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Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Left Hand Spring was a well-known watering stop on the old Chisholm Trail in present-day Blaine County, Oklahoma. The spring was named for "Left Hand", an Arapaho chief. Jesse Chisholm died there in 1868 and is buried nearby. His grave is marked with a granite historical marker.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Left Hand Spring was a well-known watering stop in an Arapaho chief.' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Left Hand Spring was a well-known watering stop in an Arapaho chief. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} I imagine a chief would be rather uncomfortable with a watering hole inside of him. System is unable to accurately determine context, and is instead just looking for matching words and dates. |
Given the detailed context: 'Simon Montagu McBurney, OBE (born 25 August 1957) is an English actor, writer and director. He is the founder and artistic director of the Théâtre de Complicité, London. He has had roles in the films "The Manchurian Candidate", "Friends with Money", "The Golden Compass", "The Duchess", "Robin Hood", "", "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy", "Magic in the Moonlight", "The Theory of Everything" and "".', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'The Théâtre de Complicité opened in 1900' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The Théâtre de Complicité opened in 1900 | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The Théâtre de Complicité was founded by Simon who was born on 25th August 1957 and therefore it cannot be opened before his birth. |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Agustin "Gus" Guerrero, also known as El Gato Negro, is a fictional character and comic book superhero created by Richard Dominguez and published by Azteca Productions. The character made his first appearance in "El Gato Negro" #1 (October 1993) as a major supporting character. Outside of the comic book continuity he is often referred to as "Silver Age El Gato Negro".' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'when not in comic books, Agustin guerrero has a different alias' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | when not in comic books, Agustin guerrero has a different alias | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} statement is correct because he is reffered to a different name outside of comic books. AI was fooled because of the different words and sentence structure |
<BOP> During this early period, it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader. In 1813, for instance, a scholar recounts that the Federalist minority of 36 Members needed a committee of 13 "to represent a party comprising a distinct minority" and "to coordinate the actions of men who were already partisans in the same cause." In 1828, a foreign observer of the House offered this perspective on the absence of formal party leadership on Capitol Hill: <EOP> <BOQ> What would be the purpose of organizing non majority members of the house? <EOQ> | What would be the purpose of organizing non majority members of the house? | <BOL> to represent a party comprising a distinct minority <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Fanny Talbot (née) Browne (1824–1917) was a landowner and philanthropist, and a friend and correspondent of the influential art critic John Ruskin. She is noted for donating the first property—4.5 acres of land known as Cliff of Light ("Dinas Oleu" in Welsh), at Barmouth, Gwynedd—to the National Trust.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Fanny Talbot was born in the Untied Kingdom.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Fanny Talbot was born in the Untied Kingdom. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It doesn't say where she was born. |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Cedrus (common English name cedar) is a genus of coniferous trees in the plant family Pinaceae. They are native to the mountains of the western Himalayas and the Mediterranean region, occurring at altitudes of 1,500–3,200 m in the Himalayas and 1,000–2,200 m in the Mediterranean.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Cedar trees are mostly found at higher altitudes in the Himalayas than in the Mediterranean.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Cedar trees are mostly found at higher altitudes in the Himalayas than in the Mediterranean. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} While they can be found at higher altitudes in the Himalayas, there is nothing to indicate the major distribution of the population being at any given altitude within the range. |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'All Rise for Julian Clary is a British light entertainment game show broadcast on BBC2 from 27 September 1996 to 22 December 1997. The show centres around Julian being a judge in a mock court room, with contestants arguing their case before Judge Julian Clary.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'All Rise for Julian Clary was cancelled due poor ratings.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | All Rise for Julian Clary was cancelled due poor ratings. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} There is no mention why the show ended. The system would have to infer a reason. |
Given the context: <BOP> 'The San Pablo Reservoir is an open cut terminal water storage reservoir owned and operated by the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD). It is located in the valley of San Pablo Creek, north of Orinda, California and south of El Sobrante and Richmond, east of the Berkeley Hills between San Pablo Ridge and Sobrante Ridge.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'The San Pablo Reservoir is man made' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | The San Pablo Reservoir is man made | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It is not stated whether it is man made. |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Tillya tepe, Tillia tepe or Tillā tapa (Persian: طلا تپه ) or (literally "Golden Hill" or "Golden Mound") is an archaeological site in the northern Afghanistan province of Jowzjan near Sheberghan, excavated in 1978 by a Soviet-Afghan team led by the Greek-Russian archaeologist Viktor Sarianidi, a year before the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The hoard is often known as the Bactrian gold.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Viktor Sarianidi had previous experience with excavations.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Viktor Sarianidi had previous experience with excavations. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The context statement doesn't specify whether Viktor Sarianidi was experienced in excavations or not. |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'Ron Waller (born February 14, 1933) was a National Football League running back for the Los Angeles Rams from 1955 through 1958 and for the American Football League's Los Angeles Chargers in 1960. He was the head coach of the NFL's San Diego Chargers for the final six games of the 1973 season, and held the same position with the Philadelphia Bell of the World Football League in 1974.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Ran Waller coach game one of the San Diego Chargers' 1973 season.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | Ran Waller coach game one of the San Diego Chargers' 1973 season. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Reason: He only coached the final 6 games that season. Why: Because he did coach that season, and it's not written that he did not do game one. |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'The Monkey's Mask is an international co-production 2000 thriller film directed by Samantha Lang. It stars Susie Porter and Kelly McGillis. Porter plays a lesbian private detective who falls in love with a suspect (McGillis) in the disappearance of a young woman. The film is based on the verse novel of the same name by Australian poet Dorothy Porter.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Susie Porter's role is not a detective in this film.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | Susie Porter's role is not a detective in this film. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Porter plays a lesbian private detective. |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Boxcar Bertha is a 1972 American romantic crime drama film directed by Martin Scorsese. It is a loose adaptation of "Sister of the Road", a pseudo-autobiographical account of the fictional character Bertha Thompson, written by Ben L. Reitman. It was Scorsese's second feature film.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Martin Scorsese knows Bertha Thompson.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | Martin Scorsese knows Bertha Thompson. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Reason: Bertha is a fictional character. Why: Both names are mentioned. |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Curtis Lee Hanson (March 24, 1945 – September 20, 2016) was an American film director, producer, and screenwriter. His directing work included the psychological thriller "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle" (1992), the neo-noir crime film "L.A. Confidential" (1997), the comedy "Wonder Boys" (2000), the hip hop drama "8 Mile" (2002), and the romantic comedy-drama "In Her Shoes" (2005).' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Curtis Lee Hanson was born in America but this father not.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Curtis Lee Hanson was born in America but this father not. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} We do not know where his father was born. |
