consult a physician.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Are you unsatisfied with your arms? Are they weak, flabby, or scrawny? Do you want big, lean arms and do you want them now? While it's impossible to achieve any sort of muscle growth instantaneously, with hard work and smart exercise strategies, you can start seeing noticeable results in as little as a few weeks to a month.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Arm Workout Schedule\", \"步骤\": []}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Hitting Major Arm Muscle Groups\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Plan an aggressive workout schedule.\", \"描述\": \"To build powerful arms, most fitness resources will recommend beginning a weightlifting regimen with plenty of upper-body exercises. Weightlifting is a form of exercise that's set at the participant's pace — the more time and energy you put into it, the better results you'll get out of it. While there's no single \\\"correct\\\" way build your arms through weightlifting, in general, it's wise to keep the following tips in mind for optimal results:\\nAim to lift weights most days every week. An ambitious weightlifting regimen will usually schedule weight training exercise for about five days per week, leaving two days for rest or cardio exercise. The more recent studies are showing that you can go as many as 32 sets per week and get great results. You can divide that up any way you want. You could do it all in one day and rest for six more days, or you could split it up three ways and do it three times a week.\\nTry to avoid exercising the same muscle group two days in a row — to grow, muscles need time to rest and repair the damage from an exercise session. For instance, if you exercise your triceps one day, focus on your chest the next day.\\nDon't focus solely on your arms. Doing so over a long period of time will give you a bizarre, lopsided appearance — beefy arms, but scrawny core and lower body muscles. A good policy is to exercise your legs and core on at least two days per week.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Exercise your biceps.\", \"描述\": \"When it comes to getting big, muscular arms, many people have one specific muscle group in mind: the biceps. It's easy to see why this is — the stereotypical image of the body builder is a muscular man hunched over at a bench performing curls with a massive dumbbell. While the biceps aren't usually the strongest muscles in the upper body (or even in the arm), there's no denying that this muscle group is important for a variety of physical tasks, like lifting, pulling, and stabilizing heavy weights. Below are just a few exercises to help you start feeling the burn in your biceps:\\n\\nBarbell/Dumbbell Curls: Stand holding a weighted barbell (or one dumbbell in each hand) at your waist with an underhand grip. Carefully raise the weight up to chest-level as you keep your elbows tucked at your sides, then lower it. Repeat.\\nHammer Curls: This exercise targets the crucial \\\"long head\\\" (biceps brachii) muscle, which is responsible for the much-coveted \\\"bump\\\" or \\\"peak\\\" on the upper arm. Perform as if doing dumbbell curls, but hold the dumbbells so that your palms are facing each other, rather than with an underhand grip. Your arm motion should resemble the slowed-down swinging of a hammer.\\nSee our biceps article for more exercises.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hit your triceps.\", \"描述\": \"Though they sometimes receive less attention than their neighboring biceps muscles, the triceps are usually regarded as more important in terms of both muscle mass and overall strength. Be sure to give just as much attention (if not more) to your triceps as you give to your biceps — if you want big, muscular arms, you'll be doing yourself a disservice by not doing so. Below are just a few great triceps exercises:\\nTriceps Extensions: In a standing position, hold a dumbbell in both hands behind your head with your elbows bent near the sides of your head. Lift the dumbbell up and over your head, taking care not to hit the back of your head. Lower the weight back to the starting position and repeat.\\nDips: Support yourself between two parallel level bars or at the edge of a bench using your arms. Slowly lower yourself to the point where your upper arms are level with the floor, then lift yourself back up without twisting or jerking. Repeat.\\nSee our triceps article for more exercises.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pump up your shoulders.\", \"描述\": \"A broad, muscular set of shoulders is often seen as a very attractive trait. In addition, the shoulder muscles (or deltoids) are important for a variety of physical tasks like lifting, throwing, and keeping the relatively unstable shoulder joint free from injury. Below are just a few shoulder exercises you may want to consider:\\n\\nMilitary Presses: In a standing or sitting position, bring a weighted barbell up to the chest level using a medium-wide overhand grip. Slowly raise the weight in front of your face and up over your head. Lower the bar to roughly chin level and repeat.\\nLateral Dumbbell Raises: Stand holding one dumbbell in each hand. Slowly raise your arms in an arc out to your side, leading with your elbows. When your arms are roughly parallel to the floor, slowly lower them back down and repeat. You may angle your arms forward or backward to work the front or back of your shoulders.\\nOverhead lifts: This full-body exercise targets the shoulders as well as the hips, legs, and back. Standing with a weighted barbell on the floor in front of you, carefully perform a deadlift to raise it to about waist level. Lift the weight up to your chest (taking care not to use uncontrolled movements) and perform a Military Press (see above) to lift it over your head. Reverse these movements to lower the weight back to the floor and repeat.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Beef up your chest.\", \"描述\": \"Though the chest muscles aren't technically part of your arm, strong arms look unappealing next to a flabby chest, so this area is a must for anyone interested in beefing up their arms. Plus, arm muscles like the triceps often play a supporting role in many chest exercises. Though it's widely-known, the bench press isn't the only way to work out your chest — see the list below for information on this and other chest exercises:\\n\\nBench Presses: Lay with your back flat on an exercise bench. Carefully lift a weighted barbell (or two dumbbells) up away from your chest until your arms are extended, then lower the weight back down and repeat. Be sure to use a spotter to avoid serious injury when dealing with heavy weights.\\nChest Flies: Lay on your back on the floor or an exercise bench with a dumbbell in each hand. Position each arm out to the side, then bring your arms together in front of your chest in a wide, smooth arc. Lower your arms back to their starting position and repeat — you should look a little like you're \\\"flapping\\\" a pair of wings.\\nSee our chest article for more exercises.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Don't neglect your back and lat muscles.\", \"描述\": \"Strictly speaking, the lats (latissimus dorsi muscles) and back muscles aren't part of your arms. However, nearly every weightlifter looking to get big, muscular arms will make sure to devote time to these muscle groups as well. This is partly for aesthetic reasons (strong arms don't pair well with weak back and lat muscles), but it's also because the back and lats are supporting muscles in many exercises that are used to strengthen the arms as well. Below are just a few exercises you can do to target these important groups:\\n\\nSeated Rows: Sit on a bench in front of a horizontal cable set up or elastic band. Carefully pull the cable or band toward you, making sure to keep your back straight in an upright but slightly reclined posture. Squeeze the muscles between your shoulder blades as you complete the full range of motion. Be sure not to hunch or bend in your back as you do this exercise — this can lead to back injury.\\nInverted Rows: Lay with your back on the floor under a low horizontal bar. Grab the bar and slowly pull yourself up toward it (keeping your feet on the ground) until the bar is nearly touching your chest. Lower yourself back down and repeat.\\nChin Ups/Pull Ups: There are a huge variety of exercises you can do hanging from a horizontal bar. To do a basic chin up, hold the bar with an underhand grip and slowly raise your body up to the bar until it is near your chest. Lower yourself down and repeat.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Spend time on your forearms for a well-toned look.\", \"描述\": \"Well-toned forearms are the \\\"cherry on top\\\" of a chiseled upper body. Though they're important for hand and grip strength (which can be important for some athletes, like rock climbers), many weightlifters simply work out their forearms to look good. Try the simple exercise below for a basic forearm workout:\\nBarbell Wrist Curls: Sit at a bench holding a weighted barbell with your forearms resting on your thighs. Raise the barbell as high as it can go using only the muscles in your hands and forearms, then let these muscles relax to let the weight hang as low as it can. Repeat. For a complete workout, try reversing your grip with each set.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Encouraging Fast Muscle Growth\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Consider prioritizing weight over reps.\", \"描述\": \"Getting your muscles tired day after day will eventually lead to increased muscle strength and growth no matter how you do it (as long as you're eating enough for your body to be able to build muscle.) However, if you're interested in big, bulky muscles, it's usually recommended that you focus on performing a few repetitions of each exercise at a high weight (rather than performing many repetitions at a low weight.) For instance, most weightlifting resources attest that, if all other factors are equal, knocking out three to six heavy reps will give you bigger muscles than doing 15-20 lighter reps.\\nOn the other hand, some weight trainers (including Arnold Schwarzenegger) recommend a more middle-of-the-road approach that uses medium-high resistance levels and a slightly higher number of reps (typically about 30-32 sets per week on each of the muscles.) This offers a healthy balance of strength, definition, and mass over time.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use an \\\"explosive\\\" approach to weightlifting.\", \"描述\": \"For the fastest possible muscle growth, put all of your energy into your lift! Research has shown that so-called \\\"explosive\\\" weightlifting — that is, weightlifting exercises where the lifter tries to lift the weight up as quickly as possible — can cause muscle (and strength) to grow faster than with an ordinary approach. Explosive training helps your body \\\"power through\\\" weak spots in your range of motion by teaching your muscles to contract quicker, making this a valuable strategy for anyone aiming to build muscle quickly.\\nHowever, it's always important to use good form, so don't let your goal of being \\\"explosive\\\" distract you from your ability to lift the weight smoothly through its full range of motion. Never use bending, twisting, or jerking motions to lift a weight — this can cause painful, long-lasting injury.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Consider the benefits of free weights over machines.\", \"描述\": \"It's possible to get big, powerful muscles with nearly any form of resistance training as long as your exercise allows you to move through a full range of motion and provides adequate challenge. However, many weightlifting resources recommend free weights (like barbells, dumbbells, and so on) over exercise machines. Free weights better mimic real-life physical tasks and allow stabilizing muscles to be trained at the same time as the main muscles being isolated, making them preferable to many (though, with bad form, the potential for injury is often higher than with machines.)\\nBody weight exercises (like pushups, crunches, pullups, dips, and so on) are usually considered happy middle ground — they offer lots of potential for muscle growth while keeping the risk for injury low.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid spending too much energy on cardio.\", \"描述\": \"Cardio exercise isn't bad for you — in fact, it's a great way to increase your endurance and burn calories, something that weightlifting isn't really good at — but if you're trying to build muscle, it can be counterproductive. Spending lots of energy on exercises like running, cycling, swimming, and so on reduces the amount of energy you'll have leftover to build muscle. Thus, for muscle-building purposes, you'll generally want to limit serious cardio exercise to once or twice per week at most.\\nIf you love cardio, consider substituting lower-intensity exercises like walking and hiking as opposed to higher-intensity ones like swimming or running.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Start eating healthy.\", \"描述\": \"To build muscle, you've got to give your body plenty of healthy fuel for growth. In general, a muscle-building diet will be high in lean protein sources, with reasonable amounts of healthy fats and carbohydrates. Vegetables and fruits can provide much-needed vitamins and minerals, while sugary foods and overly-fatty dishes are to be kept to a minimum. Try including plenty of the following foods in your diet — ideally, you'll want to get about 40-50% of your calories from protein, 40-50% from carbs, and 10-20% from fats:\\nProtein: Lean meats, like chicken, turkey, most fish, egg whites, and lean cuts of pork and beef. Plant products like legumes, soy (tofu), broccoli, spinach, tempeh, and seitan can provide plenty of healthy protein. Lean dairy (like Greek-style yogurt) is also a good source of protein. Finally, many weight lifters recommend protein supplements and powders.\\nCarbohydrates: Whole grain bread/pasta products, brown rice, oats, quinoa, starchy vegetables like yams and potatoes. Green and/or fibrous vegetables like broccoli, celery, peas, and so on are also good choices.\\nFats: Avocados, nuts, cheeses, and light, healthy oils (like canola and sunflower oil) can provide valuable energy and nutrients.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Drink enough water every day.\", \"描述\": \"Water can help keep you refreshed and full of energy for your workout. Even better, it's a zero calorie way to help alleviate the cravings that can accompany a healthy new diet. Most nutrition resources recommend drinking half a gallon (about two liters) of water per day. However, with sweating and strenuous exercise, this amount can easily be more.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Get plenty of rest.\", \"描述\": \"When it comes to bodybuilding, the time you spend outside of the gym is just as important as the time you spend inside the gym. For maximum muscle-building results, be sure to give your body a chance to recover after every workout. Avoid overtaxing your muscles (which can lead to injury or burnout) by training different muscle groups on different days. You may even want to have one or two days in your weekly schedule devoted entirely to rest — it's up to you.\\nIn addition, a full night's rest is crucial for a healthy muscle group. While everyone's sleep needs are different, most reputable sources recommend about seven to nine hours of sleep every day for adults.\\nProper rest can prevent injuries, like a bicep tear, which could save you weeks or months of recovery time in the long run.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Know the dangers of anabolic steroids.\", \"描述\": \"If you're dying for a pair of cut, chiseled arms, \\\"shortcuts\\\" like steroids can certainly be tempting, but they're never a good idea. There's no healthy way to build muscle mass and strength quickly except through strenuous exercise, dedication, and proper nutrition and rest habits. While anabolic steroids can give quick muscle growth, they come with a wide range of unpleasant and even dangerous side-effects, including:\\nIn men: Enlarged breasts, painful erections (priapisms), shrunken testicles, lowered sperm count, infertility, impotence.\\nIn women: Increased face and body hair, irregular menstrual cycles, deepened voices, enlarged clitoris, shrunken breasts.\\nAcne\\nOily skin\\nJaundice (yellowed skin)\\nMood swings\\nParanoid delusions\\nOccasionally, serious problems like heart attack and certain types of cancer.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Listen to music while working out.\\n\", \"When you don’t have access to a gym, you can still hit your chest and every part of your triceps using push-ups.\\n\", \"Be determined. Your muscles are not going to develop overnight, but with persistent practice, you'll notice progress within a few weeks to a month.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you ever feel serious pain or exhaustion during a workout, don't \\\"fight through it.\\\" Instead, stop immediately and go consult a physician.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,091 |
How to Build Assets
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1. Investing Your Money Wisely
1-1. Invest money you will need within 5 years in safe assets like bonds.
Aside from earning, investment is the most important part of building assets. Savings bonds, certificate of deposit accounts (CDs), and treasuries are steady, low-risk investments.
Use these forms of investment if you are saving for something you will need to pay for within 5 years, like a car, a wedding, or education expenses.
You will not make as much money from them as you would through buying stocks, but you are also not likely to lose money. This doesn’t mean they’re risk-free, though!
1-2. Open retirement accounts and contribute to them routinely.
There are a variety of retirement accounts, like 401Ks and IRAs. Learn about the different options and open accounts that fit your needs. Many people hold several different kinds of retirement accounts, so don’t limit yourself to just one.
Set aside a percentage of every paycheck for your retirement accounts. The more frequently you contribute to them the more likely you are to reach your retirement goals.
Setting aside 10-15% of each paycheck for retirement is usually a good goal, though you should make a plan that works for your financial needs.
Retirement accounts often have annual contribution limits. Make sure you understand any restrictions on your retirement account and make your budget accordingly.
Your employer may have retirement benefits you can take advantage of, such as matching contributions to a retirement account. Ask your boss at work to find out.
1-3. Invest money you will not need for over 5 years in the stock market.
The stock market can be risky over a short period, but if you hold onto stocks for 5 years or more you can often see a significant return on your investment. Index funds are usually the safest stock market portfolios to hold onto for a long period of time.
1-4. Buy real estate if you can afford it.
Research real estate markets thoroughly before deciding if you want to invest in property. Outside of buying your own home, you should purchase real estate only if you won’t need to take on considerable debt. Like stocks, real estate can appreciate well over time, but you should plan to hold onto your investment for over 5 years.
You can create another revenue stream by purchasing rental properties. Keep in mind, though, that you will have to pay for the upkeep of the property.
Always be cautious when purchasing real estate, as it costs money to maintain and can sometimes be a risky investment. Never purchase real estate if you don’t think you have enough income to cover all the costs of it, like repairs, insurance, and property taxes.
Avoid purchasing real estate in areas where property does not sell easily. You want to be able to get your money out of investment properties if necessary.
Areas where houses sell quickly and raise significantly in value over time usually make for the best investments.
1-5. Consult a financial advisor if you need special guidance.
Many banks have dedicated advisors you can speak with to help you learn how to build your assets and meet your financial goals. Look on your bank’s website to see if they offer this service and to make an appointment. If your bank does not offer financial advising, research institutions that do.
Financial advisors usually charge fees, but these fees vary depending on the institution. Some advisors charge a percentage of the assets they help you manage, some charge by the hour, and others make you pay them a retainer for continued services. Ask advisors about what fees they will charge before you do business with them.
2. Saving Your Money
2-1. Make a budget.
The first step to building assets is setting up a plan for your money. Decide exactly how you will allocate every dollar you earn. As an initial goal, budget 50% of your money on needs like food, shelter, and transportation. Then budget 30% towards savings and 20% to wants and miscellaneous purchases.
Ideally, your budget should help you maximize your savings. If you can get the amount you spend on needs under 50% and the amount you save close to or above 50%, you will have a very strong budget.
Try lowering your cost of living by making inexpensive meals at home.
Moving into a smaller house or lower-rent apartment can also help you to save a great deal of money every year.
2-2. Track your spending.
After making a budget you need to make sure you stick to it. Only buy things if you have money in your budget for them. Keep a spreadsheet that lists all of your purchases so you know exactly what you’re spending on. Always know how much money you have left to spend for any week, month, or year.
Download a budgeting app like Quicken, Mint or PocketGuard to help you track your spending. These apps can help people follow their budgets without having to maintain spreadsheets or save receipts.
2-3. Lower monthly energy costs.
Change all the lightbulbs in your home to LED or CFL lightbulbs, as these can greatly reduce electricity bills. You can also unplug electrical devices you don’t use often, as anything that’s plugged in draws some electricity. To lower your heating and cooling bills, install a programmable thermostat, which can help you use energy more efficiently.
2-4. Reduce the amount you spend on entertainment.
Think particularly hard about getting rid of items that have high monthly bills, like cable. If you have any subscriptions or memberships that you use infrequently, cancel them. This will help you save money every month.
2-5. Avoid taking on debt, especially on credit cards.
The less debt you have, the more quickly you’ll be able to build assets. Some kinds of debt, like a mortgage or student loans, can help you build assets or increase your earning potential. But even in these cases look closely at the numbers and make sure you can afford that amount of debt before you take it on.
If you use credit cards, pay off the balance monthly so you don’t have to pay interest.
If you already have a considerable amount that you’re having trouble paying off, try to consolidate or refinance it. This might help you get a lower interest rate or stay on top of your monthly payments.
3. Maximizing Your Income
3-1. Take on multiple jobs if you aren’t earning enough from just 1.
In addition to allocating your money wisely, you’ll also want to earn as much as you can to build assets. Taking on more than 1 job may not be possible for your situation, but it can help you to increase your income, even if the job is only part-time.
3-2. Work overtime hours if your job offers them.
Overtime hours often pay at a higher rate. Ask your boss if they are available at your job and volunteer to work them in order to add to your income.
3-3. Start a side business.
If you have a skill or a hobby you don’t use at work, try to make money from it during evening and weekends. For instance, if you like photography, you can try to pick up work as a portrait or wedding photographer. If you make crafts or clothing, try selling them online on sites like Etsy.
3-4. Go back to school if you need to move into a more lucrative career.
If you simply cannot make enough money in your current situation to meet your financial goals, you may need to consider changing careers.
Research relatively stable and lucrative career fields, like healthcare and technology, and find out what kind of education you would need to switch into a better paying career that looks appealing to you.
If you go back to school, though, remember to be cautious about taking on debt. Look into scholarships, grants, and work-study opportunities. You can also try going to school part-time, so you can also work and use your income towards your tuition.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Investing Your Money Wisely\\n1-1. Invest money you will need within 5 years in safe assets like bonds.\\nAside from earning, investment is the most important part of building assets. Savings bonds, certificate of deposit accounts (CDs), and treasuries are steady, low-risk investments.\\nUse these forms of investment if you are saving for something you will need to pay for within 5 years, like a car, a wedding, or education expenses.\\nYou will not make as much money from them as you would through buying stocks, but you are also not likely to lose money. This doesn’t mean they’re risk-free, though!\\n1-2. Open retirement accounts and contribute to them routinely.\\nThere are a variety of retirement accounts, like 401Ks and IRAs. Learn about the different options and open accounts that fit your needs. Many people hold several different kinds of retirement accounts, so don’t limit yourself to just one.\\nSet aside a percentage of every paycheck for your retirement accounts. The more frequently you contribute to them the more likely you are to reach your retirement goals.\\nSetting aside 10-15% of each paycheck for retirement is usually a good goal, though you should make a plan that works for your financial needs.\\nRetirement accounts often have annual contribution limits. Make sure you understand any restrictions on your retirement account and make your budget accordingly.\\nYour employer may have retirement benefits you can take advantage of, such as matching contributions to a retirement account. Ask your boss at work to find out.\\n1-3. Invest money you will not need for over 5 years in the stock market.\\nThe stock market can be risky over a short period, but if you hold onto stocks for 5 years or more you can often see a significant return on your investment. Index funds are usually the safest stock market portfolios to hold onto for a long period of time.\\n1-4. Buy real estate if you can afford it.\\nResearch real estate markets thoroughly before deciding if you want to invest in property. Outside of buying your own home, you should purchase real estate only if you won’t need to take on considerable debt. Like stocks, real estate can appreciate well over time, but you should plan to hold onto your investment for over 5 years.\\nYou can create another revenue stream by purchasing rental properties. Keep in mind, though, that you will have to pay for the upkeep of the property.\\nAlways be cautious when purchasing real estate, as it costs money to maintain and can sometimes be a risky investment. Never purchase real estate if you don’t think you have enough income to cover all the costs of it, like repairs, insurance, and property taxes.\\nAvoid purchasing real estate in areas where property does not sell easily. You want to be able to get your money out of investment properties if necessary.\\nAreas where houses sell quickly and raise significantly in value over time usually make for the best investments.\\n1-5. Consult a financial advisor if you need special guidance.\\nMany banks have dedicated advisors you can speak with to help you learn how to build your assets and meet your financial goals. Look on your bank’s website to see if they offer this service and to make an appointment. If your bank does not offer financial advising, research institutions that do.\\nFinancial advisors usually charge fees, but these fees vary depending on the institution. Some advisors charge a percentage of the assets they help you manage, some charge by the hour, and others make you pay them a retainer for continued services. Ask advisors about what fees they will charge before you do business with them.\\n2. Saving Your Money\\n2-1. Make a budget.\\nThe first step to building assets is setting up a plan for your money. Decide exactly how you will allocate every dollar you earn. As an initial goal, budget 50% of your money on needs like food, shelter, and transportation. Then budget 30% towards savings and 20% to wants and miscellaneous purchases.\\nIdeally, your budget should help you maximize your savings. If you can get the amount you spend on needs under 50% and the amount you save close to or above 50%, you will have a very strong budget.\\nTry lowering your cost of living by making inexpensive meals at home.\\nMoving into a smaller house or lower-rent apartment can also help you to save a great deal of money every year.\\n2-2. Track your spending.\\nAfter making a budget you need to make sure you stick to it. Only buy things if you have money in your budget for them. Keep a spreadsheet that lists all of your purchases so you know exactly what you’re spending on. Always know how much money you have left to spend for any week, month, or year.\\nDownload a budgeting app like Quicken, Mint or PocketGuard to help you track your spending. These apps can help people follow their budgets without having to maintain spreadsheets or save receipts.\\n2-3. Lower monthly energy costs.\\nChange all the lightbulbs in your home to LED or CFL lightbulbs, as these can greatly reduce electricity bills. You can also unplug electrical devices you don’t use often, as anything that’s plugged in draws some electricity. To lower your heating and cooling bills, install a programmable thermostat, which can help you use energy more efficiently.\\n2-4. Reduce the amount you spend on entertainment.\\nThink particularly hard about getting rid of items that have high monthly bills, like cable. If you have any subscriptions or memberships that you use infrequently, cancel them. This will help you save money every month.\\n2-5. Avoid taking on debt, especially on credit cards.\\nThe less debt you have, the more quickly you’ll be able to build assets. Some kinds of debt, like a mortgage or student loans, can help you build assets or increase your earning potential. But even in these cases look closely at the numbers and make sure you can afford that amount of debt before you take it on.\\nIf you use credit cards, pay off the balance monthly so you don’t have to pay interest.\\nIf you already have a considerable amount that you’re having trouble paying off, try to consolidate or refinance it. This might help you get a lower interest rate or stay on top of your monthly payments.\\n3. Maximizing Your Income\\n3-1. Take on multiple jobs if you aren’t earning enough from just 1.\\nIn addition to allocating your money wisely, you’ll also want to earn as much as you can to build assets. Taking on more than 1 job may not be possible for your situation, but it can help you to increase your income, even if the job is only part-time.\\n3-2. Work overtime hours if your job offers them.\\nOvertime hours often pay at a higher rate. Ask your boss if they are available at your job and volunteer to work them in order to add to your income.\\n3-3. Start a side business.\\nIf you have a skill or a hobby you don’t use at work, try to make money from it during evening and weekends. For instance, if you like photography, you can try to pick up work as a portrait or wedding photographer. If you make crafts or clothing, try selling them online on sites like Etsy.\\n3-4. Go back to school if you need to move into a more lucrative career.\\nIf you simply cannot make enough money in your current situation to meet your financial goals, you may need to consider changing careers.\\nResearch relatively stable and lucrative career fields, like healthcare and technology, and find out what kind of education you would need to switch into a better paying career that looks appealing to you.\\nIf you go back to school, though, remember to be cautious about taking on debt. Look into scholarships, grants, and work-study opportunities. You can also try going to school part-time, so you can also work and use your income towards your tuition.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Building assets is the key to healthy personal finance. We're here to walk you through the best ways to build assets, from investing to saving money and increasing your income. If you're ready to acquire assets, or things with monetary value like stocks and real estate, to build your net worth, read on.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Investing Your Money Wisely\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Invest money you will need within 5 years in safe assets like bonds.\", \"描述\": \"Aside from earning, investment is the most important part of building assets. Savings bonds, certificate of deposit accounts (CDs), and treasuries are steady, low-risk investments.\\nUse these forms of investment if you are saving for something you will need to pay for within 5 years, like a car, a wedding, or education expenses.\\nYou will not make as much money from them as you would through buying stocks, but you are also not likely to lose money. This doesn’t mean they’re risk-free, though!\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Open retirement accounts and contribute to them routinely.\", \"描述\": \"There are a variety of retirement accounts, like 401Ks and IRAs. Learn about the different options and open accounts that fit your needs. Many people hold several different kinds of retirement accounts, so don’t limit yourself to just one.\\nSet aside a percentage of every paycheck for your retirement accounts. The more frequently you contribute to them the more likely you are to reach your retirement goals.\\nSetting aside 10-15% of each paycheck for retirement is usually a good goal, though you should make a plan that works for your financial needs.\\nRetirement accounts often have annual contribution limits. Make sure you understand any restrictions on your retirement account and make your budget accordingly.\\nYour employer may have retirement benefits you can take advantage of, such as matching contributions to a retirement account. Ask your boss at work to find out.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Invest money you will not need for over 5 years in the stock market.\", \"描述\": \"The stock market can be risky over a short period, but if you hold onto stocks for 5 years or more you can often see a significant return on your investment. Index funds are usually the safest stock market portfolios to hold onto for a long period of time.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Buy real estate if you can afford it.\", \"描述\": \"Research real estate markets thoroughly before deciding if you want to invest in property. Outside of buying your own home, you should purchase real estate only if you won’t need to take on considerable debt. Like stocks, real estate can appreciate well over time, but you should plan to hold onto your investment for over 5 years.\\nYou can create another revenue stream by purchasing rental properties. Keep in mind, though, that you will have to pay for the upkeep of the property.\\nAlways be cautious when purchasing real estate, as it costs money to maintain and can sometimes be a risky investment. Never purchase real estate if you don’t think you have enough income to cover all the costs of it, like repairs, insurance, and property taxes.\\nAvoid purchasing real estate in areas where property does not sell easily. You want to be able to get your money out of investment properties if necessary.\\nAreas where houses sell quickly and raise significantly in value over time usually make for the best investments.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Consult a financial advisor if you need special guidance.\", \"描述\": \"Many banks have dedicated advisors you can speak with to help you learn how to build your assets and meet your financial goals. Look on your bank’s website to see if they offer this service and to make an appointment. If your bank does not offer financial advising, research institutions that do.\\nFinancial advisors usually charge fees, but these fees vary depending on the institution. Some advisors charge a percentage of the assets they help you manage, some charge by the hour, and others make you pay them a retainer for continued services. Ask advisors about what fees they will charge before you do business with them.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Saving Your Money\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make a budget.\", \"描述\": \"The first step to building assets is setting up a plan for your money. Decide exactly how you will allocate every dollar you earn. As an initial goal, budget 50% of your money on needs like food, shelter, and transportation. Then budget 30% towards savings and 20% to wants and miscellaneous purchases.\\nIdeally, your budget should help you maximize your savings. If you can get the amount you spend on needs under 50% and the amount you save close to or above 50%, you will have a very strong budget.\\nTry lowering your cost of living by making inexpensive meals at home.\\nMoving into a smaller house or lower-rent apartment can also help you to save a great deal of money every year.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Track your spending.\", \"描述\": \"After making a budget you need to make sure you stick to it. Only buy things if you have money in your budget for them. Keep a spreadsheet that lists all of your purchases so you know exactly what you’re spending on. Always know how much money you have left to spend for any week, month, or year.\\nDownload a budgeting app like Quicken, Mint or PocketGuard to help you track your spending. These apps can help people follow their budgets without having to maintain spreadsheets or save receipts.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Lower monthly energy costs.\", \"描述\": \"Change all the lightbulbs in your home to LED or CFL lightbulbs, as these can greatly reduce electricity bills. You can also unplug electrical devices you don’t use often, as anything that’s plugged in draws some electricity. To lower your heating and cooling bills, install a programmable thermostat, which can help you use energy more efficiently.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Reduce the amount you spend on entertainment.\", \"描述\": \"Think particularly hard about getting rid of items that have high monthly bills, like cable. If you have any subscriptions or memberships that you use infrequently, cancel them. This will help you save money every month.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Avoid taking on debt, especially on credit cards.\", \"描述\": \"The less debt you have, the more quickly you’ll be able to build assets. Some kinds of debt, like a mortgage or student loans, can help you build assets or increase your earning potential. But even in these cases look closely at the numbers and make sure you can afford that amount of debt before you take it on.\\nIf you use credit cards, pay off the balance monthly so you don’t have to pay interest.\\nIf you already have a considerable amount that you’re having trouble paying off, try to consolidate or refinance it. This might help you get a lower interest rate or stay on top of your monthly payments.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maximizing Your Income\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take on multiple jobs if you aren’t earning enough from just 1.\", \"描述\": \"In addition to allocating your money wisely, you’ll also want to earn as much as you can to build assets. Taking on more than 1 job may not be possible for your situation, but it can help you to increase your income, even if the job is only part-time.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Work overtime hours if your job offers them.\", \"描述\": \"Overtime hours often pay at a higher rate. Ask your boss if they are available at your job and volunteer to work them in order to add to your income.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start a side business.\", \"描述\": \"If you have a skill or a hobby you don’t use at work, try to make money from it during evening and weekends. For instance, if you like photography, you can try to pick up work as a portrait or wedding photographer. If you make crafts or clothing, try selling them online on sites like Etsy.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Go back to school if you need to move into a more lucrative career.\", \"描述\": \"If you simply cannot make enough money in your current situation to meet your financial goals, you may need to consider changing careers.\\nResearch relatively stable and lucrative career fields, like healthcare and technology, and find out what kind of education you would need to switch into a better paying career that looks appealing to you.\\nIf you go back to school, though, remember to be cautious about taking on debt. Look into scholarships, grants, and work-study opportunities. You can also try going to school part-time, so you can also work and use your income towards your tuition.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,092 |
How to Build Back Muscle
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1. Working Your Back with Free Weights
1-1. Do arm rows to build both sides of your back separately.
Kneel on a padded gym bench. Place your left foot on the ground and your right knee on top of the bench. Place your left hand in front of you for support. Grab a dumbbell with your right hand and pull the dumbbell up to your armpit. When the dumbbell is fully lifted, it should be parallel to your chest. Do this in 1 smooth, slow motion, and hold the weight in place for about 3 seconds.
Hold the weight in place for 3 seconds, and then slowly lower your arm and shoulder to lower the weight. Control your arm as you release your hold position. A controlled lowering gives you the greatest benefit for this exercise.
1-2. Perform 10-12 reps in each set of arm rows.
When you’re first starting out, you may only be able to do 1 set of 10-12 reps. As you feel more comfortable performing rows, add on a second set. You may need to decrease the number of reps to 6-8 to be able to complete both sets. As your back becomes stronger, you can increase the number of sets you do. Aim to perform 3 sets of 10-12 reps each.
Once you’ve done a full set of arm rows with 1 arm, switch sides to exercise the other half of your back.
1-3. Try a barbell bent over row to bulk up your lower back.
Stand in front of a barbell and keep your feet shoulder-width apart and bent over so your back is parallel to the floor. Grab onto the bar with a shoulder-width grip. Your hands should be about 2–3 feet (0.61–0.91 m) apart. Then, flex your back muscles and lift the bar up to your lower chest in 1 smooth motion. Hold the bar for 2-3 seconds, and then lower the bar back down slowly. Use your back muscles to control the bar’s descent.
Repeat for 3 sets of 10-12 reps. This will help your lats to bulk up quickly and will allow you to see fast results. If you need to work up to this goal, start with only 1 set of 12 reps.
Throughout the bent over row, make sure that your knees and legs flexed slightly to support your lower back.
2. Using Weight Machines to Develop Muscle
2-1. Perform lat pulldowns to strengthen your upper back and shoulders.
This exercise is great for bulking up your traps, and also your rhomboids and the middle trapezius. Raise your hands and grasp the pull down bar. Make sure that your back is straight and your chest is pushed out to maximize the benefit of the pulldown exercise.
Make sure that you bring the bar in front of your head. If you try bringing it down behind your head, you may injure your shoulders.
2-2. Draw the pulldown bar down to your chest.
Flex your back muscles to engage them and try to pull with your back and not with your biceps. Ensure that you’re using your back muscles by keeping your back straight and pushing out your chest and squeezing your shoulder blades back to retract them. Tighten your abs as you pull down the bar. Then, slowly raise your hands to return to the starting position. Don't let the weight fall suddenly, or you may damage your shoulders.
Perform 1-2 sets of 6-8 reps until you’re comfortable doing more. As your back builds up, increase the reps to 10-12. If the weight and amount of reps are correct, you should struggle to complete the last 1-2 reps in each set.
2-3. Work your upper and lower back and shoulders with seated cable rows.
Sit at a low pulley machine and rest your feet on the platform in front of you. Bend over to reach the pulley, with your hands about 3 feet (0.91 m) apart to engage the central muscles of your upper and lower back. Then, flex your arms and bring your elbows up to your chest. As you tighten your back muscles and flex your biceps to pull the pulley into your chest, also push outward with your legs.
To finish, slowly extend your arms to return to your start position.
When doing cable rows, set the machine at a weight that allows you to do about 12 reps for 3 sets. Doing 12 reps will allow you to build up back muscle without exhausting yourself or potentially straining your muscles.
2-4. Build upper-back muscle with full-range motion lat pulldowns.
Stand in between 2 pulley machines and attach the pulleys on both sides to the highest setting. Grab the right pulley with your left hand, and grab the left pulley with your right hand. Then, lower the handles down in front of your chest until they’re crossed in front of your sternum. Finally, release the weight by returning the handles to the overhead position in a slow, controlled manner.
Slowly bring your arms back in to your chest. Bring your arms to your chest slowly, without letting the weight jerk your shoulders.
Start out with 3 sets of 10-12 reps. If you’ve set the weight right, the last 2 or 3 reps of each set should burn.
If this is too challenging at first, lower the weight and try to complete 1 full set of 10-12 reps.
3. Building Muscle with Bodyweight Exercises
3-1. Do pull-ups to strengthen your shoulders and upper back.
Grab a pullup bar with your palms facing outward. Then, lift yourself up until your chin is above the bar. Lift yourself slowly to fully engage the muscles in your shoulder and back. Lower yourself down slowly to complete the pull-up. Use your shoulder and back muscles to lower yourself at the same speed you used to pull yourself up.
If you jerk and twist your back as you pull yourself up, you’ll risk straining a muscle.
Start with as many pull-ups as you can manage, and try to add 1-2 more each workout. For example, start with 10. Next time you do pull-ups, aim for 12.
3-2. Perform low planks to strengthen your lats and build your core.
Lie on your front, with your elbows bent and your weight resting on your forearms. Then, push your hips up until your back is parallel to the floor. Retract your shoulder blades to engage more of your back muscles. Hold the position for 15 seconds. Try doing 2 sets of 15 reps.
Once you’re comfortable doing low planks, try adding high planks into your workout routine. The only difference is that, instead of resting on your elbows, you’ll fully extend your arms and rest on your hands.
3-3. Try the “superman” to strengthen your lower back and core.
Lay flat on your stomach and straighten your arms out in front of you, palms down. Then, slowly and simultaneously raise your arms up until your hands are about 6 inches (15 cm) off the ground and raise your legs so your feet are also raised 6 inches (15 cm) off the floor. Squeeze your legs together and keep them straight. Hold the pose for 15-30 seconds, and perform 3 sets of 10 reps.
You can increase or decrease the difficulty of the superman pose as needed. Try raising one arm at a time, then build toward raising one arm and the opposite leg at the same time. Move to raising both arms but not your legs, then both legs but not your arms to prepare you for the complete pose.
This exercise works your back extensor muscles, which run down your spine and impact your posture.
3-4. Strengthen your mid-back and shoulders with reverse snow angels.
Lie flat on your stomach for this exercise. Push your shoulders back and raise your arms until they’re about 4 inches (10 cm) off the ground. Hold your arms outstretched so they’re parallel with your shoulders, and then slowly move them down until they’re at your sides. Keep your elbows locked, and repeat the exercise 5 times while keeping your arms lifted off the floor. Try doing 3 sets of 5 reps.
Reverse snow angels will engage your mid-back lats, rhomboids, posterior deltoids, trapezius, and teres major.
Tips
When working out your back muscles, it’s important to choose the right weight for effective results. Using too much weight may injure your back, and too little weight will yield little in the way of results. When you’re using an adequate weight, you should feel fatigued after 8-12 reps. If you can perform an exercise for 20 reps, then you need to adjust your weight to make it heavier.
When doing pull-ups, you can also try this with your palms facing inward. Varying the type of grip that you use to perform your pull-ups will develop a larger number of muscles in your back than if you only used 1 grip style.
If you need to change cable machine attachments for your pulldowns, unhook the carabiner on the pulley and attach the one you need.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Working Your Back with Free Weights\\n1-1. Do arm rows to build both sides of your back separately.\\nKneel on a padded gym bench. Place your left foot on the ground and your right knee on top of the bench. Place your left hand in front of you for support. Grab a dumbbell with your right hand and pull the dumbbell up to your armpit. When the dumbbell is fully lifted, it should be parallel to your chest. Do this in 1 smooth, slow motion, and hold the weight in place for about 3 seconds.\\nHold the weight in place for 3 seconds, and then slowly lower your arm and shoulder to lower the weight. Control your arm as you release your hold position. A controlled lowering gives you the greatest benefit for this exercise.\\n1-2. Perform 10-12 reps in each set of arm rows.\\nWhen you’re first starting out, you may only be able to do 1 set of 10-12 reps. As you feel more comfortable performing rows, add on a second set. You may need to decrease the number of reps to 6-8 to be able to complete both sets. As your back becomes stronger, you can increase the number of sets you do. Aim to perform 3 sets of 10-12 reps each.\\nOnce you’ve done a full set of arm rows with 1 arm, switch sides to exercise the other half of your back.\\n1-3. Try a barbell bent over row to bulk up your lower back.\\nStand in front of a barbell and keep your feet shoulder-width apart and bent over so your back is parallel to the floor. Grab onto the bar with a shoulder-width grip. Your hands should be about 2–3 feet (0.61–0.91 m) apart. Then, flex your back muscles and lift the bar up to your lower chest in 1 smooth motion. Hold the bar for 2-3 seconds, and then lower the bar back down slowly. Use your back muscles to control the bar’s descent.\\nRepeat for 3 sets of 10-12 reps. This will help your lats to bulk up quickly and will allow you to see fast results. If you need to work up to this goal, start with only 1 set of 12 reps.\\nThroughout the bent over row, make sure that your knees and legs flexed slightly to support your lower back.\\n2. Using Weight Machines to Develop Muscle\\n2-1. Perform lat pulldowns to strengthen your upper back and shoulders.\\nThis exercise is great for bulking up your traps, and also your rhomboids and the middle trapezius. Raise your hands and grasp the pull down bar. Make sure that your back is straight and your chest is pushed out to maximize the benefit of the pulldown exercise.\\nMake sure that you bring the bar in front of your head. If you try bringing it down behind your head, you may injure your shoulders.\\n2-2. Draw the pulldown bar down to your chest.\\nFlex your back muscles to engage them and try to pull with your back and not with your biceps. Ensure that you’re using your back muscles by keeping your back straight and pushing out your chest and squeezing your shoulder blades back to retract them. Tighten your abs as you pull down the bar. Then, slowly raise your hands to return to the starting position. Don't let the weight fall suddenly, or you may damage your shoulders.\\nPerform 1-2 sets of 6-8 reps until you’re comfortable doing more. As your back builds up, increase the reps to 10-12. If the weight and amount of reps are correct, you should struggle to complete the last 1-2 reps in each set.\\n2-3. Work your upper and lower back and shoulders with seated cable rows.\\nSit at a low pulley machine and rest your feet on the platform in front of you. Bend over to reach the pulley, with your hands about 3 feet (0.91 m) apart to engage the central muscles of your upper and lower back. Then, flex your arms and bring your elbows up to your chest. As you tighten your back muscles and flex your biceps to pull the pulley into your chest, also push outward with your legs.\\nTo finish, slowly extend your arms to return to your start position.\\nWhen doing cable rows, set the machine at a weight that allows you to do about 12 reps for 3 sets. Doing 12 reps will allow you to build up back muscle without exhausting yourself or potentially straining your muscles.\\n2-4. Build upper-back muscle with full-range motion lat pulldowns.\\nStand in between 2 pulley machines and attach the pulleys on both sides to the highest setting. Grab the right pulley with your left hand, and grab the left pulley with your right hand. Then, lower the handles down in front of your chest until they’re crossed in front of your sternum. Finally, release the weight by returning the handles to the overhead position in a slow, controlled manner.\\nSlowly bring your arms back in to your chest. Bring your arms to your chest slowly, without letting the weight jerk your shoulders.\\nStart out with 3 sets of 10-12 reps. If you’ve set the weight right, the last 2 or 3 reps of each set should burn.\\nIf this is too challenging at first, lower the weight and try to complete 1 full set of 10-12 reps.\\n3. Building Muscle with Bodyweight Exercises\\n3-1. Do pull-ups to strengthen your shoulders and upper back.\\nGrab a pullup bar with your palms facing outward. Then, lift yourself up until your chin is above the bar. Lift yourself slowly to fully engage the muscles in your shoulder and back. Lower yourself down slowly to complete the pull-up. Use your shoulder and back muscles to lower yourself at the same speed you used to pull yourself up.\\nIf you jerk and twist your back as you pull yourself up, you’ll risk straining a muscle.\\nStart with as many pull-ups as you can manage, and try to add 1-2 more each workout. For example, start with 10. Next time you do pull-ups, aim for 12.\\n3-2. Perform low planks to strengthen your lats and build your core.\\nLie on your front, with your elbows bent and your weight resting on your forearms. Then, push your hips up until your back is parallel to the floor. Retract your shoulder blades to engage more of your back muscles. Hold the position for 15 seconds. Try doing 2 sets of 15 reps.\\nOnce you’re comfortable doing low planks, try adding high planks into your workout routine. The only difference is that, instead of resting on your elbows, you’ll fully extend your arms and rest on your hands.\\n3-3. Try the “superman” to strengthen your lower back and core.\\nLay flat on your stomach and straighten your arms out in front of you, palms down. Then, slowly and simultaneously raise your arms up until your hands are about 6 inches (15 cm) off the ground and raise your legs so your feet are also raised 6 inches (15 cm) off the floor. Squeeze your legs together and keep them straight. Hold the pose for 15-30 seconds, and perform 3 sets of 10 reps.\\nYou can increase or decrease the difficulty of the superman pose as needed. Try raising one arm at a time, then build toward raising one arm and the opposite leg at the same time. Move to raising both arms but not your legs, then both legs but not your arms to prepare you for the complete pose.\\nThis exercise works your back extensor muscles, which run down your spine and impact your posture.\\n3-4. Strengthen your mid-back and shoulders with reverse snow angels.\\nLie flat on your stomach for this exercise. Push your shoulders back and raise your arms until they’re about 4 inches (10 cm) off the ground. Hold your arms outstretched so they’re parallel with your shoulders, and then slowly move them down until they’re at your sides. Keep your elbows locked, and repeat the exercise 5 times while keeping your arms lifted off the floor. Try doing 3 sets of 5 reps.\\nReverse snow angels will engage your mid-back lats, rhomboids, posterior deltoids, trapezius, and teres major.\\nTips\\nWhen working out your back muscles, it’s important to choose the right weight for effective results. Using too much weight may injure your back, and too little weight will yield little in the way of results. When you’re using an adequate weight, you should feel fatigued after 8-12 reps. If you can perform an exercise for 20 reps, then you need to adjust your weight to make it heavier.\\nWhen doing pull-ups, you can also try this with your palms facing inward. Varying the type of grip that you use to perform your pull-ups will develop a larger number of muscles in your back than if you only used 1 grip style.\\nIf you need to change cable machine attachments for your pulldowns, unhook the carabiner on the pulley and attach the one you need.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"In order to build back muscle, focus on exercising the large muscle groups in your back. You can perform several useful exercises either by using free weights at home or by using lifting machines at your local gym. Plan to vary the back exercises that you perform, so that you can strengthen your upper back, lower back, and mid-back regions through different methods using weights and machines. Or, if you prefer to exercise without this type of equipment, you can build back muscle using your own bodyweight.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Working Your Back with Free Weights\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do arm rows to build both sides of your back separately.\", \"描述\": \"Kneel on a padded gym bench. Place your left foot on the ground and your right knee on top of the bench. Place your left hand in front of you for support. Grab a dumbbell with your right hand and pull the dumbbell up to your armpit. When the dumbbell is fully lifted, it should be parallel to your chest. Do this in 1 smooth, slow motion, and hold the weight in place for about 3 seconds.\\nHold the weight in place for 3 seconds, and then slowly lower your arm and shoulder to lower the weight. Control your arm as you release your hold position. A controlled lowering gives you the greatest benefit for this exercise.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Perform 10-12 reps in each set of arm rows.\", \"描述\": \"When you’re first starting out, you may only be able to do 1 set of 10-12 reps. As you feel more comfortable performing rows, add on a second set. You may need to decrease the number of reps to 6-8 to be able to complete both sets. As your back becomes stronger, you can increase the number of sets you do. Aim to perform 3 sets of 10-12 reps each.\\nOnce you’ve done a full set of arm rows with 1 arm, switch sides to exercise the other half of your back.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try a barbell bent over row to bulk up your lower back.\", \"描述\": \"Stand in front of a barbell and keep your feet shoulder-width apart and bent over so your back is parallel to the floor. Grab onto the bar with a shoulder-width grip. Your hands should be about 2–3 feet (0.61–0.91 m) apart. Then, flex your back muscles and lift the bar up to your lower chest in 1 smooth motion. Hold the bar for 2-3 seconds, and then lower the bar back down slowly. Use your back muscles to control the bar’s descent.\\nRepeat for 3 sets of 10-12 reps. This will help your lats to bulk up quickly and will allow you to see fast results. If you need to work up to this goal, start with only 1 set of 12 reps.\\nThroughout the bent over row, make sure that your knees and legs flexed slightly to support your lower back.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using Weight Machines to Develop Muscle\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Perform lat pulldowns to strengthen your upper back and shoulders.\", \"描述\": \"This exercise is great for bulking up your traps, and also your rhomboids and the middle trapezius. Raise your hands and grasp the pull down bar. Make sure that your back is straight and your chest is pushed out to maximize the benefit of the pulldown exercise.\\nMake sure that you bring the bar in front of your head. If you try bringing it down behind your head, you may injure your shoulders.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Draw the pulldown bar down to your chest.\", \"描述\": \"Flex your back muscles to engage them and try to pull with your back and not with your biceps. Ensure that you’re using your back muscles by keeping your back straight and pushing out your chest and squeezing your shoulder blades back to retract them. Tighten your abs as you pull down the bar. Then, slowly raise your hands to return to the starting position. Don't let the weight fall suddenly, or you may damage your shoulders.\\nPerform 1-2 sets of 6-8 reps until you’re comfortable doing more. As your back builds up, increase the reps to 10-12. If the weight and amount of reps are correct, you should struggle to complete the last 1-2 reps in each set.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Work your upper and lower back and shoulders with seated cable rows.\", \"描述\": \"Sit at a low pulley machine and rest your feet on the platform in front of you. Bend over to reach the pulley, with your hands about 3 feet (0.91 m) apart to engage the central muscles of your upper and lower back. Then, flex your arms and bring your elbows up to your chest. As you tighten your back muscles and flex your biceps to pull the pulley into your chest, also push outward with your legs.\\nTo finish, slowly extend your arms to return to your start position.\\nWhen doing cable rows, set the machine at a weight that allows you to do about 12 reps for 3 sets. Doing 12 reps will allow you to build up back muscle without exhausting yourself or potentially straining your muscles.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Build upper-back muscle with full-range motion lat pulldowns.\", \"描述\": \"Stand in between 2 pulley machines and attach the pulleys on both sides to the highest setting. Grab the right pulley with your left hand, and grab the left pulley with your right hand. Then, lower the handles down in front of your chest until they’re crossed in front of your sternum. Finally, release the weight by returning the handles to the overhead position in a slow, controlled manner.\\nSlowly bring your arms back in to your chest. Bring your arms to your chest slowly, without letting the weight jerk your shoulders.\\nStart out with 3 sets of 10-12 reps. If you’ve set the weight right, the last 2 or 3 reps of each set should burn.\\nIf this is too challenging at first, lower the weight and try to complete 1 full set of 10-12 reps.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Building Muscle with Bodyweight Exercises\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do pull-ups to strengthen your shoulders and upper back.\", \"描述\": \"Grab a pullup bar with your palms facing outward. Then, lift yourself up until your chin is above the bar. Lift yourself slowly to fully engage the muscles in your shoulder and back. Lower yourself down slowly to complete the pull-up. Use your shoulder and back muscles to lower yourself at the same speed you used to pull yourself up.\\nIf you jerk and twist your back as you pull yourself up, you’ll risk straining a muscle.\\nStart with as many pull-ups as you can manage, and try to add 1-2 more each workout. For example, start with 10. Next time you do pull-ups, aim for 12.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Perform low planks to strengthen your lats and build your core.\", \"描述\": \"Lie on your front, with your elbows bent and your weight resting on your forearms. Then, push your hips up until your back is parallel to the floor. Retract your shoulder blades to engage more of your back muscles. Hold the position for 15 seconds. Try doing 2 sets of 15 reps.\\nOnce you’re comfortable doing low planks, try adding high planks into your workout routine. The only difference is that, instead of resting on your elbows, you’ll fully extend your arms and rest on your hands.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try the “superman” to strengthen your lower back and core.\", \"描述\": \"Lay flat on your stomach and straighten your arms out in front of you, palms down. Then, slowly and simultaneously raise your arms up until your hands are about 6 inches (15 cm) off the ground and raise your legs so your feet are also raised 6 inches (15 cm) off the floor. Squeeze your legs together and keep them straight. Hold the pose for 15-30 seconds, and perform 3 sets of 10 reps.\\nYou can increase or decrease the difficulty of the superman pose as needed. Try raising one arm at a time, then build toward raising one arm and the opposite leg at the same time. Move to raising both arms but not your legs, then both legs but not your arms to prepare you for the complete pose.\\nThis exercise works your back extensor muscles, which run down your spine and impact your posture.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Strengthen your mid-back and shoulders with reverse snow angels.\", \"描述\": \"Lie flat on your stomach for this exercise. Push your shoulders back and raise your arms until they’re about 4 inches (10 cm) off the ground. Hold your arms outstretched so they’re parallel with your shoulders, and then slowly move them down until they’re at your sides. Keep your elbows locked, and repeat the exercise 5 times while keeping your arms lifted off the floor. Try doing 3 sets of 5 reps.\\nReverse snow angels will engage your mid-back lats, rhomboids, posterior deltoids, trapezius, and teres major.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"When working out your back muscles, it’s important to choose the right weight for effective results. Using too much weight may injure your back, and too little weight will yield little in the way of results. When you’re using an adequate weight, you should feel fatigued after 8-12 reps. If you can perform an exercise for 20 reps, then you need to adjust your weight to make it heavier.\\n\", \"When doing pull-ups, you can also try this with your palms facing inward. Varying the type of grip that you use to perform your pull-ups will develop a larger number of muscles in your back than if you only used 1 grip style.\\n\", \"If you need to change cable machine attachments for your pulldowns, unhook the carabiner on the pulley and attach the one you need.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,093 |
How to Build Big Trapezius Muscles (Traps)
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1. Maximizing Your Trap Workouts
1-1. Do 2 trap workouts per week, with adequate rest days.
To get the best results, it's important to neither under-work nor over-work your traps. For most people, 2 trap workouts per week is the ideal amount. Each trap-focused session should last roughly 20 to 30 minutes.
Rest your traps for 3 days between sessions. For instance, work your traps on Monday, Friday, and the following Tuesday. You can do other strength-training sessions in between, but don't overwork your traps while focusing on adjacent areas like your back and shoulders.
If your traps remain sore or tight up to the time of your next trap workout, cut back on your workout frequency, intensity, or both.
If you feel moderate pain during a trap workout, stop and rest the area for a few days. If you feel severe pain, stop and contact your doctor.
1-2. Limit yourself to 8 separate trap exercises per workout.
As with the twice-per-week workout schedule, this seems to be the “magic number” for getting the best results. In most cases, doing 8 separate exercises will give your traps a full workout without overworking them.
This doesn't mean you have to do the same 8 exercises during every trap workout, though. You may have 2 or 3 exercises that you want to do every time, but feel free to mix things up! Different trap exercises train the muscle in subtly different ways.
If you're just starting out, you may want to begin with 4-5 separate trap exercises per session, and then build up to 8 over the span of several weeks.
1-3. Use lighter weights for full, slow muscle contractions with proper form.
Your trap muscles play a part in a wide range of strength-training exercises, but it takes a little extra focus and care to target them specifically. To get the most from your trap exercises, you need to slowly and fully contract and release them—and that's easier to do if you're not maxing out on your dumbbells or barbell.
For most trap exercises, you want to take 1-2 seconds to contract the muscles, hold the muscle contraction for 2-3 seconds, take 1-2 seconds to release them, then pause 2-3 seconds before the next repetition (rep).
If you have to jerk the weights or rush through the exercises with poor form, choose lighter weights. Use weights that make doing the exercise a greater physical challenge without negatively impacting your form.
Take special care to focus on your grip, body positioning, and breathing. Use a mirror or, even better, work with a personal trainer for at least a few sessions so you can perfect your exercise form.
1-4. Use gloves or wrist grips to focus more on form and less on grip.
Many trap exercises involve holding weights to your sides or in front of you, which means a good grip is essential. A good set of lifting gloves will help, or you can try wrist grips. That way, you don't have to worry about losing your grip while targeting your traps.
Don't use wrist grips as an excuse to lift heavier weights than you can handle, though. Your form will suffer and you'll probably injure yourself.
You can buy gloves or wrist straps online or at any sporting goods or fitness supply store.
Keep in mind that wrist straps will not help you to build up functional strength in your wrists, so some people see them as a crutch.
2. Barbell and Dumbbell Exercises
2-1. Do shoulder shrugs with a barbell.
Grasp a barbell (with or without weights attached) and hold it at thigh level while standing upright with your feet shoulder-width apart. Without moving the rest of your body, slowly raise your shoulders up as high as you can, and hold the shrug for 2-3 seconds. Slowly release the shrug and repeat.
Do 3-4 sets of 10-12 repetitions (reps) each, waiting 1-2 minutes between sets.
You can use dumbbells instead of a barbell, if desired. Hold the dumbbells so that your knuckles are facing forward, the same as they would be when holding a barbell.
2-2. Try doing a farmer's walk with dumbbells.
Grasp a dumbbell in each hand and hold them at your hips, palms facing in. Maintain an upright stance and start walking at a steady pace. Don't swing your arms back and forth—keep the weights pinned to your sides. Aim to walk for about 50–100 yd (46–91 m).
Do this walk 2-3 times total, waiting 2-3 minutes between walks.
At an average walking pace, you can cover 100 yd (91 m) in about 1 minute.
You ultimate goal should be to use dumbbells with a combined weight that is equal (or even greater than) your body weight. Start with a lower weight amount and work your way up, however. Use gloves or wrist grips for safety as well.
Keep your shoulders squared and avoid letting them drop or roll forward as you do this.
2-3. Advance to doing farmer's walks with barbells instead.
Once you're fully comfortable doing farmer's walks with dumbbells, try doing them while grasping barbells in each hand instead. Grab the barbells right in the middle, and start without adding any weight to them. Keeping the bars level and balanced while you walk will increase the difficulty and impact of this exercise.
Walk for 30–60 yd (27–55 m) at a slow, steady pace. Focus on keeping the bars steady and level.
Do 2-3 sets, with 3-4 minutes between sets—these will really work your muscles!
2-4. Use dumbbells for bent-over lateral raises.
Hold a dumbbell at each hip, keeping your knees at shoulder width and bent slightly, and your back straight but bent slightly forward. With your palms facing your hips, bend your elbows slightly and raise the dumbbells to your sides, raising them as close to parallel with your shoulders as you can. Hold the pose for up about 1 second, then slowly return to the starting position.
Focus on your shoulder blades as you do the maneuver, and try to bring them together as much as possible.
Do 3 sets of 10-12 reps, waiting 1-2 minutes between sets.
2-5. Do hex bar deadlifts if you have access to a hex bar.
Stand inside the hexagonal frame with your feet hip-width apart. Keep your back straight as you lean forward and bend your knees to grip the handles to the sides of the hexagon. Puff your chest out and look straight ahead as you lift the weight and stand fully upright. Hold the lift for about 1 second, then slowly lower the hex bar to the starting position.
A hex bar looks a bit like this: -⇔- ; and you stand inside the hexagon while lifting up the bar and any weights you've placed on the ends of the bar extensions.
A hex bar more evenly distributes the weight around your body, making these deadlifts easier on your lower back and safer overall than traditional deadlifts. If you are properly trained, however, you can do classic deadlifts instead.
Do 2-3 sets of 3-6 reps, then finish up with 1-2 sets of 10-12 reps. Rest for 1-2 minutes between sets.
2-6. Do bent-over rows with a hex bar or barbell.
Set up in the same position as with the deadlifts, and lift the weight so that you're standing upright while holding the bar at your upper thighs. Keeping your knees slightly bent and your back straight, bend at the waist so that your upper body is nearly parallel to the floor. While maintaining your firm hold on the bar, bring your hands up to the sides of your chest, hold them in position for 1-2 seconds, then slowly lower them until your elbows are only slightly bent.
Bring the weight slowly back up to your chest to start another rep.
As with deadlifts, a hex bar is a safer choice than a traditional barbell for bent-over rows.
Work slowly, breathe deeply, and focus on squeezing your shoulder blades together with each lift.
Do 3-4 sets of 6-10 reps, and wait 1-2 minutes between sets.
Upright rows are another great way to keep your trap muscles functional for day-to-day life.
If you can do 15 reps of upright rows with 50 kg (110 lb), you actually have over 500 lb (230 kg) of strength.
3. Body-Weight and Machine Exercises
3-1. Do slow-speed pull-ups with pauses to hold each pull-up.
Grasp the pull-up bar so that your hands are at shoulder width and your palms are facing outward (also called an overhand grip). Use your arms to steadily pull your body weight upward until your chin is above the height of the bar, hold the pose for 1-2 seconds, then slowly lower your body down to the starting position (with your feet off the floor).
Focus on squeezing your shoulder blades together with each pull-up.
Holding each pull-up will increase the impact on your traps.
Do 3-4 sets of 10-12 reps, waiting 1-2 minutes between sets.
3-2. Use a pull-down machine instead of (or alongside) doing pull-ups.
Set the height of the pull-down bar so that you can grasp it with both hands at wider than shoulder width and maintain the proper form: seated on the bench with your feet flat on the floor, your back straight and upright, and your elbows slightly bent. Slowly pull the bar down in front of your face and touch your upper chest, hold the pull for 2-3 seconds, then return to the starting position.
Don't lean back when you pull the bar down—keep your back still and straight. Instead, squeeze your shoulder blades together as you pull.
Do 3-4 sets of 10-12 reps, and pause 1-2 minutes between sets.
Pull-downs work essentially the same muscle groups as pull-ups, but many people find them easier to do with proper form.
3-3. Set up a cable machine to do face pulls.
Attach a rope to a cable machine and grasp the ends of the rope while standing or sitting. Adjust your position and the height of the machine so that your arms are extended and parallel to the floor—your elbows should be only slightly higher than your wrists. Slowly pull the rope towards your face, bringing your hands to the sides of your chin if possible. Hold the pose for 2-3 seconds, then slowly release it.
Bend your elbows and pinch your shoulder blades with each pull. Try not to lurch your upper body back and forth.
Do 3-4 sets of 12-15 reps, waiting 1-2 minutes between sets.
You can do a variation of this exercise by wrapping a resistance band around a support beam or steady metal pole.
3-4. Use a calf machine to do shoulder shrugs.
Set up the calf machine so that the pads are resting on the tops of your shoulders while you're standing upright with your feet hip-width apart. Instead of raising your heels to push the pads up, keep your feet flat on the floor and shrug your shoulders upward. Hold the shrug for 1-2 seconds, then slowly release it.
Do 3-4 sets of 12-15 repetitions. Rest for 1-2 minutes between sets.
Tips
Make sure to do some stretches that will target your traps after you finish your workout. The child's pose is a good option.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Maximizing Your Trap Workouts\\n1-1. Do 2 trap workouts per week, with adequate rest days.\\nTo get the best results, it's important to neither under-work nor over-work your traps. For most people, 2 trap workouts per week is the ideal amount. Each trap-focused session should last roughly 20 to 30 minutes.\\nRest your traps for 3 days between sessions. For instance, work your traps on Monday, Friday, and the following Tuesday. You can do other strength-training sessions in between, but don't overwork your traps while focusing on adjacent areas like your back and shoulders.\\nIf your traps remain sore or tight up to the time of your next trap workout, cut back on your workout frequency, intensity, or both.\\nIf you feel moderate pain during a trap workout, stop and rest the area for a few days. If you feel severe pain, stop and contact your doctor.\\n1-2. Limit yourself to 8 separate trap exercises per workout.\\nAs with the twice-per-week workout schedule, this seems to be the “magic number” for getting the best results. In most cases, doing 8 separate exercises will give your traps a full workout without overworking them.\\nThis doesn't mean you have to do the same 8 exercises during every trap workout, though. You may have 2 or 3 exercises that you want to do every time, but feel free to mix things up! Different trap exercises train the muscle in subtly different ways.\\nIf you're just starting out, you may want to begin with 4-5 separate trap exercises per session, and then build up to 8 over the span of several weeks.\\n1-3. Use lighter weights for full, slow muscle contractions with proper form.\\nYour trap muscles play a part in a wide range of strength-training exercises, but it takes a little extra focus and care to target them specifically. To get the most from your trap exercises, you need to slowly and fully contract and release them—and that's easier to do if you're not maxing out on your dumbbells or barbell.\\nFor most trap exercises, you want to take 1-2 seconds to contract the muscles, hold the muscle contraction for 2-3 seconds, take 1-2 seconds to release them, then pause 2-3 seconds before the next repetition (rep).\\nIf you have to jerk the weights or rush through the exercises with poor form, choose lighter weights. Use weights that make doing the exercise a greater physical challenge without negatively impacting your form.\\nTake special care to focus on your grip, body positioning, and breathing. Use a mirror or, even better, work with a personal trainer for at least a few sessions so you can perfect your exercise form.\\n1-4. Use gloves or wrist grips to focus more on form and less on grip.\\nMany trap exercises involve holding weights to your sides or in front of you, which means a good grip is essential. A good set of lifting gloves will help, or you can try wrist grips. That way, you don't have to worry about losing your grip while targeting your traps.\\nDon't use wrist grips as an excuse to lift heavier weights than you can handle, though. Your form will suffer and you'll probably injure yourself.\\nYou can buy gloves or wrist straps online or at any sporting goods or fitness supply store.\\nKeep in mind that wrist straps will not help you to build up functional strength in your wrists, so some people see them as a crutch.\\n2. Barbell and Dumbbell Exercises\\n2-1. Do shoulder shrugs with a barbell.\\nGrasp a barbell (with or without weights attached) and hold it at thigh level while standing upright with your feet shoulder-width apart. Without moving the rest of your body, slowly raise your shoulders up as high as you can, and hold the shrug for 2-3 seconds. Slowly release the shrug and repeat.\\nDo 3-4 sets of 10-12 repetitions (reps) each, waiting 1-2 minutes between sets.\\nYou can use dumbbells instead of a barbell, if desired. Hold the dumbbells so that your knuckles are facing forward, the same as they would be when holding a barbell.\\n2-2. Try doing a farmer's walk with dumbbells.\\nGrasp a dumbbell in each hand and hold them at your hips, palms facing in. Maintain an upright stance and start walking at a steady pace. Don't swing your arms back and forth—keep the weights pinned to your sides. Aim to walk for about 50–100 yd (46–91 m).\\nDo this walk 2-3 times total, waiting 2-3 minutes between walks.\\nAt an average walking pace, you can cover 100 yd (91 m) in about 1 minute.\\nYou ultimate goal should be to use dumbbells with a combined weight that is equal (or even greater than) your body weight. Start with a lower weight amount and work your way up, however. Use gloves or wrist grips for safety as well.\\nKeep your shoulders squared and avoid letting them drop or roll forward as you do this.\\n2-3. Advance to doing farmer's walks with barbells instead.\\nOnce you're fully comfortable doing farmer's walks with dumbbells, try doing them while grasping barbells in each hand instead. Grab the barbells right in the middle, and start without adding any weight to them. Keeping the bars level and balanced while you walk will increase the difficulty and impact of this exercise.\\nWalk for 30–60 yd (27–55 m) at a slow, steady pace. Focus on keeping the bars steady and level.\\nDo 2-3 sets, with 3-4 minutes between sets—these will really work your muscles!\\n2-4. Use dumbbells for bent-over lateral raises.\\nHold a dumbbell at each hip, keeping your knees at shoulder width and bent slightly, and your back straight but bent slightly forward. With your palms facing your hips, bend your elbows slightly and raise the dumbbells to your sides, raising them as close to parallel with your shoulders as you can. Hold the pose for up about 1 second, then slowly return to the starting position.\\nFocus on your shoulder blades as you do the maneuver, and try to bring them together as much as possible.\\nDo 3 sets of 10-12 reps, waiting 1-2 minutes between sets.\\n2-5. Do hex bar deadlifts if you have access to a hex bar.\\nStand inside the hexagonal frame with your feet hip-width apart. Keep your back straight as you lean forward and bend your knees to grip the handles to the sides of the hexagon. Puff your chest out and look straight ahead as you lift the weight and stand fully upright. Hold the lift for about 1 second, then slowly lower the hex bar to the starting position.\\nA hex bar looks a bit like this: -⇔- ; and you stand inside the hexagon while lifting up the bar and any weights you've placed on the ends of the bar extensions.\\nA hex bar more evenly distributes the weight around your body, making these deadlifts easier on your lower back and safer overall than traditional deadlifts. If you are properly trained, however, you can do classic deadlifts instead.\\nDo 2-3 sets of 3-6 reps, then finish up with 1-2 sets of 10-12 reps. Rest for 1-2 minutes between sets.\\n2-6. Do bent-over rows with a hex bar or barbell.\\nSet up in the same position as with the deadlifts, and lift the weight so that you're standing upright while holding the bar at your upper thighs. Keeping your knees slightly bent and your back straight, bend at the waist so that your upper body is nearly parallel to the floor. While maintaining your firm hold on the bar, bring your hands up to the sides of your chest, hold them in position for 1-2 seconds, then slowly lower them until your elbows are only slightly bent.\\nBring the weight slowly back up to your chest to start another rep.\\nAs with deadlifts, a hex bar is a safer choice than a traditional barbell for bent-over rows.\\nWork slowly, breathe deeply, and focus on squeezing your shoulder blades together with each lift.\\nDo 3-4 sets of 6-10 reps, and wait 1-2 minutes between sets.\\nUpright rows are another great way to keep your trap muscles functional for day-to-day life.\\nIf you can do 15 reps of upright rows with 50 kg (110 lb), you actually have over 500 lb (230 kg) of strength.\\n3. Body-Weight and Machine Exercises\\n3-1. Do slow-speed pull-ups with pauses to hold each pull-up.\\nGrasp the pull-up bar so that your hands are at shoulder width and your palms are facing outward (also called an overhand grip). Use your arms to steadily pull your body weight upward until your chin is above the height of the bar, hold the pose for 1-2 seconds, then slowly lower your body down to the starting position (with your feet off the floor).\\nFocus on squeezing your shoulder blades together with each pull-up.\\nHolding each pull-up will increase the impact on your traps.\\nDo 3-4 sets of 10-12 reps, waiting 1-2 minutes between sets.\\n3-2. Use a pull-down machine instead of (or alongside) doing pull-ups.\\nSet the height of the pull-down bar so that you can grasp it with both hands at wider than shoulder width and maintain the proper form: seated on the bench with your feet flat on the floor, your back straight and upright, and your elbows slightly bent. Slowly pull the bar down in front of your face and touch your upper chest, hold the pull for 2-3 seconds, then return to the starting position.\\nDon't lean back when you pull the bar down—keep your back still and straight. Instead, squeeze your shoulder blades together as you pull.\\nDo 3-4 sets of 10-12 reps, and pause 1-2 minutes between sets.\\nPull-downs work essentially the same muscle groups as pull-ups, but many people find them easier to do with proper form.\\n3-3. Set up a cable machine to do face pulls.\\nAttach a rope to a cable machine and grasp the ends of the rope while standing or sitting. Adjust your position and the height of the machine so that your arms are extended and parallel to the floor—your elbows should be only slightly higher than your wrists. Slowly pull the rope towards your face, bringing your hands to the sides of your chin if possible. Hold the pose for 2-3 seconds, then slowly release it.\\nBend your elbows and pinch your shoulder blades with each pull. Try not to lurch your upper body back and forth.\\nDo 3-4 sets of 12-15 reps, waiting 1-2 minutes between sets.\\nYou can do a variation of this exercise by wrapping a resistance band around a support beam or steady metal pole.\\n3-4. Use a calf machine to do shoulder shrugs.\\nSet up the calf machine so that the pads are resting on the tops of your shoulders while you're standing upright with your feet hip-width apart. Instead of raising your heels to push the pads up, keep your feet flat on the floor and shrug your shoulders upward. Hold the shrug for 1-2 seconds, then slowly release it.\\nDo 3-4 sets of 12-15 repetitions. Rest for 1-2 minutes between sets.\\nTips\\nMake sure to do some stretches that will target your traps after you finish your workout. The child's pose is a good option.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Your trapezius muscles (or “traps”) run from the back of your neck to your shoulders. Bodybuilders nearly always have huge traps, because these muscles are involved in most major strength training exercises. To focus on building up your traps, do 2 “trap sessions” per week and pick out 8 trap-specific exercises. With each exercise, work slowly and focus on squeezing your shoulder blades together.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Maximizing Your Trap Workouts\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do 2 trap workouts per week, with adequate rest days.\", \"描述\": \"To get the best results, it's important to neither under-work nor over-work your traps. For most people, 2 trap workouts per week is the ideal amount. Each trap-focused session should last roughly 20 to 30 minutes.\\nRest your traps for 3 days between sessions. For instance, work your traps on Monday, Friday, and the following Tuesday. You can do other strength-training sessions in between, but don't overwork your traps while focusing on adjacent areas like your back and shoulders.\\nIf your traps remain sore or tight up to the time of your next trap workout, cut back on your workout frequency, intensity, or both.\\nIf you feel moderate pain during a trap workout, stop and rest the area for a few days. If you feel severe pain, stop and contact your doctor.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Limit yourself to 8 separate trap exercises per workout.\", \"描述\": \"As with the twice-per-week workout schedule, this seems to be the “magic number” for getting the best results. In most cases, doing 8 separate exercises will give your traps a full workout without overworking them.\\nThis doesn't mean you have to do the same 8 exercises during every trap workout, though. You may have 2 or 3 exercises that you want to do every time, but feel free to mix things up! Different trap exercises train the muscle in subtly different ways.\\nIf you're just starting out, you may want to begin with 4-5 separate trap exercises per session, and then build up to 8 over the span of several weeks.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use lighter weights for full, slow muscle contractions with proper form.\", \"描述\": \"Your trap muscles play a part in a wide range of strength-training exercises, but it takes a little extra focus and care to target them specifically. To get the most from your trap exercises, you need to slowly and fully contract and release them—and that's easier to do if you're not maxing out on your dumbbells or barbell.\\nFor most trap exercises, you want to take 1-2 seconds to contract the muscles, hold the muscle contraction for 2-3 seconds, take 1-2 seconds to release them, then pause 2-3 seconds before the next repetition (rep).\\nIf you have to jerk the weights or rush through the exercises with poor form, choose lighter weights. Use weights that make doing the exercise a greater physical challenge without negatively impacting your form.\\nTake special care to focus on your grip, body positioning, and breathing. Use a mirror or, even better, work with a personal trainer for at least a few sessions so you can perfect your exercise form.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use gloves or wrist grips to focus more on form and less on grip.\", \"描述\": \"Many trap exercises involve holding weights to your sides or in front of you, which means a good grip is essential. A good set of lifting gloves will help, or you can try wrist grips. That way, you don't have to worry about losing your grip while targeting your traps.\\nDon't use wrist grips as an excuse to lift heavier weights than you can handle, though. Your form will suffer and you'll probably injure yourself.\\nYou can buy gloves or wrist straps online or at any sporting goods or fitness supply store.\\nKeep in mind that wrist straps will not help you to build up functional strength in your wrists, so some people see them as a crutch.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Barbell and Dumbbell Exercises\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do shoulder shrugs with a barbell.\", \"描述\": \"Grasp a barbell (with or without weights attached) and hold it at thigh level while standing upright with your feet shoulder-width apart. Without moving the rest of your body, slowly raise your shoulders up as high as you can, and hold the shrug for 2-3 seconds. Slowly release the shrug and repeat.\\nDo 3-4 sets of 10-12 repetitions (reps) each, waiting 1-2 minutes between sets.\\nYou can use dumbbells instead of a barbell, if desired. Hold the dumbbells so that your knuckles are facing forward, the same as they would be when holding a barbell.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try doing a farmer's walk with dumbbells.\", \"描述\": \"Grasp a dumbbell in each hand and hold them at your hips, palms facing in. Maintain an upright stance and start walking at a steady pace. Don't swing your arms back and forth—keep the weights pinned to your sides. Aim to walk for about 50–100 yd (46–91 m).\\nDo this walk 2-3 times total, waiting 2-3 minutes between walks.\\nAt an average walking pace, you can cover 100 yd (91 m) in about 1 minute.\\nYou ultimate goal should be to use dumbbells with a combined weight that is equal (or even greater than) your body weight. Start with a lower weight amount and work your way up, however. Use gloves or wrist grips for safety as well.\\nKeep your shoulders squared and avoid letting them drop or roll forward as you do this.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Advance to doing farmer's walks with barbells instead.\", \"描述\": \"Once you're fully comfortable doing farmer's walks with dumbbells, try doing them while grasping barbells in each hand instead. Grab the barbells right in the middle, and start without adding any weight to them. Keeping the bars level and balanced while you walk will increase the difficulty and impact of this exercise.\\nWalk for 30–60 yd (27–55 m) at a slow, steady pace. Focus on keeping the bars steady and level.\\nDo 2-3 sets, with 3-4 minutes between sets—these will really work your muscles!\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use dumbbells for bent-over lateral raises.\", \"描述\": \"Hold a dumbbell at each hip, keeping your knees at shoulder width and bent slightly, and your back straight but bent slightly forward. With your palms facing your hips, bend your elbows slightly and raise the dumbbells to your sides, raising them as close to parallel with your shoulders as you can. Hold the pose for up about 1 second, then slowly return to the starting position.\\nFocus on your shoulder blades as you do the maneuver, and try to bring them together as much as possible.\\nDo 3 sets of 10-12 reps, waiting 1-2 minutes between sets.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do hex bar deadlifts if you have access to a hex bar.\", \"描述\": \"Stand inside the hexagonal frame with your feet hip-width apart. Keep your back straight as you lean forward and bend your knees to grip the handles to the sides of the hexagon. Puff your chest out and look straight ahead as you lift the weight and stand fully upright. Hold the lift for about 1 second, then slowly lower the hex bar to the starting position.\\nA hex bar looks a bit like this: -⇔- ; and you stand inside the hexagon while lifting up the bar and any weights you've placed on the ends of the bar extensions.\\nA hex bar more evenly distributes the weight around your body, making these deadlifts easier on your lower back and safer overall than traditional deadlifts. If you are properly trained, however, you can do classic deadlifts instead.\\nDo 2-3 sets of 3-6 reps, then finish up with 1-2 sets of 10-12 reps. Rest for 1-2 minutes between sets.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Do bent-over rows with a hex bar or barbell.\", \"描述\": \"Set up in the same position as with the deadlifts, and lift the weight so that you're standing upright while holding the bar at your upper thighs. Keeping your knees slightly bent and your back straight, bend at the waist so that your upper body is nearly parallel to the floor. While maintaining your firm hold on the bar, bring your hands up to the sides of your chest, hold them in position for 1-2 seconds, then slowly lower them until your elbows are only slightly bent.\\nBring the weight slowly back up to your chest to start another rep.\\nAs with deadlifts, a hex bar is a safer choice than a traditional barbell for bent-over rows.\\nWork slowly, breathe deeply, and focus on squeezing your shoulder blades together with each lift.\\nDo 3-4 sets of 6-10 reps, and wait 1-2 minutes between sets.\\nUpright rows are another great way to keep your trap muscles functional for day-to-day life.\\nIf you can do 15 reps of upright rows with 50 kg (110 lb), you actually have over 500 lb (230 kg) of strength.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Body-Weight and Machine Exercises\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do slow-speed pull-ups with pauses to hold each pull-up.\", \"描述\": \"Grasp the pull-up bar so that your hands are at shoulder width and your palms are facing outward (also called an overhand grip). Use your arms to steadily pull your body weight upward until your chin is above the height of the bar, hold the pose for 1-2 seconds, then slowly lower your body down to the starting position (with your feet off the floor).\\nFocus on squeezing your shoulder blades together with each pull-up.\\nHolding each pull-up will increase the impact on your traps.\\nDo 3-4 sets of 10-12 reps, waiting 1-2 minutes between sets.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use a pull-down machine instead of (or alongside) doing pull-ups.\", \"描述\": \"Set the height of the pull-down bar so that you can grasp it with both hands at wider than shoulder width and maintain the proper form: seated on the bench with your feet flat on the floor, your back straight and upright, and your elbows slightly bent. Slowly pull the bar down in front of your face and touch your upper chest, hold the pull for 2-3 seconds, then return to the starting position.\\nDon't lean back when you pull the bar down—keep your back still and straight. Instead, squeeze your shoulder blades together as you pull.\\nDo 3-4 sets of 10-12 reps, and pause 1-2 minutes between sets.\\nPull-downs work essentially the same muscle groups as pull-ups, but many people find them easier to do with proper form.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Set up a cable machine to do face pulls.\", \"描述\": \"Attach a rope to a cable machine and grasp the ends of the rope while standing or sitting. Adjust your position and the height of the machine so that your arms are extended and parallel to the floor—your elbows should be only slightly higher than your wrists. Slowly pull the rope towards your face, bringing your hands to the sides of your chin if possible. Hold the pose for 2-3 seconds, then slowly release it.\\nBend your elbows and pinch your shoulder blades with each pull. Try not to lurch your upper body back and forth.\\nDo 3-4 sets of 12-15 reps, waiting 1-2 minutes between sets.\\nYou can do a variation of this exercise by wrapping a resistance band around a support beam or steady metal pole.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use a calf machine to do shoulder shrugs.\", \"描述\": \"Set up the calf machine so that the pads are resting on the tops of your shoulders while you're standing upright with your feet hip-width apart. Instead of raising your heels to push the pads up, keep your feet flat on the floor and shrug your shoulders upward. Hold the shrug for 1-2 seconds, then slowly release it.\\nDo 3-4 sets of 12-15 repetitions. Rest for 1-2 minutes between sets.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Make sure to do some stretches that will target your traps after you finish your workout. The child's pose is a good option.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,094 |
How to Build Bleachers
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1. Steps
1-1. Begin building the base of the bleachers.
