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Given the premise: <BOP> 'British actor, Hugh Laurie, had been favourite to win best drama actor for "House", but lost out to "Boston Legal"'s James Spader.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Spader has been nominated in the past.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | Spader has been nominated in the past. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} it does not mention a past nomination so it is neither. I'm actually very confused why the AI marked this correct. |
<BOP> In response to the demonstrations, an editorial in the People's Daily urged Chinese people to "express [their] patriotic enthusiasm calmly and rationally, and express patriotic aspiration in an orderly and legal manner". <EOP> <BOQ> In what publication were Chinese people asked to be orderly and legal because of the protests and demonstrations? <EOQ> | In what publication were Chinese people asked to be orderly and legal because of the protests and demonstrations? | <BOL> People's Daily <EOL> |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'The elder , who was always ready to help everyone spoke to the king on his behalf , and the next day the young man took up is work at court .<br>Unfortunately , the new-comer was by nature spiteful and envious , and could not bear anyone to have better luck than himself .' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'The sentence implies that the new comer did not like it when other people had worse luck than himself' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | The sentence implies that the new comer did not like it when other people had worse luck than himself | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} He did not like when other people had more luck, lot less. I think the model got confused because of my wording. |
<BOP> While the Baptists in total (counting both blacks and whites) have maintained the majority in this part of the country (known as the Bible Belt), the population in North Carolina practices a wide variety of faiths, including Judaism, Islam, Baha'i, Buddhism, and Hinduism. As of 2010 the Southern Baptist Church was the biggest denomination, with 4,241 churches and 1,513,000 members; the second largest was the United Methodist Church, with 660,000 members and 1,923 churches. The third was the Roman Catholic Church, with 428,000 members in 190 congregations. The fourth greatest was the Presbyterian Church (USA), with 186,000 members and 710 congregations; this denomination was brought by Scots-Irish immigrants who settled the backcountry in the colonial era. <EOP> <BOQ> What religion holds the majority in the Bible Belt? <EOQ> | What religion holds the majority in the Bible Belt? | <BOL> Baptists <EOL> |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'Peter Thomas Ward (born July 26, 1937 in Montreal, Quebec) is a retired professional baseball player who played 9 seasons for the Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, and New York Yankees of Major League Baseball. The son of former National Hockey League forward Jimmy Ward, Pete attended Jefferson High School in Portland, Oregon and played college baseball at Portland's Lewis & Clark College.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'Peter Thomas Ward played baseball for Jefferson High School.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Peter Thomas Ward played baseball for Jefferson High School. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} While Peter Thomas Ward did attend Jefferson High School, there is no confirmation of what sports he played there (if any). |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Ronald Lawrence "Ron" Kovic (born July 4, 1946) is an American anti-war activist, writer, and former United States Marine Corps sergeant, who was wounded and paralyzed in the Vietnam War. He is best known as the author of his 1976 memoir "Born on the Fourth of July", which was made into the Academy Award–winning eponymous film in 1989 directed by Oliver Stone.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Ronald Lawrence hate united states marine corps' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | Ronald Lawrence hate united states marine corps | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} you can't know from the text if wether he likes or not the marine |
<BOP> Increasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Libya were to be nationalized. For Gaddafi, this was an important step towards socialism. It proved an economic success; while gross domestic product had been $3.8 billion in 1969, it had risen to $13.7 billion in 1974, and $24.5 billion in 1979. In turn, the Libyans' standard of life greatly improved over the first decade of Gaddafi's administration, and by 1979 the average per-capita income was at $8,170, up from $40 in 1951; this was above the average of many industrialized countries like Italy and the U.K. <EOP> <BOQ> How did Libya's gross domestic product increase from 1969 to 1979? <EOQ> | How did Libya's gross domestic product increase from 1969 to 1979? | <BOL> while gross domestic product had been $3.8 billion in 1969, it had risen to $13.7 billion in 1974, and $24.5 billion in 1979. <EOL> |
Examine the information in <BOP> 'KDRP-LP (103.1 FM) "Sun Radio" is a radio station licensed to Dripping Springs, Texas, United States. The station is currently owned by Principle Broadcasting Foundation and rebroadcasts on 100.1 FM / 1490 AM Austin, 106.9 FM in Fredericksburg, 88.9 FM in Johnson City, 88.1 FM Gonzales, 99.9 FM San Marcos, 104.1 FM Wimberley, and coming soon to Llano and Mason.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'Sun Radio is not available in Llano.' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion. | Sun Radio is not available in Llano. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The prompt said Sun Radio is coming soon to Llano, thus meaning it is not available there yet. |
<BOP> Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent, was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1963. <EOP> <BOQ> During World War II, the Soviet double agent who was corresponding for The Times in Spain in the 1930s later joined what agency? <EOQ> | During World War II, the Soviet double agent who was corresponding for The Times in Spain in the 1930s later joined what agency? | <BOL> MI6 <EOL> |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Oksa is a village in Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Oksa. It lies approximately 18 km north-west of Jędrzejów and 41 km south-west of the regional capital Kielce. The village has an approximate population of 890.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Oska is the seat of the gmina' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Oska is the seat of the gmina | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} I simply restated the first sentence. |
