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Examine the premise: <BOP> 'Also ruled out, for the moment, is any tie-up with a new alliance of Social Democrat dissidents and former communists known as the Left Party, which garnered 8.7%.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'The Left Party was formed 35.57 years prior to this article.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | The Left Party was formed 35.57 years prior to this article. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} There is nothing in the text that proves or disproves this statement at all, so we don't know for sure. I guess it's difficult because I used a precise number of years which confused the system? |
<BOP> Emperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute commoners who paid them disrespect. The samurai finally came to an end after hundreds of years of enjoyment of their status, their powers, and their ability to shape the government of Japan. However, the rule of the state by the military class was not yet over. In defining how a modern Japan should be, members of the Meiji government decided to follow the footsteps of the United Kingdom and Germany, basing the country on the concept of noblesse oblige. Samurai were not a political force under the new order. With the Meiji reforms in the late 19th century, the samurai class was abolished, and a western-style national army was established. The Imperial Japanese Armies were conscripted, but many samurai volunteered as soldiers, and many advanced to be trained as officers. Much of the Imperial Army officer class was of samurai origin, and were highly motivated, disciplined, and exceptionally trained. <EOP> <BOQ> In what century were the Meiji reforms? <EOQ> | In what century were the Meiji reforms? | <BOL> 19th <EOL> |
<BOP> Whereas SCIMs cannot turn a shaft faster than allowed by the power line frequency, universal motors can run at much higher speeds. This makes them useful for appliances such as blenders, vacuum cleaners, and hair dryers where high speed and light weight are desirable. They are also commonly used in portable power tools, such as drills, sanders, circular and jig saws, where the motor's characteristics work well. Many vacuum cleaner and weed trimmer motors exceed 10,000 rpm, while many similar miniature grinders exceed 30,000 rpm. <EOP> <BOQ> At around what RMP do weed trimmer motors operate? <EOQ> | At around what RMP do weed trimmer motors operate? | <BOL> 10,000 <EOL> |
Given the detailed context: 'A Girl Name Reagan<br>Tim was asked to show the new student around. He was to wait in the school office for a student named Reagan. Waiting for the student to arrive he wondered what they would be like. Tim assumed the person would be tall like him and a boy. When the person finally arrived it was short girl dressed all in blue.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Tim assumed the person would be a girl.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Tim assumed the person would be a girl. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Regan who was waiting for the person of Tim was a boy in fact. |
Examine the information in <BOP> 'INSIGHT-Investors rush to develop rental housing as Chinese home prices surge HONG KONG, May 5 China's sky-high apartment prices and its footloose generation of millennials are fuelling demand for rental apartments, driving investment by foreign private equity funds and Chinese real estate developers.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'people born in the late eighties and early nineties are pushing the demand for rental apartments' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion. | people born in the late eighties and early nineties are pushing the demand for rental apartments | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Millennials are born in the late 80's and early 90's. This makes my statement correct. The model probably didn't know about the components of millennials |
Given the detailed context: 'The 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards will be held on Thursday, November 16, 2017 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. It will be broadcast on Univision at 8PM ET\PT. This will mark the tenth year Las Vegas hosts the Latin Grammy Awards and will also mark the telecasts return to the MGM Grand Garden Arena.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'The 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards has been hosted at the MGM Grand a total of 5 years.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The 18th Annual Latin Grammy Awards has been hosted at the MGM Grand a total of 5 years. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It is being hosted there this year and has previously been there but there is no indication that 5 is the amount of times it has been there. |
<BOP> Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society and its grounds, alumni, and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture. For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Yale, follows the college career of Dink Stover and Frank Merriwell, the model for all later juvenile sports fiction, plays football, baseball, crew, and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs. Yale University also is featured in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel "The Great Gatsby". The narrator, Nick Carraway, wrote a series of editorials for the Yale News, and Tom Buchanan was "one of the most powerful ends that ever played football" for Yale. <EOP> <BOQ> What character in The Great Gatsby wrote editorials for the Yale News? <EOQ> | What character in The Great Gatsby wrote editorials for the Yale News? | <BOL> Nick Carraway <EOL> |
<BOP> It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus, Bachelor of Canon Law, normally taken as a graduate degree), J.C.L. (Juris Canonici Licentiatus, Licentiate of Canon Law) and the J.C.D. (Juris Canonici Doctor, Doctor of Canon Law). Because of its specialized nature, advanced degrees in civil law or theology are normal prerequisites for the study of canon law. <EOP> <BOQ> What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law? <EOQ> | What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law? | <BOL> civilly-binding force <EOL> |
<BOP> Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first rabies vaccine. The first diphtheria vaccines were produced in 1914 from a mixture of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin (produced from the serum of an inoculated animal), but the safety of the inoculation was marginal and it was not widely used. The United States recorded 206,000 cases of diphtheria in 1921 resulting in 15,520 deaths. In 1923 parallel efforts by Gaston Ramon at the Pasteur Institute and Alexander Glenny at the Wellcome Research Laboratories (later part of GlaxoSmithKline) led to the discovery that a safer vaccine could be produced by treating diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde. In 1944, Maurice Hilleman of Squibb Pharmaceuticals developed the first vaccine against Japanese encephelitis. Hilleman would later move to Merck where he would play a key role in the development of vaccines against measles, mumps, chickenpox, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and meningitis. <EOP> <BOQ> Who created the first rabies vaccine? <EOQ> | Who created the first rabies vaccine? | <BOL> Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux <EOL> |
<BOP> Some biographical accounts include the autobiography Life on the Color Line: The True Story of a White Boy Who Discovered He Was Black by Gregory Howard Williams; One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life—A Story of Race and Family Secrets written by Bliss Broyard about her father Anatole Broyard; the documentary Colored White Boy about a white man in North Carolina who discovers that he is the descendant of a white plantation owner and a raped African slave; and the documentary on The Sanders Women of Shreveport, Louisiana. <EOP> <BOQ> What documentary features a white man in North Carolina? <EOQ> | What documentary features a white man in North Carolina? | <BOL> Colored White Boy <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Nicktoons is a British/Irish digital television channel, launched on 22 July 2002. It is a cartoon based sister channel to Nickelodeon. The channel airs Nicktoons, as well as acquired programming from outside providers. Unlike the United States version, it has been ad-supported since launch.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Nicktoons exlcusively airs Nicktoons and programming from Nickelodeon' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Nicktoons exlcusively airs Nicktoons and programming from Nickelodeon | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It airs content from outside providers. I think the system got it wrong because I mirrored phrasing from the context but changed key facts |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'One feature of the summary trial reform that was discussed at length in committee was the requirement to provide commanding officers with more comprehensive training in their military justice duties and responsibilities and to have them certified as qualified to conduct summary trials.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The summary trial reform will make a difference in the training.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | The summary trial reform will make a difference in the training. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It said that the The summary trial reform will make it that they get more comprehensive training so my statement is correct. |