Use 2 2-by-4's of 10 feet (3.05 m) in length to form the length of the frame, which will be rectangular.
Measure and cut 2 69 inch (175.3 cm) 2-by-4's to form the width of the frame.
Put the shorter boards at a right angle inside the longer boards. Taking into account the standard thickness of a 2-by-4 (1.5 inches or 3.8 cm), the total depth of the frame will be 72 inches (6 feet or 182.9 cm).
Nail the 2-by-4's together with 16d nails
1-2. Complete construction of the base of the bleachers.
Cut 5 more 69 inch (175.3 cm) boards.
Measure the 10 foot (3.04 m) sides of the frame, marking off sections in 20 inch (50.8 cm) intervals.
Nail the 69 inch (175.3 cm) boards inside the rectangular frame at each point you marked.
Measure the frame along its depth. Mark points with a pencil at 15 inches (38.1 cm), 30 inches (76.2 cm), and 45 inches (116.8 cm).
1-3. Cut boards to make the risers for the bleachers.
The risers will be staggered heights to accommodate alternating seating and foot-rest sections. Cut 14 2-by-4's at these heights: 12 inches (30.5 cm), 18 inches (45.7 cm), 24 inches (61 cm), 30 inches (76.2 cm), and 42 inches (106 cm).
1-4. Install the risers.
Nail 2 of the 18 inch (45.7 cm) boards into the frame starting at the front of the frame at the left-hand corner. Nail the rest of the 18 inch (45.7 cm) boards, in pairs, into the front of the frame where it joins the 69 inch (175.3 cm) boards (every 20 inches or 50.8 cm). This group of risers will serve as the supports for the first row of seating. Repeat the process with the other board lengths at the corresponding points.
At the 15 inch (63.6 cm) mark along the width of the frame, secure 2 12 inch (30.5 cm) boards at the frame's edge. Moving left to right, nail the rest of the 12 inch (30.5 cm) boards, in pairs, into the frame at the proper coordinates.
Attach the 30 inch (76.2 cm) risers at the 30 inch (76.2 cm) mark. Remember to secure to 2 at a time along the width of the frame.
Secure the 24 inch (61 cm) risers across the width of the frame at the 45 inch (116.8 cm) mark.
Nail the 42 inch (106 cm) risers into the back edge of the frame. This group provides the support for the third row of seating.
1-5. Prepare the boards for the foot rests and seating.
Measure drill points in each of the 5 12 foot (3.66 m) 2-by-4's you will be using.
Mark 2 drill points for each riser, each 1 inch (2.54 cm) in from the edge of the board. The boards will hang 1 foot (30.5 cm) over each side of the frame, so the first measurement for drilling should be 1 foot (30.5 cm) in from the edge.
Mark the next measurement at the 32 inch (81.3 cm) mark. The subsequent drill marks would come at 20 inch (50.8 cm) intervals, corresponding with the risers that support the board.
1-6. Secure the boards into the risers.
Screw the boards into the risers using a power drill and deck screws.
1-7. Sand the boards.
Use a power sander with 100-grit paper over the large surfaces. Sand edges by hand. Make sure all surfaces are smooth to reduce the chance of people getting splinters.
1-8. Add stain to the bleachers.
Select a hardwood stain to protect the wood. Start staining the edges and corners of the wood, using a small brush. Use a larger brush for flat sections, applying the stain evenly.
1-9. Seal the wood.
Apply a matte seal to the wood to waterproof it. Use the same brush technique as you did with the stain.
Tips
Make sure you build bleachers where you want them. Once they're built, they'll be difficult to move.
In this design, the people sitting in the first row don't have a foot rest. Their feet will be on the ground.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Begin building the base of the bleachers.\\nUse 2 2-by-4's of 10 feet (3.05 m) in length to form the length of the frame, which will be rectangular.\\nMeasure and cut 2 69 inch (175.3 cm) 2-by-4's to form the width of the frame.\\nPut the shorter boards at a right angle inside the longer boards. Taking into account the standard thickness of a 2-by-4 (1.5 inches or 3.8 cm), the total depth of the frame will be 72 inches (6 feet or 182.9 cm).\\nNail the 2-by-4's together with 16d nails\\n1-2. Complete construction of the base of the bleachers.\\nCut 5 more 69 inch (175.3 cm) boards.\\nMeasure the 10 foot (3.04 m) sides of the frame, marking off sections in 20 inch (50.8 cm) intervals.\\nNail the 69 inch (175.3 cm) boards inside the rectangular frame at each point you marked.\\nMeasure the frame along its depth. Mark points with a pencil at 15 inches (38.1 cm), 30 inches (76.2 cm), and 45 inches (116.8 cm).\\n1-3. Cut boards to make the risers for the bleachers.\\nThe risers will be staggered heights to accommodate alternating seating and foot-rest sections. Cut 14 2-by-4's at these heights: 12 inches (30.5 cm), 18 inches (45.7 cm), 24 inches (61 cm), 30 inches (76.2 cm), and 42 inches (106 cm).\\n1-4. Install the risers.\\nNail 2 of the 18 inch (45.7 cm) boards into the frame starting at the front of the frame at the left-hand corner. Nail the rest of the 18 inch (45.7 cm) boards, in pairs, into the front of the frame where it joins the 69 inch (175.3 cm) boards (every 20 inches or 50.8 cm). This group of risers will serve as the supports for the first row of seating. Repeat the process with the other board lengths at the corresponding points.\\nAt the 15 inch (63.6 cm) mark along the width of the frame, secure 2 12 inch (30.5 cm) boards at the frame's edge. Moving left to right, nail the rest of the 12 inch (30.5 cm) boards, in pairs, into the frame at the proper coordinates.\\nAttach the 30 inch (76.2 cm) risers at the 30 inch (76.2 cm) mark. Remember to secure to 2 at a time along the width of the frame.\\nSecure the 24 inch (61 cm) risers across the width of the frame at the 45 inch (116.8 cm) mark.\\nNail the 42 inch (106 cm) risers into the back edge of the frame. This group provides the support for the third row of seating.\\n1-5. Prepare the boards for the foot rests and seating.\\nMeasure drill points in each of the 5 12 foot (3.66 m) 2-by-4's you will be using.\\nMark 2 drill points for each riser, each 1 inch (2.54 cm) in from the edge of the board. The boards will hang 1 foot (30.5 cm) over each side of the frame, so the first measurement for drilling should be 1 foot (30.5 cm) in from the edge.\\nMark the next measurement at the 32 inch (81.3 cm) mark. The subsequent drill marks would come at 20 inch (50.8 cm) intervals, corresponding with the risers that support the board.\\n1-6. Secure the boards into the risers.\\nScrew the boards into the risers using a power drill and deck screws.\\n1-7. Sand the boards.\\nUse a power sander with 100-grit paper over the large surfaces. Sand edges by hand. Make sure all surfaces are smooth to reduce the chance of people getting splinters.\\n1-8. Add stain to the bleachers.\\nSelect a hardwood stain to protect the wood. Start staining the edges and corners of the wood, using a small brush. Use a larger brush for flat sections, applying the stain evenly.\\n1-9. Seal the wood.\\nApply a matte seal to the wood to waterproof it. Use the same brush technique as you did with the stain.\\nTips\\nMake sure you build bleachers where you want them. Once they're built, they'll be difficult to move.\\nIn this design, the people sitting in the first row don't have a foot rest. Their feet will be on the ground.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A set of bleachers can enhance the experience of watching any outdoor activity, including youth sports. With bleachers available, observers don't have to stand for hours or lug portable seats to the site. If you want to build bleachers for an outdoor venue, follow these steps.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Begin building the base of the bleachers.\", \"描述\": \"Use 2 2-by-4's of 10 feet (3.05 m) in length to form the length of the frame, which will be rectangular.\\nMeasure and cut 2 69 inch (175.3 cm) 2-by-4's to form the width of the frame.\\nPut the shorter boards at a right angle inside the longer boards. Taking into account the standard thickness of a 2-by-4 (1.5 inches or 3.8 cm), the total depth of the frame will be 72 inches (6 feet or 182.9 cm).\\nNail the 2-by-4's together with 16d nails\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Complete construction of the base of the bleachers.\", \"描述\": \"Cut 5 more 69 inch (175.3 cm) boards.\\nMeasure the 10 foot (3.04 m) sides of the frame, marking off sections in 20 inch (50.8 cm) intervals.\\nNail the 69 inch (175.3 cm) boards inside the rectangular frame at each point you marked.\\nMeasure the frame along its depth. Mark points with a pencil at 15 inches (38.1 cm), 30 inches (76.2 cm), and 45 inches (116.8 cm).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cut boards to make the risers for the bleachers.\", \"描述\": \"The risers will be staggered heights to accommodate alternating seating and foot-rest sections. Cut 14 2-by-4's at these heights: 12 inches (30.5 cm), 18 inches (45.7 cm), 24 inches (61 cm), 30 inches (76.2 cm), and 42 inches (106 cm).\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Install the risers.\", \"描述\": \"Nail 2 of the 18 inch (45.7 cm) boards into the frame starting at the front of the frame at the left-hand corner. Nail the rest of the 18 inch (45.7 cm) boards, in pairs, into the front of the frame where it joins the 69 inch (175.3 cm) boards (every 20 inches or 50.8 cm). This group of risers will serve as the supports for the first row of seating. Repeat the process with the other board lengths at the corresponding points.\\nAt the 15 inch (63.6 cm) mark along the width of the frame, secure 2 12 inch (30.5 cm) boards at the frame's edge. Moving left to right, nail the rest of the 12 inch (30.5 cm) boards, in pairs, into the frame at the proper coordinates.\\nAttach the 30 inch (76.2 cm) risers at the 30 inch (76.2 cm) mark. Remember to secure to 2 at a time along the width of the frame.\\nSecure the 24 inch (61 cm) risers across the width of the frame at the 45 inch (116.8 cm) mark.\\nNail the 42 inch (106 cm) risers into the back edge of the frame. This group provides the support for the third row of seating.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Prepare the boards for the foot rests and seating.\", \"描述\": \"Measure drill points in each of the 5 12 foot (3.66 m) 2-by-4's you will be using.\\nMark 2 drill points for each riser, each 1 inch (2.54 cm) in from the edge of the board. The boards will hang 1 foot (30.5 cm) over each side of the frame, so the first measurement for drilling should be 1 foot (30.5 cm) in from the edge.\\nMark the next measurement at the 32 inch (81.3 cm) mark. The subsequent drill marks would come at 20 inch (50.8 cm) intervals, corresponding with the risers that support the board.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Secure the boards into the risers.\", \"描述\": \"Screw the boards into the risers using a power drill and deck screws.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Sand the boards.\", \"描述\": \"Use a power sander with 100-grit paper over the large surfaces. Sand edges by hand. Make sure all surfaces are smooth to reduce the chance of people getting splinters.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Add stain to the bleachers.\", \"描述\": \"Select a hardwood stain to protect the wood. Start staining the edges and corners of the wood, using a small brush. Use a larger brush for flat sections, applying the stain evenly.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Seal the wood.\", \"描述\": \"Apply a matte seal to the wood to waterproof it. Use the same brush technique as you did with the stain.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Make sure you build bleachers where you want them. Once they're built, they'll be difficult to move.\\n\", \"In this design, the people sitting in the first row don't have a foot rest. Their feet will be on the ground.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,095 |
How to Build Brick Columns
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1. Building the Footing
1-1. Dig a square, level hole where you want your brick column to go.
This is where the footing, or foundation, of your column will be. It's important that you build the footing down into the ground as opposed to on the surface so that your column is stable. The depth and dimensions of the hole will depend on several factors, like the size of your column, how much weight it will support, and the kind of ground you're building on. If you're not sure, do some research online or consult with a professional mason.
As a rule of thumb, the hole should be at least 12 inches (30 cm) deep.
Make sure the hole is at least 4 inches (10 cm) longer and wider than your column will be so you have enough room to build the footing.
Verify that the bottom of the hole you dug is level before you proceed. If it's not level, your brick column won't be either, so you'll want to level it first.
1-2. Make a frame that's 4 inches (10 cm) longer and wider than the column will be.
Cut a wooden plank or stud into 4 pieces—1 piece for each side of the frame—and nail them together to make a square frame. Then, place the frame in the hole you dug so it's laying flat on the bottom of the hole. Since you'll be using the empty inside of the frame to make your footing, make sure the frame is 4 inches (10 cm) longer and wider than your column will be when measured from the inside edges of the wood and not the outside edges.
For example, if you want to build a concrete column that's 24 by 24 inches (61 cm × 61 cm), you'd want to make a frame that's 28 by 28 inches (71 cm × 71 cm) when measured from the inside edges of the frame.
1-3. Fill the frame with concrete
Once you've poured the concrete, take a piece of wood and drag it across the surface of the frame to scrape off any excess concrete and smooth out the surface so it's level for your column. Then, wait for the concrete to dry.
How long it takes for the concrete to dry will depend on the type of concrete you use. Some concrete can take weeks to fully cure, while others are designed to dry in a few hours. If you want to speed up your project, try using a fast-setting concrete mix so you can pour the concrete and start working on your column all on the same day.
Alternatively if the column isn't load-bearing or very tall, you can later bricks and more in an area 18 inches (46 cm) deep and 4 inches (10 cm) wider than the column.
The size of your foundation depends on how high you want to make your column. For example, if you're making a 2 ft (0.61 m) column, pour an 8 in (20 cm) concrete foundation and put in rebar facing upwards in the concrete. On top of the rebar, place cinder blocks before laying the brick on top of it.
1-4. Remove the wooden frame and dry-lay the first course of bricks you'll be using.
Dry-laying your bricks is just arranging them on the footing in the pattern you'll be using without actually securing them to the footing with mortar. Simply take all the bricks you'll use for the first course (the first layer of your column) and lay them on top of the footing so the ends are touching and they form a square or rectangle. Don't put a brick in the center of the course since the center of your brick column will be hollow. Also, leave a ⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) space between each neighboring brick so you can connect them with mortar later on.
When the bricks are centered on the footing, there should be 4 inches (10 cm) of footing extending off of each side.
1-5. Trace the outer and inner edges of the course, then remove the bricks.
Use a pencil to trace all around the outer edge of the course and then along the inner edge of the course so you're left with 2 rectangles or squares, 1 inside of the other. This will give you an outline to use when you spread the first layer of mortar on the footing.
When you reach a gap between the bricks, just draw a straight line across the gap to the next brick as if the gap wasn't there.
2. Laying the Bricks
2-1. Spread a ⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) layer of mortar inside the lines on the footing.
Use a trowel to apply the mortar to the footing, and try to stay inside the reference lines as much as possible. However, it's OK if you go outside of the lines a little bit—you can always scrape the mortar off later before it dries.
Don't apply any mortar to the center of the footing, which is outside of the outline you drew. You only want to apply mortar where you'll be laying bricks. The center of the footing is where the inside of your column will be, which will be hollow.
Wear long pants and sleeves when working with mortar since it can irritate your skin.
2-2. Lay the first course of bricks on top of the mortar.
Take the same bricks you used to dry-lay and mark the footing and set them on the mortar in the same pattern you did before. Before you lay each brick, spread a ⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) layer of mortar on the end that will be joined with the next brick in the pattern. When you're finished, all of the bricks should be connected with mortar and evenly spaced apart.
You want to make sure that you're applying an even layer of mortar to each brick so that your column has a uniform, balanced appearance when it's finished.
Make a weep hole in the base layer of bricks by coating a pencil with vegetable oil and inserting it into one of the bottom mortar joints. Pull the pencil out once the mortar is dry. This helps drain any moisture that may accumulate inside your column.
2-3. Repeat with the second course of bricks, but rotate the pattern 180 degrees.
First, spread a ⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) layer of mortar on top of the first course of bricks using the trowel. Then, take the same number of bricks as you used for the first course and place them on the mortar in the same pattern, just rotated 180 degrees. This will give your brick column the alternating pattern that is typically used in brick structures.
For example, if you're staring down at your first course of bricks and there are 2 horizontal bricks on top, 1 vertical brick on each side, and 1 horizontal brick on the bottom, you would lay the second course of bricks so there are 2 horizontal bricks on the bottom, 1 vertical brick on each side, and 1 horizontal brick on top.
2-4. Continue adding courses and rotating the brick pattern after each course.
The number of courses you add depends on how tall you want your brick column to be. Just remember to always rotate the pattern 180 degrees after each course of bricks you lay.
Make sure you maintain a consistent thickness with the mortar you apply between courses and bricks.
2-5. Check the column with a level after every other course.
If the bricks aren't level, you want to catch it early on so you don't compound the issue and realize your column is off once the mortar is already dry. To check if the column is level, hold a level against each side, including the top. If something isn't level, tap or push the bricks into the right position with the butt end of your trowel and then check them with the level again.
Run strings in each corner of your column from the bottom to the top and make sure they're straight with a level. This way you can make sure your bricks are straight and level as you build them up.
Don't add another course until you're certain all of the existing bricks are level.
2-6. Add a strip of ⁄4 inch (0.64 cm) thick wire mesh after every fourth course.
Wire mesh will add extra support that can help your brick column withstand heavier loads. To add the mesh, cut a strip that's as long and wide as the column. Then, apply a thin layer of mortar over the top course of bricks and lay the mesh over it. Finally, apply another thin layer of mortar over the top of the mesh before adding the next course.
You can find wire mesh online or at your local hardware store.
2-7. Smooth out any hardened mortar joints after every fifth course.
When you finish laying every fifth course, test all of the mortar joints on the column by pressing your finger into them. If any of the joints resist minimal pressure, they're hard enough to be smoothed out. Just take a jointing tool and go over those joints with it to scrape off the excess mortar. When you're finished, the joints should appear flush with the bricks.
Make sure you do this after every fifth course. Otherwise, some of the joints could harden too much, and you might not be able to smooth them out.
Use a masonry brush to clean your bricks as you build up so they look neater.
3. Adding the Final Course
3-1. Add a layer of mortar and wire mesh before the final course of bricks.
Apply the mesh as you did throughout the rest of the column. Just spread a thin layer of mortar over the top course, put down the mesh, and top it with another thin layer of mortar.
Don't skip this step. You'll need the wire mesh to help support the final course of bricks, which will have an extra brick in it.
3-2. Lay the final course of bricks, but add an extra brick in the center this time.
Since this will be the top of your brick column, you want to cover the hole in the center so it's not visible. To add the center brick, wait until you've put down the first 2 bricks in the final course. Then, lay the center brick and finish the rest of the course.
3-3. Smooth out any remaining joints before the mortar dries.
If there are any joints you haven't smoothed out yet, wait until they harden to the point where they resist minimal pressure. Then, use your jointing tool to scrape off the excess mortar so they're flush with the bricks.
Be careful you don't wait too long or the mortar could dry and you'll lose your chance to smooth out the joints.
3-4. Top your brick column with a capstone if you want a polished finish.
A capstone can be brick, concrete or stone, and it's put on top of a brick column to give it a nice, finished appearance. If you're interested in adding a capstone to your column, get one that's around 3 inches (7.6 cm) longer and wider than the column. Then, spread a layer of mortar on top of the column and center the capstone on top of it.
You can also make a brick capstone by using bricks that are larger than the ones you used in your column.
Cut your bricks in half and lay them with their sides facing out for added strength and visual appeal.
Tips
If your brick columns are supporting weight, consider laying concrete blocks inside the bricks at the same time.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:58:59",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Building the Footing\\n1-1. Dig a square, level hole where you want your brick column to go.\\nThis is where the footing, or foundation, of your column will be. It's important that you build the footing down into the ground as opposed to on the surface so that your column is stable. The depth and dimensions of the hole will depend on several factors, like the size of your column, how much weight it will support, and the kind of ground you're building on. If you're not sure, do some research online or consult with a professional mason.\\nAs a rule of thumb, the hole should be at least 12 inches (30 cm) deep.\\nMake sure the hole is at least 4 inches (10 cm) longer and wider than your column will be so you have enough room to build the footing.\\nVerify that the bottom of the hole you dug is level before you proceed. If it's not level, your brick column won't be either, so you'll want to level it first.\\n1-2. Make a frame that's 4 inches (10 cm) longer and wider than the column will be.\\nCut a wooden plank or stud into 4 pieces—1 piece for each side of the frame—and nail them together to make a square frame. Then, place the frame in the hole you dug so it's laying flat on the bottom of the hole. Since you'll be using the empty inside of the frame to make your footing, make sure the frame is 4 inches (10 cm) longer and wider than your column will be when measured from the inside edges of the wood and not the outside edges.\\nFor example, if you want to build a concrete column that's 24 by 24 inches (61 cm × 61 cm), you'd want to make a frame that's 28 by 28 inches (71 cm × 71 cm) when measured from the inside edges of the frame.\\n1-3. Fill the frame with concrete\\nOnce you've poured the concrete, take a piece of wood and drag it across the surface of the frame to scrape off any excess concrete and smooth out the surface so it's level for your column. Then, wait for the concrete to dry.\\nHow long it takes for the concrete to dry will depend on the type of concrete you use. Some concrete can take weeks to fully cure, while others are designed to dry in a few hours. If you want to speed up your project, try using a fast-setting concrete mix so you can pour the concrete and start working on your column all on the same day.\\nAlternatively if the column isn't load-bearing or very tall, you can later bricks and more in an area 18 inches (46 cm) deep and 4 inches (10 cm) wider than the column.\\nThe size of your foundation depends on how high you want to make your column. For example, if you're making a 2 ft (0.61 m) column, pour an 8 in (20 cm) concrete foundation and put in rebar facing upwards in the concrete. On top of the rebar, place cinder blocks before laying the brick on top of it.\\n1-4. Remove the wooden frame and dry-lay the first course of bricks you'll be using.\\nDry-laying your bricks is just arranging them on the footing in the pattern you'll be using without actually securing them to the footing with mortar. Simply take all the bricks you'll use for the first course (the first layer of your column) and lay them on top of the footing so the ends are touching and they form a square or rectangle. Don't put a brick in the center of the course since the center of your brick column will be hollow. Also, leave a ⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) space between each neighboring brick so you can connect them with mortar later on. \\nWhen the bricks are centered on the footing, there should be 4 inches (10 cm) of footing extending off of each side.\\n1-5. Trace the outer and inner edges of the course, then remove the bricks.\\nUse a pencil to trace all around the outer edge of the course and then along the inner edge of the course so you're left with 2 rectangles or squares, 1 inside of the other. This will give you an outline to use when you spread the first layer of mortar on the footing.\\nWhen you reach a gap between the bricks, just draw a straight line across the gap to the next brick as if the gap wasn't there.\\n2. Laying the Bricks\\n2-1. Spread a ⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) layer of mortar inside the lines on the footing.\\nUse a trowel to apply the mortar to the footing, and try to stay inside the reference lines as much as possible. However, it's OK if you go outside of the lines a little bit—you can always scrape the mortar off later before it dries.\\nDon't apply any mortar to the center of the footing, which is outside of the outline you drew. You only want to apply mortar where you'll be laying bricks. The center of the footing is where the inside of your column will be, which will be hollow.\\nWear long pants and sleeves when working with mortar since it can irritate your skin.\\n2-2. Lay the first course of bricks on top of the mortar.\\nTake the same bricks you used to dry-lay and mark the footing and set them on the mortar in the same pattern you did before. Before you lay each brick, spread a ⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) layer of mortar on the end that will be joined with the next brick in the pattern. When you're finished, all of the bricks should be connected with mortar and evenly spaced apart.\\nYou want to make sure that you're applying an even layer of mortar to each brick so that your column has a uniform, balanced appearance when it's finished.\\nMake a weep hole in the base layer of bricks by coating a pencil with vegetable oil and inserting it into one of the bottom mortar joints. Pull the pencil out once the mortar is dry. This helps drain any moisture that may accumulate inside your column.\\n2-3. Repeat with the second course of bricks, but rotate the pattern 180 degrees.\\nFirst, spread a ⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) layer of mortar on top of the first course of bricks using the trowel. Then, take the same number of bricks as you used for the first course and place them on the mortar in the same pattern, just rotated 180 degrees. This will give your brick column the alternating pattern that is typically used in brick structures.\\nFor example, if you're staring down at your first course of bricks and there are 2 horizontal bricks on top, 1 vertical brick on each side, and 1 horizontal brick on the bottom, you would lay the second course of bricks so there are 2 horizontal bricks on the bottom, 1 vertical brick on each side, and 1 horizontal brick on top.\\n2-4. Continue adding courses and rotating the brick pattern after each course.\\nThe number of courses you add depends on how tall you want your brick column to be. Just remember to always rotate the pattern 180 degrees after each course of bricks you lay.\\nMake sure you maintain a consistent thickness with the mortar you apply between courses and bricks.\\n2-5. Check the column with a level after every other course.\\nIf the bricks aren't level, you want to catch it early on so you don't compound the issue and realize your column is off once the mortar is already dry. To check if the column is level, hold a level against each side, including the top. If something isn't level, tap or push the bricks into the right position with the butt end of your trowel and then check them with the level again.\\nRun strings in each corner of your column from the bottom to the top and make sure they're straight with a level. This way you can make sure your bricks are straight and level as you build them up.\\nDon't add another course until you're certain all of the existing bricks are level.\\n2-6. Add a strip of ⁄4 inch (0.64 cm) thick wire mesh after every fourth course.\\nWire mesh will add extra support that can help your brick column withstand heavier loads. To add the mesh, cut a strip that's as long and wide as the column. Then, apply a thin layer of mortar over the top course of bricks and lay the mesh over it. Finally, apply another thin layer of mortar over the top of the mesh before adding the next course.\\nYou can find wire mesh online or at your local hardware store.\\n2-7. Smooth out any hardened mortar joints after every fifth course.\\nWhen you finish laying every fifth course, test all of the mortar joints on the column by pressing your finger into them. If any of the joints resist minimal pressure, they're hard enough to be smoothed out. Just take a jointing tool and go over those joints with it to scrape off the excess mortar. When you're finished, the joints should appear flush with the bricks.\\nMake sure you do this after every fifth course. Otherwise, some of the joints could harden too much, and you might not be able to smooth them out.\\nUse a masonry brush to clean your bricks as you build up so they look neater.\\n3. Adding the Final Course\\n3-1. Add a layer of mortar and wire mesh before the final course of bricks.\\nApply the mesh as you did throughout the rest of the column. Just spread a thin layer of mortar over the top course, put down the mesh, and top it with another thin layer of mortar.\\nDon't skip this step. You'll need the wire mesh to help support the final course of bricks, which will have an extra brick in it.\\n3-2. Lay the final course of bricks, but add an extra brick in the center this time.\\nSince this will be the top of your brick column, you want to cover the hole in the center so it's not visible. To add the center brick, wait until you've put down the first 2 bricks in the final course. Then, lay the center brick and finish the rest of the course.\\n3-3. Smooth out any remaining joints before the mortar dries.\\nIf there are any joints you haven't smoothed out yet, wait until they harden to the point where they resist minimal pressure. Then, use your jointing tool to scrape off the excess mortar so they're flush with the bricks.\\nBe careful you don't wait too long or the mortar could dry and you'll lose your chance to smooth out the joints.\\n3-4. Top your brick column with a capstone if you want a polished finish.\\nA capstone can be brick, concrete or stone, and it's put on top of a brick column to give it a nice, finished appearance. If you're interested in adding a capstone to your column, get one that's around 3 inches (7.6 cm) longer and wider than the column. Then, spread a layer of mortar on top of the column and center the capstone on top of it.\\nYou can also make a brick capstone by using bricks that are larger than the ones you used in your column.\\nCut your bricks in half and lay them with their sides facing out for added strength and visual appeal.\\nTips\\nIf your brick columns are supporting weight, consider laying concrete blocks inside the bricks at the same time.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Brick columns can add a timeless, classic touch to any home or structure. Whether you're interested in a brick column for decorative purposes or need one to support a structure, building your own is a fairly straightforward process if you have some masonry experience. The exact dimensions and structural requirements for your column will depend largely on what you're using it for, but the basic idea is pretty much the same regardless.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Building the Footing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Dig a square, level hole where you want your brick column to go.\", \"描述\": \"This is where the footing, or foundation, of your column will be. It's important that you build the footing down into the ground as opposed to on the surface so that your column is stable. The depth and dimensions of the hole will depend on several factors, like the size of your column, how much weight it will support, and the kind of ground you're building on. If you're not sure, do some research online or consult with a professional mason.\\nAs a rule of thumb, the hole should be at least 12 inches (30 cm) deep.\\nMake sure the hole is at least 4 inches (10 cm) longer and wider than your column will be so you have enough room to build the footing.\\nVerify that the bottom of the hole you dug is level before you proceed. If it's not level, your brick column won't be either, so you'll want to level it first.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make a frame that's 4 inches (10 cm) longer and wider than the column will be.\", \"描述\": \"Cut a wooden plank or stud into 4 pieces—1 piece for each side of the frame—and nail them together to make a square frame. Then, place the frame in the hole you dug so it's laying flat on the bottom of the hole. Since you'll be using the empty inside of the frame to make your footing, make sure the frame is 4 inches (10 cm) longer and wider than your column will be when measured from the inside edges of the wood and not the outside edges.\\nFor example, if you want to build a concrete column that's 24 by 24 inches (61 cm × 61 cm), you'd want to make a frame that's 28 by 28 inches (71 cm × 71 cm) when measured from the inside edges of the frame.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Fill the frame with concrete\", \"描述\": \"Once you've poured the concrete, take a piece of wood and drag it across the surface of the frame to scrape off any excess concrete and smooth out the surface so it's level for your column. Then, wait for the concrete to dry.\\nHow long it takes for the concrete to dry will depend on the type of concrete you use. Some concrete can take weeks to fully cure, while others are designed to dry in a few hours. If you want to speed up your project, try using a fast-setting concrete mix so you can pour the concrete and start working on your column all on the same day.\\nAlternatively if the column isn't load-bearing or very tall, you can later bricks and more in an area 18 inches (46 cm) deep and 4 inches (10 cm) wider than the column.\\nThe size of your foundation depends on how high you want to make your column. For example, if you're making a 2 ft (0.61 m) column, pour an 8 in (20 cm) concrete foundation and put in rebar facing upwards in the concrete. On top of the rebar, place cinder blocks before laying the brick on top of it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Remove the wooden frame and dry-lay the first course of bricks you'll be using.\", \"描述\": \"Dry-laying your bricks is just arranging them on the footing in the pattern you'll be using without actually securing them to the footing with mortar. Simply take all the bricks you'll use for the first course (the first layer of your column) and lay them on top of the footing so the ends are touching and they form a square or rectangle. Don't put a brick in the center of the course since the center of your brick column will be hollow. Also, leave a ⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) space between each neighboring brick so you can connect them with mortar later on. \\nWhen the bricks are centered on the footing, there should be 4 inches (10 cm) of footing extending off of each side.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Trace the outer and inner edges of the course, then remove the bricks.\", \"描述\": \"Use a pencil to trace all around the outer edge of the course and then along the inner edge of the course so you're left with 2 rectangles or squares, 1 inside of the other. This will give you an outline to use when you spread the first layer of mortar on the footing.\\nWhen you reach a gap between the bricks, just draw a straight line across the gap to the next brick as if the gap wasn't there.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Laying the Bricks\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Spread a ⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) layer of mortar inside the lines on the footing.\", \"描述\": \"Use a trowel to apply the mortar to the footing, and try to stay inside the reference lines as much as possible. However, it's OK if you go outside of the lines a little bit—you can always scrape the mortar off later before it dries.\\nDon't apply any mortar to the center of the footing, which is outside of the outline you drew. You only want to apply mortar where you'll be laying bricks. The center of the footing is where the inside of your column will be, which will be hollow.\\nWear long pants and sleeves when working with mortar since it can irritate your skin.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Lay the first course of bricks on top of the mortar.\", \"描述\": \"Take the same bricks you used to dry-lay and mark the footing and set them on the mortar in the same pattern you did before. Before you lay each brick, spread a ⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) layer of mortar on the end that will be joined with the next brick in the pattern. When you're finished, all of the bricks should be connected with mortar and evenly spaced apart.\\nYou want to make sure that you're applying an even layer of mortar to each brick so that your column has a uniform, balanced appearance when it's finished.\\nMake a weep hole in the base layer of bricks by coating a pencil with vegetable oil and inserting it into one of the bottom mortar joints. Pull the pencil out once the mortar is dry. This helps drain any moisture that may accumulate inside your column.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Repeat with the second course of bricks, but rotate the pattern 180 degrees.\", \"描述\": \"First, spread a ⁄8 inch (0.95 cm) layer of mortar on top of the first course of bricks using the trowel. Then, take the same number of bricks as you used for the first course and place them on the mortar in the same pattern, just rotated 180 degrees. This will give your brick column the alternating pattern that is typically used in brick structures.\\nFor example, if you're staring down at your first course of bricks and there are 2 horizontal bricks on top, 1 vertical brick on each side, and 1 horizontal brick on the bottom, you would lay the second course of bricks so there are 2 horizontal bricks on the bottom, 1 vertical brick on each side, and 1 horizontal brick on top.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Continue adding courses and rotating the brick pattern after each course.\", \"描述\": \"The number of courses you add depends on how tall you want your brick column to be. Just remember to always rotate the pattern 180 degrees after each course of bricks you lay.\\nMake sure you maintain a consistent thickness with the mortar you apply between courses and bricks.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check the column with a level after every other course.\", \"描述\": \"If the bricks aren't level, you want to catch it early on so you don't compound the issue and realize your column is off once the mortar is already dry. To check if the column is level, hold a level against each side, including the top. If something isn't level, tap or push the bricks into the right position with the butt end of your trowel and then check them with the level again.\\nRun strings in each corner of your column from the bottom to the top and make sure they're straight with a level. This way you can make sure your bricks are straight and level as you build them up.\\nDon't add another course until you're certain all of the existing bricks are level.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Add a strip of ⁄4 inch (0.64 cm) thick wire mesh after every fourth course.\", \"描述\": \"Wire mesh will add extra support that can help your brick column withstand heavier loads. To add the mesh, cut a strip that's as long and wide as the column. Then, apply a thin layer of mortar over the top course of bricks and lay the mesh over it. Finally, apply another thin layer of mortar over the top of the mesh before adding the next course.\\nYou can find wire mesh online or at your local hardware store.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Smooth out any hardened mortar joints after every fifth course.\", \"描述\": \"When you finish laying every fifth course, test all of the mortar joints on the column by pressing your finger into them. If any of the joints resist minimal pressure, they're hard enough to be smoothed out. Just take a jointing tool and go over those joints with it to scrape off the excess mortar. When you're finished, the joints should appear flush with the bricks.\\nMake sure you do this after every fifth course. Otherwise, some of the joints could harden too much, and you might not be able to smooth them out.\\nUse a masonry brush to clean your bricks as you build up so they look neater.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Adding the Final Course\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Add a layer of mortar and wire mesh before the final course of bricks.\", \"描述\": \"Apply the mesh as you did throughout the rest of the column. Just spread a thin layer of mortar over the top course, put down the mesh, and top it with another thin layer of mortar.\\nDon't skip this step. You'll need the wire mesh to help support the final course of bricks, which will have an extra brick in it.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Lay the final course of bricks, but add an extra brick in the center this time.\", \"描述\": \"Since this will be the top of your brick column, you want to cover the hole in the center so it's not visible. To add the center brick, wait until you've put down the first 2 bricks in the final course. Then, lay the center brick and finish the rest of the course.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Smooth out any remaining joints before the mortar dries.\", \"描述\": \"If there are any joints you haven't smoothed out yet, wait until they harden to the point where they resist minimal pressure. Then, use your jointing tool to scrape off the excess mortar so they're flush with the bricks.\\nBe careful you don't wait too long or the mortar could dry and you'll lose your chance to smooth out the joints.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Top your brick column with a capstone if you want a polished finish.\", \"描述\": \"A capstone can be brick, concrete or stone, and it's put on top of a brick column to give it a nice, finished appearance. If you're interested in adding a capstone to your column, get one that's around 3 inches (7.6 cm) longer and wider than the column. Then, spread a layer of mortar on top of the column and center the capstone on top of it.\\nYou can also make a brick capstone by using bricks that are larger than the ones you used in your column.\\nCut your bricks in half and lay them with their sides facing out for added strength and visual appeal.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If your brick columns are supporting weight, consider laying concrete blocks inside the bricks at the same time.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,096 |
How to Build Bunk Bed Stairs
|
1. Cutting the Wood for the Job
1-1. Use 2 x 4 dimensional lumber for the side rails.
A pair of 8 feet (2.4 m) long pieces of good-quality 2 x 4 dimensional lumber will work well for this job. Pick through the pile at the lumber yard to avoid pieces that are warped, bowed, or cracked.
Check that lumber is straight and “true” by holding one end up to your eyes and looking down the length of the wood.
1-2. Grab 1 x 3 dimensional lumber for the stair treads (ladder rungs).
The amount you’ll need depends on the width of your ladder-stairs and the number of treads required. But, in most cases, 2-3 pieces of 1 x 3 lumber that are 8 feet (2.4 m) long should suffice.
You can use 2 x 4 lumber instead if you prefer to have “beefier” treads.
When in doubt, buy an extra piece or two of lumber. It’s better to have leftover wood at the end of the job than to run out in the middle or it!
1-3. Use a hand saw or power saw to cut the wood.
A good table saw or circular saw will make quick work of 2 x 4 and 1 x 3 lumber, but make sure you follow all safety precautions and know how to use the saw properly. A jigsaw will also work for this application, but again make safety your priority. If you have a steady hand and a sharp blade, a hand saw is fine for this job as well.
Always wear eye protection when handling saws.
Wear ear protection when using power saws.
Make sure to keep your hands clear of the blade, and remove or tie back any loose clothing, jewelry, or hair.
If you are wary of your cutting skills, you may be able to have your lumber cut to fit at the home improvement store.
1-4. Create a 15 degree floor angle for a more upright ladder-staircase.
Mark the angle on the wide side at one end of each piece of 2 x 4 lumber. Make the cut carefully with your chosen saw.
1-5. Use a 30 degree angle for a more stair-like structure.
Use the same process for marking and cutting the 2 x 4 pieces, just with a greater angle.
Remember that a 30 degree stair-ladder will protrude further out into the room.
1-6. Smooth these and all subsequent saw cuts with sandpaper.
Use a medium-grit (80-120 grit) sandpaper on all cuts you make during this project. Smoothing out any jagged edges will reduce your risk of cutting yourself, and will improve the fit and appearance of the ladder-staircase.
Wipe away any dust with a damp rag or a tack cloth.
It’s wise to wear eye protection and a dust mask while sanding.
1-7. Measure the width for your stair treads.
Assuming that you’re working with a basic wooden bunk set, the ladder-stairs will usually attach to the inner sides of 2 vertical posts that either form a corner of the bed or support the upper bunk’s protective rail. Measure the distance between these posts, then subtract 3 inches (7.6 cm) to account for the side rails. An ideal adjusted width is between 16 and 18 inches (41 and 46 cm).
You subtract 3 inches instead of 4 because 2 x 4 lumber is actually only 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) thick by 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) wide.
1-8. Cut the stair treads to length from the 1 x 3 lumber.
Use the adjusted measurement between the bed’s support posts for the width of your treads. Then mark and cut 8 treads (7 to use and 1 spare) to this length with your saw.
A typical bunk bed (e.g., 56 inches (140 cm) high to the top bunk’s deck) will need 7 treads — 1 on the floor and 6 spaced equally up the side rails.
There should be about 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm) of vertical rise between treads, so cut a few more or a few less than 8 if your bunk set is unusually tall or short.
2. Attaching the Side Rails to the Bed
2-1. Position each side rail where it will attach to the bunk set.
One at a time, angle a side rail toward the upper bunk so that its bottom angled cut is flat on the floor. Then place it in position up against one of the two vertical support posts on the bed.
This part of the job will be easier with a second pair of hands, but you can manage it on your own if necessary.
2-2. Mark the tops of the side rails so they’re flush with the bed.
Once you’ve placed it in position against its intended vertical support post, trace the edge of the vertical support post onto the side rail so that you can cut it flush with the post. Repeat this process with the other side rail against the other support post.
2-3. Cut the tops of the side rails carefully with your saw.
Before cutting the side rails at these upper markings, place them side-by-side to make sure they will be equal in length after cutting. Position and mark them again if they need fine-tuning, perhaps with the assistance of a helper this time.
2-4. Drill pilot holes into the side rails.
Place one of the cut side rails back into position, with its bottom cut flat on the floor and its top cut flush with the correct vertical support post. Pre-drill 3 holes into the side rail where it meets the support post, using a drill with a bit that’s slightly thinner than the 3 in (7.6 cm) wood screws that will attach the rails to the bed.
Repeat with the other side rail against the other support post.
Use a special counter-sink drill bit (here and when drilling for the stair treads) if you want to completely hide the screw heads with wood filler later.
2-5. Attach both rails to their support posts with screws.
Check again to make sure the rails are in their proper positions. Then, drive 3 in (7.6 cm) wood screws through the pre-drilled holes and into the support posts.
If you didn’t use a counter-sink bit to pre-drill the holes, drive the screws in until the heads are at least flush with the wood surface. Or, drive them until they depress slightly below the wood surface, so you can cover the heads with wood filler later.
3. Securing the Stair Treads in Place
3-1. Position the bottom tread at the base of the side rails.
Lay one of the treads you cut on the floor between the side rails. Then, mark its height on the side rails to help center your pilot holes. Move the tread out of the way after making the markings.
The bottom rail rests on the ground in order to provide structural support.
3-2. Drill pilot holes and attach the bottom rail.
Create 2 pilot holes per side through the rails with a drill bit that is slightly thinner than the 2.5 in (6.4 cm) screws you’ll use here. Put the tread back into position on the floor and drive the 4 screws through the pilot holes and into the tread.
Use a counter-sink drill bit for the pilot holes if you want to completely conceal the screw heads later.
3-3. Mark the spacing for the remaining treads on the side rails.
Along each side rail, measure the distance from the top of the bottom tread to the top of the upper bunk’s bed deck. Divide this measurement by 6 (for the remaining treads) and use this result to mark the location for each tread along both rails.
For instance, if the measured distance is 66 inches (170 cm), the centered markings for each tread will be 11 inches (28 cm) apart.
If you have a taller than normal bed, you may need more than 6 additional treads.
3-4. Mark the leveled position for each tread on the side rails.
Working from the top-down or bottom-up, hold a cut tread centered between a set of the spacing positions you just marked. Use a spirit level (bar level) to make sure the tread is level both width- and depth-wise. Mark its top and bottom positioning against the inside of both side rails.
3-5. Drill pilot holes and screw the remaining treads in place.
Using your markings for guidance, drill pilot holes — 2 per side per tread — through the side rails. Then, using a level as your work to confirm the positioning, secure each tread to the rails with 2.5 in (6.4 cm) wood screws.
Recruit a friend to make this easier!
While you can debate whether this is a ladder or a staircase, its angled rails and flat treads may be easier for kids to navigate than a vertical bed ladder.
4. Sanding and Finishing the Ladder-Stairs
4-1. Apply wood filler to cover the depressed screw heads (optional).
Wood fillers are thick pastes that usually come in round tubs. Use a small putty knife to apply the filler into the depressions created by your screw heads, as well as any knots or imperfections in the wood. Scrape away the excess filler, as this will make sanding easier later.
Follow the product’s instructions for application and drying times.
You can leave the screw heads exposed if you like, especially if you may want to remove the ladder-stairs later.
4-2. Lightly sand the entire ladder-stairs structure.
Use a piece of fine-grit (150-180 grit) sandpaper or an equivalent sanding block. Rub the entire wood surface with light and even pressure. Keep sanding until the wood feels smooth to the touch.
If you’ve applied wood filler, wait until it’s completely dry before sanding it. You may need to sand a bit more aggressively to smooth out excess filler.
For your safety, wear a dust mask and eye protection when sanding.
4-3. Wipe away sanding dust with a damp rag or tack cloth.
You should get rid of the sanding dust under all circumstances, but it’s especially important if you plan to stain or paint the wood. Simply wipe down the surface until you can run your fingers on it without accumulating dust.
4-4. Stain or paint the ladder-stairs to match the bunk set.
If you’re painting the wood, apply a primer first and then 1-2 coats of your chosen paint. If you’re staining the wood, apply a small amount in an inconspicuous area first to check the color. Then use a brush or rag to apply the stain, and wipe away the excess with a cloth.
If you want the structure to retain a natural look, it’s still advisable to apply a clear wood sealant, using the same techniques as you do for staining.
Tips
If you feel a bit more confident in your carpentry skills, you can find instructions online for bunk bed storage steps. Typically, these are built out of 3 connected rectangles made up of .75 inches (1.9 cm) plywood and some dimensional lumber. Once you find a good plan, you can adjust the dimensions based on the design of your bed and the size of your room.[1]
X
Research source
While not marketed for this purpose, the 3-tiered IKEA Trofast cube storage unit shows up in many online stair “hacks” because of its size, shape, and sturdy construction.[2]
X
Research source
Some DIYers go all out building bunk or loft beds for their kids, and they’re often eager to share their results online. You can find units that look like castles, incorporate sliding boards, and do pretty much anything else you can imagine.[3]
X
Research source
Warnings
If you find a DIY staircase plan that utilizes plywood that’s thinner than .75 inches (1.9 cm), or creates stairs that are less than 18 inches (46 cm) wide or more than 12 inches (30 cm) high, keep looking for a safer alternative.
Many of the stair plans you’ll find online don’t include any handrails, for the sake of either convenience or appearance. While this may be okay for somewhat older children, younger kids will be that much safer if you add handrails when possible.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Cutting the Wood for the Job\\n1-1. Use 2 x 4 dimensional lumber for the side rails.\\nA pair of 8 feet (2.4 m) long pieces of good-quality 2 x 4 dimensional lumber will work well for this job. Pick through the pile at the lumber yard to avoid pieces that are warped, bowed, or cracked.\\nCheck that lumber is straight and “true” by holding one end up to your eyes and looking down the length of the wood.\\n1-2. Grab 1 x 3 dimensional lumber for the stair treads (ladder rungs).\\nThe amount you’ll need depends on the width of your ladder-stairs and the number of treads required. But, in most cases, 2-3 pieces of 1 x 3 lumber that are 8 feet (2.4 m) long should suffice.\\nYou can use 2 x 4 lumber instead if you prefer to have “beefier” treads.\\nWhen in doubt, buy an extra piece or two of lumber. It’s better to have leftover wood at the end of the job than to run out in the middle or it!\\n1-3. Use a hand saw or power saw to cut the wood.\\nA good table saw or circular saw will make quick work of 2 x 4 and 1 x 3 lumber, but make sure you follow all safety precautions and know how to use the saw properly. A jigsaw will also work for this application, but again make safety your priority. If you have a steady hand and a sharp blade, a hand saw is fine for this job as well.\\nAlways wear eye protection when handling saws.\\nWear ear protection when using power saws.\\nMake sure to keep your hands clear of the blade, and remove or tie back any loose clothing, jewelry, or hair.\\nIf you are wary of your cutting skills, you may be able to have your lumber cut to fit at the home improvement store.\\n1-4. Create a 15 degree floor angle for a more upright ladder-staircase.\\nMark the angle on the wide side at one end of each piece of 2 x 4 lumber. Make the cut carefully with your chosen saw.\\n1-5. Use a 30 degree angle for a more stair-like structure.\\nUse the same process for marking and cutting the 2 x 4 pieces, just with a greater angle. \\nRemember that a 30 degree stair-ladder will protrude further out into the room.\\n1-6. Smooth these and all subsequent saw cuts with sandpaper.\\nUse a medium-grit (80-120 grit) sandpaper on all cuts you make during this project. Smoothing out any jagged edges will reduce your risk of cutting yourself, and will improve the fit and appearance of the ladder-staircase.\\nWipe away any dust with a damp rag or a tack cloth.\\nIt’s wise to wear eye protection and a dust mask while sanding.\\n1-7. Measure the width for your stair treads.\\nAssuming that you’re working with a basic wooden bunk set, the ladder-stairs will usually attach to the inner sides of 2 vertical posts that either form a corner of the bed or support the upper bunk’s protective rail. Measure the distance between these posts, then subtract 3 inches (7.6 cm) to account for the side rails. An ideal adjusted width is between 16 and 18 inches (41 and 46 cm).\\nYou subtract 3 inches instead of 4 because 2 x 4 lumber is actually only 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) thick by 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) wide.\\n1-8. Cut the stair treads to length from the 1 x 3 lumber.\\nUse the adjusted measurement between the bed’s support posts for the width of your treads. Then mark and cut 8 treads (7 to use and 1 spare) to this length with your saw.\\nA typical bunk bed (e.g., 56 inches (140 cm) high to the top bunk’s deck) will need 7 treads — 1 on the floor and 6 spaced equally up the side rails.\\nThere should be about 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm) of vertical rise between treads, so cut a few more or a few less than 8 if your bunk set is unusually tall or short.\\n2. Attaching the Side Rails to the Bed\\n2-1. Position each side rail where it will attach to the bunk set.\\nOne at a time, angle a side rail toward the upper bunk so that its bottom angled cut is flat on the floor. Then place it in position up against one of the two vertical support posts on the bed.\\nThis part of the job will be easier with a second pair of hands, but you can manage it on your own if necessary.\\n2-2. Mark the tops of the side rails so they’re flush with the bed.\\nOnce you’ve placed it in position against its intended vertical support post, trace the edge of the vertical support post onto the side rail so that you can cut it flush with the post. Repeat this process with the other side rail against the other support post.\\n2-3. Cut the tops of the side rails carefully with your saw.\\nBefore cutting the side rails at these upper markings, place them side-by-side to make sure they will be equal in length after cutting. Position and mark them again if they need fine-tuning, perhaps with the assistance of a helper this time.\\n2-4. Drill pilot holes into the side rails.\\nPlace one of the cut side rails back into position, with its bottom cut flat on the floor and its top cut flush with the correct vertical support post. Pre-drill 3 holes into the side rail where it meets the support post, using a drill with a bit that’s slightly thinner than the 3 in (7.6 cm) wood screws that will attach the rails to the bed.\\nRepeat with the other side rail against the other support post.\\nUse a special counter-sink drill bit (here and when drilling for the stair treads) if you want to completely hide the screw heads with wood filler later.\\n2-5. Attach both rails to their support posts with screws.\\nCheck again to make sure the rails are in their proper positions. Then, drive 3 in (7.6 cm) wood screws through the pre-drilled holes and into the support posts.\\nIf you didn’t use a counter-sink bit to pre-drill the holes, drive the screws in until the heads are at least flush with the wood surface. Or, drive them until they depress slightly below the wood surface, so you can cover the heads with wood filler later.\\n3. Securing the Stair Treads in Place\\n3-1. Position the bottom tread at the base of the side rails.\\nLay one of the treads you cut on the floor between the side rails. Then, mark its height on the side rails to help center your pilot holes. Move the tread out of the way after making the markings.\\nThe bottom rail rests on the ground in order to provide structural support.\\n3-2. Drill pilot holes and attach the bottom rail.\\nCreate 2 pilot holes per side through the rails with a drill bit that is slightly thinner than the 2.5 in (6.4 cm) screws you’ll use here. Put the tread back into position on the floor and drive the 4 screws through the pilot holes and into the tread.\\nUse a counter-sink drill bit for the pilot holes if you want to completely conceal the screw heads later.\\n3-3. Mark the spacing for the remaining treads on the side rails.\\nAlong each side rail, measure the distance from the top of the bottom tread to the top of the upper bunk’s bed deck. Divide this measurement by 6 (for the remaining treads) and use this result to mark the location for each tread along both rails.\\nFor instance, if the measured distance is 66 inches (170 cm), the centered markings for each tread will be 11 inches (28 cm) apart.\\nIf you have a taller than normal bed, you may need more than 6 additional treads.\\n3-4. Mark the leveled position for each tread on the side rails.\\nWorking from the top-down or bottom-up, hold a cut tread centered between a set of the spacing positions you just marked. Use a spirit level (bar level) to make sure the tread is level both width- and depth-wise. Mark its top and bottom positioning against the inside of both side rails.\\n3-5. Drill pilot holes and screw the remaining treads in place.\\nUsing your markings for guidance, drill pilot holes — 2 per side per tread — through the side rails. Then, using a level as your work to confirm the positioning, secure each tread to the rails with 2.5 in (6.4 cm) wood screws.\\nRecruit a friend to make this easier!\\nWhile you can debate whether this is a ladder or a staircase, its angled rails and flat treads may be easier for kids to navigate than a vertical bed ladder.\\n4. Sanding and Finishing the Ladder-Stairs\\n4-1. Apply wood filler to cover the depressed screw heads (optional).\\nWood fillers are thick pastes that usually come in round tubs. Use a small putty knife to apply the filler into the depressions created by your screw heads, as well as any knots or imperfections in the wood. Scrape away the excess filler, as this will make sanding easier later.\\nFollow the product’s instructions for application and drying times.\\nYou can leave the screw heads exposed if you like, especially if you may want to remove the ladder-stairs later.\\n4-2. Lightly sand the entire ladder-stairs structure.\\nUse a piece of fine-grit (150-180 grit) sandpaper or an equivalent sanding block. Rub the entire wood surface with light and even pressure. Keep sanding until the wood feels smooth to the touch.\\nIf you’ve applied wood filler, wait until it’s completely dry before sanding it. You may need to sand a bit more aggressively to smooth out excess filler.\\nFor your safety, wear a dust mask and eye protection when sanding.\\n4-3. Wipe away sanding dust with a damp rag or tack cloth.\\nYou should get rid of the sanding dust under all circumstances, but it’s especially important if you plan to stain or paint the wood. Simply wipe down the surface until you can run your fingers on it without accumulating dust.\\n4-4. Stain or paint the ladder-stairs to match the bunk set.\\nIf you’re painting the wood, apply a primer first and then 1-2 coats of your chosen paint. If you’re staining the wood, apply a small amount in an inconspicuous area first to check the color. Then use a brush or rag to apply the stain, and wipe away the excess with a cloth.\\nIf you want the structure to retain a natural look, it’s still advisable to apply a clear wood sealant, using the same techniques as you do for staining.\\nTips\\nIf you feel a bit more confident in your carpentry skills, you can find instructions online for bunk bed storage steps. Typically, these are built out of 3 connected rectangles made up of .75 inches (1.9 cm) plywood and some dimensional lumber. Once you find a good plan, you can adjust the dimensions based on the design of your bed and the size of your room.[1]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWhile not marketed for this purpose, the 3-tiered IKEA Trofast cube storage unit shows up in many online stair “hacks” because of its size, shape, and sturdy construction.[2]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nSome DIYers go all out building bunk or loft beds for their kids, and they’re often eager to share their results online. You can find units that look like castles, incorporate sliding boards, and do pretty much anything else you can imagine.[3]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nIf you find a DIY staircase plan that utilizes plywood that’s thinner than .75 inches (1.9 cm), or creates stairs that are less than 18 inches (46 cm) wide or more than 12 inches (30 cm) high, keep looking for a safer alternative.\\nMany of the stair plans you’ll find online don’t include any handrails, for the sake of either convenience or appearance. While this may be okay for somewhat older children, younger kids will be that much safer if you add handrails when possible.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you have a bunk bed set that’s missing its ladder or stairs, you obviously need a way to get to the top bunk. Vertical ladders are easy to make but not as safe for kids, and more substantial staircases may be beyond your DIY skills. Your best option, then, may be a simple ladder-staircase hybrid that you can assemble quickly out of dimensional lumber.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cutting the Wood for the Job\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use 2 x 4 dimensional lumber for the side rails.\", \"描述\": \"A pair of 8 feet (2.4 m) long pieces of good-quality 2 x 4 dimensional lumber will work well for this job. Pick through the pile at the lumber yard to avoid pieces that are warped, bowed, or cracked.\\nCheck that lumber is straight and “true” by holding one end up to your eyes and looking down the length of the wood.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Grab 1 x 3 dimensional lumber for the stair treads (ladder rungs).\", \"描述\": \"The amount you’ll need depends on the width of your ladder-stairs and the number of treads required. But, in most cases, 2-3 pieces of 1 x 3 lumber that are 8 feet (2.4 m) long should suffice.\\nYou can use 2 x 4 lumber instead if you prefer to have “beefier” treads.\\nWhen in doubt, buy an extra piece or two of lumber. It’s better to have leftover wood at the end of the job than to run out in the middle or it!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use a hand saw or power saw to cut the wood.\", \"描述\": \"A good table saw or circular saw will make quick work of 2 x 4 and 1 x 3 lumber, but make sure you follow all safety precautions and know how to use the saw properly. A jigsaw will also work for this application, but again make safety your priority. If you have a steady hand and a sharp blade, a hand saw is fine for this job as well.\\nAlways wear eye protection when handling saws.\\nWear ear protection when using power saws.\\nMake sure to keep your hands clear of the blade, and remove or tie back any loose clothing, jewelry, or hair.\\nIf you are wary of your cutting skills, you may be able to have your lumber cut to fit at the home improvement store.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Create a 15 degree floor angle for a more upright ladder-staircase.\", \"描述\": \"Mark the angle on the wide side at one end of each piece of 2 x 4 lumber. Make the cut carefully with your chosen saw.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use a 30 degree angle for a more stair-like structure.\", \"描述\": \"Use the same process for marking and cutting the 2 x 4 pieces, just with a greater angle. \\nRemember that a 30 degree stair-ladder will protrude further out into the room.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Smooth these and all subsequent saw cuts with sandpaper.\", \"描述\": \"Use a medium-grit (80-120 grit) sandpaper on all cuts you make during this project. Smoothing out any jagged edges will reduce your risk of cutting yourself, and will improve the fit and appearance of the ladder-staircase.\\nWipe away any dust with a damp rag or a tack cloth.\\nIt’s wise to wear eye protection and a dust mask while sanding.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Measure the width for your stair treads.\", \"描述\": \"Assuming that you’re working with a basic wooden bunk set, the ladder-stairs will usually attach to the inner sides of 2 vertical posts that either form a corner of the bed or support the upper bunk’s protective rail. Measure the distance between these posts, then subtract 3 inches (7.6 cm) to account for the side rails. An ideal adjusted width is between 16 and 18 inches (41 and 46 cm).\\nYou subtract 3 inches instead of 4 because 2 x 4 lumber is actually only 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) thick by 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) wide.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Cut the stair treads to length from the 1 x 3 lumber.\", \"描述\": \"Use the adjusted measurement between the bed’s support posts for the width of your treads. Then mark and cut 8 treads (7 to use and 1 spare) to this length with your saw.\\nA typical bunk bed (e.g., 56 inches (140 cm) high to the top bunk’s deck) will need 7 treads — 1 on the floor and 6 spaced equally up the side rails.\\nThere should be about 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm) of vertical rise between treads, so cut a few more or a few less than 8 if your bunk set is unusually tall or short.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attaching the Side Rails to the Bed\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Position each side rail where it will attach to the bunk set.\", \"描述\": \"One at a time, angle a side rail toward the upper bunk so that its bottom angled cut is flat on the floor. Then place it in position up against one of the two vertical support posts on the bed.\\nThis part of the job will be easier with a second pair of hands, but you can manage it on your own if necessary.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Mark the tops of the side rails so they’re flush with the bed.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve placed it in position against its intended vertical support post, trace the edge of the vertical support post onto the side rail so that you can cut it flush with the post. Repeat this process with the other side rail against the other support post.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cut the tops of the side rails carefully with your saw.\", \"描述\": \"Before cutting the side rails at these upper markings, place them side-by-side to make sure they will be equal in length after cutting. Position and mark them again if they need fine-tuning, perhaps with the assistance of a helper this time.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Drill pilot holes into the side rails.\", \"描述\": \"Place one of the cut side rails back into position, with its bottom cut flat on the floor and its top cut flush with the correct vertical support post. Pre-drill 3 holes into the side rail where it meets the support post, using a drill with a bit that’s slightly thinner than the 3 in (7.6 cm) wood screws that will attach the rails to the bed.\\nRepeat with the other side rail against the other support post.\\nUse a special counter-sink drill bit (here and when drilling for the stair treads) if you want to completely hide the screw heads with wood filler later.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Attach both rails to their support posts with screws.\", \"描述\": \"Check again to make sure the rails are in their proper positions. Then, drive 3 in (7.6 cm) wood screws through the pre-drilled holes and into the support posts.\\nIf you didn’t use a counter-sink bit to pre-drill the holes, drive the screws in until the heads are at least flush with the wood surface. Or, drive them until they depress slightly below the wood surface, so you can cover the heads with wood filler later.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Securing the Stair Treads in Place\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Position the bottom tread at the base of the side rails.\", \"描述\": \"Lay one of the treads you cut on the floor between the side rails. Then, mark its height on the side rails to help center your pilot holes. Move the tread out of the way after making the markings.\\nThe bottom rail rests on the ground in order to provide structural support.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Drill pilot holes and attach the bottom rail.\", \"描述\": \"Create 2 pilot holes per side through the rails with a drill bit that is slightly thinner than the 2.5 in (6.4 cm) screws you’ll use here. Put the tread back into position on the floor and drive the 4 screws through the pilot holes and into the tread.\\nUse a counter-sink drill bit for the pilot holes if you want to completely conceal the screw heads later.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Mark the spacing for the remaining treads on the side rails.\", \"描述\": \"Along each side rail, measure the distance from the top of the bottom tread to the top of the upper bunk’s bed deck. Divide this measurement by 6 (for the remaining treads) and use this result to mark the location for each tread along both rails.\\nFor instance, if the measured distance is 66 inches (170 cm), the centered markings for each tread will be 11 inches (28 cm) apart.\\nIf you have a taller than normal bed, you may need more than 6 additional treads.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Mark the leveled position for each tread on the side rails.\", \"描述\": \"Working from the top-down or bottom-up, hold a cut tread centered between a set of the spacing positions you just marked. Use a spirit level (bar level) to make sure the tread is level both width- and depth-wise. Mark its top and bottom positioning against the inside of both side rails.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Drill pilot holes and screw the remaining treads in place.\", \"描述\": \"Using your markings for guidance, drill pilot holes — 2 per side per tread — through the side rails. Then, using a level as your work to confirm the positioning, secure each tread to the rails with 2.5 in (6.4 cm) wood screws.\\nRecruit a friend to make this easier!\\nWhile you can debate whether this is a ladder or a staircase, its angled rails and flat treads may be easier for kids to navigate than a vertical bed ladder.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Sanding and Finishing the Ladder-Stairs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Apply wood filler to cover the depressed screw heads (optional).\", \"描述\": \"Wood fillers are thick pastes that usually come in round tubs. Use a small putty knife to apply the filler into the depressions created by your screw heads, as well as any knots or imperfections in the wood. Scrape away the excess filler, as this will make sanding easier later.\\nFollow the product’s instructions for application and drying times.\\nYou can leave the screw heads exposed if you like, especially if you may want to remove the ladder-stairs later.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Lightly sand the entire ladder-stairs structure.\", \"描述\": \"Use a piece of fine-grit (150-180 grit) sandpaper or an equivalent sanding block. Rub the entire wood surface with light and even pressure. Keep sanding until the wood feels smooth to the touch.\\nIf you’ve applied wood filler, wait until it’s completely dry before sanding it. You may need to sand a bit more aggressively to smooth out excess filler.\\nFor your safety, wear a dust mask and eye protection when sanding.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Wipe away sanding dust with a damp rag or tack cloth.\", \"描述\": \"You should get rid of the sanding dust under all circumstances, but it’s especially important if you plan to stain or paint the wood. Simply wipe down the surface until you can run your fingers on it without accumulating dust.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Stain or paint the ladder-stairs to match the bunk set.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re painting the wood, apply a primer first and then 1-2 coats of your chosen paint. If you’re staining the wood, apply a small amount in an inconspicuous area first to check the color. Then use a brush or rag to apply the stain, and wipe away the excess with a cloth.\\nIf you want the structure to retain a natural look, it’s still advisable to apply a clear wood sealant, using the same techniques as you do for staining.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you feel a bit more confident in your carpentry skills, you can find instructions online for bunk bed storage steps. Typically, these are built out of 3 connected rectangles made up of .75 inches (1.9 cm) plywood and some dimensional lumber. Once you find a good plan, you can adjust the dimensions based on the design of your bed and the size of your room.[1]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"While not marketed for this purpose, the 3-tiered IKEA Trofast cube storage unit shows up in many online stair “hacks” because of its size, shape, and sturdy construction.[2]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Some DIYers go all out building bunk or loft beds for their kids, and they’re often eager to share their results online. You can find units that look like castles, incorporate sliding boards, and do pretty much anything else you can imagine.[3]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"If you find a DIY staircase plan that utilizes plywood that’s thinner than .75 inches (1.9 cm), or creates stairs that are less than 18 inches (46 cm) wide or more than 12 inches (30 cm) high, keep looking for a safer alternative.\\n\", \"Many of the stair plans you’ll find online don’t include any handrails, for the sake of either convenience or appearance. While this may be okay for somewhat older children, younger kids will be that much safer if you add handrails when possible.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,097 |
How to Work Out Your Calves without Weights
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1. Exercising Your Calves
1-1. Do double-leg calf raises.
This is a classic exercise for toning and strengthening the calf muscles. This workout utilizes your own body weight instead of a weight machine to help build muscle mass. It strengthens both the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. To start off, you will need to stand near a wall to balance yourself, if needed, and your feet should be hip-width apart with your ankles, knees and hips vertically aligned.
Push your body upward on the balls of both feet. Make sure that your abdominal muscles are engaged so that your back remains straight instead of shifted forward or backward.
For a more intense workout, you can place the balls of your feet on a step so that your heels are on the lower level. Push up with the balls of your feet to lift your heels as high as you can off the floor. Then, slowly lower your heels back down to the floor. Repeat.
Additionally, you can add weight to strengthen your calves further, such as holding milk jugs, cans, a heavy backpack or something else while you do the exercises.
1-2. Practice single-leg calf raises.
The intensity of the calf raise exercise is enhanced when you do one leg at a time. This is because your full body weight must be lifted by one leg instead of two. Again, stand near a wall in case you need to balance yourself, and put your left leg behind you. Ensure that the ankle, knee and hip of the right leg are all aligned vertically.
Push your body upward on the ball of your right foot. Make sure that your abdominal muscles are engaged so that your back remains straight as you are lifted up.
For a more intense workout, you can place the ball of your right foot on a step so that your heel is on the lower level. Push up with the ball of your foot to lift your heel as high as you can off the floor. Bring your heel down.
Repeat with the left foot.
Additionally, you can add weight to strengthen your calves further, such as holding a milk jug, a can or two, a heavy backpack or something else while you perform the single-leg calf raise.
If you need to, hold something heavy with one hand and place the other hand on the wall to help balance you.
It is important to work each leg equally to avoid one calf becoming thicker than the other.
1-3. Try to do donkey calf raises.
To do this exercise, you will need a bench or some other sturdy object and a partner--but no equipment is required. Bend over and grasp the sturdy object or bench with your hands. Your toes should be facing forward, and be sure not to lock your knees.
Have your partner climb onto your lower back near your tailbone. The heavier the person, the harder the workout.
Raise your heels off the floor by pushing up on the balls of your feet. Pause, then lower your heels back to the floor, and repeat.
You can add more weight by having your partner hold something heavy like a backpack or milk jug while you do the exercise.
1-4. Do box jumps.
Box jumps can strengthen your calf muscles and make them more powerful. When you practice this exercise regularly, your muscles are trained to react and contract quickly. This not only builds muscle but allows you to jump and spring in different directions much more quickly.
Get a box that is high enough for you to get a workout but not so high that you might strain or hurt yourself. You may need to build up from a lower level box to a higher level one over time.
Stand in front of the box. Use the balls of your feet to jump onto the box, landing on the balls and toes of your feet. Jump back down to the floor, and repeat.
Do this 8 -10 times per set. As with calf raises, the more often you do this, the easier it will become. At that point, it will be necessary to challenge yourself with more reps.
It isn’t a good idea to hold weights or anything else when you do box jumps so you can still catch yourself if you fall.
1-5. Jump rope.
When you use a jump rope, your calf is constantly engaged. This helps build muscle, provides a good cardiovascular workout and makes you quicker on your feet as well. Do this exercise regularly, and see why you don’t need weight equipment to tone your calf muscles.
To jump rope effectively, hold your hands out to your sides, and make small, fast circles with your wrists to spin the rope. Jump an inch or so off the ground over the rope as it moves under your feet.
Jump rope at least 3 times a week. Start out doing just 1 set for 2 minutes and then advance to several sets. You should strive for 15 minutes per session at minimum.
If you don’t have a jump rope or find this activity difficult, run on your toes in the same spot instead.
1-6. Exercise your front calf muscles.
It is also important to exercise the tibialis anterior, the muscle that runs along the outer front of your calf and alongside the shin. To exercise this muscle, try walking on your heels or simply standing on your heels and turning your toes up toward your shins.
1-7. Create a calf workout schedule.
You will want to work your calves several times a week, giving them a rest between workout days to repair and build muscle. If you have not worked your calves before, follow a beginner's workout schedule. If you have been working on your calves for a while, consider an intermediate or advanced workout schedule.
For a beginner's workout, do double-leg calf raises for 2 sets of 12 reps.
For an intermediate workout, do double-leg calf raises for 3 sets of 8 to 12 reps, then single-leg calf raises for 3 sets of 8 to 12 reps.
For an advanced workout, do box jumps for 1 set of 5 reps, then double-leg calf raises for 2 sets of 8 to 10 reps, then single-leg calf raises or jump squats for 2 sets of 8 to 10 reps.
You should feel a sore strain in your muscles when you finish your sets. That feeling is the feeling of your muscles tearing and newer, stronger and larger ones replacing them.
With every calf workout week, try doing a few sets more.
2. Stretching Your Calf Muscles
2-1. Learn to stretch your calves correctly.
Calf muscles need to be stretched regularly to keep the muscle from becoming short and tight and restricting your movement. It is important to utilize stretching as a part of your calf building regiment after your workout. Breathe slowly in through your nose and out your mouth as you stretch.
Hold your stretches for at least 20 seconds. As your calf muscles become more flexible, you will be able to hold stretches for longer. Aim to reach a single 60-second hold or 2–3 sets of 20 seconds each.
2-2. Do a step drop stretch.
Use the same step you use to workout your calves with or a curb works too. Put the ball of your foot on the higher step or ledge, and slowly lower your heel down to the lower level. You will feel it stretching your calf muscles as you try to touch your heel to the ground.
You may need to do this next to a wall or something else to balance yourself if needed.
Don’t force your heel all the way down if it hurts. It may take some time but you will be able to do this with practice.
2-3. Try the towel pull method.
Sit down, and put your legs straight out in front of you, keeping your back straight. Wrap a towel around the ball of your right foot and hold each side of the towel with one hand. Slowly lean back, and pull on the towel until you feel a slight burn in the calf muscle. Hold the stretch for 20 seconds, and switch feet.
The towel pull stretch works best with bare feet.
2-4. Practice the runner’s stretch.
This is a commonly performed stretch that is great for your gastrocnemius muscle. To do the stretch, keep your back straight, and extend your arms. Place both palms against a wall or other sturdy object, while you extend your right leg behind you, heel pressed to the ground. Move your left leg into a forward lunge and, bending your elbows, slowly lean forward.
To stretch the soleus muscle deeper in your calf, place your toe up against the wall with your heel on the ground. Lean into this with a bent knee so the top of your foot flexes toward you.
2-5. Do a standing calf stretch.
Stand with legs straight and at hip-level. Bend forward at the waist so your fingers reach the floor. While touching the floor, move your hands slowly in front of your body, supporting more weight on your hands as you do so. Then move your hands back to your starting position.
2-6. Do a sitting calf stretch.
Sit down with your legs in front of you. Flex your toes toward you, then reach out and grasp the balls of your feet. Pull your toes toward you until you feel a slight burn in your calf. Hold for 30 seconds or up to 1 minute.
2-7. Stretch your front calf muscle.
The tibialis anterior is the muscle that runs along the outer front of your calf, alongside the shin. Try a couple simple techniques to stretch this muscle:
While seated on the floor, stretch your legs out in front of you and point your toes.
While seated in a chair, tuck your feet back under the chair and rest the tops of your feet on the floor, with your toes facing behind you.
2-8. Do yoga
While yoga is most well-known for its relaxation and stretching benefits, it can also help build and tone muscles. One pose that is particularly effective at working out and stretching your calves at the same time is Downward-Facing Dog. While you don’t need any special equipment to do this pose, you will need a space with enough room to do it.
Get into a pushup position with both your hands and toes on the floor. Lift your hips, keeping your hands and toes on the ground, until your body is shaped like an upside-down “V”.
Hold this position for 2 seconds, while lowering your right heel onto the floor. Lift your right heel back up, and lower your left heel for 2 seconds.
Do 2 sets of 10 reps. Rest between each set for at least 30 seconds. As time goes on and you get better at doing this pose, you can increase the number of sets that you do and the length of time that you hold the pose.
3. Making Exercise a Part of Your Life
3-1. Run, walk or hike.
These activities all require your calves to carry your body weight while doing a more intense activity for a longer period of time than you normally do. This is especially true of running and hiking uphill. Your calves have to work very hard to get your body over steep hills, so consider using uneven terrain to maximize your calf workout.
You can use an elliptical to build your calf muscles and protect your joints at the same time. Many ellipticals have an incline feature that will work out your muscles further while still being comparatively low-impact.
If you do walk, run or hike on uneven ground, pay attention to your footing so you don't trip and hurt yourself.
3-2. Participate in sports.
There are many activities that you can engage in regularly that are fun and will help you tone and build your calf muscles. Consider sports activities that require you to run, jump and push off of your calf muscles for quick acceleration or directional changes. These include soccer, basketball, tennis, kickboxing and other sports that mainly utilize your legs.
3-3. Take an aerobics step or dance class.
Step and dance classes require you to use your calves a lot. When you move on or off a step, bend your knees or push off the balls of your feet, you will be working your calf muscles. Check online or in your local phone book for ballet, jazz, hip-hop or aerobic step classes near you.
3-4. Swim.
If you are recovering from an injury or cannot participate in high-impact activities because of certain medical conditions, consider swimming. When you swim, you use your leg muscles, including calf muscles. It is easy on the joints because there is no impact involved, and is a fairly safe way to make your calves stronger.
3-5. Cycle a lot.
Technically, a bicycle is a type of equipment--but it's one common to many households. If your climate and weather conditions permit, take your bike out for a spin. It's a great way to target the muscles in your calves. Another advantage of biking is that there are many ways to challenge yourself.
Switching gears can heighten the intensity of your bicycle workout as well as biking over hills and rougher surfaces like grass instead of pavement.
3-6. Maintain a healthy diet.
Eating fruits and vegetables will give you the energy you need to workout hard. Protein filled foods such as beans, lentils, quinoa, eggs, white meat, white fish, nuts and cheese, as well as protein supplements that can be added to shakes, will help to increase your muscle growth. Don't forget to drink plenty of water.
If you are a man, eat at least 60 grams of protein every day, while women should get at least 50 grams.
Drinking plenty of fluids is essential to any workout. Drink at least 64 ounces of liquids a day, preferably water.
Tips
If you are recovering from a leg injury, try starting with seated calf raises. Sit up straight in a chair with your feet flat on the floor and your shins vertical. Push against the floor with the balls of your feet, lift your heels as high as you can, then slowly lower them.[19]
X
Research source
Lean forward and push down on your lower thighs for more resistance.
Working your thighs, butt and abdominals will help you strengthen and grow calf muscles as well. Exercises like squats, lunges, leg raises and jumping jacks are beneficial.
Be patient. Your calves will grow, but it takes dedication, patience and, of course, work.
Warnings
Ensure that both legs are equally worked.
Don’t overdo your workouts. Customize your exercises to match your fitness level so you don’t risk injuring yourself.
Consult with a fitness professional to ensure that you are doing exercises and stretches correctly.
If you suffer severe persistent leg pain after a workout, talk to your doctor.
