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<BOP> On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office. <EOP> <BOQ> What was the name of the person that attempted to assasinate Napoleon? <EOQ> | What was the name of the person that attempted to assasinate Napoleon? | <BOL> Orsini <EOL> |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'It Takes a Village: And Other Lessons Children Teach Us is a book published in 1996 by First Lady of the United States Hillary Rodham Clinton. In it, Clinton presents her vision for the children of America. She focuses on the impact individuals and groups outside the family have, for better or worse, on a child's well-being, and advocates a society which meets all of a child's needs.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Individuals impact a child' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | Individuals impact a child | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The statement says the book is about impact of individuals on children, but this does not mean they do impact children. |
<BOP> Strasbourg's historic city centre, the Grande Île (Grand Island), was classified a World Heritage site by UNESCO in 1988, the first time such an honour was placed on an entire city centre. Strasbourg is immersed in the Franco-German culture and although violently disputed throughout history, has been a bridge of unity between France and Germany for centuries, especially through the University of Strasbourg, currently the second largest in France, and the coexistence of Catholic and Protestant culture. The largest Islamic place of worship in France, the Strasbourg Grand Mosque, was inaugurated by French Interior Minister Manuel Valls on 27 September 2012. <EOP> <BOQ> When was the Strasbourg Grand Mosque inaugurated? <EOQ> | When was the Strasbourg Grand Mosque inaugurated? | <BOL> 27 September 2012 <EOL> |
<BOP> The Oppidan Houses are named Godolphin House, Jourdelay's, (both built as such c. 1720), Hawtrey House, Durnford House, (the first two built as such by the Provost and Fellows, 1845, when the school was increasing in numbers and needed more centralised control), The Hopgarden, South Lawn, Waynflete, Evans's, Keate House, Warre House, Villiers House, Common Lane House, Penn House, Walpole House, Cotton Hall, Wotton House, Holland House, Mustians, Angelo's, Manor House, Farrer House, Baldwin's Bec, The Timbralls, and Westbury. <EOP> <BOQ> Which two Oppidan Houses are the oldest? <EOQ> | Which two Oppidan Houses are the oldest? | <BOL> Godolphin House, Jourdelay's <EOL> |
<BOP> Herman Goldstine wrote: "One of his remarkable abilities was his power of absolute recall. As far as I could tell, von Neumann was able on once reading a book or article to quote it back verbatim; moreover, he could do it years later without hesitation. He could also translate it at no diminution in speed from its original language into English. On one occasion I tested his ability by asking him to tell me how A Tale of Two Cities started. Whereupon, without any pause, he immediately began to recite the first chapter and continued until asked to stop after about ten or fifteen minutes." Ulam noted that von Neumann's way of thinking might not be visual, but more of an aural one. <EOP> <BOQ> What did Ulam think of von Nuemann's cognitive ability? <EOQ> | What did Ulam think of von Nuemann's cognitive ability? | <BOL> von Neumann's way of thinking might not be visual, but more of an aural one. <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Increased liabilities will add a little to the cost of marine insurance but commercial vessels insured in mutual protection and indemnity associations will probably see no substantive increase in insurance rates because coverage already provided by mutual associations is unlimited.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Unlimited marine insurance has a high cost differential to the price of a policy for individual commercial vessels.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Unlimited marine insurance has a high cost differential to the price of a policy for individual commercial vessels. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The price is not actually listed and can't be compared with the limited evidence. |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Getting Rid of a Cat<br>Tom hated his girlfriend's cat. He decided to get rid of it. He drove it out to a far away park and left it there. Tom acted like it ran away until it showed up again. Tom couldn't believe it found its way back.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'tom was very happy when the cat came back' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | tom was very happy when the cat came back | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} he hated the cat so he wont be happy it coming back |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'The Ferry County Carousel is an operational wooden carousel located three miles (5 km) east of the town of Republic, Washington on the Ferry County Fairgrounds. This carousel features 24 horses in two rows and is fitted with a jumping mechanism. The Ferry County Carousel is one of only seven classic wooden carousels in Washington state and possibly the oldest.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Republic is three miles west of the Ferry County Carousel.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Republic is three miles west of the Ferry County Carousel. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The carousel is three miles east of Republic. The system was confused by the wording. |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'The Auditor General, in his 1997 report, confirmed the importance of habitat restoration; yet this winter the federal government cancelled a mapping and inventory program developed on the coast to standardize essential salmon habitat mapping and inventory services and put displaced fishermen back to work.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The auditor general will get free fish for life.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | The auditor general will get free fish for life. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} There is no knowing if he will get free fish. |
<BOP> Following the breakup of the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I for a brief period, from 1918 to 1920, Armenia was an independent republic. In late 1920, the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army, and in 1922, Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian SFSR of the Soviet Union, later forming the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936 to September 21, 1991). In 1991, Armenia declared independence from the USSR and established the second Republic of Armenia. <EOP> <BOQ> What part of the USSR did Armenia join? <EOQ> | What part of the USSR did Armenia join? | <BOL> the Transcaucasian SFSR <EOL> |
From the information in: <BOP> 'The Demand Institute is a non-profit think tank that focuses on understanding how consumer demand is evolving around the world. The Demand Institute was founded in 2012 by Mark Leiter and Jonathan Spector, and is jointly operated by The Conference Board and Nielsen and is headquartered in New York City.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Demand Institute was founded by two men.' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The Demand Institute was founded by two men. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The statement did not give any information on the gender of the founders, but it's safe to assume that Mark and Jonathan are men's names. |
<BOP> The Umayyad Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الأموية, trans. Al-Khilāfat al-ʾumawiyya) was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: الأمويون, al-ʾUmawiyyūn, or بنو أمية, Banū ʾUmayya, "Sons of Umayya"), hailing from Mecca. The Umayyad family had first come to power under the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644–656), but the Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of Syria, after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in 661 CE/41 AH. Syria remained the Umayyads' main power base thereafter, and Damascus was their capital. The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Caucasus, Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) into the Muslim world. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 15 million km2 (5.79 million square miles), making it the largest empire (in terms of area - not in terms of population) the world had yet seen, and the fifth largest ever to exist. <EOP> <BOQ> How many million square miles was the Umayyad caliphate at its largest size? <EOQ> | How many million square miles was the Umayyad caliphate at its largest size? | <BOL> 5.79 <EOL> |
<BOP> The concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clinging, and is liberated from suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra). To this end, the Buddha recommended viewing things as characterized by the three marks of existence. <EOP> <BOQ> Liberation is know as what? <EOQ> | Liberation is know as what? | <BOL> nirvāṇa <EOL> |
<BOP> The term air defence was probably first used by Britain when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called 'anti-aircraft', abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was sometimes prefixed by 'Light' or 'Heavy' (LAA or HAA) to classify a type of gun or unit. Nicknames for anti-aircraft guns include AA, AAA or triple-A, an abbreviation of anti-aircraft artillery; "ack-ack" (from the spelling alphabet used by the British for voice transmission of "AA"); and archie (a World War I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line "Archibald, certainly not!"). <EOP> <BOQ> Which country probably coined the term air defence? <EOQ> | Which country probably coined the term air defence? | <BOL> Britain <EOL> |