<BOP> The scientific revolution is a convenient boundary between ancient thought and classical physics. Nicolaus Copernicus revived the heliocentric model of the solar system described by Aristarchus of Samos. This was followed by the first known model of planetary motion given by Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century, which proposed that the planets follow elliptical orbits, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse. Galileo ("Father of Modern Physics") also made use of experiments to validate physical theories, a key element of the scientific method. <EOP> <BOQ> Who made the heliocentric model popular? <EOQ> | Who made the heliocentric model popular? | <BOL> Nicolaus Copernicus <EOL> |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'The murder of Jamiel Shaw II occurred on March 2, 2008, in Arlington Heights, Los Angeles, California. Shaw, a 17-year-old Los Angeles High School football player, was shot by two Hispanic men while returning home from the Beverly Center. Shaw was taken to a hospital, where he later died.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Jamiel Shaw II was murdered by two individuals in a race related crime.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | Jamiel Shaw II was murdered by two individuals in a race related crime. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The reasoning behind the two Hispanic men murdering Jamiel Shaw II is unknown. |
<BOP> Another civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out of the entire Caucasus, reestablishing a short-lived Iranian suzerainty over the region. The Russo-Persian wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828 resulted in large irrevocable territorial losses for Iran in the Caucasus, comprising all of Transcaucasia and Dagestan, which made part of the very concept of Iran for centuries, and thus substantial gains for the neighboring Russian Empire. <EOP> <BOQ> Iran lost territory in the Caucasus during what wars in the early 1800s? <EOQ> | Iran lost territory in the Caucasus during what wars in the early 1800s? | <BOL> Russo-Persian wars <EOL> |
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Romano Prodi will meet the US President George Bush in his capacity as president of the European commission.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'George Bush will greet Romano Prodi when they come into contact.' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | George Bush will greet Romano Prodi when they come into contact. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Leaders always greet each other such as everyone else does when they meet with someone else. |
<BOP> Napoleon ended lawlessness and disorder in post-Revolutionary France. He was, however, considered a tyrant and usurper by his opponents. His critics charge that he was not significantly troubled when faced with the prospect of war and death for thousands, turned his search for undisputed rule into a series of conflicts throughout Europe and ignored treaties and conventions alike. His role in the Haitian Revolution and decision to reinstate slavery in France's oversea colonies are controversial and have an impact on his reputation. <EOP> <BOQ> Napoleon's decision to reinstate what practice in France's overseas colonies has caused controversy regarding his reputation? <EOQ> | Napoleon's decision to reinstate what practice in France's overseas colonies has caused controversy regarding his reputation? | <BOL> slavery <EOL> |
<BOP> A brief shoot at London's City Hall was filmed on 18 April 2015, while Mendes was on location. On 17 May 2015 filming took place on the Thames in London. Stunt scenes involving Craig and Seydoux on a speedboat as well as a low flying helicopter near Westminster Bridge were shot at night, with filming temporarily closing both Westminster and Lambeth Bridges. Scenes were also shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross. The crew returned to the river less than a week later to film scenes solely set on Westminster Bridge. The London Fire Brigade was on set to simulate rain as well as monitor smoke used for filming. Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, as well as Harris and Fiennes, were seen being filmed. Prior to this, scenes involving Fiennes were shot at a restaurant in Covent Garden. Filming then took place in Trafalgar Square. In early June, the crew, as well as Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, returned to the Thames for a final time to continue filming scenes previously shot on the river. <EOP> <BOQ> Where were the scenes of Ralph Fiennes in a restaurant shot? <EOQ> | Where were the scenes of Ralph Fiennes in a restaurant shot? | <BOL> Covent Garden. <EOL> |
Given the detailed context: 'Steve Peterson (1950 – July 15, 2008) was an American technical director for NASCAR. He joined NASCAR in 1995 and worked with them up until his death. During his time he worked as a technical director and a safety adviser. He led to the improvement of safety barriers, neck and head restraints as well as seatbelts.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Steve Peterson was born in January.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Steve Peterson was born in January. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Cannot be verified - Peterson's birth month is not listed. |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'Before I Disappear is a 2014 American drama film directed by Shawn Christensen. The film is a feature-length adaptation of his 2012 Oscar-winning short film, "Curfew". The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest Film on March 10, 2014. The film was acquired for distribution by IFC Films on August 5, 2014 and released on November 28, 2014.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> '4 months passed between when the film was acquired for distribution and when it was released.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | 4 months passed between when the film was acquired for distribution and when it was released. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The statement is incorrect because only approximately 15 weeks passed between when the film was acquired and when it was released. It may be difficult for the model to do the math. |
<BOP> Kenneth Samuel Wuest holds that all three original New Testament verses' usages reflect a derisive element in the term Christian to refer to followers of Christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of Rome. The city of Antioch, where someone gave them the name Christians, had a reputation for coming up with such nicknames. However Peter's apparent endorsement of the term led to its being preferred over "Nazarenes" and the term Christianoi from 1 Peter becomes the standard term in the Early Church Fathers from Ignatius and Polycarp onwards. <EOP> <BOQ> Kenneth Samuel Wuest believes that the Biblical Christian term referenced people who did not acknowledge who? <EOQ> | Kenneth Samuel Wuest believes that the Biblical Christian term referenced people who did not acknowledge who? | <BOL> the emperor of Rome <EOL> |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Bucklow Rural District was, from 1894 to 1974, a local government district in the north of the administrative county of Cheshire, England. Following the Local Government Act 1972, this rural district was split between the new Greater Manchester boroughs of Trafford and Manchester, and Macclesfield, which was retained in Cheshire.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Bucklow Rural District has a population.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | Bucklow Rural District has a population. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Bucklow Rural District must have a population if it is named location and not a historical site. |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Now, I don't have time to preside over a deposition at this late date. And I know that you respect that. You're experienced counsel and you know that. I do know from my private practice experience that I was extremely loathed to get a judge on the telephone in mid-deposition. That could be one of the most unhappy experiences that a lawyer would have.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Speaker is a lawyer' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Speaker is a lawyer | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The speaker says they are a lawyer and got a call from a judge in mid-deposition. |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'The Vienna State Opera (German: Wiener Staatsoper ) is an Austria opera house and opera company based in Vienna, Austria. It was originally called the Vienna Court Opera (Wiener Hofoper). In 1920, with the replacement of the Habsburg Monarchy by the First Austrian Republic, it was renamed the Vienna State Opera. The members of the Vienna Philharmonic are recruited from its orchestra.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Philharmonic members are the only ones recruited' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | Philharmonic members are the only ones recruited | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} it states in the last sentence that Philharmonic members are recruited |
<BOP> Most bacteria have a single circular chromosome that can range in size from only 160,000 base pairs in the endosymbiotic bacteria Candidatus Carsonella ruddii, to 12,200,000 base pairs in the soil-dwelling bacteria Sorangium cellulosum. Spirochaetes of the genus Borrelia are a notable exception to this arrangement, with bacteria such as Borrelia burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme disease, containing a single linear chromosome. The genes in bacterial genomes are usually a single continuous stretch of DNA and although several different types of introns do exist in bacteria, these are much rarer than in eukaryotes. <EOP> <BOQ> How does chromosome of Borrelia burgdoferi look like? <EOQ> | How does chromosome of Borrelia burgdoferi look like? | <BOL> single linear chromosome <EOL> |