Always talk to a medical professional before starting a new exercise routine, especially if you have ever had a foot, ankle or calf muscle injury.[20]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Exercising Your Calves\\n1-1. Do double-leg calf raises.\\nThis is a classic exercise for toning and strengthening the calf muscles. This workout utilizes your own body weight instead of a weight machine to help build muscle mass. It strengthens both the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. To start off, you will need to stand near a wall to balance yourself, if needed, and your feet should be hip-width apart with your ankles, knees and hips vertically aligned.\\nPush your body upward on the balls of both feet. Make sure that your abdominal muscles are engaged so that your back remains straight instead of shifted forward or backward.\\nFor a more intense workout, you can place the balls of your feet on a step so that your heels are on the lower level. Push up with the balls of your feet to lift your heels as high as you can off the floor. Then, slowly lower your heels back down to the floor. Repeat.\\nAdditionally, you can add weight to strengthen your calves further, such as holding milk jugs, cans, a heavy backpack or something else while you do the exercises.\\n1-2. Practice single-leg calf raises.\\nThe intensity of the calf raise exercise is enhanced when you do one leg at a time. This is because your full body weight must be lifted by one leg instead of two. Again, stand near a wall in case you need to balance yourself, and put your left leg behind you. Ensure that the ankle, knee and hip of the right leg are all aligned vertically.\\nPush your body upward on the ball of your right foot. Make sure that your abdominal muscles are engaged so that your back remains straight as you are lifted up.\\nFor a more intense workout, you can place the ball of your right foot on a step so that your heel is on the lower level. Push up with the ball of your foot to lift your heel as high as you can off the floor. Bring your heel down.\\nRepeat with the left foot.\\nAdditionally, you can add weight to strengthen your calves further, such as holding a milk jug, a can or two, a heavy backpack or something else while you perform the single-leg calf raise.\\nIf you need to, hold something heavy with one hand and place the other hand on the wall to help balance you.\\nIt is important to work each leg equally to avoid one calf becoming thicker than the other.\\n1-3. Try to do donkey calf raises.\\nTo do this exercise, you will need a bench or some other sturdy object and a partner--but no equipment is required. Bend over and grasp the sturdy object or bench with your hands. Your toes should be facing forward, and be sure not to lock your knees.\\nHave your partner climb onto your lower back near your tailbone. The heavier the person, the harder the workout.\\nRaise your heels off the floor by pushing up on the balls of your feet. Pause, then lower your heels back to the floor, and repeat.\\nYou can add more weight by having your partner hold something heavy like a backpack or milk jug while you do the exercise.\\n1-4. Do box jumps.\\nBox jumps can strengthen your calf muscles and make them more powerful. When you practice this exercise regularly, your muscles are trained to react and contract quickly. This not only builds muscle but allows you to jump and spring in different directions much more quickly.\\nGet a box that is high enough for you to get a workout but not so high that you might strain or hurt yourself. You may need to build up from a lower level box to a higher level one over time.\\nStand in front of the box. Use the balls of your feet to jump onto the box, landing on the balls and toes of your feet. Jump back down to the floor, and repeat.\\nDo this 8 -10 times per set. As with calf raises, the more often you do this, the easier it will become. At that point, it will be necessary to challenge yourself with more reps.\\nIt isn’t a good idea to hold weights or anything else when you do box jumps so you can still catch yourself if you fall.\\n1-5. Jump rope.\\nWhen you use a jump rope, your calf is constantly engaged. This helps build muscle, provides a good cardiovascular workout and makes you quicker on your feet as well. Do this exercise regularly, and see why you don’t need weight equipment to tone your calf muscles.\\nTo jump rope effectively, hold your hands out to your sides, and make small, fast circles with your wrists to spin the rope. Jump an inch or so off the ground over the rope as it moves under your feet.\\nJump rope at least 3 times a week. Start out doing just 1 set for 2 minutes and then advance to several sets. You should strive for 15 minutes per session at minimum. \\nIf you don’t have a jump rope or find this activity difficult, run on your toes in the same spot instead.\\n1-6. Exercise your front calf muscles.\\nIt is also important to exercise the tibialis anterior, the muscle that runs along the outer front of your calf and alongside the shin. To exercise this muscle, try walking on your heels or simply standing on your heels and turning your toes up toward your shins.\\n1-7. Create a calf workout schedule.\\nYou will want to work your calves several times a week, giving them a rest between workout days to repair and build muscle. If you have not worked your calves before, follow a beginner's workout schedule. If you have been working on your calves for a while, consider an intermediate or advanced workout schedule.\\nFor a beginner's workout, do double-leg calf raises for 2 sets of 12 reps.\\nFor an intermediate workout, do double-leg calf raises for 3 sets of 8 to 12 reps, then single-leg calf raises for 3 sets of 8 to 12 reps.\\nFor an advanced workout, do box jumps for 1 set of 5 reps, then double-leg calf raises for 2 sets of 8 to 10 reps, then single-leg calf raises or jump squats for 2 sets of 8 to 10 reps.\\nYou should feel a sore strain in your muscles when you finish your sets. That feeling is the feeling of your muscles tearing and newer, stronger and larger ones replacing them.\\nWith every calf workout week, try doing a few sets more.\\n2. Stretching Your Calf Muscles\\n2-1. Learn to stretch your calves correctly.\\nCalf muscles need to be stretched regularly to keep the muscle from becoming short and tight and restricting your movement. It is important to utilize stretching as a part of your calf building regiment after your workout. Breathe slowly in through your nose and out your mouth as you stretch.\\nHold your stretches for at least 20 seconds. As your calf muscles become more flexible, you will be able to hold stretches for longer. Aim to reach a single 60-second hold or 2–3 sets of 20 seconds each.\\n2-2. Do a step drop stretch.\\nUse the same step you use to workout your calves with or a curb works too. Put the ball of your foot on the higher step or ledge, and slowly lower your heel down to the lower level. You will feel it stretching your calf muscles as you try to touch your heel to the ground.\\nYou may need to do this next to a wall or something else to balance yourself if needed.\\nDon’t force your heel all the way down if it hurts. It may take some time but you will be able to do this with practice.\\n2-3. Try the towel pull method.\\nSit down, and put your legs straight out in front of you, keeping your back straight. Wrap a towel around the ball of your right foot and hold each side of the towel with one hand. Slowly lean back, and pull on the towel until you feel a slight burn in the calf muscle. Hold the stretch for 20 seconds, and switch feet.\\nThe towel pull stretch works best with bare feet.\\n2-4. Practice the runner’s stretch.\\nThis is a commonly performed stretch that is great for your gastrocnemius muscle. To do the stretch, keep your back straight, and extend your arms. Place both palms against a wall or other sturdy object, while you extend your right leg behind you, heel pressed to the ground. Move your left leg into a forward lunge and, bending your elbows, slowly lean forward.\\nTo stretch the soleus muscle deeper in your calf, place your toe up against the wall with your heel on the ground. Lean into this with a bent knee so the top of your foot flexes toward you.\\n2-5. Do a standing calf stretch.\\nStand with legs straight and at hip-level. Bend forward at the waist so your fingers reach the floor. While touching the floor, move your hands slowly in front of your body, supporting more weight on your hands as you do so. Then move your hands back to your starting position.\\n2-6. Do a sitting calf stretch.\\nSit down with your legs in front of you. Flex your toes toward you, then reach out and grasp the balls of your feet. Pull your toes toward you until you feel a slight burn in your calf. Hold for 30 seconds or up to 1 minute.\\n2-7. Stretch your front calf muscle.\\nThe tibialis anterior is the muscle that runs along the outer front of your calf, alongside the shin. Try a couple simple techniques to stretch this muscle: \\nWhile seated on the floor, stretch your legs out in front of you and point your toes.\\nWhile seated in a chair, tuck your feet back under the chair and rest the tops of your feet on the floor, with your toes facing behind you.\\n2-8. Do yoga\\nWhile yoga is most well-known for its relaxation and stretching benefits, it can also help build and tone muscles. One pose that is particularly effective at working out and stretching your calves at the same time is Downward-Facing Dog. While you don’t need any special equipment to do this pose, you will need a space with enough room to do it.\\nGet into a pushup position with both your hands and toes on the floor. Lift your hips, keeping your hands and toes on the ground, until your body is shaped like an upside-down “V”.\\nHold this position for 2 seconds, while lowering your right heel onto the floor. Lift your right heel back up, and lower your left heel for 2 seconds.\\nDo 2 sets of 10 reps. Rest between each set for at least 30 seconds. As time goes on and you get better at doing this pose, you can increase the number of sets that you do and the length of time that you hold the pose.\\n3. Making Exercise a Part of Your Life\\n3-1. Run, walk or hike.\\nThese activities all require your calves to carry your body weight while doing a more intense activity for a longer period of time than you normally do. This is especially true of running and hiking uphill. Your calves have to work very hard to get your body over steep hills, so consider using uneven terrain to maximize your calf workout.\\nYou can use an elliptical to build your calf muscles and protect your joints at the same time. Many ellipticals have an incline feature that will work out your muscles further while still being comparatively low-impact.\\nIf you do walk, run or hike on uneven ground, pay attention to your footing so you don't trip and hurt yourself.\\n3-2. Participate in sports.\\nThere are many activities that you can engage in regularly that are fun and will help you tone and build your calf muscles. Consider sports activities that require you to run, jump and push off of your calf muscles for quick acceleration or directional changes. These include soccer, basketball, tennis, kickboxing and other sports that mainly utilize your legs.\\n3-3. Take an aerobics step or dance class.\\nStep and dance classes require you to use your calves a lot. When you move on or off a step, bend your knees or push off the balls of your feet, you will be working your calf muscles. Check online or in your local phone book for ballet, jazz, hip-hop or aerobic step classes near you.\\n3-4. Swim.\\nIf you are recovering from an injury or cannot participate in high-impact activities because of certain medical conditions, consider swimming. When you swim, you use your leg muscles, including calf muscles. It is easy on the joints because there is no impact involved, and is a fairly safe way to make your calves stronger.\\n3-5. Cycle a lot.\\nTechnically, a bicycle is a type of equipment--but it's one common to many households. If your climate and weather conditions permit, take your bike out for a spin. It's a great way to target the muscles in your calves. Another advantage of biking is that there are many ways to challenge yourself.\\nSwitching gears can heighten the intensity of your bicycle workout as well as biking over hills and rougher surfaces like grass instead of pavement.\\n3-6. Maintain a healthy diet.\\nEating fruits and vegetables will give you the energy you need to workout hard. Protein filled foods such as beans, lentils, quinoa, eggs, white meat, white fish, nuts and cheese, as well as protein supplements that can be added to shakes, will help to increase your muscle growth. Don't forget to drink plenty of water.\\nIf you are a man, eat at least 60 grams of protein every day, while women should get at least 50 grams.\\nDrinking plenty of fluids is essential to any workout. Drink at least 64 ounces of liquids a day, preferably water.\\nTips\\nIf you are recovering from a leg injury, try starting with seated calf raises. Sit up straight in a chair with your feet flat on the floor and your shins vertical. Push against the floor with the balls of your feet, lift your heels as high as you can, then slowly lower them.[19]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n Lean forward and push down on your lower thighs for more resistance.\\nWorking your thighs, butt and abdominals will help you strengthen and grow calf muscles as well. Exercises like squats, lunges, leg raises and jumping jacks are beneficial.\\nBe patient. Your calves will grow, but it takes dedication, patience and, of course, work.\\nWarnings\\nEnsure that both legs are equally worked.\\nDon’t overdo your workouts. Customize your exercises to match your fitness level so you don’t risk injuring yourself.\\nConsult with a fitness professional to ensure that you are doing exercises and stretches correctly.\\nIf you suffer severe persistent leg pain after a workout, talk to your doctor.\\nAlways talk to a medical professional before starting a new exercise routine, especially if you have ever had a foot, ankle or calf muscle injury.[20]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Your calves are vital to walking, running, jumping—any kind of activity that involves your legs, really. And the stronger your calves, the better you'll perform in other areas where your legs are the main movers. It doesn't take any expensive equipment or gym memberships to make the most of your muscles, either. We'll show you how to exercise and stretch your calf muscles at home, plus how to incorporate these exercises into your routine for the best results.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Exercising Your Calves\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do double-leg calf raises.\", \"描述\": \"This is a classic exercise for toning and strengthening the calf muscles. This workout utilizes your own body weight instead of a weight machine to help build muscle mass. It strengthens both the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. To start off, you will need to stand near a wall to balance yourself, if needed, and your feet should be hip-width apart with your ankles, knees and hips vertically aligned.\\nPush your body upward on the balls of both feet. Make sure that your abdominal muscles are engaged so that your back remains straight instead of shifted forward or backward.\\nFor a more intense workout, you can place the balls of your feet on a step so that your heels are on the lower level. Push up with the balls of your feet to lift your heels as high as you can off the floor. Then, slowly lower your heels back down to the floor. Repeat.\\nAdditionally, you can add weight to strengthen your calves further, such as holding milk jugs, cans, a heavy backpack or something else while you do the exercises.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practice single-leg calf raises.\", \"描述\": \"The intensity of the calf raise exercise is enhanced when you do one leg at a time. This is because your full body weight must be lifted by one leg instead of two. Again, stand near a wall in case you need to balance yourself, and put your left leg behind you. Ensure that the ankle, knee and hip of the right leg are all aligned vertically.\\nPush your body upward on the ball of your right foot. Make sure that your abdominal muscles are engaged so that your back remains straight as you are lifted up.\\nFor a more intense workout, you can place the ball of your right foot on a step so that your heel is on the lower level. Push up with the ball of your foot to lift your heel as high as you can off the floor. Bring your heel down.\\nRepeat with the left foot.\\nAdditionally, you can add weight to strengthen your calves further, such as holding a milk jug, a can or two, a heavy backpack or something else while you perform the single-leg calf raise.\\nIf you need to, hold something heavy with one hand and place the other hand on the wall to help balance you.\\nIt is important to work each leg equally to avoid one calf becoming thicker than the other.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try to do donkey calf raises.\", \"描述\": \"To do this exercise, you will need a bench or some other sturdy object and a partner--but no equipment is required. Bend over and grasp the sturdy object or bench with your hands. Your toes should be facing forward, and be sure not to lock your knees.\\nHave your partner climb onto your lower back near your tailbone. The heavier the person, the harder the workout.\\nRaise your heels off the floor by pushing up on the balls of your feet. Pause, then lower your heels back to the floor, and repeat.\\nYou can add more weight by having your partner hold something heavy like a backpack or milk jug while you do the exercise.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Do box jumps.\", \"描述\": \"Box jumps can strengthen your calf muscles and make them more powerful. When you practice this exercise regularly, your muscles are trained to react and contract quickly. This not only builds muscle but allows you to jump and spring in different directions much more quickly.\\nGet a box that is high enough for you to get a workout but not so high that you might strain or hurt yourself. You may need to build up from a lower level box to a higher level one over time.\\nStand in front of the box. Use the balls of your feet to jump onto the box, landing on the balls and toes of your feet. Jump back down to the floor, and repeat.\\nDo this 8 -10 times per set. As with calf raises, the more often you do this, the easier it will become. At that point, it will be necessary to challenge yourself with more reps.\\nIt isn’t a good idea to hold weights or anything else when you do box jumps so you can still catch yourself if you fall.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Jump rope.\", \"描述\": \"When you use a jump rope, your calf is constantly engaged. This helps build muscle, provides a good cardiovascular workout and makes you quicker on your feet as well. Do this exercise regularly, and see why you don’t need weight equipment to tone your calf muscles.\\nTo jump rope effectively, hold your hands out to your sides, and make small, fast circles with your wrists to spin the rope. Jump an inch or so off the ground over the rope as it moves under your feet.\\nJump rope at least 3 times a week. Start out doing just 1 set for 2 minutes and then advance to several sets. You should strive for 15 minutes per session at minimum. \\nIf you don’t have a jump rope or find this activity difficult, run on your toes in the same spot instead.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Exercise your front calf muscles.\", \"描述\": \"It is also important to exercise the tibialis anterior, the muscle that runs along the outer front of your calf and alongside the shin. To exercise this muscle, try walking on your heels or simply standing on your heels and turning your toes up toward your shins.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Create a calf workout schedule.\", \"描述\": \"You will want to work your calves several times a week, giving them a rest between workout days to repair and build muscle. If you have not worked your calves before, follow a beginner's workout schedule. If you have been working on your calves for a while, consider an intermediate or advanced workout schedule.\\nFor a beginner's workout, do double-leg calf raises for 2 sets of 12 reps.\\nFor an intermediate workout, do double-leg calf raises for 3 sets of 8 to 12 reps, then single-leg calf raises for 3 sets of 8 to 12 reps.\\nFor an advanced workout, do box jumps for 1 set of 5 reps, then double-leg calf raises for 2 sets of 8 to 10 reps, then single-leg calf raises or jump squats for 2 sets of 8 to 10 reps.\\nYou should feel a sore strain in your muscles when you finish your sets. That feeling is the feeling of your muscles tearing and newer, stronger and larger ones replacing them.\\nWith every calf workout week, try doing a few sets more.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stretching Your Calf Muscles\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn to stretch your calves correctly.\", \"描述\": \"Calf muscles need to be stretched regularly to keep the muscle from becoming short and tight and restricting your movement. It is important to utilize stretching as a part of your calf building regiment after your workout. Breathe slowly in through your nose and out your mouth as you stretch.\\nHold your stretches for at least 20 seconds. As your calf muscles become more flexible, you will be able to hold stretches for longer. Aim to reach a single 60-second hold or 2–3 sets of 20 seconds each.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do a step drop stretch.\", \"描述\": \"Use the same step you use to workout your calves with or a curb works too. Put the ball of your foot on the higher step or ledge, and slowly lower your heel down to the lower level. You will feel it stretching your calf muscles as you try to touch your heel to the ground.\\nYou may need to do this next to a wall or something else to balance yourself if needed.\\nDon’t force your heel all the way down if it hurts. It may take some time but you will be able to do this with practice.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try the towel pull method.\", \"描述\": \"Sit down, and put your legs straight out in front of you, keeping your back straight. Wrap a towel around the ball of your right foot and hold each side of the towel with one hand. Slowly lean back, and pull on the towel until you feel a slight burn in the calf muscle. Hold the stretch for 20 seconds, and switch feet.\\nThe towel pull stretch works best with bare feet.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Practice the runner’s stretch.\", \"描述\": \"This is a commonly performed stretch that is great for your gastrocnemius muscle. To do the stretch, keep your back straight, and extend your arms. Place both palms against a wall or other sturdy object, while you extend your right leg behind you, heel pressed to the ground. Move your left leg into a forward lunge and, bending your elbows, slowly lean forward.\\nTo stretch the soleus muscle deeper in your calf, place your toe up against the wall with your heel on the ground. Lean into this with a bent knee so the top of your foot flexes toward you.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do a standing calf stretch.\", \"描述\": \"Stand with legs straight and at hip-level. Bend forward at the waist so your fingers reach the floor. While touching the floor, move your hands slowly in front of your body, supporting more weight on your hands as you do so. Then move your hands back to your starting position.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Do a sitting calf stretch.\", \"描述\": \"Sit down with your legs in front of you. Flex your toes toward you, then reach out and grasp the balls of your feet. Pull your toes toward you until you feel a slight burn in your calf. Hold for 30 seconds or up to 1 minute.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Stretch your front calf muscle.\", \"描述\": \"The tibialis anterior is the muscle that runs along the outer front of your calf, alongside the shin. Try a couple simple techniques to stretch this muscle: \\nWhile seated on the floor, stretch your legs out in front of you and point your toes.\\nWhile seated in a chair, tuck your feet back under the chair and rest the tops of your feet on the floor, with your toes facing behind you.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Do yoga\", \"描述\": \"While yoga is most well-known for its relaxation and stretching benefits, it can also help build and tone muscles. One pose that is particularly effective at working out and stretching your calves at the same time is Downward-Facing Dog. While you don’t need any special equipment to do this pose, you will need a space with enough room to do it.\\nGet into a pushup position with both your hands and toes on the floor. Lift your hips, keeping your hands and toes on the ground, until your body is shaped like an upside-down “V”.\\nHold this position for 2 seconds, while lowering your right heel onto the floor. Lift your right heel back up, and lower your left heel for 2 seconds.\\nDo 2 sets of 10 reps. Rest between each set for at least 30 seconds. As time goes on and you get better at doing this pose, you can increase the number of sets that you do and the length of time that you hold the pose.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Making Exercise a Part of Your Life\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Run, walk or hike.\", \"描述\": \"These activities all require your calves to carry your body weight while doing a more intense activity for a longer period of time than you normally do. This is especially true of running and hiking uphill. Your calves have to work very hard to get your body over steep hills, so consider using uneven terrain to maximize your calf workout.\\nYou can use an elliptical to build your calf muscles and protect your joints at the same time. Many ellipticals have an incline feature that will work out your muscles further while still being comparatively low-impact.\\nIf you do walk, run or hike on uneven ground, pay attention to your footing so you don't trip and hurt yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Participate in sports.\", \"描述\": \"There are many activities that you can engage in regularly that are fun and will help you tone and build your calf muscles. Consider sports activities that require you to run, jump and push off of your calf muscles for quick acceleration or directional changes. These include soccer, basketball, tennis, kickboxing and other sports that mainly utilize your legs.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Take an aerobics step or dance class.\", \"描述\": \"Step and dance classes require you to use your calves a lot. When you move on or off a step, bend your knees or push off the balls of your feet, you will be working your calf muscles. Check online or in your local phone book for ballet, jazz, hip-hop or aerobic step classes near you.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Swim.\", \"描述\": \"If you are recovering from an injury or cannot participate in high-impact activities because of certain medical conditions, consider swimming. When you swim, you use your leg muscles, including calf muscles. It is easy on the joints because there is no impact involved, and is a fairly safe way to make your calves stronger.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Cycle a lot.\", \"描述\": \"Technically, a bicycle is a type of equipment--but it's one common to many households. If your climate and weather conditions permit, take your bike out for a spin. It's a great way to target the muscles in your calves. Another advantage of biking is that there are many ways to challenge yourself.\\nSwitching gears can heighten the intensity of your bicycle workout as well as biking over hills and rougher surfaces like grass instead of pavement.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Maintain a healthy diet.\", \"描述\": \"Eating fruits and vegetables will give you the energy you need to workout hard. Protein filled foods such as beans, lentils, quinoa, eggs, white meat, white fish, nuts and cheese, as well as protein supplements that can be added to shakes, will help to increase your muscle growth. Don't forget to drink plenty of water.\\nIf you are a man, eat at least 60 grams of protein every day, while women should get at least 50 grams.\\nDrinking plenty of fluids is essential to any workout. Drink at least 64 ounces of liquids a day, preferably water.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"If you are recovering from a leg injury, try starting with seated calf raises. Sit up straight in a chair with your feet flat on the floor and your shins vertical. Push against the floor with the balls of your feet, lift your heels as high as you can, then slowly lower them.[19]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\\n\\n\\n Lean forward and push down on your lower thighs for more resistance.\\n\", \"Working your thighs, butt and abdominals will help you strengthen and grow calf muscles as well. Exercises like squats, lunges, leg raises and jumping jacks are beneficial.\\n\", \"Be patient. Your calves will grow, but it takes dedication, patience and, of course, work.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Ensure that both legs are equally worked.\\n\", \"Don’t overdo your workouts. Customize your exercises to match your fitness level so you don’t risk injuring yourself.\\n\", \"Consult with a fitness professional to ensure that you are doing exercises and stretches correctly.\\n\", \"If you suffer severe persistent leg pain after a workout, talk to your doctor.\\n\", \"Always talk to a medical professional before starting a new exercise routine, especially if you have ever had a foot, ankle or calf muscle injury.[20]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,098 |
How to Build Character
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1. Gaining Experience
1-1. Take risks.
Like an athlete needs to learn to lose to better appreciate a victory, a person needs to risk failure in order to build character. Character is built when a person moves out of their comfort zone and faces the possibility of failure. Learn to push yourself toward success, handle coming up short, and become a better person regardless of the outcome. Taking risks means committing to challenging projects that might be too difficult to take on.
Put yourself out there. Approach the cute the barista and risk getting shot down when you ask for a date. Volunteer for extra responsibilities at work, even if you're not sure you'll be able to do them. Decide what you want out of life and grab it.
Don't come up with reasons to not do things, look for reasons to act. Take a risk by going on that rock climbing trip with your friends, even if you haven't learned how to do it and are worried about embarrassing yourself. Take a risk by applying to those graduate schools with small student bodies. Don't invent excuses, invent reasons.
Building character doesn't mean acting recklessly when it comes to your safety. Driving recklessly, or abusing substances has nothing to do with building character. Take productive risks.
1-2. Surround yourself with people of high character.
Identify people in your life that you respect, people who you think exhibit desirable character traits. Decide what you want to be like, what makes the best version of yourself, and find people like that. Then, pay attention to what makes them successful, and try to learn from that.
Hang out with people who are older than you. Increasingly, we spend less and less time as a culture learning from our elders. As a young person, make it a goal to befriend someone much older than yourself and learn from their perspective. Spend time with older relatives, talking and learning.
Hang out with people very different than you. If you tend toward a quiet and reserved personality, you might think of someone with an uncensored and loud way of talking has good character, and can learn to loosen up a little bit and speak your mind.
Hang out with people you admire. The best way to build character is to hang around people you admire, who you want to be like, and who you can learn from. Don't surround yourself with sycophants or convenient friends. Befriend powerful people you want to model yourself after.
1-3. Get out of your comfort zone.
Building character means learning how to handle tough or uncomfortable situations. Volunteer helping at-risk kids after school, or spend time doing mission work through your church. Head to a local black metal show and see what it's like. Find ways to shake up the status quo and understand other people on a complicated level.
Travel to uncomfortable places and figure out how to make yourself feel at home. Walk around a town you've never been in and get someone to ask you for directions.
When you're trying to come up with ways to get out of your comfort zone, think about the things you liked when you were younger. You might go back to an old hobby, for instance, or you might try something that you used to think would never be possible.
1-4. Get a job that isn’t fun, at least once.
Mopping up the gunk under the meat grinder at the fast-food restaurant? Toiling under a hot summer sun mixing mortar? Dealing with angry customers at the shoe store? Less than desirable ways to spend your Saturday afternoons, it's true, but having difficult jobs is an excellent way of building character. Money becomes more valuable and more meaningful when you see what it takes to make it in the world.
Having a bad job helps you learn a lot about the way different business work, and the struggle some people face. Working at McDonald's is a difficult and dignified job and a person of high character will recognize that. Be a more open-minded and understanding person by working.
1-5. Commit to self-improvement.
Building character is an essential part of life-long learning. If you want to be a person that other people look to for inspiration, someone respected in your community and spoken of as a person of high character, make an active effort to improve yourself day in and day out.
Take small steps toward building your character. Pick one thing that you'd like to work on at a time. Maybe you want to be a better listener with your partner, or be more committed at work. Take it a day at a time and build the skills slowly. Don't try to take everything on at once. You'll do better when you focus on one new skill or trait at a time.
It's common to look back on yourself in your younger years and be embarrassed. Bad haircuts, outbursts, and immaturity. Don't be embarrassed. Take your embarrassment as a sign that you're building character.
2. Becoming a Leader
2-1. Learn to empathize.
Found among Lincoln's papers after his death was a stern note to a particular general who had failed to follow orders, in which Lincoln wrote that he was "distressed immeasurably" at the general's conduct. It's harsh, personal, and cutting. Interestingly enough, the note was never sent, probably because Lincoln–a great leader by any standard–had learned to empathize with the general, who had seen more blood at Gettysburg than Lincoln could have imagined. He gave the general the benefit of the doubt.
If a friend stands you up when you had plans, or if your boss fails to mention all the hard work you put in at a meeting, a person of character will let it slide sometimes. Learn from the past and be more cautious and calculated with your expectations next time.
A person of character focuses on the bigger picture. Tearing the general a new one would have accomplished nothing but alienating him from Lincoln, making the situation worse. What's done is done, and what's past is past. Try to focus on the future.
2-2. Let yourself vent in private.
Just because Lincoln didn't send the letter doesn't mean it wasn't important for him to write. No one, no matter how strong of character, can be made of ice. You're going to get angry, frustrated, and upset. That's a part of life. Burying those emotions into the depths of your person won't help you build character, so it's important to make room for venting sometimes, but in a private way that'll keep your public character safe. Find a relaxing activity to help you process frustrations and anger, so you can let it go.
Write angry screeds in a notebook, then tear it out and burn it. Listen to Slayer while you lift heavy stuff at the gym. Go running. Find a physical and healthy way to get the frustration out of your system and let it go.
On House of Cards, Frank Underwood, stoic and sleazy politician, likes to blow off steam playing violent video games after a long day of cutting deals in the House of Representatives. It's more than just a funny character trait: everyone needs a way to unwind. Find yours.
2-3. Open up to a variety of people.
A person of character is able to communicate openly with lots of different kinds of people. Don't be insular. character comes from learning as much as you can from different sorts of people. Have long talks with the guy at the BBQ joint you frequent, and with the bartender, as well as your coworkers, your friends, and your family. Listen to what they have to say. Be honest with them. This helps to build character.
If you need to vent, find mutually-beneficial vent partners and meet up to open up with each other. Then talk about other things and focus on happier times. Don't just dwell on the bad.
2-4. Lose graciously.
As James Michener once put it, character has to do with what you do on the third and fourth try, not the first. How do you approach a difficult or a losing situation? Learn to face defeat and lose graciously and you'll start building strong character traits.
Compete at little things to help learn this skill. It's hard to learn to lose graciously when you're talking about major, life-changing competitions, like getting into college, competing for a job, or more serious competitive moments. Build these traits playing board games, sports, and other littler ways of competing, so you can have the essential foundation for the more important stuff.
Be a good winner, too. Remember how it feels to come up short and neither condescend nor criticizer the loser. Celebrate in private, but celebrate.
2-5. Challenge yourself with difficult goals.
A person of character should lead by example, taking on challenges that won't come easily. Whether at school, work, or wherever you are, take on difficult projects and commit to doing them the right way.
In school, don't challenge yourself to get "good grades," challenge yourself to do the best work that you're capable of doing. Maybe an A isn't high enough for what you can achieve.
At work, volunteer for extra responsibilities, put in extra hours at the office, and go above and beyond each time you do your work. Whatever you do, do it right.
At home, commit to bettering yourself in your free time. Nights that might be spent aimlessly shuffling things around your Netflix queue could be spend learning guitar, or getting cracking on that novel you've always wanted to write, or fixing up that old roadster. Take your hobbies seriously.
3. Growing and Maturing
3-1. Use setbacks as fuel.
FailCon is a Silicon Valley conference that celebrates failure as an essential part of success. Failure is just a speed bump on the way to getting what you want, eliminating one possibility from a list of possibilities. Fail early and fail often, take your licks, and learn what you can the next time you reorganize and set yourself up for a better outcome.
Go about failure in a scientific way. If you started a company that ended up bankrupt, or if your band just broke up, or if you lost your job, welcome the failure. There, you might say, was one wrong answer that you can check off the list of possible right answers. You're just making your job easier.
Remember that often you get more from the journey than you do the destination. Try to enjoy the progress you make, including the failures, shortcomings, and false starts that get you there.
3-2. Stop looking to others for approval.
Sometimes psychologists talk about inner and outer locus of control. People with an "inner locus" are satisfied from within, looking to satisfy themselves and worry less about what other people think. People with an outer locus, on the other hand, are pleasers. While self-sacrifice can seem like a character trait that's desirable, pleasing others to please yourself keeps other people in the driver's seat. If you want to take control of your life and your developing character, learn to worry about doing what you think is right, not what your boss, your partner, or other forces in your life tell you.
3-3. Think big.
Dream your dreams and define big goals for yourself. What would be the best possible version of your life? Jump in headfirst. If you want to be a professional musician, move to the big city, form a band, and start gigging. Make no excuses. If you want to be a writer, find a job that gives you ample time to practice your craft and set a word-count goal each day on your novel. Write like mad. Aim for the top.
A person of high character is also someone satisfied with what they have. Maybe for you, staying in your hometown, marrying your sweetheart, and having some kids is the best possible life you can imagine. Go for it. Pop the question and be satisfied.
3-4. Find a ladder and start climbing it.
Decide what you want and find the route that will take you to it. If you want to be a doctor, figure out what medical schools will give you the best chance of getting a job, and commit to the grind of getting through the med school and residency process. Throw yourself into the work and the learning. Grab the brass ring.
When you're trying to find your purpose, think about how you're interested in giving back to the world. Then, use that as a starting point for the direction you want to go.
3-5. Learn to recognize and embrace your defining moments.
Defining moments are easy to see in retrospect. Moments in which your mettle was tested, or your character was put to a challenge. A person of character will learn to recognize and anticipate those moments, to figure out what you might regret doing, or not doing, in the future, and making the right choice. There's no one way to do this, but it's got to do with how honest and familiar you are with yourself.
Try to imagine all the possible outcomes of a given situation. If you're thinking about moving across the country to pursue a career in acting, what might happen? What will happen if you stay? Can you live with either outcome? What does it mean to "make it"?
A person of high character, when recognizing defining moments, makes the right decision. If you're being tempted to stab a coworker in the back to get ahead, is it the right choice for you if it comes with a bigger paycheck? Will you be able to live with it? Only you can make that call.
3-6. Stay busy and avoid idleness.
People of high character are doers, not talkers. When you decide to act, don't put your plan somewhere in the hypothetical future, roll it into motion right now, this second. Start doing what you want to do today.
People of high character avoid indulgent behavior. Sleeping the day away, staying out all night drinking, and loafing around for no reason are not generally the behaviors of people high in character. Be a moral compass, not a beacon of sloth.
Try to align your hobbies and your work as much as possible. If you enjoy reading books and daydreaming, go into academics and put your poetic senses to good use. If you like punching heavy bags, become a gym rat and start working at the gym. If you're doing what you want to do, you'll build character.
Tips
Keep in mind that there is no easy path to the things you want. If you want to learn a skill or master something, it will take effort and dedication.
Celebrate your successes. It's important to look back toward where you started so that you can see how much you've grown and progressed.
Keep a journal or calendar so that you can track your progress and see how far you have come.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Gaining Experience\\n1-1. Take risks.\\nLike an athlete needs to learn to lose to better appreciate a victory, a person needs to risk failure in order to build character. Character is built when a person moves out of their comfort zone and faces the possibility of failure. Learn to push yourself toward success, handle coming up short, and become a better person regardless of the outcome. Taking risks means committing to challenging projects that might be too difficult to take on.\\nPut yourself out there. Approach the cute the barista and risk getting shot down when you ask for a date. Volunteer for extra responsibilities at work, even if you're not sure you'll be able to do them. Decide what you want out of life and grab it.\\nDon't come up with reasons to not do things, look for reasons to act. Take a risk by going on that rock climbing trip with your friends, even if you haven't learned how to do it and are worried about embarrassing yourself. Take a risk by applying to those graduate schools with small student bodies. Don't invent excuses, invent reasons.\\nBuilding character doesn't mean acting recklessly when it comes to your safety. Driving recklessly, or abusing substances has nothing to do with building character. Take productive risks.\\n1-2. Surround yourself with people of high character.\\nIdentify people in your life that you respect, people who you think exhibit desirable character traits. Decide what you want to be like, what makes the best version of yourself, and find people like that. Then, pay attention to what makes them successful, and try to learn from that.\\nHang out with people who are older than you. Increasingly, we spend less and less time as a culture learning from our elders. As a young person, make it a goal to befriend someone much older than yourself and learn from their perspective. Spend time with older relatives, talking and learning.\\nHang out with people very different than you. If you tend toward a quiet and reserved personality, you might think of someone with an uncensored and loud way of talking has good character, and can learn to loosen up a little bit and speak your mind.\\nHang out with people you admire. The best way to build character is to hang around people you admire, who you want to be like, and who you can learn from. Don't surround yourself with sycophants or convenient friends. Befriend powerful people you want to model yourself after.\\n1-3. Get out of your comfort zone.\\nBuilding character means learning how to handle tough or uncomfortable situations. Volunteer helping at-risk kids after school, or spend time doing mission work through your church. Head to a local black metal show and see what it's like. Find ways to shake up the status quo and understand other people on a complicated level.\\nTravel to uncomfortable places and figure out how to make yourself feel at home. Walk around a town you've never been in and get someone to ask you for directions.\\nWhen you're trying to come up with ways to get out of your comfort zone, think about the things you liked when you were younger. You might go back to an old hobby, for instance, or you might try something that you used to think would never be possible.\\n1-4. Get a job that isn’t fun, at least once.\\nMopping up the gunk under the meat grinder at the fast-food restaurant? Toiling under a hot summer sun mixing mortar? Dealing with angry customers at the shoe store? Less than desirable ways to spend your Saturday afternoons, it's true, but having difficult jobs is an excellent way of building character. Money becomes more valuable and more meaningful when you see what it takes to make it in the world.\\nHaving a bad job helps you learn a lot about the way different business work, and the struggle some people face. Working at McDonald's is a difficult and dignified job and a person of high character will recognize that. Be a more open-minded and understanding person by working.\\n1-5. Commit to self-improvement.\\nBuilding character is an essential part of life-long learning. If you want to be a person that other people look to for inspiration, someone respected in your community and spoken of as a person of high character, make an active effort to improve yourself day in and day out.\\nTake small steps toward building your character. Pick one thing that you'd like to work on at a time. Maybe you want to be a better listener with your partner, or be more committed at work. Take it a day at a time and build the skills slowly. Don't try to take everything on at once. You'll do better when you focus on one new skill or trait at a time.\\nIt's common to look back on yourself in your younger years and be embarrassed. Bad haircuts, outbursts, and immaturity. Don't be embarrassed. Take your embarrassment as a sign that you're building character.\\n2. Becoming a Leader\\n2-1. Learn to empathize.\\nFound among Lincoln's papers after his death was a stern note to a particular general who had failed to follow orders, in which Lincoln wrote that he was \\\"distressed immeasurably\\\" at the general's conduct. It's harsh, personal, and cutting. Interestingly enough, the note was never sent, probably because Lincoln–a great leader by any standard–had learned to empathize with the general, who had seen more blood at Gettysburg than Lincoln could have imagined. He gave the general the benefit of the doubt.\\nIf a friend stands you up when you had plans, or if your boss fails to mention all the hard work you put in at a meeting, a person of character will let it slide sometimes. Learn from the past and be more cautious and calculated with your expectations next time.\\nA person of character focuses on the bigger picture. Tearing the general a new one would have accomplished nothing but alienating him from Lincoln, making the situation worse. What's done is done, and what's past is past. Try to focus on the future.\\n2-2. Let yourself vent in private.\\nJust because Lincoln didn't send the letter doesn't mean it wasn't important for him to write. No one, no matter how strong of character, can be made of ice. You're going to get angry, frustrated, and upset. That's a part of life. Burying those emotions into the depths of your person won't help you build character, so it's important to make room for venting sometimes, but in a private way that'll keep your public character safe. Find a relaxing activity to help you process frustrations and anger, so you can let it go.\\nWrite angry screeds in a notebook, then tear it out and burn it. Listen to Slayer while you lift heavy stuff at the gym. Go running. Find a physical and healthy way to get the frustration out of your system and let it go.\\nOn House of Cards, Frank Underwood, stoic and sleazy politician, likes to blow off steam playing violent video games after a long day of cutting deals in the House of Representatives. It's more than just a funny character trait: everyone needs a way to unwind. Find yours.\\n2-3. Open up to a variety of people.\\nA person of character is able to communicate openly with lots of different kinds of people. Don't be insular. character comes from learning as much as you can from different sorts of people. Have long talks with the guy at the BBQ joint you frequent, and with the bartender, as well as your coworkers, your friends, and your family. Listen to what they have to say. Be honest with them. This helps to build character.\\nIf you need to vent, find mutually-beneficial vent partners and meet up to open up with each other. Then talk about other things and focus on happier times. Don't just dwell on the bad.\\n2-4. Lose graciously.\\nAs James Michener once put it, character has to do with what you do on the third and fourth try, not the first. How do you approach a difficult or a losing situation? Learn to face defeat and lose graciously and you'll start building strong character traits.\\nCompete at little things to help learn this skill. It's hard to learn to lose graciously when you're talking about major, life-changing competitions, like getting into college, competing for a job, or more serious competitive moments. Build these traits playing board games, sports, and other littler ways of competing, so you can have the essential foundation for the more important stuff.\\nBe a good winner, too. Remember how it feels to come up short and neither condescend nor criticizer the loser. Celebrate in private, but celebrate.\\n2-5. Challenge yourself with difficult goals.\\nA person of character should lead by example, taking on challenges that won't come easily. Whether at school, work, or wherever you are, take on difficult projects and commit to doing them the right way.\\nIn school, don't challenge yourself to get \\\"good grades,\\\" challenge yourself to do the best work that you're capable of doing. Maybe an A isn't high enough for what you can achieve.\\nAt work, volunteer for extra responsibilities, put in extra hours at the office, and go above and beyond each time you do your work. Whatever you do, do it right.\\nAt home, commit to bettering yourself in your free time. Nights that might be spent aimlessly shuffling things around your Netflix queue could be spend learning guitar, or getting cracking on that novel you've always wanted to write, or fixing up that old roadster. Take your hobbies seriously.\\n3. Growing and Maturing\\n3-1. Use setbacks as fuel.\\nFailCon is a Silicon Valley conference that celebrates failure as an essential part of success. Failure is just a speed bump on the way to getting what you want, eliminating one possibility from a list of possibilities. Fail early and fail often, take your licks, and learn what you can the next time you reorganize and set yourself up for a better outcome.\\nGo about failure in a scientific way. If you started a company that ended up bankrupt, or if your band just broke up, or if you lost your job, welcome the failure. There, you might say, was one wrong answer that you can check off the list of possible right answers. You're just making your job easier.\\nRemember that often you get more from the journey than you do the destination. Try to enjoy the progress you make, including the failures, shortcomings, and false starts that get you there.\\n3-2. Stop looking to others for approval.\\nSometimes psychologists talk about inner and outer locus of control. People with an \\\"inner locus\\\" are satisfied from within, looking to satisfy themselves and worry less about what other people think. People with an outer locus, on the other hand, are pleasers. While self-sacrifice can seem like a character trait that's desirable, pleasing others to please yourself keeps other people in the driver's seat. If you want to take control of your life and your developing character, learn to worry about doing what you think is right, not what your boss, your partner, or other forces in your life tell you.\\n3-3. Think big.\\nDream your dreams and define big goals for yourself. What would be the best possible version of your life? Jump in headfirst. If you want to be a professional musician, move to the big city, form a band, and start gigging. Make no excuses. If you want to be a writer, find a job that gives you ample time to practice your craft and set a word-count goal each day on your novel. Write like mad. Aim for the top.\\nA person of high character is also someone satisfied with what they have. Maybe for you, staying in your hometown, marrying your sweetheart, and having some kids is the best possible life you can imagine. Go for it. Pop the question and be satisfied.\\n3-4. Find a ladder and start climbing it.\\nDecide what you want and find the route that will take you to it. If you want to be a doctor, figure out what medical schools will give you the best chance of getting a job, and commit to the grind of getting through the med school and residency process. Throw yourself into the work and the learning. Grab the brass ring.\\nWhen you're trying to find your purpose, think about how you're interested in giving back to the world. Then, use that as a starting point for the direction you want to go.\\n3-5. Learn to recognize and embrace your defining moments.\\nDefining moments are easy to see in retrospect. Moments in which your mettle was tested, or your character was put to a challenge. A person of character will learn to recognize and anticipate those moments, to figure out what you might regret doing, or not doing, in the future, and making the right choice. There's no one way to do this, but it's got to do with how honest and familiar you are with yourself.\\nTry to imagine all the possible outcomes of a given situation. If you're thinking about moving across the country to pursue a career in acting, what might happen? What will happen if you stay? Can you live with either outcome? What does it mean to \\\"make it\\\"?\\nA person of high character, when recognizing defining moments, makes the right decision. If you're being tempted to stab a coworker in the back to get ahead, is it the right choice for you if it comes with a bigger paycheck? Will you be able to live with it? Only you can make that call.\\n3-6. Stay busy and avoid idleness.\\nPeople of high character are doers, not talkers. When you decide to act, don't put your plan somewhere in the hypothetical future, roll it into motion right now, this second. Start doing what you want to do today.\\nPeople of high character avoid indulgent behavior. Sleeping the day away, staying out all night drinking, and loafing around for no reason are not generally the behaviors of people high in character. Be a moral compass, not a beacon of sloth.\\nTry to align your hobbies and your work as much as possible. If you enjoy reading books and daydreaming, go into academics and put your poetic senses to good use. If you like punching heavy bags, become a gym rat and start working at the gym. If you're doing what you want to do, you'll build character.\\nTips\\nKeep in mind that there is no easy path to the things you want. If you want to learn a skill or master something, it will take effort and dedication.\\nCelebrate your successes. It's important to look back toward where you started so that you can see how much you've grown and progressed.\\nKeep a journal or calendar so that you can track your progress and see how far you have come.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Character comes from the Greek word kharakter, which means basically \\\"to engrave with a stick.\\\" Think of character like a stamp that you use to make an impression in the wax of your self. Whatever your age or experience, building character is a process of lifelong learning that involves experience, leadership, and a constant dedication to growth and maturity. Start building it now.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Gaining Experience\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take risks.\", \"描述\": \"Like an athlete needs to learn to lose to better appreciate a victory, a person needs to risk failure in order to build character. Character is built when a person moves out of their comfort zone and faces the possibility of failure. Learn to push yourself toward success, handle coming up short, and become a better person regardless of the outcome. Taking risks means committing to challenging projects that might be too difficult to take on.\\nPut yourself out there. Approach the cute the barista and risk getting shot down when you ask for a date. Volunteer for extra responsibilities at work, even if you're not sure you'll be able to do them. Decide what you want out of life and grab it.\\nDon't come up with reasons to not do things, look for reasons to act. Take a risk by going on that rock climbing trip with your friends, even if you haven't learned how to do it and are worried about embarrassing yourself. Take a risk by applying to those graduate schools with small student bodies. Don't invent excuses, invent reasons.\\nBuilding character doesn't mean acting recklessly when it comes to your safety. Driving recklessly, or abusing substances has nothing to do with building character. Take productive risks.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Surround yourself with people of high character.\", \"描述\": \"Identify people in your life that you respect, people who you think exhibit desirable character traits. Decide what you want to be like, what makes the best version of yourself, and find people like that. Then, pay attention to what makes them successful, and try to learn from that.\\nHang out with people who are older than you. Increasingly, we spend less and less time as a culture learning from our elders. As a young person, make it a goal to befriend someone much older than yourself and learn from their perspective. Spend time with older relatives, talking and learning.\\nHang out with people very different than you. If you tend toward a quiet and reserved personality, you might think of someone with an uncensored and loud way of talking has good character, and can learn to loosen up a little bit and speak your mind.\\nHang out with people you admire. The best way to build character is to hang around people you admire, who you want to be like, and who you can learn from. Don't surround yourself with sycophants or convenient friends. Befriend powerful people you want to model yourself after.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get out of your comfort zone.\", \"描述\": \"Building character means learning how to handle tough or uncomfortable situations. Volunteer helping at-risk kids after school, or spend time doing mission work through your church. Head to a local black metal show and see what it's like. Find ways to shake up the status quo and understand other people on a complicated level.\\nTravel to uncomfortable places and figure out how to make yourself feel at home. Walk around a town you've never been in and get someone to ask you for directions.\\nWhen you're trying to come up with ways to get out of your comfort zone, think about the things you liked when you were younger. You might go back to an old hobby, for instance, or you might try something that you used to think would never be possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Get a job that isn’t fun, at least once.\", \"描述\": \"Mopping up the gunk under the meat grinder at the fast-food restaurant? Toiling under a hot summer sun mixing mortar? Dealing with angry customers at the shoe store? Less than desirable ways to spend your Saturday afternoons, it's true, but having difficult jobs is an excellent way of building character. Money becomes more valuable and more meaningful when you see what it takes to make it in the world.\\nHaving a bad job helps you learn a lot about the way different business work, and the struggle some people face. Working at McDonald's is a difficult and dignified job and a person of high character will recognize that. Be a more open-minded and understanding person by working.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Commit to self-improvement.\", \"描述\": \"Building character is an essential part of life-long learning. If you want to be a person that other people look to for inspiration, someone respected in your community and spoken of as a person of high character, make an active effort to improve yourself day in and day out.\\nTake small steps toward building your character. Pick one thing that you'd like to work on at a time. Maybe you want to be a better listener with your partner, or be more committed at work. Take it a day at a time and build the skills slowly. Don't try to take everything on at once. You'll do better when you focus on one new skill or trait at a time.\\nIt's common to look back on yourself in your younger years and be embarrassed. Bad haircuts, outbursts, and immaturity. Don't be embarrassed. Take your embarrassment as a sign that you're building character.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Becoming a Leader\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Learn to empathize.\", \"描述\": \"Found among Lincoln's papers after his death was a stern note to a particular general who had failed to follow orders, in which Lincoln wrote that he was \\\"distressed immeasurably\\\" at the general's conduct. It's harsh, personal, and cutting. Interestingly enough, the note was never sent, probably because Lincoln–a great leader by any standard–had learned to empathize with the general, who had seen more blood at Gettysburg than Lincoln could have imagined. He gave the general the benefit of the doubt.\\nIf a friend stands you up when you had plans, or if your boss fails to mention all the hard work you put in at a meeting, a person of character will let it slide sometimes. Learn from the past and be more cautious and calculated with your expectations next time.\\nA person of character focuses on the bigger picture. Tearing the general a new one would have accomplished nothing but alienating him from Lincoln, making the situation worse. What's done is done, and what's past is past. Try to focus on the future.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Let yourself vent in private.\", \"描述\": \"Just because Lincoln didn't send the letter doesn't mean it wasn't important for him to write. No one, no matter how strong of character, can be made of ice. You're going to get angry, frustrated, and upset. That's a part of life. Burying those emotions into the depths of your person won't help you build character, so it's important to make room for venting sometimes, but in a private way that'll keep your public character safe. Find a relaxing activity to help you process frustrations and anger, so you can let it go.\\nWrite angry screeds in a notebook, then tear it out and burn it. Listen to Slayer while you lift heavy stuff at the gym. Go running. Find a physical and healthy way to get the frustration out of your system and let it go.\\nOn House of Cards, Frank Underwood, stoic and sleazy politician, likes to blow off steam playing violent video games after a long day of cutting deals in the House of Representatives. It's more than just a funny character trait: everyone needs a way to unwind. Find yours.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Open up to a variety of people.\", \"描述\": \"A person of character is able to communicate openly with lots of different kinds of people. Don't be insular. character comes from learning as much as you can from different sorts of people. Have long talks with the guy at the BBQ joint you frequent, and with the bartender, as well as your coworkers, your friends, and your family. Listen to what they have to say. Be honest with them. This helps to build character.\\nIf you need to vent, find mutually-beneficial vent partners and meet up to open up with each other. Then talk about other things and focus on happier times. Don't just dwell on the bad.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Lose graciously.\", \"描述\": \"As James Michener once put it, character has to do with what you do on the third and fourth try, not the first. How do you approach a difficult or a losing situation? Learn to face defeat and lose graciously and you'll start building strong character traits.\\nCompete at little things to help learn this skill. It's hard to learn to lose graciously when you're talking about major, life-changing competitions, like getting into college, competing for a job, or more serious competitive moments. Build these traits playing board games, sports, and other littler ways of competing, so you can have the essential foundation for the more important stuff.\\nBe a good winner, too. Remember how it feels to come up short and neither condescend nor criticizer the loser. Celebrate in private, but celebrate.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Challenge yourself with difficult goals.\", \"描述\": \"A person of character should lead by example, taking on challenges that won't come easily. Whether at school, work, or wherever you are, take on difficult projects and commit to doing them the right way.\\nIn school, don't challenge yourself to get \\\"good grades,\\\" challenge yourself to do the best work that you're capable of doing. Maybe an A isn't high enough for what you can achieve.\\nAt work, volunteer for extra responsibilities, put in extra hours at the office, and go above and beyond each time you do your work. Whatever you do, do it right.\\nAt home, commit to bettering yourself in your free time. Nights that might be spent aimlessly shuffling things around your Netflix queue could be spend learning guitar, or getting cracking on that novel you've always wanted to write, or fixing up that old roadster. Take your hobbies seriously.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Growing and Maturing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use setbacks as fuel.\", \"描述\": \"FailCon is a Silicon Valley conference that celebrates failure as an essential part of success. Failure is just a speed bump on the way to getting what you want, eliminating one possibility from a list of possibilities. Fail early and fail often, take your licks, and learn what you can the next time you reorganize and set yourself up for a better outcome.\\nGo about failure in a scientific way. If you started a company that ended up bankrupt, or if your band just broke up, or if you lost your job, welcome the failure. There, you might say, was one wrong answer that you can check off the list of possible right answers. You're just making your job easier.\\nRemember that often you get more from the journey than you do the destination. Try to enjoy the progress you make, including the failures, shortcomings, and false starts that get you there.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stop looking to others for approval.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes psychologists talk about inner and outer locus of control. People with an \\\"inner locus\\\" are satisfied from within, looking to satisfy themselves and worry less about what other people think. People with an outer locus, on the other hand, are pleasers. While self-sacrifice can seem like a character trait that's desirable, pleasing others to please yourself keeps other people in the driver's seat. If you want to take control of your life and your developing character, learn to worry about doing what you think is right, not what your boss, your partner, or other forces in your life tell you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Think big.\", \"描述\": \"Dream your dreams and define big goals for yourself. What would be the best possible version of your life? Jump in headfirst. If you want to be a professional musician, move to the big city, form a band, and start gigging. Make no excuses. If you want to be a writer, find a job that gives you ample time to practice your craft and set a word-count goal each day on your novel. Write like mad. Aim for the top.\\nA person of high character is also someone satisfied with what they have. Maybe for you, staying in your hometown, marrying your sweetheart, and having some kids is the best possible life you can imagine. Go for it. Pop the question and be satisfied.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Find a ladder and start climbing it.\", \"描述\": \"Decide what you want and find the route that will take you to it. If you want to be a doctor, figure out what medical schools will give you the best chance of getting a job, and commit to the grind of getting through the med school and residency process. Throw yourself into the work and the learning. Grab the brass ring.\\nWhen you're trying to find your purpose, think about how you're interested in giving back to the world. Then, use that as a starting point for the direction you want to go.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Learn to recognize and embrace your defining moments.\", \"描述\": \"Defining moments are easy to see in retrospect. Moments in which your mettle was tested, or your character was put to a challenge. A person of character will learn to recognize and anticipate those moments, to figure out what you might regret doing, or not doing, in the future, and making the right choice. There's no one way to do this, but it's got to do with how honest and familiar you are with yourself.\\nTry to imagine all the possible outcomes of a given situation. If you're thinking about moving across the country to pursue a career in acting, what might happen? What will happen if you stay? Can you live with either outcome? What does it mean to \\\"make it\\\"?\\nA person of high character, when recognizing defining moments, makes the right decision. If you're being tempted to stab a coworker in the back to get ahead, is it the right choice for you if it comes with a bigger paycheck? Will you be able to live with it? Only you can make that call.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Stay busy and avoid idleness.\", \"描述\": \"People of high character are doers, not talkers. When you decide to act, don't put your plan somewhere in the hypothetical future, roll it into motion right now, this second. Start doing what you want to do today.\\nPeople of high character avoid indulgent behavior. Sleeping the day away, staying out all night drinking, and loafing around for no reason are not generally the behaviors of people high in character. Be a moral compass, not a beacon of sloth.\\nTry to align your hobbies and your work as much as possible. If you enjoy reading books and daydreaming, go into academics and put your poetic senses to good use. If you like punching heavy bags, become a gym rat and start working at the gym. If you're doing what you want to do, you'll build character.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Keep in mind that there is no easy path to the things you want. If you want to learn a skill or master something, it will take effort and dedication.\\n\", \"Celebrate your successes. It's important to look back toward where you started so that you can see how much you've grown and progressed.\\n\", \"Keep a journal or calendar so that you can track your progress and see how far you have come.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,099 |
How to Build Character Through Integrity
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1. Getting a Sense of Character
1-1. Understand what character and integrity are.
The definitions of these words are often stretched or misrepresented. Learn what they truly mean:
In this use, character is the sum of qualities shown up in a person or group, moral or ethical strength, and the description of a person's attributes, traits, and abilities. Character is who you are. It defines you and guides your actions, hopefully in a positive way.
Integrity is steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code, being unimpaired, sound, whole and undivided.
Integrity can be summed up simply as doing the right thing for the right reason even when no one is watching.
1-2. Learn about different codes of ethics.
Some people turn to the ethics of a particular religion for their moral principles, others turn to moral philosophy, or develop their own sets of ethics based on their own experiences.
Two main codes of moral conduct are utilitarianism (or consequentialism) and deontology. Utilitarianism refers to the idea of maximizing the greatest good.
For example, a utilitarian may not think it is wrong to do property damage if it meant helping chimpanzees who were being experimented on unethically.
In contrast, a deontological view holds that some things are just plain wrong, regardless of the ultimate consequences. Someone with this view may view property damage as wrong, no matter what.
You do not need to adhere to one set of principles from one source; as you get a sense of what feels right and wrong for you, in any given circumstance, you can adjust your sense of right and wrong accordingly.
1-3. Examine your past.
Look at the choices you have made before, and observe how much you have or have not lived by those principles.
However, don't waste time feeling regretful or guilty. Think about your mistakes, acknowledge them, and do your best to change for the future.
1-4. Look up to others.
There is no need to start from scratch when deciding how to live with integrity. Take note of people who have come before you, both in your own personal life, as well as known figures from history who have lived a life full of integrity. You may find that looking up to others motivates you to live with integrity, yourself.
If there is someone in your life who is a moral exemplar, set up a meeting to talk together. Ask about how to manage life your way. Specifically, you might ask questions on how to maintain a great attitude. What does he/she say about feelings of receding (withdrawing), giving in and compromising values and not holding facts higher than anyone's self-serving opinion?
Do not emulate others. Keep in mind that you are a unique individual with a unique life, and you should not try to emulate anyone else's personality or character; instead, learn from others' character and apply what rings truest for you.
1-5. Be persistent but patient with yourself and others.
You have embarked on a lifelong journey and there are many hurdles. Give yourself credit when you act with integrity, and acknowledge when you don't, but don't give up on your goals and purposes when you slip or fail. Just as you probably forgive others over time for their mistakes, don't forget to also forgive yourself.
1-6. Decide on your code.
Choose a set of rules, morals, or principles that you believe will lead to a happy, satisfying, and righteous life, and to a better world.
Be willing to update your code as you gain more experience in life. It is ok to adjust your sense of right and wrong and your moral reasoning. Most people change how they think about right and wrong across their development.
The code you live by will depend on what your values are.
1-7. Determine your values.
To figure out the type of broad moral code that you want to live by, it is time to think about what values are important to you. You may be aided in figuring out your values by asking yourself some questions:
Think of two people that you admire highly. What is it that you admire about them? Is it the fact that they are always honest, even when it makes them look bad to be so? Is it that fact that they are generous with their time? What do they do that you find inspiring?
If you could change just one thing in your local community (or your country), what would you change? Why is that important to change, and more so than other things you might have picked? For example, would you make some part of your community more fair? Would you want people to respect their country more?
Think about a time or moment in your life when you felt very satisfied or fulfilled. What was happening at that time or in that moment? Why do you think that you felt that way?
What global issues get you the most excited or the most upset? Why do you think they affect you in that way? Is it space exploration that excites you? If so, maybe you value improving humanity through science. Is it reading about starvation that makes you the most upset? If so, maybe you value caring for others and using your empathy.
1-8. Look for patterns in your responses.
Once you have answered the questions, check to see if any patterns or moral principles have emerged. For example, perhaps you admire a friend who never speaks negatively about others, and you also felt very fulfilled when you had the chance to gossip about someone but you refrained from doing so.Or, perhaps you look up to someone who is devoutly religious; this likely suggests that you value such things as well and can help you to determine the type of code you want to live by.
2. Living with Integrity
2-1. Decide to change.
Look at how you ideally want to behave, based on the values you have identified, and how you currently behave and take steps to change your behavior to align your life more closely to what you believe living with integrity involves.
You can do this by actively seeking out opportunities to show your integrity, and also by trying to prioritize integrity change in your life and being aware of opportunities to behave how you want to in circumstances that happen upon you.
For example, say you want to be a more generous person. Do not sit around waiting for opportunities to be generous. The things you want in life may pass you by if you do not make active attempts to seek them out. You could, right now, research a worthy charitable organization and offer some of your time or money. You could go outside and give a few dollars to a homeless person for a warm meal, or you could pay it forward and pay for the person's movie ticket behind you.
2-2. Believe in yourself, and in change.
Tell yourself that you can make decisions that you want to make. They may be difficult and you may stumble, but you will also have more control over your behavior if you believe in yourself and believe that you can change and improve yourself.
To believe yourself, think about past successes that you have had. This will provide concrete evidence to you that you can succeed in being the kind of person you want to be, as you have done so in the past.
Also think about how you have changed for the better in some way and use that information to remind yourself that you can change in the future, too.
2-3. Foster your self-esteem.
Integrity and self-worth go hand in hand. Going against your integrity can damage your sense of self-worth, and having high self-worth can make you feel like you can live up to challenges and live with integrity by doing the difficult thing.
There are a number of ways to improve your self-esteem. Start by setting realistic expectations for yourself and allowing yourself to fall short sometimes. If you set your expectations for yourself too high, you will always fall short of the mark, and in your eyes you will be a 'failure' when the reality is probably very few people if any could accomplish the goals you set for yourself. You can also improve your self-esteem by being willing to change your self-image, that is, how you view yourself as a person. You can do this by adjusting your beliefs about yourself as you change.
For example, perhaps you were once actively involved in sports and part of your self-esteem came from your self-view as an athlete. However, times change and responsibilities in life can change our priorities such that we no longer have time for sports. Think instead on how you might define yourself today.
Rather than thinking of yourself as a 'washed up' or 'no good' athlete, think of yourself in a more positive light based on what you actively do at present. Maybe you are a great father or sibling, or a hard worker at your job. Incorporate that information into your self-view and you may find that your self-esteem improves, which might make living with integrity all the easier.
2-4. Be conscious of the decisions you make.
No matter how big or small, or how close they bring you to being the person you really want to become, be fully aware of the decisions you make and their implications.
Part of this involves being cognizant of the consequences of your decisions, both for yourself and others. Take an example where even a small decision has implications for one's integrity. Say you are eating dinner with friends and you want the last piece of pizza, but you can tell that your friend really wants it, too; you also know that he didn't have lunch that day. Think about the consequences of taking the last piece of pizza for yourself and your friend.
Your friend will be hungrier than if he had the last slice of pizza. If you knew your friend needed it more but you ate the last slice anyways, this may affect your sense of character. That is to say that, when you compromise your integrity, even in small ways, it can change your own and others' perception of the kind of person you are.
2-5. Place yourself in a facilitating environment.
It will be easier to live a life with integrity if you take steps to avoid spending your time in environments that can drag you down.
For example, if you have friends who do drugs and this violates your sense of integrity, consider removing yourself from that environment by finding new friends. You will be less likely to do drugs, and violate your integrity if your drug-using friends are not around!
2-6. Avoid succumbing to peer pressure.
Living with integrity means living by your code of ethics despite what others think. Do not give into others who try to get you to do things that you don't want to.
If someone tries to get you to do something that you do not want to do try reminding yourself that you alone have to live with the consequences of your behavior for the rest of your life.
2-7. Be polite.
Do not be rude in your interactions with others. Follow social norms like not burping at the table or playing loud music at night when others are trying to sleep. Do not talk about other people behind their backs.
2-8. Empathize.
Think about others from their perspectives. This can be difficult to do, but it will make you more likely to act in ways that are pro-social (i.e., in ways that will likely be aligned with your definition of integrity).
To empathize with another person, think about the situation that she is in. Ask yourself if you have ever been in that situation. If yes, imagine how you felt about it. Think about her particular circumstances and how they differ from yours, though, and how that may result in her having different feelings to the situation, compared to yours. If you have not been in the situation you are trying to empathize with, imagine how you might feel in that circumstance.
For example, if someone is homeless and asking for a dollar for food, think about how you would feel if you were hungry and cold and did not have a roof over your head.
Tips
You'll probably feel your self-confidence and personal strength growing as you face and overcome challenges in sticking to your values, whatever they may be.
Don't think about what the world can offer you, think about what you can offer the world.
Consult the life and work of Victor Frankl, a survivor of the concentration camps during WWII, best summarized by this quotation:"We who lived in concentration camps can remember the men who walked through the huts comforting others, giving away their last piece of bread. They may have been few, but they offer sufficient proof that everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of human freedoms - to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances - to choose one's own way."
Warnings
Beware of people who'll try to convince you to give up on your character or integrity. Individuals like this might try to tell you that nobody's perfect; he may taunt you for being an idealist. Keep in mind the fact that just because nobody's perfect doesn't mean you have to violate what you believe is right. It's good to learn from our mistakes, but we don't always need to make mistakes to learn. Remember that striving to be perfect and being perfect are two different ideas; the former is integrity, the latter is futility.
Your character is unique so do not try to match it exactly with anyone else. Build it based on your own aptitude and your own strengths. Self-assessment, self-evaluation, and introspection work well to figure out how you are unique.
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"create_time": "20230517 10:59:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Getting a Sense of Character\\n1-1. Understand what character and integrity are.\\nThe definitions of these words are often stretched or misrepresented. Learn what they truly mean:\\nIn this use, character is the sum of qualities shown up in a person or group, moral or ethical strength, and the description of a person's attributes, traits, and abilities. Character is who you are. It defines you and guides your actions, hopefully in a positive way.\\nIntegrity is steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code, being unimpaired, sound, whole and undivided.\\nIntegrity can be summed up simply as doing the right thing for the right reason even when no one is watching.\\n1-2. Learn about different codes of ethics.\\nSome people turn to the ethics of a particular religion for their moral principles, others turn to moral philosophy, or develop their own sets of ethics based on their own experiences.\\nTwo main codes of moral conduct are utilitarianism (or consequentialism) and deontology. Utilitarianism refers to the idea of maximizing the greatest good.\\nFor example, a utilitarian may not think it is wrong to do property damage if it meant helping chimpanzees who were being experimented on unethically.\\nIn contrast, a deontological view holds that some things are just plain wrong, regardless of the ultimate consequences. Someone with this view may view property damage as wrong, no matter what.\\nYou do not need to adhere to one set of principles from one source; as you get a sense of what feels right and wrong for you, in any given circumstance, you can adjust your sense of right and wrong accordingly.\\n1-3. Examine your past.\\nLook at the choices you have made before, and observe how much you have or have not lived by those principles.\\nHowever, don't waste time feeling regretful or guilty. Think about your mistakes, acknowledge them, and do your best to change for the future.\\n1-4. Look up to others.\\nThere is no need to start from scratch when deciding how to live with integrity. Take note of people who have come before you, both in your own personal life, as well as known figures from history who have lived a life full of integrity. You may find that looking up to others motivates you to live with integrity, yourself.\\nIf there is someone in your life who is a moral exemplar, set up a meeting to talk together. Ask about how to manage life your way. Specifically, you might ask questions on how to maintain a great attitude. What does he/she say about feelings of receding (withdrawing), giving in and compromising values and not holding facts higher than anyone's self-serving opinion?\\nDo not emulate others. Keep in mind that you are a unique individual with a unique life, and you should not try to emulate anyone else's personality or character; instead, learn from others' character and apply what rings truest for you.\\n1-5. Be persistent but patient with yourself and others.\\nYou have embarked on a lifelong journey and there are many hurdles. Give yourself credit when you act with integrity, and acknowledge when you don't, but don't give up on your goals and purposes when you slip or fail. Just as you probably forgive others over time for their mistakes, don't forget to also forgive yourself.\\n1-6. Decide on your code.\\nChoose a set of rules, morals, or principles that you believe will lead to a happy, satisfying, and righteous life, and to a better world.\\nBe willing to update your code as you gain more experience in life. It is ok to adjust your sense of right and wrong and your moral reasoning. Most people change how they think about right and wrong across their development. \\nThe code you live by will depend on what your values are.\\n1-7. Determine your values.\\nTo figure out the type of broad moral code that you want to live by, it is time to think about what values are important to you. You may be aided in figuring out your values by asking yourself some questions:\\nThink of two people that you admire highly. What is it that you admire about them? Is it the fact that they are always honest, even when it makes them look bad to be so? Is it that fact that they are generous with their time? What do they do that you find inspiring?\\nIf you could change just one thing in your local community (or your country), what would you change? Why is that important to change, and more so than other things you might have picked? For example, would you make some part of your community more fair? Would you want people to respect their country more?\\nThink about a time or moment in your life when you felt very satisfied or fulfilled. What was happening at that time or in that moment? Why do you think that you felt that way?\\nWhat global issues get you the most excited or the most upset? Why do you think they affect you in that way? Is it space exploration that excites you? If so, maybe you value improving humanity through science. Is it reading about starvation that makes you the most upset? If so, maybe you value caring for others and using your empathy.\\n1-8. Look for patterns in your responses.\\nOnce you have answered the questions, check to see if any patterns or moral principles have emerged. For example, perhaps you admire a friend who never speaks negatively about others, and you also felt very fulfilled when you had the chance to gossip about someone but you refrained from doing so.Or, perhaps you look up to someone who is devoutly religious; this likely suggests that you value such things as well and can help you to determine the type of code you want to live by.\\n2. Living with Integrity\\n2-1. Decide to change.\\nLook at how you ideally want to behave, based on the values you have identified, and how you currently behave and take steps to change your behavior to align your life more closely to what you believe living with integrity involves.\\nYou can do this by actively seeking out opportunities to show your integrity, and also by trying to prioritize integrity change in your life and being aware of opportunities to behave how you want to in circumstances that happen upon you.\\nFor example, say you want to be a more generous person. Do not sit around waiting for opportunities to be generous. The things you want in life may pass you by if you do not make active attempts to seek them out. You could, right now, research a worthy charitable organization and offer some of your time or money. You could go outside and give a few dollars to a homeless person for a warm meal, or you could pay it forward and pay for the person's movie ticket behind you.\\n2-2. Believe in yourself, and in change.\\nTell yourself that you can make decisions that you want to make. They may be difficult and you may stumble, but you will also have more control over your behavior if you believe in yourself and believe that you can change and improve yourself. \\nTo believe yourself, think about past successes that you have had. This will provide concrete evidence to you that you can succeed in being the kind of person you want to be, as you have done so in the past.\\nAlso think about how you have changed for the better in some way and use that information to remind yourself that you can change in the future, too.\\n2-3. Foster your self-esteem.\\nIntegrity and self-worth go hand in hand. Going against your integrity can damage your sense of self-worth, and having high self-worth can make you feel like you can live up to challenges and live with integrity by doing the difficult thing. \\nThere are a number of ways to improve your self-esteem. Start by setting realistic expectations for yourself and allowing yourself to fall short sometimes. If you set your expectations for yourself too high, you will always fall short of the mark, and in your eyes you will be a 'failure' when the reality is probably very few people if any could accomplish the goals you set for yourself. You can also improve your self-esteem by being willing to change your self-image, that is, how you view yourself as a person. You can do this by adjusting your beliefs about yourself as you change.\\nFor example, perhaps you were once actively involved in sports and part of your self-esteem came from your self-view as an athlete. However, times change and responsibilities in life can change our priorities such that we no longer have time for sports. Think instead on how you might define yourself today.\\nRather than thinking of yourself as a 'washed up' or 'no good' athlete, think of yourself in a more positive light based on what you actively do at present. Maybe you are a great father or sibling, or a hard worker at your job. Incorporate that information into your self-view and you may find that your self-esteem improves, which might make living with integrity all the easier.\\n2-4. Be conscious of the decisions you make.\\nNo matter how big or small, or how close they bring you to being the person you really want to become, be fully aware of the decisions you make and their implications.\\nPart of this involves being cognizant of the consequences of your decisions, both for yourself and others. Take an example where even a small decision has implications for one's integrity. Say you are eating dinner with friends and you want the last piece of pizza, but you can tell that your friend really wants it, too; you also know that he didn't have lunch that day. Think about the consequences of taking the last piece of pizza for yourself and your friend.\\nYour friend will be hungrier than if he had the last slice of pizza. If you knew your friend needed it more but you ate the last slice anyways, this may affect your sense of character. That is to say that, when you compromise your integrity, even in small ways, it can change your own and others' perception of the kind of person you are.\\n2-5. Place yourself in a facilitating environment.\\nIt will be easier to live a life with integrity if you take steps to avoid spending your time in environments that can drag you down.\\nFor example, if you have friends who do drugs and this violates your sense of integrity, consider removing yourself from that environment by finding new friends. You will be less likely to do drugs, and violate your integrity if your drug-using friends are not around!\\n2-6. Avoid succumbing to peer pressure.\\nLiving with integrity means living by your code of ethics despite what others think. Do not give into others who try to get you to do things that you don't want to. \\nIf someone tries to get you to do something that you do not want to do try reminding yourself that you alone have to live with the consequences of your behavior for the rest of your life.\\n2-7. Be polite.\\nDo not be rude in your interactions with others. Follow social norms like not burping at the table or playing loud music at night when others are trying to sleep. Do not talk about other people behind their backs.\\n2-8. Empathize.\\nThink about others from their perspectives. This can be difficult to do, but it will make you more likely to act in ways that are pro-social (i.e., in ways that will likely be aligned with your definition of integrity).\\nTo empathize with another person, think about the situation that she is in. Ask yourself if you have ever been in that situation. If yes, imagine how you felt about it. Think about her particular circumstances and how they differ from yours, though, and how that may result in her having different feelings to the situation, compared to yours. If you have not been in the situation you are trying to empathize with, imagine how you might feel in that circumstance.\\nFor example, if someone is homeless and asking for a dollar for food, think about how you would feel if you were hungry and cold and did not have a roof over your head.\\nTips\\nYou'll probably feel your self-confidence and personal strength growing as you face and overcome challenges in sticking to your values, whatever they may be.\\nDon't think about what the world can offer you, think about what you can offer the world.\\nConsult the life and work of Victor Frankl, a survivor of the concentration camps during WWII, best summarized by this quotation:\\\"We who lived in concentration camps can remember the men who walked through the huts comforting others, giving away their last piece of bread. They may have been few, but they offer sufficient proof that everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of human freedoms - to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances - to choose one's own way.\\\"\\nWarnings\\nBeware of people who'll try to convince you to give up on your character or integrity. Individuals like this might try to tell you that nobody's perfect; he may taunt you for being an idealist. Keep in mind the fact that just because nobody's perfect doesn't mean you have to violate what you believe is right. It's good to learn from our mistakes, but we don't always need to make mistakes to learn. Remember that striving to be perfect and being perfect are two different ideas; the former is integrity, the latter is futility.\\nYour character is unique so do not try to match it exactly with anyone else. Build it based on your own aptitude and your own strengths. Self-assessment, self-evaluation, and introspection work well to figure out how you are unique.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"The wonderful thing about character and integrity, which are intimately related, is that they are one of the few things in life that no one will ever be able to forcefully take away from you. Your choices are your own. Even if someone can take your life, they cannot force you to make a choice that you believe is wrong. The actions below cannot be done all at once, nor should they be. Each of them takes time to fully understand and apply towards your life. Learn about your own virtues and values, and how they correspond to your life and the world around you.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Getting a Sense of Character\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Understand what character and integrity are.\", \"描述\": \"The definitions of these words are often stretched or misrepresented. Learn what they truly mean:\\nIn this use, character is the sum of qualities shown up in a person or group, moral or ethical strength, and the description of a person's attributes, traits, and abilities. Character is who you are. It defines you and guides your actions, hopefully in a positive way.\\nIntegrity is steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code, being unimpaired, sound, whole and undivided.\\nIntegrity can be summed up simply as doing the right thing for the right reason even when no one is watching.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Learn about different codes of ethics.\", \"描述\": \"Some people turn to the ethics of a particular religion for their moral principles, others turn to moral philosophy, or develop their own sets of ethics based on their own experiences.\\nTwo main codes of moral conduct are utilitarianism (or consequentialism) and deontology. Utilitarianism refers to the idea of maximizing the greatest good.\\nFor example, a utilitarian may not think it is wrong to do property damage if it meant helping chimpanzees who were being experimented on unethically.\\nIn contrast, a deontological view holds that some things are just plain wrong, regardless of the ultimate consequences. Someone with this view may view property damage as wrong, no matter what.\\nYou do not need to adhere to one set of principles from one source; as you get a sense of what feels right and wrong for you, in any given circumstance, you can adjust your sense of right and wrong accordingly.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Examine your past.\", \"描述\": \"Look at the choices you have made before, and observe how much you have or have not lived by those principles.\\nHowever, don't waste time feeling regretful or guilty. Think about your mistakes, acknowledge them, and do your best to change for the future.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Look up to others.\", \"描述\": \"There is no need to start from scratch when deciding how to live with integrity. Take note of people who have come before you, both in your own personal life, as well as known figures from history who have lived a life full of integrity. You may find that looking up to others motivates you to live with integrity, yourself.\\nIf there is someone in your life who is a moral exemplar, set up a meeting to talk together. Ask about how to manage life your way. Specifically, you might ask questions on how to maintain a great attitude. What does he/she say about feelings of receding (withdrawing), giving in and compromising values and not holding facts higher than anyone's self-serving opinion?\\nDo not emulate others. Keep in mind that you are a unique individual with a unique life, and you should not try to emulate anyone else's personality or character; instead, learn from others' character and apply what rings truest for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Be persistent but patient with yourself and others.\", \"描述\": \"You have embarked on a lifelong journey and there are many hurdles. Give yourself credit when you act with integrity, and acknowledge when you don't, but don't give up on your goals and purposes when you slip or fail. Just as you probably forgive others over time for their mistakes, don't forget to also forgive yourself.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Decide on your code.\", \"描述\": \"Choose a set of rules, morals, or principles that you believe will lead to a happy, satisfying, and righteous life, and to a better world.\\nBe willing to update your code as you gain more experience in life. It is ok to adjust your sense of right and wrong and your moral reasoning. Most people change how they think about right and wrong across their development. \\nThe code you live by will depend on what your values are.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Determine your values.\", \"描述\": \"To figure out the type of broad moral code that you want to live by, it is time to think about what values are important to you. You may be aided in figuring out your values by asking yourself some questions:\\nThink of two people that you admire highly. What is it that you admire about them? Is it the fact that they are always honest, even when it makes them look bad to be so? Is it that fact that they are generous with their time? What do they do that you find inspiring?\\nIf you could change just one thing in your local community (or your country), what would you change? Why is that important to change, and more so than other things you might have picked? For example, would you make some part of your community more fair? Would you want people to respect their country more?\\nThink about a time or moment in your life when you felt very satisfied or fulfilled. What was happening at that time or in that moment? Why do you think that you felt that way?\\nWhat global issues get you the most excited or the most upset? Why do you think they affect you in that way? Is it space exploration that excites you? If so, maybe you value improving humanity through science. Is it reading about starvation that makes you the most upset? If so, maybe you value caring for others and using your empathy.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Look for patterns in your responses.\", \"描述\": \"Once you have answered the questions, check to see if any patterns or moral principles have emerged. For example, perhaps you admire a friend who never speaks negatively about others, and you also felt very fulfilled when you had the chance to gossip about someone but you refrained from doing so.Or, perhaps you look up to someone who is devoutly religious; this likely suggests that you value such things as well and can help you to determine the type of code you want to live by.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Living with Integrity\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide to change.\", \"描述\": \"Look at how you ideally want to behave, based on the values you have identified, and how you currently behave and take steps to change your behavior to align your life more closely to what you believe living with integrity involves.\\nYou can do this by actively seeking out opportunities to show your integrity, and also by trying to prioritize integrity change in your life and being aware of opportunities to behave how you want to in circumstances that happen upon you.\\nFor example, say you want to be a more generous person. Do not sit around waiting for opportunities to be generous. The things you want in life may pass you by if you do not make active attempts to seek them out. You could, right now, research a worthy charitable organization and offer some of your time or money. You could go outside and give a few dollars to a homeless person for a warm meal, or you could pay it forward and pay for the person's movie ticket behind you.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Believe in yourself, and in change.\", \"描述\": \"Tell yourself that you can make decisions that you want to make. They may be difficult and you may stumble, but you will also have more control over your behavior if you believe in yourself and believe that you can change and improve yourself. \\nTo believe yourself, think about past successes that you have had. This will provide concrete evidence to you that you can succeed in being the kind of person you want to be, as you have done so in the past.\\nAlso think about how you have changed for the better in some way and use that information to remind yourself that you can change in the future, too.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Foster your self-esteem.\", \"描述\": \"Integrity and self-worth go hand in hand. Going against your integrity can damage your sense of self-worth, and having high self-worth can make you feel like you can live up to challenges and live with integrity by doing the difficult thing. \\nThere are a number of ways to improve your self-esteem. Start by setting realistic expectations for yourself and allowing yourself to fall short sometimes. If you set your expectations for yourself too high, you will always fall short of the mark, and in your eyes you will be a 'failure' when the reality is probably very few people if any could accomplish the goals you set for yourself. You can also improve your self-esteem by being willing to change your self-image, that is, how you view yourself as a person. You can do this by adjusting your beliefs about yourself as you change.\\nFor example, perhaps you were once actively involved in sports and part of your self-esteem came from your self-view as an athlete. However, times change and responsibilities in life can change our priorities such that we no longer have time for sports. Think instead on how you might define yourself today.\\nRather than thinking of yourself as a 'washed up' or 'no good' athlete, think of yourself in a more positive light based on what you actively do at present. Maybe you are a great father or sibling, or a hard worker at your job. Incorporate that information into your self-view and you may find that your self-esteem improves, which might make living with integrity all the easier.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be conscious of the decisions you make.\", \"描述\": \"No matter how big or small, or how close they bring you to being the person you really want to become, be fully aware of the decisions you make and their implications.\\nPart of this involves being cognizant of the consequences of your decisions, both for yourself and others. Take an example where even a small decision has implications for one's integrity. Say you are eating dinner with friends and you want the last piece of pizza, but you can tell that your friend really wants it, too; you also know that he didn't have lunch that day. Think about the consequences of taking the last piece of pizza for yourself and your friend.\\nYour friend will be hungrier than if he had the last slice of pizza. If you knew your friend needed it more but you ate the last slice anyways, this may affect your sense of character. That is to say that, when you compromise your integrity, even in small ways, it can change your own and others' perception of the kind of person you are.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Place yourself in a facilitating environment.\", \"描述\": \"It will be easier to live a life with integrity if you take steps to avoid spending your time in environments that can drag you down.\\nFor example, if you have friends who do drugs and this violates your sense of integrity, consider removing yourself from that environment by finding new friends. You will be less likely to do drugs, and violate your integrity if your drug-using friends are not around!\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Avoid succumbing to peer pressure.\", \"描述\": \"Living with integrity means living by your code of ethics despite what others think. Do not give into others who try to get you to do things that you don't want to. \\nIf someone tries to get you to do something that you do not want to do try reminding yourself that you alone have to live with the consequences of your behavior for the rest of your life.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Be polite.\", \"描述\": \"Do not be rude in your interactions with others. Follow social norms like not burping at the table or playing loud music at night when others are trying to sleep. Do not talk about other people behind their backs.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Empathize.\", \"描述\": \"Think about others from their perspectives. This can be difficult to do, but it will make you more likely to act in ways that are pro-social (i.e., in ways that will likely be aligned with your definition of integrity).\\nTo empathize with another person, think about the situation that she is in. Ask yourself if you have ever been in that situation. If yes, imagine how you felt about it. Think about her particular circumstances and how they differ from yours, though, and how that may result in her having different feelings to the situation, compared to yours. If you have not been in the situation you are trying to empathize with, imagine how you might feel in that circumstance.\\nFor example, if someone is homeless and asking for a dollar for food, think about how you would feel if you were hungry and cold and did not have a roof over your head.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You'll probably feel your self-confidence and personal strength growing as you face and overcome challenges in sticking to your values, whatever they may be.\\n\", \"Don't think about what the world can offer you, think about what you can offer the world.\\n\", \"Consult the life and work of Victor Frankl, a survivor of the concentration camps during WWII, best summarized by this quotation:\\\"We who lived in concentration camps can remember the men who walked through the huts comforting others, giving away their last piece of bread. They may have been few, but they offer sufficient proof that everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of human freedoms - to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances - to choose one's own way.\\\"\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Beware of people who'll try to convince you to give up on your character or integrity. Individuals like this might try to tell you that nobody's perfect; he may taunt you for being an idealist. Keep in mind the fact that just because nobody's perfect doesn't mean you have to violate what you believe is right. It's good to learn from our mistakes, but we don't always need to make mistakes to learn. Remember that striving to be perfect and being perfect are two different ideas; the former is integrity, the latter is futility.\\n\", \"Your character is unique so do not try to match it exactly with anyone else. Build it based on your own aptitude and your own strengths. Self-assessment, self-evaluation, and introspection work well to figure out how you are unique.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
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wikihow
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7,100 |
How to Build Chemistry in a Relationship (What to Do When There's No Chemistry)
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1. Hold hands.