<BOP> The first major extension of New Delhi outside of Lutyens' Delhi came in the 1950s when the Central Public Works Department (CPWD) developed a large area of land southwest of Lutyens' Delhi to create the diplomatic enclave of Chanakyapuri, where land was allotted for embassies, chanceries, high commissions and residences of ambassadors, around wide central vista, Shanti Path. <EOP> <BOQ> What was the name of the enclave created by the Central Public Works Department? <EOQ> | What was the name of the enclave created by the Central Public Works Department? | <BOL> Chanakyapuri <EOL> |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'The Love for Three Oranges, Op. 33, also known by its French language title L'amour des trois oranges (Russian: Любовь к трём апельсинам , "Lyubov' k tryom apel'sinam"), is a satirical opera by Sergei Prokofiev. Its French libretto was based on the Italian play "L'amore delle tre melarance" by Carlo Gozzi. The opera premiered at the Auditorium Theatre in Chicago, Illinois, on 30 December 1921.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'The Love for Three Oranges had its premiere in september' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The Love for Three Oranges had its premiere in september | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} it started in december |
With the premise: <BOP> 'Pool Lesson<br>Kate was at her grandpa's nightclub in the afternoon. She was playing pool with her sister. But they had no idea what they were doing. Their uncle showed them how to play and told them the rules. She decided it was more fun to play her way without the rules.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Kate has met with cathy' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | Kate has met with cathy | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} name not mentioned |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'In the early Olympic games, athletes used to run a mile and then recite a poem. The first poet-in-residence of an English football team, Ian McMillan, remarked that football chants are like huge tribal poems. Generally, though, sport and poetry have never seemed natural companions in human enterprise. Until the New York Mets baseball team suffered in 2007 arguably the worst collapse in Major League Baseball history. To describe the anguish fans felt, The New York Times turned to a poet, Frank Messina. "Nothing was really representing the fan's point of view," Messina told Wikinews reporter David Shankbone in an interview. "There's a lot of hurting people out there who can't express what happened."' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Poetry has been involve din sports for many years.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Poetry has been involve din sports for many years. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It said that it was in the Early Olympics, which was many years ago, as well as in modern times with baseball. So it has to be true that it has been many years. |
<BOP> Puerto Rico has been discussed as a potential 51st state of the United States. In a 2012 status referendum a majority of voters, 54%, expressed dissatisfaction with the current political relationship. In a separate question, 61% of voters supported statehood (excluding the 26% of voters who left this question blank). On December 11, 2012, Puerto Rico's legislature resolved to request that the President and the U.S. Congress act on the results, end the current form of territorial status and begin the process of admitting Puerto Rico to the Union as a state. <EOP> <BOQ> What percentage of voters supported statehood? <EOQ> | What percentage of voters supported statehood? | <BOL> 61% <EOL> |
<BOP> Olin has a network of more than 16,000 alumni worldwide. Over the last several years, the school’s endowment has increased to $213 million (2004) and annual gifts average $12 million per year.[citation needed] Simon Hall was opened in 1986 after a donation from John E. Simon. On May 2, 2014, the $90 million conjoined Knight and Bauer Halls were dedicated, following a $15 million gift from Charles F. Knight and Joanne Knight and a $10 million gift from George and Carol Bauer through the Bauer Foundation. <EOP> <BOQ> When were Knight and Bauer Halls dedicated? <EOQ> | When were Knight and Bauer Halls dedicated? | <BOL> May 2, 2014 <EOL> |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'Flying!<br>Lucy dreamed to fly over the ocean. She took a plane but couldn't feel the wind and was disappointed. She decided to go to the beach and try to do some parasailing. Five hundred feet above the ocean, she felt the wind. She was very happy and spread her arms very wide.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'Lucy is very smart for believing that she could feel the wind while being inside of a plane.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | Lucy is very smart for believing that she could feel the wind while being inside of a plane. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} My statement is definitely incorrect because no one in their mind who thinks that taking a plane would enable them to feel the wind somehow, and someone who does would not be considered as "very smart". I think the system got it wrong because it thinks that intelligence cannot be determined based on a person's belief to feel the wind while being inside of a plane. |
<BOP> The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which is proposed to have developed into mammalian emotion and emotional memory. The mammalian brain invested heavily in olfaction to succeed at night as reptiles slept—one explanation for why olfactory lobes in mammalian brains are proportionally larger than in the reptiles. These odor pathways gradually formed the neural blueprint for what was later to become our limbic brain. <EOP> <BOQ> Why were early mammals active at night? <EOQ> | Why were early mammals active at night? | <BOL> reptiles slept <EOL> |
<BOP> Notwithstanding these technical and commercial successes on the Macintosh platform, their systems remained fairly expensive, making them less competitive in light of the falling costs of components that made IBM PC compatibles cheaper and accelerated their adoption. In 1989, Jean-Louis Gassée had steadfastly refused to lower the profit margins on Mac computers, then there was a component shortage that rocked the exponentially-expanding PC industry that year, forcing Apple USA head Allan Loren to cut prices which dropped Apple's margins. Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance comparable to the significantly costlier Macintosh. Furthermore, Apple had created too many similar models that confused potential buyers; at one point the product lineup was subdivided into Classic, LC, II, Quadra, Performa, and Centris models, with essentially the same computer being sold under a number of different names. <EOP> <BOQ> Who was Allan Loren? <EOQ> | Who was Allan Loren? | <BOL> Apple USA head <EOL> |
<BOP> In Bern, about 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 24,311 or (18.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 24,311 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non-Swiss men and 6.5% were non-Swiss women. <EOP> <BOQ> What percent of the population has completed non-mandatory upper secondary education? <EOQ> | What percent of the population has completed non-mandatory upper secondary education? | <BOL> 39.2% <EOL> |
<BOP> Zinc(I) compounds are rare, and require bulky ligands to stabilize the low oxidation state. Most zinc(I) compounds contain formally the [Zn2]2+ core, which is analogous to the [Hg2]2+ dimeric cation present in mercury(I) compounds. The diamagnetic nature of the ion confirms its dimeric structure. The first zinc(I) compound containing the Zn—Zn bond, (η5-C5Me5)2Zn2, is also the first dimetallocene. The [Zn2]2+ ion rapidly disproportionates into zinc metal and zinc(II), and has only been obtained as a yellow glass formed by cooling a solution of metallic zinc in molten ZnCl2. <EOP> <BOQ> When a solution of metallic zinc is cooled in molten ZnCl2, what is formed? <EOQ> | When a solution of metallic zinc is cooled in molten ZnCl2, what is formed? | <BOL> yellow glass <EOL> |
<BOP> Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries. <EOP> <BOQ> What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production? <EOQ> | What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production? | <BOL> the Netherlands <EOL> |
Given the detailed context: 'The Apple A5X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., introduced at the launch of the third generation iPad on March 7, 2012. It is a high performance variant of the Apple A5; Apple claims it has twice the graphics performance of the A5. It was superseded in the iPhone 5 and 5C by the A6 chip and the fourth generation iPad by the A6X chip.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'The Apple A5X is the smallest SoC ever.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The Apple A5X is the smallest SoC ever. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Context does not state size of chip in relation to other chips. |