<BOP> By the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907, Oklahoma City had surpassed Guthrie, the territorial capital, as the population center and commercial hub of the new state. Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup's 1946 jazz classic, "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66", later made famous by artist Nat King Cole. <EOP> <BOQ> What was the capital of Oklahoma before Oklahoma city? <EOQ> | What was the capital of Oklahoma before Oklahoma city? | <BOL> Guthrie <EOL> |
<BOP> Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain "at little expense." The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education. <EOP> <BOQ> What organization validates degrees received from polytechnic schools? <EOQ> | What organization validates degrees received from polytechnic schools? | <BOL> the UK Council for National Academic Awards <EOL> |
<BOP> The term biological diversity was used first by wildlife scientist and conservationist Raymond F. Dasmann in the year 1968 lay book A Different Kind of Country advocating conservation. The term was widely adopted only after more than a decade, when in the 1980s it came into common usage in science and environmental policy. Thomas Lovejoy, in the foreword to the book Conservation Biology, introduced the term to the scientific community. Until then the term "natural diversity" was common, introduced by The Science Division of The Nature Conservancy in an important 1975 study, "The Preservation of Natural Diversity." By the early 1980s TNC's Science program and its head, Robert E. Jenkins, Lovejoy and other leading conservation scientists at the time in America advocated the use of the term "biological diversity". <EOP> <BOQ> Which scientist first used the term biological diversity? <EOQ> | Which scientist first used the term biological diversity? | <BOL> Raymond F. Dasmann <EOL> |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He also derived the transformation equations underpinning Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The theoretical explanation is named for Zeeman' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | The theoretical explanation is named for Zeeman | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} A scientific discovery is always named after the discovering individual. Seeing how the name of the theoretical explanation is called the Zeeman effect it is, obviously, named after Pieter Zeeman. I would guess the model isn't familiar with this bit of information with discovery naming. |
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Since '82 Federal Chancellor (elected by "constructive vote of no confidence" against former Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, Social Democratic Party (SPD); reelected 1983, 1987, 1991 and 1994). This makes Helmut Kohl the longest-serving chancellor of the Federal Republic, passing by Konrad Adenauer, the first chancellor, this October.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Konrad Adenauer was the longest service Chancellor' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Konrad Adenauer was the longest service Chancellor | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Helmut Kohl was the longest-serving Chancellor passing Konrad Adenauer |
From the information in: <BOP> 'Marcellite Wall (née Garner; July 3, 1910 – July 26, 1993) was an American artist and voice actress. She is most remembered as the first regular voice of Minnie Mouse during her time working at Walt Disney Productions and has been partially credited with defining Minnie's personality.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Marcellite Wall talked to Magoo.' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Marcellite Wall talked to Magoo. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Doesn't state she did or not. |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'The Deserve the Future Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures. The tour began on August 9, 2009, and ran until July 30, 2010, after a run of shows in Japan, and visited North America, Europe and Oceania. The tour was in support of the band's debut album.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Deserve the Future Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures. The tour began and ended in summer months' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | The Deserve the Future Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures. The tour began and ended in summer months | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} August and June are. It probably doesn't know what summer is |
<BOP> Napoleon instituted lasting reforms, including higher education, a tax code, road and sewer systems, and established the Banque de France, the first central bank in French history. He negotiated the Concordat of 1801 with the Catholic Church, which sought to reconcile the mostly Catholic population to his regime. It was presented alongside the Organic Articles, which regulated public worship in France. His dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire paved the way to German Unification later in the 19th century. The sale of the Louisiana Territory to the United States doubled the size of the country and was a major event in American history. <EOP> <BOQ> What was the name of the agreement that Napoleon arrived at with the Catholic Church? <EOQ> | What was the name of the agreement that Napoleon arrived at with the Catholic Church? | <BOL> the Concordat of 1801 <EOL> |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'Aubrey Morgan O'Day (born February 11, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter, member of the duo Dumblonde, reality television personality, and a former member of the girl group Danity Kane. Following discord among Danity Kane and with her mentor at the time, P. Diddy, O'Day was fired from the group in 2008, but reunited with them in 2013 before a second disbandment.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'Danity Kane reunited for a third time.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Danity Kane reunited for a third time. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} My statement belonged in the category because it may or may not be true based on the information given. It is possible that they may have reunited and disbanded multiple times since the 2013 date mentioned, without looking it up, one cannot know. It was difficult because it seems to be obviously untrue, and requires supposition of potential futures to think otherwise. |
<BOP> Medieval political philosophy in Europe was heavily influenced by Christian thinking. It had much in common with the Mutazalite Islamic thinking in that the Roman Catholics though subordinating philosophy to theology did not subject reason to revelation but in the case of contradictions, subordinated reason to faith as the Asharite of Islam. The Scholastics by combining the philosophy of Aristotle with the Christianity of St. Augustine emphasized the potential harmony inherent in reason and revelation. Perhaps the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe was St. Thomas Aquinas who helped reintroduce Aristotle's works, which had only been transmitted to Catholic Europe through Muslim Spain, along with the commentaries of Averroes. Aquinas's use of them set the agenda, for scholastic political philosophy dominated European thought for centuries even unto the Renaissance. <EOP> <BOQ> Who was the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe? <EOQ> | Who was the most influential political philosopher of medieval Europe? | <BOL> St. Thomas Aquinas <EOL> |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'The Apple A6X is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., introduced at the launch of the fourth generation iPad on October 23, 2012. It is a high-performance variant of the Apple A6. Apple claims the A6X has twice the CPU performance and up to twice the graphics performance of its predecessor, the Apple A5X.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Apple A6 was created before the Apple A6X.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | The Apple A6 was created before the Apple A6X. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Since the Apple A6X was a variant of the Apple A6, the Apple A6 had to be created first in order for a variant of it to be made. The system did not understand that the Apple A6 would have to exist first or a variant could not come from it. |
With the premise: <BOP> 'Mohamed al-Sumaidaie, Iraq's ambassador to the United Nations, accused U.S. marines of murdering his cousin's 21-year-old son, Mohammed Sumaidaie, who was studying engineering at the University of Technology in Baghdad. "All indications point to a killing of an unarmed innocent civilian - a cold-blooded murder," said Sumaidaie. "The Marines were smiling at each other as they were leaving.".' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The killing was justified.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | The killing was justified. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The killing was of an innocent person. |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> '"Make America Great Again", abbreviated to MAGA, is a campaign slogan used in American politics that was popularized by President Donald Trump in his 2016 presidential campaign. President Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let's Make America Great Again" in his 1980 presidential campaign.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'President Ronald Reagan used Donald Trump's slogan in his presidential campaign.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | President Ronald Reagan used Donald Trump's slogan in his presidential campaign. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Trump used Reagan's slogan, not the other way around. I think the system didn't establish the direction of causality. |