<BOP> As far back as the seventh century Japanese warriors wore a form of lamellar armor, this armor eventually evolved into the armor worn by the samurai. The first types of Japanese armors identified as samurai armor were known as yoroi. These early samurai armors were made from small individual scales known as kozane. The kozane were made from either iron or leather and were bound together into small strips, the strips were coated with lacquer to protect the kozane from water. A series of strips of kozane were then laced together with silk or leather lace and formed into a complete chest armor (dou or dō). <EOP> <BOQ> What type of armor did Japanese wear in the 7th century? <EOQ> | What type of armor did Japanese wear in the 7th century? | <BOL> a form of lamellar armor <EOL> |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'The Peace Palace (Dutch: "Vredespaleis" ; ] ) is an international law administrative building in The Hague, the Netherlands. It houses the International Court of Justice (which is the principal judicial body of the United Nations), the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), the Hague Academy of International Law and the Peace Palace Library.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'The Peace Palace contains a room where books are kept, as well as other legal administrative offices and courts. ' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | The Peace Palace contains a room where books are kept, as well as other legal administrative offices and courts. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The statement is indeed definitely correct, but the word Library was referred to as a room where books are kept. I think this is what fooled the system as it could not make the connection leading to doubt. |
<BOP> The city of Kathmandu is named after Kasthamandap temple, that stood in Durbar Square. In Sanskrit, Kastha (काष्ठ) means "wood" and Mandap (/मण्डप) means "covered shelter". This temple, also known as Maru Satal in the Newar language, was built in 1596 by King Laxmi Narsingh Malla. The two-storey structure was made entirely of wood, and used no iron nails nor supports. According to legend, all the timber used to build the pagoda was obtained from a single tree. The structure collapsed during the major earthquake on 25 April 2015. <EOP> <BOQ> What is the English translation of Mandap? <EOQ> | What is the English translation of Mandap? | <BOL> covered shelter <EOL> |
<BOP> Katō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to "all samurai, regardless of rank" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to "...grasp the long and the short swords and to die". He also ordered his followers to put forth great effort in studying the military classics, especially those related to loyalty and filial piety. He is best known for his quote: "If a man does not investigate into the matter of Bushido daily, it will be difficult for him to die a brave and manly death. Thus it is essential to engrave this business of the warrior into one's mind well." <EOP> <BOQ> What concept did Kato Kiyomasa think should be studied every day? <EOQ> | What concept did Kato Kiyomasa think should be studied every day? | <BOL> Bushido <EOL> |
<BOP> There are no dedicated IPA symbols for degrees of aspiration and typically only two degrees are marked: unaspirated ⟨k⟩ and aspirated ⟨kʰ⟩. An old symbol for light aspiration was ⟨ʻ⟩, but this is now obsolete. The aspiration modifier letter may be doubled to indicate especially strong or long aspiration. Hence, the two degrees of aspiration in Korean stops are sometimes transcribed ⟨kʰ kʰʰ⟩ or ⟨kʻ⟩ and ⟨kʰ⟩, but they are usually transcribed [k] and [kʰ], with the details of voice-onset time given numerically. <EOP> <BOQ> What may be doubled to indicate a long aspiration? <EOQ> | What may be doubled to indicate a long aspiration? | <BOL> aspiration modifier <EOL> |
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Gulf Air (Arabic: طيران الخليج "Ṭayarān al-Khalīj") is the principal flag carrier of Bahrain. Headquartered in Muharraq, adjacent to Bahrain International Airport, the airline operates scheduled services to 41 destinations in 23 countries across Africa, Asia and Europe. Its main base is Bahrain International Airport.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Bahrain International Airport is in Ṭayarān al-Khalīj.' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Bahrain International Airport is in Ṭayarān al-Khalīj. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} How can the airport be in the arabic term for Gulf Air? The correct answer would be it's in Muharraq or Bahrain. |
<BOP> The North Korean contributions to the Chinese Communist victory were not forgotten after the creation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. As a token of gratitude, between 50,000 and 70,000 Korean veterans that served in the PLA were sent back along with their weapons, and they later played a significant role in the initial invasion of South Korea. China promised to support the North Koreans in the event of a war against South Korea. The Chinese support created a deep division between the Korean Communists, and Kim Il-sung's authority within the Communist party was challenged by the Chinese faction led by Pak Il-yu, who was later purged by Kim. <EOP> <BOQ> What country helped North Korea invade South Korea? <EOQ> | What country helped North Korea invade South Korea? | <BOL> China <EOL> |
<BOP> The Roman Catholic Church celebrates his feast day not on the date of his death, June 3, as is usual, nor even on the day of his papal inauguration (as is sometimes done with Popes who are Saints, such as with John Paul II) but on 11 October, the day of the first session of the Second Vatican Council. This is understandable, since he was the one who had had the idea for it and had convened it. On Thursday, 11 September 2014, Pope Francis added his optional memorial to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints' feast days, in response to global requests. He is commemorated on the date of his death, 3 June, by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and on the following day, 4 June, by the Anglican Church of Canada and the Episcopal Church (United States). <EOP> <BOQ> When did Pope Francis added his optional memorial to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints' feast days? <EOQ> | When did Pope Francis added his optional memorial to the worldwide General Roman Calendar of saints' feast days? | <BOL> 11 September 2014 <EOL> |
<BOP> Logic operations involve Boolean logic: AND, OR, XOR, and NOT. These can be useful for creating complicated conditional statements and processing boolean logic. <EOP> <BOQ> Boolean logic consists of what? <EOQ> | Boolean logic consists of what? | <BOL> AND, OR, XOR, and NOT <EOL> |
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Gálveztown was the HMS "West Florida", which the Continental Navy schooner USS "Morris" captured at the Battle of Lake Pontchartrain, which was then in the British province of West Florida. "West Florida" became the Gálveztown, supposedly under the command of Bernardo de Gálvez, the Spanish governor of Louisiana (New Spain).' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The HMS West Florida, was a British ship' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The HMS West Florida, was a British ship | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The Statement mentions that the HMS West Florida was in the British Provence of West Florida when it was captured, HMS also stands for Her Majesties Ship |
<BOP> The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of mammals contains a large portion (the neocerebellum) dedicated to supporting the cerebral cortex, which has no counterpart in other vertebrates. <EOP> <BOQ> The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain? <EOQ> | The Neocerebellum supports what other part of the brain? | <BOL> cerebral cortex <EOL> |
<BOP> Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the 15th-century Ars moriendi and block books, Michelangelo's The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel, and William Hogarth's 17th-century sequential engravings, amongst others.[b] <EOP> <BOQ> In France, what did historians find that they consider a precedent for comics? <EOQ> | In France, what did historians find that they consider a precedent for comics? | <BOL> Lascaux cave paintings <EOL> |
<BOP> Following the breakup of the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I for a brief period, from 1918 to 1920, Armenia was an independent republic. In late 1920, the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army, and in 1922, Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR of the Soviet Union, later forming the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936 to September 21, 1991). In 1991, Armenia declared independence from the USSR and established the second Republic of Armenia. <EOP> <BOQ> What was Armenia's status from 1918 to 1920? <EOQ> | What was Armenia's status from 1918 to 1920? | <BOL> independent republic <EOL> |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'John Matoian (born 1949) is a businessman and television industry executive. He was a vice-president of the CBS Entertainment division. He later became the president of Entertainment at Fox Broadcasting in September 1995. In 1996 he became the president of HBO.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'John Matoian was a vice-president of the CBS Entertainment division in 40 years old.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | John Matoian was a vice-president of the CBS Entertainment division in 40 years old. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} John Matoian may be the vice-president of the CBS Entertainment division in 40 years old as age is not mentioned in the context. This may be correct or incorrect. It was difficult for the system to predict as the year or any other clue is not given in the context. |