<BOP> Chen Qingying, Professor of History and Director of the History Studies Institute under the China Tibetology Research Center in Beijing, writes that the Ming court conferred new official positions on ex-Yuan Tibetan leaders of the Phachu Kargyu and granted them lower-ranking positions. Of the county (zong or dzong) leaders of Neiwo Zong and Renbam Zong, Chen states that when "the Emperor learned the actual situation of the Phachu Kargyu, the Ming court then appointed the main Zong leaders to be senior officers of the Senior Command of Dbus and Gtsang." The official posts that the Ming court established in Tibet, such as senior and junior commanders, offices of Qianhu (in charge of 1,000 households), and offices of Wanhu (in charge of 10,000 households), were all hereditary positions according to Chen, but he asserts that "the succession of some important posts still had to be approved by the emperor," while old imperial mandates had to be returned to the Ming court for renewal. <EOP> <BOQ> How many households were the offices of Qianhu in charge of? <EOQ> | How many households were the offices of Qianhu in charge of? | <BOL> 1,000 households <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Paul Revere ( ; December 21, 1734 O.S.May 10, 1818) was an American silversmith, engraver, early industrialist, and Patriot in the American Revolution. He is best known for his midnight ride to alert the colonial militia in April 1775 to the approach of British forces before the battles of Lexington and Concord, as dramatized in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem, "Paul Revere's Ride" (1861).' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Paul Revere died young.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Paul Revere died young. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Paul Revere died as an old man, not a young adult. |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'The Battle of Maldon is the name given to an Old English poem of uncertain date celebrating the real Battle of Maldon of 991, at which the Anglo-Saxons failed to prevent a Viking invasion. Only 325 lines of the poem are extant; both the beginning and the ending are lost.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The middle part of The Battleof Maldon is missing.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | The middle part of The Battleof Maldon is missing. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} This statement is definitely incorrect because the passage states that only the beginning and the end are lost, so the middle of the poem still exists. |
<BOP> In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers. O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Police Department. Strategies employed by O.W. Wilson included rotating officers from community to community to reduce their vulnerability to corruption, establishing of a non-partisan police board to help govern the police force, a strict merit system for promotions within the department, and an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries to attract professionally qualified officers. During the professionalism era of policing, law enforcement agencies concentrated on dealing with felonies and other serious crime, rather than broader focus on crime prevention. <EOP> <BOQ> How did Wilson recruit more qualified police? <EOQ> | How did Wilson recruit more qualified police? | <BOL> an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries <EOL> |
With the premise: <BOP> 'I agree, and this Court has -- just talking about the judgment of the Congress the 105th Congress in 1998. This is the way the argument that somehow implicitly the initial 1790 copyright statute was saying to people, you get a copyright if you exchange whatever existing rights you have. That simply does not make any sense. There is no language, and it's a relatively late-discovered argument, because it sees its full --' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The 105th Congress was responsible for the 1790 copyright statute' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | The 105th Congress was responsible for the 1790 copyright statute | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The 105th Congress was active in 1998. I think the system got it wrong because I stitched two correct concepts together. |
<BOP> Apple did not develop the iPod software entirely in-house, instead using PortalPlayer's reference platform based on two ARM cores. The platform had rudimentary software running on a commercial microkernel embedded operating system. PortalPlayer had previously been working on an IBM-branded MP3 player with Bluetooth headphones. Apple contracted another company, Pixo, to help design and implement the user interface under the direct supervision of Steve Jobs. As development progressed, Apple continued to refine the software's look and feel. Starting with the iPod Mini, the Chicago font was replaced with Espy Sans. Later iPods switched fonts again to Podium Sans—a font similar to Apple's corporate font, Myriad. iPods with color displays then adopted some Mac OS X themes like Aqua progress bars, and brushed metal meant to evoke a combination lock. In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item). <EOP> <BOQ> What was the name of the font used prior to the release of the iPod Mini? <EOQ> | What was the name of the font used prior to the release of the iPod Mini? | <BOL> Chicago <EOL> |
With the given context: <BOP> 'The Legendary Majik Mijits is an album that was recorded by Steve Marriott and Ronnie Lane when they reformed under the name of "Majik Mijits" in 1981 and gave a one-off concert at the Bridgehouse pub in East London. The lineup included Jim Leverton, Mick Green, Mick Weaver, Dave Hynes and Sam Brown.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Steve Marriott and Ronnie Lane conspired against each other.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | Steve Marriott and Ronnie Lane conspired against each other. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The text does not talk about their relations, so it is neither supported nor refuted. |
<BOP> In 1954, Eisenhower articulated the domino theory in his outlook towards communism in Southeast Asia and also in Central America. He believed that if the communists were allowed to prevail in Vietnam, this would cause a succession of countries to fall to communism, from Laos through Malaysia and Indonesia ultimately to India. Likewise, the fall of Guatemala would end with the fall of neighboring Mexico. That year the loss of North Vietnam to the communists and the rejection of his proposed European Defence Community (EDC) were serious defeats, but he remained optimistic in his opposition to the spread of communism, saying "Long faces don't win wars". As he had threatened the French in their rejection of EDC, he afterwards moved to restore West Germany, as a full NATO partner. <EOP> <BOQ> What country did Eisenhower believe communists would conquer if they took over Guatemala? <EOQ> | What country did Eisenhower believe communists would conquer if they took over Guatemala? | <BOL> Mexico <EOL> |
<BOP> Ali was assassinated in 661 by a Kharijite partisan. Six months later in the same year, in the interest of peace, Hasan ibn Ali, highly regarded for his wisdom and as a peacemaker, and the Second Imam for the Shias, and the grandson of Muhammad, made a peace treaty with Muawiyah I. In the Hasan-Muawiya treaty, Hasan ibn Ali handed over power to Muawiya on the condition that he be just to the people and keep them safe and secure, and after his death he not establish a dynasty. This brought to an end the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs for the Sunnis, and Hasan ibn Ali was also the last Imam for the Shias to be a Caliph. Following this, Mu'awiyah broke the conditions of the agreement and began the Umayyad dynasty, with its capital in Damascus. <EOP> <BOQ> Who killed Ali? <EOQ> | Who killed Ali? | <BOL> Kharijite partisan <EOL> |
<BOP> Maternal factors also play a role in the body’s immune response. At birth, most of the immunoglobulin present is maternal IgG. Because IgM, IgD, IgE and IgA don’t cross the placenta, they are almost undetectable at birth. Some IgA is provided by breast milk. These passively-acquired antibodies can protect the newborn for up to 18 months, but their response is usually short-lived and of low affinity. These antibodies can also produce a negative response. If a child is exposed to the antibody for a particular antigen before being exposed to the antigen itself then the child will produce a dampened response. Passively acquired maternal antibodies can suppress the antibody response to active immunization. Similarly the response of T-cells to vaccination differs in children compared to adults, and vaccines that induce Th1 responses in adults do not readily elicit these same responses in neonates. Between six to nine months after birth, a child’s immune system begins to respond more strongly to glycoproteins, but there is usually no marked improvement in their response to polysaccharides until they are at least one year old. This can be the reason for distinct time frames found in vaccination schedules. <EOP> <BOQ> In babies, what is another element impacting immune response? <EOQ> | In babies, what is another element impacting immune response? | <BOL> Maternal factors <EOL> |