<BOP> In February 2015, YouTube announced the launch of a new app specifically for use by children visiting the site, called YouTube Kids. It allows parental controls and restrictions on who can upload content, and is available for both Android and iOS devices. Later on August 26, 2015, YouTube Gaming was launched, a platform for video gaming enthusiasts intended to compete with Twitch.tv. 2015 also saw the announcement of a premium YouTube service titled YouTube Red, which provides users with both ad-free content as well as the ability to download videos among other features. <EOP> <BOQ> On what OS was the YouTube Kids app available? <EOQ> | On what OS was the YouTube Kids app available? | <BOL> both Android and iOS <EOL> |
<BOP> In Norway, students having seen celebrations in Paris introduced Carnival processions, masked balls and Carnival balls to Christiana in the 1840s and 1850s. From 1863, the artist federation kunstnerforeningen held annual Carnival balls in the old Freemasons lodge, which inspired Johan Svendsens compositions "Norsk Kunstnerkarneval" and "Karneval in Paris". The following year, Svendsens Festpolonaise was written for the opening procession. Edvard Grieg attended and wrote "aus dem Karneval" (folkelivsbilleder Op. 19). Since 1988, the student organization Tårnseilerne has produced annual masquerade balls in Oslo, with masks, costumes and processions after attending an opera performance. The Carnival season also includes Fastelavens søndag (with cream buns) and fastelavensris with decorated branches. <EOP> <BOQ> Where did the artist federation hold their annual balls? <EOQ> | Where did the artist federation hold their annual balls? | <BOL> in the old Freemasons lodge <EOL> |
With the premise: <BOP> 'The resignation came amid recent allegations by Massachusetts' attorney general that the Boston archdiocese engaged in "an elaborate scheme" to keep quiet the issue of child sexual abuse by priests.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'the Massachusetts' attorney general accused priests of sexually abusing priests.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | the Massachusetts' attorney general accused priests of sexually abusing priests. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} They were accused of abusing children not other priests. |
<BOP> American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won. Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition. It won the People's Choice Award, which honors the popular culture of the previous year as voted by the public, for favorite competition/reality show in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012. It won the first Critics' Choice Television Award in 2011 for Best Reality Competition. <EOP> <BOQ> What director win an Emmy Award for his work on American Idol? <EOQ> | What director win an Emmy Award for his work on American Idol? | <BOL> Bruce Gower <EOL> |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Franco Zeffirelli, KBE Grande Ufficiale OMRI (] ; born 12 February 1923) is an Italian director and producer of operas, films and television. He is also a former senator (1994–2001) for the Italian centre-right "Forza Italia" party. Recently, Italian researchers have found that he is one of the few distant relatives of Leonardo da Vinci.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Franco Zeffirelli only worked as a director and producer.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Franco Zeffirelli only worked as a director and producer. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} We know he wasn't only a director and producer, but also a senator. 'Only' seems to be a hard word for the AI to correctly figure out. |
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'How to identify and care for lionhead goldfish<br>Check the fish you are preparing to buy, or if it is already in your tank, observe it. Lionhead goldfish have the following as physical traits : [substeps] Lionhead goldfish completely lack a stabilizing dorsal fin. If your fish has a dorsal fin, it is most certainly not a lionhead.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Lionheads are just one color, orange.' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Lionheads are just one color, orange. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The article makes no mention of color. |
<BOP> The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools included Woodlands Boys School in Coventry (opened in 1954) and Tividale Comprehensive School in Tipton. <EOP> <BOQ> Which comprehensive school openend in coventry? <EOQ> | Which comprehensive school openend in coventry? | <BOL> Woodlands Boys School <EOL> |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Bal Harbour Shops is an upscale, open-air shopping mall in Bal Harbour, a wealthy suburb of Miami Beach, Florida, known internationally for its luxury retail. Bal Harbour Shops is owned by the Whitman family and is one of the few remaining family-owned malls in the nation.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'The Whitman family owns many malls across the country.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The Whitman family owns many malls across the country. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The Whitman family could possibly own more malls across the country. |
<BOP> Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneiform writing system is the oldest (or second oldest after the Egyptian hieroglyphs) which has been deciphered (the status of even older inscriptions such as the Jiahu symbols and Tartaria tablets is controversial). The Sumerians were among the first astronomers, mapping the stars into sets of constellations, many of which survived in the zodiac and were also recognized by the ancient Greeks. They were also aware of the five planets that are easily visible to the naked eye. <EOP> <BOQ> The writing system of the Sumerian's is the second oldest to have what done to it? <EOQ> | The writing system of the Sumerian's is the second oldest to have what done to it? | <BOL> been deciphered <EOL> |
<BOP> Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants. Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born. The complete set of these studies' demographic projections postulates the near-complete assimilation of a given Hispanophone immigrant cohort within two generations. Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population. <EOP> <BOQ> Are there studies on Hispanic-American language? <EOQ> | Are there studies on Hispanic-American language? | <BOL> Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project <EOL> |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'How to activate microsoft office on pc or mac<br>Open start wh. Performance. Clearmarks (' image1 _ rendered'); wh. Performance. Mark (' image1 _ rendered');. It's the button with the windows logo in the lower-left corner of the taskbar. Click an office product.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'This skill isn't needed.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | This skill isn't needed. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It isn't known if this is needed. |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'If the hon. gentleman took the time to read the article, he would find quotes from me talking about the minister of heritage who last week publicly said that if there are meaningful amendments while preserving the very essence of the bill, that she is open to hearing them from the committee.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'I am a gentleman' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | I am a gentleman | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} I might be a woman |
<BOP> "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean. They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS). <EOP> <BOQ> With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar? <EOQ> | With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar? | <BOL> Gregorian calendar <EOL> |
<BOP> Lighting fixtures come in a wide variety of styles for various functions. The most important functions are as a holder for the light source, to provide directed light and to avoid visual glare. Some are very plain and functional, while some are pieces of art in themselves. Nearly any material can be used, so long as it can tolerate the excess heat and is in keeping with safety codes. <EOP> <BOQ> Functioning as holder a light fixture can provide directed light and avoid? <EOQ> | Functioning as holder a light fixture can provide directed light and avoid? | <BOL> visual glare <EOL> |
With the premise: <BOP> 'Arromanches-les-Bains or simply Arromanches is a town in Normandy, France, located on the coast in the heart of the area where the Normandy landings took place on D-Day, on June 6, 1944.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Arromanches-les-Bains is where William the Conqueror planned his invasion of England.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | Arromanches-les-Bains is where William the Conqueror planned his invasion of England. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} From the context, we do not know whether or not Arromanches-les-Bains is where William the Conqueror planned his invasion of England, therefore the statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. |
<BOP> However questions still remain, as some of the corrupt government officials have still not been brought to justice, while the many families who lost their only child, are still seeking compensation and justice to what had happened. According to the Times, many parents were warned by the government not to stage a protest under the threat of arrest. <EOP> <BOQ> Who is still looking for compensation and justice? <EOQ> | Who is still looking for compensation and justice? | <BOL> many families <EOL> |