<BOP> Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At 36.6 m (120 ft) long, 18 m (59 ft) wide and 13.5 m (44 ft) high, it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During investitures, the Queen stands on the throne dais beneath a giant, domed velvet canopy, known as a shamiana or a baldachin, that was used at the Delhi Durbar in 1911. A military band plays in the musicians' gallery as award recipients approach the Queen and receive their honours, watched by their families and friends. <EOP> <BOQ> What does the Queen stand on during Investitures? <EOQ> | What does the Queen stand on during Investitures? | <BOL> the throne dais <EOL> |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Michelle R. Paige Paterson (born April 1, 1961 in Fairfield, California) was the First Lady of New York state. The wife of New York Governor David Paterson, she became the First Lady on March 17, 2008, when her husband was sworn in as governor, following the resignation of Eliot Spitzer. Paige Paterson is the first African American First Lady in New York's history.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Michelle R. Paige Paterson was born in 19611' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | Michelle R. Paige Paterson was born in 19611 | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It is stated that Michelle R. Paige Paterson is born in 1961 but my statement says Michelle R. Paige Paterson was born in 19611. I think it was difficult for the system because there was an extra 1. |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'The 2017 Youngstown State Penguins football team represent Youngstown State University in the 2017 NCAA Division I FCS football season. They are led by third year head coach Bo Pelini and play their home games at Stambaugh Stadium. They are a member of the Missouri Valley Football Conference.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'The 2017 Youngstown State Penguins football team seems to have completed the season' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | The 2017 Youngstown State Penguins football team seems to have completed the season | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} system misses the context |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Andrei Olegovich Minenkov (Russian: Андрей Олегович Миненков ; born 6 December 1954) is a Russian retired ice dancer who represented the Soviet Union. With partner and wife Irina Moiseeva, he is the 1976 Olympic silver medalist, 1980 Olympic bronze medalist, and two-time world champion (1975 and 1977).' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'There was a world championship for ice dancing in 1954.' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | There was a world championship for ice dancing in 1954. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Reason: There's no information as to when the ice dancing world championship started, or what years it happened. Why: Andrei's birth is the only thing mentioned in 1954. |
<BOP> The Egyptian military has dozens of factories manufacturing weapons as well as consumer goods. The Armed Forces' inventory includes equipment from different countries around the world. Equipment from the former Soviet Union is being progressively replaced by more modern US, French, and British equipment, a significant portion of which is built under license in Egypt, such as the M1 Abrams tank.[citation needed] Relations with Russia have improved significantly following Mohamed Morsi's removal and both countries have worked since then to strengthen military and trade ties among other aspects of bilateral co-operation. Relations with China have also improved considerably. In 2014, Egypt and China have established a bilateral "comprehensive strategic partnership". <EOP> <BOQ> After Morsi removal, what country has Egypt improved relations with? <EOQ> | After Morsi removal, what country has Egypt improved relations with? | <BOL> Russia <EOL> |
<BOP> Coats of arms were very important to the Polish nobility. Its heraldic system evolved together with its neighbours in Central Europe, while differing in many ways from the heraldry of other European countries. Polish knighthood families had its counterparts, links or roots in Moravia (i.e. Poraj) and Germany (i.e. Junosza). <EOP> <BOQ> What was very important to the polish nobility? <EOQ> | What was very important to the polish nobility? | <BOL> Coats of arms <EOL> |
<BOP> The Ottomans absorbed some of the traditions, art and institutions of cultures in the regions they conquered, and added new dimensions to them. Numerous traditions and cultural traits of previous empires (in fields such as architecture, cuisine, music, leisure and government) were adopted by the Ottoman Turks, who elaborated them into new forms, which resulted in a new and distinctively Ottoman cultural identity. Despite newer added amalgamations, the Ottoman dynasty, like their predecessors in the Sultanate of Rum and the Seljuk Empire, were thoroughly Persianised in their culture, language, habits and customs, and therefore, the empire has been described as a Persianate empire. Intercultural marriages also played their part in creating the characteristic Ottoman elite culture. When compared to the Turkish folk culture, the influence of these new cultures in creating the culture of the Ottoman elite was clear. <EOP> <BOQ> The Ottoman dynasty was preceded by what sultanate? <EOQ> | The Ottoman dynasty was preceded by what sultanate? | <BOL> Sultanate of Rum <EOL> |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'The following is a list of the film and television appearances of American actress Marlee Matlin. Matlin, who had previously acted in stage productions, made her screen debut as the female lead in the 1986 film "Children of a Lesser God", for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress and a Golden Globe Award.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'Marlee Matlin had never appeared in a film before 1986.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | Marlee Matlin had never appeared in a film before 1986. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Marlee Matlin made her screen debut in 1986 therefore she could not have appeared in a film before that date. Perhaps the model could not tell that screen debut meant TV or film. |
<BOP> It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultural centers of Iran and the region was known as Khorasan. The Kara-Khanid Khanate conquered Transoxania (which corresponds approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and southwest Kazakhstan) and ruled between 999–1211. Their arrival in Transoxania signaled a definitive shift from Iranian to Turkic predominance in Central Asia, but gradually the Kara-khanids became assimilated into the Perso-Arab Muslim culture of the region. <EOP> <BOQ> When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl? <EOQ> | When was Tajikistan under Ymayyads contorl? | <BOL> 710 <EOL> |
<BOP> "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month-old puppy were found buried together). However, pet dog populations grew significantly after World War II as suburbanization increased. In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today (using the expression "in the doghouse" to describe exclusion from the group signifies the distance between the doghouse and the home) and were still primarily functional, acting as a guard, children's playmate, or walking companion. From the 1980s, there have been changes in the role of the pet dog, such as the increased role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians. People and dogs have become increasingly integrated and implicated in each other's lives, to the point where pet dogs actively shape the way a family and home are experienced. <EOP> <BOQ> When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions? <EOQ> | When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions? | <BOL> 1980s <EOL> |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Boredom on the internet has led to the creation of yet another meme, this time revolving around Naruto‘s Sasuke and the way in which Twitter places two images next to each other in a tweet. The original image on which the meme is based on, with Sasuke being choked by his older brother: The meme that ensued:' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'People on the internet are bored' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | People on the internet are bored | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} People are not always bored on the internet |
<BOP> Agriculture is almost entirely dependent on angiosperms, which provide virtually all plant-based food, and also provide a significant amount of livestock feed. Of all the families of plants, the Poaceae, or grass family (grains), is by far the most important, providing the bulk of all feedstocks (rice, corn — maize, wheat, barley, rye, oats, pearl millet, sugar cane, sorghum). The Fabaceae, or legume family, comes in second place. Also of high importance are the Solanaceae, or nightshade family (potatoes, tomatoes, and peppers, among others), the Cucurbitaceae, or gourd family (also including pumpkins and melons), the Brassicaceae, or mustard plant family (including rapeseed and the innumerable varieties of the cabbage species Brassica oleracea), and the Apiaceae, or parsley family. Many of our fruits come from the Rutaceae, or rue family (including oranges, lemons, grapefruits, etc.), and the Rosaceae, or rose family (including apples, pears, cherries, apricots, plums, etc.). <EOP> <BOQ> What family would you find cherries in? <EOQ> | What family would you find cherries in? | <BOL> Rosaceae <EOL> |