Holding hands is a simple way to build intimacy.
The next time you’re walking with your partner, or even just sitting on the couch, grab their hand. Link your fingers together, and build your emotional closeness by being physically close.
Holding hands is even good for your health: studies have shown that holding hands can reduce anxiety. When you hold someone’s hand, your heart rates and breathing begin to synchronize, which creates feelings of comfort.
You can also build chemistry and intimacy in your relationship by using other forms of physical touch. Try giving your partner a light back or shoulder rub. This doesn’t have to lead to sex—you can just enjoy feeling your partner’s body.
2. Share secrets.
Tell your partner something you’ve never told them before.
Then, ask for them to do the same for you. Sharing something vulnerable about yourself brings you closer emotionally and adds surprise to your relationship, which is a crucial part of building chemistry.
This isn’t the time to share secrets that could hurt your partner’s feelings. Don’t tell them that you hated the birthday gift they got for you, unless you know they’ll be light-hearted about it. Keep your secrets focused on stories about you that they don’t already know.
If you’re struggling to come up with something to tell your partner, think about a memory you might have from the time before you knew them. You might say something like, “I once did something terrible as a child, and I still think about it sometimes.”
3. Change up your sex routine.
Look at sex as a way to get to know your partner better.
Think of sex as being about exploration, and learning what new things your partner and you might enjoy. Be curious about your partner’s desires, and try experimenting with new locations or times for sex.
If you haven’t been having sex, try regularly scheduling it for a night when you both feel unstressed. You can build up tension that way, which can be a great way of adding a spark to your sex life.
If you’ve only been having sex in your bedroom, try renting a hotel room for the night, or driving down to a new place.
You can open up a conversation with your partner about this by saying something like, “Tell me about what kinds of things you have sexual fantasies about. I want to explore them with you.”
4. Go back to the place you first met.
A trip down memory lane can reignite your feelings.
Visit the place your relationship started, and while there, talk about how you felt that day to bring these feelings back to life.
You don’t necessarily have to visit the very first place you met if it’s inconvenient (no need to head back to your college classroom), but take a trip with your partner to a location where you share happy memories of being together.
You might take a trip to the restaurant you shared your first meal at, or you could even rewatch a movie that you saw together early in your relationship.
If you want to bring up this idea with your partner, you can say something like, “I’ve been thinking a lot about that day we spent at the beach. Maybe we could go again this weekend?”
5. Do something exciting.
Instead of revisiting the past, try something new.
Doing something exciting can drive up your adrenaline levels, and bring you closer to your partner. You might try watching a scary movie together, eating at a new place, or even something more adventurous, like going rock climbing.
It’s alright to be a little nervous before doing something new. In fact, it can actually be good! The anxiety you might feel before, say, getting on a huge rollercoaster can be channeled into a feeling of security and chemistry with your partner.
You can bring this up with your partner by telling them something like, “I’ve always hated haunted houses, but I think I’d like them more if I went with you.” They’ll enjoy the trust you’re placing in them.
6. Head outdoors.
Feeling cooped up all the time can kill the chemistry in a relationship.
By going outdoors with your partner, you can put yourselves back into the wider world, which can bring you closer together. Remember that every spark needs fresh air to catch fire—literally!
Exercise can be an even better way of reducing stress and increasing positive feelings of connection with your partner. Ask them if they want to take a bike ride with you, or go on a quick jog.
7. Take 5 minutes every day to debrief.
Rituals can bring back chemistry, and keep your relationship strong.
Set aside 5 minutes every night to talk about your days with each other, and make sure you don’t skip it. Eventually, you might find yourself looking forward to these moments, and enjoying the trust you share with your partner.
Studies have shown that open communication is the key to chemistry. Finding ways to make sure you and your partner have time to talk about anything that’s on your mind will bring you closer together.
You can bring this up with your partner by saying something like, “I know we’re both busy, but let’s start taking some time every night to talk for a little.”
8. Look into each other’s eyes.
Take two minutes out of your day to look into your partner’s eyes.
Try not to speak, and just have you and your partner look at each other without breaking eye contact. This is a powerful exercise, one that gives you time to think about what drew you together in the first place.
You might end up feeling a lot of emotions doing this—laughter, sadness, or even sexual attraction. Talk to your partner about what came up for you afterward, and have them share their feelings as well.
If you’re not sure how to bring up doing this activity with your partner, say something like, “Hey, I’ve been reading about this thing online, and I want to try it with you.” More likely than not, you’ll pique their curiosity.
9. Thank your partner for the things they do.
A little gratitude in a relationship goes a long way.
Sometimes, when we’re close to someone, we begin to expect them to do things for us, and forget to acknowledge those things verbally. Saying thank you more often will make your partner feel more appreciated, which is a key part of chemistry.
It’s never too late to show some appreciation. Saying something like, “I didn’t mention this to you before, but I really appreciated you making dinner last week, even though you had so much stress,” can be a pleasant surprise for your partner.
10. Surprise your partner with a gift.
A meaningful gift is worth more than its price.
Bringing your partner something that they wouldn’t expect, especially when it isn’t their birthday or another special occasion, can add surprise and chemistry to your relationship.
The gift doesn’t need to be expensive, but it should be meaningful, and you can only find out what is meaningful to your partner by listening to them.
Pay attention when your partner says that they like or wish they could have certain things. For instance, if your partner says something like, “Those flowers are really beautiful,” while you’re outside together, it could be a wonderful gift to find out what they are and bring some for them later.
11. Wait for the chemistry to come.
Don’t worry too much about the spark.
Good relationships aren’t always constantly thrilling, but they’re worth so much more than this. If you’re feeling like your relationship is lacking excitement, know that all relationships go through these phases. So try to remain patient, and enjoy all of the good parts of being with your partner.
On the other hand, having no chemistry with your partner for a long period of time might mean it’s time to call things off. If the thought of sex interests you, but the thought of sex with your partner specifically is a turn-off, you might want to consider finding another relationship.
Remember that every relationship is different, and you’ll have to judge for yourself how long is long enough without chemistry. Trust yourself!
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Hold hands.\\nHolding hands is a simple way to build intimacy.\\nThe next time you’re walking with your partner, or even just sitting on the couch, grab their hand. Link your fingers together, and build your emotional closeness by being physically close.\\nHolding hands is even good for your health: studies have shown that holding hands can reduce anxiety. When you hold someone’s hand, your heart rates and breathing begin to synchronize, which creates feelings of comfort.\\nYou can also build chemistry and intimacy in your relationship by using other forms of physical touch. Try giving your partner a light back or shoulder rub. This doesn’t have to lead to sex—you can just enjoy feeling your partner’s body.\\n2. Share secrets.\\nTell your partner something you’ve never told them before.\\nThen, ask for them to do the same for you. Sharing something vulnerable about yourself brings you closer emotionally and adds surprise to your relationship, which is a crucial part of building chemistry.\\nThis isn’t the time to share secrets that could hurt your partner’s feelings. Don’t tell them that you hated the birthday gift they got for you, unless you know they’ll be light-hearted about it. Keep your secrets focused on stories about you that they don’t already know.\\nIf you’re struggling to come up with something to tell your partner, think about a memory you might have from the time before you knew them. You might say something like, “I once did something terrible as a child, and I still think about it sometimes.”\\n3. Change up your sex routine.\\nLook at sex as a way to get to know your partner better.\\nThink of sex as being about exploration, and learning what new things your partner and you might enjoy. Be curious about your partner’s desires, and try experimenting with new locations or times for sex.\\nIf you haven’t been having sex, try regularly scheduling it for a night when you both feel unstressed. You can build up tension that way, which can be a great way of adding a spark to your sex life.\\nIf you’ve only been having sex in your bedroom, try renting a hotel room for the night, or driving down to a new place.\\nYou can open up a conversation with your partner about this by saying something like, “Tell me about what kinds of things you have sexual fantasies about. I want to explore them with you.”\\n4. Go back to the place you first met.\\nA trip down memory lane can reignite your feelings.\\nVisit the place your relationship started, and while there, talk about how you felt that day to bring these feelings back to life.\\nYou don’t necessarily have to visit the very first place you met if it’s inconvenient (no need to head back to your college classroom), but take a trip with your partner to a location where you share happy memories of being together.\\nYou might take a trip to the restaurant you shared your first meal at, or you could even rewatch a movie that you saw together early in your relationship.\\nIf you want to bring up this idea with your partner, you can say something like, “I’ve been thinking a lot about that day we spent at the beach. Maybe we could go again this weekend?”\\n5. Do something exciting.\\nInstead of revisiting the past, try something new.\\nDoing something exciting can drive up your adrenaline levels, and bring you closer to your partner. You might try watching a scary movie together, eating at a new place, or even something more adventurous, like going rock climbing.\\nIt’s alright to be a little nervous before doing something new. In fact, it can actually be good! The anxiety you might feel before, say, getting on a huge rollercoaster can be channeled into a feeling of security and chemistry with your partner.\\nYou can bring this up with your partner by telling them something like, “I’ve always hated haunted houses, but I think I’d like them more if I went with you.” They’ll enjoy the trust you’re placing in them.\\n6. Head outdoors.\\nFeeling cooped up all the time can kill the chemistry in a relationship.\\nBy going outdoors with your partner, you can put yourselves back into the wider world, which can bring you closer together. Remember that every spark needs fresh air to catch fire—literally!\\nExercise can be an even better way of reducing stress and increasing positive feelings of connection with your partner. Ask them if they want to take a bike ride with you, or go on a quick jog.\\n7. Take 5 minutes every day to debrief.\\nRituals can bring back chemistry, and keep your relationship strong.\\nSet aside 5 minutes every night to talk about your days with each other, and make sure you don’t skip it. Eventually, you might find yourself looking forward to these moments, and enjoying the trust you share with your partner.\\nStudies have shown that open communication is the key to chemistry. Finding ways to make sure you and your partner have time to talk about anything that’s on your mind will bring you closer together.\\nYou can bring this up with your partner by saying something like, “I know we’re both busy, but let’s start taking some time every night to talk for a little.”\\n8. Look into each other’s eyes.\\nTake two minutes out of your day to look into your partner’s eyes.\\nTry not to speak, and just have you and your partner look at each other without breaking eye contact. This is a powerful exercise, one that gives you time to think about what drew you together in the first place.\\nYou might end up feeling a lot of emotions doing this—laughter, sadness, or even sexual attraction. Talk to your partner about what came up for you afterward, and have them share their feelings as well.\\nIf you’re not sure how to bring up doing this activity with your partner, say something like, “Hey, I’ve been reading about this thing online, and I want to try it with you.” More likely than not, you’ll pique their curiosity.\\n9. Thank your partner for the things they do.\\nA little gratitude in a relationship goes a long way.\\nSometimes, when we’re close to someone, we begin to expect them to do things for us, and forget to acknowledge those things verbally. Saying thank you more often will make your partner feel more appreciated, which is a key part of chemistry.\\nIt’s never too late to show some appreciation. Saying something like, “I didn’t mention this to you before, but I really appreciated you making dinner last week, even though you had so much stress,” can be a pleasant surprise for your partner.\\n10. Surprise your partner with a gift.\\nA meaningful gift is worth more than its price.\\nBringing your partner something that they wouldn’t expect, especially when it isn’t their birthday or another special occasion, can add surprise and chemistry to your relationship.\\nThe gift doesn’t need to be expensive, but it should be meaningful, and you can only find out what is meaningful to your partner by listening to them.\\nPay attention when your partner says that they like or wish they could have certain things. For instance, if your partner says something like, “Those flowers are really beautiful,” while you’re outside together, it could be a wonderful gift to find out what they are and bring some for them later.\\n11. Wait for the chemistry to come.\\nDon’t worry too much about the spark.\\nGood relationships aren’t always constantly thrilling, but they’re worth so much more than this. If you’re feeling like your relationship is lacking excitement, know that all relationships go through these phases. So try to remain patient, and enjoy all of the good parts of being with your partner.\\nOn the other hand, having no chemistry with your partner for a long period of time might mean it’s time to call things off. If the thought of sex interests you, but the thought of sex with your partner specifically is a turn-off, you might want to consider finding another relationship.\\nRemember that every relationship is different, and you’ll have to judge for yourself how long is long enough without chemistry. Trust yourself!\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you’ve been feeling like you’re missing that spark between you and your partner, you’re not alone. It’s normal not to feel in love all the time, but a lack of chemistry could look like a few things: you might find yourself not wanting to give or receive affection, or maybe you aren’t communicating with your partner as much as you’d like. Whether you’re trying to get back to the same chemistry you once had with your partner, or you’re looking for ways to create it, there are plenty of ways to light that spark. We’re here to help by bringing you 11 tips for building chemistry in your relationship.This article is based on an interview with our licensed clinical psychologist, Chloe Carmichael, PhD. Check out the full interview here.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Hold hands.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Holding hands is a simple way to build intimacy.\", \"描述\": \"The next time you’re walking with your partner, or even just sitting on the couch, grab their hand. Link your fingers together, and build your emotional closeness by being physically close.\\nHolding hands is even good for your health: studies have shown that holding hands can reduce anxiety. When you hold someone’s hand, your heart rates and breathing begin to synchronize, which creates feelings of comfort.\\nYou can also build chemistry and intimacy in your relationship by using other forms of physical touch. Try giving your partner a light back or shoulder rub. This doesn’t have to lead to sex—you can just enjoy feeling your partner’s body.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Share secrets.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Tell your partner something you’ve never told them before.\", \"描述\": \"Then, ask for them to do the same for you. Sharing something vulnerable about yourself brings you closer emotionally and adds surprise to your relationship, which is a crucial part of building chemistry.\\nThis isn’t the time to share secrets that could hurt your partner’s feelings. Don’t tell them that you hated the birthday gift they got for you, unless you know they’ll be light-hearted about it. Keep your secrets focused on stories about you that they don’t already know.\\nIf you’re struggling to come up with something to tell your partner, think about a memory you might have from the time before you knew them. You might say something like, “I once did something terrible as a child, and I still think about it sometimes.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Change up your sex routine.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look at sex as a way to get to know your partner better.\", \"描述\": \"Think of sex as being about exploration, and learning what new things your partner and you might enjoy. Be curious about your partner’s desires, and try experimenting with new locations or times for sex.\\nIf you haven’t been having sex, try regularly scheduling it for a night when you both feel unstressed. You can build up tension that way, which can be a great way of adding a spark to your sex life.\\nIf you’ve only been having sex in your bedroom, try renting a hotel room for the night, or driving down to a new place.\\nYou can open up a conversation with your partner about this by saying something like, “Tell me about what kinds of things you have sexual fantasies about. I want to explore them with you.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Go back to the place you first met.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A trip down memory lane can reignite your feelings.\", \"描述\": \"Visit the place your relationship started, and while there, talk about how you felt that day to bring these feelings back to life.\\nYou don’t necessarily have to visit the very first place you met if it’s inconvenient (no need to head back to your college classroom), but take a trip with your partner to a location where you share happy memories of being together.\\nYou might take a trip to the restaurant you shared your first meal at, or you could even rewatch a movie that you saw together early in your relationship.\\nIf you want to bring up this idea with your partner, you can say something like, “I’ve been thinking a lot about that day we spent at the beach. Maybe we could go again this weekend?”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do something exciting.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Instead of revisiting the past, try something new.\", \"描述\": \"Doing something exciting can drive up your adrenaline levels, and bring you closer to your partner. You might try watching a scary movie together, eating at a new place, or even something more adventurous, like going rock climbing.\\nIt’s alright to be a little nervous before doing something new. In fact, it can actually be good! The anxiety you might feel before, say, getting on a huge rollercoaster can be channeled into a feeling of security and chemistry with your partner.\\nYou can bring this up with your partner by telling them something like, “I’ve always hated haunted houses, but I think I’d like them more if I went with you.” They’ll enjoy the trust you’re placing in them.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Head outdoors.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Feeling cooped up all the time can kill the chemistry in a relationship.\", \"描述\": \"By going outdoors with your partner, you can put yourselves back into the wider world, which can bring you closer together. Remember that every spark needs fresh air to catch fire—literally!\\nExercise can be an even better way of reducing stress and increasing positive feelings of connection with your partner. Ask them if they want to take a bike ride with you, or go on a quick jog.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Take 5 minutes every day to debrief.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Rituals can bring back chemistry, and keep your relationship strong.\", \"描述\": \"Set aside 5 minutes every night to talk about your days with each other, and make sure you don’t skip it. Eventually, you might find yourself looking forward to these moments, and enjoying the trust you share with your partner.\\nStudies have shown that open communication is the key to chemistry. Finding ways to make sure you and your partner have time to talk about anything that’s on your mind will bring you closer together.\\nYou can bring this up with your partner by saying something like, “I know we’re both busy, but let’s start taking some time every night to talk for a little.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Look into each other’s eyes.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Take two minutes out of your day to look into your partner’s eyes.\", \"描述\": \"Try not to speak, and just have you and your partner look at each other without breaking eye contact. This is a powerful exercise, one that gives you time to think about what drew you together in the first place.\\nYou might end up feeling a lot of emotions doing this—laughter, sadness, or even sexual attraction. Talk to your partner about what came up for you afterward, and have them share their feelings as well.\\nIf you’re not sure how to bring up doing this activity with your partner, say something like, “Hey, I’ve been reading about this thing online, and I want to try it with you.” More likely than not, you’ll pique their curiosity.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Thank your partner for the things they do.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A little gratitude in a relationship goes a long way.\", \"描述\": \"Sometimes, when we’re close to someone, we begin to expect them to do things for us, and forget to acknowledge those things verbally. Saying thank you more often will make your partner feel more appreciated, which is a key part of chemistry.\\nIt’s never too late to show some appreciation. Saying something like, “I didn’t mention this to you before, but I really appreciated you making dinner last week, even though you had so much stress,” can be a pleasant surprise for your partner.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Surprise your partner with a gift.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"A meaningful gift is worth more than its price.\", \"描述\": \"Bringing your partner something that they wouldn’t expect, especially when it isn’t their birthday or another special occasion, can add surprise and chemistry to your relationship.\\nThe gift doesn’t need to be expensive, but it should be meaningful, and you can only find out what is meaningful to your partner by listening to them.\\nPay attention when your partner says that they like or wish they could have certain things. For instance, if your partner says something like, “Those flowers are really beautiful,” while you’re outside together, it could be a wonderful gift to find out what they are and bring some for them later.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 11, \"标题\": \"Wait for the chemistry to come.\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Don’t worry too much about the spark.\", \"描述\": \"Good relationships aren’t always constantly thrilling, but they’re worth so much more than this. If you’re feeling like your relationship is lacking excitement, know that all relationships go through these phases. So try to remain patient, and enjoy all of the good parts of being with your partner.\\nOn the other hand, having no chemistry with your partner for a long period of time might mean it’s time to call things off. If the thought of sex interests you, but the thought of sex with your partner specifically is a turn-off, you might want to consider finding another relationship.\\nRemember that every relationship is different, and you’ll have to judge for yourself how long is long enough without chemistry. Trust yourself!\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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7,101 |
How to Build Concrete Steps
|
1. Planning
1-1. Equip yourself with a stair-building vocabulary.
Each step consists of 2 main parts: a riser, which is the vertical part of the step, and the tread, which is the part you step on. Other important terms to know when building your stairs include:
The pitch line, an imaginary line that runs from the lip of the bottom stair to the lip of the topmost step. The “pitch” of the stairs is the angle between the base of the stairs and the pitch line.
The rise, which is the total height of your staircase from its base to the topmost step.
The run of your stairs, which is the depth of your stair measured from the front of your staircase to its back.
The stringers of your stairs are the side supports to either side of each step. The measurements for your stringers will be used in the creation of your concrete forms.
1-2. Measure the dimensions for your stairs.
First, you'll need to find the total rise of your stairs, which can be found by measuring the total height from the planned base to the higher level/floor you are building up to. Then:
Measure the run of the steps by finding the distance between the frontmost and backmost part of the stair.
Find the width of your stairs by measuring the distance between the leftmost and rightmost bounds of your planned steps.
1-3. Calculate the number of stairs you will need.
You can do this by finding the rise (total height from the bottom level to the top level) of your stairs and dividing that number by the riser height (the height of each step). Standard risers are between 6 to 8 in (15 to 20 cm). The building code in some states sets the maximum riser height at 8.25" (21 cm), but you should be sure to check your local building code to prevent building stairs that violate state code or local ordinances.
If this number comes out as a decimal, you must round up to the next whole number.
If your stairs are built so the topmost tread is a step below the level/floor you are building up to, the number of treads you need will be 1 less than the number of risers. Otherwise, you will need an equal number of treads and risers.
There are many online sites that offer simple step calculators to simplify this process. You should be able to find these through a general Internet search for a "stair calculator." These calculators will help you determine the exact specifications of your steps, including the number of treads, height of each riser, stringer length, pitch line, and so on.
1-4. Determine the height and depth of your tread.
The depth of each tread (the top surface of the step) is a little more flexible, but each should be at least 11 inches (27.9 cm) to accommodate both large and small feet.
1-5. Find the height of your risers.
Divide the total rise (height) of the entire staircase by the number of risers. Generally, you should round the riser height of your steps to the nearest 1/16 inch (1.6 mm).
1-6. Find the length of your stringers.
The stringers of your stairs will form the angled, side parts of your form on either side of your stair. To find the length of your stringers, multiply your total rise by itself. Then multiply the total run by itself. After that you'll need to:
Add the rise multiplied by itself and the run multiplied by itself together, and then take the square root of that number.
Finally, find the angle of your stringers by taking inverse sine (sin) of your total rise divided by the length of your stringers.
It may be easiest to use a calculator, phone, or online calculator to find the length and angle of your stringers. The square root symbol will look like a check mark or a check mark with a horizontal top (√).
1-7. Plan for handrails if you need them.
You may have to install brackets in the concrete when you pour, so determine if handrails are a necessity for your stairs. If the stairs are next to a wall, you can always attach a handrail to that.
2. Groundwork
2-1. Stake out the base of your steps.
Now that you know the general dimensions of your steps, you can stake out the area where you will be building your steps. Hammer a wooden stake into the ground at each corner of the base of your stairs.
Measure from corner to corner to ensure that your layout is properly squared up and the dimensions are correct.
To make sure that your stakes are evenly lined up, run a length of string between the stakes around the perimeter and use the string to verify your stakes are aligned properly.
Not running a line between your stakes to keep alignment can lead to more work on your part. In the worst-case scenario, a poorly aligned perimeter can result in a slanted/angled finished product.
2-2. Excavate the area where your steps will be poured.
You'll need to use a shovel to dig 4-8" (10.2-20.3 cm) below the ground level of the base of your stairs. Dig within the boundary of the string you've set up to prevent digging any more than you have to.
This excavation is intended to clear away rocks, trees, grass, shrubs, and anything else that might interfere with your concrete pouring. You'll also have to lay a sub-base upon which the concrete will rest.
Since your sub-base should be at least 4-8" (10.2-20.3 cm) thick, you'll need to dig down at least this far or the rise of your first step will be larger than you plan.
2-3. Cut the pieces for your form.
Using the dimensions you've taken for your staircase, cut pieces of scrap wood or low-grade lumber so you have a board for the rise for each step and two boards for the stringers (one for each side of your stair form).
Use 2 in × 6 in (5.1 cm × 15.2 cm), 2 in × 8 in (5.1 cm × 20.3 cm), or plywood that's ⁄4 in (19 mm) thick.
Your form should exclude the top and bottom of the entire stair. The ground-oriented side of your stringer forms should be cut to meet the pitch line (angle) of your stair, and the top should be cut in a zigzag fashion to follow the rise and depth of each tread (step).
If you are pouring concrete steps that form a right angle (L-shape), your stringer forms will not need to be cut on an angle. In this case, your stringer will follow the entire run and rise of your stairs.
You should shave a slight angle into the bottom of each rise form board, excluding the bottom riser form board. This way, when you pour your concrete, you'll be able to easily smooth the area in the corners of each step.
2-4. Assemble your concrete form.
Use screws and a power drill to attach each riser form board to your stringers. You can do this by laying each stringer form so the even, bottom side of each stringer is flat on the ground and the zigzag side of the stringer is oriented with its points facing up.
Screw 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) planks into the form and fasten them to the ground with wooden stakes to prevent the form from bowing out.
Space your stringers to be approximately the planned width of your stairs apart. Then you can lay the riser form boards along the zigzags of the stringer that matches the upward rise of each step. Now you should be able to easily use your power drill to attach each riser form board to the stringer form boards.
If your stairs form a right angle (L-shape), you should be able to lean them against a sturdy object base down so each stringer form is oriented like a normal stair. You may have to place a board between the stringers to stabilize them until you screw your first riser form board into place.
Be sure there are no gaps in your form and that the boards line up evenly. Any gaps can lead to concrete leaking through your form, and unevenness will result in uneven steps. When you look at your form from the side, it should look like finished steps.
2-5. Lay your subbase.
Your concrete steps will lie upon a subbase of granular fill, like open-grade stone, which will protect your poured concrete steps from shifts in the earth or deterioration. You'll need between 4-8" (10.2-20.3 cm) of fill for your subbase.
After placing your subbase, you'll need to tamp it down until it is packed extremely firm, level, and stable. Use a long flat board and a level to check the levelness of your subbase.
Smaller projects can likely be done with a hand tamper, which is essentially a heavy, flat metal plate attached to a wooden handle. Larger projects might require you to use a plate compactor machine.
Failing to lay a sturdy subbase can result in cracking, deterioration, or structural failure in your concrete steps. Your concrete's strength depends on a solid subbase.
You may want to lay a thick gauge wire mesh on top of your subbase to reinforce the concrete you'll be pouring. The idea is, even if your concrete cracks, the mesh will hold it in place so integrity of your stairs is maintained.
If you live in a colder climate, you can apply a layer of Styrofoam 2 inches (5.1 cm) deep before adding gravel so frost doesn't freeze underneath your steps and damage them.
2-6. Place your form.
Fit your stair form into place over the subbase, slotting it into the gap created by the ground level/floor and the level you are building your stairs up to. Once your form is in place, use a level to check that it isn't sloping one direction or the other. You may have to add a little fill to either or both sides of your form to ensure it is level.
You may want to give your form a very slight downhill angle. This way, when it rains, the water will run off your steps.
2-7. Build a rebar cage into your form.
A rebar cage will provide additional reinforcement and help your stairs last longer. Use rebar that is at least 3/8 of an inch (.95 cm) in diameter and connect it with wire ties.
The top of the rebar cage should be at least 2 inches (5 cm) under the height of the finished steps.
Use bolt cutters or an angle grinder to cut the rebar pieces to the right length.
You will need a pigtail twister to secure the wire ties.
3. Pouring and Finishing
3-1. Mix your concrete
For a project as large as a staircase, you will likely need to rent a small cement mixer. Follow the directions on your bagged concrete mix to determine how much water you need to add.
Smaller projects, like building a single step, might be possible without a cement mixer. You could mix your concrete by hand in a wheelbarrow. Another alternative is to create a mixing box (also called a mortar box) by using scrap/low-grade wood to create a makeshift reservoir where you can mix your concrete.
Add colorant to your concrete before mixing it to permanently change the color.
3-2. Pour the concrete
Transfer the concrete into your form with a shovel, wheelbarrow, or (for larger projects) the funnel that came with your cement mixer. If you are using a wheelbarrow, you might construct an earthen ramp so you can wheel your cement up to the lip of the form and tip in the concrete.
3-3. Screed (flatten) the surface of your concrete.
Lay a screeding tool, like a long trowel or long wooden plank, flat along the top parts of your form and, working from uphill to downhill, work your tool along the form to flatten and smooth the concrete. Once you are finished screeding, your concrete should start looking more like the finished product.
If you use a wooden plank or board, it should be as straight as possible and free of warping and other irregularities. These can create gouges or leave the surface of your concrete uneven.
3-4. Float your concrete
Floating involves pressing a flat surface along the top of the concrete to cause the "cream" (the gravel-free part of the concrete) to come to the surface. A bull float tool is ideal for this process, though it might not be necessary for smaller projects.
Smaller projects might only require the use of a handheld magnesium float. These kind of floats are extremely durable and are designed to slide across the surface of your still-liquid concrete easily.
To use a bull float, push it away from you across the top of the concrete while keeping the back end of the float slightly elevated, then pull the float back towards yourself, keeping the front end slightly elevated. Float the entire surface of your concrete thoroughly.
If you have used a bull float, you should use a handheld magnesium float to go over the surface once again when finished. Use long, sweeping motions for best results. At this point, it is not uncommon to see water bleed to the surface of the concrete.
3-5. Brush your concrete for improved traction.
Drag a stiff-bristled push broom across the surface of your concrete to create fine grooves in the surface. Smooth concrete can be very slippery, which can be especially dangerous for concrete steps.
Use light pressure when doing this; grooves that are too deep will cause water to puddle on the concrete, and could compromise its integrity.
If you notice clumps of cement forming on your broom, this is generally a sign that you are adding traction too soon. Smooth the concrete once more with your handheld magnesium floater, and wait until later to brush your surface.
Wait to do this until the concrete has dried enough that you no longer see water seeping (or “bleeding”) out onto the surface. Otherwise, brushing will result in grooves that are too deep.
3-6. Allow your concrete to cure.
You should always follow the directions the supplies you use, especially since different kinds of concrete will have different specifications. Generally, concrete takes 28 days to fully cure.
You can improve the curing process by applying a concrete sealer after pouring the concrete. Follow the directions on your sealer for best results.
You should be able to remove your forms after a single day. Carefully remove your screws and take apart your form. After a few days, your concrete will be strong enough to walk on, though not fully cured. Enjoy your new concrete steps!
Tips
Consider the size of the top landing for your steps. You should be able to comfortably stand on it. If there is a door that opens toward your steps, make sure there is enough room for it to open while someone is standing on the landing.
Warnings
Building concrete steps requires a knowledge of mixing and pouring concrete, making concrete forms, and using tools, like hammers, drills, levels, and so on. If this is your first project using concrete, you may want to practice on a simpler project instead, like pouring a simple concrete floor.
This kind of work is labor-intensive, so you might want to check with your doctor first if you're unsure if you are physically able to perform this strenuous task.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Planning\\n1-1. Equip yourself with a stair-building vocabulary.\\nEach step consists of 2 main parts: a riser, which is the vertical part of the step, and the tread, which is the part you step on. Other important terms to know when building your stairs include:\\nThe pitch line, an imaginary line that runs from the lip of the bottom stair to the lip of the topmost step. The “pitch” of the stairs is the angle between the base of the stairs and the pitch line.\\nThe rise, which is the total height of your staircase from its base to the topmost step.\\nThe run of your stairs, which is the depth of your stair measured from the front of your staircase to its back.\\nThe stringers of your stairs are the side supports to either side of each step. The measurements for your stringers will be used in the creation of your concrete forms.\\n1-2. Measure the dimensions for your stairs.\\nFirst, you'll need to find the total rise of your stairs, which can be found by measuring the total height from the planned base to the higher level/floor you are building up to. Then:\\nMeasure the run of the steps by finding the distance between the frontmost and backmost part of the stair.\\nFind the width of your stairs by measuring the distance between the leftmost and rightmost bounds of your planned steps.\\n1-3. Calculate the number of stairs you will need.\\nYou can do this by finding the rise (total height from the bottom level to the top level) of your stairs and dividing that number by the riser height (the height of each step). Standard risers are between 6 to 8 in (15 to 20 cm). The building code in some states sets the maximum riser height at 8.25\\\" (21 cm), but you should be sure to check your local building code to prevent building stairs that violate state code or local ordinances.\\nIf this number comes out as a decimal, you must round up to the next whole number.\\nIf your stairs are built so the topmost tread is a step below the level/floor you are building up to, the number of treads you need will be 1 less than the number of risers. Otherwise, you will need an equal number of treads and risers.\\nThere are many online sites that offer simple step calculators to simplify this process. You should be able to find these through a general Internet search for a \\\"stair calculator.\\\" These calculators will help you determine the exact specifications of your steps, including the number of treads, height of each riser, stringer length, pitch line, and so on.\\n1-4. Determine the height and depth of your tread.\\nThe depth of each tread (the top surface of the step) is a little more flexible, but each should be at least 11 inches (27.9 cm) to accommodate both large and small feet.\\n1-5. Find the height of your risers.\\nDivide the total rise (height) of the entire staircase by the number of risers. Generally, you should round the riser height of your steps to the nearest 1/16 inch (1.6 mm).\\n1-6. Find the length of your stringers.\\nThe stringers of your stairs will form the angled, side parts of your form on either side of your stair. To find the length of your stringers, multiply your total rise by itself. Then multiply the total run by itself. After that you'll need to:\\nAdd the rise multiplied by itself and the run multiplied by itself together, and then take the square root of that number.\\nFinally, find the angle of your stringers by taking inverse sine (sin) of your total rise divided by the length of your stringers.\\nIt may be easiest to use a calculator, phone, or online calculator to find the length and angle of your stringers. The square root symbol will look like a check mark or a check mark with a horizontal top (√).\\n1-7. Plan for handrails if you need them.\\nYou may have to install brackets in the concrete when you pour, so determine if handrails are a necessity for your stairs. If the stairs are next to a wall, you can always attach a handrail to that.\\n2. Groundwork\\n2-1. Stake out the base of your steps.\\nNow that you know the general dimensions of your steps, you can stake out the area where you will be building your steps. Hammer a wooden stake into the ground at each corner of the base of your stairs.\\nMeasure from corner to corner to ensure that your layout is properly squared up and the dimensions are correct.\\nTo make sure that your stakes are evenly lined up, run a length of string between the stakes around the perimeter and use the string to verify your stakes are aligned properly.\\nNot running a line between your stakes to keep alignment can lead to more work on your part. In the worst-case scenario, a poorly aligned perimeter can result in a slanted/angled finished product.\\n2-2. Excavate the area where your steps will be poured.\\nYou'll need to use a shovel to dig 4-8\\\" (10.2-20.3 cm) below the ground level of the base of your stairs. Dig within the boundary of the string you've set up to prevent digging any more than you have to.\\nThis excavation is intended to clear away rocks, trees, grass, shrubs, and anything else that might interfere with your concrete pouring. You'll also have to lay a sub-base upon which the concrete will rest.\\nSince your sub-base should be at least 4-8\\\" (10.2-20.3 cm) thick, you'll need to dig down at least this far or the rise of your first step will be larger than you plan.\\n2-3. Cut the pieces for your form.\\nUsing the dimensions you've taken for your staircase, cut pieces of scrap wood or low-grade lumber so you have a board for the rise for each step and two boards for the stringers (one for each side of your stair form).\\nUse 2 in × 6 in (5.1 cm × 15.2 cm), 2 in × 8 in (5.1 cm × 20.3 cm), or plywood that's ⁄4 in (19 mm) thick.\\nYour form should exclude the top and bottom of the entire stair. The ground-oriented side of your stringer forms should be cut to meet the pitch line (angle) of your stair, and the top should be cut in a zigzag fashion to follow the rise and depth of each tread (step).\\nIf you are pouring concrete steps that form a right angle (L-shape), your stringer forms will not need to be cut on an angle. In this case, your stringer will follow the entire run and rise of your stairs.\\nYou should shave a slight angle into the bottom of each rise form board, excluding the bottom riser form board. This way, when you pour your concrete, you'll be able to easily smooth the area in the corners of each step.\\n2-4. Assemble your concrete form.\\nUse screws and a power drill to attach each riser form board to your stringers. You can do this by laying each stringer form so the even, bottom side of each stringer is flat on the ground and the zigzag side of the stringer is oriented with its points facing up.\\nScrew 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) planks into the form and fasten them to the ground with wooden stakes to prevent the form from bowing out.\\nSpace your stringers to be approximately the planned width of your stairs apart. Then you can lay the riser form boards along the zigzags of the stringer that matches the upward rise of each step. Now you should be able to easily use your power drill to attach each riser form board to the stringer form boards.\\nIf your stairs form a right angle (L-shape), you should be able to lean them against a sturdy object base down so each stringer form is oriented like a normal stair. You may have to place a board between the stringers to stabilize them until you screw your first riser form board into place.\\nBe sure there are no gaps in your form and that the boards line up evenly. Any gaps can lead to concrete leaking through your form, and unevenness will result in uneven steps. When you look at your form from the side, it should look like finished steps.\\n2-5. Lay your subbase.\\nYour concrete steps will lie upon a subbase of granular fill, like open-grade stone, which will protect your poured concrete steps from shifts in the earth or deterioration. You'll need between 4-8\\\" (10.2-20.3 cm) of fill for your subbase.\\nAfter placing your subbase, you'll need to tamp it down until it is packed extremely firm, level, and stable. Use a long flat board and a level to check the levelness of your subbase.\\nSmaller projects can likely be done with a hand tamper, which is essentially a heavy, flat metal plate attached to a wooden handle. Larger projects might require you to use a plate compactor machine.\\nFailing to lay a sturdy subbase can result in cracking, deterioration, or structural failure in your concrete steps. Your concrete's strength depends on a solid subbase.\\nYou may want to lay a thick gauge wire mesh on top of your subbase to reinforce the concrete you'll be pouring. The idea is, even if your concrete cracks, the mesh will hold it in place so integrity of your stairs is maintained.\\nIf you live in a colder climate, you can apply a layer of Styrofoam 2 inches (5.1 cm) deep before adding gravel so frost doesn't freeze underneath your steps and damage them.\\n2-6. Place your form.\\nFit your stair form into place over the subbase, slotting it into the gap created by the ground level/floor and the level you are building your stairs up to. Once your form is in place, use a level to check that it isn't sloping one direction or the other. You may have to add a little fill to either or both sides of your form to ensure it is level.\\nYou may want to give your form a very slight downhill angle. This way, when it rains, the water will run off your steps.\\n2-7. Build a rebar cage into your form.\\nA rebar cage will provide additional reinforcement and help your stairs last longer. Use rebar that is at least 3/8 of an inch (.95 cm) in diameter and connect it with wire ties.\\nThe top of the rebar cage should be at least 2 inches (5 cm) under the height of the finished steps.\\nUse bolt cutters or an angle grinder to cut the rebar pieces to the right length.\\nYou will need a pigtail twister to secure the wire ties.\\n3. Pouring and Finishing\\n3-1. Mix your concrete\\nFor a project as large as a staircase, you will likely need to rent a small cement mixer. Follow the directions on your bagged concrete mix to determine how much water you need to add.\\nSmaller projects, like building a single step, might be possible without a cement mixer. You could mix your concrete by hand in a wheelbarrow. Another alternative is to create a mixing box (also called a mortar box) by using scrap/low-grade wood to create a makeshift reservoir where you can mix your concrete.\\nAdd colorant to your concrete before mixing it to permanently change the color.\\n3-2. Pour the concrete\\nTransfer the concrete into your form with a shovel, wheelbarrow, or (for larger projects) the funnel that came with your cement mixer. If you are using a wheelbarrow, you might construct an earthen ramp so you can wheel your cement up to the lip of the form and tip in the concrete.\\n3-3. Screed (flatten) the surface of your concrete.\\nLay a screeding tool, like a long trowel or long wooden plank, flat along the top parts of your form and, working from uphill to downhill, work your tool along the form to flatten and smooth the concrete. Once you are finished screeding, your concrete should start looking more like the finished product.\\nIf you use a wooden plank or board, it should be as straight as possible and free of warping and other irregularities. These can create gouges or leave the surface of your concrete uneven.\\n3-4. Float your concrete\\nFloating involves pressing a flat surface along the top of the concrete to cause the \\\"cream\\\" (the gravel-free part of the concrete) to come to the surface. A bull float tool is ideal for this process, though it might not be necessary for smaller projects.\\nSmaller projects might only require the use of a handheld magnesium float. These kind of floats are extremely durable and are designed to slide across the surface of your still-liquid concrete easily.\\nTo use a bull float, push it away from you across the top of the concrete while keeping the back end of the float slightly elevated, then pull the float back towards yourself, keeping the front end slightly elevated. Float the entire surface of your concrete thoroughly.\\nIf you have used a bull float, you should use a handheld magnesium float to go over the surface once again when finished. Use long, sweeping motions for best results. At this point, it is not uncommon to see water bleed to the surface of the concrete.\\n3-5. Brush your concrete for improved traction.\\nDrag a stiff-bristled push broom across the surface of your concrete to create fine grooves in the surface. Smooth concrete can be very slippery, which can be especially dangerous for concrete steps.\\nUse light pressure when doing this; grooves that are too deep will cause water to puddle on the concrete, and could compromise its integrity.\\nIf you notice clumps of cement forming on your broom, this is generally a sign that you are adding traction too soon. Smooth the concrete once more with your handheld magnesium floater, and wait until later to brush your surface.\\nWait to do this until the concrete has dried enough that you no longer see water seeping (or “bleeding”) out onto the surface. Otherwise, brushing will result in grooves that are too deep.\\n3-6. Allow your concrete to cure.\\nYou should always follow the directions the supplies you use, especially since different kinds of concrete will have different specifications. Generally, concrete takes 28 days to fully cure.\\nYou can improve the curing process by applying a concrete sealer after pouring the concrete. Follow the directions on your sealer for best results.\\nYou should be able to remove your forms after a single day. Carefully remove your screws and take apart your form. After a few days, your concrete will be strong enough to walk on, though not fully cured. Enjoy your new concrete steps!\\nTips\\nConsider the size of the top landing for your steps. You should be able to comfortably stand on it. If there is a door that opens toward your steps, make sure there is enough room for it to open while someone is standing on the landing.\\nWarnings\\nBuilding concrete steps requires a knowledge of mixing and pouring concrete, making concrete forms, and using tools, like hammers, drills, levels, and so on. If this is your first project using concrete, you may want to practice on a simpler project instead, like pouring a simple concrete floor.\\nThis kind of work is labor-intensive, so you might want to check with your doctor first if you're unsure if you are physically able to perform this strenuous task.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Building your own concrete steps is a challenging and labor-intensive project, but it's also a great money saver. If you're an experienced DIYer with some knowledge of working with concrete, you can make your own steps with the right materials and some careful planning. Once you've planned your stairs, you'll need to build a sturdy sub-base and a reinforced stair form. After that, it's time to pour and finish your concrete.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Planning\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Equip yourself with a stair-building vocabulary.\", \"描述\": \"Each step consists of 2 main parts: a riser, which is the vertical part of the step, and the tread, which is the part you step on. Other important terms to know when building your stairs include:\\nThe pitch line, an imaginary line that runs from the lip of the bottom stair to the lip of the topmost step. The “pitch” of the stairs is the angle between the base of the stairs and the pitch line.\\nThe rise, which is the total height of your staircase from its base to the topmost step.\\nThe run of your stairs, which is the depth of your stair measured from the front of your staircase to its back.\\nThe stringers of your stairs are the side supports to either side of each step. The measurements for your stringers will be used in the creation of your concrete forms.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Measure the dimensions for your stairs.\", \"描述\": \"First, you'll need to find the total rise of your stairs, which can be found by measuring the total height from the planned base to the higher level/floor you are building up to. Then:\\nMeasure the run of the steps by finding the distance between the frontmost and backmost part of the stair.\\nFind the width of your stairs by measuring the distance between the leftmost and rightmost bounds of your planned steps.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Calculate the number of stairs you will need.\", \"描述\": \"You can do this by finding the rise (total height from the bottom level to the top level) of your stairs and dividing that number by the riser height (the height of each step). Standard risers are between 6 to 8 in (15 to 20 cm). The building code in some states sets the maximum riser height at 8.25\\\" (21 cm), but you should be sure to check your local building code to prevent building stairs that violate state code or local ordinances.\\nIf this number comes out as a decimal, you must round up to the next whole number.\\nIf your stairs are built so the topmost tread is a step below the level/floor you are building up to, the number of treads you need will be 1 less than the number of risers. Otherwise, you will need an equal number of treads and risers.\\nThere are many online sites that offer simple step calculators to simplify this process. You should be able to find these through a general Internet search for a \\\"stair calculator.\\\" These calculators will help you determine the exact specifications of your steps, including the number of treads, height of each riser, stringer length, pitch line, and so on.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Determine the height and depth of your tread.\", \"描述\": \"The depth of each tread (the top surface of the step) is a little more flexible, but each should be at least 11 inches (27.9 cm) to accommodate both large and small feet.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Find the height of your risers.\", \"描述\": \"Divide the total rise (height) of the entire staircase by the number of risers. Generally, you should round the riser height of your steps to the nearest 1/16 inch (1.6 mm).\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Find the length of your stringers.\", \"描述\": \"The stringers of your stairs will form the angled, side parts of your form on either side of your stair. To find the length of your stringers, multiply your total rise by itself. Then multiply the total run by itself. After that you'll need to:\\nAdd the rise multiplied by itself and the run multiplied by itself together, and then take the square root of that number.\\nFinally, find the angle of your stringers by taking inverse sine (sin) of your total rise divided by the length of your stringers.\\nIt may be easiest to use a calculator, phone, or online calculator to find the length and angle of your stringers. The square root symbol will look like a check mark or a check mark with a horizontal top (√).\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Plan for handrails if you need them.\", \"描述\": \"You may have to install brackets in the concrete when you pour, so determine if handrails are a necessity for your stairs. If the stairs are next to a wall, you can always attach a handrail to that.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Groundwork\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Stake out the base of your steps.\", \"描述\": \"Now that you know the general dimensions of your steps, you can stake out the area where you will be building your steps. Hammer a wooden stake into the ground at each corner of the base of your stairs.\\nMeasure from corner to corner to ensure that your layout is properly squared up and the dimensions are correct.\\nTo make sure that your stakes are evenly lined up, run a length of string between the stakes around the perimeter and use the string to verify your stakes are aligned properly.\\nNot running a line between your stakes to keep alignment can lead to more work on your part. In the worst-case scenario, a poorly aligned perimeter can result in a slanted/angled finished product.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Excavate the area where your steps will be poured.\", \"描述\": \"You'll need to use a shovel to dig 4-8\\\" (10.2-20.3 cm) below the ground level of the base of your stairs. Dig within the boundary of the string you've set up to prevent digging any more than you have to.\\nThis excavation is intended to clear away rocks, trees, grass, shrubs, and anything else that might interfere with your concrete pouring. You'll also have to lay a sub-base upon which the concrete will rest.\\nSince your sub-base should be at least 4-8\\\" (10.2-20.3 cm) thick, you'll need to dig down at least this far or the rise of your first step will be larger than you plan.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cut the pieces for your form.\", \"描述\": \"Using the dimensions you've taken for your staircase, cut pieces of scrap wood or low-grade lumber so you have a board for the rise for each step and two boards for the stringers (one for each side of your stair form).\\nUse 2 in × 6 in (5.1 cm × 15.2 cm), 2 in × 8 in (5.1 cm × 20.3 cm), or plywood that's ⁄4 in (19 mm) thick.\\nYour form should exclude the top and bottom of the entire stair. The ground-oriented side of your stringer forms should be cut to meet the pitch line (angle) of your stair, and the top should be cut in a zigzag fashion to follow the rise and depth of each tread (step).\\nIf you are pouring concrete steps that form a right angle (L-shape), your stringer forms will not need to be cut on an angle. In this case, your stringer will follow the entire run and rise of your stairs.\\nYou should shave a slight angle into the bottom of each rise form board, excluding the bottom riser form board. This way, when you pour your concrete, you'll be able to easily smooth the area in the corners of each step.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Assemble your concrete form.\", \"描述\": \"Use screws and a power drill to attach each riser form board to your stringers. You can do this by laying each stringer form so the even, bottom side of each stringer is flat on the ground and the zigzag side of the stringer is oriented with its points facing up.\\nScrew 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) planks into the form and fasten them to the ground with wooden stakes to prevent the form from bowing out.\\nSpace your stringers to be approximately the planned width of your stairs apart. Then you can lay the riser form boards along the zigzags of the stringer that matches the upward rise of each step. Now you should be able to easily use your power drill to attach each riser form board to the stringer form boards.\\nIf your stairs form a right angle (L-shape), you should be able to lean them against a sturdy object base down so each stringer form is oriented like a normal stair. You may have to place a board between the stringers to stabilize them until you screw your first riser form board into place.\\nBe sure there are no gaps in your form and that the boards line up evenly. Any gaps can lead to concrete leaking through your form, and unevenness will result in uneven steps. When you look at your form from the side, it should look like finished steps.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Lay your subbase.\", \"描述\": \"Your concrete steps will lie upon a subbase of granular fill, like open-grade stone, which will protect your poured concrete steps from shifts in the earth or deterioration. You'll need between 4-8\\\" (10.2-20.3 cm) of fill for your subbase.\\nAfter placing your subbase, you'll need to tamp it down until it is packed extremely firm, level, and stable. Use a long flat board and a level to check the levelness of your subbase.\\nSmaller projects can likely be done with a hand tamper, which is essentially a heavy, flat metal plate attached to a wooden handle. Larger projects might require you to use a plate compactor machine.\\nFailing to lay a sturdy subbase can result in cracking, deterioration, or structural failure in your concrete steps. Your concrete's strength depends on a solid subbase.\\nYou may want to lay a thick gauge wire mesh on top of your subbase to reinforce the concrete you'll be pouring. The idea is, even if your concrete cracks, the mesh will hold it in place so integrity of your stairs is maintained.\\nIf you live in a colder climate, you can apply a layer of Styrofoam 2 inches (5.1 cm) deep before adding gravel so frost doesn't freeze underneath your steps and damage them.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Place your form.\", \"描述\": \"Fit your stair form into place over the subbase, slotting it into the gap created by the ground level/floor and the level you are building your stairs up to. Once your form is in place, use a level to check that it isn't sloping one direction or the other. You may have to add a little fill to either or both sides of your form to ensure it is level.\\nYou may want to give your form a very slight downhill angle. This way, when it rains, the water will run off your steps.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Build a rebar cage into your form.\", \"描述\": \"A rebar cage will provide additional reinforcement and help your stairs last longer. Use rebar that is at least 3/8 of an inch (.95 cm) in diameter and connect it with wire ties.\\nThe top of the rebar cage should be at least 2 inches (5 cm) under the height of the finished steps.\\nUse bolt cutters or an angle grinder to cut the rebar pieces to the right length.\\nYou will need a pigtail twister to secure the wire ties.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Pouring and Finishing\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Mix your concrete\", \"描述\": \"For a project as large as a staircase, you will likely need to rent a small cement mixer. Follow the directions on your bagged concrete mix to determine how much water you need to add.\\nSmaller projects, like building a single step, might be possible without a cement mixer. You could mix your concrete by hand in a wheelbarrow. Another alternative is to create a mixing box (also called a mortar box) by using scrap/low-grade wood to create a makeshift reservoir where you can mix your concrete.\\nAdd colorant to your concrete before mixing it to permanently change the color.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pour the concrete\", \"描述\": \"Transfer the concrete into your form with a shovel, wheelbarrow, or (for larger projects) the funnel that came with your cement mixer. If you are using a wheelbarrow, you might construct an earthen ramp so you can wheel your cement up to the lip of the form and tip in the concrete.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Screed (flatten) the surface of your concrete.\", \"描述\": \"Lay a screeding tool, like a long trowel or long wooden plank, flat along the top parts of your form and, working from uphill to downhill, work your tool along the form to flatten and smooth the concrete. Once you are finished screeding, your concrete should start looking more like the finished product.\\nIf you use a wooden plank or board, it should be as straight as possible and free of warping and other irregularities. These can create gouges or leave the surface of your concrete uneven.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Float your concrete\", \"描述\": \"Floating involves pressing a flat surface along the top of the concrete to cause the \\\"cream\\\" (the gravel-free part of the concrete) to come to the surface. A bull float tool is ideal for this process, though it might not be necessary for smaller projects.\\nSmaller projects might only require the use of a handheld magnesium float. These kind of floats are extremely durable and are designed to slide across the surface of your still-liquid concrete easily.\\nTo use a bull float, push it away from you across the top of the concrete while keeping the back end of the float slightly elevated, then pull the float back towards yourself, keeping the front end slightly elevated. Float the entire surface of your concrete thoroughly.\\nIf you have used a bull float, you should use a handheld magnesium float to go over the surface once again when finished. Use long, sweeping motions for best results. At this point, it is not uncommon to see water bleed to the surface of the concrete.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Brush your concrete for improved traction.\", \"描述\": \"Drag a stiff-bristled push broom across the surface of your concrete to create fine grooves in the surface. Smooth concrete can be very slippery, which can be especially dangerous for concrete steps.\\nUse light pressure when doing this; grooves that are too deep will cause water to puddle on the concrete, and could compromise its integrity.\\nIf you notice clumps of cement forming on your broom, this is generally a sign that you are adding traction too soon. Smooth the concrete once more with your handheld magnesium floater, and wait until later to brush your surface.\\nWait to do this until the concrete has dried enough that you no longer see water seeping (or “bleeding”) out onto the surface. Otherwise, brushing will result in grooves that are too deep.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Allow your concrete to cure.\", \"描述\": \"You should always follow the directions the supplies you use, especially since different kinds of concrete will have different specifications. Generally, concrete takes 28 days to fully cure.\\nYou can improve the curing process by applying a concrete sealer after pouring the concrete. Follow the directions on your sealer for best results.\\nYou should be able to remove your forms after a single day. Carefully remove your screws and take apart your form. After a few days, your concrete will be strong enough to walk on, though not fully cured. Enjoy your new concrete steps!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Consider the size of the top landing for your steps. You should be able to comfortably stand on it. If there is a door that opens toward your steps, make sure there is enough room for it to open while someone is standing on the landing.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Building concrete steps requires a knowledge of mixing and pouring concrete, making concrete forms, and using tools, like hammers, drills, levels, and so on. If this is your first project using concrete, you may want to practice on a simpler project instead, like pouring a simple concrete floor.\\n\", \"This kind of work is labor-intensive, so you might want to check with your doctor first if you're unsure if you are physically able to perform this strenuous task.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,102 |
How to Build Confidence (for Teen Girls)
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1. Focusing on Your Strengths
1-1. Write down your talents, skills, and good qualities.
It is easy to focus on the things that you do not like about yourself or the areas that need improvement. When you focus on the negative, you forget about all the other wonderful attributes you have. It is important that you acknowledge the things that you are good at and make time to do those things.
Examples of good qualities you may have include being smart, funny, kind, generous, creative, loving, caring, etc.
Talents and skills you may have include being an athlete, dancer, musician, writer, artist, poet, singer, volunteer, etc.
How much time do you spend doing these any of these activities? How will you make these activities part of your everyday life?
1-2. Challenge yourself to do more.
A lack of confidence can stop you from trying something new or doing something that you enjoy. What would you do if you had more confidence? What is stopping you from doing it?
Write down the following sentence, "If I had more confidence, I would..."
What type of support or encouragement would you need to try this? How would you feel if you actually tried this?
For example, maybe you are a good writer and would like to work on your skills. However, you are not confident enough to write for your school newspaper. You may write, "If I had more confidence, I would join my my school newspaper. I know that I am a solid writer, but I am afraid of other people reading my work. If I joined the newspaper, I would become a better writer and make new friends."
1-3. Stop comparing yourself to other people.
Every person has strengths and weaknesses. These are different for each and every girl. When you compare yourself, you are often comparing a weakness you have to someone else's strength. If you continue to do this, you will never feel good about yourself.
When you find yourself comparing yourself to another person, direct your attention back to yourself. Remind yourself that you are unique and have your own strengths and talents.
Go back and read the list of positive attributes, talents, and skills that you made. It may help to post the list by your bed or on your bathroom mirror.
1-4. Set goals for yourself.
There may be areas that you would like to improve upon or things you would like to accomplish. When you achieve things, you prove to yourself that you can meet expectations. Setting a goal and achieving it can help build your confidence.
Write down your goal and then write down steps you can actually take to achieve it. Your goals and the steps you take should be realistic. Setting a goal that you are unable to reach may backfire and make you feel worse.
For example, if you want to start running, running a 5k is a better goal than running a half-marathon. Trying to go from not running very often to running a half marathon is a huge jump, and you are setting yourself up for failure. A 5k is very realistic, and you can find a couch to 5k running program to help you set your daily and weekly goals.
2. Practicing Positive Self-Talk
2-1. Recognize negative thought patterns.
The way that you think about yourself affects your confidence levels. If you constantly say negative things about yourself, you will begin to believe them. These thoughts are often more damaging than the things that other people may say to you.
When you begin to feel anxious, sad, depressed, angry, or upset, stop and reflect on the thoughts you are currently having.
You can also wear a rubber band around your wrist and snap the rubber band each time you have a negative thought.
2-2. Question your negative thoughts.
Instead of accepting the negative thoughts you have about yourself, challenge them. For example, If you ever tell yourself, "I can't do anything right," or "Nobody likes me," challenge those thoughts instead of believing that those things are true. Ask yourself some of the following questions to determine if your thoughts are true.
Why do I feel the way you do?
What do I think about myself in this very moment?
What is the evidence for and against my thinking?
Can I find out if my thoughts are really true?
How else can I look at this situation?
Will this matter in 5 years?
Does this way of thinking help me achieve my goals?
Can I learn anything from this situation?
2-3. Counteract your negative thoughts.
Once you recognize a negative thought, you must replace it with a more positive, realistic thought. This may be difficult at first. However, the more you do it, the more positive your thoughts will become.
Instead of saying, "I flunked my test. I am a complete failure," say, "I didn't do great on this test, but I can prepare better next time. I will ask my teacher for some extra help. I know I can do this."
Instead of saying, "That guy doesn't like me. I must be ugly or a loser, " say, "That hurts my feelings that he doesn't like me, but that doesn't mean that no one else likes me. I'm a great girl. I will be able to find someone else who is interested in me."
2-4. Be kind to yourself.
You are probably harder on yourself than you are to your friends and family. Accept that you will not always get things right, and you will make mistakes. That is part of being human.
If you make a mistake or go through a hard time, ask yourself what you would tell your friend. Now apply that same kindness and compassion to yourself.
For example, if you friend did poorly on a test or lost something important, would you tell your friend how stupid or forgetful they were? If your friend did not make the volleyball team, would you tell your friend that they were a loser and should have never tried out in the first place?
You would probably try to encourage your friend and do something fun to take their mind of off things. You might also give your friend some study tips or help them find the item that is lost.
2-5. Use self-affirmations.
Positive self-affirmations are a proactive way you can fill your mind with positive thoughts. You can say them in your head, write them down, or say them out loud. Choose 3 to 5 affirmations and say them when you wake up in the morning and before you go to bed. Here are some affirmations you may want to try:
"I love myself completely"
"I will embrace my flaws because nobody is perfect."
"I am confident, and I can achieve my goals."
"Beauty comes in many different shapes, sizes, and colors."
I am good enough."
3. Improving Your Body Image
3-1. Avoid looking at the media.
Have you ever seen a beautiful woman in a magazine or on television and wished you looked like her? Do you compare what you see in the media to what you see in the mirror? The more you view these images, the more critical you will be of yourself. Try to ban or at least limit the media that you are consuming.
When you do look at these images, remind yourself that those women have been photo-shopped and manipulated to look a certain way. You may not even recognize those women if you saw them in real life.
Try to find positive images in the media that do not focus on how women look. You may find profiles of women who are being praised for their talents, skills, and abilities.
3-2. Focus on the things you like about your body.
Your body is going through a lot of changes, and you may not like all of them. However, try to point out the things you like about your body (e.g. your hair, your teeth, your hands, etc.) instead of everything that is wrong with it. Be proud of the things that your body can do as well..
For example, if you are an athlete, focus on how strong your body is and how it allows you to play your sport.
If you are a musician, focus on how your hands allow you to play an instrument well.
You may not be able to change your body, but you you can change the way you feel about your body.
3-3. Do not say negative things about your body.
Negative self-talk about your body can really hurt your confidence. Try to counter any negative thoughts you have about your body with something more objective. Would you criticize your friend's body the same way you criticize your own body?
Instead of saying "my arms are huge and ugly," say, "my arms could use a little work."
Also avoid talking negatively about other girls' bodies.
3-4. Take pride in your appearance.
Treating your body well from the inside out can help you feel more confident about your looks. Exercising regularly, eating a healthy, well-balanced diet, and wearing clothes that you feel good in can improve your body image. Your appearance is one of the many things that makes you who you are.
Exercising is also a good way to boost your feel good hormones and improve your mood.
Accept the things you cannot change about your body such as your eye color, height, shape, or skin color.
Tips
Your confidence can change day by day. You will feel better some days than other days. It is completely normal.
Instead of shutting out negative thoughts and what you dislike about yourself that cannot be changed e.g your height, accept yourself for who you are.
A confident girl exudes charm and beauty, no matter how she looks. Show your personality, be who you are.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:00",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Focusing on Your Strengths\\n1-1. Write down your talents, skills, and good qualities.\\nIt is easy to focus on the things that you do not like about yourself or the areas that need improvement. When you focus on the negative, you forget about all the other wonderful attributes you have. It is important that you acknowledge the things that you are good at and make time to do those things.\\nExamples of good qualities you may have include being smart, funny, kind, generous, creative, loving, caring, etc.\\nTalents and skills you may have include being an athlete, dancer, musician, writer, artist, poet, singer, volunteer, etc.\\nHow much time do you spend doing these any of these activities? How will you make these activities part of your everyday life?\\n1-2. Challenge yourself to do more.\\nA lack of confidence can stop you from trying something new or doing something that you enjoy. What would you do if you had more confidence? What is stopping you from doing it?\\nWrite down the following sentence, \\\"If I had more confidence, I would...\\\"\\nWhat type of support or encouragement would you need to try this? How would you feel if you actually tried this?\\nFor example, maybe you are a good writer and would like to work on your skills. However, you are not confident enough to write for your school newspaper. You may write, \\\"If I had more confidence, I would join my my school newspaper. I know that I am a solid writer, but I am afraid of other people reading my work. If I joined the newspaper, I would become a better writer and make new friends.\\\"\\n1-3. Stop comparing yourself to other people.\\nEvery person has strengths and weaknesses. These are different for each and every girl. When you compare yourself, you are often comparing a weakness you have to someone else's strength. If you continue to do this, you will never feel good about yourself.\\nWhen you find yourself comparing yourself to another person, direct your attention back to yourself. Remind yourself that you are unique and have your own strengths and talents.\\nGo back and read the list of positive attributes, talents, and skills that you made. It may help to post the list by your bed or on your bathroom mirror.\\n1-4. Set goals for yourself.\\nThere may be areas that you would like to improve upon or things you would like to accomplish. When you achieve things, you prove to yourself that you can meet expectations. Setting a goal and achieving it can help build your confidence.\\nWrite down your goal and then write down steps you can actually take to achieve it. Your goals and the steps you take should be realistic. Setting a goal that you are unable to reach may backfire and make you feel worse.\\nFor example, if you want to start running, running a 5k is a better goal than running a half-marathon. Trying to go from not running very often to running a half marathon is a huge jump, and you are setting yourself up for failure. A 5k is very realistic, and you can find a couch to 5k running program to help you set your daily and weekly goals.\\n2. Practicing Positive Self-Talk\\n2-1. Recognize negative thought patterns.\\nThe way that you think about yourself affects your confidence levels. If you constantly say negative things about yourself, you will begin to believe them. These thoughts are often more damaging than the things that other people may say to you.\\nWhen you begin to feel anxious, sad, depressed, angry, or upset, stop and reflect on the thoughts you are currently having.\\nYou can also wear a rubber band around your wrist and snap the rubber band each time you have a negative thought.\\n2-2. Question your negative thoughts.\\nInstead of accepting the negative thoughts you have about yourself, challenge them. For example, If you ever tell yourself, \\\"I can't do anything right,\\\" or \\\"Nobody likes me,\\\" challenge those thoughts instead of believing that those things are true. Ask yourself some of the following questions to determine if your thoughts are true.\\nWhy do I feel the way you do?\\nWhat do I think about myself in this very moment?\\nWhat is the evidence for and against my thinking?\\nCan I find out if my thoughts are really true?\\nHow else can I look at this situation?\\nWill this matter in 5 years?\\nDoes this way of thinking help me achieve my goals?\\nCan I learn anything from this situation?\\n2-3. Counteract your negative thoughts.\\nOnce you recognize a negative thought, you must replace it with a more positive, realistic thought. This may be difficult at first. However, the more you do it, the more positive your thoughts will become.\\nInstead of saying, \\\"I flunked my test. I am a complete failure,\\\" say, \\\"I didn't do great on this test, but I can prepare better next time. I will ask my teacher for some extra help. I know I can do this.\\\"\\nInstead of saying, \\\"That guy doesn't like me. I must be ugly or a loser, \\\" say, \\\"That hurts my feelings that he doesn't like me, but that doesn't mean that no one else likes me. I'm a great girl. I will be able to find someone else who is interested in me.\\\"\\n2-4. Be kind to yourself.\\nYou are probably harder on yourself than you are to your friends and family. Accept that you will not always get things right, and you will make mistakes. That is part of being human.\\nIf you make a mistake or go through a hard time, ask yourself what you would tell your friend. Now apply that same kindness and compassion to yourself.\\nFor example, if you friend did poorly on a test or lost something important, would you tell your friend how stupid or forgetful they were? If your friend did not make the volleyball team, would you tell your friend that they were a loser and should have never tried out in the first place?\\nYou would probably try to encourage your friend and do something fun to take their mind of off things. You might also give your friend some study tips or help them find the item that is lost.\\n2-5. Use self-affirmations.\\nPositive self-affirmations are a proactive way you can fill your mind with positive thoughts. You can say them in your head, write them down, or say them out loud. Choose 3 to 5 affirmations and say them when you wake up in the morning and before you go to bed. Here are some affirmations you may want to try:\\n\\\"I love myself completely\\\"\\n\\\"I will embrace my flaws because nobody is perfect.\\\"\\n\\\"I am confident, and I can achieve my goals.\\\"\\n\\\"Beauty comes in many different shapes, sizes, and colors.\\\"\\nI am good enough.\\\"\\n3. Improving Your Body Image\\n3-1. Avoid looking at the media.\\nHave you ever seen a beautiful woman in a magazine or on television and wished you looked like her? Do you compare what you see in the media to what you see in the mirror? The more you view these images, the more critical you will be of yourself. Try to ban or at least limit the media that you are consuming.\\nWhen you do look at these images, remind yourself that those women have been photo-shopped and manipulated to look a certain way. You may not even recognize those women if you saw them in real life.\\nTry to find positive images in the media that do not focus on how women look. You may find profiles of women who are being praised for their talents, skills, and abilities.\\n3-2. Focus on the things you like about your body.\\nYour body is going through a lot of changes, and you may not like all of them. However, try to point out the things you like about your body (e.g. your hair, your teeth, your hands, etc.) instead of everything that is wrong with it. Be proud of the things that your body can do as well..\\nFor example, if you are an athlete, focus on how strong your body is and how it allows you to play your sport.\\nIf you are a musician, focus on how your hands allow you to play an instrument well.\\nYou may not be able to change your body, but you you can change the way you feel about your body.\\n3-3. Do not say negative things about your body.\\nNegative self-talk about your body can really hurt your confidence. Try to counter any negative thoughts you have about your body with something more objective. Would you criticize your friend's body the same way you criticize your own body?\\nInstead of saying \\\"my arms are huge and ugly,\\\" say, \\\"my arms could use a little work.\\\"\\nAlso avoid talking negatively about other girls' bodies.\\n3-4. Take pride in your appearance.\\nTreating your body well from the inside out can help you feel more confident about your looks. Exercising regularly, eating a healthy, well-balanced diet, and wearing clothes that you feel good in can improve your body image. Your appearance is one of the many things that makes you who you are.\\nExercising is also a good way to boost your feel good hormones and improve your mood.\\nAccept the things you cannot change about your body such as your eye color, height, shape, or skin color.\\nTips\\nYour confidence can change day by day. You will feel better some days than other days. It is completely normal.\\nInstead of shutting out negative thoughts and what you dislike about yourself that cannot be changed e.g your height, accept yourself for who you are.\\nA confident girl exudes charm and beauty, no matter how she looks. Show your personality, be who you are.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Being a teenager is tough. Your body is changing as you are trying to figure out who you are. At the same time, you are being bombarded with different messages about how you should look and how you should be. All of these changes make it difficult to be confident in yourself. Luckily, there are many things you can do to improve your confidence.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Focusing on Your Strengths\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Write down your talents, skills, and good qualities.\", \"描述\": \"It is easy to focus on the things that you do not like about yourself or the areas that need improvement. When you focus on the negative, you forget about all the other wonderful attributes you have. It is important that you acknowledge the things that you are good at and make time to do those things.\\nExamples of good qualities you may have include being smart, funny, kind, generous, creative, loving, caring, etc.\\nTalents and skills you may have include being an athlete, dancer, musician, writer, artist, poet, singer, volunteer, etc.\\nHow much time do you spend doing these any of these activities? How will you make these activities part of your everyday life?\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Challenge yourself to do more.\", \"描述\": \"A lack of confidence can stop you from trying something new or doing something that you enjoy. What would you do if you had more confidence? What is stopping you from doing it?\\nWrite down the following sentence, \\\"If I had more confidence, I would...\\\"\\nWhat type of support or encouragement would you need to try this? How would you feel if you actually tried this?\\nFor example, maybe you are a good writer and would like to work on your skills. However, you are not confident enough to write for your school newspaper. You may write, \\\"If I had more confidence, I would join my my school newspaper. I know that I am a solid writer, but I am afraid of other people reading my work. If I joined the newspaper, I would become a better writer and make new friends.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Stop comparing yourself to other people.\", \"描述\": \"Every person has strengths and weaknesses. These are different for each and every girl. When you compare yourself, you are often comparing a weakness you have to someone else's strength. If you continue to do this, you will never feel good about yourself.\\nWhen you find yourself comparing yourself to another person, direct your attention back to yourself. Remind yourself that you are unique and have your own strengths and talents.\\nGo back and read the list of positive attributes, talents, and skills that you made. It may help to post the list by your bed or on your bathroom mirror.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Set goals for yourself.\", \"描述\": \"There may be areas that you would like to improve upon or things you would like to accomplish. When you achieve things, you prove to yourself that you can meet expectations. Setting a goal and achieving it can help build your confidence.\\nWrite down your goal and then write down steps you can actually take to achieve it. Your goals and the steps you take should be realistic. Setting a goal that you are unable to reach may backfire and make you feel worse.\\nFor example, if you want to start running, running a 5k is a better goal than running a half-marathon. Trying to go from not running very often to running a half marathon is a huge jump, and you are setting yourself up for failure. A 5k is very realistic, and you can find a couch to 5k running program to help you set your daily and weekly goals.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Practicing Positive Self-Talk\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Recognize negative thought patterns.\", \"描述\": \"The way that you think about yourself affects your confidence levels. If you constantly say negative things about yourself, you will begin to believe them. These thoughts are often more damaging than the things that other people may say to you.\\nWhen you begin to feel anxious, sad, depressed, angry, or upset, stop and reflect on the thoughts you are currently having.\\nYou can also wear a rubber band around your wrist and snap the rubber band each time you have a negative thought.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Question your negative thoughts.\", \"描述\": \"Instead of accepting the negative thoughts you have about yourself, challenge them. For example, If you ever tell yourself, \\\"I can't do anything right,\\\" or \\\"Nobody likes me,\\\" challenge those thoughts instead of believing that those things are true. Ask yourself some of the following questions to determine if your thoughts are true.\\nWhy do I feel the way you do?\\nWhat do I think about myself in this very moment?\\nWhat is the evidence for and against my thinking?\\nCan I find out if my thoughts are really true?\\nHow else can I look at this situation?\\nWill this matter in 5 years?\\nDoes this way of thinking help me achieve my goals?\\nCan I learn anything from this situation?\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Counteract your negative thoughts.\", \"描述\": \"Once you recognize a negative thought, you must replace it with a more positive, realistic thought. This may be difficult at first. However, the more you do it, the more positive your thoughts will become.\\nInstead of saying, \\\"I flunked my test. I am a complete failure,\\\" say, \\\"I didn't do great on this test, but I can prepare better next time. I will ask my teacher for some extra help. I know I can do this.\\\"\\nInstead of saying, \\\"That guy doesn't like me. I must be ugly or a loser, \\\" say, \\\"That hurts my feelings that he doesn't like me, but that doesn't mean that no one else likes me. I'm a great girl. I will be able to find someone else who is interested in me.\\\"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Be kind to yourself.\", \"描述\": \"You are probably harder on yourself than you are to your friends and family. Accept that you will not always get things right, and you will make mistakes. That is part of being human.\\nIf you make a mistake or go through a hard time, ask yourself what you would tell your friend. Now apply that same kindness and compassion to yourself.\\nFor example, if you friend did poorly on a test or lost something important, would you tell your friend how stupid or forgetful they were? If your friend did not make the volleyball team, would you tell your friend that they were a loser and should have never tried out in the first place?\\nYou would probably try to encourage your friend and do something fun to take their mind of off things. You might also give your friend some study tips or help them find the item that is lost.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use self-affirmations.\", \"描述\": \"Positive self-affirmations are a proactive way you can fill your mind with positive thoughts. You can say them in your head, write them down, or say them out loud. Choose 3 to 5 affirmations and say them when you wake up in the morning and before you go to bed. Here are some affirmations you may want to try:\\n\\\"I love myself completely\\\"\\n\\\"I will embrace my flaws because nobody is perfect.\\\"\\n\\\"I am confident, and I can achieve my goals.\\\"\\n\\\"Beauty comes in many different shapes, sizes, and colors.\\\"\\nI am good enough.\\\"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Improving Your Body Image\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Avoid looking at the media.\", \"描述\": \"Have you ever seen a beautiful woman in a magazine or on television and wished you looked like her? Do you compare what you see in the media to what you see in the mirror? The more you view these images, the more critical you will be of yourself. Try to ban or at least limit the media that you are consuming.\\nWhen you do look at these images, remind yourself that those women have been photo-shopped and manipulated to look a certain way. You may not even recognize those women if you saw them in real life.\\nTry to find positive images in the media that do not focus on how women look. You may find profiles of women who are being praised for their talents, skills, and abilities.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Focus on the things you like about your body.\", \"描述\": \"Your body is going through a lot of changes, and you may not like all of them. However, try to point out the things you like about your body (e.g. your hair, your teeth, your hands, etc.) instead of everything that is wrong with it. Be proud of the things that your body can do as well..\\nFor example, if you are an athlete, focus on how strong your body is and how it allows you to play your sport.\\nIf you are a musician, focus on how your hands allow you to play an instrument well.\\nYou may not be able to change your body, but you you can change the way you feel about your body.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do not say negative things about your body.\", \"描述\": \"Negative self-talk about your body can really hurt your confidence. Try to counter any negative thoughts you have about your body with something more objective. Would you criticize your friend's body the same way you criticize your own body?\\nInstead of saying \\\"my arms are huge and ugly,\\\" say, \\\"my arms could use a little work.\\\"\\nAlso avoid talking negatively about other girls' bodies.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Take pride in your appearance.\", \"描述\": \"Treating your body well from the inside out can help you feel more confident about your looks. Exercising regularly, eating a healthy, well-balanced diet, and wearing clothes that you feel good in can improve your body image. Your appearance is one of the many things that makes you who you are.\\nExercising is also a good way to boost your feel good hormones and improve your mood.\\nAccept the things you cannot change about your body such as your eye color, height, shape, or skin color.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Your confidence can change day by day. You will feel better some days than other days. It is completely normal.\\n\", \"Instead of shutting out negative thoughts and what you dislike about yourself that cannot be changed e.g your height, accept yourself for who you are.\\n\", \"A confident girl exudes charm and beauty, no matter how she looks. Show your personality, be who you are.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,103 |
How to Build Courage
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1. Identifying Your Fears
1-1. Determine your specific fears.