<BOP> Carnival means weeks of events that bring colourfully decorated floats, contagiously throbbing music, luxuriously costumed groups of celebrants of all ages, King and Queen elections, electrifying jump-ups and torchlight parades, the Jouvert morning: the Children's Parades and finally the Grand Parade. Aruba's biggest celebration is a month-long affair consisting of festive "jump-ups" (street parades), spectacular parades and creative contests. Music and flamboyant costumes play a central role, from the Queen elections to the Grand Parade. Street parades continue in various districts throughout the month, with brass band, steel drum and roadmarch tunes. On the evening before Lent, Carnival ends with the symbolic burning of King Momo. <EOP> <BOQ> When is King Mom symbolically burnt? <EOQ> | When is King Mom symbolically burnt? | <BOL> On the evening before Lent <EOL> |
Examine the information in <BOP> '"I Love Rock 'n' Roll" is a rock song written in 1975 by Alan Merrill of the Arrows, who recorded the first released version. The song was later made famous by Joan Jett & the Blackhearts in 1982. Alan Merrill has played the song live in Europe, Japan and most often in his home town New York City.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'Joan Jett & the Blackhearts wrote and released the song "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" in 1982, which Alan Merrill later covered in Europe and Japan' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion. | Joan Jett & the Blackhearts wrote and released the song "I Love Rock 'n' Roll" in 1982, which Alan Merrill later covered in Europe and Japan | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The context says that Alan Merrill wrote the song and Joan Jett and the Blackhearts were the ones who covered it. The system was probably thrown off because some details were correct and also confused by dates perhaps. |
Given the detailed context: 'The Trade Unions International of Transport Workers is a trade unions international of workers in the transport industry affiliated with the World Federation of Trade Unions. It was formerly known as the Trade Unions International of Transport, Port and Fishery Workers.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'The Trade Unions International of Transport, Port and Fishery Worker changed their name.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The Trade Unions International of Transport, Port and Fishery Worker changed their name. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} They changed it to The Trade Unions International of Transport Workers. |
<BOP> Rugby league is mostly played by Samoans living in New Zealand and Australia,[citation needed] with Samoa reaching the quarter finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup made of players playing in the NRL, Super League and domestic players. Many Samoans and New Zealanders or Australians of Samoan descent play in the Super League and National Leagues in Britain. Francis Meli, Ta'ane Lavulavu of Workington Town, Maurie Fa'asavalu of St Helens and David Fatialofa of Whitehaven and Setima Sa who signed with London Irish rugby club. Other noteworthy players from NZ and Australia have represented the Samoan National team. The 2011 domestic Samoan rugby league competition contained 10 teams with plans to expand to 12 in 2012. <EOP> <BOQ> What rugby club did Maurie Fa'asavalu play for? <EOQ> | What rugby club did Maurie Fa'asavalu play for? | <BOL> St Helens <EOL> |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Adriano Correia Claro (born 26 October 1984), known simply as Adriano, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Turkish club Beşiktaş JK. One of few players in professional football who are genuinely ambidextrous, he is capable of playing as a defender or midfielder, on both sides of the pitch.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Adriano Correia Claro is the only player in football who is ambidextrous and plays defender.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Adriano Correia Claro is the only player in football who is ambidextrous and plays defender. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} I think I fooled the system by saying that he is the only player who is ambidextrous and plays defender, when in actuality he is one of few and has several other skills. |
<BOP> The word asphalt is derived from the late Middle English, in turn from French asphalte, based on Late Latin asphalton, asphaltum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, ásphalton), a word meaning "asphalt/bitumen/pitch", which perhaps derives from ἀ-, "without" and σφάλλω (sfallō), "make fall". Note that in French, the term asphalte is used for naturally occurring bitumen-soaked limestone deposits, and for specialised manufactured products with fewer voids or greater bitumen content than the "asphaltic concrete" used to pave roads. It is a significant fact that the first use of asphalt by the ancients was in the nature of a cement for securing or joining together various objects, and it thus seems likely that the name itself was expressive of this application. Specifically Herodotus mentioned that bitumen was brought to Babylon to build its gigantic fortification wall. From the Greek, the word passed into late Latin, and thence into French (asphalte) and English ("asphaltum" and "asphalt"). <EOP> <BOQ> To construct what feature was asphalt brought to Babylon? <EOQ> | To construct what feature was asphalt brought to Babylon? | <BOL> wall <EOL> |
<BOP> There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris. The Sorbonne Library in the 5th arrondissement is the largest university library in Paris. In addition to the Sorbonne location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques. Other academic libraries include Interuniversity Pharmaceutical Library, Leonardo da Vinci University Library, Paris School of Mines Library, and the René Descartes University Library. <EOP> <BOQ> Outside of France, where are the other three branches of the Sorbonne library located? <EOQ> | Outside of France, where are the other three branches of the Sorbonne library located? | <BOL> Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques <EOL> |
<BOP> The majority of the citizens of the Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practises some religion, with three-quarters of the country either following the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God. <EOP> <BOQ> Of what language group is the Marshallese language? <EOQ> | Of what language group is the Marshallese language? | <BOL> Malayo-Polynesian <EOL> |
<BOP> Epigenetics is the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in the underlying DNA sequence but cause the organism's genes to behave (or "express themselves") differently. One example of epigenetic change is the marking of the genes by DNA methylation which determines whether they will be expressed or not. Gene expression can also be controlled by repressor proteins that attach to silencer regions of the DNA and prevent that region of the DNA code from being expressed. Epigenetic marks may be added or removed from the DNA during programmed stages of development of the plant, and are responsible, for example, for the differences between anthers, petals and normal leaves, despite the fact that they all have the same underlying genetic code. Epigenetic changes may be temporary or may remain through successive cell divisions for the remainder of the cell's life. Some epigenetic changes have been shown to be heritable, while others are reset in the germ cells. <EOP> <BOQ> What does epigenetics study? <EOQ> | What does epigenetics study? | <BOL> changes in gene function <EOL> |
With the given context: <BOP> 'Mr. Speaker, the second petition deals with concerns about child pornography, specifically in British Columbia, and the fact that the B.C. Court of Appeal has struck down subsection 163(1)(4) of the criminal code that makes possession of child pornography a criminal offence and that the court decision is therefore placing children in British Columbia at risk.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Subsection 163(1)(4) of the criminal code in British Columbia does not deem possession of child pornography as a criminal offence' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | Subsection 163(1)(4) of the criminal code in British Columbia does not deem possession of child pornography as a criminal offence | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} This is incorrect because subsection 163(1)(4) does indeed deem possession of child pornography as a criminal offence. |
<BOP> Washington University School of Law offers joint-degree programs with the Olin Business School, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the School of Social Work. It also offers an LLM in Intellectual Property and Technology Law, an LLM in Taxation, an LLM in US Law for Foreign Lawyers, a Master of Juridical Studies (MJS), and a Juris Scientiae Doctoris (JSD). The law school offers 3 semesters of courses in the Spring, Summer, and Fall, and requires at least 85 hours of coursework for the JD. <EOP> <BOQ> How many hours of coursework are required to obtain a JD at the Washington University School of Law? <EOQ> | How many hours of coursework are required to obtain a JD at the Washington University School of Law? | <BOL> 85 hours <EOL> |