<BOP> While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal is much softer than bronze. However, very small amounts of steel, (an alloy of iron and around 1% carbon), was always a byproduct of the bloomery process. The ability to modify the hardness of steel by heat treatment had been known since 1100 BC, and the rare material was valued for the manufacture of tools and weapons. Because the ancients could not produce temperatures high enough to melt iron fully, the production of steel in decent quantities did not occur until the introduction of blister steel during the Middle Ages. This method introduced carbon by heating wrought iron in charcoal for long periods of time, but the penetration of carbon was not very deep, so the alloy was not homogeneous. In 1740, Benjamin Huntsman began melting blister steel in a crucible to even out the carbon content, creating the first process for the mass production of tool steel. Huntsman's process was used for manufacturing tool steel until the early 1900s. <EOP> <BOQ> When did iron start to become melted by people? <EOQ> | When did iron start to become melted by people? | <BOL> Middle Ages <EOL> |
<BOP> A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e. an insulator that can store energy by becoming polarized). The conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates. <EOP> <BOQ> Where is the energy stored by a capacitor located? <EOQ> | Where is the energy stored by a capacitor located? | <BOL> between its plates <EOL> |
<BOP> A variation of the incandescent lamp did not use a hot wire filament, but instead used an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode to produce heat. The electrode then became incandescent, with the arc contributing little to the light produced. Such lamps were used for projection or illumination for scientific instruments such as microscopes. These arc lamps ran on relatively low voltages and incorporated tungsten filaments to start ionization within the envelope. They provided the intense concentrated light of an arc lamp but were easier to operate. Developed around 1915, these lamps were displaced by mercury and xenon arc lamps. <EOP> <BOQ> What did an alternate version of the incandescent lamp substitute for a wire filament? <EOQ> | What did an alternate version of the incandescent lamp substitute for a wire filament? | <BOL> an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode <EOL> |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'Anschluss (] 'joining') is the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938. The word's German spelling, until the German orthography reform of 1996, was Anschluß and it was also known as the Anschluss Österreichs ( , German: "Austrian Annexation" ).' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Germany is not a city' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | Germany is not a city | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Germany is a country, not a city |
<BOP> By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation. Again in the 1990s, after joining the European Economic Community, the country built many new motorways. Today, the country has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) road network, of which almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of system of 44 motorways. Opened in 1944, the first motorway (which linked Lisbon to the National Stadium) was an innovative project that made Portugal among one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway (this roadway eventually became the Lisbon-Cascais highway, or A5). But, although a few other tracts were created (around 1960 and 1970), it was only after the beginning of the 1980s that large-scale motorway construction was implemented. In 1972, Brisa, the highway concessionaire, was founded to handle the management of many of the regions motorways. On many highways, toll needs to be paid, see Via Verde. Vasco da Gama bridge is the longest bridge in Europe. <EOP> <BOQ> In which year was the first motorway opened in Portugal? <EOQ> | In which year was the first motorway opened in Portugal? | <BOL> 1944 <EOL> |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'The debate on the bill is whether a proper balance is being struck between the rights of the accused and the rights of society as represented by law enforcement agencies charged with the responsibility and duty to bring criminals to justice, investigate crimes and have a sufficiently strong record in terms of success that it would be a deterrent to those who plan and commit premeditated acts against an individual.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The bill is being debated because vigilante justice is taking over society' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | The bill is being debated because vigilante justice is taking over society | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The bill is being debated because law enforcement hates puppies |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Libya's case against Britain and the US concerns the dispute over their demand for extradition of Libyans charged with blowing up a Pan Am jet over Lockerbie in 1988.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Libya has held it's case against Britain and the US for extradition of Libyans regarding destruction of a Pan Am jet for over 52 years.' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Libya has held it's case against Britain and the US for extradition of Libyans regarding destruction of a Pan Am jet for over 52 years. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} If the Pan Am jet was blown up in 1988 then the case for extradition on such charges cannot have been made more than roughly 30 years ago. |
Examine the information in <BOP> 'Hundreds of ancient stone religious monuments lie on the island of Java. Known as "candi" in Indonesian, they date from the early classical period of Javanese civilisation, beginning in the first part of the 8th century CE and ending after 900 CE. The majority were built between 780 CE and 860 CE, even though the civilisation that created them existed for many centuries.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'The Javanese stone monuments were not discovered until well after 1000 CE.' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion. | The Javanese stone monuments were not discovered until well after 1000 CE. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It was not mentioned in the statement when the monuments were discovered, so the statement may or may not be correct. |
<BOP> The origin of the word antenna relative to wireless apparatus is attributed to Italian radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi. In the summer of 1895, Marconi began testing his wireless system outdoors on his father's estate near Bologna and soon began to experiment with long wire "aerials". Marconi discovered that by raising the "aerial" wire above the ground and connecting the other side of his transmitter to ground, the transmission range was increased. Soon he was able to transmit signals over a hill, a distance of approximately 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi). In Italian a tent pole is known as l'antenna centrale, and the pole with the wire was simply called l'antenna. Until then wireless radiating transmitting and receiving elements were known simply as aerials or terminals. <EOP> <BOQ> What is a way to increase the strength of a radio transmission? <EOQ> | What is a way to increase the strength of a radio transmission? | <BOL> raising the "aerial" wire <EOL> |
<BOP> After Alexander the Great's ventures in the Persian Empire, Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout south-west Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), north-east Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). This resulted in the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms through Greco-Macedonian colonization, spanning as far as modern-day Pakistan. Equally, however, these new kingdoms were influenced by the indigenous cultures, adopting local practices where beneficial, necessary, or convenient. Hellenistic culture thus represents a fusion of the Ancient Greek world with that of the Near East, Middle East, and Southwest Asia, and a departure from earlier Greek attitudes towards "barbarian" cultures. The Hellenistic period was characterized by a new wave of Greek colonization (as distinguished from that occurring in the 8th–6th centuries BC) which established Greek cities and kingdoms in Asia and Africa. Those new cities were composed of Greek colonists who came from different parts of the Greek world, and not, as before, from a specific "mother city". The main cultural centers expanded from mainland Greece to Pergamon, Rhodes, and new Greek colonies such as Seleucia, Antioch, Alexandria and Ai-Khanoum. This mixture of Greek-speakers gave birth to a common Attic-based dialect, known as Koine Greek, which became the lingua franca through the Hellenistic world. <EOP> <BOQ> What was the new, Attic-based dialect called? <EOQ> | What was the new, Attic-based dialect called? | <BOL> Koine Greek <EOL> |
<BOP> The main cast was revealed in December 2014 at the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall. Rory Kinnear also reprised his role as Bill Tanner in his third appearance in the series. <EOP> <BOQ> When were the actors in Spectre announced? <EOQ> | When were the actors in Spectre announced? | <BOL> December 2014 <EOL> |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Car Emergency<br>Sam spent his summer working for his uncle. He spent all of his money on video games. One day his car broke down and he couldn't afford to fix it! He sold all of his games to one of his friends and got his car fixed. From then on out, he would always save money for emergencies.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Sam has many new video games.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | Sam has many new video games. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} He spent his money on video games. |