People are often reluctant to admit that they are afraid of something and this may be undermining their confidence and courage. In order to begin building courage, you need to determine your specific fear.
You may not even be aware of your specific fear(s) until you begin to think about what causes you to lack courage.
Write a list of your fears as you figure them out. This may help you to develop a plan to overcome them and build your courage.
This will likely not be an easy exercise because it often causes a person to feel embarrassed or ashamed.
1-2. Figure out the cause of your fears.
The lack of courage, or timidity, often stems from some form of fear that is learned through experience or memory. Identifying the sources of your specific fears can help you to begin taking proactive steps to change this behavior and ultimately gain courage in any situation.
Thinking about specific experiences that may have contributed to your lack of confidence and countering them with positive experiences can help to get you in the proper frame of mind to start building your confidence and courage. For example, perhaps you fear rejection by the opposite sex because someone rejected you once before. To offset this fear, think about situations where the opposite sex has welcomed you.
If you cannot identify a specific experience that is the source of your fear, it may be from a memory or a social fear, such as of the shame of failure. For example, if you’ve never touched a snake, but are afraid of them, this may stem from someone related to you either telling you that snakes are dangerous. You can offset memory fears by actively thinking about when and how these fear may have been realized in the past.
Thinking about your fears and their sources can help you to grow out of them over time. Simply acknowledging your fears may be the only thing you need to overcome them.
1-3. Recognize your courage.
Just as it’s important to identify your fears, you should also recognize that you also possess courage in many situations. Taking the time to acknowledge that you are courageous can help you to figure out how to apply this quality to situations in your life that cause timidity.
Everyone possesses courage in some way, even if it’s “hidden” or seemingly simple. For example, you may be open to moving often to other parts of your country or world, which requires courage not only to start over in new situations but also to take the risk of possible failure.
Recognizing your courage can help you to develop your behavior and begin building courage in every aspect of your life.
1-4. Develop a concrete plan to build your courage.
Once you’ve identified your specific fears and recognized situations where you exhibit courage, develop a concrete plan to work on building your courage. Having an explicit strategy you can follow may help you stay on track if you have setbacks or see your progress over time.
Write out your plan and update it as necessary. Having a tangible list can help motivate you.
For example, if you are afraid of driving alone on a highway, you can develop a plan to help you get used to it until you have the courage to take on the task. Your plan might include the items “ride in the passenger seat on the highway, drive with a friend or family member on major roads, drive alone on major roads, drive with a friend or family member on a highway, drive alone on the highway.”
2. Developing Behaviors that Build Courage
2-1. Script situations that elicit your fears.
Tackling a fear can cause any person to lose confidence and avoid a situation that could otherwise help them build confidence. Employing the behavioral tactic of scripting can help you engage with otherwise scary situations and build courage.
Scripting is a technique where you conceptualize a game plan or “script” for a specific situation and follow through with it. For example, if you are scared of speaking to your boss, write notes and develop a plan that will allow you to have equal command of the meeting. Think about what you could say in response to any questions or contingencies that may arise in your interaction.
2-2. Frame what you fear in simpler terms.
If you’re confronted with something that causes you fear or to lose courage, frame it in simple terms. Framing is a behavioral technique that can help you shape how you think and feel about specific situations by making them seem commonplace or banal.
For example, if you are afraid to swim in the ocean, you can reframe it as “this is just a very large pool and I will stay within this specific area.”
Working with smaller and more manageable units of anything will help build your courage.
2-3. Avoid comparing yourself to others.
Every person is different and comparing yourself to other people can minimize your self-confidence. Focusing on yourself and not comparing yourself to others is essential to building your confidence and courage.
Keep it mind that while some people may possess courage in some situations, you likely possess it in others that they may not. If you get into a situation with someone who has courage in a situation that you don’t, for example if fellow teammate never seems to worry about letting others down and you do, think about something that you excel at that they don’t. Shifting the focus back to your ability can help you to see that you have courage.
Many people may project courage in order to intimidate others. Don’t let another person’s courage or confidence undermine yours.
2-4. Embrace the positive and avoid the negative.
Negative thoughts and attitudes are draining and if you give in to them, they will become stronger and undermine your confidence and courage. Seeking out the positive in any situation will help build your overall courage.
Even in the most fearful situations, there is always some aspect of courage. It might take some time to recognize, but being able to see these courageous aspects in anything will help build your confidence and courage.
2-5. Have confidence and believe in your ability to be courageous.
Two characteristics of a courageous person is that they not only have confidence in themselves, but also that they believe in their ability to succeed and overcome fears. By cultivating and projecting confidence in yourself and to others, you set yourself on the path for building and maintaining courage.
Confidence comes from many sources, including knowing that you have a good education and training, good relationships, or even that you look good. This confidence can help bolster your courage and make you feel more willing to tackle your fears.
It’s important to know that even if you are confident and courageous, that failure is an important part of overcoming fears and growing.
2-6. Take risks
Part of building your courage is taking risks, some of which will be successful and others of which may fail. The ability to take a risk and accept the potential failure can significantly help to boost your confidence and courage in the future.
Simply stepping out of your comfort zone will help to build confidence.
Take calculated risks and move slowly. For example, if you are afraid of heights, start to build your courage in high places slowly. You can climb to a three-meter diving board and look into a pool or take the stairs to the top of a small building. You don’t have to skydive from a plane to tackle your fear of heights and build courage.
Accept that there is going to be failure in any endeavor. Learning to embrace the failure and then move on can help to not undermine your courage and allow you to continue taking calculated risks.
2-7. Use obstacles to your benefit.
Take obstacles that present themselves in your life and turn them into assets. This is another form of taking risks and can help to boost your courage and confidence.
There is a famous story about Nelson Mandela who decided to change South Africa after being told by a tribal elder that his status as a second-class citizen would effectively mean he wasn’t a man. Using Mandela’s model of taking an obstacle and turning it into an asset can help you gain the courage to overcome your hindrances.
For example, perhaps you have an injury that makes it difficult to take part in certain sports. Finding certain ways to modify playing a sport you want can significantly build your courage.
2-8. Take the road less traveled.
Taking the road less traveled not only requires taking risks, but also having the courage to act differently than others. Standing by your convictions, even if they’re unpopular, and taking unconventional paths can help increase your courage.
For example, if you want to set up a school for children in a remote valley of Nepal instead of going to law school like your friends after college graduation, take the steps to follow your dream. It takes significantly more courage to travel your path than to do what society and friends may expect of you.
2-9. Relax and have fun as much as possible.
Being able to relax and have fun in any situation can help you to build courage. Not focusing on the potential for failure and staying positive can help you be successful in any situation, which may lead to greater confidence and courage.
One study showed that positivity in the forms of relaxation and having fun contributes significantly to overcoming situations successfully.
2-10. Keep moving forward.
You’ll occasionally have negative thoughts, which is normal and acceptable, but learn not to dwell on them. By always moving towards the positive, you will be able to change your negative attitude.
Tips
Appearances can be deceptive. Many people project courage and confidence even when they don’t possess it. Learning from these people’s ability to project these feelings can help you build your confidence.
Everyone has courage in some areas and fear in others. Learn to identify and hold onto your own strengths and courage.
Warnings
Don't pretend to be someone you're not. That would be cowardice. Accept yourself and do what it is that you, yourself, truly want to do.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Identifying Your Fears\\n1-1. Determine your specific fears.\\nPeople are often reluctant to admit that they are afraid of something and this may be undermining their confidence and courage. In order to begin building courage, you need to determine your specific fear.\\nYou may not even be aware of your specific fear(s) until you begin to think about what causes you to lack courage.\\nWrite a list of your fears as you figure them out. This may help you to develop a plan to overcome them and build your courage.\\nThis will likely not be an easy exercise because it often causes a person to feel embarrassed or ashamed.\\n1-2. Figure out the cause of your fears.\\nThe lack of courage, or timidity, often stems from some form of fear that is learned through experience or memory. Identifying the sources of your specific fears can help you to begin taking proactive steps to change this behavior and ultimately gain courage in any situation.\\nThinking about specific experiences that may have contributed to your lack of confidence and countering them with positive experiences can help to get you in the proper frame of mind to start building your confidence and courage. For example, perhaps you fear rejection by the opposite sex because someone rejected you once before. To offset this fear, think about situations where the opposite sex has welcomed you.\\nIf you cannot identify a specific experience that is the source of your fear, it may be from a memory or a social fear, such as of the shame of failure. For example, if you’ve never touched a snake, but are afraid of them, this may stem from someone related to you either telling you that snakes are dangerous. You can offset memory fears by actively thinking about when and how these fear may have been realized in the past.\\nThinking about your fears and their sources can help you to grow out of them over time. Simply acknowledging your fears may be the only thing you need to overcome them.\\n1-3. Recognize your courage.\\nJust as it’s important to identify your fears, you should also recognize that you also possess courage in many situations. Taking the time to acknowledge that you are courageous can help you to figure out how to apply this quality to situations in your life that cause timidity.\\nEveryone possesses courage in some way, even if it’s “hidden” or seemingly simple. For example, you may be open to moving often to other parts of your country or world, which requires courage not only to start over in new situations but also to take the risk of possible failure.\\nRecognizing your courage can help you to develop your behavior and begin building courage in every aspect of your life.\\n1-4. Develop a concrete plan to build your courage.\\nOnce you’ve identified your specific fears and recognized situations where you exhibit courage, develop a concrete plan to work on building your courage. Having an explicit strategy you can follow may help you stay on track if you have setbacks or see your progress over time.\\nWrite out your plan and update it as necessary. Having a tangible list can help motivate you.\\nFor example, if you are afraid of driving alone on a highway, you can develop a plan to help you get used to it until you have the courage to take on the task. Your plan might include the items “ride in the passenger seat on the highway, drive with a friend or family member on major roads, drive alone on major roads, drive with a friend or family member on a highway, drive alone on the highway.”\\n2. Developing Behaviors that Build Courage\\n2-1. Script situations that elicit your fears.\\nTackling a fear can cause any person to lose confidence and avoid a situation that could otherwise help them build confidence. Employing the behavioral tactic of scripting can help you engage with otherwise scary situations and build courage.\\nScripting is a technique where you conceptualize a game plan or “script” for a specific situation and follow through with it. For example, if you are scared of speaking to your boss, write notes and develop a plan that will allow you to have equal command of the meeting. Think about what you could say in response to any questions or contingencies that may arise in your interaction.\\n2-2. Frame what you fear in simpler terms.\\nIf you’re confronted with something that causes you fear or to lose courage, frame it in simple terms. Framing is a behavioral technique that can help you shape how you think and feel about specific situations by making them seem commonplace or banal.\\nFor example, if you are afraid to swim in the ocean, you can reframe it as “this is just a very large pool and I will stay within this specific area.”\\nWorking with smaller and more manageable units of anything will help build your courage.\\n2-3. Avoid comparing yourself to others.\\nEvery person is different and comparing yourself to other people can minimize your self-confidence. Focusing on yourself and not comparing yourself to others is essential to building your confidence and courage.\\nKeep it mind that while some people may possess courage in some situations, you likely possess it in others that they may not. If you get into a situation with someone who has courage in a situation that you don’t, for example if fellow teammate never seems to worry about letting others down and you do, think about something that you excel at that they don’t. Shifting the focus back to your ability can help you to see that you have courage.\\nMany people may project courage in order to intimidate others. Don’t let another person’s courage or confidence undermine yours.\\n2-4. Embrace the positive and avoid the negative.\\nNegative thoughts and attitudes are draining and if you give in to them, they will become stronger and undermine your confidence and courage. Seeking out the positive in any situation will help build your overall courage.\\nEven in the most fearful situations, there is always some aspect of courage. It might take some time to recognize, but being able to see these courageous aspects in anything will help build your confidence and courage.\\n2-5. Have confidence and believe in your ability to be courageous.\\nTwo characteristics of a courageous person is that they not only have confidence in themselves, but also that they believe in their ability to succeed and overcome fears. By cultivating and projecting confidence in yourself and to others, you set yourself on the path for building and maintaining courage.\\nConfidence comes from many sources, including knowing that you have a good education and training, good relationships, or even that you look good. This confidence can help bolster your courage and make you feel more willing to tackle your fears.\\nIt’s important to know that even if you are confident and courageous, that failure is an important part of overcoming fears and growing.\\n2-6. Take risks\\nPart of building your courage is taking risks, some of which will be successful and others of which may fail. The ability to take a risk and accept the potential failure can significantly help to boost your confidence and courage in the future.\\nSimply stepping out of your comfort zone will help to build confidence.\\nTake calculated risks and move slowly. For example, if you are afraid of heights, start to build your courage in high places slowly. You can climb to a three-meter diving board and look into a pool or take the stairs to the top of a small building. You don’t have to skydive from a plane to tackle your fear of heights and build courage.\\nAccept that there is going to be failure in any endeavor. Learning to embrace the failure and then move on can help to not undermine your courage and allow you to continue taking calculated risks.\\n2-7. Use obstacles to your benefit.\\nTake obstacles that present themselves in your life and turn them into assets. This is another form of taking risks and can help to boost your courage and confidence.\\nThere is a famous story about Nelson Mandela who decided to change South Africa after being told by a tribal elder that his status as a second-class citizen would effectively mean he wasn’t a man. Using Mandela’s model of taking an obstacle and turning it into an asset can help you gain the courage to overcome your hindrances.\\nFor example, perhaps you have an injury that makes it difficult to take part in certain sports. Finding certain ways to modify playing a sport you want can significantly build your courage.\\n2-8. Take the road less traveled.\\nTaking the road less traveled not only requires taking risks, but also having the courage to act differently than others. Standing by your convictions, even if they’re unpopular, and taking unconventional paths can help increase your courage.\\nFor example, if you want to set up a school for children in a remote valley of Nepal instead of going to law school like your friends after college graduation, take the steps to follow your dream. It takes significantly more courage to travel your path than to do what society and friends may expect of you.\\n2-9. Relax and have fun as much as possible.\\nBeing able to relax and have fun in any situation can help you to build courage. Not focusing on the potential for failure and staying positive can help you be successful in any situation, which may lead to greater confidence and courage.\\nOne study showed that positivity in the forms of relaxation and having fun contributes significantly to overcoming situations successfully.\\n2-10. Keep moving forward.\\nYou’ll occasionally have negative thoughts, which is normal and acceptable, but learn not to dwell on them. By always moving towards the positive, you will be able to change your negative attitude.\\nTips\\nAppearances can be deceptive. Many people project courage and confidence even when they don’t possess it. Learning from these people’s ability to project these feelings can help you build your confidence.\\nEveryone has courage in some areas and fear in others. Learn to identify and hold onto your own strengths and courage.\\nWarnings\\nDon't pretend to be someone you're not. That would be cowardice. Accept yourself and do what it is that you, yourself, truly want to do.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Courage is a personality trait that everyone possesses but it sometimes falters because of bad experiences or memories. Having courage is necessary to succeed in many situations in life from meeting the opposite sex to doing your job. But by identifying the source of any lack of courage and actively changing your behaviors, you can build confidence in any aspect of your life.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Identifying Your Fears\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determine your specific fears.\", \"描述\": \"People are often reluctant to admit that they are afraid of something and this may be undermining their confidence and courage. In order to begin building courage, you need to determine your specific fear.\\nYou may not even be aware of your specific fear(s) until you begin to think about what causes you to lack courage.\\nWrite a list of your fears as you figure them out. This may help you to develop a plan to overcome them and build your courage.\\nThis will likely not be an easy exercise because it often causes a person to feel embarrassed or ashamed.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Figure out the cause of your fears.\", \"描述\": \"The lack of courage, or timidity, often stems from some form of fear that is learned through experience or memory. Identifying the sources of your specific fears can help you to begin taking proactive steps to change this behavior and ultimately gain courage in any situation.\\nThinking about specific experiences that may have contributed to your lack of confidence and countering them with positive experiences can help to get you in the proper frame of mind to start building your confidence and courage. For example, perhaps you fear rejection by the opposite sex because someone rejected you once before. To offset this fear, think about situations where the opposite sex has welcomed you.\\nIf you cannot identify a specific experience that is the source of your fear, it may be from a memory or a social fear, such as of the shame of failure. For example, if you’ve never touched a snake, but are afraid of them, this may stem from someone related to you either telling you that snakes are dangerous. You can offset memory fears by actively thinking about when and how these fear may have been realized in the past.\\nThinking about your fears and their sources can help you to grow out of them over time. Simply acknowledging your fears may be the only thing you need to overcome them.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Recognize your courage.\", \"描述\": \"Just as it’s important to identify your fears, you should also recognize that you also possess courage in many situations. Taking the time to acknowledge that you are courageous can help you to figure out how to apply this quality to situations in your life that cause timidity.\\nEveryone possesses courage in some way, even if it’s “hidden” or seemingly simple. For example, you may be open to moving often to other parts of your country or world, which requires courage not only to start over in new situations but also to take the risk of possible failure.\\nRecognizing your courage can help you to develop your behavior and begin building courage in every aspect of your life.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Develop a concrete plan to build your courage.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve identified your specific fears and recognized situations where you exhibit courage, develop a concrete plan to work on building your courage. Having an explicit strategy you can follow may help you stay on track if you have setbacks or see your progress over time.\\nWrite out your plan and update it as necessary. Having a tangible list can help motivate you.\\nFor example, if you are afraid of driving alone on a highway, you can develop a plan to help you get used to it until you have the courage to take on the task. Your plan might include the items “ride in the passenger seat on the highway, drive with a friend or family member on major roads, drive alone on major roads, drive with a friend or family member on a highway, drive alone on the highway.”\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Developing Behaviors that Build Courage\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Script situations that elicit your fears.\", \"描述\": \"Tackling a fear can cause any person to lose confidence and avoid a situation that could otherwise help them build confidence. Employing the behavioral tactic of scripting can help you engage with otherwise scary situations and build courage.\\nScripting is a technique where you conceptualize a game plan or “script” for a specific situation and follow through with it. For example, if you are scared of speaking to your boss, write notes and develop a plan that will allow you to have equal command of the meeting. Think about what you could say in response to any questions or contingencies that may arise in your interaction.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Frame what you fear in simpler terms.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re confronted with something that causes you fear or to lose courage, frame it in simple terms. Framing is a behavioral technique that can help you shape how you think and feel about specific situations by making them seem commonplace or banal.\\nFor example, if you are afraid to swim in the ocean, you can reframe it as “this is just a very large pool and I will stay within this specific area.”\\nWorking with smaller and more manageable units of anything will help build your courage.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Avoid comparing yourself to others.\", \"描述\": \"Every person is different and comparing yourself to other people can minimize your self-confidence. Focusing on yourself and not comparing yourself to others is essential to building your confidence and courage.\\nKeep it mind that while some people may possess courage in some situations, you likely possess it in others that they may not. If you get into a situation with someone who has courage in a situation that you don’t, for example if fellow teammate never seems to worry about letting others down and you do, think about something that you excel at that they don’t. Shifting the focus back to your ability can help you to see that you have courage.\\nMany people may project courage in order to intimidate others. Don’t let another person’s courage or confidence undermine yours.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Embrace the positive and avoid the negative.\", \"描述\": \"Negative thoughts and attitudes are draining and if you give in to them, they will become stronger and undermine your confidence and courage. Seeking out the positive in any situation will help build your overall courage.\\nEven in the most fearful situations, there is always some aspect of courage. It might take some time to recognize, but being able to see these courageous aspects in anything will help build your confidence and courage.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Have confidence and believe in your ability to be courageous.\", \"描述\": \"Two characteristics of a courageous person is that they not only have confidence in themselves, but also that they believe in their ability to succeed and overcome fears. By cultivating and projecting confidence in yourself and to others, you set yourself on the path for building and maintaining courage.\\nConfidence comes from many sources, including knowing that you have a good education and training, good relationships, or even that you look good. This confidence can help bolster your courage and make you feel more willing to tackle your fears.\\nIt’s important to know that even if you are confident and courageous, that failure is an important part of overcoming fears and growing.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Take risks\", \"描述\": \"Part of building your courage is taking risks, some of which will be successful and others of which may fail. The ability to take a risk and accept the potential failure can significantly help to boost your confidence and courage in the future.\\nSimply stepping out of your comfort zone will help to build confidence.\\nTake calculated risks and move slowly. For example, if you are afraid of heights, start to build your courage in high places slowly. You can climb to a three-meter diving board and look into a pool or take the stairs to the top of a small building. You don’t have to skydive from a plane to tackle your fear of heights and build courage.\\nAccept that there is going to be failure in any endeavor. Learning to embrace the failure and then move on can help to not undermine your courage and allow you to continue taking calculated risks.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Use obstacles to your benefit.\", \"描述\": \"Take obstacles that present themselves in your life and turn them into assets. This is another form of taking risks and can help to boost your courage and confidence.\\nThere is a famous story about Nelson Mandela who decided to change South Africa after being told by a tribal elder that his status as a second-class citizen would effectively mean he wasn’t a man. Using Mandela’s model of taking an obstacle and turning it into an asset can help you gain the courage to overcome your hindrances.\\nFor example, perhaps you have an injury that makes it difficult to take part in certain sports. Finding certain ways to modify playing a sport you want can significantly build your courage.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Take the road less traveled.\", \"描述\": \"Taking the road less traveled not only requires taking risks, but also having the courage to act differently than others. Standing by your convictions, even if they’re unpopular, and taking unconventional paths can help increase your courage.\\nFor example, if you want to set up a school for children in a remote valley of Nepal instead of going to law school like your friends after college graduation, take the steps to follow your dream. It takes significantly more courage to travel your path than to do what society and friends may expect of you.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Relax and have fun as much as possible.\", \"描述\": \"Being able to relax and have fun in any situation can help you to build courage. Not focusing on the potential for failure and staying positive can help you be successful in any situation, which may lead to greater confidence and courage.\\nOne study showed that positivity in the forms of relaxation and having fun contributes significantly to overcoming situations successfully.\"}, {\"编号\": 10, \"标题\": \"Keep moving forward.\", \"描述\": \"You’ll occasionally have negative thoughts, which is normal and acceptable, but learn not to dwell on them. By always moving towards the positive, you will be able to change your negative attitude.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Appearances can be deceptive. Many people project courage and confidence even when they don’t possess it. Learning from these people’s ability to project these feelings can help you build your confidence.\\n\", \"Everyone has courage in some areas and fear in others. Learn to identify and hold onto your own strengths and courage.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Don't pretend to be someone you're not. That would be cowardice. Accept yourself and do what it is that you, yourself, truly want to do.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
wikihow
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7,104 |
How to Build Deck Stairs
|
1. Calculating the Stair Measurements
1-1. Check your local building codes regarding deck stairs.
Before you begin purchasing materials and building your deck stairs, you need to go online, call your local government, or contact a building inspector to make sure you’re following your local building codes. Building codes can vary, so you need to be sure you’re following your local codes or you could face a fine and be forced to remove your deck stairs.
Many local governments list their building codes online.
Note that "riser height" is defined as the height from the top of one tread to the top of the next.
Stairs with more than 1 step will probably also be required to include a handrail on both sides of the stairs. Open stairs, and the deck they serve, rising over 30 inches may also need guards on any open sides above the point 30 inches high.
1-2. Check if you can use pre-cut stringers.
Handyman suggests "stopping by a home center or builders' supply store, which both sell pre-cut stringers that are cut to standard dimensions. Using these is the best option unless you need the stairway to be steeper because there is not enough space on the ground."
Measure the approximate height of the stairway you will build and the maximum space you can use on the ground.
Check the pre-cut stringers at the store and measure their height and length. If they are longer than you need, you can cut them to size.
To cut a stringer to size, cut it so the bottom step is not as high as the others. It can be much less high.
1-3. Imagine a 40-degree slope to find the landing zone of your stairs.
The first thing you need to do is find where your stairs will end, or where the landing spot will be. Picture a line running from the edge of your deck down to the ground at a 40-degree angle. Place a tape measure on the ground where you think the stairs will end. It does not have to be measured precisely.
The 40-degree slope should start the bottom of the support beam of the deck because this is where the stringers will be attached.
1-4. Rest a straight board on the deck and make it level over the landing spot.
Handyman Walter Brant advises "laying a long, straight board on the deck, extending to directly above where the bottom of the stairs will be (the landing spot). Then, set a large level on the board to check that it is level." Brant also suggests to "level the board with shims if it slopes upward toward the landing spot. If the board slopes downward, still level it with shims but also measure from the ground to the board to see how much this raised the end above the landing spot."
Write down the measurements so you can calculate the materials later.
1-5. Divide the total rise by 7 to find the number of 7 in (18 cm) steps.
Take the measurement you made of the total rise, divide it by 7, and round the number to find the total number of stairs you’ll need for your deck. Round this number up or down to the closest whole number to find the number of steps.
For example, if your total rise was 60 inches (150 cm), then divide that number by 7 to get 8.57. Round that number up to get 9, and use 9 steps.
Write down this number to use in your calculations.
1-6. Find the rise of each step by dividing the total rise by the number of steps.
The rise, or height, of each step can be calculated by dividing the total rise by the approximate number of stairs—this will tell you how tall each step will be. According to handyman Walter Brant, "Typical building codes require that stair risers should be no taller than 7.75 inches (19.7 cm). This is the height of each notch in the riser."
For example, if your total rise is 60 inches (150 cm) and your approximate number of steps is 9, divide 60 inches (150 cm) by 9 to get 6.67 inches (16.9 cm) per step.
1-7. Use tread boards that are at least 10 inches (25 cm) wide (deep).
The treads boards create the part of the stair that you step on. According to many building codes, the stair treads should be at least 36 inches (91 cm) long (width of stairs) 10 inches (25 cm) deep.
The number of steps you calculated is the number of treads that you’ll need.
1-8. Find the length of the staircase by calculating the length of the stringers.
Stringers are boards that have sawtoothed or stair-shaped notches cut into them and run diagonally along the length of the stairs to support them. To find their length, add together the square of the run, or tread, and the square of the rise. Then take that number, find the square root, and multiply it by the number of steps to find the actual length of the stringers you’ll need.
For example, if your tread is 10 inches (25 cm), square 10 by multiplying the number by itself, which gives you 100. If your rise is 7 inches (18 cm), square that number by multiplying it by itself to get 49. Add 100 to 49 to get 149, then find the square root of 149, which is 12.206. Multiply that by the number of steps that you have to find the total length of your stringers.
2. Making the Stringers
2-1. Cut custom stringers out of 2 in (5.1 cm) by 12 in (30 cm) boards.
The stringers are what you’ll attach your treads and risers to, and it’s often difficult or impossible to find pre-fabricated stringers that will fit your deck stairs. You’ll need to cut your own.
Most building codes stipulate that the stair stringers can’t have notches (saw-toothed or stair-shaped cuts) that are deeper than half the width of the board, or the stringer will be too weak.
2-2. Use a framing square to mark a sawtoothed pattern as cutting guidelines.
Set your framing square to the height of the riser and width of the stair tread and use a carpenter’s pencil to trace along the edges of the framing square to form a sawtooth pattern of steps onto a 2 in (5.1 cm) by 12 in (30 cm) board. Lay the square on the board and mark the lines, then slide the square down and align it with the previous mark before adding the next ones.
Draw all of your cuttings lines onto the wood first, then check and recheck your measurements before you make any cuts.
The sawtooth or stair-shaped pattern should match the rise and tread measurements.
2-3. Cut the notches into the board using a circular saw.
Let the blade come to full speed before you cut the wood and cut the saw-tooth notches out by following the guidelines you marked. Don’t cut all the way through the guidelines.
Be careful when operating a circular saw. Wear safety goggles to prevent sawdust from entering your eyes.
2-4. Finish the notch cuts with a handsaw.
The circular saw will cut most of the notch out, but you’ll need to use a handsaw to finish up the cuts without sawing beyond the cut lines. Fit the handsaw into the cut lines and use a back and forth motion to finish the cuts.
Take care not to cut past the guidelines you marked or it could weaken the stringers.
2-5. Repeat the process to cut another stringer.
You need at least 2 stringers to support your deck stairs, so use the same measurements and mark a 2 in (5.1 cm) by 12 in (30 cm) board to be cut. Use the circular saw to cut the notches and finish the cuts with a hand saw to separate another stringer from the board. It should be the exact same measurements and cuts as your first stringer.
Use the first stringer you cut as a template for the next two.
If you're building the stairs on a surface that isn't level, your stringers may all 3 need to be slightly different lengths. Start by cutting the shortest one, then make the other two slightly longer on the bottom. Avoid using shims to adjust the stringers—they could fall out.
Measure, mark and cut with precision; the limit for differences between tread depths or riser heights is 3/16 per stair and 3/8 total for a flight of stairs.
3. Finishing the Deck Stairs
3-1. Screw each stringer to the bottom of the deck frame with a drill.
Use L-brackets and 3 in (7.6 cm) deck screws to attach the stringers to your deck. Place the top of the stringer against the bottom of the frame of the deck and screw an L-bracket on each side of the stringer to connect it to the deck.
After you’ve attached the first stringer, connect the second stringer to the deck by following the same process.
Use 6 in (15 cm)-long corner braces on the two inside corners—look for the ones labeled "braces for stringers," as they're heavier steel than most braces.
For extra strength, screw several 3 ⁄2 in (8.9 cm) framing and decking screws diagonally through the stinger into the deck.
3-2. Cut the risers to the length of the top of the stringer.
Set a riser against the edges of the stringers facing out and use a ruler and pencil to mark cutting guidelines where the riser needs to be trimmed to fit. Use a circular saw to trim the riser, cutting along the guidelines until you cut through the whole board. Repeat the process until all of the risers have been cut to size.
Use the first riser that you cut to make your guidelines on the rest of the boards so you have a uniform length.
3-3. Attach the risers with 3 in (7.6 cm) deck screws.
Place the risers against the edges of the stringers facing out from the staircase. Use a drill to drive the 3 in (7.6 cm) deck screws through the risers and into the edge of stringers where they connect until all of the screw is in the wood.
Use at least 2 deck screws to firmly secure the riser to the stringer.
Don’t drill too far into the wood or it could crack.
3-4. Trim the treads and drill them onto the stringers.
Once you’ve attached the risers, take your 1.5 in (3.8 cm) by 10 in (25 cm) tread boards and cut them to 36 inches (91 cm) in length. Then, lay them across the stringers facing up. Use 3 in (7.6 cm) deck screws to attach the treads to the stringers by drilling through the tread boards and into the edges of the stringers where they connect.
Use at least 2 deck screws to attach the tread boards.
3-5. Add any necessary handrails and guards and call the local officials for any necessary inspection of your completed stairs.
Tips
For the longest-lasting results, buy high-quality lumber from a builders' supply store. Home centers carry lower-grade lumber, which may not last as long and could warp.[21]
X
Expert Source
Walter BrantHandyman
Expert Interview. 2 September 2020.
Warnings
Be careful when operating drills and saws. Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Calculating the Stair Measurements\\n1-1. Check your local building codes regarding deck stairs.\\nBefore you begin purchasing materials and building your deck stairs, you need to go online, call your local government, or contact a building inspector to make sure you’re following your local building codes. Building codes can vary, so you need to be sure you’re following your local codes or you could face a fine and be forced to remove your deck stairs.\\nMany local governments list their building codes online.\\nNote that \\\"riser height\\\" is defined as the height from the top of one tread to the top of the next.\\nStairs with more than 1 step will probably also be required to include a handrail on both sides of the stairs. Open stairs, and the deck they serve, rising over 30 inches may also need guards on any open sides above the point 30 inches high.\\n1-2. Check if you can use pre-cut stringers.\\nHandyman suggests \\\"stopping by a home center or builders' supply store, which both sell pre-cut stringers that are cut to standard dimensions. Using these is the best option unless you need the stairway to be steeper because there is not enough space on the ground.\\\"\\nMeasure the approximate height of the stairway you will build and the maximum space you can use on the ground.\\nCheck the pre-cut stringers at the store and measure their height and length. If they are longer than you need, you can cut them to size.\\nTo cut a stringer to size, cut it so the bottom step is not as high as the others. It can be much less high.\\n1-3. Imagine a 40-degree slope to find the landing zone of your stairs.\\nThe first thing you need to do is find where your stairs will end, or where the landing spot will be. Picture a line running from the edge of your deck down to the ground at a 40-degree angle. Place a tape measure on the ground where you think the stairs will end. It does not have to be measured precisely.\\nThe 40-degree slope should start the bottom of the support beam of the deck because this is where the stringers will be attached.\\n1-4. Rest a straight board on the deck and make it level over the landing spot.\\nHandyman Walter Brant advises \\\"laying a long, straight board on the deck, extending to directly above where the bottom of the stairs will be (the landing spot). Then, set a large level on the board to check that it is level.\\\" Brant also suggests to \\\"level the board with shims if it slopes upward toward the landing spot. If the board slopes downward, still level it with shims but also measure from the ground to the board to see how much this raised the end above the landing spot.\\\"\\nWrite down the measurements so you can calculate the materials later.\\n1-5. Divide the total rise by 7 to find the number of 7 in (18 cm) steps.\\nTake the measurement you made of the total rise, divide it by 7, and round the number to find the total number of stairs you’ll need for your deck. Round this number up or down to the closest whole number to find the number of steps.\\nFor example, if your total rise was 60 inches (150 cm), then divide that number by 7 to get 8.57. Round that number up to get 9, and use 9 steps.\\nWrite down this number to use in your calculations.\\n1-6. Find the rise of each step by dividing the total rise by the number of steps.\\nThe rise, or height, of each step can be calculated by dividing the total rise by the approximate number of stairs—this will tell you how tall each step will be. According to handyman Walter Brant, \\\"Typical building codes require that stair risers should be no taller than 7.75 inches (19.7 cm). This is the height of each notch in the riser.\\\"\\nFor example, if your total rise is 60 inches (150 cm) and your approximate number of steps is 9, divide 60 inches (150 cm) by 9 to get 6.67 inches (16.9 cm) per step.\\n1-7. Use tread boards that are at least 10 inches (25 cm) wide (deep).\\nThe treads boards create the part of the stair that you step on. According to many building codes, the stair treads should be at least 36 inches (91 cm) long (width of stairs) 10 inches (25 cm) deep.\\nThe number of steps you calculated is the number of treads that you’ll need.\\n1-8. Find the length of the staircase by calculating the length of the stringers.\\nStringers are boards that have sawtoothed or stair-shaped notches cut into them and run diagonally along the length of the stairs to support them. To find their length, add together the square of the run, or tread, and the square of the rise. Then take that number, find the square root, and multiply it by the number of steps to find the actual length of the stringers you’ll need.\\nFor example, if your tread is 10 inches (25 cm), square 10 by multiplying the number by itself, which gives you 100. If your rise is 7 inches (18 cm), square that number by multiplying it by itself to get 49. Add 100 to 49 to get 149, then find the square root of 149, which is 12.206. Multiply that by the number of steps that you have to find the total length of your stringers.\\n2. Making the Stringers\\n2-1. Cut custom stringers out of 2 in (5.1 cm) by 12 in (30 cm) boards.\\nThe stringers are what you’ll attach your treads and risers to, and it’s often difficult or impossible to find pre-fabricated stringers that will fit your deck stairs. You’ll need to cut your own.\\nMost building codes stipulate that the stair stringers can’t have notches (saw-toothed or stair-shaped cuts) that are deeper than half the width of the board, or the stringer will be too weak.\\n2-2. Use a framing square to mark a sawtoothed pattern as cutting guidelines.\\nSet your framing square to the height of the riser and width of the stair tread and use a carpenter’s pencil to trace along the edges of the framing square to form a sawtooth pattern of steps onto a 2 in (5.1 cm) by 12 in (30 cm) board. Lay the square on the board and mark the lines, then slide the square down and align it with the previous mark before adding the next ones.\\nDraw all of your cuttings lines onto the wood first, then check and recheck your measurements before you make any cuts.\\nThe sawtooth or stair-shaped pattern should match the rise and tread measurements.\\n2-3. Cut the notches into the board using a circular saw.\\nLet the blade come to full speed before you cut the wood and cut the saw-tooth notches out by following the guidelines you marked. Don’t cut all the way through the guidelines.\\nBe careful when operating a circular saw. Wear safety goggles to prevent sawdust from entering your eyes.\\n2-4. Finish the notch cuts with a handsaw.\\nThe circular saw will cut most of the notch out, but you’ll need to use a handsaw to finish up the cuts without sawing beyond the cut lines. Fit the handsaw into the cut lines and use a back and forth motion to finish the cuts.\\nTake care not to cut past the guidelines you marked or it could weaken the stringers.\\n2-5. Repeat the process to cut another stringer.\\nYou need at least 2 stringers to support your deck stairs, so use the same measurements and mark a 2 in (5.1 cm) by 12 in (30 cm) board to be cut. Use the circular saw to cut the notches and finish the cuts with a hand saw to separate another stringer from the board. It should be the exact same measurements and cuts as your first stringer.\\nUse the first stringer you cut as a template for the next two.\\nIf you're building the stairs on a surface that isn't level, your stringers may all 3 need to be slightly different lengths. Start by cutting the shortest one, then make the other two slightly longer on the bottom. Avoid using shims to adjust the stringers—they could fall out.\\nMeasure, mark and cut with precision; the limit for differences between tread depths or riser heights is 3/16 per stair and 3/8 total for a flight of stairs.\\n3. Finishing the Deck Stairs\\n3-1. Screw each stringer to the bottom of the deck frame with a drill.\\nUse L-brackets and 3 in (7.6 cm) deck screws to attach the stringers to your deck. Place the top of the stringer against the bottom of the frame of the deck and screw an L-bracket on each side of the stringer to connect it to the deck.\\nAfter you’ve attached the first stringer, connect the second stringer to the deck by following the same process.\\nUse 6 in (15 cm)-long corner braces on the two inside corners—look for the ones labeled \\\"braces for stringers,\\\" as they're heavier steel than most braces.\\nFor extra strength, screw several 3 ⁄2 in (8.9 cm) framing and decking screws diagonally through the stinger into the deck.\\n3-2. Cut the risers to the length of the top of the stringer.\\nSet a riser against the edges of the stringers facing out and use a ruler and pencil to mark cutting guidelines where the riser needs to be trimmed to fit. Use a circular saw to trim the riser, cutting along the guidelines until you cut through the whole board. Repeat the process until all of the risers have been cut to size.\\nUse the first riser that you cut to make your guidelines on the rest of the boards so you have a uniform length.\\n3-3. Attach the risers with 3 in (7.6 cm) deck screws.\\nPlace the risers against the edges of the stringers facing out from the staircase. Use a drill to drive the 3 in (7.6 cm) deck screws through the risers and into the edge of stringers where they connect until all of the screw is in the wood.\\nUse at least 2 deck screws to firmly secure the riser to the stringer.\\nDon’t drill too far into the wood or it could crack.\\n3-4. Trim the treads and drill them onto the stringers.\\nOnce you’ve attached the risers, take your 1.5 in (3.8 cm) by 10 in (25 cm) tread boards and cut them to 36 inches (91 cm) in length. Then, lay them across the stringers facing up. Use 3 in (7.6 cm) deck screws to attach the treads to the stringers by drilling through the tread boards and into the edges of the stringers where they connect.\\nUse at least 2 deck screws to attach the tread boards.\\n3-5. Add any necessary handrails and guards and call the local officials for any necessary inspection of your completed stairs.\\n\\nTips\\nFor the longest-lasting results, buy high-quality lumber from a builders' supply store. Home centers carry lower-grade lumber, which may not last as long and could warp.[21]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nWalter BrantHandyman\\nExpert Interview. 2 September 2020.\\nWarnings\\nBe careful when operating drills and saws. Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Building your own deck stairs might seem complicated, but it doesn't have to be! First, take careful measurements so you know exactly how many stairs you'll need to build. Then, frame out your deck and either purchase or build stringers, which are the part of the stairs that the treads and risers will attach to. Finally, add the risers, then the treads—then just sit back and enjoy your outdoor space!\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Calculating the Stair Measurements\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Check your local building codes regarding deck stairs.\", \"描述\": \"Before you begin purchasing materials and building your deck stairs, you need to go online, call your local government, or contact a building inspector to make sure you’re following your local building codes. Building codes can vary, so you need to be sure you’re following your local codes or you could face a fine and be forced to remove your deck stairs.\\nMany local governments list their building codes online.\\nNote that \\\"riser height\\\" is defined as the height from the top of one tread to the top of the next.\\nStairs with more than 1 step will probably also be required to include a handrail on both sides of the stairs. Open stairs, and the deck they serve, rising over 30 inches may also need guards on any open sides above the point 30 inches high.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Check if you can use pre-cut stringers.\", \"描述\": \"Handyman suggests \\\"stopping by a home center or builders' supply store, which both sell pre-cut stringers that are cut to standard dimensions. Using these is the best option unless you need the stairway to be steeper because there is not enough space on the ground.\\\"\\nMeasure the approximate height of the stairway you will build and the maximum space you can use on the ground.\\nCheck the pre-cut stringers at the store and measure their height and length. If they are longer than you need, you can cut them to size.\\nTo cut a stringer to size, cut it so the bottom step is not as high as the others. It can be much less high.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Imagine a 40-degree slope to find the landing zone of your stairs.\", \"描述\": \"The first thing you need to do is find where your stairs will end, or where the landing spot will be. Picture a line running from the edge of your deck down to the ground at a 40-degree angle. Place a tape measure on the ground where you think the stairs will end. It does not have to be measured precisely.\\nThe 40-degree slope should start the bottom of the support beam of the deck because this is where the stringers will be attached.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Rest a straight board on the deck and make it level over the landing spot.\", \"描述\": \"Handyman Walter Brant advises \\\"laying a long, straight board on the deck, extending to directly above where the bottom of the stairs will be (the landing spot). Then, set a large level on the board to check that it is level.\\\" Brant also suggests to \\\"level the board with shims if it slopes upward toward the landing spot. If the board slopes downward, still level it with shims but also measure from the ground to the board to see how much this raised the end above the landing spot.\\\"\\nWrite down the measurements so you can calculate the materials later.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Divide the total rise by 7 to find the number of 7 in (18 cm) steps.\", \"描述\": \"Take the measurement you made of the total rise, divide it by 7, and round the number to find the total number of stairs you’ll need for your deck. Round this number up or down to the closest whole number to find the number of steps.\\nFor example, if your total rise was 60 inches (150 cm), then divide that number by 7 to get 8.57. Round that number up to get 9, and use 9 steps.\\nWrite down this number to use in your calculations.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Find the rise of each step by dividing the total rise by the number of steps.\", \"描述\": \"The rise, or height, of each step can be calculated by dividing the total rise by the approximate number of stairs—this will tell you how tall each step will be. According to handyman Walter Brant, \\\"Typical building codes require that stair risers should be no taller than 7.75 inches (19.7 cm). This is the height of each notch in the riser.\\\"\\nFor example, if your total rise is 60 inches (150 cm) and your approximate number of steps is 9, divide 60 inches (150 cm) by 9 to get 6.67 inches (16.9 cm) per step.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Use tread boards that are at least 10 inches (25 cm) wide (deep).\", \"描述\": \"The treads boards create the part of the stair that you step on. According to many building codes, the stair treads should be at least 36 inches (91 cm) long (width of stairs) 10 inches (25 cm) deep.\\nThe number of steps you calculated is the number of treads that you’ll need.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Find the length of the staircase by calculating the length of the stringers.\", \"描述\": \"Stringers are boards that have sawtoothed or stair-shaped notches cut into them and run diagonally along the length of the stairs to support them. To find their length, add together the square of the run, or tread, and the square of the rise. Then take that number, find the square root, and multiply it by the number of steps to find the actual length of the stringers you’ll need.\\nFor example, if your tread is 10 inches (25 cm), square 10 by multiplying the number by itself, which gives you 100. If your rise is 7 inches (18 cm), square that number by multiplying it by itself to get 49. Add 100 to 49 to get 149, then find the square root of 149, which is 12.206. Multiply that by the number of steps that you have to find the total length of your stringers.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Making the Stringers\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cut custom stringers out of 2 in (5.1 cm) by 12 in (30 cm) boards.\", \"描述\": \"The stringers are what you’ll attach your treads and risers to, and it’s often difficult or impossible to find pre-fabricated stringers that will fit your deck stairs. You’ll need to cut your own.\\nMost building codes stipulate that the stair stringers can’t have notches (saw-toothed or stair-shaped cuts) that are deeper than half the width of the board, or the stringer will be too weak.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use a framing square to mark a sawtoothed pattern as cutting guidelines.\", \"描述\": \"Set your framing square to the height of the riser and width of the stair tread and use a carpenter’s pencil to trace along the edges of the framing square to form a sawtooth pattern of steps onto a 2 in (5.1 cm) by 12 in (30 cm) board. Lay the square on the board and mark the lines, then slide the square down and align it with the previous mark before adding the next ones.\\nDraw all of your cuttings lines onto the wood first, then check and recheck your measurements before you make any cuts.\\nThe sawtooth or stair-shaped pattern should match the rise and tread measurements.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cut the notches into the board using a circular saw.\", \"描述\": \"Let the blade come to full speed before you cut the wood and cut the saw-tooth notches out by following the guidelines you marked. Don’t cut all the way through the guidelines.\\nBe careful when operating a circular saw. Wear safety goggles to prevent sawdust from entering your eyes.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Finish the notch cuts with a handsaw.\", \"描述\": \"The circular saw will cut most of the notch out, but you’ll need to use a handsaw to finish up the cuts without sawing beyond the cut lines. Fit the handsaw into the cut lines and use a back and forth motion to finish the cuts.\\nTake care not to cut past the guidelines you marked or it could weaken the stringers.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Repeat the process to cut another stringer.\", \"描述\": \"You need at least 2 stringers to support your deck stairs, so use the same measurements and mark a 2 in (5.1 cm) by 12 in (30 cm) board to be cut. Use the circular saw to cut the notches and finish the cuts with a hand saw to separate another stringer from the board. It should be the exact same measurements and cuts as your first stringer.\\nUse the first stringer you cut as a template for the next two.\\nIf you're building the stairs on a surface that isn't level, your stringers may all 3 need to be slightly different lengths. Start by cutting the shortest one, then make the other two slightly longer on the bottom. Avoid using shims to adjust the stringers—they could fall out.\\nMeasure, mark and cut with precision; the limit for differences between tread depths or riser heights is 3/16 per stair and 3/8 total for a flight of stairs.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finishing the Deck Stairs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Screw each stringer to the bottom of the deck frame with a drill.\", \"描述\": \"Use L-brackets and 3 in (7.6 cm) deck screws to attach the stringers to your deck. Place the top of the stringer against the bottom of the frame of the deck and screw an L-bracket on each side of the stringer to connect it to the deck.\\nAfter you’ve attached the first stringer, connect the second stringer to the deck by following the same process.\\nUse 6 in (15 cm)-long corner braces on the two inside corners—look for the ones labeled \\\"braces for stringers,\\\" as they're heavier steel than most braces.\\nFor extra strength, screw several 3 ⁄2 in (8.9 cm) framing and decking screws diagonally through the stinger into the deck.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cut the risers to the length of the top of the stringer.\", \"描述\": \"Set a riser against the edges of the stringers facing out and use a ruler and pencil to mark cutting guidelines where the riser needs to be trimmed to fit. Use a circular saw to trim the riser, cutting along the guidelines until you cut through the whole board. Repeat the process until all of the risers have been cut to size.\\nUse the first riser that you cut to make your guidelines on the rest of the boards so you have a uniform length.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attach the risers with 3 in (7.6 cm) deck screws.\", \"描述\": \"Place the risers against the edges of the stringers facing out from the staircase. Use a drill to drive the 3 in (7.6 cm) deck screws through the risers and into the edge of stringers where they connect until all of the screw is in the wood.\\nUse at least 2 deck screws to firmly secure the riser to the stringer.\\nDon’t drill too far into the wood or it could crack.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Trim the treads and drill them onto the stringers.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve attached the risers, take your 1.5 in (3.8 cm) by 10 in (25 cm) tread boards and cut them to 36 inches (91 cm) in length. Then, lay them across the stringers facing up. Use 3 in (7.6 cm) deck screws to attach the treads to the stringers by drilling through the tread boards and into the edges of the stringers where they connect.\\nUse at least 2 deck screws to attach the tread boards.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Add any necessary handrails and guards and call the local officials for any necessary inspection of your completed stairs.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"For the longest-lasting results, buy high-quality lumber from a builders' supply store. Home centers carry lower-grade lumber, which may not last as long and could warp.[21]\\nX\\nExpert Source\\n\\nWalter BrantHandyman\\nExpert Interview. 2 September 2020.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Be careful when operating drills and saws. Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,105 |
How to Build Delts
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1. Activating Your Front Delts
1-1. Work out your front delts by doing overhead dumbbell presses.
The overhead press is the most effective exercise at activating your front delts. To do this exercise, grab onto a dumbbell in each hand. Bring the dumbbells to their starting position on either side of your head. Then, raise the dumbbells over your head until your arms are fully extended. Finish by lowering the dumbbells slowly to their starting position.
You can do either a seated or a standing dumbbell press to build your front delts.
An overhead press with barbells will also activate your front delts, but it is less effective at doing so than a dumbbell press.
An overhead dumbbell press will also activate your rear and side delts, but to a lesser extent than your front delts.
1-2. Add an inclined bench press to your workout routine.
To do a chest press, set an incline bench so that it is an angle of at least 28 degrees. Lie down with your back on the bench. Start with a pair of dumbbells at your chest and then extend your arms up into the air until they’re fully extended.
Push-ups are also good exercises to do to activate your front delts, but aren’t quite as effective as chest and overhead presses.
1-3. Do a goalpost stretch to loosen tight front delts.
The front delts have a tendency to get tight, leading to potential injury when you exercise. To loosen them up, try doing goalpost stretches. To do this, sit or stand while holding a yoga strap or jump rope. Then:
Hold the strap in both hands and hold your arms straight out in front of you at shoulder height with your palms down and hands about shoulder-width apart.
Lift the strap over your head as you inhale, and then exhale as you slowly lower your elbows until you have made a “goalpost” shape with your arms on either side of your head.
Straighten your arms again and slowly return them to the starting position. Repeat this stretch 3-5 times.
2. Building Your Rear Delts
2-1. Do face pulls with a rope attachment to work your rear delts.
Set the rope attachment on a cable machine to chest level. Hold the rope attachment so that your hands are above the handles. Then, keeping your back straight, pull the rope toward your face. Pull the rope apart as you’re pulling it to your face. After the rope reaches your face, slowly return it to its starting position and repeat.
When you pull the rope back, assume a double bicep pose, as if you’re showing off your biceps in a body-building competition.
If you don’t have access to a cable machine with a rope attachment, you can use a resistance band for this exercise.
2-2. Shape your rear delts with rear lateral raises.
Start in a bent over position. Position your upper body so that it is just above parallel to the ground. Then, grab a dumbbell off the ground with one hand. Raise your arm as if you were spreading a wing until your arm is level with your shoulder. Finish by slowly lowering the weight at the same speed at which you pulled it up.
You can also use a cable machine for this exercise.
2-3. Activate your rear delts with reverse flyes at a reverse pec deck machine.
Sit on the machine’s seat so that you are facing the machine. Position the seat’s height so that the machine’s handles are level with your shoulders, and adjust the machine arms so that you can reach the handles with your arms fully outstretched in front of you. Then, grasp the handles with your palms facing one another, and pull the handles back until your arms are spread out to your sides. Return the handles to their starting position in a slow and controlled movement.
Keep your feet flat on the ground as you do this exercise.
Exhale when you pull the weight and breathe in as you return the weight to its starting position.
3. Focusing on Your Side Delts
3-1. Do lateral raises with dumbbells to build your side delts.
Stand and grab a dumbbell with each hand. Then, slowly raise your arms up to shoulder level. Bring your arms down in a slow and controlled movement. Don’t let gravity do the work of lowering the weights for you!
Use moderate weights for this exercise. If you use heavier weights, you’ll put a lot of stress on your shoulder joints, which may lead to an injury.
3-2. Use a cable machine to do lateral raises.
Doing standing lateral raises with a cable machine will work your side delts just as well as if you use dumbbells. To use a cable machine for this exercise, stand with your side next to the cable machine, grab onto the handle with the hand furthest from the machine, and slowly raise your outstretched arm to shoulder level. Then, lower your arm in a slow and controlled movement to the starting position.
When you’re doing lateral raises, keep the back of your hand even with your arm.
Don’t lift your arm above your shoulders.
Try to keep your elbow in line with your upper arm throughout the movement.
Using a cable machine instead of dumbbells to do lateral raises will put less stress on your shoulder joints and give you more consistent tension throughout the movement.
3-3. Try doing upright rows with dumbbells or a rope attachment.
To do this exercise, stand up with a dumbbell in each hand. Then slowly pull the weights up until your hands are level with your chest. Finish by lowering the weights in a slow and controlled movement.
Make sure not to raise your elbows above your shoulders when doing this exercise. Doing so will put undue stress on your shoulder joints.
Keep your hands outside of your shoulders when doing this exercise.
Avoid using a straight bar to do your upright rows. Doing so can force your wrists into an unnatural position, which, over time, can lead to injury.
4. Developing a Workout Plan
4-1. Perform an isolated shoulder workout about 2 times per week.
A consistent shoulder workout schedule is key if you want to build your delts. Doing a specialized workout focusing on your delts 2 times a week will allow you to make steady progress without putting too much strain on your shoulders.
If you’re just starting to workout, doing a dedicated shoulder workout 1 time a week should be sufficient.
4-2. Do 8 – 12 reps per shoulder exercise.
If you’re just starting to work out, start by doing 8 reps per exercise to avoid putting too much strain on your delts and shoulder joints. If you decide to add reps to an exercise, do so gradually.
An example workout may include 1 set of 8 – 12 reps for your rear delts, 1 set for your front delts, and 1 for your side delts per workout.
Talk to a trainer at a gym to develop a workout plan best suited for your strength, experience level, and goals.
4-3. Aim to do 30 – 60 reps of isolated shoulder exercises per week.
The number of reps you decide to do will depend on your fitness goals and weight-lifting experience. Try to spread the reps evenly between exercises designed to activate your front, rear, and side delts.
The exercises you do to build other muscles will also activate your delts, so you don’t need to do too many isolated shoulder exercises to build your delts.
4-4. Use slow and controlled movements when lifting weights.
Slow and controlled movements will put constant tension on your delts, which will optimize the process of building muscle. Try to avoid relying on the momentum of the weights, and be especially careful not to let gravity help you when you lower the weights.
A good rule of thumb is to lower weights at the same speed at which you raised them.
4-5. Avoid lifting too much weight to minimize stress on your shoulder joints.
How much weight you lift for a specific exercise will depend on your strength and weight-lifting experience. Choose a weight that you can lift for 8 – 12 reps, using slow and controlled movements.
If you’ve selected a proper weight, you should struggle slightly to finish the last rep of a set.
If you decide to add weight to an exercise, do so gradually.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Activating Your Front Delts\\n1-1. Work out your front delts by doing overhead dumbbell presses.\\nThe overhead press is the most effective exercise at activating your front delts. To do this exercise, grab onto a dumbbell in each hand. Bring the dumbbells to their starting position on either side of your head. Then, raise the dumbbells over your head until your arms are fully extended. Finish by lowering the dumbbells slowly to their starting position.\\nYou can do either a seated or a standing dumbbell press to build your front delts.\\nAn overhead press with barbells will also activate your front delts, but it is less effective at doing so than a dumbbell press.\\nAn overhead dumbbell press will also activate your rear and side delts, but to a lesser extent than your front delts.\\n1-2. Add an inclined bench press to your workout routine.\\nTo do a chest press, set an incline bench so that it is an angle of at least 28 degrees. Lie down with your back on the bench. Start with a pair of dumbbells at your chest and then extend your arms up into the air until they’re fully extended.\\nPush-ups are also good exercises to do to activate your front delts, but aren’t quite as effective as chest and overhead presses.\\n1-3. Do a goalpost stretch to loosen tight front delts.\\nThe front delts have a tendency to get tight, leading to potential injury when you exercise. To loosen them up, try doing goalpost stretches. To do this, sit or stand while holding a yoga strap or jump rope. Then:\\nHold the strap in both hands and hold your arms straight out in front of you at shoulder height with your palms down and hands about shoulder-width apart.\\nLift the strap over your head as you inhale, and then exhale as you slowly lower your elbows until you have made a “goalpost” shape with your arms on either side of your head.\\nStraighten your arms again and slowly return them to the starting position. Repeat this stretch 3-5 times.\\n2. Building Your Rear Delts\\n2-1. Do face pulls with a rope attachment to work your rear delts.\\nSet the rope attachment on a cable machine to chest level. Hold the rope attachment so that your hands are above the handles. Then, keeping your back straight, pull the rope toward your face. Pull the rope apart as you’re pulling it to your face. After the rope reaches your face, slowly return it to its starting position and repeat.\\nWhen you pull the rope back, assume a double bicep pose, as if you’re showing off your biceps in a body-building competition.\\nIf you don’t have access to a cable machine with a rope attachment, you can use a resistance band for this exercise.\\n2-2. Shape your rear delts with rear lateral raises.\\nStart in a bent over position. Position your upper body so that it is just above parallel to the ground. Then, grab a dumbbell off the ground with one hand. Raise your arm as if you were spreading a wing until your arm is level with your shoulder. Finish by slowly lowering the weight at the same speed at which you pulled it up.\\nYou can also use a cable machine for this exercise.\\n2-3. Activate your rear delts with reverse flyes at a reverse pec deck machine.\\nSit on the machine’s seat so that you are facing the machine. Position the seat’s height so that the machine’s handles are level with your shoulders, and adjust the machine arms so that you can reach the handles with your arms fully outstretched in front of you. Then, grasp the handles with your palms facing one another, and pull the handles back until your arms are spread out to your sides. Return the handles to their starting position in a slow and controlled movement.\\nKeep your feet flat on the ground as you do this exercise.\\nExhale when you pull the weight and breathe in as you return the weight to its starting position.\\n3. Focusing on Your Side Delts\\n3-1. Do lateral raises with dumbbells to build your side delts.\\nStand and grab a dumbbell with each hand. Then, slowly raise your arms up to shoulder level. Bring your arms down in a slow and controlled movement. Don’t let gravity do the work of lowering the weights for you!\\nUse moderate weights for this exercise. If you use heavier weights, you’ll put a lot of stress on your shoulder joints, which may lead to an injury.\\n3-2. Use a cable machine to do lateral raises.\\nDoing standing lateral raises with a cable machine will work your side delts just as well as if you use dumbbells. To use a cable machine for this exercise, stand with your side next to the cable machine, grab onto the handle with the hand furthest from the machine, and slowly raise your outstretched arm to shoulder level. Then, lower your arm in a slow and controlled movement to the starting position.\\nWhen you’re doing lateral raises, keep the back of your hand even with your arm.\\nDon’t lift your arm above your shoulders.\\nTry to keep your elbow in line with your upper arm throughout the movement.\\nUsing a cable machine instead of dumbbells to do lateral raises will put less stress on your shoulder joints and give you more consistent tension throughout the movement.\\n3-3. Try doing upright rows with dumbbells or a rope attachment.\\nTo do this exercise, stand up with a dumbbell in each hand. Then slowly pull the weights up until your hands are level with your chest. Finish by lowering the weights in a slow and controlled movement.\\nMake sure not to raise your elbows above your shoulders when doing this exercise. Doing so will put undue stress on your shoulder joints.\\nKeep your hands outside of your shoulders when doing this exercise.\\nAvoid using a straight bar to do your upright rows. Doing so can force your wrists into an unnatural position, which, over time, can lead to injury.\\n4. Developing a Workout Plan\\n4-1. Perform an isolated shoulder workout about 2 times per week.\\nA consistent shoulder workout schedule is key if you want to build your delts. Doing a specialized workout focusing on your delts 2 times a week will allow you to make steady progress without putting too much strain on your shoulders.\\nIf you’re just starting to workout, doing a dedicated shoulder workout 1 time a week should be sufficient.\\n4-2. Do 8 – 12 reps per shoulder exercise.\\nIf you’re just starting to work out, start by doing 8 reps per exercise to avoid putting too much strain on your delts and shoulder joints. If you decide to add reps to an exercise, do so gradually.\\nAn example workout may include 1 set of 8 – 12 reps for your rear delts, 1 set for your front delts, and 1 for your side delts per workout.\\nTalk to a trainer at a gym to develop a workout plan best suited for your strength, experience level, and goals.\\n4-3. Aim to do 30 – 60 reps of isolated shoulder exercises per week.\\nThe number of reps you decide to do will depend on your fitness goals and weight-lifting experience. Try to spread the reps evenly between exercises designed to activate your front, rear, and side delts.\\nThe exercises you do to build other muscles will also activate your delts, so you don’t need to do too many isolated shoulder exercises to build your delts.\\n4-4. Use slow and controlled movements when lifting weights.\\nSlow and controlled movements will put constant tension on your delts, which will optimize the process of building muscle. Try to avoid relying on the momentum of the weights, and be especially careful not to let gravity help you when you lower the weights.\\nA good rule of thumb is to lower weights at the same speed at which you raised them.\\n4-5. Avoid lifting too much weight to minimize stress on your shoulder joints.\\nHow much weight you lift for a specific exercise will depend on your strength and weight-lifting experience. Choose a weight that you can lift for 8 – 12 reps, using slow and controlled movements.\\nIf you’ve selected a proper weight, you should struggle slightly to finish the last rep of a set.\\nIf you decide to add weight to an exercise, do so gradually.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"To build your delts, you’ll want to add exercises to your workout program that activate all 3 parts of the deltoid muscle, which are the anterior deltoid (front delts), the lateral deltoid (side delts), and the posterior deltoid (rear delts). You’ll see the best results if you follow the proper form and technique for each exercise. Building your delts can be a slow process, but if you keep at it, you’ll start to see results sooner than you thought possible.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Activating Your Front Delts\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Work out your front delts by doing overhead dumbbell presses.\", \"描述\": \"The overhead press is the most effective exercise at activating your front delts. To do this exercise, grab onto a dumbbell in each hand. Bring the dumbbells to their starting position on either side of your head. Then, raise the dumbbells over your head until your arms are fully extended. Finish by lowering the dumbbells slowly to their starting position.\\nYou can do either a seated or a standing dumbbell press to build your front delts.\\nAn overhead press with barbells will also activate your front delts, but it is less effective at doing so than a dumbbell press.\\nAn overhead dumbbell press will also activate your rear and side delts, but to a lesser extent than your front delts.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Add an inclined bench press to your workout routine.\", \"描述\": \"To do a chest press, set an incline bench so that it is an angle of at least 28 degrees. Lie down with your back on the bench. Start with a pair of dumbbells at your chest and then extend your arms up into the air until they’re fully extended.\\nPush-ups are also good exercises to do to activate your front delts, but aren’t quite as effective as chest and overhead presses.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do a goalpost stretch to loosen tight front delts.\", \"描述\": \"The front delts have a tendency to get tight, leading to potential injury when you exercise. To loosen them up, try doing goalpost stretches. To do this, sit or stand while holding a yoga strap or jump rope. Then:\\nHold the strap in both hands and hold your arms straight out in front of you at shoulder height with your palms down and hands about shoulder-width apart.\\nLift the strap over your head as you inhale, and then exhale as you slowly lower your elbows until you have made a “goalpost” shape with your arms on either side of your head.\\nStraighten your arms again and slowly return them to the starting position. Repeat this stretch 3-5 times.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building Your Rear Delts\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do face pulls with a rope attachment to work your rear delts.\", \"描述\": \"Set the rope attachment on a cable machine to chest level. Hold the rope attachment so that your hands are above the handles. Then, keeping your back straight, pull the rope toward your face. Pull the rope apart as you’re pulling it to your face. After the rope reaches your face, slowly return it to its starting position and repeat.\\nWhen you pull the rope back, assume a double bicep pose, as if you’re showing off your biceps in a body-building competition.\\nIf you don’t have access to a cable machine with a rope attachment, you can use a resistance band for this exercise.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Shape your rear delts with rear lateral raises.\", \"描述\": \"Start in a bent over position. Position your upper body so that it is just above parallel to the ground. Then, grab a dumbbell off the ground with one hand. Raise your arm as if you were spreading a wing until your arm is level with your shoulder. Finish by slowly lowering the weight at the same speed at which you pulled it up.\\nYou can also use a cable machine for this exercise.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Activate your rear delts with reverse flyes at a reverse pec deck machine.\", \"描述\": \"Sit on the machine’s seat so that you are facing the machine. Position the seat’s height so that the machine’s handles are level with your shoulders, and adjust the machine arms so that you can reach the handles with your arms fully outstretched in front of you. Then, grasp the handles with your palms facing one another, and pull the handles back until your arms are spread out to your sides. Return the handles to their starting position in a slow and controlled movement.\\nKeep your feet flat on the ground as you do this exercise.\\nExhale when you pull the weight and breathe in as you return the weight to its starting position.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Focusing on Your Side Delts\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do lateral raises with dumbbells to build your side delts.\", \"描述\": \"Stand and grab a dumbbell with each hand. Then, slowly raise your arms up to shoulder level. Bring your arms down in a slow and controlled movement. Don’t let gravity do the work of lowering the weights for you!\\nUse moderate weights for this exercise. If you use heavier weights, you’ll put a lot of stress on your shoulder joints, which may lead to an injury.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use a cable machine to do lateral raises.\", \"描述\": \"Doing standing lateral raises with a cable machine will work your side delts just as well as if you use dumbbells. To use a cable machine for this exercise, stand with your side next to the cable machine, grab onto the handle with the hand furthest from the machine, and slowly raise your outstretched arm to shoulder level. Then, lower your arm in a slow and controlled movement to the starting position.\\nWhen you’re doing lateral raises, keep the back of your hand even with your arm.\\nDon’t lift your arm above your shoulders.\\nTry to keep your elbow in line with your upper arm throughout the movement.\\nUsing a cable machine instead of dumbbells to do lateral raises will put less stress on your shoulder joints and give you more consistent tension throughout the movement.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Try doing upright rows with dumbbells or a rope attachment.\", \"描述\": \"To do this exercise, stand up with a dumbbell in each hand. Then slowly pull the weights up until your hands are level with your chest. Finish by lowering the weights in a slow and controlled movement.\\nMake sure not to raise your elbows above your shoulders when doing this exercise. Doing so will put undue stress on your shoulder joints.\\nKeep your hands outside of your shoulders when doing this exercise.\\nAvoid using a straight bar to do your upright rows. Doing so can force your wrists into an unnatural position, which, over time, can lead to injury.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Developing a Workout Plan\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Perform an isolated shoulder workout about 2 times per week.\", \"描述\": \"A consistent shoulder workout schedule is key if you want to build your delts. Doing a specialized workout focusing on your delts 2 times a week will allow you to make steady progress without putting too much strain on your shoulders.\\nIf you’re just starting to workout, doing a dedicated shoulder workout 1 time a week should be sufficient.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do 8 – 12 reps per shoulder exercise.\", \"描述\": \"If you’re just starting to work out, start by doing 8 reps per exercise to avoid putting too much strain on your delts and shoulder joints. If you decide to add reps to an exercise, do so gradually.\\nAn example workout may include 1 set of 8 – 12 reps for your rear delts, 1 set for your front delts, and 1 for your side delts per workout.\\nTalk to a trainer at a gym to develop a workout plan best suited for your strength, experience level, and goals.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Aim to do 30 – 60 reps of isolated shoulder exercises per week.\", \"描述\": \"The number of reps you decide to do will depend on your fitness goals and weight-lifting experience. Try to spread the reps evenly between exercises designed to activate your front, rear, and side delts.\\nThe exercises you do to build other muscles will also activate your delts, so you don’t need to do too many isolated shoulder exercises to build your delts.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Use slow and controlled movements when lifting weights.\", \"描述\": \"Slow and controlled movements will put constant tension on your delts, which will optimize the process of building muscle. Try to avoid relying on the momentum of the weights, and be especially careful not to let gravity help you when you lower the weights.\\nA good rule of thumb is to lower weights at the same speed at which you raised them.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Avoid lifting too much weight to minimize stress on your shoulder joints.\", \"描述\": \"How much weight you lift for a specific exercise will depend on your strength and weight-lifting experience. Choose a weight that you can lift for 8 – 12 reps, using slow and controlled movements.\\nIf you’ve selected a proper weight, you should struggle slightly to finish the last rep of a set.\\nIf you decide to add weight to an exercise, do so gradually.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,106 |
How to Build Dirt Jumps
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1. Building a Tabletop Dirt Jump
1-1. Select a flat area at least 30 ft (9.1 m) long for your jump.
To build a table jump, which resembles a long solid mound of dirt with inclines at each end, select a dirt-covered area that's clear of both trees and heavy brush. Clear away all of the vegetation, debris, and trash that may be in the area with a gardening hoe, and/or your hands, before you begin to build your table jump.
The average dirt jump is 2 ft (0.61 m) high, with 4 ft (1.2 m) to 5 ft (1.5 m) between the take-off and landing ramps. Make sure to have at least 10 ft (3.0 m) of clearance from the edge of the take-off and landing ramps.
Depending on your experience jumping your bike, you may want to start by building a small dirt jump – say, 2 ft (0.61 m) high by 5 ft (1.5 m) long by 2 ft (0.61 m) wide, and work your way to large jumps as you practice more.
1-2. Build the foundation of the dirt jump with wood.
Look for branches on the ground or saw branches off of nearby trees. Then stack your wood in a pile in the center of your planned jump to make it sturdy. Gather enough so that your pile is about half the volume of your dirt jump.
For example, if your dirt jump is 2 ft (0.61 m) high by 5 ft (1.5 m) long by 2 ft (0.61 m) wide, gather enough wood to fill up a space that's 1 ft (0.30 m) by 1 ft (0.30 m) by 1 ft (0.30 m).
1-3. Form the central mound with dirt.
Dig up a substantial amount of dirt from the surrounding area with a shovel and pack it into a wheelbarrow. Move the wheelbarrow towards your wood pile and pour the dirt on the wood. Repeat until you've created a mound 2 ft (0.61 m) high by 5 ft (1.5 m) long by 2 ft (0.61 m) wide. Pile the dirt on the wood, then pack it as tightly as possible.
Shape your mound roughly into a rectangular cube.
1-4. Shape each end of the mound into slopes.
At opposite ends of the mound, dump more dirt – enough to form slopes for riding up and landing. Shape and flatten each slope with the base of your shovel. Mold one end of the mound – what will be your landing slope – into a longer and steeper incline than the other.
If you're a beginner, create a take-off slope that is 45 degrees or even more gradual. Form a landing slope at an incline of 30 degrees or less.
1-5. Create the lip of your take-off slope.
The lip is a curve in your take-off ramp that will help you gain height as you accelerate towards your dirt jump. Take your front bike wheel and press it into one end of the mound – what will be the take-off ramp – in a few places. Using your shovel, shape the dirt of the take-off mound to resemble the curve created by the bike wheel.
Using your shovel, pat down any impressions created by the tire ruts until the curve is completely smooth.
1-6. Let your dirt jump set.
Pat your shovel on the mound until it is as compact as possible. Then leave the dirt to harden for at least 4 days. After this time, examine how compact the dirt is. If the dirt falls off the mound as soon as you touch it, compress the dirt again with your shovel and hands, then let the mound sit for 2 to 3 more days. If the dirt is no longer loose, try riding up and down it with your bike!
Your dirt jump will harden substantially as time passes. Rain will also help strengthen it. Consider watering your dirt jump by completely soaking it with a garden hose, then leaving it to set.
2. Constructing a Double Dirt Jump
2-1. Construct a table jump twice the size of a normal dirt jump.
Start building a double dirt jump by creating a table jump using the steps in the previous method. Make the central mound at least 10 ft (3.0 m) long.
2-2. Remove the dirt between the 2 ramps.
Take your shovel and dig up the soil away from the mound. Be careful not to disturb either ramp. As you pull dirt away from the mound, move it away from the dirt jump with your wheelbarrow. Then remove the sticks that lay at the base of the mound.
Each ramp should be approximately 3 ft (0.91 m) to 3 ft (0.91 m) long and 3 ft (0.91 m) to 4 ft (1.2 m) tall with level ground in between them.
Make sure to clear both dirt and wood away from the path in front of either take-off or landing ramp.
2-3. Use a garden hose to soak the take-off and landing ramps.
This will help them retain their shape as they set. Use your shovel to add additional soil or compress existing soil, if the landing ramp has started to lose its shape.
If the take-off ramp starts to lose shape, press the front wheel of your bike into it to create parallel grooves in the ramp. Then use your shovel to flatten the take-off ramp into a curve again.
If you've had to reshape either the take-off or landing ramp, leave them alone afterward for at least 2 days to let the soil harden.
3. Creating a Step Up
3-1. Decide how long and high you want your take-off to be.
Also, determine the length of the gap between the two, which is the distance you'll be jumping your bike. Then use these dimensions to locate a clear flat space clear of plants, trash, and debris. When complete, your step-up will resemble a double dirt jump with taller and wider take-off and landing ramps.
In general, the take-off ramp should be about 3 feet (0.91 m) shorter than the landing, and the base of the landing ramp should be at least twice as wide and long as that of the take-off ramp.
For example, you might want to build a take-off ramp 5 ft (1.5 m) high, 5 ft (1.5 m) long, and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide. Then you'd build a landing ramp 8 ft (2.4 m) high, 10 ft (3.0 m) long, and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide.
A good gap for a step up is approximately 6 ft (1.8 m). Determine how wide your gap will be based on the tricks you want to perform, your experience jumping bikes, and available space.
3-2. Gather sticks and branches for the bases of both ramps.
Stack wood to form the first pile where you expect the take-off ramp to be, then walk to where the landing ramp will be and form the second pile there. The wood will make the ramps sturdy enough to support the weight of you and your bike.
For example, if your take-off ramp is 5 ft (1.5 m) high, 5 ft (1.5 m) long, and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide, gather enough sticks to build a triangular pile 2.5 ft (0.76 m) high, 2.5 ft (0.76 m) long, and 2.5 ft (0.76 m) wide.
The slopes of each pile should not face each other.
3-3. Cover the wood with dirt.
Lay the dirt on each pile until you have 2 triangular mounds approximately 5 ft (1.5 m) high, 5 ft (1.5 m) long, and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide.
Continue to compress the dirt on each ramp with the flat end of your shovel. You want to make each one as tight as can be, as they will each have to support your weight and the weight of the bike.
Walk up and down both ramps to determine if they can support your weight. If not, add more dirt and flatten against each ramp with the flat end of your shovel.
Flatten the slope of the landing ramp with the back of your shovel until the mound resembles an incline of 30 degrees or less.
3-4. Shape the take-off ramp with the front wheel of your bike.
Press the wheel into the ramp about 1/3 of the way up the slope. Do this several times in parallel locations until the take-off ramp has several circular grooves in it. Use your shovel to smooth the slope into a circular shape that resembles the curve of the wheel. Pat the dirt down so that the take-off ramp is smooth and circular.
Pack any loose dirt down with the flat end of your shovel. Make your take-off ramp as compact as possible.
3-5. Let your take-off and landing ramps set for at least 4 days.
If they do not hold their shape, gather additional dirt with your shovel and pile it on areas of the ramps where soil has come loose. Then flatten the dirt with the back end of the shovel, and let set another 2 to 3 days, before testing them again.
Add water to your ramps to help them retain their shape. Use a garden hose to cover the area of each with water. After this period, test them by walking up and down both ramps. If they hold their shape, try riding on them with your bike.
Time and rain will reinforce the shape of your step up. Riding up and down will as well. Make sure your step up gets plenty of use to keep it as sturdy as possible!
Tips
Be careful not to add too much water to the dirt jumps or they will turn into mud and lose its shape.