<BOP> Spielberg has filmed and is currently in post-production on an adaptation of Roald Dahl's celebrated children's story The BFG. Spielberg's DreamWorks bought the rights in 2010, originally intending John Madden to direct. The film was written by E.T. screenwriter Melissa Mathison and is co-produced by Walt Disney Pictures, marking the first Disney-branded film to be directed by Spielberg. The BFG is set to premiere out of competition at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2016, before its wide release in the US on July 1, 2016. <EOP> <BOQ> Who wrote 'The BFG'? <EOQ> | Who wrote 'The BFG'? | <BOL> Roald Dahl <EOL> |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'The fact is that he did not choose to go to war as a last result. And America now is paying, already $120 billion, up to $200 billion before we're finished and much more probably. And that is the result of this president taking his eye off of Osama bin Laden.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'They were successful in their war.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | They were successful in their war. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It isn't known if it was successful. |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'How to recognize hives (rash )<br>Detect itchy or stinging skin spots. Hives may begin as an itchy or stinging area on your skin. If you begin to notice itching, stinging or pain on any parts of your skin with or without a specific cause, it may be hives and you could develop welts.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Hives can cause the skin to welt up and become painful to touch.' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Hives can cause the skin to welt up and become painful to touch. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} If not treated quickly, hives can lead to welts and does cause pain and discomfort to the site. |
<BOP> Following a headlining set at Coachella 2011 that was described by The Hollywood Reporter as "one of greatest hip-hop sets of all time", West released the collaborative album Watch the Throne with Jay-Z. By employing a sales strategy that released the album digitally weeks before its physical counterpart, Watch the Throne became one of the few major label albums in the Internet age to avoid a leak. "Niggas in Paris" became the record's highest charting single, peaking at number five on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2012, West released the compilation album Cruel Summer, a collection of tracks by artists from West's record label GOOD Music. Cruel Summer produced four singles, two of which charted within the top twenty of the Hot 100: "Mercy" and "Clique". West also directed a film of the same name that premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival in custom pyramid-shaped screening pavilion featuring seven screens. <EOP> <BOQ> With what other hiphop artist did Kanye collaborate with? <EOQ> | With what other hiphop artist did Kanye collaborate with? | <BOL> Jay-Z <EOL> |
Given the detailed context: 'John Wellborn Root (January 10, 1850 – January 15, 1891) was an American architect who was based in Chicago with Daniel Burnham. He was one of the founders of the Chicago School style. Two of his buildings have been designated a National Historic Landmark; others have been designated Chicago landmarks and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1958, he received the AIA Gold Medal.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'John Wellborn Root was awarded the AIA Gold Medal posthumously.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | John Wellborn Root was awarded the AIA Gold Medal posthumously. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} My statement is definitely correct because John Wellborn Root died in 1891, but received the AIA Gold Medal in 1958. He was not alive when he won. |
With the premise: <BOP> 'In ethology and cognitive ethology, the hawk/goose effect refers to a behavior observed in some young birds when another bird flies above them: if the flying bird is a goose, the young birds show no reaction, but if the flying bird is a hawk, the young birds either become more agitated or cower to reduce the danger. It was first observed by Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'It was observed that the reaction a young bird produces when a goose flies over it does not indicate any sign of anxiety or agitation.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | It was observed that the reaction a young bird produces when a goose flies over it does not indicate any sign of anxiety or agitation. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The statement is indeed correct, because a young bird does not show any reaction when a goose flies over it, implying that the young bird does not in fact show any sign of anxiety or agitation. |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Elmhurst is a residential neighborhood in the southernmost part of Oakland, California. Originally a separate town, it was annexed by Oakland in 1909, and today is considered part of East Oakland. It lies at an elevation of 39 feet (12 m). It contains the Eastmont Town Center.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Elmhurst is a small town in Oakland, California.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Elmhurst is a small town in Oakland, California. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Elmhurst is a residential neighborhood and not a small town. |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Pan de Peace! (パンでPeace! , Pan de Pīsu , lit. "Peace Through Bread!") is a Japanese four-panel manga series by Emily. It is serialized in Kadokawa Corporation / Media Factory's manga magazine "Comic Cune". An anime television series adaptation by Asahi Production aired in Japan between April and June 2016.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'An anime television series adaptation by Asahi Production aired in Japan the year after 2014.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | An anime television series adaptation by Asahi Production aired in Japan the year after 2014. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} An anime television series adaptation by Asahi Production aired in Japan in 2016. The system was confused by the year. |
<BOP> The final showdown was between Justin Guarini, one of the early favorites, and Kelly Clarkson. Clarkson was not initially thought of as a contender, but impressed the judges with some good performances in the final rounds, such as her performance of Aretha Franklin's "Natural Woman", and Betty Hutton's "Stuff Like That There", and eventually won the crown on September 4, 2002. <EOP> <BOQ> Who won the first season of American Idol? <EOQ> | Who won the first season of American Idol? | <BOL> Kelly Clarkson <EOL> |
<BOP> After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops. During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865. As the Confederate cavalry retreated west, the Union soldiers followed, leading to the nearby Battle of Morrisville. The city was spared significant destruction during the War, but due to the economic problems of the post-war period and Reconstruction, with a state economy based on agriculture, it grew little over the next several decades. <EOP> <BOQ> What was Raleigh captured by in the Civil War? <EOQ> | What was Raleigh captured by in the Civil War? | <BOL> Union cavalry <EOL> |
<BOP> Even so, the decision by OKL to support the strategy in Directive 23 was instigated by two considerations, both of which had little to do with wanting to destroy Britain's sea communications in conjunction with the Kriegsmarine. First, the difficulty in estimating the impact of bombing upon war production was becoming apparent, and second, the conclusion British morale was unlikely to break led OKL to adopt the naval option. The indifference displayed by OKL to Directive 23 was perhaps best demonstrated in operational directives which diluted its effect. They emphasised the core strategic interest was attacking ports but they insisted in maintaining pressure, or diverting strength, onto industries building aircraft, anti-aircraft guns, and explosives. Other targets would be considered if the primary ones could not be attacked because of weather conditions. <EOP> <BOQ> What did the OKL insist on maintaining? <EOQ> | What did the OKL insist on maintaining? | <BOL> pressure, or diverting strength, onto industries <EOL> |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'William Thomas Harris (December 3, 1931 – May 28, 2011) was a Canadian pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Brooklyn and the Los Angeles Dodgers teams. Listed at 5 ft , 187 lb , Harris batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Born in Duguayville, New Brunswick, he attended Dorchester School.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'William Thomas Harris only speaks English' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | William Thomas Harris only speaks English | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} my statement is neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect because although he is part of an american baseball team, he was born in Canada where oftentimes french is also spoken. I think it was difficult for the system because the word "English" was in my statement which the system did not pick up in the context, so it assumed it was incorrect and not part of the context. |