From the information in: <BOP> 'Elia Kazan (born Elias Kazantzoglou September 7, 1909 – September 28, 2003) was a Greek-American director, producer, writer and actor, described by "The New York Times" as "one of the most honored and influential directors in Broadway and Hollywood history".' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Eliz Kazan lived to be 101 years old before she passed away.' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Eliz Kazan lived to be 101 years old before she passed away. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The context specifically gives her date of death, which is prior to being 100. |
With the given context: <BOP> 'The Volkswagen Golf Mk4 (or VW "Typ 1J") is a compact car, the fourth generation of the Volkswagen Golf and the successor to the Volkswagen Golf Mk3. Launched in October 1997, it was the best selling car in Europe in 2001 (though it slipped to second place, behind the Peugeot 206, in 2002).' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'In 2002 the Peugeot 206 was the best selling car in Europe.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | In 2002 the Peugeot 206 was the best selling car in Europe. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Per the passage, the Volkswagen golf slipped to second place behind the Peugeot 206 in 2002. In parenthesis it is stated it slipped behind, the Peugeot, thus making the Peugeot number one. |
<BOP> Since the latewood of a growth ring is usually darker in color than the earlywood, this fact may be used in judging the density, and therefore the hardness and strength of the material. This is particularly the case with coniferous woods. In ring-porous woods the vessels of the early wood not infrequently appear on a finished surface as darker than the denser latewood, though on cross sections of heartwood the reverse is commonly true. Except in the manner just stated the color of wood is no indication of strength. <EOP> <BOQ> What category of trees show this difference greatly? <EOQ> | What category of trees show this difference greatly? | <BOL> coniferous <EOL> |
<BOP> As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slavery in Portugal and in the Portuguese colonies in India; reorganized the army and the navy; restructured the University of Coimbra, and ended discrimination against different Christian sects in Portugal. <EOP> <BOQ> With whose economic success was de Melo impressed with? <EOQ> | With whose economic success was de Melo impressed with? | <BOL> British <EOL> |
<BOP> Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were mostly Greek-speaking, though generally not from Greece itself. The New Testament was written in Greek, and some of its sections (Corinthians, Thessalonians, Philippians, Revelation of St. John of Patmos) attest to the importance of churches in Greece in early Christianity. Nevertheless, much of Greece clung tenaciously to paganism, and ancient Greek religious practices were still in vogue in the late 4th century AD, when they were outlawed by the Roman emperor Theodosius I in 391-392. The last recorded Olympic games were held in 393, and many temples were destroyed or damaged in the century that followed. In Athens and rural areas, paganism is attested well into the sixth century AD and even later. The closure of the Neoplatonic Academy of Athens by the emperor Justinian in 529 is considered by many to mark the end of antiquity, although there is evidence that the Academy continued its activities for some time after that. Some remote areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remained pagan until well into the 10th century AD. <EOP> <BOQ> Paganism was forbidden by what Roman Emperor? <EOQ> | Paganism was forbidden by what Roman Emperor? | <BOL> Theodosius I <EOL> |
<BOP> Alaska is the northernmost and westernmost state in the United States and has the most easterly longitude in the United States because the Aleutian Islands extend into the eastern hemisphere. Alaska is the only non-contiguous U.S. state on continental North America; about 500 miles (800 km) of British Columbia (Canada) separates Alaska from Washington. It is technically part of the continental U.S., but is sometimes not included in colloquial use; Alaska is not part of the contiguous U.S., often called "the Lower 48". The capital city, Juneau, is situated on the mainland of the North American continent but is not connected by road to the rest of the North American highway system. <EOP> <BOQ> What are the contiguous states sometimes called? <EOQ> | What are the contiguous states sometimes called? | <BOL> "the Lower 48" <EOL> |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 New Zealand-American epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson based on the first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Lord of the Rings" (1954–1955). It is the first installment in "The Lord of the Rings series", and was followed by "" (2002) and "" (2003), based on the second and third volumes of "The Lord of the Rings".' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring has acting.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring has acting. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring has a plot. |
With the premise: <BOP> 'Richard Bedford Bennett, 1st Viscount Bennett, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (3 July 1870 – 26 June 1947), was a Canadian politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Canada, in office from 1930 to 1935. He led the Conservative Party from 1927 to 1938.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Richard Bedford Bennett served as the 11th Prime Minister of Canada for five years. He also led the Conservative Party from 1927 to 1938. ' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | Richard Bedford Bennett served as the 11th Prime Minister of Canada for five years. He also led the Conservative Party from 1927 to 1938. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} both statements are true but are in different parts of the paragraph. I also wrote two sentences which may have threw it off. |
Examine the information in <BOP> 'A brown field is an abandoned industrial site that just sits idle in some of our urban centers. And people are willing to invest capital in the brown fields don't want to do so for fear of lawsuit. I think we ought to have federal liability protection, depending upon whether or not standards have been met.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'A brown field was used once for something quite productive' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion. | A brown field was used once for something quite productive | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Industry is productive by nature, system assumes otherwise |
With the given context: <BOP> 'Simon Ambrose was the 2007 winner of the third series of the British version of reality TV show "The Apprentice", in which contestants compete for a £100,000-a-year job working for British business magnate Sir Alan Sugar. He is now Chairman of the London Contemporary Orchestra.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Simon Ambrose was on television prior to her role on the apprentice' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | Simon Ambrose was on television prior to her role on the apprentice | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} There was no data provided that this person was necessarily on the apprentice, but the system seems to think that this was the case |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Milky Way Farm in Giles County, Tennessee, is the former estate of Franklin C. Mars, founder of Mars Candies. The property is named for the company's Milky Way candy bar. During the Great Depression, the estate was the largest employer in the county. The estate is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an historic district; its manor house is now a venue for special events.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'The barn is occassionaly staged for photo shoots.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The barn is occassionaly staged for photo shoots. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The context does not say if there is a barn or what it might be used for. Maybe I'm straying too far into the ridiculous for the AI to keep up. |
<BOP> Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis. As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances. This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted, whereby the League would also from 2010 require at least 8 of the named 25 man squad to be made up of 'home-grown players'. <EOP> <BOQ> How many transfer windows are available each year from the Football Association? <EOQ> | How many transfer windows are available each year from the Football Association? | <BOL> two <EOL> |
<BOP> Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday lives as they grew into adulthood. Yet due to there being no clear definition of how to classify what a child or youth is, there has been little historical documentation of child labour during the colonial period. Due to this lack of documentation, it is hard to determine just how many children were used for what kinds of work before the nineteenth century. The first documentation of child labour in Brazil occurred during the time of indigenous societies and slave labour where it was found that children were forcibly working on tasks that exceeded their emotional and physical limits. Armando Dias, for example, died in November 1913 whilst still very young, a victim of an electric shock when entering the textile industry where he worked. Boys and girls were victims of industrial accidents on a daily basis. <EOP> <BOQ> How did Armando Dias die? <EOQ> | How did Armando Dias die? | <BOL> electric shock <EOL> |