Dig up your dirt along the sides of your dirt jumps, making your holes in places where the water will run off in case of heavy rain.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Building a Tabletop Dirt Jump\\n1-1. Select a flat area at least 30 ft (9.1 m) long for your jump.\\nTo build a table jump, which resembles a long solid mound of dirt with inclines at each end, select a dirt-covered area that's clear of both trees and heavy brush. Clear away all of the vegetation, debris, and trash that may be in the area with a gardening hoe, and/or your hands, before you begin to build your table jump.\\nThe average dirt jump is 2 ft (0.61 m) high, with 4 ft (1.2 m) to 5 ft (1.5 m) between the take-off and landing ramps. Make sure to have at least 10 ft (3.0 m) of clearance from the edge of the take-off and landing ramps.\\nDepending on your experience jumping your bike, you may want to start by building a small dirt jump – say, 2 ft (0.61 m) high by 5 ft (1.5 m) long by 2 ft (0.61 m) wide, and work your way to large jumps as you practice more.\\n1-2. Build the foundation of the dirt jump with wood.\\nLook for branches on the ground or saw branches off of nearby trees. Then stack your wood in a pile in the center of your planned jump to make it sturdy. Gather enough so that your pile is about half the volume of your dirt jump.\\nFor example, if your dirt jump is 2 ft (0.61 m) high by 5 ft (1.5 m) long by 2 ft (0.61 m) wide, gather enough wood to fill up a space that's 1 ft (0.30 m) by 1 ft (0.30 m) by 1 ft (0.30 m).\\n1-3. Form the central mound with dirt.\\nDig up a substantial amount of dirt from the surrounding area with a shovel and pack it into a wheelbarrow. Move the wheelbarrow towards your wood pile and pour the dirt on the wood. Repeat until you've created a mound 2 ft (0.61 m) high by 5 ft (1.5 m) long by 2 ft (0.61 m) wide. Pile the dirt on the wood, then pack it as tightly as possible.\\nShape your mound roughly into a rectangular cube.\\n1-4. Shape each end of the mound into slopes.\\nAt opposite ends of the mound, dump more dirt – enough to form slopes for riding up and landing. Shape and flatten each slope with the base of your shovel. Mold one end of the mound – what will be your landing slope – into a longer and steeper incline than the other.\\nIf you're a beginner, create a take-off slope that is 45 degrees or even more gradual. Form a landing slope at an incline of 30 degrees or less.\\n1-5. Create the lip of your take-off slope.\\nThe lip is a curve in your take-off ramp that will help you gain height as you accelerate towards your dirt jump. Take your front bike wheel and press it into one end of the mound – what will be the take-off ramp – in a few places. Using your shovel, shape the dirt of the take-off mound to resemble the curve created by the bike wheel.\\nUsing your shovel, pat down any impressions created by the tire ruts until the curve is completely smooth.\\n1-6. Let your dirt jump set.\\nPat your shovel on the mound until it is as compact as possible. Then leave the dirt to harden for at least 4 days. After this time, examine how compact the dirt is. If the dirt falls off the mound as soon as you touch it, compress the dirt again with your shovel and hands, then let the mound sit for 2 to 3 more days. If the dirt is no longer loose, try riding up and down it with your bike!\\nYour dirt jump will harden substantially as time passes. Rain will also help strengthen it. Consider watering your dirt jump by completely soaking it with a garden hose, then leaving it to set.\\n2. Constructing a Double Dirt Jump\\n2-1. Construct a table jump twice the size of a normal dirt jump.\\nStart building a double dirt jump by creating a table jump using the steps in the previous method. Make the central mound at least 10 ft (3.0 m) long.\\n2-2. Remove the dirt between the 2 ramps.\\nTake your shovel and dig up the soil away from the mound. Be careful not to disturb either ramp. As you pull dirt away from the mound, move it away from the dirt jump with your wheelbarrow. Then remove the sticks that lay at the base of the mound.\\nEach ramp should be approximately 3 ft (0.91 m) to 3 ft (0.91 m) long and 3 ft (0.91 m) to 4 ft (1.2 m) tall with level ground in between them.\\nMake sure to clear both dirt and wood away from the path in front of either take-off or landing ramp.\\n2-3. Use a garden hose to soak the take-off and landing ramps.\\nThis will help them retain their shape as they set. Use your shovel to add additional soil or compress existing soil, if the landing ramp has started to lose its shape.\\nIf the take-off ramp starts to lose shape, press the front wheel of your bike into it to create parallel grooves in the ramp. Then use your shovel to flatten the take-off ramp into a curve again.\\nIf you've had to reshape either the take-off or landing ramp, leave them alone afterward for at least 2 days to let the soil harden.\\n3. Creating a Step Up\\n3-1. Decide how long and high you want your take-off to be.\\nAlso, determine the length of the gap between the two, which is the distance you'll be jumping your bike. Then use these dimensions to locate a clear flat space clear of plants, trash, and debris. When complete, your step-up will resemble a double dirt jump with taller and wider take-off and landing ramps.\\nIn general, the take-off ramp should be about 3 feet (0.91 m) shorter than the landing, and the base of the landing ramp should be at least twice as wide and long as that of the take-off ramp.\\nFor example, you might want to build a take-off ramp 5 ft (1.5 m) high, 5 ft (1.5 m) long, and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide. Then you'd build a landing ramp 8 ft (2.4 m) high, 10 ft (3.0 m) long, and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide.\\nA good gap for a step up is approximately 6 ft (1.8 m). Determine how wide your gap will be based on the tricks you want to perform, your experience jumping bikes, and available space.\\n3-2. Gather sticks and branches for the bases of both ramps.\\nStack wood to form the first pile where you expect the take-off ramp to be, then walk to where the landing ramp will be and form the second pile there. The wood will make the ramps sturdy enough to support the weight of you and your bike.\\nFor example, if your take-off ramp is 5 ft (1.5 m) high, 5 ft (1.5 m) long, and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide, gather enough sticks to build a triangular pile 2.5 ft (0.76 m) high, 2.5 ft (0.76 m) long, and 2.5 ft (0.76 m) wide.\\nThe slopes of each pile should not face each other.\\n3-3. Cover the wood with dirt.\\nLay the dirt on each pile until you have 2 triangular mounds approximately 5 ft (1.5 m) high, 5 ft (1.5 m) long, and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide.\\nContinue to compress the dirt on each ramp with the flat end of your shovel. You want to make each one as tight as can be, as they will each have to support your weight and the weight of the bike.\\nWalk up and down both ramps to determine if they can support your weight. If not, add more dirt and flatten against each ramp with the flat end of your shovel.\\nFlatten the slope of the landing ramp with the back of your shovel until the mound resembles an incline of 30 degrees or less.\\n3-4. Shape the take-off ramp with the front wheel of your bike.\\nPress the wheel into the ramp about 1/3 of the way up the slope. Do this several times in parallel locations until the take-off ramp has several circular grooves in it. Use your shovel to smooth the slope into a circular shape that resembles the curve of the wheel. Pat the dirt down so that the take-off ramp is smooth and circular.\\nPack any loose dirt down with the flat end of your shovel. Make your take-off ramp as compact as possible.\\n3-5. Let your take-off and landing ramps set for at least 4 days.\\nIf they do not hold their shape, gather additional dirt with your shovel and pile it on areas of the ramps where soil has come loose. Then flatten the dirt with the back end of the shovel, and let set another 2 to 3 days, before testing them again. \\nAdd water to your ramps to help them retain their shape. Use a garden hose to cover the area of each with water. After this period, test them by walking up and down both ramps. If they hold their shape, try riding on them with your bike.\\nTime and rain will reinforce the shape of your step up. Riding up and down will as well. Make sure your step up gets plenty of use to keep it as sturdy as possible!\\nTips\\nBe careful not to add too much water to the dirt jumps or they will turn into mud and lose its shape.\\nDig up your dirt along the sides of your dirt jumps, making your holes in places where the water will run off in case of heavy rain.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"BMX/mountain bike stunt riding is addictive, though if you're relying on private skate parks to practice, it can also be an expensive hobby. But you can easily and safely build your own dirt jump in your own backyard or a public wooded area. Beginners can build table dirt jumps, while more advanced riders can build double dirt jumps and step ups with just a little time and a few common gardening tools.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Building a Tabletop Dirt Jump\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Select a flat area at least 30 ft (9.1 m) long for your jump.\", \"描述\": \"To build a table jump, which resembles a long solid mound of dirt with inclines at each end, select a dirt-covered area that's clear of both trees and heavy brush. Clear away all of the vegetation, debris, and trash that may be in the area with a gardening hoe, and/or your hands, before you begin to build your table jump.\\nThe average dirt jump is 2 ft (0.61 m) high, with 4 ft (1.2 m) to 5 ft (1.5 m) between the take-off and landing ramps. Make sure to have at least 10 ft (3.0 m) of clearance from the edge of the take-off and landing ramps.\\nDepending on your experience jumping your bike, you may want to start by building a small dirt jump – say, 2 ft (0.61 m) high by 5 ft (1.5 m) long by 2 ft (0.61 m) wide, and work your way to large jumps as you practice more.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Build the foundation of the dirt jump with wood.\", \"描述\": \"Look for branches on the ground or saw branches off of nearby trees. Then stack your wood in a pile in the center of your planned jump to make it sturdy. Gather enough so that your pile is about half the volume of your dirt jump.\\nFor example, if your dirt jump is 2 ft (0.61 m) high by 5 ft (1.5 m) long by 2 ft (0.61 m) wide, gather enough wood to fill up a space that's 1 ft (0.30 m) by 1 ft (0.30 m) by 1 ft (0.30 m).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Form the central mound with dirt.\", \"描述\": \"Dig up a substantial amount of dirt from the surrounding area with a shovel and pack it into a wheelbarrow. Move the wheelbarrow towards your wood pile and pour the dirt on the wood. Repeat until you've created a mound 2 ft (0.61 m) high by 5 ft (1.5 m) long by 2 ft (0.61 m) wide. Pile the dirt on the wood, then pack it as tightly as possible.\\nShape your mound roughly into a rectangular cube.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Shape each end of the mound into slopes.\", \"描述\": \"At opposite ends of the mound, dump more dirt – enough to form slopes for riding up and landing. Shape and flatten each slope with the base of your shovel. Mold one end of the mound – what will be your landing slope – into a longer and steeper incline than the other.\\nIf you're a beginner, create a take-off slope that is 45 degrees or even more gradual. Form a landing slope at an incline of 30 degrees or less.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Create the lip of your take-off slope.\", \"描述\": \"The lip is a curve in your take-off ramp that will help you gain height as you accelerate towards your dirt jump. Take your front bike wheel and press it into one end of the mound – what will be the take-off ramp – in a few places. Using your shovel, shape the dirt of the take-off mound to resemble the curve created by the bike wheel.\\nUsing your shovel, pat down any impressions created by the tire ruts until the curve is completely smooth.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Let your dirt jump set.\", \"描述\": \"Pat your shovel on the mound until it is as compact as possible. Then leave the dirt to harden for at least 4 days. After this time, examine how compact the dirt is. If the dirt falls off the mound as soon as you touch it, compress the dirt again with your shovel and hands, then let the mound sit for 2 to 3 more days. If the dirt is no longer loose, try riding up and down it with your bike!\\nYour dirt jump will harden substantially as time passes. Rain will also help strengthen it. Consider watering your dirt jump by completely soaking it with a garden hose, then leaving it to set.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Constructing a Double Dirt Jump\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Construct a table jump twice the size of a normal dirt jump.\", \"描述\": \"Start building a double dirt jump by creating a table jump using the steps in the previous method. Make the central mound at least 10 ft (3.0 m) long.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Remove the dirt between the 2 ramps.\", \"描述\": \"Take your shovel and dig up the soil away from the mound. Be careful not to disturb either ramp. As you pull dirt away from the mound, move it away from the dirt jump with your wheelbarrow. Then remove the sticks that lay at the base of the mound.\\nEach ramp should be approximately 3 ft (0.91 m) to 3 ft (0.91 m) long and 3 ft (0.91 m) to 4 ft (1.2 m) tall with level ground in between them.\\nMake sure to clear both dirt and wood away from the path in front of either take-off or landing ramp.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use a garden hose to soak the take-off and landing ramps.\", \"描述\": \"This will help them retain their shape as they set. Use your shovel to add additional soil or compress existing soil, if the landing ramp has started to lose its shape.\\nIf the take-off ramp starts to lose shape, press the front wheel of your bike into it to create parallel grooves in the ramp. Then use your shovel to flatten the take-off ramp into a curve again.\\nIf you've had to reshape either the take-off or landing ramp, leave them alone afterward for at least 2 days to let the soil harden.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Creating a Step Up\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Decide how long and high you want your take-off to be.\", \"描述\": \"Also, determine the length of the gap between the two, which is the distance you'll be jumping your bike. Then use these dimensions to locate a clear flat space clear of plants, trash, and debris. When complete, your step-up will resemble a double dirt jump with taller and wider take-off and landing ramps.\\nIn general, the take-off ramp should be about 3 feet (0.91 m) shorter than the landing, and the base of the landing ramp should be at least twice as wide and long as that of the take-off ramp.\\nFor example, you might want to build a take-off ramp 5 ft (1.5 m) high, 5 ft (1.5 m) long, and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide. Then you'd build a landing ramp 8 ft (2.4 m) high, 10 ft (3.0 m) long, and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide.\\nA good gap for a step up is approximately 6 ft (1.8 m). Determine how wide your gap will be based on the tricks you want to perform, your experience jumping bikes, and available space.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Gather sticks and branches for the bases of both ramps.\", \"描述\": \"Stack wood to form the first pile where you expect the take-off ramp to be, then walk to where the landing ramp will be and form the second pile there. The wood will make the ramps sturdy enough to support the weight of you and your bike.\\nFor example, if your take-off ramp is 5 ft (1.5 m) high, 5 ft (1.5 m) long, and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide, gather enough sticks to build a triangular pile 2.5 ft (0.76 m) high, 2.5 ft (0.76 m) long, and 2.5 ft (0.76 m) wide.\\nThe slopes of each pile should not face each other.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cover the wood with dirt.\", \"描述\": \"Lay the dirt on each pile until you have 2 triangular mounds approximately 5 ft (1.5 m) high, 5 ft (1.5 m) long, and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide.\\nContinue to compress the dirt on each ramp with the flat end of your shovel. You want to make each one as tight as can be, as they will each have to support your weight and the weight of the bike.\\nWalk up and down both ramps to determine if they can support your weight. If not, add more dirt and flatten against each ramp with the flat end of your shovel.\\nFlatten the slope of the landing ramp with the back of your shovel until the mound resembles an incline of 30 degrees or less.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Shape the take-off ramp with the front wheel of your bike.\", \"描述\": \"Press the wheel into the ramp about 1/3 of the way up the slope. Do this several times in parallel locations until the take-off ramp has several circular grooves in it. Use your shovel to smooth the slope into a circular shape that resembles the curve of the wheel. Pat the dirt down so that the take-off ramp is smooth and circular.\\nPack any loose dirt down with the flat end of your shovel. Make your take-off ramp as compact as possible.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Let your take-off and landing ramps set for at least 4 days.\", \"描述\": \"If they do not hold their shape, gather additional dirt with your shovel and pile it on areas of the ramps where soil has come loose. Then flatten the dirt with the back end of the shovel, and let set another 2 to 3 days, before testing them again. \\nAdd water to your ramps to help them retain their shape. Use a garden hose to cover the area of each with water. After this period, test them by walking up and down both ramps. If they hold their shape, try riding on them with your bike.\\nTime and rain will reinforce the shape of your step up. Riding up and down will as well. Make sure your step up gets plenty of use to keep it as sturdy as possible!\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Be careful not to add too much water to the dirt jumps or they will turn into mud and lose its shape.\\n\", \"Dig up your dirt along the sides of your dirt jumps, making your holes in places where the water will run off in case of heavy rain.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,107 |
How to Build Disco Lights
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1. Lighting a Disco Ball
1-1. Get or make a mirrored ball.
The most iconic disco decoration is the disco ball. They produce moving white dots of light when a spotlight is projected on their surface. You can easily find a disco ball online, or make one of your own.
Note that disco balls come in all sorts of sizes.
If you’re hoping to fill a living or dining room with moving white dots, get a ball that’s about 12 in (30 cm) diameter. For a larger room, get a roughly 20 in (50 cm) disco ball.
1-2. Consider getting a disco ball motor.
The disco lighting effect is amplified if you mount the ball on a motor that rotates the ball and moves the dots of light around the room. You can purchase disco balls that come with a motor, or purchase the motor separately online.
Be sure to get a motor that can handle the size and weight of your ball. Some motors are designed for small disco balls, while others can handle larger ones.
1-3. Hang the motor from the ceiling.
Choose a location near the middle of the room that has a horizontal surface you can attach the motor too, such as the ceiling. If the motor is powered by a plug, plan the route that the cord will take.
Most disco ball motors will mount to the ceiling with screws.
Keep in mind that there will also be a light aimed at the disco ball, so there must also be an appropriate space to hang a light that will point at the ball.
1-4. Position one or two spotlights pointing at the disco ball.
There are specific lights designed for use with a disco ball, but many different spotlights will work. The important factor is that the light is focused, or pointed in a particular direction like a spotlight. The effect will be even better if you are able to point two spotlights at the ball from different directions.
You can mount the spot lights in many different ways. If you get a spotlight specifically for this purpose, it may even attach to the disco ball's base. It may also have a base of its own that you attach to the ceiling separately.
The ideal distance between the mirrored ball and the spotlight depends on the size of the ball, as well as the size and strength of the light. Experiment with positioning the spotlight in different locations relative to the ball and mount it where it provides the desired effect.
1-5. Get a disco-specific spotlight.
Some spotlights have features that supplement the lighting effect that is made by the disco ball. For instance, you can get a spotlight that rotates through different colored filters, so that the dots of light moving around the room change color periodically.
2. Building an LED Light Ball
2-1. Buy an LED light cord.
Another classic disco decoration is a ball of light. To make one of your own, buy an LED light cord from a hardware store or online. You can get a variety of colors, and there are light cords that change color, flash, and even change effects via remote control.
2-2. Get a bunch of styrofoam or plastic cups.
These will make up the shell of the ball. They are the perfect material, as they will emanate light, they are extremely cheap, and they are readily available at the grocery store.
You will likely need more cups than you think. Of course, this depends on the size of the ball you hope to make, as well as the size of the cups you use.
Get about 100 cups just to make sure you have enough.
2-3. Glue cups together side-to-side to form a circle.
Use a glue gun to apply a vertical strip of glue to the side of a cup, and press another cup against the strip of glue, so that their sides are touching from top to bottom. The openings of the cups will be tilted slightly away from one another, and the bottoms of the cups will point inwards. Continue adding cups in the same way, taking care to keep the cups on the same plane with one another.
The specific numbers of cups you will use to complete this first circle is largely up to you. Keep in mind that you will be adding additional layers on top of this circle (with a few less cups each time) to complete a dome.
If you’re using classic water-cooler sized styrofoam cups, use 16 cups to complete your first circle.
2-4. Add consecutive layers with fewer cups each time.
Nestle a cup into the spaces between each of the cups in the circle, using glue to fasten them. Always point the opening of the cup outwards. Repeat this process with additional layers of cups. It will take fewer cups to complete each layer, until you wind up with a completed half dome.
As you stack layers, the bottoms of each cup will tilt slightly more inwards towards the center of the dome that is slowly forming.
It may be tricky to hold and glue the final few cups in the dome, so use clothespins to help hold the cups while you glue them in place.
Make another dome in the same way. Together, these two hemispheres can be joined to complete the shell of your light.
2-5. Push a single bulb into the bottom of each cup.
From the inside of your half dome, push an LED bulb into the bottom of each cup, so that the bulb just barely protrudes into the well of the cup.
Do the same for other side of the dome as well, then glue the two halves of the dome together with the rest of the LED bulbs balled up inside.
If the LED string is powered by a plug, make sure to run the plug out between some of the cups.
3. Using Disco Light Bulbs
3-1. Buy a rotating, flashing, and/or color changing light bulb.
There are all sort of light bulbs that create disco-like effects. You can find these at novelty shops or online. There are even some that create the classic disco effect of a rotating field of dots of light. Search online for things like "disco light bulb," “rotating light bulb,” “magic light bulb,” or “color-changing light bulb.”
Amazon has a particularly good selection of this sort of item.
Many of these light bulbs come ready for use. You can simply screw them into a compatible socket and start dancing.
3-2. Install disco light bulbs in fixtures you already have.
Believe it or not, building a disco light may be as easy as screwing in a light bulb. For instance, remove the cover from a ceiling fixture and replace the regular bulbs with a rotating one. You can also run lamp cords from power sockets to wherever you want to position a disco light bulb.
Resale or thrift stores are a great place to get light fixtures. You can even remove many of the pieces of an old lamp so you just have a cord with a plug on one end and the bulb receptacle on the other.
3-3. Build your own disco light fixture.
Aside from the disco-themed light bulbs, you’ll need a power cord, lamp holders, a lamp holder base, wire nuts, and a back cover for the base if you want the fixture to be free standing. Cut the socket off of the power cord and connect the wires to the lamp holders with the wire nuts. The wire nuts will be tucked behind the lamp holder base.
If you have never wired a light fixture before, have someone who has help you out. Though it may seem intimidating, it’s safe and easy to do.
Never work on the wiring of anything that is plugged in. Keep the plug out of the socket whenever you're working on your disco light.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Lighting a Disco Ball\\n1-1. Get or make a mirrored ball.\\nThe most iconic disco decoration is the disco ball. They produce moving white dots of light when a spotlight is projected on their surface. You can easily find a disco ball online, or make one of your own.\\nNote that disco balls come in all sorts of sizes.\\nIf you’re hoping to fill a living or dining room with moving white dots, get a ball that’s about 12 in (30 cm) diameter. For a larger room, get a roughly 20 in (50 cm) disco ball.\\n1-2. Consider getting a disco ball motor.\\nThe disco lighting effect is amplified if you mount the ball on a motor that rotates the ball and moves the dots of light around the room. You can purchase disco balls that come with a motor, or purchase the motor separately online.\\nBe sure to get a motor that can handle the size and weight of your ball. Some motors are designed for small disco balls, while others can handle larger ones.\\n1-3. Hang the motor from the ceiling.\\nChoose a location near the middle of the room that has a horizontal surface you can attach the motor too, such as the ceiling. If the motor is powered by a plug, plan the route that the cord will take. \\nMost disco ball motors will mount to the ceiling with screws.\\nKeep in mind that there will also be a light aimed at the disco ball, so there must also be an appropriate space to hang a light that will point at the ball.\\n1-4. Position one or two spotlights pointing at the disco ball.\\nThere are specific lights designed for use with a disco ball, but many different spotlights will work. The important factor is that the light is focused, or pointed in a particular direction like a spotlight. The effect will be even better if you are able to point two spotlights at the ball from different directions.\\nYou can mount the spot lights in many different ways. If you get a spotlight specifically for this purpose, it may even attach to the disco ball's base. It may also have a base of its own that you attach to the ceiling separately.\\nThe ideal distance between the mirrored ball and the spotlight depends on the size of the ball, as well as the size and strength of the light. Experiment with positioning the spotlight in different locations relative to the ball and mount it where it provides the desired effect.\\n1-5. Get a disco-specific spotlight.\\nSome spotlights have features that supplement the lighting effect that is made by the disco ball. For instance, you can get a spotlight that rotates through different colored filters, so that the dots of light moving around the room change color periodically.\\n2. Building an LED Light Ball\\n2-1. Buy an LED light cord.\\nAnother classic disco decoration is a ball of light. To make one of your own, buy an LED light cord from a hardware store or online. You can get a variety of colors, and there are light cords that change color, flash, and even change effects via remote control.\\n2-2. Get a bunch of styrofoam or plastic cups.\\nThese will make up the shell of the ball. They are the perfect material, as they will emanate light, they are extremely cheap, and they are readily available at the grocery store.\\nYou will likely need more cups than you think. Of course, this depends on the size of the ball you hope to make, as well as the size of the cups you use.\\nGet about 100 cups just to make sure you have enough.\\n2-3. Glue cups together side-to-side to form a circle.\\nUse a glue gun to apply a vertical strip of glue to the side of a cup, and press another cup against the strip of glue, so that their sides are touching from top to bottom. The openings of the cups will be tilted slightly away from one another, and the bottoms of the cups will point inwards. Continue adding cups in the same way, taking care to keep the cups on the same plane with one another.\\nThe specific numbers of cups you will use to complete this first circle is largely up to you. Keep in mind that you will be adding additional layers on top of this circle (with a few less cups each time) to complete a dome.\\nIf you’re using classic water-cooler sized styrofoam cups, use 16 cups to complete your first circle.\\n2-4. Add consecutive layers with fewer cups each time.\\nNestle a cup into the spaces between each of the cups in the circle, using glue to fasten them. Always point the opening of the cup outwards. Repeat this process with additional layers of cups. It will take fewer cups to complete each layer, until you wind up with a completed half dome.\\nAs you stack layers, the bottoms of each cup will tilt slightly more inwards towards the center of the dome that is slowly forming.\\nIt may be tricky to hold and glue the final few cups in the dome, so use clothespins to help hold the cups while you glue them in place.\\nMake another dome in the same way. Together, these two hemispheres can be joined to complete the shell of your light.\\n2-5. Push a single bulb into the bottom of each cup.\\nFrom the inside of your half dome, push an LED bulb into the bottom of each cup, so that the bulb just barely protrudes into the well of the cup.\\nDo the same for other side of the dome as well, then glue the two halves of the dome together with the rest of the LED bulbs balled up inside.\\nIf the LED string is powered by a plug, make sure to run the plug out between some of the cups.\\n3. Using Disco Light Bulbs\\n3-1. Buy a rotating, flashing, and/or color changing light bulb.\\nThere are all sort of light bulbs that create disco-like effects. You can find these at novelty shops or online. There are even some that create the classic disco effect of a rotating field of dots of light. Search online for things like \\\"disco light bulb,\\\" “rotating light bulb,” “magic light bulb,” or “color-changing light bulb.”\\nAmazon has a particularly good selection of this sort of item.\\nMany of these light bulbs come ready for use. You can simply screw them into a compatible socket and start dancing.\\n3-2. Install disco light bulbs in fixtures you already have.\\nBelieve it or not, building a disco light may be as easy as screwing in a light bulb. For instance, remove the cover from a ceiling fixture and replace the regular bulbs with a rotating one. You can also run lamp cords from power sockets to wherever you want to position a disco light bulb.\\nResale or thrift stores are a great place to get light fixtures. You can even remove many of the pieces of an old lamp so you just have a cord with a plug on one end and the bulb receptacle on the other.\\n3-3. Build your own disco light fixture.\\nAside from the disco-themed light bulbs, you’ll need a power cord, lamp holders, a lamp holder base, wire nuts, and a back cover for the base if you want the fixture to be free standing. Cut the socket off of the power cord and connect the wires to the lamp holders with the wire nuts. The wire nuts will be tucked behind the lamp holder base.\\nIf you have never wired a light fixture before, have someone who has help you out. Though it may seem intimidating, it’s safe and easy to do.\\nNever work on the wiring of anything that is plugged in. Keep the plug out of the socket whenever you're working on your disco light.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Lighting up a dance floor with classic disco lighting effects can turn a good party into a great one. The most classic form of disco lighting involves projecting light onto a mirrored ball, otherwise known as a disco ball. You can also build your own ball of colored light. Finally, you can purchase disco dance bulbs and install them in fixtures you already have, or build custom disco fixtures.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Lighting a Disco Ball\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get or make a mirrored ball.\", \"描述\": \"The most iconic disco decoration is the disco ball. They produce moving white dots of light when a spotlight is projected on their surface. You can easily find a disco ball online, or make one of your own.\\nNote that disco balls come in all sorts of sizes.\\nIf you’re hoping to fill a living or dining room with moving white dots, get a ball that’s about 12 in (30 cm) diameter. For a larger room, get a roughly 20 in (50 cm) disco ball.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Consider getting a disco ball motor.\", \"描述\": \"The disco lighting effect is amplified if you mount the ball on a motor that rotates the ball and moves the dots of light around the room. You can purchase disco balls that come with a motor, or purchase the motor separately online.\\nBe sure to get a motor that can handle the size and weight of your ball. Some motors are designed for small disco balls, while others can handle larger ones.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hang the motor from the ceiling.\", \"描述\": \"Choose a location near the middle of the room that has a horizontal surface you can attach the motor too, such as the ceiling. If the motor is powered by a plug, plan the route that the cord will take. \\nMost disco ball motors will mount to the ceiling with screws.\\nKeep in mind that there will also be a light aimed at the disco ball, so there must also be an appropriate space to hang a light that will point at the ball.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Position one or two spotlights pointing at the disco ball.\", \"描述\": \"There are specific lights designed for use with a disco ball, but many different spotlights will work. The important factor is that the light is focused, or pointed in a particular direction like a spotlight. The effect will be even better if you are able to point two spotlights at the ball from different directions.\\nYou can mount the spot lights in many different ways. If you get a spotlight specifically for this purpose, it may even attach to the disco ball's base. It may also have a base of its own that you attach to the ceiling separately.\\nThe ideal distance between the mirrored ball and the spotlight depends on the size of the ball, as well as the size and strength of the light. Experiment with positioning the spotlight in different locations relative to the ball and mount it where it provides the desired effect.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Get a disco-specific spotlight.\", \"描述\": \"Some spotlights have features that supplement the lighting effect that is made by the disco ball. For instance, you can get a spotlight that rotates through different colored filters, so that the dots of light moving around the room change color periodically.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building an LED Light Ball\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buy an LED light cord.\", \"描述\": \"Another classic disco decoration is a ball of light. To make one of your own, buy an LED light cord from a hardware store or online. You can get a variety of colors, and there are light cords that change color, flash, and even change effects via remote control.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a bunch of styrofoam or plastic cups.\", \"描述\": \"These will make up the shell of the ball. They are the perfect material, as they will emanate light, they are extremely cheap, and they are readily available at the grocery store.\\nYou will likely need more cups than you think. Of course, this depends on the size of the ball you hope to make, as well as the size of the cups you use.\\nGet about 100 cups just to make sure you have enough.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Glue cups together side-to-side to form a circle.\", \"描述\": \"Use a glue gun to apply a vertical strip of glue to the side of a cup, and press another cup against the strip of glue, so that their sides are touching from top to bottom. The openings of the cups will be tilted slightly away from one another, and the bottoms of the cups will point inwards. Continue adding cups in the same way, taking care to keep the cups on the same plane with one another.\\nThe specific numbers of cups you will use to complete this first circle is largely up to you. Keep in mind that you will be adding additional layers on top of this circle (with a few less cups each time) to complete a dome.\\nIf you’re using classic water-cooler sized styrofoam cups, use 16 cups to complete your first circle.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Add consecutive layers with fewer cups each time.\", \"描述\": \"Nestle a cup into the spaces between each of the cups in the circle, using glue to fasten them. Always point the opening of the cup outwards. Repeat this process with additional layers of cups. It will take fewer cups to complete each layer, until you wind up with a completed half dome.\\nAs you stack layers, the bottoms of each cup will tilt slightly more inwards towards the center of the dome that is slowly forming.\\nIt may be tricky to hold and glue the final few cups in the dome, so use clothespins to help hold the cups while you glue them in place.\\nMake another dome in the same way. Together, these two hemispheres can be joined to complete the shell of your light.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Push a single bulb into the bottom of each cup.\", \"描述\": \"From the inside of your half dome, push an LED bulb into the bottom of each cup, so that the bulb just barely protrudes into the well of the cup.\\nDo the same for other side of the dome as well, then glue the two halves of the dome together with the rest of the LED bulbs balled up inside.\\nIf the LED string is powered by a plug, make sure to run the plug out between some of the cups.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using Disco Light Bulbs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buy a rotating, flashing, and/or color changing light bulb.\", \"描述\": \"There are all sort of light bulbs that create disco-like effects. You can find these at novelty shops or online. There are even some that create the classic disco effect of a rotating field of dots of light. Search online for things like \\\"disco light bulb,\\\" “rotating light bulb,” “magic light bulb,” or “color-changing light bulb.”\\nAmazon has a particularly good selection of this sort of item.\\nMany of these light bulbs come ready for use. You can simply screw them into a compatible socket and start dancing.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Install disco light bulbs in fixtures you already have.\", \"描述\": \"Believe it or not, building a disco light may be as easy as screwing in a light bulb. For instance, remove the cover from a ceiling fixture and replace the regular bulbs with a rotating one. You can also run lamp cords from power sockets to wherever you want to position a disco light bulb.\\nResale or thrift stores are a great place to get light fixtures. You can even remove many of the pieces of an old lamp so you just have a cord with a plug on one end and the bulb receptacle on the other.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Build your own disco light fixture.\", \"描述\": \"Aside from the disco-themed light bulbs, you’ll need a power cord, lamp holders, a lamp holder base, wire nuts, and a back cover for the base if you want the fixture to be free standing. Cut the socket off of the power cord and connect the wires to the lamp holders with the wire nuts. The wire nuts will be tucked behind the lamp holder base.\\nIf you have never wired a light fixture before, have someone who has help you out. Though it may seem intimidating, it’s safe and easy to do.\\nNever work on the wiring of anything that is plugged in. Keep the plug out of the socket whenever you're working on your disco light.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,108 |
How to Build Dog Stairs
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1. Preparing the Wood Sides
1-1. Make a mark on the wood 6 in (15 cm) higher than the bottom front corner.
Lay 1 of your side planks on a flat working table. Pick a corner to be the bottom front of the staircase and, with the aid of measuring tape or a ruler, make a pencil mark 6 in (15 cm) above the corner.
1-2. Create a mark on the wood 8 in (20 cm) in front of the top rear corner.
Find the corner located diagonally across from the bottom front corner. This will be the staircase’s top rear corner. Using a tape measure or ruler, create a pencil mark 8 in (20 cm) in front of the corner.
1-3. Draw a line between the 2 marks.
Place a framing square or straight edge on top of the plank. Align the tool so that 1 of its edges rests on both marks. Hold the tool down with your hand, then trace along the edge with a pencil, creating a solid line.
1-4. Cut the marked line with a circular saw.
Set your wood plank on a sturdy working table or sawhorse. Position the plank so the marked line is not on the table, then secure the plank with woodworking clamps. Set your circular saw on 1 side of the marked line, then turn on the device and slowly cut through the wood. When you’re finished, repeat the entire process with the other side plank.
While sawing, wear heavy duty working gloves and protective goggles for safety.
2. Installing the Tread Cleats
2-1. Set a vertical cleat .75 in (1.9 cm) from the front edge of the side plank.
Place your plywood side plank on a flat working surface. Locate the bottom front corner and measure back for a distance of .75 in (1.9 cm). Apply wood glue to the widest side of horizontal tread cleat and place it so the front edge lines up with the measured distance.
2-2. Place the remaining cleats by using the first as a guide.
With your first cleat secured, the rest should fall into place naturally. Line up the 1.5 in (3.8 cm) end of a long horizontal tread cleat with the upper rear side of the first tread cleat, then hold it down with wood glue. Next, line up the 1.5 in (3.8 cm) bottom of a vertical tread cleat with the top rear side of the horizontal tread cleat and secure it with glue. Repeat this with another vertical and long horizontal tread cleat, creating a staircase pattern.
To leave enough room for the horizontal risers, the 1.5 in (3.8 cm) top side of each vertical tread cleat should remain uncovered.
2-3. Finish the support structure with the short horizontal tread cleat.
To finish your staircase support guides, place the 1.5 in (3.8 cm) end of the short horizontal tread cleat against the upper rear end of the final vertical tread cleat. Then, secure the plank with wood glue. When you’re finished, there should be a .75 in (1.9 cm) gap between the end of the short horizontal tread and the edge of the side plank.
2-4. Nail your cleats to the board.
Check that each cleat is level using a speed square. Then, secure each cleat to the board with 1 in (2.5 cm) finishing nails. Use 3 to 4 nails per cleat and space them out as evenly as possible. Then, repeat the entire installation process with the other side plank.
3. Assembling the Stairs
3-1. Attach your vertical risers to the vertical cleats.
Place wood glue on the front edge of the lowest vertical cleat, then press a vertical riser to it. Make sure the riser is level, then secure it by pressing 1.25 in (3.2 cm) finishing nails through the front of the riser into the cleat. Do the same for the other 2 vertical risers and cleats, then attach the opposite ends of the risers to the cleats on the other side plank.
3-2. Fix your horizontal risers to the horizontal cleats.
Squirt wood glue onto the bottom edge of a horizontal riser and the top edges of 2 parallel horizontal cleats. Press the riser onto the cleats, making sure the front edge is directly on top of the adjacent vertical riser. Then, secure the riser by pushing 1.25 in (3.2 cm) finishing nails through the front and top of the riser into the horizontal cleats. Repeat this with the remaining risers.
3-3. Nail your support plank to the back of the staircase.
Cover the back edges of your staircase with wood glue, then press your support plank to it. The plank should sit flush against the side planks and upper horizontal riser. Then, secure the support plank by nailing 1.25 in (3.2 cm) finishing nails through the plank into the rest of the staircase.
Tips
This guide uses measurements designed for a set of dog stairs with 3 steps. To make a larger staircase, increase the measurements accordingly.
Once you’ve assembled the core staircase, try painting it, staining it, adding wood trim to the sides, or decorating it however you wish.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Preparing the Wood Sides\\n1-1. Make a mark on the wood 6 in (15 cm) higher than the bottom front corner.\\nLay 1 of your side planks on a flat working table. Pick a corner to be the bottom front of the staircase and, with the aid of measuring tape or a ruler, make a pencil mark 6 in (15 cm) above the corner.\\n1-2. Create a mark on the wood 8 in (20 cm) in front of the top rear corner.\\nFind the corner located diagonally across from the bottom front corner. This will be the staircase’s top rear corner. Using a tape measure or ruler, create a pencil mark 8 in (20 cm) in front of the corner.\\n1-3. Draw a line between the 2 marks.\\nPlace a framing square or straight edge on top of the plank. Align the tool so that 1 of its edges rests on both marks. Hold the tool down with your hand, then trace along the edge with a pencil, creating a solid line.\\n1-4. Cut the marked line with a circular saw.\\nSet your wood plank on a sturdy working table or sawhorse. Position the plank so the marked line is not on the table, then secure the plank with woodworking clamps. Set your circular saw on 1 side of the marked line, then turn on the device and slowly cut through the wood. When you’re finished, repeat the entire process with the other side plank. \\nWhile sawing, wear heavy duty working gloves and protective goggles for safety.\\n2. Installing the Tread Cleats\\n2-1. Set a vertical cleat .75 in (1.9 cm) from the front edge of the side plank.\\nPlace your plywood side plank on a flat working surface. Locate the bottom front corner and measure back for a distance of .75 in (1.9 cm). Apply wood glue to the widest side of horizontal tread cleat and place it so the front edge lines up with the measured distance.\\n2-2. Place the remaining cleats by using the first as a guide.\\nWith your first cleat secured, the rest should fall into place naturally. Line up the 1.5 in (3.8 cm) end of a long horizontal tread cleat with the upper rear side of the first tread cleat, then hold it down with wood glue. Next, line up the 1.5 in (3.8 cm) bottom of a vertical tread cleat with the top rear side of the horizontal tread cleat and secure it with glue. Repeat this with another vertical and long horizontal tread cleat, creating a staircase pattern.\\nTo leave enough room for the horizontal risers, the 1.5 in (3.8 cm) top side of each vertical tread cleat should remain uncovered.\\n2-3. Finish the support structure with the short horizontal tread cleat.\\nTo finish your staircase support guides, place the 1.5 in (3.8 cm) end of the short horizontal tread cleat against the upper rear end of the final vertical tread cleat. Then, secure the plank with wood glue. When you’re finished, there should be a .75 in (1.9 cm) gap between the end of the short horizontal tread and the edge of the side plank.\\n2-4. Nail your cleats to the board.\\nCheck that each cleat is level using a speed square. Then, secure each cleat to the board with 1 in (2.5 cm) finishing nails. Use 3 to 4 nails per cleat and space them out as evenly as possible. Then, repeat the entire installation process with the other side plank.\\n3. Assembling the Stairs\\n3-1. Attach your vertical risers to the vertical cleats.\\nPlace wood glue on the front edge of the lowest vertical cleat, then press a vertical riser to it. Make sure the riser is level, then secure it by pressing 1.25 in (3.2 cm) finishing nails through the front of the riser into the cleat. Do the same for the other 2 vertical risers and cleats, then attach the opposite ends of the risers to the cleats on the other side plank.\\n3-2. Fix your horizontal risers to the horizontal cleats.\\nSquirt wood glue onto the bottom edge of a horizontal riser and the top edges of 2 parallel horizontal cleats. Press the riser onto the cleats, making sure the front edge is directly on top of the adjacent vertical riser. Then, secure the riser by pushing 1.25 in (3.2 cm) finishing nails through the front and top of the riser into the horizontal cleats. Repeat this with the remaining risers.\\n3-3. Nail your support plank to the back of the staircase.\\nCover the back edges of your staircase with wood glue, then press your support plank to it. The plank should sit flush against the side planks and upper horizontal riser. Then, secure the support plank by nailing 1.25 in (3.2 cm) finishing nails through the plank into the rest of the staircase.\\nTips\\nThis guide uses measurements designed for a set of dog stairs with 3 steps. To make a larger staircase, increase the measurements accordingly.\\nOnce you’ve assembled the core staircase, try painting it, staining it, adding wood trim to the sides, or decorating it however you wish.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Whether it’s for performing tricks or getting around the house, every dog deserves its own set of pet stairs. Though there are plenty of professional options out there, building your own set of stairs is a fun, simple task that will give your dog something unique to climb on.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Preparing the Wood Sides\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make a mark on the wood 6 in (15 cm) higher than the bottom front corner.\", \"描述\": \"Lay 1 of your side planks on a flat working table. Pick a corner to be the bottom front of the staircase and, with the aid of measuring tape or a ruler, make a pencil mark 6 in (15 cm) above the corner.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Create a mark on the wood 8 in (20 cm) in front of the top rear corner.\", \"描述\": \"Find the corner located diagonally across from the bottom front corner. This will be the staircase’s top rear corner. Using a tape measure or ruler, create a pencil mark 8 in (20 cm) in front of the corner.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Draw a line between the 2 marks.\", \"描述\": \"Place a framing square or straight edge on top of the plank. Align the tool so that 1 of its edges rests on both marks. Hold the tool down with your hand, then trace along the edge with a pencil, creating a solid line.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cut the marked line with a circular saw.\", \"描述\": \"Set your wood plank on a sturdy working table or sawhorse. Position the plank so the marked line is not on the table, then secure the plank with woodworking clamps. Set your circular saw on 1 side of the marked line, then turn on the device and slowly cut through the wood. When you’re finished, repeat the entire process with the other side plank. \\nWhile sawing, wear heavy duty working gloves and protective goggles for safety.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Installing the Tread Cleats\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Set a vertical cleat .75 in (1.9 cm) from the front edge of the side plank.\", \"描述\": \"Place your plywood side plank on a flat working surface. Locate the bottom front corner and measure back for a distance of .75 in (1.9 cm). Apply wood glue to the widest side of horizontal tread cleat and place it so the front edge lines up with the measured distance.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Place the remaining cleats by using the first as a guide.\", \"描述\": \"With your first cleat secured, the rest should fall into place naturally. Line up the 1.5 in (3.8 cm) end of a long horizontal tread cleat with the upper rear side of the first tread cleat, then hold it down with wood glue. Next, line up the 1.5 in (3.8 cm) bottom of a vertical tread cleat with the top rear side of the horizontal tread cleat and secure it with glue. Repeat this with another vertical and long horizontal tread cleat, creating a staircase pattern.\\nTo leave enough room for the horizontal risers, the 1.5 in (3.8 cm) top side of each vertical tread cleat should remain uncovered.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Finish the support structure with the short horizontal tread cleat.\", \"描述\": \"To finish your staircase support guides, place the 1.5 in (3.8 cm) end of the short horizontal tread cleat against the upper rear end of the final vertical tread cleat. Then, secure the plank with wood glue. When you’re finished, there should be a .75 in (1.9 cm) gap between the end of the short horizontal tread and the edge of the side plank.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Nail your cleats to the board.\", \"描述\": \"Check that each cleat is level using a speed square. Then, secure each cleat to the board with 1 in (2.5 cm) finishing nails. Use 3 to 4 nails per cleat and space them out as evenly as possible. Then, repeat the entire installation process with the other side plank.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Assembling the Stairs\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Attach your vertical risers to the vertical cleats.\", \"描述\": \"Place wood glue on the front edge of the lowest vertical cleat, then press a vertical riser to it. Make sure the riser is level, then secure it by pressing 1.25 in (3.2 cm) finishing nails through the front of the riser into the cleat. Do the same for the other 2 vertical risers and cleats, then attach the opposite ends of the risers to the cleats on the other side plank.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Fix your horizontal risers to the horizontal cleats.\", \"描述\": \"Squirt wood glue onto the bottom edge of a horizontal riser and the top edges of 2 parallel horizontal cleats. Press the riser onto the cleats, making sure the front edge is directly on top of the adjacent vertical riser. Then, secure the riser by pushing 1.25 in (3.2 cm) finishing nails through the front and top of the riser into the horizontal cleats. Repeat this with the remaining risers.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Nail your support plank to the back of the staircase.\", \"描述\": \"Cover the back edges of your staircase with wood glue, then press your support plank to it. The plank should sit flush against the side planks and upper horizontal riser. Then, secure the support plank by nailing 1.25 in (3.2 cm) finishing nails through the plank into the rest of the staircase.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"This guide uses measurements designed for a set of dog stairs with 3 steps. To make a larger staircase, increase the measurements accordingly.\\n\", \"Once you’ve assembled the core staircase, try painting it, staining it, adding wood trim to the sides, or decorating it however you wish.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,109 |
How to Build Drawers for a Desk
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1. Determining the Right Measurements and Wood For Your Project
1-1. Use a ruler to measure the depth, width, and height for your drawer.
Before you buy the supplies for your drawer, you need to figure out how big you want it to be. Measure the space under the desk and then decide what size drawer will fit well in the space.
You will need to determine the depth, width, and height that you want the drawer to be before buying supplies.
The drawer does not need to span the entire width of the desk. Just measure out the area where you think the drawer size you want might fit nicely.
1-2. Measure the leg clearance that you will need under your drawer.
When planning out the drawer, you need to make sure that it will not block your legs from going under the desk. To plan this out, sit at the desk in the chair you will use and measure the distance between the top of your legs and the bottom of the desk. This distance will determine how tall your drawer can be.
Give yourself a few inches between the top of your legs and where the bottom of the drawer will be. This will ensure that you are able to comfortably move your legs in and out of the area once the drawer is installed.
1-3. Buy enough lumber to make each section of the drawer.
You will need a piece of plywood that is the width and depth of the drawer you want to make. You will also need a piece of lumber that has a width that is the same as the height of the drawer. This piece of wood should be long enough so that you can cut it into the four side pieces.
The lumber for the sides of the drawer should be about .5 inches (1.3 cm) thick. This will make the drawer sturdy but not too heavy.
To figure out how much wood you need for the four side pieces, add together the width and depth of the drawer and double that number. This will give you just a bit more length than you need.
1-4. Pick out drawer slides for the underside of the desk.
Drawer slide hardware allows the drawer to move in and out using wheels or ball bearings and it comes in a wide variety of styles. You will need to get a set that can attach to the side of the drawer, instead of the bottom of the drawer. The slides you want should also attach directly to the underside of the desk, as opposed to being made to attach to the inside of a contained area or another configuration.
Also, the slides need to be the right length. They should be the same length as the depth of the drawer, or a few inches shorter.
2. Building the Drawer Frame
2-1. Measure and mark out the plywood for the bottom of the drawer.
The measurements for this piece of plywood should be the drawer width by the overall depth of the drawer. Mark the width measurement on a straight edge of the plywood. Then use a framing square to make a square corner and use the depth measurement to draw a line up from the corner. Repeat this on the other end of the width marks and then complete the rectangle with a final line.
For example, if you want a drawer that is 2 feet (0.61 m) wide by 1 foot (0.30 m) deep, your plywood should also have those dimensions.
2-2. Cut out the plywood for the bottom of the drawer.
Use a circular saw, jig saw, or table saw to cut along the lines you drew. Take your time and cut the wood slowly so that your cuts are straight and smooth.
If you don't get exactly straight cuts, you can use sandpaper to smooth out the edges.
2-3. Measure out the front, back, and side pieces of wood.
These 4 pieces will create the frame of the drawer. The front and back pieces of wood will need to be the total width you want the drawer to be. The length of the side pieces will need to be the desired depth of the drawer minus the width of the front and back pieces of wood.
For example, if your drawer needs to be 12 inches (30 cm) wide and 8 inches (20 cm) deep, the front and back pieces should be 12 inches (30 cm) long. The side pieces should be 8 inches (20 cm) minus the width of the front and back pieces.
You need to adjust the length of the side pieces because they will have the front and back pieces attached to their ends.
2-4. Cut out the 4 pieces of wood for the drawer frame.
Use your saw to cut along the lines you have marked on your wood. After you have made your cuts, check the length of your pieces and ensure that you know which ones are the front and back pieces and which ones go on the sides.
2-5. Position the side, front, and back pieces so they form the frame.
Place all four frame pieces on a flat work surface. Place the front and back pieces on their sides parallel to each other at the same distance apart as the depth of the drawer will be. Then place the left and right side pieces inside the ends of the front and back pieces.
When positioned correctly, the ends of the left and right side pieces will be covered by the ends of the front and back pieces.
2-6. Glue the frame together.
Run a line of wood glue on the surfaces where the end of the left and right sides and the front and back pieces contact each other. Once a thin layer of glue is applied, clamp all four sides together with straps or clamps.
As you are attaching the sides, make sure to keep the whole frame square. Check it with the framing square after positioning, gluing, and clamping them to ensure that your drawer stays square.
2-7. Screw the frame pieces together.
Drill pilot holes at each corner through the front and back pieces into the side pieces. Then insert screws to attach them securely together.
Use screws that are long enough to go through the front and back pieces and securely into the side pieces.
2-8. Screw the bottom of the drawer onto the bottom of the frame.
Place the bottom of the drawer on the top of the frame. Check that the piece of plywood you have fits over the frame exactly and then run a bead of glue along the top of the frame where it will meet the plywood. Position the plywood and clamp it in place before making pilot holes and screwing it to the frame.
When drilling and screwing the plywood into place, be sure that you are going into the center of the frame pieces exactly. If you miss the center, you could be inserting screws into the inside of your drawer.
2-9. Put a finish on the drawer if you'd like.
If you want the drawer painted, stained, or sealed, now is the time to do it. Make sure that the finish is thoroughly dried before proceeding with attaching it to the desk.
It may be that you want the drawer to match the desk as closely as possible, in which case you would want to try and match the paint or stain on the desk. However, you could paint or stain it a contrasting color to make it stand out and give it a decorative look.
3. Attaching the Drawer
3-1. Trace the drawer on the underside of the desk.
Place the drawer on the underside of the desk where you want it to be positioned when it is closed. Trace around it with a pencil when it is in the right spot.
These marks will help you install the sliding hardware in the correct position.
3-2. Attach the sliding hardware to the underside of the desk.
In most cases, you will attach two metal slide guides onto the underside of the desk with screws. These slides will be positioned on both sides of the drawer, lined up with the outline you traced there. Your specific slides will come with instructions for how far off the outline your slides need to go, so be sure to follow the directions.
It’s important that the slide guides are the correct distance apart and installed parallel to each other so that the drawer can slide in and out easily.
3-3. Screw the sliding hardware onto the drawer.
Follow the directions that came with the slides to position them correctly on the sides of the drawer. Pay close attention to how far down from the top of the drawer they are, how far from the front of the drawer they are, and that they are level. Once they are positioned correctly, mark the holes where the screws will go with a pencil. Then screw the slide hardware onto the drawer with the screws supplied with the slides.
It may be that you have to put the drawer in place between the slide guides you already installed and mark their position on the side of the drawer before attaching the slide hardware on the drawer. Do this if your slide instructions tell you to do it.
In some cases you will also put the sliding hardware into position in the slide guides and then put the drawer in place. This will allow you to mark exactly where on the drawer the screws that hold the slide hardware should go.
3-4. Insert the drawer into place.
Once the slide hardware is attached, insert the slide pieces that are attached to the drawer into the slide pieces that are attached to the underside of the desk. How the slide guides and the slide hardware connects varies, so consult the directions if it is unclear.
Tips
Instead of building your own drawer, you can use a small filing cabinet, an attachable drawer, or boxes or other organizational containers to hold your desk supplies.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:01",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Determining the Right Measurements and Wood For Your Project\\n1-1. Use a ruler to measure the depth, width, and height for your drawer.\\nBefore you buy the supplies for your drawer, you need to figure out how big you want it to be. Measure the space under the desk and then decide what size drawer will fit well in the space.\\nYou will need to determine the depth, width, and height that you want the drawer to be before buying supplies.\\nThe drawer does not need to span the entire width of the desk. Just measure out the area where you think the drawer size you want might fit nicely.\\n1-2. Measure the leg clearance that you will need under your drawer.\\nWhen planning out the drawer, you need to make sure that it will not block your legs from going under the desk. To plan this out, sit at the desk in the chair you will use and measure the distance between the top of your legs and the bottom of the desk. This distance will determine how tall your drawer can be.\\nGive yourself a few inches between the top of your legs and where the bottom of the drawer will be. This will ensure that you are able to comfortably move your legs in and out of the area once the drawer is installed.\\n1-3. Buy enough lumber to make each section of the drawer.\\nYou will need a piece of plywood that is the width and depth of the drawer you want to make. You will also need a piece of lumber that has a width that is the same as the height of the drawer. This piece of wood should be long enough so that you can cut it into the four side pieces.\\nThe lumber for the sides of the drawer should be about .5 inches (1.3 cm) thick. This will make the drawer sturdy but not too heavy.\\nTo figure out how much wood you need for the four side pieces, add together the width and depth of the drawer and double that number. This will give you just a bit more length than you need.\\n1-4. Pick out drawer slides for the underside of the desk.\\nDrawer slide hardware allows the drawer to move in and out using wheels or ball bearings and it comes in a wide variety of styles. You will need to get a set that can attach to the side of the drawer, instead of the bottom of the drawer. The slides you want should also attach directly to the underside of the desk, as opposed to being made to attach to the inside of a contained area or another configuration.\\nAlso, the slides need to be the right length. They should be the same length as the depth of the drawer, or a few inches shorter.\\n2. Building the Drawer Frame\\n2-1. Measure and mark out the plywood for the bottom of the drawer.\\nThe measurements for this piece of plywood should be the drawer width by the overall depth of the drawer. Mark the width measurement on a straight edge of the plywood. Then use a framing square to make a square corner and use the depth measurement to draw a line up from the corner. Repeat this on the other end of the width marks and then complete the rectangle with a final line.\\nFor example, if you want a drawer that is 2 feet (0.61 m) wide by 1 foot (0.30 m) deep, your plywood should also have those dimensions.\\n2-2. Cut out the plywood for the bottom of the drawer.\\nUse a circular saw, jig saw, or table saw to cut along the lines you drew. Take your time and cut the wood slowly so that your cuts are straight and smooth.\\nIf you don't get exactly straight cuts, you can use sandpaper to smooth out the edges.\\n2-3. Measure out the front, back, and side pieces of wood.\\nThese 4 pieces will create the frame of the drawer. The front and back pieces of wood will need to be the total width you want the drawer to be. The length of the side pieces will need to be the desired depth of the drawer minus the width of the front and back pieces of wood.\\nFor example, if your drawer needs to be 12 inches (30 cm) wide and 8 inches (20 cm) deep, the front and back pieces should be 12 inches (30 cm) long. The side pieces should be 8 inches (20 cm) minus the width of the front and back pieces.\\nYou need to adjust the length of the side pieces because they will have the front and back pieces attached to their ends.\\n2-4. Cut out the 4 pieces of wood for the drawer frame.\\nUse your saw to cut along the lines you have marked on your wood. After you have made your cuts, check the length of your pieces and ensure that you know which ones are the front and back pieces and which ones go on the sides.\\n2-5. Position the side, front, and back pieces so they form the frame.\\nPlace all four frame pieces on a flat work surface. Place the front and back pieces on their sides parallel to each other at the same distance apart as the depth of the drawer will be. Then place the left and right side pieces inside the ends of the front and back pieces.\\nWhen positioned correctly, the ends of the left and right side pieces will be covered by the ends of the front and back pieces.\\n2-6. Glue the frame together.\\nRun a line of wood glue on the surfaces where the end of the left and right sides and the front and back pieces contact each other. Once a thin layer of glue is applied, clamp all four sides together with straps or clamps. \\nAs you are attaching the sides, make sure to keep the whole frame square. Check it with the framing square after positioning, gluing, and clamping them to ensure that your drawer stays square.\\n2-7. Screw the frame pieces together.\\nDrill pilot holes at each corner through the front and back pieces into the side pieces. Then insert screws to attach them securely together.\\nUse screws that are long enough to go through the front and back pieces and securely into the side pieces.\\n2-8. Screw the bottom of the drawer onto the bottom of the frame.\\nPlace the bottom of the drawer on the top of the frame. Check that the piece of plywood you have fits over the frame exactly and then run a bead of glue along the top of the frame where it will meet the plywood. Position the plywood and clamp it in place before making pilot holes and screwing it to the frame.\\nWhen drilling and screwing the plywood into place, be sure that you are going into the center of the frame pieces exactly. If you miss the center, you could be inserting screws into the inside of your drawer.\\n2-9. Put a finish on the drawer if you'd like.\\nIf you want the drawer painted, stained, or sealed, now is the time to do it. Make sure that the finish is thoroughly dried before proceeding with attaching it to the desk.\\nIt may be that you want the drawer to match the desk as closely as possible, in which case you would want to try and match the paint or stain on the desk. However, you could paint or stain it a contrasting color to make it stand out and give it a decorative look.\\n3. Attaching the Drawer\\n3-1. Trace the drawer on the underside of the desk.\\nPlace the drawer on the underside of the desk where you want it to be positioned when it is closed. Trace around it with a pencil when it is in the right spot. \\nThese marks will help you install the sliding hardware in the correct position.\\n3-2. Attach the sliding hardware to the underside of the desk.\\nIn most cases, you will attach two metal slide guides onto the underside of the desk with screws. These slides will be positioned on both sides of the drawer, lined up with the outline you traced there. Your specific slides will come with instructions for how far off the outline your slides need to go, so be sure to follow the directions.\\nIt’s important that the slide guides are the correct distance apart and installed parallel to each other so that the drawer can slide in and out easily.\\n3-3. Screw the sliding hardware onto the drawer.\\nFollow the directions that came with the slides to position them correctly on the sides of the drawer. Pay close attention to how far down from the top of the drawer they are, how far from the front of the drawer they are, and that they are level. Once they are positioned correctly, mark the holes where the screws will go with a pencil. Then screw the slide hardware onto the drawer with the screws supplied with the slides. \\nIt may be that you have to put the drawer in place between the slide guides you already installed and mark their position on the side of the drawer before attaching the slide hardware on the drawer. Do this if your slide instructions tell you to do it.\\nIn some cases you will also put the sliding hardware into position in the slide guides and then put the drawer in place. This will allow you to mark exactly where on the drawer the screws that hold the slide hardware should go.\\n3-4. Insert the drawer into place.\\nOnce the slide hardware is attached, insert the slide pieces that are attached to the drawer into the slide pieces that are attached to the underside of the desk. How the slide guides and the slide hardware connects varies, so consult the directions if it is unclear.\\nTips\\nInstead of building your own drawer, you can use a small filing cabinet, an attachable drawer, or boxes or other organizational containers to hold your desk supplies.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Whether you’re making a desk for a personal project, or fixing a broken or missing drawer, making your own drawers can be a fun and easy process! In fact, drawers are actually relatively easy to make, as a drawer is basically just a box that moves in and out on a track. You just need to make the drawer itself, buy drawer slides, and figure out how to attach it to the desk. With a few supplies and a bit of time, you can have a brand new drawer to store all your desk supplies in.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Determining the Right Measurements and Wood For Your Project\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use a ruler to measure the depth, width, and height for your drawer.\", \"描述\": \"Before you buy the supplies for your drawer, you need to figure out how big you want it to be. Measure the space under the desk and then decide what size drawer will fit well in the space.\\nYou will need to determine the depth, width, and height that you want the drawer to be before buying supplies.\\nThe drawer does not need to span the entire width of the desk. Just measure out the area where you think the drawer size you want might fit nicely.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Measure the leg clearance that you will need under your drawer.\", \"描述\": \"When planning out the drawer, you need to make sure that it will not block your legs from going under the desk. To plan this out, sit at the desk in the chair you will use and measure the distance between the top of your legs and the bottom of the desk. This distance will determine how tall your drawer can be.\\nGive yourself a few inches between the top of your legs and where the bottom of the drawer will be. This will ensure that you are able to comfortably move your legs in and out of the area once the drawer is installed.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Buy enough lumber to make each section of the drawer.\", \"描述\": \"You will need a piece of plywood that is the width and depth of the drawer you want to make. You will also need a piece of lumber that has a width that is the same as the height of the drawer. This piece of wood should be long enough so that you can cut it into the four side pieces.\\nThe lumber for the sides of the drawer should be about .5 inches (1.3 cm) thick. This will make the drawer sturdy but not too heavy.\\nTo figure out how much wood you need for the four side pieces, add together the width and depth of the drawer and double that number. This will give you just a bit more length than you need.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pick out drawer slides for the underside of the desk.\", \"描述\": \"Drawer slide hardware allows the drawer to move in and out using wheels or ball bearings and it comes in a wide variety of styles. You will need to get a set that can attach to the side of the drawer, instead of the bottom of the drawer. The slides you want should also attach directly to the underside of the desk, as opposed to being made to attach to the inside of a contained area or another configuration.\\nAlso, the slides need to be the right length. They should be the same length as the depth of the drawer, or a few inches shorter.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building the Drawer Frame\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Measure and mark out the plywood for the bottom of the drawer.\", \"描述\": \"The measurements for this piece of plywood should be the drawer width by the overall depth of the drawer. Mark the width measurement on a straight edge of the plywood. Then use a framing square to make a square corner and use the depth measurement to draw a line up from the corner. Repeat this on the other end of the width marks and then complete the rectangle with a final line.\\nFor example, if you want a drawer that is 2 feet (0.61 m) wide by 1 foot (0.30 m) deep, your plywood should also have those dimensions.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Cut out the plywood for the bottom of the drawer.\", \"描述\": \"Use a circular saw, jig saw, or table saw to cut along the lines you drew. Take your time and cut the wood slowly so that your cuts are straight and smooth.\\nIf you don't get exactly straight cuts, you can use sandpaper to smooth out the edges.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Measure out the front, back, and side pieces of wood.\", \"描述\": \"These 4 pieces will create the frame of the drawer. The front and back pieces of wood will need to be the total width you want the drawer to be. The length of the side pieces will need to be the desired depth of the drawer minus the width of the front and back pieces of wood.\\nFor example, if your drawer needs to be 12 inches (30 cm) wide and 8 inches (20 cm) deep, the front and back pieces should be 12 inches (30 cm) long. The side pieces should be 8 inches (20 cm) minus the width of the front and back pieces.\\nYou need to adjust the length of the side pieces because they will have the front and back pieces attached to their ends.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cut out the 4 pieces of wood for the drawer frame.\", \"描述\": \"Use your saw to cut along the lines you have marked on your wood. After you have made your cuts, check the length of your pieces and ensure that you know which ones are the front and back pieces and which ones go on the sides.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Position the side, front, and back pieces so they form the frame.\", \"描述\": \"Place all four frame pieces on a flat work surface. Place the front and back pieces on their sides parallel to each other at the same distance apart as the depth of the drawer will be. Then place the left and right side pieces inside the ends of the front and back pieces.\\nWhen positioned correctly, the ends of the left and right side pieces will be covered by the ends of the front and back pieces.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Glue the frame together.\", \"描述\": \"Run a line of wood glue on the surfaces where the end of the left and right sides and the front and back pieces contact each other. Once a thin layer of glue is applied, clamp all four sides together with straps or clamps. \\nAs you are attaching the sides, make sure to keep the whole frame square. Check it with the framing square after positioning, gluing, and clamping them to ensure that your drawer stays square.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Screw the frame pieces together.\", \"描述\": \"Drill pilot holes at each corner through the front and back pieces into the side pieces. Then insert screws to attach them securely together.\\nUse screws that are long enough to go through the front and back pieces and securely into the side pieces.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Screw the bottom of the drawer onto the bottom of the frame.\", \"描述\": \"Place the bottom of the drawer on the top of the frame. Check that the piece of plywood you have fits over the frame exactly and then run a bead of glue along the top of the frame where it will meet the plywood. Position the plywood and clamp it in place before making pilot holes and screwing it to the frame.\\nWhen drilling and screwing the plywood into place, be sure that you are going into the center of the frame pieces exactly. If you miss the center, you could be inserting screws into the inside of your drawer.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Put a finish on the drawer if you'd like.\", \"描述\": \"If you want the drawer painted, stained, or sealed, now is the time to do it. Make sure that the finish is thoroughly dried before proceeding with attaching it to the desk.\\nIt may be that you want the drawer to match the desk as closely as possible, in which case you would want to try and match the paint or stain on the desk. However, you could paint or stain it a contrasting color to make it stand out and give it a decorative look.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attaching the Drawer\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Trace the drawer on the underside of the desk.\", \"描述\": \"Place the drawer on the underside of the desk where you want it to be positioned when it is closed. Trace around it with a pencil when it is in the right spot. \\nThese marks will help you install the sliding hardware in the correct position.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attach the sliding hardware to the underside of the desk.\", \"描述\": \"In most cases, you will attach two metal slide guides onto the underside of the desk with screws. These slides will be positioned on both sides of the drawer, lined up with the outline you traced there. Your specific slides will come with instructions for how far off the outline your slides need to go, so be sure to follow the directions.\\nIt’s important that the slide guides are the correct distance apart and installed parallel to each other so that the drawer can slide in and out easily.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Screw the sliding hardware onto the drawer.\", \"描述\": \"Follow the directions that came with the slides to position them correctly on the sides of the drawer. Pay close attention to how far down from the top of the drawer they are, how far from the front of the drawer they are, and that they are level. Once they are positioned correctly, mark the holes where the screws will go with a pencil. Then screw the slide hardware onto the drawer with the screws supplied with the slides. \\nIt may be that you have to put the drawer in place between the slide guides you already installed and mark their position on the side of the drawer before attaching the slide hardware on the drawer. Do this if your slide instructions tell you to do it.\\nIn some cases you will also put the sliding hardware into position in the slide guides and then put the drawer in place. This will allow you to mark exactly where on the drawer the screws that hold the slide hardware should go.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Insert the drawer into place.\", \"描述\": \"Once the slide hardware is attached, insert the slide pieces that are attached to the drawer into the slide pieces that are attached to the underside of the desk. How the slide guides and the slide hardware connects varies, so consult the directions if it is unclear.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Instead of building your own drawer, you can use a small filing cabinet, an attachable drawer, or boxes or other organizational containers to hold your desk supplies.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,110 |
How to Build Drawers for a Workbench
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1. Installing the Spacers
1-1. Measure the available space under your workbench.
Take a tape measure and check the height, length, and width of the space under the workbench. Write each dimension down so you don’t forget it. Use these measurements to cut the wood to the correct size.
Remember that you’re only measuring the space underneath the bench, not the whole workbench. Measuring the whole bench will make your measurements too large.
Measure at every step of this project to confirm that your sizing is all correct. If any of your measurements are off, the drawers and runners will be the wrong size.
1-2. Measure and mark 3 pieces of plywood to fit under the bench.
These plywood sheets will form the spacers for the drawers. Standard, ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) thick plywood is ideal. Measure each one to match the height and length of the space under the bench bench. Use a straightedge to mark each board to the correct dimensions.
Each spacer will be installed vertically, meaning their edges will point up and down. The idea of cutting them it to make sure they slide into the space under the bench while pointing vertically.
If the space under your workbench is a length of 30 inches (76 cm), and a height of 40 inches (100 cm), then measure the boards to cover those dimensions. Each board should have the same dimensions, unless the bench is crooked or wasn't built straight.
If the plywood boards are too small for the workbench, you can use multiple boards in a row or, if you’re not installing that many drawers, just leave the boards short. If you want to fill all the space under the bench, you can probably fit 2 or 3 columns of drawers that are 6 inches (15 cm) deep and 12 inches (30 cm) wide, although this depends on the size of your workbench.
1-3. Cut the pieces of plywood sheets along the lines.
Use a table saw or circular saw. Cut along each line you drew on the plywood. Keep the saw straight so your cuts aren’t off.
Always wear goggles and gloves when using a power saw. Keep your fingers at least 6 inches (15 cm) away from the blade while it’s spinning.
For the straightest cuts, a table saw is best. If you don’t have a table saw, then pay close attention to staying on the lines with a circular saw.
Test each piece before moving on. Make sure it slides underneath the bench easily.
1-4. Drill one pocket hole
Pocket holes are drilled at a 15-degree angle with the wood to make a path for a diagonal screw. Use a power drill and make a pocket hole in each corner of the plywood, where the sheet will attach to the bench. Each sheet should have 4 holes, 1 in each corner.
Drilling diagonally is dangerous and you could slip. Keep your hand out of the way of the drill to avoid accidents.
There are pocket hole molds that make drilling the holes easier. Get one from a hardware store and clamp it to the wood. Drill through each of the guide holes for perfect pocket holes.
1-5. Attach a plywood sheet to each side of the workbench.
Take the first 2 sheets and slide them into the workbench on each side. Let the sheets rest on the support beams that run across the front and back of the bench, if the bench has these. Make sure the sheets are flush with the front and back of the bench. Hold them in place and drill a screw through each of your pilot holes and into the bench.
If the sheets make a tight fit, use a rubber mallet and tap them into position.
If the sheets are short, then lift them so they touch the top of the bench and clamp them in place. Then screw them in.
This assumes that your workbench is made of wood, which most are. If your bench is made of metal, then you'll have to pre-drill holes through the metal and attach the boards with nuts and bolts.
1-6. Install the third sheet directly in the middle of the workbench.
Measure and mark the point directly in the middle of the bench. Then slide the third sheet into position at that point. Make it flush with the front and back of the bench. Drill screws through the pocket holes to secure it to the bench.
If there is 48 inches (120 cm) between the two sides, then make a mark at 24 inches (61 cm).
This is only if you want your drawers to be equal sizes. If you want one drawer bigger than the other, then attach the spacer accordingly.
The the bench has horizontal support beams, the spacers should rest on them. If not, they can rest on the floor.
2. Building the Drawers
2-1. Measure the width between each spacer in the workbench.
This determines the width of each drawer. Use your tape measure and check the distance between each spacer. Write these measurements down and use them to make your drawers.
Take special care to measure exactly if you’re making drawers that aren’t the same size. Confirm how much space you have for each one.
Even if you made the spacers equal-distance apart, still measure each side to confirm. Otherwise, your drawers might not be the right size.
2-2. Mark the plywood for the base, front, back, and sides of the drawers.
For the drawer sides, measure the length of the workbench and how deep you want the drawers to be. For the front and back, measure the width between the spacers and the depth of the drawers. For the base, measure the length of the bench and width between the spacers. Mark all of these measurements on the wood in pencil.
The amount of wood you use depends on how many drawers you’re making.
The depth of the drawers depends on how much storage space you want. For papers or light items, 3 inches (7.6 cm) would work. To store tools or larger items, make them at least 6 inches (15 cm).
2-3. Cut the plywood for the drawer base and sides.
Use a table saw, circular saw, or miter saw to make the cuts. Cut along each line you drew. Make sure you keep the saw straight so the cuts are exact.
Wear gloves and goggles while operating the saw.
2-4. Screw the drawer sides together to make a rectangle.
Arrange the side, front, and back pieces of each drawer to make a rectangle. Drill 2 screws into each corner to secure the pieces together. Repeat this process for all the drawers.
If you prefer, you can drill pocket holes into each piece. This hides the screws better, but it isn’t a necessary step.
If you won’t be storing heavy items in these drawers, then you could just use wood glue to fasten them together.
2-5. Squeeze a layer of wood glue along the bottom border of the drawer.
Work along the border and squeeze out a line of glue. Use the same amount on each drawer you’re building.
This is a quicker method of attaching the base. If you prefer, you can use screws on the base as well, instead of glue.
2-6. Press the base piece onto the glue.
Line up the base board with the sides of the drawer. Then press the board down and apply pressure to make the glue stick. Run your hand around the border to ensure the board is attached at all points.
For extra security, you can add nails or screws along the bottom to hold the base in place. If the panel is thin enough, you can also use staples.
2-7. Install handles on the front of each drawer.
Measure the distance between the screw holes in the handles you’re using and mark those points on the front of each drawer. Drill a hole into each point. Then, hold the handle over the holes and install the screws from the back. Repeat this for each drawer.
You can buy handle kits from hardware stores.
3. Attaching the Drawers
3-1. Attach the sliders to the bottom of each drawer.
This hardware allows the drawers to slide in and out of the bench. Place a slider on each side of the drawers. Line them up with the bottom edge of the drawer, running from front to back, and make sure they’re straight. Then screw each one into place.
Different slider kits may come with different instructions. Follow the directions on the product you use.
Slider kits are available at hardware stores. Match the sizes to the size of the drawers you’re making. Get as many as you need for the number of drawers you’re making.
3-2. Measure the distance from the top of the drawer to the sliders.
Use your tape measure and check the distance from the top of each drawer to the slider. If you made each drawer the same size, then this should be the same measurement on each one, but double check just to make sure. Write this measurement down so you remember it for the next step.
If you made the drawers different sizes, then be sure to check the distance for each one.
3-3. Mark the distance for the slider mounts on each spacer.
Take the distance you measured from the top of each drawer to the slider. Then, measure that distance down from the top of the workbench. Use a straightedge and make a line at this point to indicate where the slider mount should go. Repeat the process on all the spacers.
If you’re installing multiple drawers down in a column, then measure the length from each slider to the next.
3-4. Attach the sliders to the sides of each spacer.
Take the mounting sliders that correspond with the sliders on the drawers. Hold each one up to the line you drew and make sure it’s straight. Then screw the slider into place. Do the same for the corresponding slider on the other side. Repeat this for each drawer.
Different spacer kits may have different installation instructions. Follow the directions provided.
3-5. Slide the drawers into place.