<BOP> French political scientist Maurice Duverger drew a distinction between cadre parties and mass parties. Cadre parties were political elites that were concerned with contesting elections and restricted the influence of outsiders, who were only required to assist in election campaigns. Mass parties tried to recruit new members who were a source of party income and were often expected to spread party ideology as well as assist in elections.Socialist parties are examples of mass parties, while the British Conservative Party and the German Christian Democratic Union are examples of hybrid parties. In the United States, where both major parties were cadre parties, the introduction of primaries and other reforms has transformed them so that power is held by activists who compete over influence and nomination of candidates. <EOP> <BOQ> Who drew a difference between cadre parties and mass parties? <EOQ> | Who drew a difference between cadre parties and mass parties? | <BOL> Maurice Duverger <EOL> |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'HMAS "Lonsdale" is a former Royal Australian Navy (RAN) training base that was located at Beach Street, Port Melbourne , Victoria, Australia. Originally named "Cerberus III", the Naval Reserve Base was commissioned as HMAS "Lonsdale" on 1 August 1940 during the Second World War.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Prior to being renamed, Lonsdale was located in Perth, Australia.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | Prior to being renamed, Lonsdale was located in Perth, Australia. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} A naval base cannot be moved - based on the information in the scenario, the base has always been located in Victoria. |
From the information in: <BOP> 'KDRP-LP (103.1 FM) "Sun Radio" is a radio station licensed to Dripping Springs, Texas, United States. The station is currently owned by Principle Broadcasting Foundation and rebroadcasts on 100.1 FM / 1490 AM Austin, 106.9 FM in Fredericksburg, 88.9 FM in Johnson City, 88.1 FM Gonzales, 99.9 FM San Marcos, 104.1 FM Wimberley, and coming soon to Llano and Mason.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The station is currently owned by Principle Broadcasting Foundation and rebroadcasts on 100.1 FM / 1490 AM Austin, 106.9 FM in Fredericksburg, 78.9 FM in Johnson City, 88.1 FM Gonzales, 99.9 FM San Marcos, 104.1 FM Wimberley, and coming soon to Llano and Mason.' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The station is currently owned by Principle Broadcasting Foundation and rebroadcasts on 100.1 FM / 1490 AM Austin, 106.9 FM in Fredericksburg, 78.9 FM in Johnson City, 88.1 FM Gonzales, 99.9 FM San Marcos, 104.1 FM Wimberley, and coming soon to Llano and Mason. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} I gave the AI a huge amount of information by rewriting the information verbatim and changing one digit in one of the rebroadcasts. |
<BOP> A Turco-Mongol conqueror in Central Asia, Timur (Tamerlane), attacked the reigning Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud of the Tughlaq Dynasty in the north Indian city of Delhi. The Sultan's army was defeated on 17 December 1398. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, after Timur's army had killed and plundered for three days and nights. He ordered the whole city to be sacked except for the sayyids, scholars, and the "other Muslims" (artists); 100,000 war prisoners were put to death in one day. The Sultanate suffered significantly from the sacking of Delhi revived briefly under the Lodi Dynasty, but it was a shadow of the former. <EOP> <BOQ> On what date did Timur beat the Delhi Sultan? <EOQ> | On what date did Timur beat the Delhi Sultan? | <BOL> 17 December 1398 <EOL> |
<BOP> The 5th Avenue Theatre, built in 1926, stages Broadway-style musical shows featuring both local talent and international stars. Seattle has "around 100" theatrical production companies and over two dozen live theatre venues, many of them associated with fringe theatre; Seattle is probably second only to New York for number of equity theaters (28 Seattle theater companies have some sort of Actors' Equity contract). In addition, the 900-seat Romanesque Revival Town Hall on First Hill hosts numerous cultural events, especially lectures and recitals. <EOP> <BOQ> How many equity theaters does Seattle have? <EOQ> | How many equity theaters does Seattle have? | <BOL> 28 <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Born into Brothels: Calcutta's Red Light Kids is a 2004 Indian-American documentary film about the children of prostitutes in Sonagachi, Kolkata's red light district. The widely acclaimed film, written and directed by Zana Briski and Ross Kauffman, won a string of accolades including the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2004.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Born into Brothels is a widely acclaimed film, written and directed by Ross Briski and Zana Kauffman' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Born into Brothels is a widely acclaimed film, written and directed by Ross Briski and Zana Kauffman | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} the first names are reversed so it is incorrect but all of the words are the same - the AI only recognized the words but not the position of the words. |
<BOP> Mexico City is home to a number of orchestras offering season programs. These include the Mexico City Philharmonic, which performs at the Sala Ollin Yoliztli; the National Symphony Orchestra, whose home base is the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of the Fine Arts), a masterpiece of art nouveau and art decó styles; the Philharmonic Orchestra of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (OFUNAM), and the Minería Symphony Orchestra, both of which perform at the Sala Nezahualcóyotl, which was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere when inaugurated in 1976. There are also many smaller ensembles that enrich the city's musical scene, including the Carlos Chávez Youth Symphony, the New World Orchestra (Orquesta del Nuevo Mundo), the National Polytechnical Symphony and the Bellas Artes Chamber Orchestra (Orquesta de Cámara de Bellas Artes). <EOP> <BOQ> When was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere opened? <EOQ> | When was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere opened? | <BOL> 1976 <EOL> |
<BOP> After the Marzpanate period (428–636), Armenia emerged as the Emirate of Armenia, an autonomous principality within the Arabic Empire, reuniting Armenian lands previously taken by the Byzantine Empire as well. The principality was ruled by the Prince of Armenia, and recognized by the Caliph and the Byzantine Emperor. It was part of the administrative division/emirate Arminiya created by the Arabs, which also included parts of Georgia and Caucasian Albania, and had its center in the Armenian city, Dvin. The Principality of Armenia lasted until 884, when it regained its independence from the weakened Arab Empire under King Ashot I Bagratuni. <EOP> <BOQ> Where was the Principality of Armenia centered? <EOQ> | Where was the Principality of Armenia centered? | <BOL> Dvin <EOL> |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'But Rajeev Dhawan, director of the Economic Forecasting Center at Georgia State University, says the main issue ahead is higher inflation.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The director says inflation needs to be higher.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | The director says inflation needs to be higher. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} He is saying higher inflation is a problem, not that inflation needs to be higher. |
<BOP> By the end of the decade a distinct genre of hard rock was emerging with bands like Led Zeppelin, who mixed the music of early rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock on their first two albums Led Zeppelin (1969) and Led Zeppelin II (1969), and Deep Purple, who began as a progressive rock group but achieved their commercial breakthrough with their fourth and distinctively heavier album, In Rock (1970). Also significant was Black Sabbath's Paranoid (1970), which combined guitar riffs with dissonance and more explicit references to the occult and elements of Gothic horror. All three of these bands have been seen as pivotal in the development of heavy metal, but where metal further accentuated the intensity of the music, with bands like Judas Priest following Sabbath's lead into territory that was often "darker and more menacing", hard rock tended to continue to remain the more exuberant, good-time music. <EOP> <BOQ> What is the title of Black Sabbath's 1970 album? <EOQ> | What is the title of Black Sabbath's 1970 album? | <BOL> Paranoid <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Well, we all make mistakes. I've been known to mangle a syllable or two myself, you know, if you know what I mean. I think credibility is important. It is going to be important for the president to be credible with Congress, important for the president to be credible with foreign nations.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'the speaker does not plan to have never made a mistake' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | the speaker does not plan to have never made a mistake | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} system confused by sentence cadence |
<BOP> The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign by T. H. Huxley and his fellow members of the X Club to secularise science by promoting scientific naturalism. Within two decades there was widespread scientific agreement that evolution, with a branching pattern of common descent, had occurred, but scientists were slow to give natural selection the significance that Darwin thought appropriate. During "the eclipse of Darwinism" from the 1880s to the 1930s, various other mechanisms of evolution were given more credit. With the development of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s, Darwin's concept of evolutionary adaptation through natural selection became central to modern evolutionary theory, and it has now become the unifying concept of the life sciences. <EOP> <BOQ> Who attempted to secularize science during the debate over Darwin's book? <EOQ> | Who attempted to secularize science during the debate over Darwin's book? | <BOL> T. H. Huxley <EOL> |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'The Grand Duel (Italian: "Il Grande duello"), also known as Storm Rider and The Big Showdown, is a 1972 Spaghetti Western film directed by Giancarlo Santi, who had previously worked as Sergio Leone's assistant director on "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly" and "Once Upon a Time in the West". The film stars Lee Van Cleef as a sheriff who seeks justice for a man accused of murder.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'The Grand Duel has action.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The Grand Duel has action. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} westerns have guns firing. |