<BOP> In Britain, further experiments in the genre boosted its appeal. House and rave clubs such as Lakota and Cream emerged across Britain, hosting house and dance scene events. The 'chilling out' concept developed in Britain with ambient house albums such as The KLF's Chill Out and Analogue Bubblebath by Aphex Twin. The Godskitchen superclub brand also began in the midst of the early 90's rave scene. After initially hosting small nights in Cambridge and Northampton, the associated events scaled up in Milton Keynes, Birmingham and Leeds. A new indie dance scene also emerged in the 90's. In New York, bands such as Deee-Lite furthered house's international influence. Two distinctive tracks from this era were the Orb's "Little Fluffy Clouds" (with a distinctive vocal sample from Rickie Lee Jones) and the Happy Mondays' "Wrote for Luck" ("WFL") which was transformed into a dance hit by Vince Clarke. <EOP> <BOQ> who transformed happy mondays' "wrote for luck" into a dance hit? <EOQ> | who transformed happy mondays' "wrote for luck" into a dance hit? | <BOL> Vince Clarke <EOL> |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Bianca Gascoigne (born 28 October 1986) is a British glamour model and television personality. She is the daughter of Sheryl Gascoigne, and adopted daughter of Paul Gascoigne, a former footballer. She has a brother Mason and a half-brother Regan Gascoigne. She came sixth in the nineteenth series of Channel 5 reality show "Celebrity Big Brother".' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'She was born the 10th month of the year' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | She was born the 10th month of the year | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The 10th month of the year is October, the month she was born. |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Niamh Wilson ( born March 9, 1997) is a Canadian film and television actress from Oakville, Ontario, known for her role as Corbett in Saw III, reprised in Saw V; the Canadian horror film "The Marsh" (2006); and the title role in the Family Channel series "Debra!"' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Niamh Wilson's 1st title role was in the Family Channel series "Debra"' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | Niamh Wilson's 1st title role was in the Family Channel series "Debra" | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} She played the title role in the Family Channel series "Debra" and other movies but it doesn't state which one was her first title role. |
<BOP> Thousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were killed. On June 23, 1989, Gorbachev removed Rafiq Nishonov as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR and replaced him with Karimov, who went on to lead Uzbekistan as a Soviet Republic and subsequently as an independent state. <EOP> <BOQ> Who was fired from First Secretary position by Gorbachev? <EOQ> | Who was fired from First Secretary position by Gorbachev? | <BOL> Rafiq Nishonov <EOL> |
Examine the information in <BOP> 'The Istanbul University Observatory (Turkish: "İstanbul Üniversitesi Gözlemevi" ) is a ground-based astronomical observatory operated by the Astronomy and Space Sciences Department at Istanbul University's Faculty of Science. Established in 1936, it is situated next to the historic Beyazıt Tower within the main campus of the university at Beyazıt Square in Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'The Istanbul University Observatory was under construction in 1936.' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion. | The Istanbul University Observatory was under construction in 1936. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Without the exact opening date it's impossible to determine if construction was still ongoing in 1936. |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'International Data Group, Inc. (IDG) is a Chinese-owned, American-based media, data and marketing services and venture capital organization. IDG evolved from International Data Corporation (IDC) which was founded in 1964 in Newtonville, Massachusetts, by Patrick Joseph McGovern. IDC provides market research and advisory services and is now a subsidiary of IDG.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'Patrick Joseph McGovern is not Chinese.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | Patrick Joseph McGovern is not Chinese. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} We don't know what nationality he is, American, Chinese, or something else. |
Given the detailed context: 'Kurt Donald Cobain (February 20, 1967 – April 5, 1994) was an American musician, artist, singer, songwriter, guitarist and poet. Born in Aberdeen, Washington, Cobain formed the band Nirvana with Krist Novoselic in 1987 and established it as part of the Seattle music scene and grunge genre. Nirvana's debut album "Bleach" was released on the independent record label Sub Pop in 1989.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Cobain formed Nirvana when he was twenty years old' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Cobain formed Nirvana when he was twenty years old | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Cobain was born in 1967, and Nirvana was formed in 1987. Twenty years exist between these two times making my statement correct. The model might not have been able to tell apart exact numbers |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Fredrik Herman Gade was born at Frogner Manor near Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was a son of United States consul Gerhard Gade (1834–1909) and his American-born wife Helen Allyne. He was a brother of John Allyne Gade, a nephew of Fredrik Georg Gade, Sr and a first cousin of Herman Gerhard Gade and Fredrik Georg Gade, Jr.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Fredrik Herman Gade was a father' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | Fredrik Herman Gade was a father | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It never said anything about him having kids |
From the information in: <BOP> 'Susan "Dee" Haslam is an American businesswoman, and the CEO and executive producer of the RIVR Media Companies. Dee is the owner of the Cleveland Browns, along with her husband, Jimmy Haslam. She is also part of the family ownership group of the Travel Center company Pilot Flying J.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Haslam owns more than the Browns.' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Haslam owns more than the Browns. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Jimmy Haslam also owns a Travel Center. |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'The Mildenhall Treasure is a large hoard of masterpieces of Roman silver tableware from the 4th century AD, and by far the most valuable Roman objects artistically and by weight of bullion in Britain. It was found at West Row, near Mildenhall, Suffolk. It consists of over thirty items and includes the Great Dish weighing over 8kg alone.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'The Great Dish weighs half of the entire Mildenhall Treasure.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The Great Dish weighs half of the entire Mildenhall Treasure. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The article doesn't state how much the entire treasure weighs. |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'To do so requires looking beyond the legislation and the criminal justice system at ways available to our society to deal with problems such as child poverty and child abuse, which are often an underlying cause of youth crime, and to help young people not to make the kind of choices that may lead them to engage in criminal behaviour.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'All youth crime is vandalism.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | All youth crime is vandalism. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} From the context, we do not know specifically what criminal behaviour constitutes youth crime, it could be all, none, or some in regards to vandalism. Therefore, the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. |
Given the detailed context: 'How to drink whiskey<br>Pour " two fingers " of whiskey into a rocks or tulip glass. Rocks glasses, the classic whiskey cup, are short, round glasses made for 12-14 oz or liquid. Tulip glasses are curved wide at the bottom and thinner up top, concentrating the smells near your nose, and are used for more high-class whiskey tastings.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'whiskey has been consumed by bart' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | whiskey has been consumed by bart | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} bart not mentioned |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'The Golden Gate (1986) is the first novel by poet and novelist Vikram Seth. The work is a novel in verse composed of 590 Onegin stanzas (sonnets written in iambic tetrameter, with the rhyme scheme following the "ababccddeffegg" pattern of "Eugene Onegin"). It was inspired by Charles Johnston's translation of Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin".' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Golden Gate was released after 1930.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | The Golden Gate was released after 1930. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The movie was released in 1986 which is after 1930 for sure. I think the system has a hard time grasping the concept of time. |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Someone like You is a 2001 romantic comedy film, based on Laura Zigman's novel "Animal Husbandry" which tells of a heartbroken woman who is looking for the reason she was dumped. The film stars Ashley Judd, Greg Kinnear, Hugh Jackman, Marisa Tomei and Ellen Barkin and was directed by Tony Goldwyn.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Someone like You was not released one year after Y2K' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | Someone like You was not released one year after Y2K | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} system didnot recognize Y2K as meaning the year 2000 |