Take each drawer and line up its sliders with the slider mounts in the bench. Tilt the front of the drawer down to insert it into the mount, the angle it up and slide it into position. When you’ve installed each drawer, then the upgrade is complete.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Installing the Spacers\\n1-1. Measure the available space under your workbench.\\nTake a tape measure and check the height, length, and width of the space under the workbench. Write each dimension down so you don’t forget it. Use these measurements to cut the wood to the correct size.\\nRemember that you’re only measuring the space underneath the bench, not the whole workbench. Measuring the whole bench will make your measurements too large.\\nMeasure at every step of this project to confirm that your sizing is all correct. If any of your measurements are off, the drawers and runners will be the wrong size.\\n1-2. Measure and mark 3 pieces of plywood to fit under the bench.\\nThese plywood sheets will form the spacers for the drawers. Standard, ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) thick plywood is ideal. Measure each one to match the height and length of the space under the bench bench. Use a straightedge to mark each board to the correct dimensions.\\nEach spacer will be installed vertically, meaning their edges will point up and down. The idea of cutting them it to make sure they slide into the space under the bench while pointing vertically.\\nIf the space under your workbench is a length of 30 inches (76 cm), and a height of 40 inches (100 cm), then measure the boards to cover those dimensions. Each board should have the same dimensions, unless the bench is crooked or wasn't built straight.\\nIf the plywood boards are too small for the workbench, you can use multiple boards in a row or, if you’re not installing that many drawers, just leave the boards short. If you want to fill all the space under the bench, you can probably fit 2 or 3 columns of drawers that are 6 inches (15 cm) deep and 12 inches (30 cm) wide, although this depends on the size of your workbench.\\n1-3. Cut the pieces of plywood sheets along the lines.\\nUse a table saw or circular saw. Cut along each line you drew on the plywood. Keep the saw straight so your cuts aren’t off.\\nAlways wear goggles and gloves when using a power saw. Keep your fingers at least 6 inches (15 cm) away from the blade while it’s spinning.\\nFor the straightest cuts, a table saw is best. If you don’t have a table saw, then pay close attention to staying on the lines with a circular saw.\\nTest each piece before moving on. Make sure it slides underneath the bench easily.\\n1-4. Drill one pocket hole\\nPocket holes are drilled at a 15-degree angle with the wood to make a path for a diagonal screw. Use a power drill and make a pocket hole in each corner of the plywood, where the sheet will attach to the bench. Each sheet should have 4 holes, 1 in each corner.\\nDrilling diagonally is dangerous and you could slip. Keep your hand out of the way of the drill to avoid accidents.\\nThere are pocket hole molds that make drilling the holes easier. Get one from a hardware store and clamp it to the wood. Drill through each of the guide holes for perfect pocket holes.\\n1-5. Attach a plywood sheet to each side of the workbench.\\nTake the first 2 sheets and slide them into the workbench on each side. Let the sheets rest on the support beams that run across the front and back of the bench, if the bench has these. Make sure the sheets are flush with the front and back of the bench. Hold them in place and drill a screw through each of your pilot holes and into the bench.\\nIf the sheets make a tight fit, use a rubber mallet and tap them into position.\\nIf the sheets are short, then lift them so they touch the top of the bench and clamp them in place. Then screw them in.\\nThis assumes that your workbench is made of wood, which most are. If your bench is made of metal, then you'll have to pre-drill holes through the metal and attach the boards with nuts and bolts.\\n1-6. Install the third sheet directly in the middle of the workbench.\\nMeasure and mark the point directly in the middle of the bench. Then slide the third sheet into position at that point. Make it flush with the front and back of the bench. Drill screws through the pocket holes to secure it to the bench.\\nIf there is 48 inches (120 cm) between the two sides, then make a mark at 24 inches (61 cm).\\nThis is only if you want your drawers to be equal sizes. If you want one drawer bigger than the other, then attach the spacer accordingly.\\nThe the bench has horizontal support beams, the spacers should rest on them. If not, they can rest on the floor.\\n2. Building the Drawers\\n2-1. Measure the width between each spacer in the workbench.\\nThis determines the width of each drawer. Use your tape measure and check the distance between each spacer. Write these measurements down and use them to make your drawers.\\nTake special care to measure exactly if you’re making drawers that aren’t the same size. Confirm how much space you have for each one.\\nEven if you made the spacers equal-distance apart, still measure each side to confirm. Otherwise, your drawers might not be the right size.\\n2-2. Mark the plywood for the base, front, back, and sides of the drawers.\\nFor the drawer sides, measure the length of the workbench and how deep you want the drawers to be. For the front and back, measure the width between the spacers and the depth of the drawers. For the base, measure the length of the bench and width between the spacers. Mark all of these measurements on the wood in pencil.\\nThe amount of wood you use depends on how many drawers you’re making.\\nThe depth of the drawers depends on how much storage space you want. For papers or light items, 3 inches (7.6 cm) would work. To store tools or larger items, make them at least 6 inches (15 cm).\\n2-3. Cut the plywood for the drawer base and sides.\\nUse a table saw, circular saw, or miter saw to make the cuts. Cut along each line you drew. Make sure you keep the saw straight so the cuts are exact.\\nWear gloves and goggles while operating the saw.\\n2-4. Screw the drawer sides together to make a rectangle.\\nArrange the side, front, and back pieces of each drawer to make a rectangle. Drill 2 screws into each corner to secure the pieces together. Repeat this process for all the drawers.\\nIf you prefer, you can drill pocket holes into each piece. This hides the screws better, but it isn’t a necessary step.\\nIf you won’t be storing heavy items in these drawers, then you could just use wood glue to fasten them together.\\n2-5. Squeeze a layer of wood glue along the bottom border of the drawer.\\nWork along the border and squeeze out a line of glue. Use the same amount on each drawer you’re building.\\nThis is a quicker method of attaching the base. If you prefer, you can use screws on the base as well, instead of glue.\\n2-6. Press the base piece onto the glue.\\nLine up the base board with the sides of the drawer. Then press the board down and apply pressure to make the glue stick. Run your hand around the border to ensure the board is attached at all points.\\nFor extra security, you can add nails or screws along the bottom to hold the base in place. If the panel is thin enough, you can also use staples.\\n2-7. Install handles on the front of each drawer.\\nMeasure the distance between the screw holes in the handles you’re using and mark those points on the front of each drawer. Drill a hole into each point. Then, hold the handle over the holes and install the screws from the back. Repeat this for each drawer.\\nYou can buy handle kits from hardware stores.\\n3. Attaching the Drawers\\n3-1. Attach the sliders to the bottom of each drawer.\\nThis hardware allows the drawers to slide in and out of the bench. Place a slider on each side of the drawers. Line them up with the bottom edge of the drawer, running from front to back, and make sure they’re straight. Then screw each one into place.\\nDifferent slider kits may come with different instructions. Follow the directions on the product you use.\\nSlider kits are available at hardware stores. Match the sizes to the size of the drawers you’re making. Get as many as you need for the number of drawers you’re making.\\n3-2. Measure the distance from the top of the drawer to the sliders.\\nUse your tape measure and check the distance from the top of each drawer to the slider. If you made each drawer the same size, then this should be the same measurement on each one, but double check just to make sure. Write this measurement down so you remember it for the next step.\\nIf you made the drawers different sizes, then be sure to check the distance for each one.\\n3-3. Mark the distance for the slider mounts on each spacer.\\nTake the distance you measured from the top of each drawer to the slider. Then, measure that distance down from the top of the workbench. Use a straightedge and make a line at this point to indicate where the slider mount should go. Repeat the process on all the spacers.\\nIf you’re installing multiple drawers down in a column, then measure the length from each slider to the next.\\n3-4. Attach the sliders to the sides of each spacer.\\nTake the mounting sliders that correspond with the sliders on the drawers. Hold each one up to the line you drew and make sure it’s straight. Then screw the slider into place. Do the same for the corresponding slider on the other side. Repeat this for each drawer.\\nDifferent spacer kits may have different installation instructions. Follow the directions provided.\\n3-5. Slide the drawers into place.\\nTake each drawer and line up its sliders with the slider mounts in the bench. Tilt the front of the drawer down to insert it into the mount, the angle it up and slide it into position. When you’ve installed each drawer, then the upgrade is complete.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"While a workbench is always a handy investment for your home or shop, not all of them come with drawers. Fortunately, if you decide you need to add some storage space to your workbench, the process for retrofitting drawers is easy. Start by measuring the space you have and installing plywood spacers under the bench. Then, construct each drawer to fit the space. After installing sliders onto the spacers and drawers, slide the drawers into place and enjoy the new addition to your workbench.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Installing the Spacers\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Measure the available space under your workbench.\", \"描述\": \"Take a tape measure and check the height, length, and width of the space under the workbench. Write each dimension down so you don’t forget it. Use these measurements to cut the wood to the correct size.\\nRemember that you’re only measuring the space underneath the bench, not the whole workbench. Measuring the whole bench will make your measurements too large.\\nMeasure at every step of this project to confirm that your sizing is all correct. If any of your measurements are off, the drawers and runners will be the wrong size.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Measure and mark 3 pieces of plywood to fit under the bench.\", \"描述\": \"These plywood sheets will form the spacers for the drawers. Standard, ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) thick plywood is ideal. Measure each one to match the height and length of the space under the bench bench. Use a straightedge to mark each board to the correct dimensions.\\nEach spacer will be installed vertically, meaning their edges will point up and down. The idea of cutting them it to make sure they slide into the space under the bench while pointing vertically.\\nIf the space under your workbench is a length of 30 inches (76 cm), and a height of 40 inches (100 cm), then measure the boards to cover those dimensions. Each board should have the same dimensions, unless the bench is crooked or wasn't built straight.\\nIf the plywood boards are too small for the workbench, you can use multiple boards in a row or, if you’re not installing that many drawers, just leave the boards short. If you want to fill all the space under the bench, you can probably fit 2 or 3 columns of drawers that are 6 inches (15 cm) deep and 12 inches (30 cm) wide, although this depends on the size of your workbench.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cut the pieces of plywood sheets along the lines.\", \"描述\": \"Use a table saw or circular saw. Cut along each line you drew on the plywood. Keep the saw straight so your cuts aren’t off.\\nAlways wear goggles and gloves when using a power saw. Keep your fingers at least 6 inches (15 cm) away from the blade while it’s spinning.\\nFor the straightest cuts, a table saw is best. If you don’t have a table saw, then pay close attention to staying on the lines with a circular saw.\\nTest each piece before moving on. Make sure it slides underneath the bench easily.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Drill one pocket hole\", \"描述\": \"Pocket holes are drilled at a 15-degree angle with the wood to make a path for a diagonal screw. Use a power drill and make a pocket hole in each corner of the plywood, where the sheet will attach to the bench. Each sheet should have 4 holes, 1 in each corner.\\nDrilling diagonally is dangerous and you could slip. Keep your hand out of the way of the drill to avoid accidents.\\nThere are pocket hole molds that make drilling the holes easier. Get one from a hardware store and clamp it to the wood. Drill through each of the guide holes for perfect pocket holes.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Attach a plywood sheet to each side of the workbench.\", \"描述\": \"Take the first 2 sheets and slide them into the workbench on each side. Let the sheets rest on the support beams that run across the front and back of the bench, if the bench has these. Make sure the sheets are flush with the front and back of the bench. Hold them in place and drill a screw through each of your pilot holes and into the bench.\\nIf the sheets make a tight fit, use a rubber mallet and tap them into position.\\nIf the sheets are short, then lift them so they touch the top of the bench and clamp them in place. Then screw them in.\\nThis assumes that your workbench is made of wood, which most are. If your bench is made of metal, then you'll have to pre-drill holes through the metal and attach the boards with nuts and bolts.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Install the third sheet directly in the middle of the workbench.\", \"描述\": \"Measure and mark the point directly in the middle of the bench. Then slide the third sheet into position at that point. Make it flush with the front and back of the bench. Drill screws through the pocket holes to secure it to the bench.\\nIf there is 48 inches (120 cm) between the two sides, then make a mark at 24 inches (61 cm).\\nThis is only if you want your drawers to be equal sizes. If you want one drawer bigger than the other, then attach the spacer accordingly.\\nThe the bench has horizontal support beams, the spacers should rest on them. If not, they can rest on the floor.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building the Drawers\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Measure the width between each spacer in the workbench.\", \"描述\": \"This determines the width of each drawer. Use your tape measure and check the distance between each spacer. Write these measurements down and use them to make your drawers.\\nTake special care to measure exactly if you’re making drawers that aren’t the same size. Confirm how much space you have for each one.\\nEven if you made the spacers equal-distance apart, still measure each side to confirm. Otherwise, your drawers might not be the right size.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Mark the plywood for the base, front, back, and sides of the drawers.\", \"描述\": \"For the drawer sides, measure the length of the workbench and how deep you want the drawers to be. For the front and back, measure the width between the spacers and the depth of the drawers. For the base, measure the length of the bench and width between the spacers. Mark all of these measurements on the wood in pencil.\\nThe amount of wood you use depends on how many drawers you’re making.\\nThe depth of the drawers depends on how much storage space you want. For papers or light items, 3 inches (7.6 cm) would work. To store tools or larger items, make them at least 6 inches (15 cm).\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Cut the plywood for the drawer base and sides.\", \"描述\": \"Use a table saw, circular saw, or miter saw to make the cuts. Cut along each line you drew. Make sure you keep the saw straight so the cuts are exact.\\nWear gloves and goggles while operating the saw.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Screw the drawer sides together to make a rectangle.\", \"描述\": \"Arrange the side, front, and back pieces of each drawer to make a rectangle. Drill 2 screws into each corner to secure the pieces together. Repeat this process for all the drawers.\\nIf you prefer, you can drill pocket holes into each piece. This hides the screws better, but it isn’t a necessary step.\\nIf you won’t be storing heavy items in these drawers, then you could just use wood glue to fasten them together.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Squeeze a layer of wood glue along the bottom border of the drawer.\", \"描述\": \"Work along the border and squeeze out a line of glue. Use the same amount on each drawer you’re building.\\nThis is a quicker method of attaching the base. If you prefer, you can use screws on the base as well, instead of glue.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Press the base piece onto the glue.\", \"描述\": \"Line up the base board with the sides of the drawer. Then press the board down and apply pressure to make the glue stick. Run your hand around the border to ensure the board is attached at all points.\\nFor extra security, you can add nails or screws along the bottom to hold the base in place. If the panel is thin enough, you can also use staples.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Install handles on the front of each drawer.\", \"描述\": \"Measure the distance between the screw holes in the handles you’re using and mark those points on the front of each drawer. Drill a hole into each point. Then, hold the handle over the holes and install the screws from the back. Repeat this for each drawer.\\nYou can buy handle kits from hardware stores.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Attaching the Drawers\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Attach the sliders to the bottom of each drawer.\", \"描述\": \"This hardware allows the drawers to slide in and out of the bench. Place a slider on each side of the drawers. Line them up with the bottom edge of the drawer, running from front to back, and make sure they’re straight. Then screw each one into place.\\nDifferent slider kits may come with different instructions. Follow the directions on the product you use.\\nSlider kits are available at hardware stores. Match the sizes to the size of the drawers you’re making. Get as many as you need for the number of drawers you’re making.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Measure the distance from the top of the drawer to the sliders.\", \"描述\": \"Use your tape measure and check the distance from the top of each drawer to the slider. If you made each drawer the same size, then this should be the same measurement on each one, but double check just to make sure. Write this measurement down so you remember it for the next step.\\nIf you made the drawers different sizes, then be sure to check the distance for each one.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Mark the distance for the slider mounts on each spacer.\", \"描述\": \"Take the distance you measured from the top of each drawer to the slider. Then, measure that distance down from the top of the workbench. Use a straightedge and make a line at this point to indicate where the slider mount should go. Repeat the process on all the spacers.\\nIf you’re installing multiple drawers down in a column, then measure the length from each slider to the next.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Attach the sliders to the sides of each spacer.\", \"描述\": \"Take the mounting sliders that correspond with the sliders on the drawers. Hold each one up to the line you drew and make sure it’s straight. Then screw the slider into place. Do the same for the corresponding slider on the other side. Repeat this for each drawer.\\nDifferent spacer kits may have different installation instructions. Follow the directions provided.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Slide the drawers into place.\", \"描述\": \"Take each drawer and line up its sliders with the slider mounts in the bench. Tilt the front of the drawer down to insert it into the mount, the angle it up and slide it into position. When you’ve installed each drawer, then the upgrade is complete.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,111 |
How to Build Fake Rock with Cement
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1. Making a Simple Fake Rock
1-1. Buy a bag of ready-to-mix cement and a bucket.
1-2. Mix the contents of the bag in the bucket with water.
1-3. Smooth it until it's almost round, but still looking like a rock.
1-4. Wash your hands immediately and let the cement dry overnight.
2. Using a Mold
2-1. Follow the above method and add the steps below to build more realistic-looking artificial rocks.
2-2. Use specialized tools, materials and skill (achieved through practice).
2-3. Build a form.
Use rocks you have in your yard. Clean the rock first, then place it where you can work with it. Using contractors foam sealant, coat the rock with a heavy layer. Let dry and gently pry the foam mold off the rock. You can also use the same method but place the rock in a box. Place the rock inside the box, spray interior with foam sealant and allow it to dry, then tear the box away from the foam. Don't go crazy on the foam.
2-4. Mix your cement and pour it into the mold.
However, to keep it from sticking, you may want to use cooking spray before pouring the cement. Another good method is to rub the rock with Vaseline.
2-5. Mix the concrete per directions so it is thick but pourable.
You can add color to the concrete at this point by mixing colors that can be purchased at Home Depot or Lowes. You can also use the red dirt from your yard to mix into the cement for color; it works, but you have to watch that you don't add too much - just enough to give it some color.
2-6. Sculpt the concrete.
If you use a mold, you may not be able to sculpt the "rock." However, if you take the rock out of the mold before it's completely dry, you can still scrape it to sculpt the shape a little.
2-7. Texture the concrete .
Before pouring cement into the mold, you can add leaves, small flat rocks and other paraphernalia from around your yard to give the "rock" character. Pouring flat rocks or flagstone type rocks can also be accomplished and put in crushed glass or other interesting items before the pour. Then when you turn it out, the pretty stuff will be on top.
2-8. Finished.
Tips
You can also dig holes in the ground for your moulds if you have the space.
Consult your local hardware supply store to determine tools and materials needed. Explain your project (basic vs. advanced) and ask questions.
If you plan on keeping these rocks for a long time, get some spray sealer or varnish, and give it a couple of coats.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Making a Simple Fake Rock\\n1-1. Buy a bag of ready-to-mix cement and a bucket.\\n\\n1-2. Mix the contents of the bag in the bucket with water.\\n\\n1-3. Smooth it until it's almost round, but still looking like a rock.\\n\\n1-4. Wash your hands immediately and let the cement dry overnight.\\n\\n2. Using a Mold\\n2-1. Follow the above method and add the steps below to build more realistic-looking artificial rocks.\\n\\n2-2. Use specialized tools, materials and skill (achieved through practice).\\n\\n2-3. Build a form.\\nUse rocks you have in your yard. Clean the rock first, then place it where you can work with it. Using contractors foam sealant, coat the rock with a heavy layer. Let dry and gently pry the foam mold off the rock. You can also use the same method but place the rock in a box. Place the rock inside the box, spray interior with foam sealant and allow it to dry, then tear the box away from the foam. Don't go crazy on the foam.\\n2-4. Mix your cement and pour it into the mold.\\nHowever, to keep it from sticking, you may want to use cooking spray before pouring the cement. Another good method is to rub the rock with Vaseline.\\n2-5. Mix the concrete per directions so it is thick but pourable.\\nYou can add color to the concrete at this point by mixing colors that can be purchased at Home Depot or Lowes. You can also use the red dirt from your yard to mix into the cement for color; it works, but you have to watch that you don't add too much - just enough to give it some color.\\n2-6. Sculpt the concrete.\\nIf you use a mold, you may not be able to sculpt the \\\"rock.\\\" However, if you take the rock out of the mold before it's completely dry, you can still scrape it to sculpt the shape a little.\\n2-7. Texture the concrete .\\nBefore pouring cement into the mold, you can add leaves, small flat rocks and other paraphernalia from around your yard to give the \\\"rock\\\" character. Pouring flat rocks or flagstone type rocks can also be accomplished and put in crushed glass or other interesting items before the pour. Then when you turn it out, the pretty stuff will be on top.\\n2-8. Finished.\\n\\nTips\\nYou can also dig holes in the ground for your moulds if you have the space.\\nConsult your local hardware supply store to determine tools and materials needed. Explain your project (basic vs. advanced) and ask questions.\\nIf you plan on keeping these rocks for a long time, get some spray sealer or varnish, and give it a couple of coats.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Instead of buying or collecting real rocks, you can make your own fake rocks with cement. Here are two methods for mixing and building artificial rocks for landscaping and design.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Making a Simple Fake Rock\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Buy a bag of ready-to-mix cement and a bucket.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Mix the contents of the bag in the bucket with water.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Smooth it until it's almost round, but still looking like a rock.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Wash your hands immediately and let the cement dry overnight.\", \"描述\": \"\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Using a Mold\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Follow the above method and add the steps below to build more realistic-looking artificial rocks.\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use specialized tools, materials and skill (achieved through practice).\", \"描述\": \"\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Build a form.\", \"描述\": \"Use rocks you have in your yard. Clean the rock first, then place it where you can work with it. Using contractors foam sealant, coat the rock with a heavy layer. Let dry and gently pry the foam mold off the rock. You can also use the same method but place the rock in a box. Place the rock inside the box, spray interior with foam sealant and allow it to dry, then tear the box away from the foam. Don't go crazy on the foam.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Mix your cement and pour it into the mold.\", \"描述\": \"However, to keep it from sticking, you may want to use cooking spray before pouring the cement. Another good method is to rub the rock with Vaseline.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Mix the concrete per directions so it is thick but pourable.\", \"描述\": \"You can add color to the concrete at this point by mixing colors that can be purchased at Home Depot or Lowes. You can also use the red dirt from your yard to mix into the cement for color; it works, but you have to watch that you don't add too much - just enough to give it some color.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Sculpt the concrete.\", \"描述\": \"If you use a mold, you may not be able to sculpt the \\\"rock.\\\" However, if you take the rock out of the mold before it's completely dry, you can still scrape it to sculpt the shape a little.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Texture the concrete .\", \"描述\": \"Before pouring cement into the mold, you can add leaves, small flat rocks and other paraphernalia from around your yard to give the \\\"rock\\\" character. Pouring flat rocks or flagstone type rocks can also be accomplished and put in crushed glass or other interesting items before the pour. Then when you turn it out, the pretty stuff will be on top.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Finished.\", \"描述\": \"\"}], \"小提示\": [\"You can also dig holes in the ground for your moulds if you have the space.\\n\", \"Consult your local hardware supply store to determine tools and materials needed. Explain your project (basic vs. advanced) and ask questions.\\n\", \"If you plan on keeping these rocks for a long time, get some spray sealer or varnish, and give it a couple of coats.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,112 |
How to Build Fence Panels
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1. Using the Right Materials
1-1. Make your fence between 4 ft (1.2 m) and 10 ft (3.0 m) tall.
Fences range from 4 ft (1.2 m) on the lower end to nearly 10 ft (3.0 m). The height depends on your intended use for the fence. Make privacy fences taller to shield your property from onlookers, or build a short fence to keep small pets in. Consider your intended use for this fence to decide the ideal height.
Make a privacy fence at least 6 ft (1.8 m)-8 ft (2.4 m) high to hide your property from others. Consider how much property you have to cover to decide a height for a privacy fence.
Fences that are purely decorative or meant to keep in small pets can be 4 ft (1.2 m) high instead. Some decorative fences are only 3 ft (0.91 m) tall.
Find out if there are any necessary permits and applications for fences in your area before you start construction. Some areas, for example, require permits for fences over 6 ft (1.8 m), or entirely prohibit fences over 10 ft (3.0 m). Check with your local zoning boards to find out if there are any regulations like these.
1-2. Calculate the length of the planned fence to determine what materials you need.
The fence’s length determines how much wood you need. Decide where you’ll place the fence and what it will enclose. Then use a tape measure and take the measurements for each side of the fence.
Make your fence panels 8 ft (2.4 m) long each, so divide your measurements by 8 to figure out how many panels you need to cover this area.
For example, if your fence extends 24 ft (7.3 m) back, 16 ft (4.9 m) to the right, then another 24 ft (7.3 m) forward, that’s 64 ft (20 m) total. Divide that by 8 ft (2.4 m) and you see that you need 8 panels to complete this fence.
Make sure you don’t build the fence over your property line. If you aren’t sure where your property line is, bring in a surveyor to mark it for you.
1-3. Get 2 2 in (5.1 cm) x 4 in (10 cm) rails for each fence panel.
The 2x4s form the rails, or horizontal supports, of the panel. Choose rails that are 8 ft (2.4 m) long so they match the length of each panel. Each panel needs a top and bottom support to prevent it from sagging, so get two 2x4s for each planned panel.
If your fence will be over 8 ft (2.4 m) tall, use a third 2x4 in the center of each panel to prevent your fence from sagging.
Only get pressure-treated wood to prevent rotting.
For smaller fence panels, you can also use 6 ft (1.8 m) or 4 ft (1.2 m) sections. Buy or cut the 2x4s as needed for smaller sections.
Don’t plan fence panels longer than 8 ft (2.4 m). Long panels will sag under their own weight.
1-4. Select hardwood fence boards to make the panels.
The boards are the vertical parts of the fence panels. There are many board styles that you can use for your fence. Depending on the wood type, boards come in different colors. They also have different decorative top shapes that give your fence a unique character. Look at sample boards at the hardware store and decide which one you want for your fence.
For a very simple fence, plain wood boards like 1 inch (2.5 cm) x 6 inches (15 cm) will do the job.
1-5. Measure the width of the boards to determine how many fit in each panel.
Depending on the length of your panel and the type of board you get, a different number of boards will fit on each panel. Measure the width of the board you’re using and divide that number into the length of each panel. Then multiply that result by the number of panels in your fence. Buy this number of boards for your fence.
For instance, if a board is 6 in (15 cm) in width and you’re building an 8 ft (2.4 m) panel, then 16 boards fit on each panel. If your fence will be 8 panels, then buy 128 boards.
Take into account if the boards will all touch or if you’re leaving space between the boards.
2. Assembling the Panels
2-1. Cut the fence boards to the correct height if necessary.
If the fence boards you bought weren’t pre-cut to the height you want, use a saw and cut them yourself. Measure the height that you want each board to be, then mark where you have to cut on the board with a pencil. Cut on that line with a power saw. Repeat this process for each wood board you use.
If you’re building a 4 ft (1.2 m) fence and the boards you bought are 5 ft (1.5 m), then measure 4 ft (1.2 m) down from the top of the board. Mark that point and cut there.
Wear gloves and eye protection when using a saw. Keep your fingers away from the blade while it’s in motion.
2-2. Arrange an 8 ft (2.4 m) section of boards face-down on a flat surface.
If you haven’t already, calculate how many boards will fit on each panel by dividing the width of 1 board into 8 feet (2.4 m). Then lay that number of boards face-down on a flat surface. Arrange them so the tops and bottoms line up and the boards are straight.
Working on a flat surface is important so all your materials remain straight. Don’t work on grass or a similarly uneven surface. Use a carpenter table or sawhorse to assemble the panels.
If you don’t have a sawhorse or carpenter table, a flat driveway will work as well.
2-3. Draw 2 lines across the boards 6 in (15 cm) from the top and bottom.
Use a ruler and measure 6 in (15 cm) from the bottom and top of each board. Make marks on each board at this point. Then use a yardstick to connect these points with one long line across all the boards.
If there are designs on the top of the fence that extend greater than 6 in (15 cm) down, draw the line 2 in (5.1 cm) below where the design ends. This allows the fence decoration to show above the rails.
2-4. Line up the horizontal rails with the lines you drew.
Take one 2x4 and lay it across the bottom section of the panel. Line up the bottom of the wood with the line you drew. Then lay the second 2x4 across the top of the panel. Line up the top of this rail with the line you drew.
Double-check to make sure the rails are even with the lines you drew. Otherwise, the panel will be crooked.
2-5. Screw the rails to each board.
With all the boards and rails lined up, take a power drill and drill screws through the rail into each fence panel. Use 3 screws at the top and 3 screws at the bottom of each board. Work your way down the rails until every board is attached.
Re-check the rail alignment after every few boards. Sometimes the boards can shift while you're drilling. Rearrange any boards that come out of place so the panel is straight.
If you don’t have a power drill, you can also nail the boards down. The job will be much more time-consuming if you choose this option.
2-6. Repeat the building process until you have enough panels.
Once you’ve completed one board, the rest of the process is just a matter of repetition. Lay out your boards, draw guidelines across them, align the rails correctly, and screw them down. Continue until you’ve built all the panels you need for your fence.
Always measure carefully before attaching any boards. Stay alert so all your boards are in line with each other.
2-7. Attach the panels
Install your fence posts, then secure the completed panels to them. Attach 2 brackets onto each side of a post. Then slide a rail through each bracket. Fasten the rails to the brackets with screws. Repeat the process to install each panel and complete the fence.
Fence panels are heavy, so have a friend or family member nearby to help lift them into position.
Warnings
Always wear protective gear when using power tools. Protect your eyes with goggles and prevent cuts with thick gloves.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Using the Right Materials\\n1-1. Make your fence between 4 ft (1.2 m) and 10 ft (3.0 m) tall.\\nFences range from 4 ft (1.2 m) on the lower end to nearly 10 ft (3.0 m). The height depends on your intended use for the fence. Make privacy fences taller to shield your property from onlookers, or build a short fence to keep small pets in. Consider your intended use for this fence to decide the ideal height.\\nMake a privacy fence at least 6 ft (1.8 m)-8 ft (2.4 m) high to hide your property from others. Consider how much property you have to cover to decide a height for a privacy fence.\\nFences that are purely decorative or meant to keep in small pets can be 4 ft (1.2 m) high instead. Some decorative fences are only 3 ft (0.91 m) tall.\\nFind out if there are any necessary permits and applications for fences in your area before you start construction. Some areas, for example, require permits for fences over 6 ft (1.8 m), or entirely prohibit fences over 10 ft (3.0 m). Check with your local zoning boards to find out if there are any regulations like these.\\n1-2. Calculate the length of the planned fence to determine what materials you need.\\nThe fence’s length determines how much wood you need. Decide where you’ll place the fence and what it will enclose. Then use a tape measure and take the measurements for each side of the fence.\\nMake your fence panels 8 ft (2.4 m) long each, so divide your measurements by 8 to figure out how many panels you need to cover this area.\\nFor example, if your fence extends 24 ft (7.3 m) back, 16 ft (4.9 m) to the right, then another 24 ft (7.3 m) forward, that’s 64 ft (20 m) total. Divide that by 8 ft (2.4 m) and you see that you need 8 panels to complete this fence.\\nMake sure you don’t build the fence over your property line. If you aren’t sure where your property line is, bring in a surveyor to mark it for you.\\n1-3. Get 2 2 in (5.1 cm) x 4 in (10 cm) rails for each fence panel.\\nThe 2x4s form the rails, or horizontal supports, of the panel. Choose rails that are 8 ft (2.4 m) long so they match the length of each panel. Each panel needs a top and bottom support to prevent it from sagging, so get two 2x4s for each planned panel.\\nIf your fence will be over 8 ft (2.4 m) tall, use a third 2x4 in the center of each panel to prevent your fence from sagging.\\nOnly get pressure-treated wood to prevent rotting.\\nFor smaller fence panels, you can also use 6 ft (1.8 m) or 4 ft (1.2 m) sections. Buy or cut the 2x4s as needed for smaller sections.\\nDon’t plan fence panels longer than 8 ft (2.4 m). Long panels will sag under their own weight.\\n1-4. Select hardwood fence boards to make the panels.\\nThe boards are the vertical parts of the fence panels. There are many board styles that you can use for your fence. Depending on the wood type, boards come in different colors. They also have different decorative top shapes that give your fence a unique character. Look at sample boards at the hardware store and decide which one you want for your fence.\\nFor a very simple fence, plain wood boards like 1 inch (2.5 cm) x 6 inches (15 cm) will do the job.\\n1-5. Measure the width of the boards to determine how many fit in each panel.\\nDepending on the length of your panel and the type of board you get, a different number of boards will fit on each panel. Measure the width of the board you’re using and divide that number into the length of each panel. Then multiply that result by the number of panels in your fence. Buy this number of boards for your fence.\\nFor instance, if a board is 6 in (15 cm) in width and you’re building an 8 ft (2.4 m) panel, then 16 boards fit on each panel. If your fence will be 8 panels, then buy 128 boards.\\nTake into account if the boards will all touch or if you’re leaving space between the boards.\\n2. Assembling the Panels\\n2-1. Cut the fence boards to the correct height if necessary.\\nIf the fence boards you bought weren’t pre-cut to the height you want, use a saw and cut them yourself. Measure the height that you want each board to be, then mark where you have to cut on the board with a pencil. Cut on that line with a power saw. Repeat this process for each wood board you use.\\nIf you’re building a 4 ft (1.2 m) fence and the boards you bought are 5 ft (1.5 m), then measure 4 ft (1.2 m) down from the top of the board. Mark that point and cut there.\\nWear gloves and eye protection when using a saw. Keep your fingers away from the blade while it’s in motion.\\n2-2. Arrange an 8 ft (2.4 m) section of boards face-down on a flat surface.\\nIf you haven’t already, calculate how many boards will fit on each panel by dividing the width of 1 board into 8 feet (2.4 m). Then lay that number of boards face-down on a flat surface. Arrange them so the tops and bottoms line up and the boards are straight.\\nWorking on a flat surface is important so all your materials remain straight. Don’t work on grass or a similarly uneven surface. Use a carpenter table or sawhorse to assemble the panels.\\nIf you don’t have a sawhorse or carpenter table, a flat driveway will work as well.\\n2-3. Draw 2 lines across the boards 6 in (15 cm) from the top and bottom.\\nUse a ruler and measure 6 in (15 cm) from the bottom and top of each board. Make marks on each board at this point. Then use a yardstick to connect these points with one long line across all the boards.\\nIf there are designs on the top of the fence that extend greater than 6 in (15 cm) down, draw the line 2 in (5.1 cm) below where the design ends. This allows the fence decoration to show above the rails.\\n2-4. Line up the horizontal rails with the lines you drew.\\nTake one 2x4 and lay it across the bottom section of the panel. Line up the bottom of the wood with the line you drew. Then lay the second 2x4 across the top of the panel. Line up the top of this rail with the line you drew.\\nDouble-check to make sure the rails are even with the lines you drew. Otherwise, the panel will be crooked.\\n2-5. Screw the rails to each board.\\nWith all the boards and rails lined up, take a power drill and drill screws through the rail into each fence panel. Use 3 screws at the top and 3 screws at the bottom of each board. Work your way down the rails until every board is attached.\\nRe-check the rail alignment after every few boards. Sometimes the boards can shift while you're drilling. Rearrange any boards that come out of place so the panel is straight.\\nIf you don’t have a power drill, you can also nail the boards down. The job will be much more time-consuming if you choose this option.\\n2-6. Repeat the building process until you have enough panels.\\nOnce you’ve completed one board, the rest of the process is just a matter of repetition. Lay out your boards, draw guidelines across them, align the rails correctly, and screw them down. Continue until you’ve built all the panels you need for your fence.\\nAlways measure carefully before attaching any boards. Stay alert so all your boards are in line with each other.\\n2-7. Attach the panels\\nInstall your fence posts, then secure the completed panels to them. Attach 2 brackets onto each side of a post. Then slide a rail through each bracket. Fasten the rails to the brackets with screws. Repeat the process to install each panel and complete the fence.\\nFence panels are heavy, so have a friend or family member nearby to help lift them into position.\\nWarnings\\nAlways wear protective gear when using power tools. Protect your eyes with goggles and prevent cuts with thick gloves.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Fence panels are short sections that make building a fence easier. Rather than constructing the entire fence one board at a time, build the panels then attach them to the fence posts. Panels are usually pre-made and available at hardware stores, but you can save a lot of money by building your own. First, plan the length and height of your fence to determine the right materials. Then measure and cut the wood carefully. Attach the vertical boards to the horizontal rails to assemble each panel. Then repeat the process until you have enough panels to construct your fence.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Using the Right Materials\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Make your fence between 4 ft (1.2 m) and 10 ft (3.0 m) tall.\", \"描述\": \"Fences range from 4 ft (1.2 m) on the lower end to nearly 10 ft (3.0 m). The height depends on your intended use for the fence. Make privacy fences taller to shield your property from onlookers, or build a short fence to keep small pets in. Consider your intended use for this fence to decide the ideal height.\\nMake a privacy fence at least 6 ft (1.8 m)-8 ft (2.4 m) high to hide your property from others. Consider how much property you have to cover to decide a height for a privacy fence.\\nFences that are purely decorative or meant to keep in small pets can be 4 ft (1.2 m) high instead. Some decorative fences are only 3 ft (0.91 m) tall.\\nFind out if there are any necessary permits and applications for fences in your area before you start construction. Some areas, for example, require permits for fences over 6 ft (1.8 m), or entirely prohibit fences over 10 ft (3.0 m). Check with your local zoning boards to find out if there are any regulations like these.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Calculate the length of the planned fence to determine what materials you need.\", \"描述\": \"The fence’s length determines how much wood you need. Decide where you’ll place the fence and what it will enclose. Then use a tape measure and take the measurements for each side of the fence.\\nMake your fence panels 8 ft (2.4 m) long each, so divide your measurements by 8 to figure out how many panels you need to cover this area.\\nFor example, if your fence extends 24 ft (7.3 m) back, 16 ft (4.9 m) to the right, then another 24 ft (7.3 m) forward, that’s 64 ft (20 m) total. Divide that by 8 ft (2.4 m) and you see that you need 8 panels to complete this fence.\\nMake sure you don’t build the fence over your property line. If you aren’t sure where your property line is, bring in a surveyor to mark it for you.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Get 2 2 in (5.1 cm) x 4 in (10 cm) rails for each fence panel.\", \"描述\": \"The 2x4s form the rails, or horizontal supports, of the panel. Choose rails that are 8 ft (2.4 m) long so they match the length of each panel. Each panel needs a top and bottom support to prevent it from sagging, so get two 2x4s for each planned panel.\\nIf your fence will be over 8 ft (2.4 m) tall, use a third 2x4 in the center of each panel to prevent your fence from sagging.\\nOnly get pressure-treated wood to prevent rotting.\\nFor smaller fence panels, you can also use 6 ft (1.8 m) or 4 ft (1.2 m) sections. Buy or cut the 2x4s as needed for smaller sections.\\nDon’t plan fence panels longer than 8 ft (2.4 m). Long panels will sag under their own weight.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Select hardwood fence boards to make the panels.\", \"描述\": \"The boards are the vertical parts of the fence panels. There are many board styles that you can use for your fence. Depending on the wood type, boards come in different colors. They also have different decorative top shapes that give your fence a unique character. Look at sample boards at the hardware store and decide which one you want for your fence.\\nFor a very simple fence, plain wood boards like 1 inch (2.5 cm) x 6 inches (15 cm) will do the job.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Measure the width of the boards to determine how many fit in each panel.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on the length of your panel and the type of board you get, a different number of boards will fit on each panel. Measure the width of the board you’re using and divide that number into the length of each panel. Then multiply that result by the number of panels in your fence. Buy this number of boards for your fence.\\nFor instance, if a board is 6 in (15 cm) in width and you’re building an 8 ft (2.4 m) panel, then 16 boards fit on each panel. If your fence will be 8 panels, then buy 128 boards.\\nTake into account if the boards will all touch or if you’re leaving space between the boards.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Assembling the Panels\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cut the fence boards to the correct height if necessary.\", \"描述\": \"If the fence boards you bought weren’t pre-cut to the height you want, use a saw and cut them yourself. Measure the height that you want each board to be, then mark where you have to cut on the board with a pencil. Cut on that line with a power saw. Repeat this process for each wood board you use.\\nIf you’re building a 4 ft (1.2 m) fence and the boards you bought are 5 ft (1.5 m), then measure 4 ft (1.2 m) down from the top of the board. Mark that point and cut there.\\nWear gloves and eye protection when using a saw. Keep your fingers away from the blade while it’s in motion.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Arrange an 8 ft (2.4 m) section of boards face-down on a flat surface.\", \"描述\": \"If you haven’t already, calculate how many boards will fit on each panel by dividing the width of 1 board into 8 feet (2.4 m). Then lay that number of boards face-down on a flat surface. Arrange them so the tops and bottoms line up and the boards are straight.\\nWorking on a flat surface is important so all your materials remain straight. Don’t work on grass or a similarly uneven surface. Use a carpenter table or sawhorse to assemble the panels.\\nIf you don’t have a sawhorse or carpenter table, a flat driveway will work as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Draw 2 lines across the boards 6 in (15 cm) from the top and bottom.\", \"描述\": \"Use a ruler and measure 6 in (15 cm) from the bottom and top of each board. Make marks on each board at this point. Then use a yardstick to connect these points with one long line across all the boards.\\nIf there are designs on the top of the fence that extend greater than 6 in (15 cm) down, draw the line 2 in (5.1 cm) below where the design ends. This allows the fence decoration to show above the rails.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Line up the horizontal rails with the lines you drew.\", \"描述\": \"Take one 2x4 and lay it across the bottom section of the panel. Line up the bottom of the wood with the line you drew. Then lay the second 2x4 across the top of the panel. Line up the top of this rail with the line you drew.\\nDouble-check to make sure the rails are even with the lines you drew. Otherwise, the panel will be crooked.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Screw the rails to each board.\", \"描述\": \"With all the boards and rails lined up, take a power drill and drill screws through the rail into each fence panel. Use 3 screws at the top and 3 screws at the bottom of each board. Work your way down the rails until every board is attached.\\nRe-check the rail alignment after every few boards. Sometimes the boards can shift while you're drilling. Rearrange any boards that come out of place so the panel is straight.\\nIf you don’t have a power drill, you can also nail the boards down. The job will be much more time-consuming if you choose this option.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Repeat the building process until you have enough panels.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve completed one board, the rest of the process is just a matter of repetition. Lay out your boards, draw guidelines across them, align the rails correctly, and screw them down. Continue until you’ve built all the panels you need for your fence.\\nAlways measure carefully before attaching any boards. Stay alert so all your boards are in line with each other.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Attach the panels\", \"描述\": \"Install your fence posts, then secure the completed panels to them. Attach 2 brackets onto each side of a post. Then slide a rail through each bracket. Fasten the rails to the brackets with screws. Repeat the process to install each panel and complete the fence.\\nFence panels are heavy, so have a friend or family member nearby to help lift them into position.\"}], \"注意事项\": [\"Always wear protective gear when using power tools. Protect your eyes with goggles and prevent cuts with thick gloves.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,113 |
How to Build Forearm Muscles
|
1. Performing Wrist Roller Exercises
1-1. Get or make a wrist roller.
This is simply a bar or rod with a rope tied around its midpoint. The other end of the rope is attached to a weight. This simple piece of equipment is one of the most effective ways to build forearm muscle and train grip strength.
1-2. Start with a very light weight, and increase the weight gradually.
Most people cannot lift nearly as much with their wrist as they can with their full arm. Find the weight where a set is challenging, but not painful or extremely difficult.
1-3. Hold the rod in front of you.
Grip the rod in both hands and hold it in front of you at around waist level. Since this position is not difficult to maintain, your wrists will be the limiting factor of the exercise. This lets you repeat the wrist roller exercise as long as your wrists are holding up.
You can extend your arms straight in front of you instead to work your lower arms and shoulders as well, but this will likely limit the number of repetitions you can perform.
1-4. Rotate the rod.
Maintain your grip with one hand and turn the rod with the other to wind the rope around the rod. Alternate the turning and gripping hands until the rope is fully wound and the weight reaches the rod.
Try to keep the rod in position as you rotate it, without much tilting back and forth.
1-5. Rotate the weight back down.
Rotate the rod the other way until the rope is fully extended. Do this slowly and evenly. If the rod keeps slipping out of your grip, wrap a grip around the rod to reduce friction, or just focus on the upward motion.
Try 3 sets of 10 reps.
2. Performing Loaded Carries
2-1. Lift a heavy dumbbell or kettle bell in each hand.
This exercise is geared toward working your forearm muscle endurance by maximizing the time under tension. Start by lifting the dumbbells or kettle bells of your preference. Since “heavy” is relative to your routine, try a weight heavier than you would try to curl but not so heavy that you have to strain. You can always add more or less as needed.
If you really want to maximize this workout, instead of barbells or kettle bells, lift two weight plates pinched together in each hand instead. You will have to work your grip—and therefore forearms—extra hard to keep the plates pinched together so they don’t fall.
If you want to try loading even more weight into this exercise, try using a trap bar instead. With a trap bar, you can stand in the middle and lift the weight with both arms, which allows you to carry much more than your arms working individually.
2-2. Stand up straight.
In order to put the brunt of the weight on the correct muscle groups, you want to brace your abs, keep your chest up, and keep your shoulders back. If you hunch, you’ll divert too much of the strain to your upper arms or back.
2-3. Start walking.
The natural movement and inertia from walking will work your forearms much more than simply standing in place holding the weights, so start walking. Try this workout in sets of twenty yards to start with, or whatever you find comfortable. Increase the length of time gradually. Walking for a long time or using heavy weights before you are ready can cause a shoulder injury.
3. Performing Individual Wrist Curls
3-1. Sit at the edge of your workout bench.
This exercise requires you to be in a sitting stationary position, so take a seat at the edge of your workout bench. You also want to have your feet flat and your knees shoulder-width apart.
3-2. Lift an appropriate dumbbell or kettle bell in each hand.
Since this is specifically targeting your wrists and forearms, you will want to start with less weight than you typically use for full-arm curls. You can start with as little as five-pound weights in each hand and increase them incrementally if they prove far too easy.
If you prefer, you can always work just one forearm at a time, which means you can pick up just one weight. Make sure you do the same number of sets and repetitions with each forearm to ensure an equal workout.
3-3. Rest your elbow on your thigh with your arm flat.
By resting your arm on your leg, you put the majority of the weight on your forearm instead of your bicep. This position also braces your arm, which allows you to perform the curls with less risk of injury.
3-4. Curl the weight by moving only your wrist up and toward you.
Each rep of this workout requires curling the weight up and toward you and then back down. You additionally want to ensure that you breathe out while curling the weight and that you inhale while lowering it.
To get the most out of this exercise, try performing sets of both upward and downward wrist curls. Upward means your palm is facing up, so the weight rests against it. Downward means your palm is facing down, so the weight rests mostly against your fingers. Each direction will work different forearm muscle groups.
3-5. Repeat for 12-15 repetitions.
If you have chosen the ideal amount of weight for this exercise, then you should be able to do a set of twelve-to-fifteen repetitions and just barely be able to perform the final one.
4. Performing Barbell Wrist Curls
4-1. Sit with your forearms down on a flat bench.
For this exercise, you want to place your forearms flat with your hands and wrists protruding off the edge of the bench. If you use a standard workout bench, you can simply kneel to the side of it in order to rest your forearms on the bench—just make sure to put something down to cushion your knees.
4-2. Lift up the barbell with both hands.
In order to balance the weight, you want your hands roughly shoulder-width apart to form your grip on the barbell. To start, use a standard grip with your palms facing upward.
Again, the ideal amount of weight is going to vary by person. You should aim for an amount that allows you to do twelve-to-fifteen repetitions before tiring out.
4-3. Lower your wrists.
The starting position is going to be with your wrists lowered so that the barbell is hanging low in your grip.
4-4. Curl the barbell up and toward you.
With a slow, controlled motion, you want to curl the barbell up and toward you. By moving the barbell slowly, you maximize the gain on each repetition. You want to curl your wrists all the way, bringing the barbell as close to you while only using your wrists as possible, before letting it back down.
At the apex of this motion, you will feel the hard squeeze in your forearms.
4-5. Do 12-15 repetitions.
As with the individual wrists routine, you want to do twelve-to-fifteen reps in your set before stopping. If you cannot do this many, try curling less weight.
4-6. Flip your arms over and do the curls downward.
This is another workout that you can do with either upward or downward curls. To work a different forearm muscle group, turn your arms over on the bench so your palms face downward. Then lift the barbell back up and do the curls so you can see the backs of your hands.
5. Utilizing Forearm-Building Grips
5-1. Increase the girth of your grip.
You can additionally increase the workout on each forearm by enlarging the grip on your barbells and dumbbells. You can purchase a fitness product tailored to go over the bar or simply wrap a towel around it. The larger grip area forces you to squeeze harder to maintain your hold, which in turn works your forearms even more.
5-2. Use a hammer grip whenever possible.
Utilizing a hammer grip for other exercises will also increase the workout on your forearms. A hammer grip is when the palm faces inward rather than up. You can use a hammer grip with dumbbells or even two-handed workouts such as chin-ups. By using a hammer grip, less weight rests on your palms, which forces you to grip more tightly.
5-3. Use handgrips while away from the gym.
A good old-fashioned pair of hand grips with the metal tension coil at the top are an easy way to work forearm muscles while multitasking. Alternatively, you can squeeze a spare tennis ball or racquetball that you have around as well. Anything dealing with isolating and working your hand grip will work your forearm muscles.
6. Using Bodyweight Exercises
6-1. Do dead hangs.
Some people may prefer using their own bodyweight as the main resistance while building muscle since bodyweight workouts are easier to do at home and don’t require gym equipment. Dead hangs are simply holding onto something above you and supporting your bodyweight with your grip alone. Since the tension is on your grip, you squeeze harder the longer you hang and work forearm muscles.
The larger the surface you choose to grip, the harder you will have to squeeze, so something wider than a typical chin-up bar will work your forearms harder.
6-2. Do dead hangs into chin-ups.
For a harder, advanced workout, you can do a dead hang of several seconds at the bottom of every chin-up. The pause will ensure that you’re not using any body swing or inertia to start the next chin-up as well.
6-3. Do finger and wrist push backs.
You can do this exercise either leaning against a bar or a table, or you can do it on the ground in a push-up position (which will be harder). Lean your weight against the surface, and use your wrists and fingers to push your weight back off the surface.
In a push-up position, for instance, you will not bend at the elbows to lower yourself; instead, keep your elbows straight and use your wrists and fingers to push off the ground and lift yourself even higher.
You can add this extra movement onto each normal push-up to get more out of every repetition as well.
Tips
Building bigger forearms takes longer than building other muscles such as the biceps, because slow twitch fibres have less capacity for size increase. However, size increases will be more permanent.[18]
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Research source
The muscles of the forearm are predominantly "slow twitch.” Slow twitch muscles are very resistant and recover very fast, so you can easily perform many sets without them getting fatigued.
If you don't see results immediately, keep working. The change will be gradual, so you may actually have to measure the circumference of your forearm to notice the change.
Warnings
Weight training can cause serious injuries to tendons and muscles. If you experience significant pain, stop your training and seek advice from a medical professional. Training with another individual is preferable as each person can help and correct the other.
If you are experiencing pain from too much training, you may find working out on every third day to begin with will help you toughen up. After a few weeks, you may increase your schedule to alternating days, or even daily workouts.
Strenuous workouts can cause soreness, and overdoing it can cause tendon damage or other problems.
Alternate days so that the muscles and tendons have time to recover from the previous workout. Rest at least one full day between training sessions, or use the alternate days to train other parts of your body.[19]
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Research source
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Performing Wrist Roller Exercises\\n1-1. Get or make a wrist roller.\\nThis is simply a bar or rod with a rope tied around its midpoint. The other end of the rope is attached to a weight. This simple piece of equipment is one of the most effective ways to build forearm muscle and train grip strength.\\n1-2. Start with a very light weight, and increase the weight gradually.\\nMost people cannot lift nearly as much with their wrist as they can with their full arm. Find the weight where a set is challenging, but not painful or extremely difficult.\\n1-3. Hold the rod in front of you.\\nGrip the rod in both hands and hold it in front of you at around waist level. Since this position is not difficult to maintain, your wrists will be the limiting factor of the exercise. This lets you repeat the wrist roller exercise as long as your wrists are holding up.\\nYou can extend your arms straight in front of you instead to work your lower arms and shoulders as well, but this will likely limit the number of repetitions you can perform.\\n1-4. Rotate the rod.\\nMaintain your grip with one hand and turn the rod with the other to wind the rope around the rod. Alternate the turning and gripping hands until the rope is fully wound and the weight reaches the rod.\\nTry to keep the rod in position as you rotate it, without much tilting back and forth.\\n1-5. Rotate the weight back down.\\nRotate the rod the other way until the rope is fully extended. Do this slowly and evenly. If the rod keeps slipping out of your grip, wrap a grip around the rod to reduce friction, or just focus on the upward motion.\\nTry 3 sets of 10 reps.\\n2. Performing Loaded Carries\\n2-1. Lift a heavy dumbbell or kettle bell in each hand.\\nThis exercise is geared toward working your forearm muscle endurance by maximizing the time under tension. Start by lifting the dumbbells or kettle bells of your preference. Since “heavy” is relative to your routine, try a weight heavier than you would try to curl but not so heavy that you have to strain. You can always add more or less as needed.\\nIf you really want to maximize this workout, instead of barbells or kettle bells, lift two weight plates pinched together in each hand instead. You will have to work your grip—and therefore forearms—extra hard to keep the plates pinched together so they don’t fall.\\nIf you want to try loading even more weight into this exercise, try using a trap bar instead. With a trap bar, you can stand in the middle and lift the weight with both arms, which allows you to carry much more than your arms working individually.\\n2-2. Stand up straight.\\nIn order to put the brunt of the weight on the correct muscle groups, you want to brace your abs, keep your chest up, and keep your shoulders back. If you hunch, you’ll divert too much of the strain to your upper arms or back.\\n2-3. Start walking.\\nThe natural movement and inertia from walking will work your forearms much more than simply standing in place holding the weights, so start walking. Try this workout in sets of twenty yards to start with, or whatever you find comfortable. Increase the length of time gradually. Walking for a long time or using heavy weights before you are ready can cause a shoulder injury.\\n3. Performing Individual Wrist Curls\\n3-1. Sit at the edge of your workout bench.\\nThis exercise requires you to be in a sitting stationary position, so take a seat at the edge of your workout bench. You also want to have your feet flat and your knees shoulder-width apart.\\n3-2. Lift an appropriate dumbbell or kettle bell in each hand.\\nSince this is specifically targeting your wrists and forearms, you will want to start with less weight than you typically use for full-arm curls. You can start with as little as five-pound weights in each hand and increase them incrementally if they prove far too easy.\\nIf you prefer, you can always work just one forearm at a time, which means you can pick up just one weight. Make sure you do the same number of sets and repetitions with each forearm to ensure an equal workout.\\n3-3. Rest your elbow on your thigh with your arm flat.\\nBy resting your arm on your leg, you put the majority of the weight on your forearm instead of your bicep. This position also braces your arm, which allows you to perform the curls with less risk of injury.\\n3-4. Curl the weight by moving only your wrist up and toward you.\\nEach rep of this workout requires curling the weight up and toward you and then back down. You additionally want to ensure that you breathe out while curling the weight and that you inhale while lowering it.\\nTo get the most out of this exercise, try performing sets of both upward and downward wrist curls. Upward means your palm is facing up, so the weight rests against it. Downward means your palm is facing down, so the weight rests mostly against your fingers. Each direction will work different forearm muscle groups.\\n3-5. Repeat for 12-15 repetitions.\\nIf you have chosen the ideal amount of weight for this exercise, then you should be able to do a set of twelve-to-fifteen repetitions and just barely be able to perform the final one.\\n4. Performing Barbell Wrist Curls\\n4-1. Sit with your forearms down on a flat bench.\\nFor this exercise, you want to place your forearms flat with your hands and wrists protruding off the edge of the bench. If you use a standard workout bench, you can simply kneel to the side of it in order to rest your forearms on the bench—just make sure to put something down to cushion your knees.\\n4-2. Lift up the barbell with both hands.\\nIn order to balance the weight, you want your hands roughly shoulder-width apart to form your grip on the barbell. To start, use a standard grip with your palms facing upward.\\nAgain, the ideal amount of weight is going to vary by person. You should aim for an amount that allows you to do twelve-to-fifteen repetitions before tiring out.\\n4-3. Lower your wrists.\\nThe starting position is going to be with your wrists lowered so that the barbell is hanging low in your grip.\\n4-4. Curl the barbell up and toward you.\\nWith a slow, controlled motion, you want to curl the barbell up and toward you. By moving the barbell slowly, you maximize the gain on each repetition. You want to curl your wrists all the way, bringing the barbell as close to you while only using your wrists as possible, before letting it back down.\\nAt the apex of this motion, you will feel the hard squeeze in your forearms.\\n4-5. Do 12-15 repetitions.\\nAs with the individual wrists routine, you want to do twelve-to-fifteen reps in your set before stopping. If you cannot do this many, try curling less weight.\\n4-6. Flip your arms over and do the curls downward.\\nThis is another workout that you can do with either upward or downward curls. To work a different forearm muscle group, turn your arms over on the bench so your palms face downward. Then lift the barbell back up and do the curls so you can see the backs of your hands.\\n5. Utilizing Forearm-Building Grips\\n5-1. Increase the girth of your grip.\\nYou can additionally increase the workout on each forearm by enlarging the grip on your barbells and dumbbells. You can purchase a fitness product tailored to go over the bar or simply wrap a towel around it. The larger grip area forces you to squeeze harder to maintain your hold, which in turn works your forearms even more.\\n5-2. Use a hammer grip whenever possible.\\nUtilizing a hammer grip for other exercises will also increase the workout on your forearms. A hammer grip is when the palm faces inward rather than up. You can use a hammer grip with dumbbells or even two-handed workouts such as chin-ups. By using a hammer grip, less weight rests on your palms, which forces you to grip more tightly.\\n5-3. Use handgrips while away from the gym.\\nA good old-fashioned pair of hand grips with the metal tension coil at the top are an easy way to work forearm muscles while multitasking. Alternatively, you can squeeze a spare tennis ball or racquetball that you have around as well. Anything dealing with isolating and working your hand grip will work your forearm muscles.\\n6. Using Bodyweight Exercises\\n6-1. Do dead hangs.\\nSome people may prefer using their own bodyweight as the main resistance while building muscle since bodyweight workouts are easier to do at home and don’t require gym equipment. Dead hangs are simply holding onto something above you and supporting your bodyweight with your grip alone. Since the tension is on your grip, you squeeze harder the longer you hang and work forearm muscles.\\nThe larger the surface you choose to grip, the harder you will have to squeeze, so something wider than a typical chin-up bar will work your forearms harder.\\n6-2. Do dead hangs into chin-ups.\\nFor a harder, advanced workout, you can do a dead hang of several seconds at the bottom of every chin-up. The pause will ensure that you’re not using any body swing or inertia to start the next chin-up as well.\\n6-3. Do finger and wrist push backs.\\nYou can do this exercise either leaning against a bar or a table, or you can do it on the ground in a push-up position (which will be harder). Lean your weight against the surface, and use your wrists and fingers to push your weight back off the surface.\\nIn a push-up position, for instance, you will not bend at the elbows to lower yourself; instead, keep your elbows straight and use your wrists and fingers to push off the ground and lift yourself even higher.\\nYou can add this extra movement onto each normal push-up to get more out of every repetition as well.\\nTips\\nBuilding bigger forearms takes longer than building other muscles such as the biceps, because slow twitch fibres have less capacity for size increase. However, size increases will be more permanent.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nThe muscles of the forearm are predominantly \\\"slow twitch.” Slow twitch muscles are very resistant and recover very fast, so you can easily perform many sets without them getting fatigued.\\nIf you don't see results immediately, keep working. The change will be gradual, so you may actually have to measure the circumference of your forearm to notice the change.\\nWarnings\\nWeight training can cause serious injuries to tendons and muscles. If you experience significant pain, stop your training and seek advice from a medical professional. Training with another individual is preferable as each person can help and correct the other.\\nIf you are experiencing pain from too much training, you may find working out on every third day to begin with will help you toughen up. After a few weeks, you may increase your schedule to alternating days, or even daily workouts.\\nStrenuous workouts can cause soreness, and overdoing it can cause tendon damage or other problems.\\nAlternate days so that the muscles and tendons have time to recover from the previous workout. Rest at least one full day between training sessions, or use the alternate days to train other parts of your body.[19]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Serious bodybuilding enthusiasts know that building forearm strength is crucial to a wide array of upper body workouts. By simply having the forearm strength to hold greater weight for more time, you can help extend your shoulder, bicep, and other upper body workouts. With a little guidance, you can easily start targeting your forearms with your next workout.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Performing Wrist Roller Exercises\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Get or make a wrist roller.\", \"描述\": \"This is simply a bar or rod with a rope tied around its midpoint. The other end of the rope is attached to a weight. This simple piece of equipment is one of the most effective ways to build forearm muscle and train grip strength.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Start with a very light weight, and increase the weight gradually.\", \"描述\": \"Most people cannot lift nearly as much with their wrist as they can with their full arm. Find the weight where a set is challenging, but not painful or extremely difficult.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hold the rod in front of you.\", \"描述\": \"Grip the rod in both hands and hold it in front of you at around waist level. Since this position is not difficult to maintain, your wrists will be the limiting factor of the exercise. This lets you repeat the wrist roller exercise as long as your wrists are holding up.\\nYou can extend your arms straight in front of you instead to work your lower arms and shoulders as well, but this will likely limit the number of repetitions you can perform.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Rotate the rod.\", \"描述\": \"Maintain your grip with one hand and turn the rod with the other to wind the rope around the rod. Alternate the turning and gripping hands until the rope is fully wound and the weight reaches the rod.\\nTry to keep the rod in position as you rotate it, without much tilting back and forth.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Rotate the weight back down.\", \"描述\": \"Rotate the rod the other way until the rope is fully extended. Do this slowly and evenly. If the rod keeps slipping out of your grip, wrap a grip around the rod to reduce friction, or just focus on the upward motion.\\nTry 3 sets of 10 reps.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Performing Loaded Carries\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Lift a heavy dumbbell or kettle bell in each hand.\", \"描述\": \"This exercise is geared toward working your forearm muscle endurance by maximizing the time under tension. Start by lifting the dumbbells or kettle bells of your preference. Since “heavy” is relative to your routine, try a weight heavier than you would try to curl but not so heavy that you have to strain. You can always add more or less as needed.\\nIf you really want to maximize this workout, instead of barbells or kettle bells, lift two weight plates pinched together in each hand instead. You will have to work your grip—and therefore forearms—extra hard to keep the plates pinched together so they don’t fall.\\nIf you want to try loading even more weight into this exercise, try using a trap bar instead. With a trap bar, you can stand in the middle and lift the weight with both arms, which allows you to carry much more than your arms working individually.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Stand up straight.\", \"描述\": \"In order to put the brunt of the weight on the correct muscle groups, you want to brace your abs, keep your chest up, and keep your shoulders back. If you hunch, you’ll divert too much of the strain to your upper arms or back.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start walking.\", \"描述\": \"The natural movement and inertia from walking will work your forearms much more than simply standing in place holding the weights, so start walking. Try this workout in sets of twenty yards to start with, or whatever you find comfortable. Increase the length of time gradually. Walking for a long time or using heavy weights before you are ready can cause a shoulder injury.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Performing Individual Wrist Curls\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sit at the edge of your workout bench.\", \"描述\": \"This exercise requires you to be in a sitting stationary position, so take a seat at the edge of your workout bench. You also want to have your feet flat and your knees shoulder-width apart.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Lift an appropriate dumbbell or kettle bell in each hand.\", \"描述\": \"Since this is specifically targeting your wrists and forearms, you will want to start with less weight than you typically use for full-arm curls. You can start with as little as five-pound weights in each hand and increase them incrementally if they prove far too easy.\\nIf you prefer, you can always work just one forearm at a time, which means you can pick up just one weight. Make sure you do the same number of sets and repetitions with each forearm to ensure an equal workout.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Rest your elbow on your thigh with your arm flat.\", \"描述\": \"By resting your arm on your leg, you put the majority of the weight on your forearm instead of your bicep. This position also braces your arm, which allows you to perform the curls with less risk of injury.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Curl the weight by moving only your wrist up and toward you.\", \"描述\": \"Each rep of this workout requires curling the weight up and toward you and then back down. You additionally want to ensure that you breathe out while curling the weight and that you inhale while lowering it.\\nTo get the most out of this exercise, try performing sets of both upward and downward wrist curls. Upward means your palm is facing up, so the weight rests against it. Downward means your palm is facing down, so the weight rests mostly against your fingers. Each direction will work different forearm muscle groups.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Repeat for 12-15 repetitions.\", \"描述\": \"If you have chosen the ideal amount of weight for this exercise, then you should be able to do a set of twelve-to-fifteen repetitions and just barely be able to perform the final one.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Performing Barbell Wrist Curls\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Sit with your forearms down on a flat bench.\", \"描述\": \"For this exercise, you want to place your forearms flat with your hands and wrists protruding off the edge of the bench. If you use a standard workout bench, you can simply kneel to the side of it in order to rest your forearms on the bench—just make sure to put something down to cushion your knees.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Lift up the barbell with both hands.\", \"描述\": \"In order to balance the weight, you want your hands roughly shoulder-width apart to form your grip on the barbell. To start, use a standard grip with your palms facing upward.\\nAgain, the ideal amount of weight is going to vary by person. You should aim for an amount that allows you to do twelve-to-fifteen repetitions before tiring out.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Lower your wrists.\", \"描述\": \"The starting position is going to be with your wrists lowered so that the barbell is hanging low in your grip.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Curl the barbell up and toward you.\", \"描述\": \"With a slow, controlled motion, you want to curl the barbell up and toward you. By moving the barbell slowly, you maximize the gain on each repetition. You want to curl your wrists all the way, bringing the barbell as close to you while only using your wrists as possible, before letting it back down.\\nAt the apex of this motion, you will feel the hard squeeze in your forearms.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Do 12-15 repetitions.\", \"描述\": \"As with the individual wrists routine, you want to do twelve-to-fifteen reps in your set before stopping. If you cannot do this many, try curling less weight.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Flip your arms over and do the curls downward.\", \"描述\": \"This is another workout that you can do with either upward or downward curls. To work a different forearm muscle group, turn your arms over on the bench so your palms face downward. Then lift the barbell back up and do the curls so you can see the backs of your hands.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Utilizing Forearm-Building Grips\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Increase the girth of your grip.\", \"描述\": \"You can additionally increase the workout on each forearm by enlarging the grip on your barbells and dumbbells. You can purchase a fitness product tailored to go over the bar or simply wrap a towel around it. The larger grip area forces you to squeeze harder to maintain your hold, which in turn works your forearms even more.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Use a hammer grip whenever possible.\", \"描述\": \"Utilizing a hammer grip for other exercises will also increase the workout on your forearms. A hammer grip is when the palm faces inward rather than up. You can use a hammer grip with dumbbells or even two-handed workouts such as chin-ups. By using a hammer grip, less weight rests on your palms, which forces you to grip more tightly.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Use handgrips while away from the gym.\", \"描述\": \"A good old-fashioned pair of hand grips with the metal tension coil at the top are an easy way to work forearm muscles while multitasking. Alternatively, you can squeeze a spare tennis ball or racquetball that you have around as well. Anything dealing with isolating and working your hand grip will work your forearm muscles.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Using Bodyweight Exercises\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Do dead hangs.\", \"描述\": \"Some people may prefer using their own bodyweight as the main resistance while building muscle since bodyweight workouts are easier to do at home and don’t require gym equipment. Dead hangs are simply holding onto something above you and supporting your bodyweight with your grip alone. Since the tension is on your grip, you squeeze harder the longer you hang and work forearm muscles.\\nThe larger the surface you choose to grip, the harder you will have to squeeze, so something wider than a typical chin-up bar will work your forearms harder.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do dead hangs into chin-ups.\", \"描述\": \"For a harder, advanced workout, you can do a dead hang of several seconds at the bottom of every chin-up. The pause will ensure that you’re not using any body swing or inertia to start the next chin-up as well.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do finger and wrist push backs.\", \"描述\": \"You can do this exercise either leaning against a bar or a table, or you can do it on the ground in a push-up position (which will be harder). Lean your weight against the surface, and use your wrists and fingers to push your weight back off the surface.\\nIn a push-up position, for instance, you will not bend at the elbows to lower yourself; instead, keep your elbows straight and use your wrists and fingers to push off the ground and lift yourself even higher.\\nYou can add this extra movement onto each normal push-up to get more out of every repetition as well.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Building bigger forearms takes longer than building other muscles such as the biceps, because slow twitch fibres have less capacity for size increase. However, size increases will be more permanent.[18]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"The muscles of the forearm are predominantly \\\"slow twitch.” Slow twitch muscles are very resistant and recover very fast, so you can easily perform many sets without them getting fatigued.\\n\", \"If you don't see results immediately, keep working. The change will be gradual, so you may actually have to measure the circumference of your forearm to notice the change.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Weight training can cause serious injuries to tendons and muscles. If you experience significant pain, stop your training and seek advice from a medical professional. Training with another individual is preferable as each person can help and correct the other.\\n\", \"If you are experiencing pain from too much training, you may find working out on every third day to begin with will help you toughen up. After a few weeks, you may increase your schedule to alternating days, or even daily workouts.\\n\", \"Strenuous workouts can cause soreness, and overdoing it can cause tendon damage or other problems.\\n\", \"Alternate days so that the muscles and tendons have time to recover from the previous workout. Rest at least one full day between training sessions, or use the alternate days to train other parts of your body.[19]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,114 |
How to Build Forms for a Curving Concrete Sidewalk
|
1. Steps
1-1. Use 12-inch (30.5 cm) hardboard siding (sometimes called Masonite) ripped down to 6-inch (15 cm) strips in 16-ft (4.8 meter) lengths (Full-service lumberyards and home centers carry all this forming material).
Flex it to the desired shape of your sidewalk and stake it down. Use marking paint to mark the ground next to the form.
1-2. Slice off sod with a sod cutter, then dig out the rest of the sidewalk path to a depth of 6 inch (15 cm).
Dig out about 3 inch (7.6 cm) wider on both sides of the paint marks to leave room for forms. Set aside some topsoil to fill against the forms and sidewalk later.
1-3. Start thinking about drainage issues at this point.
If water tends to collect in the yard in spots, you may want to elevate the walk in those areas, so don’t dig as deeply there. Long, flat areas should have one side of the sidewalk lower so water can drain off the side. In most cases, make the top of the finished walk even with the (freshly cut) top of the grass for easy mowing and a neat, clean appearance. The bottom of the trench will be about 6 inch (15 cm) below grade to allow for 4 in. of gravel below the 4-in. thick slab of concrete.
1-4. Pound in two stakes about 1 ft (30.5 cm) from the ends of the form positions.
Screw the forms to the inside of the stakes with a couple of 1-1/4 inch (2.5 cm - 3.5 cm) drywall screws. Bend the forms to make smooth curves, anchoring them with more stakes every 3 ft. Keep the tops of the forms about 1 inch (2.5cm) above the cut grass height for easy mowing and a nice appearance.
1-5. Space and level in the opposite form sides using a homemade gauge board—just a 1x4 that’s a few inches longer than the width of the sidewalk.
Screw short blocks onto the bottom spaced the same width as the sidewalk. Use this gauge board to position the forms and stakes to keep a consistent width the entire length of the sidewalk. Rest a 4-ft. (1.22 meters) level on top of the gauge board to keep forms level from side to side. For better drainage in long, level areas, drop this side about 1 in.
1-6. Pack the underlying soil with a plate compactor (rent one).
It’s important to uniformly pack the entire base (including the sides near the forms).
1-7. For a long-lasting sidewalk, plan on a base of gravel under 4 inch of concrete.
If you live in a frost-free climate with a natural sand base with good drainage, you can pour right on top of the sand. But other soil types will expand and contract with weather conditions and can crack overlying concrete. Gravel protects concrete from these shifting conditions. Spread gravel 4 in. deep between the forms. Pack dirt against the outside and gravel against the inside of forms to add support when pouring and to achieve smooth curves. It’s not necessary to compact the gravel.
1-8. Steel mesh with expansion strips prevents heaving, cracking and buckling in cold climates.
Cut off the stakes flush with the tops of the forms. Park a helper on the end of the reinforcing mesh for ballast and unroll the mesh, holding it down with your feet. Cut it to length with a pair of bolt cutters. Flip the mesh over and pull one end toward the other to back-bend it slightly to eliminate the natural curl. Cut the edges of the mesh at least 3 inches (7.6 cm) back from the forms. Overlap mesh layers at least 6 inch (15 cm) and tie them together.
1-9. Hold the mesh 2 inch above the gravel with small globs of concrete or pieces of patio brick while pouring the sidewalk.
Pour a few feet of concrete, heaping it slightly higher than the forms. Don’t shovel concrete; pull it back or push it forward with a steel rake.
Tips
Before Digging, make sure to call 811 Nationwide for your state's OneCall services which will notify all utility companies for you to mark any underground lines. Failure to do this can result in financial penalties for disrupted services or even death. Play it safe, call 811.[8]
X
Research source
See the external links below for more detailed instructions.
I would suggest calling all proper utilities before you start digging and preparing your forms.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Steps\\n1-1. Use 12-inch (30.5 cm) hardboard siding (sometimes called Masonite) ripped down to 6-inch (15 cm) strips in 16-ft (4.8 meter) lengths (Full-service lumberyards and home centers carry all this forming material).\\nFlex it to the desired shape of your sidewalk and stake it down. Use marking paint to mark the ground next to the form.\\n1-2. Slice off sod with a sod cutter, then dig out the rest of the sidewalk path to a depth of 6 inch (15 cm).\\nDig out about 3 inch (7.6 cm) wider on both sides of the paint marks to leave room for forms. Set aside some topsoil to fill against the forms and sidewalk later.\\n1-3. Start thinking about drainage issues at this point.\\nIf water tends to collect in the yard in spots, you may want to elevate the walk in those areas, so don’t dig as deeply there. Long, flat areas should have one side of the sidewalk lower so water can drain off the side. In most cases, make the top of the finished walk even with the (freshly cut) top of the grass for easy mowing and a neat, clean appearance. The bottom of the trench will be about 6 inch (15 cm) below grade to allow for 4 in. of gravel below the 4-in. thick slab of concrete.\\n1-4. Pound in two stakes about 1 ft (30.5 cm) from the ends of the form positions.\\nScrew the forms to the inside of the stakes with a couple of 1-1/4 inch (2.5 cm - 3.5 cm) drywall screws. Bend the forms to make smooth curves, anchoring them with more stakes every 3 ft. Keep the tops of the forms about 1 inch (2.5cm) above the cut grass height for easy mowing and a nice appearance.\\n1-5. Space and level in the opposite form sides using a homemade gauge board—just a 1x4 that’s a few inches longer than the width of the sidewalk.\\nScrew short blocks onto the bottom spaced the same width as the sidewalk. Use this gauge board to position the forms and stakes to keep a consistent width the entire length of the sidewalk. Rest a 4-ft. (1.22 meters) level on top of the gauge board to keep forms level from side to side. For better drainage in long, level areas, drop this side about 1 in.\\n1-6. Pack the underlying soil with a plate compactor (rent one).\\nIt’s important to uniformly pack the entire base (including the sides near the forms).\\n1-7. For a long-lasting sidewalk, plan on a base of gravel under 4 inch of concrete.\\nIf you live in a frost-free climate with a natural sand base with good drainage, you can pour right on top of the sand. But other soil types will expand and contract with weather conditions and can crack overlying concrete. Gravel protects concrete from these shifting conditions. Spread gravel 4 in. deep between the forms. Pack dirt against the outside and gravel against the inside of forms to add support when pouring and to achieve smooth curves. It’s not necessary to compact the gravel.\\n1-8. Steel mesh with expansion strips prevents heaving, cracking and buckling in cold climates.\\nCut off the stakes flush with the tops of the forms. Park a helper on the end of the reinforcing mesh for ballast and unroll the mesh, holding it down with your feet. Cut it to length with a pair of bolt cutters. Flip the mesh over and pull one end toward the other to back-bend it slightly to eliminate the natural curl. Cut the edges of the mesh at least 3 inches (7.6 cm) back from the forms. Overlap mesh layers at least 6 inch (15 cm) and tie them together.\\n1-9. Hold the mesh 2 inch above the gravel with small globs of concrete or pieces of patio brick while pouring the sidewalk.\\nPour a few feet of concrete, heaping it slightly higher than the forms. Don’t shovel concrete; pull it back or push it forward with a steel rake.\\nTips\\nBefore Digging, make sure to call 811 Nationwide for your state's OneCall services which will notify all utility companies for you to mark any underground lines. Failure to do this can result in financial penalties for disrupted services or even death. Play it safe, call 811.[8]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nSee the external links below for more detailed instructions.\\nI would suggest calling all proper utilities before you start digging and preparing your forms.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"Building curved forms for a sidewalk or other concrete project is not much harder than building straight forms, and the results are definitely more interesting.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Steps\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Use 12-inch (30.5 cm) hardboard siding (sometimes called Masonite) ripped down to 6-inch (15 cm) strips in 16-ft (4.8 meter) lengths (Full-service lumberyards and home centers carry all this forming material).\", \"描述\": \"Flex it to the desired shape of your sidewalk and stake it down. Use marking paint to mark the ground next to the form.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Slice off sod with a sod cutter, then dig out the rest of the sidewalk path to a depth of 6 inch (15 cm).\", \"描述\": \"Dig out about 3 inch (7.6 cm) wider on both sides of the paint marks to leave room for forms. Set aside some topsoil to fill against the forms and sidewalk later.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Start thinking about drainage issues at this point.\", \"描述\": \"If water tends to collect in the yard in spots, you may want to elevate the walk in those areas, so don’t dig as deeply there. Long, flat areas should have one side of the sidewalk lower so water can drain off the side. In most cases, make the top of the finished walk even with the (freshly cut) top of the grass for easy mowing and a neat, clean appearance. The bottom of the trench will be about 6 inch (15 cm) below grade to allow for 4 in. of gravel below the 4-in. thick slab of concrete.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Pound in two stakes about 1 ft (30.5 cm) from the ends of the form positions.\", \"描述\": \"Screw the forms to the inside of the stakes with a couple of 1-1/4 inch (2.5 cm - 3.5 cm) drywall screws. Bend the forms to make smooth curves, anchoring them with more stakes every 3 ft. Keep the tops of the forms about 1 inch (2.5cm) above the cut grass height for easy mowing and a nice appearance.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Space and level in the opposite form sides using a homemade gauge board—just a 1x4 that’s a few inches longer than the width of the sidewalk.\", \"描述\": \"Screw short blocks onto the bottom spaced the same width as the sidewalk. Use this gauge board to position the forms and stakes to keep a consistent width the entire length of the sidewalk. Rest a 4-ft. (1.22 meters) level on top of the gauge board to keep forms level from side to side. For better drainage in long, level areas, drop this side about 1 in.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Pack the underlying soil with a plate compactor (rent one).\", \"描述\": \"It’s important to uniformly pack the entire base (including the sides near the forms).\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"For a long-lasting sidewalk, plan on a base of gravel under 4 inch of concrete.\", \"描述\": \"If you live in a frost-free climate with a natural sand base with good drainage, you can pour right on top of the sand. But other soil types will expand and contract with weather conditions and can crack overlying concrete. Gravel protects concrete from these shifting conditions. Spread gravel 4 in. deep between the forms. Pack dirt against the outside and gravel against the inside of forms to add support when pouring and to achieve smooth curves. It’s not necessary to compact the gravel.\"}, {\"编号\": 8, \"标题\": \"Steel mesh with expansion strips prevents heaving, cracking and buckling in cold climates.\", \"描述\": \"Cut off the stakes flush with the tops of the forms. Park a helper on the end of the reinforcing mesh for ballast and unroll the mesh, holding it down with your feet. Cut it to length with a pair of bolt cutters. Flip the mesh over and pull one end toward the other to back-bend it slightly to eliminate the natural curl. Cut the edges of the mesh at least 3 inches (7.6 cm) back from the forms. Overlap mesh layers at least 6 inch (15 cm) and tie them together.\"}, {\"编号\": 9, \"标题\": \"Hold the mesh 2 inch above the gravel with small globs of concrete or pieces of patio brick while pouring the sidewalk.\", \"描述\": \"Pour a few feet of concrete, heaping it slightly higher than the forms. Don’t shovel concrete; pull it back or push it forward with a steel rake.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Before Digging, make sure to call 811 Nationwide for your state's OneCall services which will notify all utility companies for you to mark any underground lines. Failure to do this can result in financial penalties for disrupted services or even death. Play it safe, call 811.[8]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"See the external links below for more detailed instructions.\\n\", \"I would suggest calling all proper utilities before you start digging and preparing your forms.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,115 |
How to Build Garage Shelving
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1. Making Freestanding Shelves
1-1. Cut all of your boards and plywood using a circular saw.
Look for long, straight boards without any deformities. Use a tape measure to find the length of each board. For this shelf, cut 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) boards into 8 pieces that are 2 ft (0.61 m) long and 8 pieces that are 20 in (51 cm) long. Then cut 2 8 ft × 4 ft (2.4 m × 1.2 m) plywood sheets in half to make 4 pieces that are 8 ft × 2 ft (2.44 m × 0.61 m).
Purchase 16 boards that are 8 ft (2.4 m) long so you only need to make cuts for the short sides of your shelves. Leave 10 of the boards uncut.
This shelf is 8 feet (2.4 m) tall, 8 feet (2.4 m) long, and 2 feet (0.61 m) deep. The final measurements for your shelves will vary depending on the size of your garage.
1-2. Make a frame for each shelf using 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) boards.
Arrange 2 boards that are 8 ft (2.4 m) long and 2 boards that are 2 ft (0.61 m) long into a rectangle that measures 8 by 2 feet (2.44 m × 0.61 m). Set your 20 in (51 cm) boards parallel to the 2 ft (0.61 m) boards inside the frame about 30 inches (76 cm) in from each side. These boards will help support the weight on your shelf.
In total, you will have enough frames to make 4 shelves.
1-3. Screw or nail the frame together.
Drive 2 nails or screws that are 3 in (7.6 cm) long in each corner with either a hammer or an electric screwdriver. When you're finished with the corners, finish by attaching the support beams in the middle of the frame, using 2 nails or screws on each side. Repeat the process for the 3 remaining shelves.
1-4. Nail the plywood on top of your shelves.
Lay the plywood on top of your shelf frames so the smooth side faces up. Drive 2 in (5.1 cm) nails every 2 feet (0.61 m) along your frame, starting in the corners. Continue securing the plywood for each of your shelves.
Use a nail gun if you want to attach the plywood faster.
1-5. Attach the bottom shelf to 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) uprights.
Clamp 4 boards that are 8 ft (2.4 m) long on the corners of the bottom shelf so they're flush. Start by attaching the bottom shelf at ground level using 2 nails or screws that are 3 in (7.6 cm) long in each corner.
Move the bottom shelf up by 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) if you don't want it resting directly on the ground.
1-6. Place the rest of the shelves 2 feet (0.61 m) apart from one another.
Clamp a spare 2 ft (0.61 m) board between 2 of the uprights and set your next shelf on it. Use a level to make sure your shelf is sitting straight. Raise the other end of the shelf until it's level and clamp it to the other set of uprights. Secure the shelf with nails or screws, and continue adding shelves until the last one is flush with the top.
Have a partner help you lift and maneuver the shelves so you don't damage them or hurt yourself.
2. Building Small Shelves on the Wall
2-1. Saw your boards and plywood to size.
Use a circular saw to cut ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) plywood into 2 shelves that are 16 in (41 cm) deep and 6 ft (72 in) long. Cut your 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) boards into 6 pieces each that are 12 inches (30 cm), 10 inches (25 cm), and 8 ⁄2 inches (22 cm). These pieces will form your brackets.
Some home improvement stores can cut your plywood to size for you. Ask an employee at the store if they are able to cut your wood.
2-2. Mark and cut 45-degree angles on the ends of your 12 in (30 cm) pieces.
Use a speed square and a pencil to mark your angles. Make both angles on the same side so your boards look like trapezoids when they're cut. Cut along the angles with your circular saw.
Speed squares help you mark angles quickly, and they can be purchased from your local hardware store.
2-3. Make 6 triangular brackets from your 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) boards.
Form an L-shape with your 10 in (25 cm) and 8 ⁄2 in (22 cm) pieces. Attach the boards at their joint with 2 screws that are 2 ⁄2 in (6.4 cm) long and an electric screwdriver. Set the piece with the angle cuts inside the L-shape so it forms a triangle. Screw the board in place using 2 screws on each end.
2-4. Drive the brackets in your garage wall.
Use a stud finder and a pencil to mark the spots along your wall where you can attach your brackets. Plan to put the first set of brackets 16 in (41 cm) apart and the third bracket 32 in (81 cm) away from the second. Hold the side of the bracket with the 8 ⁄2 in (22 cm) board against your wall, and use 4 screws per bracket to attach them to the wall. Repeat the process for your second shelf.
Finding the studs is especially important if you plan to store anything heavy on your shelves.
Adjust the height of your shelves depending on what you want to store on them. Usually, 16 inches (41 cm) between the shelves is enough.
2-5. Attach the plywood on top of the brackets.
Set your plywood pieces on your brackets and make sure they are flush with the wall. Use 4 screws that are 2 ⁄2 in (6.4 cm) long per bracket to attach your shelves. Once your shelves are secure, you can start loading your items on them.
3. Hanging Shelves from the Ceiling
3-1. Cut your boards and sheet of plywood.
Leave 2 of your 10 ft (3.0 m) boards uncut. Cut the remaining 3 boards into 7 pieces that are 27 in (69 cm) long and 2 pieces that are 30 in (76 cm) long. Use your saw to cut the plywood into 1 sheet that's 8 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (2.44 m × 0.76 m) and 2 pieces that are 1 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (0.30 m × 0.76 m).
The final shelf measures 10 feet (3.0 m) long and 2 ⁄2 feet (0.76 m) deep, and will hang 26 inches (66 cm) from the ceiling. Your shelves may vary in size depending on the size of your garage.
3-2. Attach 2 boards that are 30 in (76 cm) long to a ceiling beam with a tie connector.
Climb a ladder and find a ceiling beam that extends 30 inches (76 cm) from the wall. Attach a tie connector with 3 in (7.6 cm) screws to the ceiling beam with an electric screwdriver. Place the other tie connector 116 inches (290 cm) apart from the first one and screw it in. Put a 30 in (76 cm) in each tie connector with screws.
Tie connectors can be purchased at your local hardware store.
3-3. Build your shelf frame using 10 ft (3.0 m) and 27 in (69 cm) boards.
Make a rectangle that's 10 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (3.05 m × 0.76 m) with your boards. Arrange the rest of the short boards parallel to the side of the frame inside the rectangle at 2 ft (61 cm) intervals to create supports. Use 2 nails at each connection to secure the boards and finish your frame.