<BOP> The Bronx's highest elevation at 280 feet (85 m) is in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School. The opposite (southeastern) side of the Bronx has four large low peninsulas or "necks" of low-lying land that jut into the waters of the East River and were once salt marsh: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck. Further up the coastline, Rodman's Neck lies between Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island. The Bronx's irregular shoreline extends for 75 square miles (194 km2). <EOP> <BOQ> Where is the Bronx's highest point? <EOQ> | Where is the Bronx's highest point? | <BOL> in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School <EOL> |
<BOP> When the Archbishop of Canterbury, Hubert Walter, died on 13 July 1205, John became involved in a dispute with Pope Innocent III that would lead to the king's excommunication. The Norman and Angevin kings had traditionally exercised a great deal of power over the church within their territories. From the 1040s onwards, however, successive popes had put forward a reforming message that emphasised the importance of the church being "governed more coherently and more hierarchically from the centre" and established "its own sphere of authority and jurisdiction, separate from and independent of that of the lay ruler", in the words of historian Richard Huscroft. After the 1140s, these principles had been largely accepted within the English church, albeit with an element of concern about centralising authority in Rome. These changes brought the customary rights of lay rulers such as John over ecclesiastical appointments into question. Pope Innocent was, according to historian Ralph Turner, an "ambitious and aggressive" religious leader, insistent on his rights and responsibilities within the church. <EOP> <BOQ> Who said Pope Innocent was an ambitious and aggressive religious leader? <EOQ> | Who said Pope Innocent was an ambitious and aggressive religious leader? | <BOL> historian Ralph Turner <EOL> |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Frederick William Chesson (1833–1888) was an English journalist and prominent anti-slavery campaigner. He was active in the London Aborigines' Protection Society and Emancipation Committee, and met Harriet Ann Jacobs when she was in England in 1858; and was a vocal supporter of the Union side during the American Civil War.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'The writer met Jacobs when he was in his twenties.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The writer met Jacobs when he was in his twenties. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Fredrick William Chesson was born in 1833 and met Harriet Ann Jacobs in 1858 so he would have been in his 20's (approximately 25) when they met. |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'Robert Mills Delaney, sometimes incorrectly spelled Delany (1903-1956) was an American composer. He studied with Nadia Boulanger and Arthur Honegger in Paris, and was best known for his 1928 choral symphony, John Brown's Song, based on Stephen Benet's Pulitzer Prize winning poem "John Brown's Body".' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'Robert Delaney died in the 1960s.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Robert Delaney died in the 1960s. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Delaney died in 1956. |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'Natalie Anne Merchant (born October 26, 1963) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She joined the American alternative/folk rock band 10,000 Maniacs in 1981 and left it to begin her solo career in 1993. She has since released seven studio albums.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'Natalie Anne Merchant is known for drowning kittens.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | Natalie Anne Merchant is known for drowning kittens. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Natalie Anne Merchant has a heart condition. |
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Pro Evolution Soccer 3 (known as World Soccer: Winning Eleven 7 in Japan and World Soccer: Winning Eleven 7 International in North America) is a football video game developed and produced by Konami as part of the "Pro Evolution Soccer" series. It is also the first in the series which was released on Microsoft Windows.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'PES 2 was not allowed on PC' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | PES 2 was not allowed on PC | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} We don't know the reasons in which PES 2 was not allowed on the system. |
<BOP> Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy". <EOP> <BOQ> What was the name of Beyonce's first solo album? <EOQ> | What was the name of Beyonce's first solo album? | <BOL> Dangerously in Love <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'The Castaways Hotel and Casino, formerly the Showboat Hotel and Casino was a hotel and casino located at the north end of the Boulder Strip in Las Vegas, Nevada. The hotel consisted of a 19 story tower containing 445 rooms, a casino and an adjacent RV park. The Castaways hotel was demolished on January 11, 2006 to make way for an unknown project.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'The Castaways Hotel and Casino averages less than 23 rooms per floor.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | The Castaways Hotel and Casino averages less than 23 rooms per floor. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The context statement says the hotel is 19 stories with 445 rooms. This calculates to an average of 23.42 rooms per floor. The statement that the hotel averages less than 23 rooms per floor is definitely incorrect. |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Flamingo is the debut solo studio album by American singer-songwriter and The Killers lead singer Brandon Flowers, released on September 3, 2010 by Island Records. It was recorded at Battle Born Studios in Winchester, Nevada, and Henson Recording Studios in Hollywood, California. The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Armerican signer songwriter Brandon Flowers is lead singer for The Killers. He recorded his debut solo album in Nevada and Skyrim Studios. The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Armerican signer songwriter Brandon Flowers is lead singer for The Killers. He recorded his debut solo album in Nevada and Skyrim Studios. The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The statement is incorrect as it was recorded at Battle Born Studios, not Skyrim Studios. I think the system could not decipher this from the correct information mixed in with the comment. |
<BOP> Islam and Judaism have a complex relationship. Traditionally Jews and Christians living in Muslim lands, known as dhimmis, were allowed to practice their religions and administer their internal affairs, but they were subject to certain conditions. They had to pay the jizya (a per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males) to the Islamic state. Dhimmis had an inferior status under Islamic rule. They had several social and legal disabilities such as prohibitions against bearing arms or giving testimony in courts in cases involving Muslims. Many of the disabilities were highly symbolic. The one described by Bernard Lewis as "most degrading" was the requirement of distinctive clothing, not found in the Quran or hadith but invented in early medieval Baghdad; its enforcement was highly erratic. On the other hand, Jews rarely faced martyrdom or exile, or forced compulsion to change their religion, and they were mostly free in their choice of residence and profession. <EOP> <BOQ> What was the disability described by Bernard Lewis as "most degrading?" <EOQ> | What was the disability described by Bernard Lewis as "most degrading?" | <BOL> requirement of distinctive clothing <EOL> |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'Susan announced that she meant to stay home that morning -- a rare decision for Susan .<br>`` But I would rather not go to church this morning , Mrs. Dr. dear , '' she explained .<br>`` If Whiskers-on-the-moon were there and I saw him looking holy and pleased , as he always looks when he thinks the Huns are winning , I fear I would lose my patience and my sense of decorum and hurl a Bible or hymn-book at him , thereby disgracing myself and the sacred edifice .' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'her attendance to church is normal' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | her attendance to church is normal | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The statement says that her decision to stay home is rare. This means that Susan normally attends church making my statement correct. I think the use of common instead of proper nouns fooled the model. |