<BOP> The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions, migrations, and raids by external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland. In 911, the Viking chieftain Rollo (d. c. 931) received permission from the Frankish King Charles the Simple (r. 898–922) to settle in what became Normandy.[Q] The eastern parts of the Frankish kingdoms, especially Germany and Italy, were under continual Magyar assault until the invader's defeat at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955. The breakup of the Abbasid dynasty meant that the Islamic world fragmented into smaller political states, some of which began expanding into Italy and Sicily, as well as over the Pyrenees into the southern parts of the Frankish kingdoms. <EOP> <BOQ> In what region of modern-day France did the Vikings settle? <EOQ> | In what region of modern-day France did the Vikings settle? | <BOL> Normandy <EOL> |
<BOP> The basis of Simpson's unity is color and colonial subjection. His color chart recognizes a spectrum of black, brown and yellow, which at the time had been traditional since the late 19th century. Apart from these was "the great white race", which the moderate Simpson tones down to simply the white race. The great whites were appearing as late as the 1920s works of James Henry Breasted, which were taught as the gospel of ancient history throughout the entire first half of the 20th century. A red wavelength was mainly of interest in America. The eastern question was modified by Simpson to "The Problem of the Nearer East," which had nothing to do with the Ottomans but everything to do with British colonialism. Simpson wrote of the white man: <EOP> <BOQ> In whose works were the great whites appearing? <EOQ> | In whose works were the great whites appearing? | <BOL> James Henry Breasted <EOL> |
<BOP> By 1938 the United States Navy had developed an electromechanical analog computer small enough to use aboard a submarine. This was the Torpedo Data Computer, which used trigonometry to solve the problem of firing a torpedo at a moving target. During World War II similar devices were developed in other countries as well. <EOP> <BOQ> What type of math did the Torpedo Data computer use to fire a torpedo at a moving target? <EOQ> | What type of math did the Torpedo Data computer use to fire a torpedo at a moving target? | <BOL> trigonometry <EOL> |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Charlie Chan in Honolulu is a 1938 American film directed by H. Bruce Humberstone, starring Sidney Toler as the fictional Chinese-American detective Charlie Chan. The film is the first appearance of both Toler as Chan and Victor Sen Yung as "number two son" Jimmy.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Charlie Chan is an American Film starring Charlie Chan.' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Charlie Chan is an American Film starring Charlie Chan. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The statement is incorrect because Charlie Chan is the name of the character, the film actually stars Sidney Toler. The system was most likely confused because the name of the character and starring actor got mixed up. |
<BOP> During August and September 2004, there was an intense focus on events that occurred in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Bush was accused of failing to fulfill his required service in the Texas Air National Guard. However, the focus quickly shifted to the conduct of CBS News after they aired a segment on 60 Minutes Wednesday introducing what became known as the Killian documents. Serious doubts about the documents' authenticity quickly emerged, leading CBS to appoint a review panel that eventually resulted in the firing of the news producer and other significant staffing changes. <EOP> <BOQ> What shifted attention away from the coverage regarding Bush's controvery regarding his required service? <EOQ> | What shifted attention away from the coverage regarding Bush's controvery regarding his required service? | <BOL> a segment on 60 Minutes <EOL> |
<BOP> By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, with a population of 11,000—slightly more than half of them slaves. By 1708, the majority of the colony's population was slaves, and the future state would continue to be a majority of African descent until after the Great Migration of the early 20th century. <EOP> <BOQ> People of African descent were the majority in Charleston until what mass movement? <EOQ> | People of African descent were the majority in Charleston until what mass movement? | <BOL> the Great Migration <EOL> |
<BOP> The British recognised the need for anti-aircraft capability a few weeks before World War I broke out; on 8 July 1914, the New York Times reported that the British government had decided to 'dot the coasts of the British Isles with a series of towers, each armed with two quick-firing guns of special design,' while 'a complete circle of towers' was to be built around 'naval installations' and 'at other especially vulnerable points.' By December 1914 the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR) was manning AA guns and searchlights assembled from various sources at some nine ports. The Royal Garrison Artillery (RGA) was given responsibility for AA defence in the field, using motorised two-gun sections. The first were formally formed in November 1914. Initially they used QF 1-pounder "pom-pom" (a 37 mm version of the Maxim Gun). <EOP> <BOQ> Where did the New York times report say towers with guns should go? <EOQ> | Where did the New York times report say towers with guns should go? | <BOL> the coasts of the British Isles <EOL> |
From the information in: <BOP> 'Crist (Old English for "Christ"), is the title given to a triad of Old English religious poems in the Exeter Book comprising a total of 1664 lines and dealing with Christ's Advent, Ascension and Last Judgment. It was originally thought to be one piece completed by a single author, but the poem is now broken up into three parts:' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Crist has an even number of lines.' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Crist has an even number of lines. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Crist has 1664 lines. The system was confused by the number. |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> '"The Candidate" is the 14th episode of the American Broadcasting Company's sixth season of the serial drama television series "Lost" and 117th episode overall. The episode aired on May 4, 2010, on ABC in the United States. The episode was written by Elizabeth Sarnoff and Jim Galasso and directed by Jack Bender. The episode is centered on Jack Shephard and John Locke.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Candidate airs in all countries on May 4, 2010.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | The Candidate airs in all countries on May 4, 2010. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It airs in the United States. |
<BOP> Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during their continuance in office. If a court's judges do not have such attributes, the court may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. Courts exercising the judicial power are called "constitutional courts." <EOP> <BOQ> Who must approve presidential appointees to the Supreme Court? <EOQ> | Who must approve presidential appointees to the Supreme Court? | <BOL> Senate <EOL> |
<BOP> In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically discarded. Some cultures, however, disapprove of such waste. In Nordic countries, hunting for trophies was—and still is—frowned upon. Hunting in North America in the 19th century was done primarily as a way to supplement food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport.[citation needed] The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. In modern times, trophy hunting persists and is a significant industry in some areas.[citation needed] <EOP> <BOQ> What countries frowned upon this hunting? <EOQ> | What countries frowned upon this hunting? | <BOL> Nordic <EOL> |