3-4. Screw one side of the shelf to your garage wall.
Hold the shelf frame so the bottom is level with the ends of the boards hanging from the ceiling. Use 3 ⁄4 in (8.3 cm) screws in the middle of the board every 18 inches (46 cm) to secure the shelf to wall.
Have a partner help you lift and support the board while you secure it to the wall.
3-5. Attach the other side of the shelf to the boards hanging from the ceiling.
Make sure the bottom of the ceiling supports are flush with the bottom of the shelf. Drive 2 nails through the supports with a hammer to secure them in place.
Use a nail gun if you want to drive the nails quickly.
3-6. Secure the plywood on top of your shelf with nails.
Put the 1 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (0.30 m × 0.76 m) sheets flush with either end of the shelf. Nail the sheets down in each corner. Then, set the 8 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (2.44 m × 0.76 m) piece of plywood in between the smaller sheets and slide it so the edges are flush with the frame. Put in a nail every 18 inches (46 cm) along the front of the shelf.
You don't need to secure the plywood on the back of the frame.
Tips
Adjust the dimensions of the shelves for what works best in your space.
Paint or stain the shelves if you don't like the look of plain plywood.
Warnings
Wear safety glasses while working with saws.
Always use caution while climbing a ladder.
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{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:02",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Making Freestanding Shelves\\n1-1. Cut all of your boards and plywood using a circular saw.\\nLook for long, straight boards without any deformities. Use a tape measure to find the length of each board. For this shelf, cut 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) boards into 8 pieces that are 2 ft (0.61 m) long and 8 pieces that are 20 in (51 cm) long. Then cut 2 8 ft × 4 ft (2.4 m × 1.2 m) plywood sheets in half to make 4 pieces that are 8 ft × 2 ft (2.44 m × 0.61 m).\\nPurchase 16 boards that are 8 ft (2.4 m) long so you only need to make cuts for the short sides of your shelves. Leave 10 of the boards uncut.\\nThis shelf is 8 feet (2.4 m) tall, 8 feet (2.4 m) long, and 2 feet (0.61 m) deep. The final measurements for your shelves will vary depending on the size of your garage.\\n1-2. Make a frame for each shelf using 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) boards.\\nArrange 2 boards that are 8 ft (2.4 m) long and 2 boards that are 2 ft (0.61 m) long into a rectangle that measures 8 by 2 feet (2.44 m × 0.61 m). Set your 20 in (51 cm) boards parallel to the 2 ft (0.61 m) boards inside the frame about 30 inches (76 cm) in from each side. These boards will help support the weight on your shelf.\\nIn total, you will have enough frames to make 4 shelves.\\n1-3. Screw or nail the frame together.\\nDrive 2 nails or screws that are 3 in (7.6 cm) long in each corner with either a hammer or an electric screwdriver. When you're finished with the corners, finish by attaching the support beams in the middle of the frame, using 2 nails or screws on each side. Repeat the process for the 3 remaining shelves.\\n1-4. Nail the plywood on top of your shelves.\\nLay the plywood on top of your shelf frames so the smooth side faces up. Drive 2 in (5.1 cm) nails every 2 feet (0.61 m) along your frame, starting in the corners. Continue securing the plywood for each of your shelves.\\nUse a nail gun if you want to attach the plywood faster.\\n1-5. Attach the bottom shelf to 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) uprights.\\nClamp 4 boards that are 8 ft (2.4 m) long on the corners of the bottom shelf so they're flush. Start by attaching the bottom shelf at ground level using 2 nails or screws that are 3 in (7.6 cm) long in each corner.\\nMove the bottom shelf up by 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) if you don't want it resting directly on the ground.\\n1-6. Place the rest of the shelves 2 feet (0.61 m) apart from one another.\\nClamp a spare 2 ft (0.61 m) board between 2 of the uprights and set your next shelf on it. Use a level to make sure your shelf is sitting straight. Raise the other end of the shelf until it's level and clamp it to the other set of uprights. Secure the shelf with nails or screws, and continue adding shelves until the last one is flush with the top.\\nHave a partner help you lift and maneuver the shelves so you don't damage them or hurt yourself.\\n2. Building Small Shelves on the Wall\\n2-1. Saw your boards and plywood to size.\\nUse a circular saw to cut ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) plywood into 2 shelves that are 16 in (41 cm) deep and 6 ft (72 in) long. Cut your 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) boards into 6 pieces each that are 12 inches (30 cm), 10 inches (25 cm), and 8 ⁄2 inches (22 cm). These pieces will form your brackets.\\nSome home improvement stores can cut your plywood to size for you. Ask an employee at the store if they are able to cut your wood.\\n2-2. Mark and cut 45-degree angles on the ends of your 12 in (30 cm) pieces.\\nUse a speed square and a pencil to mark your angles. Make both angles on the same side so your boards look like trapezoids when they're cut. Cut along the angles with your circular saw.\\nSpeed squares help you mark angles quickly, and they can be purchased from your local hardware store.\\n2-3. Make 6 triangular brackets from your 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) boards.\\nForm an L-shape with your 10 in (25 cm) and 8 ⁄2 in (22 cm) pieces. Attach the boards at their joint with 2 screws that are 2 ⁄2 in (6.4 cm) long and an electric screwdriver. Set the piece with the angle cuts inside the L-shape so it forms a triangle. Screw the board in place using 2 screws on each end.\\n2-4. Drive the brackets in your garage wall.\\nUse a stud finder and a pencil to mark the spots along your wall where you can attach your brackets. Plan to put the first set of brackets 16 in (41 cm) apart and the third bracket 32 in (81 cm) away from the second. Hold the side of the bracket with the 8 ⁄2 in (22 cm) board against your wall, and use 4 screws per bracket to attach them to the wall. Repeat the process for your second shelf.\\nFinding the studs is especially important if you plan to store anything heavy on your shelves.\\nAdjust the height of your shelves depending on what you want to store on them. Usually, 16 inches (41 cm) between the shelves is enough.\\n2-5. Attach the plywood on top of the brackets.\\nSet your plywood pieces on your brackets and make sure they are flush with the wall. Use 4 screws that are 2 ⁄2 in (6.4 cm) long per bracket to attach your shelves. Once your shelves are secure, you can start loading your items on them.\\n3. Hanging Shelves from the Ceiling\\n3-1. Cut your boards and sheet of plywood.\\nLeave 2 of your 10 ft (3.0 m) boards uncut. Cut the remaining 3 boards into 7 pieces that are 27 in (69 cm) long and 2 pieces that are 30 in (76 cm) long. Use your saw to cut the plywood into 1 sheet that's 8 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (2.44 m × 0.76 m) and 2 pieces that are 1 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (0.30 m × 0.76 m).\\nThe final shelf measures 10 feet (3.0 m) long and 2 ⁄2 feet (0.76 m) deep, and will hang 26 inches (66 cm) from the ceiling. Your shelves may vary in size depending on the size of your garage.\\n3-2. Attach 2 boards that are 30 in (76 cm) long to a ceiling beam with a tie connector.\\nClimb a ladder and find a ceiling beam that extends 30 inches (76 cm) from the wall. Attach a tie connector with 3 in (7.6 cm) screws to the ceiling beam with an electric screwdriver. Place the other tie connector 116 inches (290 cm) apart from the first one and screw it in. Put a 30 in (76 cm) in each tie connector with screws.\\nTie connectors can be purchased at your local hardware store.\\n3-3. Build your shelf frame using 10 ft (3.0 m) and 27 in (69 cm) boards.\\nMake a rectangle that's 10 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (3.05 m × 0.76 m) with your boards. Arrange the rest of the short boards parallel to the side of the frame inside the rectangle at 2 ft (61 cm) intervals to create supports. Use 2 nails at each connection to secure the boards and finish your frame.\\n3-4. Screw one side of the shelf to your garage wall.\\nHold the shelf frame so the bottom is level with the ends of the boards hanging from the ceiling. Use 3 ⁄4 in (8.3 cm) screws in the middle of the board every 18 inches (46 cm) to secure the shelf to wall.\\nHave a partner help you lift and support the board while you secure it to the wall.\\n3-5. Attach the other side of the shelf to the boards hanging from the ceiling.\\nMake sure the bottom of the ceiling supports are flush with the bottom of the shelf. Drive 2 nails through the supports with a hammer to secure them in place.\\nUse a nail gun if you want to drive the nails quickly.\\n3-6. Secure the plywood on top of your shelf with nails.\\nPut the 1 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (0.30 m × 0.76 m) sheets flush with either end of the shelf. Nail the sheets down in each corner. Then, set the 8 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (2.44 m × 0.76 m) piece of plywood in between the smaller sheets and slide it so the edges are flush with the frame. Put in a nail every 18 inches (46 cm) along the front of the shelf.\\nYou don't need to secure the plywood on the back of the frame.\\nTips\\nAdjust the dimensions of the shelves for what works best in your space.\\nPaint or stain the shelves if you don't like the look of plain plywood.\\nWarnings\\nWear safety glasses while working with saws.\\nAlways use caution while climbing a ladder.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"If you have a cluttered garage, adding shelves can help you organize your space. If you have a large garage, freestanding shelving units are perfect to set up against a wall. However, if you don't have open floor space, you can build shelves that hang from the ceiling to keep your things out of the way. For storing lightweight items and tools, you can build shelves directly on your wall.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Making Freestanding Shelves\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cut all of your boards and plywood using a circular saw.\", \"描述\": \"Look for long, straight boards without any deformities. Use a tape measure to find the length of each board. For this shelf, cut 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) boards into 8 pieces that are 2 ft (0.61 m) long and 8 pieces that are 20 in (51 cm) long. Then cut 2 8 ft × 4 ft (2.4 m × 1.2 m) plywood sheets in half to make 4 pieces that are 8 ft × 2 ft (2.44 m × 0.61 m).\\nPurchase 16 boards that are 8 ft (2.4 m) long so you only need to make cuts for the short sides of your shelves. Leave 10 of the boards uncut.\\nThis shelf is 8 feet (2.4 m) tall, 8 feet (2.4 m) long, and 2 feet (0.61 m) deep. The final measurements for your shelves will vary depending on the size of your garage.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Make a frame for each shelf using 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) boards.\", \"描述\": \"Arrange 2 boards that are 8 ft (2.4 m) long and 2 boards that are 2 ft (0.61 m) long into a rectangle that measures 8 by 2 feet (2.44 m × 0.61 m). Set your 20 in (51 cm) boards parallel to the 2 ft (0.61 m) boards inside the frame about 30 inches (76 cm) in from each side. These boards will help support the weight on your shelf.\\nIn total, you will have enough frames to make 4 shelves.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Screw or nail the frame together.\", \"描述\": \"Drive 2 nails or screws that are 3 in (7.6 cm) long in each corner with either a hammer or an electric screwdriver. When you're finished with the corners, finish by attaching the support beams in the middle of the frame, using 2 nails or screws on each side. Repeat the process for the 3 remaining shelves.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Nail the plywood on top of your shelves.\", \"描述\": \"Lay the plywood on top of your shelf frames so the smooth side faces up. Drive 2 in (5.1 cm) nails every 2 feet (0.61 m) along your frame, starting in the corners. Continue securing the plywood for each of your shelves.\\nUse a nail gun if you want to attach the plywood faster.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Attach the bottom shelf to 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) uprights.\", \"描述\": \"Clamp 4 boards that are 8 ft (2.4 m) long on the corners of the bottom shelf so they're flush. Start by attaching the bottom shelf at ground level using 2 nails or screws that are 3 in (7.6 cm) long in each corner.\\nMove the bottom shelf up by 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) if you don't want it resting directly on the ground.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Place the rest of the shelves 2 feet (0.61 m) apart from one another.\", \"描述\": \"Clamp a spare 2 ft (0.61 m) board between 2 of the uprights and set your next shelf on it. Use a level to make sure your shelf is sitting straight. Raise the other end of the shelf until it's level and clamp it to the other set of uprights. Secure the shelf with nails or screws, and continue adding shelves until the last one is flush with the top.\\nHave a partner help you lift and maneuver the shelves so you don't damage them or hurt yourself.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Building Small Shelves on the Wall\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Saw your boards and plywood to size.\", \"描述\": \"Use a circular saw to cut ⁄2 in (1.3 cm) plywood into 2 shelves that are 16 in (41 cm) deep and 6 ft (72 in) long. Cut your 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) boards into 6 pieces each that are 12 inches (30 cm), 10 inches (25 cm), and 8 ⁄2 inches (22 cm). These pieces will form your brackets.\\nSome home improvement stores can cut your plywood to size for you. Ask an employee at the store if they are able to cut your wood.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Mark and cut 45-degree angles on the ends of your 12 in (30 cm) pieces.\", \"描述\": \"Use a speed square and a pencil to mark your angles. Make both angles on the same side so your boards look like trapezoids when they're cut. Cut along the angles with your circular saw.\\nSpeed squares help you mark angles quickly, and they can be purchased from your local hardware store.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make 6 triangular brackets from your 2 in × 4 in (5.1 cm × 10.2 cm) boards.\", \"描述\": \"Form an L-shape with your 10 in (25 cm) and 8 ⁄2 in (22 cm) pieces. Attach the boards at their joint with 2 screws that are 2 ⁄2 in (6.4 cm) long and an electric screwdriver. Set the piece with the angle cuts inside the L-shape so it forms a triangle. Screw the board in place using 2 screws on each end.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Drive the brackets in your garage wall.\", \"描述\": \"Use a stud finder and a pencil to mark the spots along your wall where you can attach your brackets. Plan to put the first set of brackets 16 in (41 cm) apart and the third bracket 32 in (81 cm) away from the second. Hold the side of the bracket with the 8 ⁄2 in (22 cm) board against your wall, and use 4 screws per bracket to attach them to the wall. Repeat the process for your second shelf.\\nFinding the studs is especially important if you plan to store anything heavy on your shelves.\\nAdjust the height of your shelves depending on what you want to store on them. Usually, 16 inches (41 cm) between the shelves is enough.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Attach the plywood on top of the brackets.\", \"描述\": \"Set your plywood pieces on your brackets and make sure they are flush with the wall. Use 4 screws that are 2 ⁄2 in (6.4 cm) long per bracket to attach your shelves. Once your shelves are secure, you can start loading your items on them.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hanging Shelves from the Ceiling\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Cut your boards and sheet of plywood.\", \"描述\": \"Leave 2 of your 10 ft (3.0 m) boards uncut. Cut the remaining 3 boards into 7 pieces that are 27 in (69 cm) long and 2 pieces that are 30 in (76 cm) long. Use your saw to cut the plywood into 1 sheet that's 8 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (2.44 m × 0.76 m) and 2 pieces that are 1 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (0.30 m × 0.76 m).\\nThe final shelf measures 10 feet (3.0 m) long and 2 ⁄2 feet (0.76 m) deep, and will hang 26 inches (66 cm) from the ceiling. Your shelves may vary in size depending on the size of your garage.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Attach 2 boards that are 30 in (76 cm) long to a ceiling beam with a tie connector.\", \"描述\": \"Climb a ladder and find a ceiling beam that extends 30 inches (76 cm) from the wall. Attach a tie connector with 3 in (7.6 cm) screws to the ceiling beam with an electric screwdriver. Place the other tie connector 116 inches (290 cm) apart from the first one and screw it in. Put a 30 in (76 cm) in each tie connector with screws.\\nTie connectors can be purchased at your local hardware store.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Build your shelf frame using 10 ft (3.0 m) and 27 in (69 cm) boards.\", \"描述\": \"Make a rectangle that's 10 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (3.05 m × 0.76 m) with your boards. Arrange the rest of the short boards parallel to the side of the frame inside the rectangle at 2 ft (61 cm) intervals to create supports. Use 2 nails at each connection to secure the boards and finish your frame.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Screw one side of the shelf to your garage wall.\", \"描述\": \"Hold the shelf frame so the bottom is level with the ends of the boards hanging from the ceiling. Use 3 ⁄4 in (8.3 cm) screws in the middle of the board every 18 inches (46 cm) to secure the shelf to wall.\\nHave a partner help you lift and support the board while you secure it to the wall.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Attach the other side of the shelf to the boards hanging from the ceiling.\", \"描述\": \"Make sure the bottom of the ceiling supports are flush with the bottom of the shelf. Drive 2 nails through the supports with a hammer to secure them in place.\\nUse a nail gun if you want to drive the nails quickly.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Secure the plywood on top of your shelf with nails.\", \"描述\": \"Put the 1 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (0.30 m × 0.76 m) sheets flush with either end of the shelf. Nail the sheets down in each corner. Then, set the 8 ft × 2 ⁄2 ft (2.44 m × 0.76 m) piece of plywood in between the smaller sheets and slide it so the edges are flush with the frame. Put in a nail every 18 inches (46 cm) along the front of the shelf.\\nYou don't need to secure the plywood on the back of the frame.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Adjust the dimensions of the shelves for what works best in your space.\\n\", \"Paint or stain the shelves if you don't like the look of plain plywood.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Wear safety glasses while working with saws.\\n\", \"Always use caution while climbing a ladder.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,116 |
How to Build Glutes
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1. Working Out with Weights
1-1. Squat
You can't build a better butt by only focusing on squats, but you should still do them. Squats may be the most effective total lower body exercise you can do.
Stand with your feet under your shoulders and slightly pointed outward. Keep your back straight and your eyes forward. If it helps, find a spot on the wall in front of you to focus on. Look at this spot throughout the entire squat.
Breathe in and start bending at the hips while pushing your butt back. As your knees start to bend keep pushing your hips back.
A proper squat should feel somewhat like sitting on your heels. Focus on keeping your knees lined up with your toes.
To execute a proper squat, make sure your hip joint is lower than your knees. Once you feel comfortable squatting, try to go deeper than this for a more intense workout.
Breathe out and drive your feet into the ground to bring yourself back up. Squeeze your glutes and push your hips forward until you're back to the starting position.
If you're knew to lifting, try working with just the bar to get a feel for the form. You can even do squats with just your body weight. These are "air squats," and are an excellent way to warm up.
Once you start adding weight, aim for an amount you can lift for 5 full "reps," or repetitions. Each time you squat and come back up is a full repetition.
1-2. Do lunges
As with squats, keep your back straight and find a spot in front of you to focus on. Relax your shoulders. Your feet should be about shoulder width apart. Find a comfortable weight to hold in each hand.
Take a step forward with one leg until your knee is bent at a 90-degree angle. Keep this front knee in line with your ankle. The knee of your back leg should also be bent at a 90-degree angle. Do not let it touch the floor.
Pushing off with the heel of your front leg, return to the starting position and repeat with the other leg.
Try reverse lunges. Set up the basic starting position for lunges. Instead of taking a step forward, step backward. Keep your back straight as you would in a forward lunge. This requires a little more balance than the forward lunge. Make sure you're comfortable with your form before attempting a reverse lunge.
Lunges are a good lower body exercise, but they can put a lot of strain on your knees. Take smaller steps if you feel pain in your knees. You can always work to increase your range of motion.
1-3. Do weighted step-ups.
Find a small platform or step stool. Holding a dumbbell in each hand, and standing up straight, place one foot onto the platform. Pushing with your lead foot, lift the rest of your body onto the platform.
As you lift the rest of your body onto the platform, breathe out.
Place your lead leg back on the ground. Move your body off the platform until you are standing back in the starting position. As with lunges, you should alternate which leg you start each rep with.
1-4. Try deadlifts.
Deadlifts are a compound exercise. They will work out your lower body, but they also help with core and back strength.
Stand up straight in front of a barbell with weights. Your feet should be under your shoulders and the bar should be over the middle of your feet.
Keeping your back straight and your hips in place, lean down and grab the bar. Your hands should be a little further apart than your legs. Once you have a good grip on the bar, lower your hips and bend your knees slightly.
To lift the weight off the ground, drive your feet down into the ground and pull up until you are standing upright. Inhale as you lift.
Keep everything tight as you lift the weight off the ground. Squeeze your butt, engage your core, and don't lean back.
Once you've lifted the weight off the ground, do not just drop the bar. To set the weight back down, reverse the movement you used to lift it. Keeping everything tight, push the hips back and begin bending the knees. Focus on a spot in front of you and move your entire body down at the same time. Do not lean forward and do not round your back.
2. Working Out without Weights
2-1. Add calisthenics to your routine.
Some exercises that require weights can be done without weights. If you don't have time to hit the gym, you can do calisthenics almost anywhere.
To do an air squat, set up as if you were in front of the squat rack at the gym. Put your feet a little more than shoulder width apart, with your toes facing outward. Using the same form you would in weighted squats, lower your hips and push your butt back. To help keep your balance, push your arms out in front of you as you lower down.
Lunges can be performed without weights very easily. The form is exactly the same with or without weights.
To do a glute kickback, set up as if you were going to do a push-up, but stay on your knees. Lift one leg off the ground until your thigh is parallel to the ground. Keep your shin perpendicular to the ground and push your leg up. Lower you leg slowly and repeat with the other leg.
2-2. Try doing bridges.
To do a short bridge, lie flat on your back with the bottoms of your feet on the floor and your knees at about 45 degrees. Keep your shoulders and arms on the floor. Push up using your heels and raise your hips up as high as possible. Hold at the top for two seconds. Slowly lower your body back to the ground.
Once you've mastered the short bridge, try doing a straight bridge. The straight bridge is a lot like a reverse push up. Sitting up with your legs straight in front of you, place your hands near your hips. Push your torso up and squeeze your butt. Hold for a few seconds before lowering back down.
To do a full bridge, lie flat on your back. Bend your knees and place your hands by your head. Lift your entire body off the ground and arch your back. Push your hips into the air and squeeze your legs, butt, and core. Take a deep breath and make sure you give everything a good stretch. Hold for a 1-2 seconds and then lower yourself back down.
2-3. Do leg raises.
Lie down on your side and rest your head on your bottom arm. Place your other arm palm down in front of you body. Keep both of your legs straight and lift your top leg about 1 foot off of your bottom leg. Lift your bottom leg to meet your top leg. Slowly lower both legs to the ground.
Another variation is to lie flat on your back with your legs straight in front of you. Slowly lift your legs off the ground to a 90-degree angle. Hold for one second and then lower your legs taking care not to let them touch the ground.
2-4. Go for a run.
Running is a great way to tone your legs and butt. Any kind of running is likely to improve your lower body, but sprinting might be the best way.
For an added challenge, run up a hill. Hill sprints will improve your glutes by putting more stress on your hip flexors.
Running is a high impact activity and may not be good for your joints. If you can't run, try using an elliptical machine or a stationary bike.
2-5. Experiment with other exercises.
There are numerous exercises that workout your glutes and lower body. Do some research and find some new exercises to incorporate into your routine. Some people find that adding new exercises keeps them motivated to keep working out.
Try out a hip thrust exercise for something a little different.
You could also try joining a yoga class. Yoga is an excellent way to strengthen your muscles, increase flexibility, and tone your body.
You can even change up your glute workout with exercise bands.
3. Maintaining a Proper Diet
3-1. Watch what you eat.
A large part of getting a better butt, and a better body in general, is diet. If you don't combine exercise with healthy eating, you won't get good results.
To get the best results, calculate your recommended caloric intake. You need energy to work out. If you want to lose weight, consume fewer calories. If you want to gain weight, consume more. Either way, make sure you are balancing your work out with the amount of calories you consume.
3-2. Eat well-balanced meals.
You need protein to gain muscle, but you need carbohydrates for energy. Don't focus too heavily on one or the other. To get the most out of your diet, make sure you know how much of each you need.
About 15% of your daily caloric intake should come from protein, and about 55% should come from carbohydrates.
Lean proteins, such as chicken and fish, are better for you than red meat. Incorporate a vegetarian meal two or three times a week to mix things up.
Eat whole grains, sweet potatoes, and whole wheat breads for a good source of energy.
3-3. Eat the right kind of fat.
You need a certain amount of healthy fats to maintain good health. Good fats are usually liquid at room temperature. Fats such as olive oil, flaxseed oil, and safflower oil are good. If a fat is solid at room temperature, such as butter, avoid it.
3-4. Drink plenty of water.
Water is necessary to keep the body hydrated. Aim for a glass of water for every 20 minutes of exercise.
4. Understanding the Butt Muscles
4-1. Develop the right muscles.
When searching for a way to build a better butt, keep in mind that there are three muscles that make up the butt. Consider each of these muscles when creating your workout plan.
The gluteus maximus is the largest of the butt muscles, as well as the largest muscle in the body. When you rise from a squat position, or do any kind of thigh extension, this is the muscle you are using.
The gluteus medius and the gluteus minimus have similar functions. When running, they stabilize your leg as it hits the ground. They also help with thigh rotations.
4-2. Discover your true shape.
Don't focus too much on achieving a certain type of butt. As with the rest of your body, it is largely genetic.
Whether you have a large set of glutes or a particularly small set is probably the result of heredity. You can still work your butt muscles and make them stronger, but you may not be able to change their shape.
4-3. Mix it up.
The best way to build a better butt is to workout all three muscles with a variety of exercises. Don't rely on just squats to get your butt in shape.
The glutes respond to both strength and endurance training. Some of the muscles are "fast-twitch," meaning they respond to bursts of power. These muscles get worked out during exercises such as the squat.
The glutes also contain "slow-twitch" muscles, which respond to aerobic exercises and running.
Tips
Be sure to always stretch before doing these exercises, especially if you're using weights.
Do workouts with heavy weights only once or twice a week in order to allow your butt muscles time to recover.
Squeeze your butt muscles whenever pushing up from a squat, doing leg exercises or stretching with your body's weight.
Warnings
Alternate exercises to avoid overworking specific muscles.
Be careful when doing exercises that place stress on joints and your lower back. If you have a history of injury, check with a doctor before starting any exercise routine.
When lifting heavy weights on a barbell, use a power or squat rack with safety bars. This will allow you to lift more weight without worrying about hurting yourself if you're unable to finish the exercise.
Warm up with a few minutes of light cardio exercise, like walking or biking, before doing strength exercises. Dynamic stretching is good too. Save static stretching (holding a stretch for more than a few seconds) for after your strength workout.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:03",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Working Out with Weights\\n1-1. Squat\\nYou can't build a better butt by only focusing on squats, but you should still do them. Squats may be the most effective total lower body exercise you can do.\\nStand with your feet under your shoulders and slightly pointed outward. Keep your back straight and your eyes forward. If it helps, find a spot on the wall in front of you to focus on. Look at this spot throughout the entire squat.\\nBreathe in and start bending at the hips while pushing your butt back. As your knees start to bend keep pushing your hips back.\\nA proper squat should feel somewhat like sitting on your heels. Focus on keeping your knees lined up with your toes.\\nTo execute a proper squat, make sure your hip joint is lower than your knees. Once you feel comfortable squatting, try to go deeper than this for a more intense workout.\\nBreathe out and drive your feet into the ground to bring yourself back up. Squeeze your glutes and push your hips forward until you're back to the starting position.\\nIf you're knew to lifting, try working with just the bar to get a feel for the form. You can even do squats with just your body weight. These are \\\"air squats,\\\" and are an excellent way to warm up.\\nOnce you start adding weight, aim for an amount you can lift for 5 full \\\"reps,\\\" or repetitions. Each time you squat and come back up is a full repetition.\\n1-2. Do lunges\\nAs with squats, keep your back straight and find a spot in front of you to focus on. Relax your shoulders. Your feet should be about shoulder width apart. Find a comfortable weight to hold in each hand.\\nTake a step forward with one leg until your knee is bent at a 90-degree angle. Keep this front knee in line with your ankle. The knee of your back leg should also be bent at a 90-degree angle. Do not let it touch the floor.\\nPushing off with the heel of your front leg, return to the starting position and repeat with the other leg.\\nTry reverse lunges. Set up the basic starting position for lunges. Instead of taking a step forward, step backward. Keep your back straight as you would in a forward lunge. This requires a little more balance than the forward lunge. Make sure you're comfortable with your form before attempting a reverse lunge.\\nLunges are a good lower body exercise, but they can put a lot of strain on your knees. Take smaller steps if you feel pain in your knees. You can always work to increase your range of motion.\\n1-3. Do weighted step-ups.\\nFind a small platform or step stool. Holding a dumbbell in each hand, and standing up straight, place one foot onto the platform. Pushing with your lead foot, lift the rest of your body onto the platform.\\nAs you lift the rest of your body onto the platform, breathe out.\\nPlace your lead leg back on the ground. Move your body off the platform until you are standing back in the starting position. As with lunges, you should alternate which leg you start each rep with.\\n1-4. Try deadlifts.\\nDeadlifts are a compound exercise. They will work out your lower body, but they also help with core and back strength.\\nStand up straight in front of a barbell with weights. Your feet should be under your shoulders and the bar should be over the middle of your feet.\\nKeeping your back straight and your hips in place, lean down and grab the bar. Your hands should be a little further apart than your legs. Once you have a good grip on the bar, lower your hips and bend your knees slightly.\\nTo lift the weight off the ground, drive your feet down into the ground and pull up until you are standing upright. Inhale as you lift.\\nKeep everything tight as you lift the weight off the ground. Squeeze your butt, engage your core, and don't lean back.\\nOnce you've lifted the weight off the ground, do not just drop the bar. To set the weight back down, reverse the movement you used to lift it. Keeping everything tight, push the hips back and begin bending the knees. Focus on a spot in front of you and move your entire body down at the same time. Do not lean forward and do not round your back.\\n2. Working Out without Weights\\n2-1. Add calisthenics to your routine.\\nSome exercises that require weights can be done without weights. If you don't have time to hit the gym, you can do calisthenics almost anywhere.\\nTo do an air squat, set up as if you were in front of the squat rack at the gym. Put your feet a little more than shoulder width apart, with your toes facing outward. Using the same form you would in weighted squats, lower your hips and push your butt back. To help keep your balance, push your arms out in front of you as you lower down.\\nLunges can be performed without weights very easily. The form is exactly the same with or without weights.\\nTo do a glute kickback, set up as if you were going to do a push-up, but stay on your knees. Lift one leg off the ground until your thigh is parallel to the ground. Keep your shin perpendicular to the ground and push your leg up. Lower you leg slowly and repeat with the other leg.\\n2-2. Try doing bridges.\\nTo do a short bridge, lie flat on your back with the bottoms of your feet on the floor and your knees at about 45 degrees. Keep your shoulders and arms on the floor. Push up using your heels and raise your hips up as high as possible. Hold at the top for two seconds. Slowly lower your body back to the ground.\\nOnce you've mastered the short bridge, try doing a straight bridge. The straight bridge is a lot like a reverse push up. Sitting up with your legs straight in front of you, place your hands near your hips. Push your torso up and squeeze your butt. Hold for a few seconds before lowering back down.\\nTo do a full bridge, lie flat on your back. Bend your knees and place your hands by your head. Lift your entire body off the ground and arch your back. Push your hips into the air and squeeze your legs, butt, and core. Take a deep breath and make sure you give everything a good stretch. Hold for a 1-2 seconds and then lower yourself back down.\\n2-3. Do leg raises.\\nLie down on your side and rest your head on your bottom arm. Place your other arm palm down in front of you body. Keep both of your legs straight and lift your top leg about 1 foot off of your bottom leg. Lift your bottom leg to meet your top leg. Slowly lower both legs to the ground.\\nAnother variation is to lie flat on your back with your legs straight in front of you. Slowly lift your legs off the ground to a 90-degree angle. Hold for one second and then lower your legs taking care not to let them touch the ground.\\n2-4. Go for a run.\\nRunning is a great way to tone your legs and butt. Any kind of running is likely to improve your lower body, but sprinting might be the best way.\\nFor an added challenge, run up a hill. Hill sprints will improve your glutes by putting more stress on your hip flexors.\\nRunning is a high impact activity and may not be good for your joints. If you can't run, try using an elliptical machine or a stationary bike.\\n2-5. Experiment with other exercises.\\nThere are numerous exercises that workout your glutes and lower body. Do some research and find some new exercises to incorporate into your routine. Some people find that adding new exercises keeps them motivated to keep working out.\\nTry out a hip thrust exercise for something a little different.\\nYou could also try joining a yoga class. Yoga is an excellent way to strengthen your muscles, increase flexibility, and tone your body.\\nYou can even change up your glute workout with exercise bands.\\n3. Maintaining a Proper Diet\\n3-1. Watch what you eat.\\nA large part of getting a better butt, and a better body in general, is diet. If you don't combine exercise with healthy eating, you won't get good results.\\nTo get the best results, calculate your recommended caloric intake. You need energy to work out. If you want to lose weight, consume fewer calories. If you want to gain weight, consume more. Either way, make sure you are balancing your work out with the amount of calories you consume.\\n3-2. Eat well-balanced meals.\\nYou need protein to gain muscle, but you need carbohydrates for energy. Don't focus too heavily on one or the other. To get the most out of your diet, make sure you know how much of each you need.\\nAbout 15% of your daily caloric intake should come from protein, and about 55% should come from carbohydrates.\\nLean proteins, such as chicken and fish, are better for you than red meat. Incorporate a vegetarian meal two or three times a week to mix things up.\\nEat whole grains, sweet potatoes, and whole wheat breads for a good source of energy.\\n3-3. Eat the right kind of fat.\\nYou need a certain amount of healthy fats to maintain good health. Good fats are usually liquid at room temperature. Fats such as olive oil, flaxseed oil, and safflower oil are good. If a fat is solid at room temperature, such as butter, avoid it.\\n3-4. Drink plenty of water.\\nWater is necessary to keep the body hydrated. Aim for a glass of water for every 20 minutes of exercise.\\n4. Understanding the Butt Muscles\\n4-1. Develop the right muscles.\\nWhen searching for a way to build a better butt, keep in mind that there are three muscles that make up the butt. Consider each of these muscles when creating your workout plan.\\nThe gluteus maximus is the largest of the butt muscles, as well as the largest muscle in the body. When you rise from a squat position, or do any kind of thigh extension, this is the muscle you are using.\\nThe gluteus medius and the gluteus minimus have similar functions. When running, they stabilize your leg as it hits the ground. They also help with thigh rotations.\\n4-2. Discover your true shape.\\nDon't focus too much on achieving a certain type of butt. As with the rest of your body, it is largely genetic.\\nWhether you have a large set of glutes or a particularly small set is probably the result of heredity. You can still work your butt muscles and make them stronger, but you may not be able to change their shape.\\n4-3. Mix it up.\\nThe best way to build a better butt is to workout all three muscles with a variety of exercises. Don't rely on just squats to get your butt in shape.\\nThe glutes respond to both strength and endurance training. Some of the muscles are \\\"fast-twitch,\\\" meaning they respond to bursts of power. These muscles get worked out during exercises such as the squat.\\nThe glutes also contain \\\"slow-twitch\\\" muscles, which respond to aerobic exercises and running.\\nTips\\nBe sure to always stretch before doing these exercises, especially if you're using weights.\\nDo workouts with heavy weights only once or twice a week in order to allow your butt muscles time to recover.\\nSqueeze your butt muscles whenever pushing up from a squat, doing leg exercises or stretching with your body's weight.\\nWarnings\\nAlternate exercises to avoid overworking specific muscles.\\nBe careful when doing exercises that place stress on joints and your lower back. If you have a history of injury, check with a doctor before starting any exercise routine.\\nWhen lifting heavy weights on a barbell, use a power or squat rack with safety bars. This will allow you to lift more weight without worrying about hurting yourself if you're unable to finish the exercise.\\nWarm up with a few minutes of light cardio exercise, like walking or biking, before doing strength exercises. Dynamic stretching is good too. Save static stretching (holding a stretch for more than a few seconds) for after your strength workout.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A strong butt is not only attractive, but necessary for proper mobility. The glutes help keep the body stabilized and protect you from injury in daily activities. People who spend long periods sitting down often develop weak butt muscles. But, with the right exercises and a proper diet you can attain your dream butt.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Working Out with Weights\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Squat\", \"描述\": \"You can't build a better butt by only focusing on squats, but you should still do them. Squats may be the most effective total lower body exercise you can do.\\nStand with your feet under your shoulders and slightly pointed outward. Keep your back straight and your eyes forward. If it helps, find a spot on the wall in front of you to focus on. Look at this spot throughout the entire squat.\\nBreathe in and start bending at the hips while pushing your butt back. As your knees start to bend keep pushing your hips back.\\nA proper squat should feel somewhat like sitting on your heels. Focus on keeping your knees lined up with your toes.\\nTo execute a proper squat, make sure your hip joint is lower than your knees. Once you feel comfortable squatting, try to go deeper than this for a more intense workout.\\nBreathe out and drive your feet into the ground to bring yourself back up. Squeeze your glutes and push your hips forward until you're back to the starting position.\\nIf you're knew to lifting, try working with just the bar to get a feel for the form. You can even do squats with just your body weight. These are \\\"air squats,\\\" and are an excellent way to warm up.\\nOnce you start adding weight, aim for an amount you can lift for 5 full \\\"reps,\\\" or repetitions. Each time you squat and come back up is a full repetition.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Do lunges\", \"描述\": \"As with squats, keep your back straight and find a spot in front of you to focus on. Relax your shoulders. Your feet should be about shoulder width apart. Find a comfortable weight to hold in each hand.\\nTake a step forward with one leg until your knee is bent at a 90-degree angle. Keep this front knee in line with your ankle. The knee of your back leg should also be bent at a 90-degree angle. Do not let it touch the floor.\\nPushing off with the heel of your front leg, return to the starting position and repeat with the other leg.\\nTry reverse lunges. Set up the basic starting position for lunges. Instead of taking a step forward, step backward. Keep your back straight as you would in a forward lunge. This requires a little more balance than the forward lunge. Make sure you're comfortable with your form before attempting a reverse lunge.\\nLunges are a good lower body exercise, but they can put a lot of strain on your knees. Take smaller steps if you feel pain in your knees. You can always work to increase your range of motion.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do weighted step-ups.\", \"描述\": \"Find a small platform or step stool. Holding a dumbbell in each hand, and standing up straight, place one foot onto the platform. Pushing with your lead foot, lift the rest of your body onto the platform.\\nAs you lift the rest of your body onto the platform, breathe out.\\nPlace your lead leg back on the ground. Move your body off the platform until you are standing back in the starting position. As with lunges, you should alternate which leg you start each rep with.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Try deadlifts.\", \"描述\": \"Deadlifts are a compound exercise. They will work out your lower body, but they also help with core and back strength.\\nStand up straight in front of a barbell with weights. Your feet should be under your shoulders and the bar should be over the middle of your feet.\\nKeeping your back straight and your hips in place, lean down and grab the bar. Your hands should be a little further apart than your legs. Once you have a good grip on the bar, lower your hips and bend your knees slightly.\\nTo lift the weight off the ground, drive your feet down into the ground and pull up until you are standing upright. Inhale as you lift.\\nKeep everything tight as you lift the weight off the ground. Squeeze your butt, engage your core, and don't lean back.\\nOnce you've lifted the weight off the ground, do not just drop the bar. To set the weight back down, reverse the movement you used to lift it. Keeping everything tight, push the hips back and begin bending the knees. Focus on a spot in front of you and move your entire body down at the same time. Do not lean forward and do not round your back.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Working Out without Weights\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Add calisthenics to your routine.\", \"描述\": \"Some exercises that require weights can be done without weights. If you don't have time to hit the gym, you can do calisthenics almost anywhere.\\nTo do an air squat, set up as if you were in front of the squat rack at the gym. Put your feet a little more than shoulder width apart, with your toes facing outward. Using the same form you would in weighted squats, lower your hips and push your butt back. To help keep your balance, push your arms out in front of you as you lower down.\\nLunges can be performed without weights very easily. The form is exactly the same with or without weights.\\nTo do a glute kickback, set up as if you were going to do a push-up, but stay on your knees. Lift one leg off the ground until your thigh is parallel to the ground. Keep your shin perpendicular to the ground and push your leg up. Lower you leg slowly and repeat with the other leg.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Try doing bridges.\", \"描述\": \"To do a short bridge, lie flat on your back with the bottoms of your feet on the floor and your knees at about 45 degrees. Keep your shoulders and arms on the floor. Push up using your heels and raise your hips up as high as possible. Hold at the top for two seconds. Slowly lower your body back to the ground.\\nOnce you've mastered the short bridge, try doing a straight bridge. The straight bridge is a lot like a reverse push up. Sitting up with your legs straight in front of you, place your hands near your hips. Push your torso up and squeeze your butt. Hold for a few seconds before lowering back down.\\nTo do a full bridge, lie flat on your back. Bend your knees and place your hands by your head. Lift your entire body off the ground and arch your back. Push your hips into the air and squeeze your legs, butt, and core. Take a deep breath and make sure you give everything a good stretch. Hold for a 1-2 seconds and then lower yourself back down.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Do leg raises.\", \"描述\": \"Lie down on your side and rest your head on your bottom arm. Place your other arm palm down in front of you body. Keep both of your legs straight and lift your top leg about 1 foot off of your bottom leg. Lift your bottom leg to meet your top leg. Slowly lower both legs to the ground.\\nAnother variation is to lie flat on your back with your legs straight in front of you. Slowly lift your legs off the ground to a 90-degree angle. Hold for one second and then lower your legs taking care not to let them touch the ground.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Go for a run.\", \"描述\": \"Running is a great way to tone your legs and butt. Any kind of running is likely to improve your lower body, but sprinting might be the best way.\\nFor an added challenge, run up a hill. Hill sprints will improve your glutes by putting more stress on your hip flexors.\\nRunning is a high impact activity and may not be good for your joints. If you can't run, try using an elliptical machine or a stationary bike.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Experiment with other exercises.\", \"描述\": \"There are numerous exercises that workout your glutes and lower body. Do some research and find some new exercises to incorporate into your routine. Some people find that adding new exercises keeps them motivated to keep working out.\\nTry out a hip thrust exercise for something a little different.\\nYou could also try joining a yoga class. Yoga is an excellent way to strengthen your muscles, increase flexibility, and tone your body.\\nYou can even change up your glute workout with exercise bands.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Maintaining a Proper Diet\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Watch what you eat.\", \"描述\": \"A large part of getting a better butt, and a better body in general, is diet. If you don't combine exercise with healthy eating, you won't get good results.\\nTo get the best results, calculate your recommended caloric intake. You need energy to work out. If you want to lose weight, consume fewer calories. If you want to gain weight, consume more. Either way, make sure you are balancing your work out with the amount of calories you consume.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Eat well-balanced meals.\", \"描述\": \"You need protein to gain muscle, but you need carbohydrates for energy. Don't focus too heavily on one or the other. To get the most out of your diet, make sure you know how much of each you need.\\nAbout 15% of your daily caloric intake should come from protein, and about 55% should come from carbohydrates.\\nLean proteins, such as chicken and fish, are better for you than red meat. Incorporate a vegetarian meal two or three times a week to mix things up.\\nEat whole grains, sweet potatoes, and whole wheat breads for a good source of energy.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Eat the right kind of fat.\", \"描述\": \"You need a certain amount of healthy fats to maintain good health. Good fats are usually liquid at room temperature. Fats such as olive oil, flaxseed oil, and safflower oil are good. If a fat is solid at room temperature, such as butter, avoid it.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Drink plenty of water.\", \"描述\": \"Water is necessary to keep the body hydrated. Aim for a glass of water for every 20 minutes of exercise.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Understanding the Butt Muscles\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Develop the right muscles.\", \"描述\": \"When searching for a way to build a better butt, keep in mind that there are three muscles that make up the butt. Consider each of these muscles when creating your workout plan.\\nThe gluteus maximus is the largest of the butt muscles, as well as the largest muscle in the body. When you rise from a squat position, or do any kind of thigh extension, this is the muscle you are using.\\nThe gluteus medius and the gluteus minimus have similar functions. When running, they stabilize your leg as it hits the ground. They also help with thigh rotations.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Discover your true shape.\", \"描述\": \"Don't focus too much on achieving a certain type of butt. As with the rest of your body, it is largely genetic.\\nWhether you have a large set of glutes or a particularly small set is probably the result of heredity. You can still work your butt muscles and make them stronger, but you may not be able to change their shape.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Mix it up.\", \"描述\": \"The best way to build a better butt is to workout all three muscles with a variety of exercises. Don't rely on just squats to get your butt in shape.\\nThe glutes respond to both strength and endurance training. Some of the muscles are \\\"fast-twitch,\\\" meaning they respond to bursts of power. These muscles get worked out during exercises such as the squat.\\nThe glutes also contain \\\"slow-twitch\\\" muscles, which respond to aerobic exercises and running.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Be sure to always stretch before doing these exercises, especially if you're using weights.\\n\", \"Do workouts with heavy weights only once or twice a week in order to allow your butt muscles time to recover.\\n\", \"Squeeze your butt muscles whenever pushing up from a squat, doing leg exercises or stretching with your body's weight.\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Alternate exercises to avoid overworking specific muscles.\\n\", \"Be careful when doing exercises that place stress on joints and your lower back. If you have a history of injury, check with a doctor before starting any exercise routine.\\n\", \"When lifting heavy weights on a barbell, use a power or squat rack with safety bars. This will allow you to lift more weight without worrying about hurting yourself if you're unable to finish the exercise.\\n\", \"Warm up with a few minutes of light cardio exercise, like walking or biking, before doing strength exercises. Dynamic stretching is good too. Save static stretching (holding a stretch for more than a few seconds) for after your strength workout.\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,117 |
How to Build Good Credit
|
1. Managing Payments and Purchases
1-1. Pay your credit card bills on time.
Always pay household or credit card bills in full as soon as you receive them, which makes you look responsible and financially stable. Try to get caught up on any late payments as soon as you can.
See if you can set up automatic payments with your credit card company and/or bank. This way, you won't risk forgetting about your payments, which drops your credit score.
Even 1 late payment can lower your credit score by 50-100 points.
1-2. Pay more than the minimum amount due on credit card bills.
Stay on top of your credit card bills, and try to pay them off in full whenever you can. Don’t rely on “minimums,” or the smallest possible payment, to pay back your debt. If you only pay minimums, you’ll build up a lot of interest, which will make your debt even harder to pay off in the long run.
It’s okay if you pay with minimums once in a while—just don’t get in the habit of paying minimums every month!
1-3. Make purchases within your budget so you don’t overuse your credit.
Don’t spend money on ridiculously large purchases, like a tropical vacation. Instead, make small, easy purchases that you can pay back in a short amount of time. Once you have good credit, you can start making bigger purchases, like a car or home.
If you live beyond your means, your credit score will reflect that.
1-4. Spend less than 10% of your total credit limit.
It may be tempting to splurge on a big purchase, but it won’t be as fun to pay back the enormous cost to your credit card company. You’ll look a lot more reliable and have a much better credit score if you limit yourself to using no more than 10% of your total credit limit at once.
Some people recommend spending less than 30% of your credit limit, but studies have shown that people with higher credit scores use on average about 7% of their total credit limit.
1-5. Check your annual credit report for any changes or errors.
Look over your credit report to see if your accounts, balances, and other financial information are accurate. If you find any inaccuracies, send a letter to your credit reporting company to open an official dispute.
A credit report discusses your credit information, but not your credit score. You can check your credit score with a credit bureau, a non-profit counselor, or a third-party service.
2. Boosting Credibility
2-1. Open checking and savings accounts with your bank.
The key to building good credit is looking reliable to your lenders. These accounts won’t show up directly in your FICO score or official credit reports, but some lenders like to check people’s bank information. With checking and saving accounts, you can prove that you’re financially stable and know how to manage your money.
2-2. Get a loan and pay it back within 1-2 years.
Believe it or not, loans are a great way to prove that you’re financially responsible. Take out a small loan and work to pay it back quickly, which makes you look reliable. Double-check with your bank to make sure the loan will show up on your credit score—some loans aren’t factored into your credit report, which won’t help you build good credit.
2-3. Hold onto a job for a long period of time so you look financially stable.
Stick with your job for several years, even if you aren’t thrilled with it. If you switch jobs too often, you won’t look too financially stable. Lenders want to know that you’ll be able to make your payments on time, and that you’ll pay back your loans reliably.
If you appear reliable, they may be willing to forgive a slightly less than ideal credit score.
2-4. Maintain a consistent home address instead of moving around a lot.
Credit agencies use your address to help keep tabs on you. If you change addresses constantly, lenders will have trouble verifying your identity and connecting your credit information to you. This can lead to discrepancies in your credit report, which is a big pain to sort out.
If you change your address, call up your bank or lending agency to let them know about the change.
2-5. Use a rent-reporting service to help boost your credit score.
Contact a group like RentTrack or Rental Kharma, who will transfer your bill payment history to your credit report. This may help boost your credit score, and make you look reliable to future lenders.
Not all credit scores will factor in these extra payments, but some might.
Programs like Experian Boost make it easy to connect your monthly bills to your credit score. You can even boost your credit by paying for your Netflix account on time!
3. Using Credit Cards
3-1. Ask to be an authorized user on someone else’s credit card.
An authorized user is a fancy term for being a cardholder on someone’s account. Ask a partner, relative, or close friend with good credit if you can become an authorized user on their account. This way, lenders will associate you with the good credit on the account.
It’s best to become an authorized user on an account with good or excellent credit (somewhere between 670 and 850).
You can also sign up for a joint account with someone who has more established credit.
3-2. Apply for a secured credit card if you’ve never used a credit card before.
Give your credit company a certain amount of cash—this will act as your credit limit for your secured card. Practice responsible spending habits with your secured card, and pay back all of your loans on time. This helps you build your credit, and is a great stepping stone for getting an unsecured card, which typically comes with better perks.
Once you close your secured credit card account and upgrade to an unsecured card, you’ll get your original cash deposit back.
It can be tough to get your foot in the door with big credit companies, like MasterCard or Visa. Instead, stop by your local department store or gas station and see if they have a credit card program.
Secured credit cards are also a good option if you have bad credit but need a new credit card to start rebuilding it.
3-3. Choose credit cards that report to major credit bureaus.
You want your information reported to the major credit reporting companies, like TransUnion, Experian, and Equifax. These are the ones lenders are most likely to check, so it’s not great if your card only reports only to a small company.
3-4. Avoid applying for multiple credit cards at once.
This can look risky to possible lenders, and may bring your credit score down. Instead, apply for credit cards one at a time, so you aren’t putting your score at risk.
Credit card applications tend to stack up on your credit report, even if your applications get approved.
For instance, it’s safe to open 10 new credit cards over 5 years, as long as you aren’t applying for them all at once.
Tips
Keep track of when all of your bills come in. If they end up going to a collection agency, your credit will take a big hit.[23]
X
Research source
Any credit score over 670 is considered good.[24]
X
Research source
Warnings
Don’t close your credit cards unless you absolutely have to. Closing an account lowers the amount of credit you use, which will, in turn, lower your credit score.[25]
X
Research source
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:03",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Managing Payments and Purchases\\n1-1. Pay your credit card bills on time.\\nAlways pay household or credit card bills in full as soon as you receive them, which makes you look responsible and financially stable. Try to get caught up on any late payments as soon as you can.\\nSee if you can set up automatic payments with your credit card company and/or bank. This way, you won't risk forgetting about your payments, which drops your credit score.\\nEven 1 late payment can lower your credit score by 50-100 points.\\n1-2. Pay more than the minimum amount due on credit card bills.\\nStay on top of your credit card bills, and try to pay them off in full whenever you can. Don’t rely on “minimums,” or the smallest possible payment, to pay back your debt. If you only pay minimums, you’ll build up a lot of interest, which will make your debt even harder to pay off in the long run.\\nIt’s okay if you pay with minimums once in a while—just don’t get in the habit of paying minimums every month!\\n1-3. Make purchases within your budget so you don’t overuse your credit.\\nDon’t spend money on ridiculously large purchases, like a tropical vacation. Instead, make small, easy purchases that you can pay back in a short amount of time. Once you have good credit, you can start making bigger purchases, like a car or home.\\nIf you live beyond your means, your credit score will reflect that.\\n1-4. Spend less than 10% of your total credit limit.\\nIt may be tempting to splurge on a big purchase, but it won’t be as fun to pay back the enormous cost to your credit card company. You’ll look a lot more reliable and have a much better credit score if you limit yourself to using no more than 10% of your total credit limit at once.\\nSome people recommend spending less than 30% of your credit limit, but studies have shown that people with higher credit scores use on average about 7% of their total credit limit.\\n1-5. Check your annual credit report for any changes or errors.\\nLook over your credit report to see if your accounts, balances, and other financial information are accurate. If you find any inaccuracies, send a letter to your credit reporting company to open an official dispute.\\nA credit report discusses your credit information, but not your credit score. You can check your credit score with a credit bureau, a non-profit counselor, or a third-party service.\\n2. Boosting Credibility\\n2-1. Open checking and savings accounts with your bank.\\nThe key to building good credit is looking reliable to your lenders. These accounts won’t show up directly in your FICO score or official credit reports, but some lenders like to check people’s bank information. With checking and saving accounts, you can prove that you’re financially stable and know how to manage your money.\\n2-2. Get a loan and pay it back within 1-2 years.\\nBelieve it or not, loans are a great way to prove that you’re financially responsible. Take out a small loan and work to pay it back quickly, which makes you look reliable. Double-check with your bank to make sure the loan will show up on your credit score—some loans aren’t factored into your credit report, which won’t help you build good credit.\\n2-3. Hold onto a job for a long period of time so you look financially stable.\\nStick with your job for several years, even if you aren’t thrilled with it. If you switch jobs too often, you won’t look too financially stable. Lenders want to know that you’ll be able to make your payments on time, and that you’ll pay back your loans reliably.\\nIf you appear reliable, they may be willing to forgive a slightly less than ideal credit score.\\n2-4. Maintain a consistent home address instead of moving around a lot.\\nCredit agencies use your address to help keep tabs on you. If you change addresses constantly, lenders will have trouble verifying your identity and connecting your credit information to you. This can lead to discrepancies in your credit report, which is a big pain to sort out.\\nIf you change your address, call up your bank or lending agency to let them know about the change.\\n2-5. Use a rent-reporting service to help boost your credit score.\\nContact a group like RentTrack or Rental Kharma, who will transfer your bill payment history to your credit report. This may help boost your credit score, and make you look reliable to future lenders.\\nNot all credit scores will factor in these extra payments, but some might.\\nPrograms like Experian Boost make it easy to connect your monthly bills to your credit score. You can even boost your credit by paying for your Netflix account on time!\\n3. Using Credit Cards\\n3-1. Ask to be an authorized user on someone else’s credit card.\\nAn authorized user is a fancy term for being a cardholder on someone’s account. Ask a partner, relative, or close friend with good credit if you can become an authorized user on their account. This way, lenders will associate you with the good credit on the account.\\nIt’s best to become an authorized user on an account with good or excellent credit (somewhere between 670 and 850).\\nYou can also sign up for a joint account with someone who has more established credit.\\n3-2. Apply for a secured credit card if you’ve never used a credit card before.\\nGive your credit company a certain amount of cash—this will act as your credit limit for your secured card. Practice responsible spending habits with your secured card, and pay back all of your loans on time. This helps you build your credit, and is a great stepping stone for getting an unsecured card, which typically comes with better perks.\\nOnce you close your secured credit card account and upgrade to an unsecured card, you’ll get your original cash deposit back.\\nIt can be tough to get your foot in the door with big credit companies, like MasterCard or Visa. Instead, stop by your local department store or gas station and see if they have a credit card program.\\nSecured credit cards are also a good option if you have bad credit but need a new credit card to start rebuilding it.\\n3-3. Choose credit cards that report to major credit bureaus.\\nYou want your information reported to the major credit reporting companies, like TransUnion, Experian, and Equifax. These are the ones lenders are most likely to check, so it’s not great if your card only reports only to a small company.\\n3-4. Avoid applying for multiple credit cards at once.\\nThis can look risky to possible lenders, and may bring your credit score down. Instead, apply for credit cards one at a time, so you aren’t putting your score at risk.\\nCredit card applications tend to stack up on your credit report, even if your applications get approved.\\nFor instance, it’s safe to open 10 new credit cards over 5 years, as long as you aren’t applying for them all at once.\\nTips\\nKeep track of when all of your bills come in. If they end up going to a collection agency, your credit will take a big hit.[23]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nAny credit score over 670 is considered good.[24]\\nX\\nResearch source\\nWarnings\\nDon’t close your credit cards unless you absolutely have to. Closing an account lowers the amount of credit you use, which will, in turn, lower your credit score.[25]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"A good credit score isn’t just a number on a piece of a paper—it’s your key to new opportunities in the future, like new housing, good insurance rates, and more. You can’t boost your credit score overnight, but there are plenty of easy ways you can build good credit over time.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Managing Payments and Purchases\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Pay your credit card bills on time.\", \"描述\": \"Always pay household or credit card bills in full as soon as you receive them, which makes you look responsible and financially stable. Try to get caught up on any late payments as soon as you can.\\nSee if you can set up automatic payments with your credit card company and/or bank. This way, you won't risk forgetting about your payments, which drops your credit score.\\nEven 1 late payment can lower your credit score by 50-100 points.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Pay more than the minimum amount due on credit card bills.\", \"描述\": \"Stay on top of your credit card bills, and try to pay them off in full whenever you can. Don’t rely on “minimums,” or the smallest possible payment, to pay back your debt. If you only pay minimums, you’ll build up a lot of interest, which will make your debt even harder to pay off in the long run.\\nIt’s okay if you pay with minimums once in a while—just don’t get in the habit of paying minimums every month!\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Make purchases within your budget so you don’t overuse your credit.\", \"描述\": \"Don’t spend money on ridiculously large purchases, like a tropical vacation. Instead, make small, easy purchases that you can pay back in a short amount of time. Once you have good credit, you can start making bigger purchases, like a car or home.\\nIf you live beyond your means, your credit score will reflect that.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Spend less than 10% of your total credit limit.\", \"描述\": \"It may be tempting to splurge on a big purchase, but it won’t be as fun to pay back the enormous cost to your credit card company. You’ll look a lot more reliable and have a much better credit score if you limit yourself to using no more than 10% of your total credit limit at once.\\nSome people recommend spending less than 30% of your credit limit, but studies have shown that people with higher credit scores use on average about 7% of their total credit limit.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Check your annual credit report for any changes or errors.\", \"描述\": \"Look over your credit report to see if your accounts, balances, and other financial information are accurate. If you find any inaccuracies, send a letter to your credit reporting company to open an official dispute.\\nA credit report discusses your credit information, but not your credit score. You can check your credit score with a credit bureau, a non-profit counselor, or a third-party service.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Boosting Credibility\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Open checking and savings accounts with your bank.\", \"描述\": \"The key to building good credit is looking reliable to your lenders. These accounts won’t show up directly in your FICO score or official credit reports, but some lenders like to check people’s bank information. With checking and saving accounts, you can prove that you’re financially stable and know how to manage your money.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Get a loan and pay it back within 1-2 years.\", \"描述\": \"Believe it or not, loans are a great way to prove that you’re financially responsible. Take out a small loan and work to pay it back quickly, which makes you look reliable. Double-check with your bank to make sure the loan will show up on your credit score—some loans aren’t factored into your credit report, which won’t help you build good credit.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Hold onto a job for a long period of time so you look financially stable.\", \"描述\": \"Stick with your job for several years, even if you aren’t thrilled with it. If you switch jobs too often, you won’t look too financially stable. Lenders want to know that you’ll be able to make your payments on time, and that you’ll pay back your loans reliably.\\nIf you appear reliable, they may be willing to forgive a slightly less than ideal credit score.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Maintain a consistent home address instead of moving around a lot.\", \"描述\": \"Credit agencies use your address to help keep tabs on you. If you change addresses constantly, lenders will have trouble verifying your identity and connecting your credit information to you. This can lead to discrepancies in your credit report, which is a big pain to sort out.\\nIf you change your address, call up your bank or lending agency to let them know about the change.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Use a rent-reporting service to help boost your credit score.\", \"描述\": \"Contact a group like RentTrack or Rental Kharma, who will transfer your bill payment history to your credit report. This may help boost your credit score, and make you look reliable to future lenders.\\nNot all credit scores will factor in these extra payments, but some might.\\nPrograms like Experian Boost make it easy to connect your monthly bills to your credit score. You can even boost your credit by paying for your Netflix account on time!\"}]}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Using Credit Cards\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Ask to be an authorized user on someone else’s credit card.\", \"描述\": \"An authorized user is a fancy term for being a cardholder on someone’s account. Ask a partner, relative, or close friend with good credit if you can become an authorized user on their account. This way, lenders will associate you with the good credit on the account.\\nIt’s best to become an authorized user on an account with good or excellent credit (somewhere between 670 and 850).\\nYou can also sign up for a joint account with someone who has more established credit.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Apply for a secured credit card if you’ve never used a credit card before.\", \"描述\": \"Give your credit company a certain amount of cash—this will act as your credit limit for your secured card. Practice responsible spending habits with your secured card, and pay back all of your loans on time. This helps you build your credit, and is a great stepping stone for getting an unsecured card, which typically comes with better perks.\\nOnce you close your secured credit card account and upgrade to an unsecured card, you’ll get your original cash deposit back.\\nIt can be tough to get your foot in the door with big credit companies, like MasterCard or Visa. Instead, stop by your local department store or gas station and see if they have a credit card program.\\nSecured credit cards are also a good option if you have bad credit but need a new credit card to start rebuilding it.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Choose credit cards that report to major credit bureaus.\", \"描述\": \"You want your information reported to the major credit reporting companies, like TransUnion, Experian, and Equifax. These are the ones lenders are most likely to check, so it’s not great if your card only reports only to a small company.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Avoid applying for multiple credit cards at once.\", \"描述\": \"This can look risky to possible lenders, and may bring your credit score down. Instead, apply for credit cards one at a time, so you aren’t putting your score at risk.\\nCredit card applications tend to stack up on your credit report, even if your applications get approved.\\nFor instance, it’s safe to open 10 new credit cards over 5 years, as long as you aren’t applying for them all at once.\"}], \"小提示\": [\"Keep track of when all of your bills come in. If they end up going to a collection agency, your credit will take a big hit.[23]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\", \"Any credit score over 670 is considered good.[24]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"], \"注意事项\": [\"Don’t close your credit cards unless you absolutely have to. Closing an account lowers the amount of credit you use, which will, in turn, lower your credit score.[25]\\nX\\nResearch source\\n\"]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
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wikihow
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7,118 |
How to Build Gunpla
|
1. Acquiring Gunpla Kit and Tools
1-1. Look at your stores online or locally.
Depending on your personal location, it would most likely be difficult as purchasing Gunpla Kits could be harder.
Ordering online may be a good option; however, it can be pricier due to online shipping costs.
General retailers such as Barnes & Nobles, Target, and Hobby Lobby have begun selling these kits.
Local hobby shops may not have these kits since they are a niche.
1-2. Choose what Grade kit you want.
When you’ve found a store or place to purchase a gunpla model kit, you’re given six options of what to assemble. Depending on what grade, they will be more of a process to build. The size ratio of the model to real-life is in parentheses.
High Grade (1/144) are more available to purchase as they’re more plentiful. Recommended for beginners due to their simplicity
Real Grade (1/144) are designed around an inner frame and to look more realistic and functional compared to their high grade counterpart.
Master Grade (1/100) are larger than their high grade counterparts. They have more detail as well as an inner-frame that’s designed for it.
Perfect Grade (1/60) are considerably larger and more time-consuming, so therefore more to assemble due to a higher part count.
Mega Size (1/48) are the largest models offered; yet, they are cheaper compared to Perfect Grades.
You should choose what looks the best to you as well as what gimmicks that specific model offers. It’s ultimately your choice in what you want to build and what you like the most.
1-3. Purchase some tools necessary such as a plastic nipper, filer, panel liner, and a cutting mat.
When you've decided on what you want to build, you will need some sort of workshop to assemble your Gunpla.
Most tools can be obtained through a local hobby store around you
A cutting mat isn’t necessarily an essential item to have, but if you are thinking about doing this hobby in the long-run, it is becomes essential.
2. Assembling Gunpla Kit
2-1. Prepare your workstation.
Once you’ve obtained all the items necessary for assembly, including your choice Gunpla model, have a selected area for each tool so they don’t get mixed up.
A light source, such as a lamp, will help a lot for getting some focus on a specific part.
Gunpla assembly is very messy with excess plastic. It’s best to have a plastic bag for the leftover plastic.
A comfortable environment is important! Make sure you have everything necessary. Music or a show to listen/watch in the background enhances the overall experience.
2-2. Separate Gunpla contents.
The box usually is wrapped in a thin plastic wrap as well as a semi-thick strip that can be removed easily. Everything besides the instruction manual is wrapped in plastic and should be removed.
The box is also something you should not cut as it’s designed for the bottom to slide out when shaken.
The box is also a great place to store your frames and Gunpla, so don’t throw it away!
The sprues (or plastic frames) & decal sheets when unwrapped should be placed in the box so they’re not easily lost & forgotten.
2-3. Read the provided instructions manual.
The instructions manual is a great guide into how to assemble the figure. The Japanese text may be intimidating, but the pictures will guide you through!
The instruction manual holds key information for the decals, or stickers, to place on key parts of the figure.
Each part of the Gunpla is numbered and labeled. With some kits, they even label what sprue (or plastic frame) is necessary for building that part or what decal must be placed. (e.g. head, arms, torso, legs, accessories)
Be extremely careful, and make sure to re-read the instruction manual throughout assembly! There are small indicators throughout the manual on what to cut and what not to cut! Making a big mistake could potentially turn things upside down.
2-4. Cut your sprue frames carefully.
Making a mistake is entirely possible during this step, so you must pay attention to the area that you cut in! You could possibly damage the plastic itself or make a certain part unusable.
For certain builds, having damaged plastic can enhance a model. These models are known as “battle-damaged Gunpla” and are great for dioramas or for a more gritty and realistic look to it.
Some plastic connectors are incredibly important to the build itself, and you can find out on the instruction manual since it’s always labeled.
2-5. Detail and refine your parts.
To make your model pop out in the final assembly, there will always be small nubs on your model kit or thin empty spaces that can be filled in that makes a detailed kit into an amazing kit. With some kits, they also come with an extra decal sheet to make it pop out even more.
Panel lining your model isn’t necessary, but it overall adds a “Wow!” factor into the finished build. It’s recommended to panel line when all the
Be careful in filing your model kit because it can ruin the opportunity for panel lining in general. Nubs should always be filed down, but anything can go as Gunpla is freedom.
Decaling is always optional and doesn’t need to be applied. It is, however, recommended as it adds a whole level to your model.
2-6. Assemble the complete mobile suit.
One of the best parts of Gunpla is witnessing the assembly of your complete model. As each limb is assembled, make sure you can hear a distinct and even snap. That snap is the sound of the model being locked in place and is good to go.
Make sure not to apply too much pressure; otherwise, the plastic will break! The plastic that’s used to manufacture these models are strong, but they are not strong enough to withstand a the pressure of a human-being.
If a part is loose, there are various methods on how to tighten a part, but it usually depends on the severity of the looseness. Superglue and Tamiya Cement are the most used products and preferred methods of re-tightening a part.
2-7. Pose your finished model.
This is where the fun begins. You can pose your model kit however you want, and that’s the beauty of it.
For more dynamic poses, it’s best to purchase a Hobby Action Kit which allows your model kit to stay airborne! Make sure the Hobby Action Kit is the correct size as well as if the adapter will connect with your model kit
Don’t try to make your Gunpla do anything crazy with the poses otherwise it can fall. Depending on what model kit you have purchased, that model may be fragile and can fall apart.
|
{
"create_time": "20230517 10:59:03",
"回答明细": "{\"回答\": \"1. Acquiring Gunpla Kit and Tools\\n1-1. Look at your stores online or locally.\\nDepending on your personal location, it would most likely be difficult as purchasing Gunpla Kits could be harder.\\nOrdering online may be a good option; however, it can be pricier due to online shipping costs.\\nGeneral retailers such as Barnes & Nobles, Target, and Hobby Lobby have begun selling these kits.\\nLocal hobby shops may not have these kits since they are a niche.\\n1-2. Choose what Grade kit you want.\\nWhen you’ve found a store or place to purchase a gunpla model kit, you’re given six options of what to assemble. Depending on what grade, they will be more of a process to build. The size ratio of the model to real-life is in parentheses.\\nHigh Grade (1/144) are more available to purchase as they’re more plentiful. Recommended for beginners due to their simplicity\\nReal Grade (1/144) are designed around an inner frame and to look more realistic and functional compared to their high grade counterpart.\\nMaster Grade (1/100) are larger than their high grade counterparts. They have more detail as well as an inner-frame that’s designed for it.\\nPerfect Grade (1/60) are considerably larger and more time-consuming, so therefore more to assemble due to a higher part count.\\nMega Size (1/48) are the largest models offered; yet, they are cheaper compared to Perfect Grades.\\nYou should choose what looks the best to you as well as what gimmicks that specific model offers. It’s ultimately your choice in what you want to build and what you like the most.\\n1-3. Purchase some tools necessary such as a plastic nipper, filer, panel liner, and a cutting mat.\\nWhen you've decided on what you want to build, you will need some sort of workshop to assemble your Gunpla.\\nMost tools can be obtained through a local hobby store around you\\nA cutting mat isn’t necessarily an essential item to have, but if you are thinking about doing this hobby in the long-run, it is becomes essential.\\n2. Assembling Gunpla Kit\\n2-1. Prepare your workstation.\\nOnce you’ve obtained all the items necessary for assembly, including your choice Gunpla model, have a selected area for each tool so they don’t get mixed up.\\nA light source, such as a lamp, will help a lot for getting some focus on a specific part.\\nGunpla assembly is very messy with excess plastic. It’s best to have a plastic bag for the leftover plastic.\\nA comfortable environment is important! Make sure you have everything necessary. Music or a show to listen/watch in the background enhances the overall experience.\\n2-2. Separate Gunpla contents.\\nThe box usually is wrapped in a thin plastic wrap as well as a semi-thick strip that can be removed easily. Everything besides the instruction manual is wrapped in plastic and should be removed.\\nThe box is also something you should not cut as it’s designed for the bottom to slide out when shaken.\\nThe box is also a great place to store your frames and Gunpla, so don’t throw it away!\\nThe sprues (or plastic frames) & decal sheets when unwrapped should be placed in the box so they’re not easily lost & forgotten.\\n2-3. Read the provided instructions manual.\\nThe instructions manual is a great guide into how to assemble the figure. The Japanese text may be intimidating, but the pictures will guide you through!\\nThe instruction manual holds key information for the decals, or stickers, to place on key parts of the figure.\\nEach part of the Gunpla is numbered and labeled. With some kits, they even label what sprue (or plastic frame) is necessary for building that part or what decal must be placed. (e.g. head, arms, torso, legs, accessories)\\nBe extremely careful, and make sure to re-read the instruction manual throughout assembly! There are small indicators throughout the manual on what to cut and what not to cut! Making a big mistake could potentially turn things upside down.\\n2-4. Cut your sprue frames carefully.\\nMaking a mistake is entirely possible during this step, so you must pay attention to the area that you cut in! You could possibly damage the plastic itself or make a certain part unusable.\\nFor certain builds, having damaged plastic can enhance a model. These models are known as “battle-damaged Gunpla” and are great for dioramas or for a more gritty and realistic look to it.\\nSome plastic connectors are incredibly important to the build itself, and you can find out on the instruction manual since it’s always labeled.\\n2-5. Detail and refine your parts.\\nTo make your model pop out in the final assembly, there will always be small nubs on your model kit or thin empty spaces that can be filled in that makes a detailed kit into an amazing kit. With some kits, they also come with an extra decal sheet to make it pop out even more.\\nPanel lining your model isn’t necessary, but it overall adds a “Wow!” factor into the finished build. It’s recommended to panel line when all the\\nBe careful in filing your model kit because it can ruin the opportunity for panel lining in general. Nubs should always be filed down, but anything can go as Gunpla is freedom.\\nDecaling is always optional and doesn’t need to be applied. It is, however, recommended as it adds a whole level to your model.\\n2-6. Assemble the complete mobile suit.\\nOne of the best parts of Gunpla is witnessing the assembly of your complete model. As each limb is assembled, make sure you can hear a distinct and even snap. That snap is the sound of the model being locked in place and is good to go.\\nMake sure not to apply too much pressure; otherwise, the plastic will break! The plastic that’s used to manufacture these models are strong, but they are not strong enough to withstand a the pressure of a human-being.\\nIf a part is loose, there are various methods on how to tighten a part, but it usually depends on the severity of the looseness. Superglue and Tamiya Cement are the most used products and preferred methods of re-tightening a part.\\n2-7. Pose your finished model.\\nThis is where the fun begins. You can pose your model kit however you want, and that’s the beauty of it.\\nFor more dynamic poses, it’s best to purchase a Hobby Action Kit which allows your model kit to stay airborne! Make sure the Hobby Action Kit is the correct size as well as if the adapter will connect with your model kit\\nDon’t try to make your Gunpla do anything crazy with the poses otherwise it can fall. Depending on what model kit you have purchased, that model may be fragile and can fall apart.\\n\", \"简要回答\": \"This is for beginners getting into the hobby of GUNPLA! GUNPLA, or “Gundam Plastic Models\\\" derive from a very popular franchise known as “Mobile Suit Gundam,” or \\\"機動戦士ガンダム\\\" (Kidō Senshi Gandamu) that began in 1979. This plastic model hobby provides model kits from each show and movie they come from and due to its hobby nature, allows the hobbyist assembler to have complete freedom in what they wish to assemble and customize. This wikiHow will show you how to build and assemble one.\", \"结构\": {\"方法\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Acquiring Gunpla Kit and Tools\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Look at your stores online or locally.\", \"描述\": \"Depending on your personal location, it would most likely be difficult as purchasing Gunpla Kits could be harder.\\nOrdering online may be a good option; however, it can be pricier due to online shipping costs.\\nGeneral retailers such as Barnes & Nobles, Target, and Hobby Lobby have begun selling these kits.\\nLocal hobby shops may not have these kits since they are a niche.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Choose what Grade kit you want.\", \"描述\": \"When you’ve found a store or place to purchase a gunpla model kit, you’re given six options of what to assemble. Depending on what grade, they will be more of a process to build. The size ratio of the model to real-life is in parentheses.\\nHigh Grade (1/144) are more available to purchase as they’re more plentiful. Recommended for beginners due to their simplicity\\nReal Grade (1/144) are designed around an inner frame and to look more realistic and functional compared to their high grade counterpart.\\nMaster Grade (1/100) are larger than their high grade counterparts. They have more detail as well as an inner-frame that’s designed for it.\\nPerfect Grade (1/60) are considerably larger and more time-consuming, so therefore more to assemble due to a higher part count.\\nMega Size (1/48) are the largest models offered; yet, they are cheaper compared to Perfect Grades.\\nYou should choose what looks the best to you as well as what gimmicks that specific model offers. It’s ultimately your choice in what you want to build and what you like the most.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Purchase some tools necessary such as a plastic nipper, filer, panel liner, and a cutting mat.\", \"描述\": \"When you've decided on what you want to build, you will need some sort of workshop to assemble your Gunpla.\\nMost tools can be obtained through a local hobby store around you\\nA cutting mat isn’t necessarily an essential item to have, but if you are thinking about doing this hobby in the long-run, it is becomes essential.\"}]}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Assembling Gunpla Kit\", \"步骤\": [{\"编号\": 1, \"标题\": \"Prepare your workstation.\", \"描述\": \"Once you’ve obtained all the items necessary for assembly, including your choice Gunpla model, have a selected area for each tool so they don’t get mixed up.\\nA light source, such as a lamp, will help a lot for getting some focus on a specific part.\\nGunpla assembly is very messy with excess plastic. It’s best to have a plastic bag for the leftover plastic.\\nA comfortable environment is important! Make sure you have everything necessary. Music or a show to listen/watch in the background enhances the overall experience.\"}, {\"编号\": 2, \"标题\": \"Separate Gunpla contents.\", \"描述\": \"The box usually is wrapped in a thin plastic wrap as well as a semi-thick strip that can be removed easily. Everything besides the instruction manual is wrapped in plastic and should be removed.\\nThe box is also something you should not cut as it’s designed for the bottom to slide out when shaken.\\nThe box is also a great place to store your frames and Gunpla, so don’t throw it away!\\nThe sprues (or plastic frames) & decal sheets when unwrapped should be placed in the box so they’re not easily lost & forgotten.\"}, {\"编号\": 3, \"标题\": \"Read the provided instructions manual.\", \"描述\": \"The instructions manual is a great guide into how to assemble the figure. The Japanese text may be intimidating, but the pictures will guide you through!\\nThe instruction manual holds key information for the decals, or stickers, to place on key parts of the figure.\\nEach part of the Gunpla is numbered and labeled. With some kits, they even label what sprue (or plastic frame) is necessary for building that part or what decal must be placed. (e.g. head, arms, torso, legs, accessories)\\nBe extremely careful, and make sure to re-read the instruction manual throughout assembly! There are small indicators throughout the manual on what to cut and what not to cut! Making a big mistake could potentially turn things upside down.\"}, {\"编号\": 4, \"标题\": \"Cut your sprue frames carefully.\", \"描述\": \"Making a mistake is entirely possible during this step, so you must pay attention to the area that you cut in! You could possibly damage the plastic itself or make a certain part unusable.\\nFor certain builds, having damaged plastic can enhance a model. These models are known as “battle-damaged Gunpla” and are great for dioramas or for a more gritty and realistic look to it.\\nSome plastic connectors are incredibly important to the build itself, and you can find out on the instruction manual since it’s always labeled.\"}, {\"编号\": 5, \"标题\": \"Detail and refine your parts.\", \"描述\": \"To make your model pop out in the final assembly, there will always be small nubs on your model kit or thin empty spaces that can be filled in that makes a detailed kit into an amazing kit. With some kits, they also come with an extra decal sheet to make it pop out even more.\\nPanel lining your model isn’t necessary, but it overall adds a “Wow!” factor into the finished build. It’s recommended to panel line when all the\\nBe careful in filing your model kit because it can ruin the opportunity for panel lining in general. Nubs should always be filed down, but anything can go as Gunpla is freedom.\\nDecaling is always optional and doesn’t need to be applied. It is, however, recommended as it adds a whole level to your model.\"}, {\"编号\": 6, \"标题\": \"Assemble the complete mobile suit.\", \"描述\": \"One of the best parts of Gunpla is witnessing the assembly of your complete model. As each limb is assembled, make sure you can hear a distinct and even snap. That snap is the sound of the model being locked in place and is good to go.\\nMake sure not to apply too much pressure; otherwise, the plastic will break! The plastic that’s used to manufacture these models are strong, but they are not strong enough to withstand a the pressure of a human-being.\\nIf a part is loose, there are various methods on how to tighten a part, but it usually depends on the severity of the looseness. Superglue and Tamiya Cement are the most used products and preferred methods of re-tightening a part.\"}, {\"编号\": 7, \"标题\": \"Pose your finished model.\", \"描述\": \"This is where the fun begins. You can pose your model kit however you want, and that’s the beauty of it.\\nFor more dynamic poses, it’s best to purchase a Hobby Action Kit which allows your model kit to stay airborne! Make sure the Hobby Action Kit is the correct size as well as if the adapter will connect with your model kit\\nDon’t try to make your Gunpla do anything crazy with the poses otherwise it can fall. Depending on what model kit you have purchased, that model may be fragile and can fall apart.\"}]}]}}",
"问题明细": "",
"扩展字段": ""
}
|
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