<BOP> A 5th-century building in Huldah may be a Samaritan synagogue. Its mosaic floor contains typical Jewish symbols (menorah, lulav, etrog) but the inscriptions are Greek. Another Samaritan synagogue with a mosaic floor was located in Bet She'an (excavated in 1960). The floor had only decorative motifs and an aedicule (shrine) with cultic symbols. The ban on human or animal images was more strictly observed by the Samaritans than their Jewish neighbours in the same town (see above). The mosaic was laid by the same masters who made the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue. One of the inscriptions was written in Samaritan script. <EOP> <BOQ> The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at Bet She'an also constructed what other mosaic? <EOQ> | The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at Bet She'an also constructed what other mosaic? | <BOL> the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue <EOL> |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'Sergei Vladilenovich Ponomarenko (Russian: Серге́й Владиленович Пономаренко ; born October 6, 1960) is a Russian former competitive ice dancer who competed for the Soviet Union and the Unified team. With skating partner and wife Marina Klimova, he is the 1992 Olympic champion, 1988 Olympic silver medalist, 1984 Olympic bronze medalist, three-time World champion, and four-time European champion.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Sergei Vladilenovich Ponomarenko is likely still alive' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | Sergei Vladilenovich Ponomarenko is likely still alive | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} no death date mentioned, person is likley still alive |
<BOP> There are at least two major approaches to understanding cognitive change during adolescence. One is the constructivist view of cognitive development. Based on the work of Piaget, it takes a quantitative, state-theory approach, hypothesizing that adolescents' cognitive improvement is relatively sudden and drastic. The second is the information-processing perspective, which derives from the study of artificial intelligence and attempts to explain cognitive development in terms of the growth of specific components of the thinking process. <EOP> <BOQ> The information-processing perspective towards cognitive development derives from the study of what? <EOQ> | The information-processing perspective towards cognitive development derives from the study of what? | <BOL> artificial intelligence <EOL> |
<BOP> For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K. The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation. One candidate for a heating mechanism is atmospheric interaction with ions in the planet's magnetic field. Other candidates are gravity waves from the interior that dissipate in the atmosphere. The thermosphere contains traces of carbon dioxide and water, which may have been deposited from external sources such as meteorites and dust. <EOP> <BOQ> What does Neptune's thermosphere containers traces of? <EOQ> | What does Neptune's thermosphere containers traces of? | <BOL> carbon dioxide and water <EOL> |
<BOP> Alpine crystals have been studied and collected for hundreds of years, and began to be classified in the 18th century. Leonhard Euler studied the shapes of crystals, and by the 19th century crystal hunting was common in Alpine regions. David Friedrich Wiser amassed a collection of 8000 crystals that he studied and documented. In the 20th century Robert Parker wrote a well-known work about the rock crystals of the Swiss Alps; at the same period a commission was established to control and standardize the naming of Alpine minerals. <EOP> <BOQ> Who studied the shapes of crystals? <EOQ> | Who studied the shapes of crystals? | <BOL> Leonhard Euler <EOL> |
<BOP> In April 2005, Comcast and Time Warner Cable announced plans to buy the assets of bankrupted Adelphia Cable. The two companies paid a total of $17.6 billion in the deal that was finalized in the second quarter of 2006—after the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) completed a seven-month investigation without raising an objection. Time Warner Cable became the second largest cable provider in the U.S., ranking behind Comcast. As part of the deal, Time Warner and Comcast traded existing subscribers in order to consolidate them into larger geographic clusters. <EOP> <BOQ> When was this deal finalized? <EOQ> | When was this deal finalized? | <BOL> second quarter of 2006 <EOL> |
<BOP> Similar alloys with the addition of a small amount of lead can be cold-rolled into sheets. An alloy of 96% zinc and 4% aluminium is used to make stamping dies for low production run applications for which ferrous metal dies would be too expensive. In building facades, roofs or other applications in which zinc is used as sheet metal and for methods such as deep drawing, roll forming or bending, zinc alloys with titanium and copper are used. Unalloyed zinc is too brittle for these kinds of manufacturing processes. <EOP> <BOQ> What can be done when small amounts of lead are added to alloys? <EOQ> | What can be done when small amounts of lead are added to alloys? | <BOL> cold-rolled into sheets <EOL> |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'How to handle a lupus flare<br>Get enough sleep. One of the known symptoms of a lupus flare is fatigue. A person suffering from a lupus flare needs adequate rest to overcome their symptoms and go about their daily activities.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Fatigue is not the only symptom of lupus flare.' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Fatigue is not the only symptom of lupus flare. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The text says ONE OF the known symptoms of a lupus flare is fatigue, so it is not the only symptom. The word "only" maybe confused the model since it is an absolute term. |
<BOP> Plant physiology encompasses all the internal chemical and physical activities of plants associated with life. Chemicals obtained from the air, soil and water form the basis of all plant metabolism. The energy of sunlight, captured by oxygenic photosynthesis and released by cellular respiration, is the basis of almost all life. Photoautotrophs, including all green plants, algae and cyanobacteria gather energy directly from sunlight by photosynthesis. Heterotrophs including all animals, all fungi, all completely parasitic plants, and non-photosynthetic bacteria take in organic molecules produced by photoautotrophs and respire them or use them in the construction of cells and tissues. Respiration is the oxidation of carbon compounds by breaking them down into simpler structures to release the energy they contain, essentially the opposite of photosynthesis. <EOP> <BOQ> What is the basis of plant physiology? <EOQ> | What is the basis of plant physiology? | <BOL> internal chemical and physical activities <EOL> |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'The 5th Monkey is a 1990 drama film starring Ben Kingsley. The film was directed and written by Eric Rochat; based on the novel "Le Cinquieme Singe" by Jacques Zibi. The Cannon Group founder Menahem Golan produced via his 21st Century Film Corporation, following the demise of Cannon.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The 5th Monkey was produced through 21st Century Film, not The Cannon Group.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | The 5th Monkey was produced through 21st Century Film, not The Cannon Group. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It was stated in the column. Maybe it was hard because the titles of the companies. |
<BOP> In English, the term referring to a person first appears in the mid 14th century as Catelaner, followed in the 15th century as Catellain (from French). It is attested a language name since at least 1652. Catalan can be pronounced as /ˈkætəlæn/, /kætəˈlæn/ or /ˈkætələn/. <EOP> <BOQ> When did the reference Catelaner first appear? <EOQ> | When did the reference Catelaner first appear? | <BOL> mid 14th century <EOL> |
<BOP> There are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert has proved unsuitable for European agriculture (and even pastoralism).[citation needed] Another are the Sentinelese of the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean, who live on North Sentinel Island and to date have maintained their independent existence, repelling attempts to engage with and contact them.[citation needed] <EOP> <BOQ> What is the name of the Spinifex people? <EOQ> | What is the name of the Spinifex people? | <BOL> Pila Nguru <EOL> |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Weldon Township is a civil township of Benzie County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 542 at the 2010 census. The township is in the south central portion of the county. One half of the village of Thompsonville is located in the township. The census-designated place of Crystal Mountain, containing the Crystal Mountain Resort, is in the southern part of the township.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Weldon Township is a civil township located in the southern part of the U.S.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | Weldon Township is a civil township located in the southern part of the U.S. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It is incorrect because Weldon Township is located in the U.S. state Michigan, which is not in the southern part of the U.S. It may have been difficult for the systems due to its relation to other similarly worded facts. |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Thomasin "Tom" McKenzie (born 2000) is a New Zealand teen actress. Most well known for playing Pixie Hannah in "Shortland Street", she has also starred in "" as Astrid, in "Lucy Lewis Can't Lose" as Lucy Lewis, and in webseries "Bright Summer Night" as Petra Quince. She will also have a leading role in upcoming American film "My Abandonment".' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Thomasin "Tom" McKenzie is 15 years old' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Thomasin "Tom" McKenzie is 15 years old | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} She is 19 |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'The Battle of Maldon is the name given to an Old English poem of uncertain date celebrating the real Battle of Maldon of 991, at which the Anglo-Saxons failed to prevent a Viking invasion. Only 325 lines of the poem are extant; both the beginning and the ending are lost.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Battle of Maldon was a commercial failure' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | The Battle of Maldon was a commercial failure | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The Battle of Maldon is popular today |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Stephan Lichtsteiner (born 16 January 1984) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays for Italian club Juventus and the Switzerland national team. An attacking right-back or wing-back, he is known for his energetic runs down the right wing, as well as his stamina and athleticism, which earned him the nicknames "Forrest Gump" and "The Swiss Express".' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Football is played mainly with one's feet.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | Football is played mainly with one's feet. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Football as European countries refer to it is what Americans of the USA refer to as soccer, which is a sport mainly involved with kicking a ball with one's feet. Football as Americans of the USA refer to it is a sport mainly concerned with carrying the ball instead of kicking it. |
<BOP> There has recently been an effort to reevaluate the influence of the Bible on Western constitutional law. In the Old Testament, there was some language in Deuteronomy imposing restrictions on the Jewish king, regarding such things as how many wives he could have, and how many horses he could own for his personal use. According to Professor Bernard M. Levinson, "This legislation was so utopian in its own time that it seems never to have been implemented...." The Deuteronomic social vision may have influenced opponents of the divine right of kings, including Bishop John Ponet in sixteenth-century England. <EOP> <BOQ> What historical book may have a significant impact on contemporary law making practices? <EOQ> | What historical book may have a significant impact on contemporary law making practices? | <BOL> Bible <EOL> |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> '"Tequila" is a 1958 Latin-flavored rock and roll instrumental recorded by the Champs. It is based on a Cuban mambo beat. The word "Tequila" is spoken three times throughout the tune. "Tequila" became a #1 hit on both the pop and R&B charts at the time of its release and continues to be strongly referenced in pop culture to this day.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> '"Tequilla" has few words in it. ' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | "Tequilla" has few words in it. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The lyrics for "Tequila" consist of the word Tequila said only three times. |
Given the context: <BOP> 'The Israeli army forces carried out, on Saturday, a widespread military operation into the West Bank town of Jenin and its refugee camp, local Palestinian sources said.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'The Israeli Army is active on weekends' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | The Israeli Army is active on weekends | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Saturday is part of the weekend. I think the system got it wrong because I used unfamiliar phrasing |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'NBA 2K9 is a basketball simulation video game developed by Visual Concepts and published by 2K Sports. It is the tenth installment in the "NBA 2K" franchise and the successor to "NBA 2K8". It was released in 2008 for PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows. Kevin Garnett is the cover athlete of the game. "NBA 2K9" is the predecessor to "NBA 2K10" in the "NBA 2K" series.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'There were 4 ways to play NBA 2K9' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | There were 4 ways to play NBA 2K9 | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} ps2, ps3, xbobx 360, pc |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Michael Blodgett (September 26, 1939 – November 14, 2007) was an American actor, novelist, and screenwriter. Of his many film and television appearances he is best known for his performance as gigolo Lance Rocke in Russ Meyer's 1970 cult classic "Beyond the Valley of the Dolls". He retired from acting in the late 1970s and began a writing career.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Blodgett was born in the ninth month.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | Blodgett was born in the ninth month. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} September is the ninth month. The system was confused by the context. |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Kisimul Castle (Scottish Gaelic: "Caisteal Chiosmuil" ) and also known as Kiessimul Castle, is a small medieval castle located on a small island off Castlebay, Barra, in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. It gets its name from the Gaelic "cìosamul" meaning "castle island".' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Kisimul Castle takes up the entire land mass of the island its on.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | Kisimul Castle takes up the entire land mass of the island its on. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The passage just says the island is located on a small island. The castle could take up all the land on that small island or it could just be a small fortress that takes up a portion of the land. |
<BOP> Endospores show no detectable metabolism and can survive extreme physical and chemical stresses, such as high levels of UV light, gamma radiation, detergents, disinfectants, heat, freezing, pressure, and desiccation. In this dormant state, these organisms may remain viable for millions of years, and endospores even allow bacteria to survive exposure to the vacuum and radiation in space. According to scientist Dr. Steinn Sigurdsson, "There are viable bacterial spores that have been found that are 40 million years old on Earth — and we know they're very hardened to radiation." Endospore-forming bacteria can also cause disease: for example, anthrax can be contracted by the inhalation of Bacillus anthracis endospores, and contamination of deep puncture wounds with Clostridium tetani endospores causes tetanus. <EOP> <BOQ> How long can endospores of bacteria stay alive in dormant state? <EOQ> | How long can endospores of bacteria stay alive in dormant state? | <BOL> for millions of years <EOL> |
<BOP> Small-scale artisanal mining of gold is another source of dangerous child labour in poor rural areas in certain parts of the world. This form of mining uses labour-intensive and low-tech methods. It is informal sector of the economy. Human Rights Watch group estimates that about 12 percent of global gold production comes from artisanal mines. In west Africa, in countries such as Mali - the third largest exporter of gold in Africa - between 20,000 and 40,000 children work in artisanal mining. Locally known as orpaillage, children as young as 6 years old work with their families. These children and families suffer chronic exposure to toxic chemicals including mercury, and do hazardous work such as digging shafts and working underground, pulling up, carrying and crushing the ore. The poor work practices harm the long term health of children, as well as release hundreds of tons of mercury every year into local rivers, ground water and lakes. Gold is important to the economy of Mali and Ghana. For Mali, it is the second largest earner of its export revenue. For many poor families with children, it is the primary and sometimes the only source of income. <EOP> <BOQ> What is the gold production income of poor families in Mali? <EOQ> | What is the gold production income of poor families in Mali? | <BOL> primary and sometimes the only source of income <EOL> |
<BOP> Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a major trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until 17 May 2014, when Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2. This qualified them for the 2014 FA Community Shield where they would play Premier League champions Manchester City. They recorded a resounding 3–0 win in the game, winning their second trophy in three months. Nine months after their Community Shield triumph, Arsenal appeared in the FA Cup final for the second year in a row, thrashing Aston Villa 4–0 in the final and becoming the most successful club in the tournament's history with 12 titles. On 2 August 2015, Arsenal beat Chelsea 1–0 at Wembley Stadium to retain the Community Shield and earn their 14th Community Shield title. <EOP> <BOQ> Who beat Arsenal for the 2011 League Cup> <EOQ> | Who beat Arsenal for the 2011 League Cup> | <BOL> Birmingham City <EOL> |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'With respect to the point that you made as it relates to their testimony at trial, that is a very valid point. However, I will tell you that the sense of my opinion as it related to their deposition testimony and as reconsidered and as honed in the reconsideration, was that it was meant to apply -- the general thrust of that, the protections, if you will, in that opinion were meant to apply in the same sense to their testimony at trial, if they chose to testify, and they would be protected in every way by the Court, and they would not be questioned in the broader sense.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'The defendant in the case was not protected by the courts, as originally agreed upon.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | The defendant in the case was not protected by the courts, as originally agreed upon. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} There was a sense that it was determined that those involved would be protected, but there is a possibility that a defendant was not given the same right. |