<BOP> The Sangoma is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family. The training of the Sangoma is called "kwetfwasa". At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing. The diviner is consulted for various reasons, such the cause of sickness or even death. His diagnosis is based on "kubhula", a process of communication, through trance, with the natural superpowers. The Inyanga (a medical and pharmaceutical specialist in western terms) possesses the bone throwing skill ("kushaya ematsambo") used to determine the cause of the sickness. <EOP> <BOQ> What is kushaya ematsambo used for? <EOQ> | What is kushaya ematsambo used for? | <BOL> to determine the cause of the sickness <EOL> |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Imp Kerr (born June 6, 1980, Uppsala, Sweden) is a Swedish-French artist living in New York City, mostly known for her fake American Apparel advertisement campaign. She is The New Inquiry's creative director, and runs the blog The New Shelton Wet/Dry.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Kerr runs more than one blog.' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Kerr runs more than one blog. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The text only mentions one blog that she runs. She may run more but the reader can not be sure from the text. I'm not sure why the system labeled this as correct. |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Why , Buster Bear was running away too , and he was running twice as fast as Farmer Brown 's boy !<br>He bumped into trees and crashed through bushes and jumped over logs , and in almost no time at all he was out of sight .<br>Altogether it was the most surprising thing that the little people of the Green Forest ever had seen .<br>-LSB- Illustration : Buster Bear was running away , too .<br>Page 71 . -RSB-' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The farmer's son did not outpace the bear.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | The farmer's son did not outpace the bear. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} I used the word "outpace" instead of "outran" or "ran faster than" to make it a little trickier for the AI. |
<BOP> The form of the verb varies with person (first, second and third), number (singular and plural), tense (present and past), and mood (indicative, subjunctive and imperative). Old English also sometimes uses compound constructions to express other verbal aspects, the future and the passive voice; in these we see the beginnings of the compound tenses of Modern English. Old English verbs include strong verbs, which form the past tense by altering the root vowel, and weak verbs, which use a suffix such as -de. As in Modern English, and peculiar to the Germanic languages, the verbs formed two great classes: weak (regular), and strong (irregular). Like today, Old English had fewer strong verbs, and many of these have over time decayed into weak forms. Then, as now, dental suffixes indicated the past tense of the weak verbs, as in work and worked. <EOP> <BOQ> What were the three moods that caused verb variation in Old English? <EOQ> | What were the three moods that caused verb variation in Old English? | <BOL> indicative, subjunctive and imperative <EOL> |
<BOP> Bacteria were first observed by the Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676, using a single-lens microscope of his own design. He then published his observations in a series of letters to the Royal Society of London. Bacteria were Leeuwenhoek's most remarkable microscopic discovery. They were just at the limit of what his simple lenses could make out and, in one of the most striking hiatuses in the history of science, no one else would see them again for over a century. Only then were his by-then-largely-forgotten observations of bacteria — as opposed to his famous "animalcules" (spermatozoa) — taken seriously. <EOP> <BOQ> How long did it take for his discovery to be taken seriously? <EOQ> | How long did it take for his discovery to be taken seriously? | <BOL> over a century <EOL> |
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'The Time: Night (Russian: Время ночь ) is a novella by Russian author Lyudmila Petrushevskaya. It was originally published in Russian in the literary journal "Novy Mir" in 1992 and translated into English by Sally Laird in 1994. In 1992 it was shortlisted for the Russian Booker Prize.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The novel "The Time, Night" was published in Russia, and gained American popularity in 1994.' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The novel "The Time, Night" was published in Russia, and gained American popularity in 1994. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} We don't know if the book became popular. |
With the premise: <BOP> 'Children enjoy Laba porridge in a temple in Nanjing, East China's Jiangsu province, Jan. 24, 2018. (Photo: China News Service/ Yang Bo) Eating is a big part of the Spring Festival, and the following photos show some popular snacks in different regions during the Chinese New Year.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Chinese children like Laba porridge, but not really' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | Chinese children like Laba porridge, but not really | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} This contradicts that children like Laba porridge |
From the information in: <BOP> 'There are difficulties about that . ''<br>But difficulties only sharpened the ingenuity of this admirable king .<br>`` The other fellow had a Flying Horse , '' said he .<br>By `` the other fellow '' King Prigio meant an Italian knight , Astolfo , who , in old times , visited the moon , and there found and brought back the common sense of his friend , Orlando , as you may read in the poem of Ariosto .<br>`` Now , '' reasoned King Prigio , `` if there is a Flying Horse at all , he is in the stables of the King of Delhi .<br>I must look into this . ''' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'King Prigio does not know if there is a Flying Horse.' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | King Prigio does not know if there is a Flying Horse. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The king said "if there is a flying horse at all" which means he does not know if there actually is one. |
<BOP> In 2005, Apple faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line and its associated technologies: Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox", while a Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company called Pat-rights filed a suit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology breached a patent issued to inventor Ho Keung Tse. The latter case also includes the online music stores of Sony, RealNetworks, Napster, and Musicmatch as defendants. <EOP> <BOQ> What did the 2005 lawsuits accuse Apple of doing? <EOQ> | What did the 2005 lawsuits accuse Apple of doing? | <BOL> patent infringement <EOL> |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Good is a 2008 drama film based on the stage play of the same name by C. P. Taylor. It stars Viggo Mortensen, Jason Isaacs, and Jodie Whittaker, and was directed by Vicente Amorim. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on 8 September 2008.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'C. P. Taylor knows who Vicente Amorim is.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | C. P. Taylor knows who Vicente Amorim is. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The context doesn't say whether C. P. Taylor knows who Vicente Amorim is, although Amorim knows C. P. Taylor. |
<BOP> The unicameral legislature (the Fono) consists of 49 members serving 5-year terms. Forty-seven are matai title-holders elected from territorial districts by Samoans; the other two are chosen by non-Samoans with no chiefly affiliation on separate electoral rolls. Universal suffrage was adopted in 1990, but only chiefs (matai) may stand for election to the Samoan seats. There are more than 25,000 matais in the country, about 5% of whom are women. The prime minister, chosen by a majority in the Fono, is appointed by the head of state to form a government. The prime minister's choices for the 12 cabinet positions are appointed by the head of state, subject to the continuing confidence of the Fono. <EOP> <BOQ> What position in government is chosen by Fono majority vote? <EOQ> | What position in government is chosen by Fono majority vote? | <BOL> prime minister <EOL> |
Examine the information in <BOP> 'How to use a graphic flight computer to find ground speed and true heading<br>Align the wind direction under the " true index " mark by rotating the azimuth plate. If the winds are from 330 ° at 20 knots, align 330 under the true index. Align the grid so the center grommet is over one of the heavy lines.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'ground speed and true heading can are best found with a graphic flight computer' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion. | ground speed and true heading can are best found with a graphic flight computer | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The context only states it is a way to do measure flight speed, not that is the best. There might be a better method. The system could likely not interpret the use of the word best as meaning the top method. |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Miss Robin Crusoe is a 1954 Eastmancolor adventure film directed by Eugene Frenke, starring Amanda Blake, George Nader and Rosalind Hayes. One of many film variations of "Robinson Crusoe", it features a female castaway. The film was shot on location in Palos Verdes, California.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Eugene is a female' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Eugene is a female | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} We can't say if Eugene is a male or female since the name works for both |
<BOP> The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) compile data from over 17,000 law enforcement agencies across the country. They provide detailed data regarding the volume of crimes to include arrest, clearance (or closing a case), and law enforcement officer information. The UCR focuses its data collection on violent crimes, hate crimes, and property crimes. Created in the 1920s, the UCR system has not proven to be as uniform as its name implies. The UCR data only reflect the most serious offense in the case of connected crimes and has a very restrictive definition of rape. Since about 93% of the data submitted to the FBI is in this format, the UCR stands out as the publication of choice as most states require law enforcement agencies to submit this data. <EOP> <BOQ> Where was the UCR created? <EOQ> | Where was the UCR created? | <BOL> 1920s <EOL> |