From the information in: <BOP> 'Tarawa is an atoll and the capital of the Republic of Kiribati, in the central Pacific Ocean. It comprises North Tarawa, which has much in common with other, more remote islands of the Gilberts group; and South Tarawa, which is home to 50,182 as of 2010 – half of the country's total population. The atoll is best known by outsiders as the site of the Battle of Tarawa during World War II.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Tarawa is in the Northern Hemisphere' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Tarawa is in the Northern Hemisphere | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} does not understand concept of hemispheres |
<BOP> The metal's distinctive natural green patina has long been coveted by architects and designers. The final patina is a particularly durable layer that is highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, thereby protecting the underlying metal against further weathering. It can be a mixture of carbonate and sulfate compounds in various amounts, depending upon environmental conditions such as sulfur-containing acid rain. Architectural copper and its alloys can also be 'finished' to embark a particular look, feel, and/or color. Finishes include mechanical surface treatments, chemical coloring, and coatings. <EOP> <BOQ> What mixture of compounds is the final patina? <EOQ> | What mixture of compounds is the final patina? | <BOL> carbonate and sulfate <EOL> |
<BOP> The song was released as a digital download on 25 September 2015. It received mixed reviews from critics and fans, particularly in comparison to Adele's "Skyfall". The mixed reception to the song led to Shirley Bassey trending on Twitter on the day it was released. It became the first Bond theme to reach number one in the UK Singles Chart. The English band Radiohead also composed a song for the film, which went unused. <EOP> <BOQ> What song was the Spectre theme comapred to unfavorably? <EOQ> | What song was the Spectre theme comapred to unfavorably? | <BOL> Skyfall <EOL> |
<BOP> 83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoya, was elected Anglican Bishop of Swaziland, becoming the first woman to be a bishop in Africa. 15% of the population follows traditional religions; other non-Christian religions practised in the country include Islam (1%), the Bahá'í Faith (0.5%), and Hinduism (0.2%). There are 14 Jewish families. <EOP> <BOQ> What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian? <EOQ> | What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian? | <BOL> 83% <EOL> |
<BOP> According to the Crisis Group, since Myanmar transitioned to a new government in August 2011, the country's human rights record has been improving. Previously giving Myanmar its lowest rating of 7, the 2012 Freedom in the World report also notes improvement, giving Myanmar a 6 for improvements in civil liberties and political rights, the release of political prisoners, and a loosening of restrictions. In 2013, Myanmar improved yet again, receiving a score of five in civil liberties and a six in political freedoms <EOP> <BOQ> Have there been any advances in the human rights situation in Myanmar? <EOQ> | Have there been any advances in the human rights situation in Myanmar? | <BOL> the country's human rights record has been improving <EOL> |
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Theodora Kracaw Kroeber Quinn (March 24, 1897 – July 4, 1979) was a writer and anthropologist, best known for her accounts of Ishi, the last member of the Yahi tribe of California, and for her retelling of traditional narratives from several Native Californian cultures.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Theodora Kracaw Kroeber Quinn studied Indigenous Americans including the Yahi tribe.' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Theodora Kracaw Kroeber Quinn studied Indigenous Americans including the Yahi tribe. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} She was an anthropologist who studied Native Americans. |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'Irish Mams Just Cannot Shower In... The Person Who Made This Sign Had One Job Only In Ireland We've all seen the 'you had one job' posts. Where people take pictures of jobs half done or poorly executed and then post them online where everybody sits around and points and laughs at them. Well Dermot & Dave have found another one to add to the pile. Should we be concerned that this particular picture involves some pretty serious health and safety issues?! Classic Only in Ireland content!' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'In Ireland there's only one job.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | In Ireland there's only one job. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Clearly there is more than one job in Ireland. |
<BOP> In general, Continental Freemasonry is sympathetic to Freemasonry amongst women, dating from the 1890s when French lodges assisted the emergent co-masonic movement by promoting enough of their members to the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite to allow them, in 1899, to form their own grand council, recognised by the other Continental Grand Councils of that Rite. The United Grand Lodge of England issued a statement in 1999 recognising the two women's grand lodges there to be regular in all but the participants. While they were not, therefore, recognised as regular, they were part of Freemasonry "in general". The attitude of most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons. <EOP> <BOQ> When did the French try to create co-masonic lodges? <EOQ> | When did the French try to create co-masonic lodges? | <BOL> the 1890s <EOL> |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Channels, released in 2008, is love story sometimes described as delving into thoughts of existentialism. The film was written, directed, produced and acted in by Nat Christian. The film stars Kim Oja, Nat Christian, Ed Asner, John Kassir, Joan Van Ark and Taylor Negron. Ann Marcus executive produced. The production company was Olliewood Films, Inc.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Channels was released after 2005' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | Channels was released after 2005 | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The statement says it was released in 2008, which is after 2005. The original statement doesnt include the number 2005 at all, which is why i was fooled. |
<BOP> Since there were few posts in Hungary for mathematicians, and those were not well-paid, his father wanted von Neumann to follow him into industry and therefore invest his time in a more financially useful endeavor than mathematics. So it was decided that the best career path was to become a chemical engineer. This was not something that von Neumann had much knowledge of, so it was arranged for him to take a two-year non-degree course in chemistry at the University of Berlin, after which he sat the entrance exam to the prestigious ETH Zurich, which he passed in September 1923. At the same time, von Neumann also entered Pázmány Péter University in Budapest, as a Ph.D. candidate in mathematics. For his thesis, he chose to produce an axiomatization of Cantor's set theory. He passed his final examinations for his Ph.D. soon after graduating from ETH Zurich in 1926. He then went to the University of Göttingen on a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to study mathematics under David Hilbert. <EOP> <BOQ> What career path was decided upon for Von Neuman? <EOQ> | What career path was decided upon for Von Neuman? | <BOL> chemical engineer <EOL> |
<BOP> In the United States, macabre-rock pioneer Alice Cooper achieved mainstream success with the top ten album School's Out (1972). In the following year blues rockers ZZ Top released their classic album Tres Hombres and Aerosmith produced their eponymous début, as did Southern rockers Lynyrd Skynyrd and proto-punk outfit New York Dolls, demonstrating the diverse directions being pursued in the genre. Montrose, including the instrumental talent of Ronnie Montrose and vocals of Sammy Hagar and arguably the first all American hard rock band to challenge the British dominance of the genre, released their first album in 1973. Kiss built on the theatrics of Alice Cooper and the look of the New York Dolls to produce a unique band persona, achieving their commercial breakthrough with the double live album Alive! in 1975 and helping to take hard rock into the stadium rock era. In the mid-1970s Aerosmith achieved their commercial and artistic breakthrough with Toys in the Attic (1975), which reached number 11 in the American album chart, and Rocks (1976), which peaked at number three. Blue Öyster Cult, formed in the late 60s, picked up on some of the elements introduced by Black Sabbath with their breakthrough live gold album On Your Feet or on Your Knees (1975), followed by their first platinum album, Agents of Fortune (1976), containing the hit single "(Don't Fear) The Reaper", which reached number 12 on the Billboard charts. Journey released their eponymous debut in 1975 and the next year Boston released their highly successful début album. In the same year, hard rock bands featuring women saw commercial success as Heart released Dreamboat Annie and The Runaways débuted with their self-titled album. While Heart had a more folk-oriented hard rock sound, the Runaways leaned more towards a mix of punk-influenced music and hard rock. The Amboy Dukes, having emerged from the Detroit garage rock scene and most famous for their Top 20 psychedelic hit "Journey to the Center of the Mind" (1968), were dissolved by their guitarist Ted Nugent, who embarked on a solo career that resulted in four successive multi-platinum albums between Ted Nugent (1975) and his best selling Double Live Gonzo (1978). <EOP> <BOQ> Tres Hombres is the name of an album by what band? <EOQ> | Tres Hombres is the name of an album by what band? | <BOL> ZZ Top <EOL> |
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