<BOP> The BYU Ballroom Dance Company is known as one of the best formation ballroom dance teams in the world, having won the U.S. National Formation Dance Championship every year since 1982. BYU's Ballroom dance team has won first place in Latin or Standard (or both) many times when they have competed at the Blackpool Dance Festival, and they were the first U.S. team to win the formation championships at the famed British Championships in Blackpool, England in 1972 . The NDCA National DanceSport championships have been held at BYU for several years, and BYU holds dozens of ballroom dance classes each semester and is consequently the largest collegiate ballroom dance program in the world. In addition, BYU has a number of other notable dance teams and programs. These teams include the Theatre Ballet, Contemporary Dance Theatre, Living Legends, and International Folk Dance Ensemble. The Living Legends perform Latin, Native American, and Polynesian dancing. BYU boasts one of the largest dance departments in the nation. Many students from all different majors across campus participate in various dance classes each semester. <EOP> <BOQ> How is BYU's collegiate ballroom dance program rated worldwide? <EOQ> | How is BYU's collegiate ballroom dance program rated worldwide? | <BOL> the largest <EOL> |
With the given context: <BOP> 'The sale was made to pay Yukos' US$ 27.5 billion tax bill, Yuganskneftegaz was originally sold for US$9.4 billion to a little known company Baikalfinansgroup which was later bought by the Russian state-owned oil company Rosneft.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The sale was made to pay Yuganskneftegaz's US$ 27.5 billion tax bill' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | The sale was made to pay Yuganskneftegaz's US$ 27.5 billion tax bill | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The sale was made to pay Yukos' tax bill, not Yuganskneftegaz's. The system could not |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'The Pasco County Courthouse (constructed in 1909) is a historic site in Dade City, Florida, located at 37918 Meridian Avenue. It was designed by noted architect Edward Columbus Hosford in the Classical Revival style. On September 20, 2006, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Pasco County Courthouse was constructed the year after 1908.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | The Pasco County Courthouse was constructed the year after 1908. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The Pasco County Courthouse was constructed in 1909. The system was confused by the year. |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Mark Dymond (born 1974, Wimbledon, London) is an English actor of Irish descent. In addition to appearances in films, he is known as Dr. Lorcan O'Brien, a major character in the 2007–2009 seasons of the TV drama series "The Clinic", among other TV shows. He married actress Jo Bourne-Taylor in 2004.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'In the 21st century, Jo Bourne-Taylor marries an actor.' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | In the 21st century, Jo Bourne-Taylor marries an actor. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It is definitely correct as Mark Dymond marries Jo Bourne-Taylor in 2004 |
<BOP> Nigeria was ranked 30th in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) in 2012. Nigeria is the United States' largest trading partner in sub-Saharan Africa and supplies a fifth of its oil (11% of oil imports). It has the seventh-largest trade surplus with the US of any country worldwide. Nigeria is the 50th-largest export market for US goods and the 14th-largest exporter of goods to the US. The United States is the country's largest foreign investor. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected economic growth of 9% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009. The IMF further projects an 8% growth in the Nigerian economy in 2011. <EOP> <BOQ> How much of the US's oil imports come from Nigeria? <EOQ> | How much of the US's oil imports come from Nigeria? | <BOL> 11% <EOL> |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'Marion Mitchell (born 1941 in Seaham, County Durham), better known by her stage name, Janie Jones, was an English singer. She became renowned for holding sex parties at her home during the 1970s, and was jailed for her involvement in 'controlling prostitutes'. She first achieved notoriety in August 1964, when she attended the film premiere of "London in the Raw", wearing a topless dress.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'Marion Mitchell was a singer that was actually imprisoned at one point in her life' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Marion Mitchell was a singer that was actually imprisoned at one point in her life | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It stated in her bio that she was jailed so the statement is correct, the system was probably fooled by the use of a different word |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Fabio Ochoa Vásquez (born May 2, 1957) is a former leading member of the Medellín cocaine trafficking cartel, along with his older brothers Juan David and Jorge Luis. His role briefly made him a billionaire. After serving a brief prison term in Colombia, he was arrested and extradited to the US in 1999 and is serving a 30 year term in US federal prison.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Fabio is not the older brother of Juan David.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | Fabio is not the older brother of Juan David. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Fabio was in the cartel with his older brothers Juan David and Jorge Luis, so he is not the elder one. The model just went by the phrase 'older brother' but assigned it to the wrong one. |
<BOP> Mountains of the Long Range in Newfoundland reach heights of nearly 3,000 ft (900 m). In the Chic-Choc and Notre Dame mountain ranges in Quebec, the higher summits rise to about 4,000 ft (1,200 m) elevation. Isolated peaks and small ranges in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft (300 to 800 m). In Maine several peaks exceed 4,000 ft (1,200 m), including Mount Katahdin at 5,267 feet (1,605 m). In New Hampshire, many summits rise above 5,000 ft (1,500 m), including Mount Washington in the White Mountains at 6,288 ft (1,917 m), Adams at 5,771 ft (1,759 m), Jefferson at 5,712 ft (1,741 m), Monroe at 5,380 ft (1,640 m), Madison at 5,367 ft (1,636 m), Lafayette at 5,249 feet (1,600 m), and Lincoln at 5,089 ft (1,551 m). In the Green Mountains the highest point, Mt. Mansfield, is 4,393 ft (1,339 m) in elevation; others include Killington Peak at 4,226 ft (1,288 m), Camel's Hump at 4,083 ft (1,244 m), Mt. Abraham at 4,006 ft (1,221 m), and a number of other heights exceeding 3,000 ft (900 m). <EOP> <BOQ> How tall are the mountains in Nova Scotia? <EOQ> | How tall are the mountains in Nova Scotia? | <BOL> vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft <EOL> |
<BOP> New Delhi is home to several historic sites and museums. The National Museum which began with an exhibition of Indian art and artefacts at the Royal Academy in London in the winter of 1947–48 was later at the end was shown at the Rashtrapati Bhawan in 1949. Later it was to form a permanent National Museum. On 15 August 1949, the National Museum was formally inaugurated and currently has 200,000 works of art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering over 5,000 years. <EOP> <BOQ> The National Museum began in 1947 with a display of what type of art? <EOQ> | The National Museum began in 1947 with a display of what type of art? | <BOL> Indian art <EOL> |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Diego Cavalieri (born 1 December 1982) is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Fluminense as a goalkeeper in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. He is of Italian ancestry and holds both an Italian and Brazilian passport. He elected to represent Brazil at international level and has thus far made 3 appearances for the national team.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Diego is a Latin American athlete.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | Diego is a Latin American athlete. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Diego is Brazilian which is part of Latin America and he is a footballer which is a type of athlete. I think the system had difficulty because it has trouble identifying synonymous terms. |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'Help ! ''<br>shrieked Sammy , spreading his wings and flying away just in time .<br>Paddy sat down and laughed until his sides ached .<br>`` Come make me another call someday , Sammy ! ''<br>he said .<br>`` And when you do , please bring some real news .<br>I know all about Old Man Coyote .<br>You can tell him for me that when he is planning to catch people he should be careful not to leave footprints to give himself away . ''<br>Sammy did n't reply .<br>He just sneaked off through the Green Forest , looking quite as foolish as he felt .<br>CHAPTER XVI Old Man Coyote is Very Crafty .' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'Sammy told Paddy something he didn't already know.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Sammy told Paddy something he didn't already know. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The context says it was old news because Paddy knew all about Old Man Coyote. |
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