<BOP> There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enormous influence over the country's politics, in some ways even greater than that enjoyed by the citizens of modern democratic countries. Between 1652 and 1791, any nobleman could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm (Commonwealth parliament) or sejmik (Commonwealth local parliament) by exercising his individual right of liberum veto (Latin for "I do not allow"), except in the case of a confederated sejm or confederated sejmik. <EOP> <BOQ> What is is called to nullify proceedings? <EOQ> | What is is called to nullify proceedings? | <BOL> liberum veto <EOL> |
<BOP> Anthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant phenolic in white varieties. Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength, is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple grape skin compared to absence of anthocyanins in white grape skin. It is these anthocyanins that are attracting the efforts of scientists to define their properties for human health. Phenolic content of grape skin varies with cultivar, soil composition, climate, geographic origin, and cultivation practices or exposure to diseases, such as fungal infections. <EOP> <BOQ> Why causes antioxidant strength to be higher in purple grapes? <EOQ> | Why causes antioxidant strength to be higher in purple grapes? | <BOL> anthocyanins <EOL> |
<BOP> Women were expected to obey the will of their father, then their husband, and then their adult son in old age. However, it is known from contemporary sources that there were many deviations to this rule, especially in regard to mothers over their sons, and empresses who ordered around and openly humiliated their fathers and brothers. Women were exempt from the annual corvée labor duties, but often engaged in a range of income-earning occupations aside from their domestic chores of cooking and cleaning. <EOP> <BOQ> Which parental figures often avoided the common familial rules? <EOQ> | Which parental figures often avoided the common familial rules? | <BOL> mothers <EOL> |
<BOP> By the end of the month, the Peloponnese was in open revolt against the Ottomans and by October 1821 the Greeks under Theodoros Kolokotronis had captured Tripolitsa. The Peloponnesian revolt was quickly followed by revolts in Crete, Macedonia and Central Greece, which would soon be suppressed. Meanwhile, the makeshift Greek navy was achieving success against the Ottoman navy in the Aegean Sea and prevented Ottoman reinforcements from arriving by sea. In 1822 and 1824 the Turks and Egyptians ravaged the islands, including Chios and Psara, committing wholesale massacres of the population. This had the effect of galvanizing public opinion in western Europe in favor of the Greek rebels.[page needed] <EOP> <BOQ> Turks and Egyptians attacked Greek island in what years? <EOQ> | Turks and Egyptians attacked Greek island in what years? | <BOL> 1822 and 1824 <EOL> |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'Melissa Duck is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Brothers "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" series of cartoons and the animated television series "Baby Looney Tunes". She is featured as main character Daffy Duck's blonde girlfriend in several cartoon shorts but is only referred to as Melissa in one, "The Scarlet Pumpernickel", where she is voiced by Marian Richman.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'Daffy Duck was not voiced by Marian Richman.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Daffy Duck was not voiced by Marian Richman. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Given the context, Marian Richman voiced Melissa Duck, not Daffy. The system might have tripped over the word "not" in the statement. |
<BOP> The moratorium ended on January 17, 1977 with the shooting of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. The first use of the electric chair after the moratorium was the electrocution of John Spenkelink in Florida on May 25, 1979. The first use of the gas chamber after the moratorium was the gassing of Jesse Bishop in Nevada on October 22, 1979. The first use of the gallows after the moratorium was the hanging of Westley Allan Dodd in Washington on January 5, 1993. The first use of lethal injection was on December 7, 1982, when Charles Brooks, Jr., was executed in Texas. <EOP> <BOQ> In what state was Gary Gilmore executed? <EOQ> | In what state was Gary Gilmore executed? | <BOL> Utah <EOL> |
<BOP> Subsequent plans to market a Famicom console in North America featuring a keyboard, cassette data recorder, wireless joystick controller and a special BASIC cartridge under the name "Nintendo Advanced Video System" likewise never materialized. By the beginning of 1985, the Famicom had sold more than 2.5 million units in Japan and Nintendo soon announced plans to release it in North America as the Advanced Video Entertainment System (AVS) that same year. The American video game press was skeptical that the console could have any success in the region, with the March 1985 issue of Electronic Games magazine stating that "the videogame market in America has virtually disappeared" and that "this could be a miscalculation on Nintendo's part." <EOP> <BOQ> How many units of the Famicom were sold in Japan by the beginning of 1985? <EOQ> | How many units of the Famicom were sold in Japan by the beginning of 1985? | <BOL> 2.5 million units <EOL> |
<BOP> After the People's Republic of China took control of Mainland China in 1949, the Republic of China government based in Taiwan continued to control the Dachen Islands off the coast of Zhejiang until 1955, even establishing a rival Zhejiang provincial government there, creating a situation similar to Fujian province today. During the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), Zhejiang was in chaos and disunity, and its economy was stagnant, especially during the high tide (1966–69) of the revolution. The agricultural policy favoring grain production at the expense of industrial and cash crops intensified economic hardships in the province. Mao’s self-reliance policy and the reduction in maritime trade cut off the lifelines of the port cities of Ningbo and Wenzhou. While Mao invested heavily in railroads in interior China, no major railroads were built in South Zhejiang, where transportation remained poor. <EOP> <BOQ> When did the Republic of China control the Dachen Islands until? <EOQ> | When did the Republic of China control the Dachen Islands until? | <BOL> 1955 <EOL> |
From the information in: <BOP> 'SACRAMENTO (AP) _ The winning numbers in Saturday evening”s drawing of the California Lottery”s “Daily Derby” game were: 1st:6 Whirl Win-2nd:2 Lucky Star-3rd:4 Big Ben, Race Time: 1:48.57 (1st: 6 Whirl Win, 2nd: 2 Lucky Star, 3rd: 4 Big Ben; Race Time: one: 48.57) Estimated jackpot: $95,000 ¶ To win the grand prize, ticket-holders must match in exact order the winning race time and the first, second and third place horses. Lesser prizes are given to ticket-holders who correctly match other horses or race times.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Grand prize winners must correctly predict the first three horse race winners' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Grand prize winners must correctly predict the first three horse race winners | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} That’s what the blurb says they have to do |
Examine the information in <BOP> 'Crystal Lake is a census-designated place (CDP) in Polk County, Florida, United States. The population was 5,341 at the 2000 census, an increase from 5,300 in 1990. The 2010 Census reported a population of 5,514. It is part of the Lakeland–Winter Haven Metropolitan Statistical Area.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'The population in Crystal Lake was lower in 1990 than in 1983.' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion. | The population in Crystal Lake was lower in 1990 than in 1983. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It's neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because we don't know what the population was in 1983. I guess the system got confused because of all the dates mentioned in the text, not sure exactly why it couldn't analyze this. |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Andover is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. It was settled in 1642 and later incorporated in 1646. As of the 2010 census, the population was 33,201. It is part of the Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Massachusetts-New Hampshire metropolitan statistical area.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'The town of Andover had a population of 33,201 from 1646 to 2010. ' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | The town of Andover had a population of 33,201 from 1646 to 2010. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} My statement is neither correct nor incorrect because although we know that was the population in 2010, we don't know if it was or wasn't for the years from 1646-2009. The computer thought it was correct because it is just going on the numbers. |
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