<BOP> Gombeenism refers to an individual who is dishonest and corrupt for the purpose of personal gain, more often through monetary, while, parochialism which is also known as parish pump politics relates to placing local or vanity projects ahead of the national interest.For instance in Irish politics, populist left wing political parties will often apply these terms to mainstream establisment political parties and will cite the many cases of Corruption in Ireland, such as the Irish Banking crisis, which found evidence of bribery, cronyism and collusion, where in some cases politicians who were coming to the end of their political careers would receive a senior management or committee position in a company they had dealings with. <EOP> <BOQ> Which crisis in Ireland involved bribery, cronyism and collusion? <EOQ> | Which crisis in Ireland involved bribery, cronyism and collusion? | <BOL> Irish Banking crisis <EOL> |
<BOP> The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry. <EOP> <BOQ> Why did it receive this award? <EOQ> | Why did it receive this award? | <BOL> for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry. <EOL> |
<BOP> Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island. To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts.[n 8] The group traveled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced. In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand's estate at Nohant, where they spent most summers until 1846. In autumn they returned to Paris, where Chopin's apartment at 5 rue Tronchet was close to Sand's rented accommodation at the rue Pigalle. He frequently visited Sand in the evenings, but both retained some independence. In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orléans, living in adjacent buildings. <EOP> <BOQ> Who did Sand sell the piano to? <EOQ> | Who did Sand sell the piano to? | <BOL> the Canuts. <EOL> |
<BOP> On September 21, 1953, Thomas Watson, Jr., the company's president at the time, sent out a controversial letter to all IBM employees stating that IBM needed to hire the best people, regardless of their race, ethnic origin, or gender. He also publicized the policy so that in his negotiations to build new manufacturing plants with the governors of two states in the U.S. South, he could be clear that IBM would not build "separate-but-equal" workplaces. In 1984, IBM added sexual orientation to its nondiscrimination policy. The company stated that this would give IBM a competitive advantage because IBM would then be able to hire talented people its competitors would turn down. <EOP> <BOQ> IBM publicized its hiring policy to help negotiations in two states where in the U.S.? <EOQ> | IBM publicized its hiring policy to help negotiations in two states where in the U.S.? | <BOL> the U.S. South <EOL> |
<BOP> Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century. Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club. Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use. Some groups represent a specific hunting interest, such as Ducks Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, or the Delta Waterfowl Foundation. Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state government. <EOP> <BOQ> Who provides hunter education? <EOQ> | Who provides hunter education? | <BOL> Local hunting clubs <EOL> |
<BOP> Despite being the favourites and starting strongly, Barcelona finished the 2006–07 season without trophies. A pre-season US tour was later blamed for a string of injuries to key players, including leading scorer Eto'o and rising star Lionel Messi. There was open feuding as Eto'o publicly criticized coach Frank Rijkaard and Ronaldinho. Ronaldinho also admitted that a lack of fitness affected his form. In La Liga, Barcelona were in first place for much of the season, but inconsistency in the New Year saw Real Madrid overtake them to become champions. Barcelona advanced to the semi-finals of the Copa del Rey, winning the first leg against Getafe 5–2, with a goal from Messi bringing comparison to Diego Maradona's goal of the century, but then lost the second leg 4–0. They took part in the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup, but were beaten by a late goal in the final against Brazilian side Internacional. In the Champions League, Barcelona were knocked out of the competition in the last 16 by eventual runners-up Liverpool on away goals. <EOP> <BOQ> What event was blamed for the injuries to Barcelona stars? <EOQ> | What event was blamed for the injuries to Barcelona stars? | <BOL> US tour <EOL> |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'Frederick William Chesson (1833–1888) was an English journalist and prominent anti-slavery campaigner. He was active in the London Aborigines' Protection Society and Emancipation Committee, and met Harriet Ann Jacobs when she was in England in 1858; and was a vocal supporter of the Union side during the American Civil War.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'Frederick William Chesson lived for 57 years' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | Frederick William Chesson lived for 57 years | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Frederick William Chesson 1833-1888 was 55 when she died so the statement was incorrect |
With the given context: <BOP> 'Cloverdale Depot is a bus station and future intermodal station in Cloverdale, California. It is served by Amtrak Thruway and Sonoma County Transit buses. Additional service to Sonoma County Airport station is provided by Sonoma County Transit under contract by Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Cloverdale Depot has drivers.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | Cloverdale Depot has drivers. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Buses need drivers |
With the premise: <BOP> 'The Aberdeen Fortress Royal Engineers was a Scottish volunteer unit of the British Army formed in 1908. Its main role was defence of the Scottish coast, but it served on the Western Front during World War I. In the 1930s it was converted into an air defence unit, in which role it served in World War II.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Aberdeen Fortress Royal Engineers served air defense in World War 1.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | The Aberdeen Fortress Royal Engineers served air defense in World War 1. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It was not converted into an air defense unit until the 1930s, after WW1. |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'Old Trafford, known for sponsorship reasons as Emirates Old Trafford, is a cricket ground in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. It opened in 1857 as the home of Manchester Cricket Club and has been the home of Lancashire County Cricket Club since 1864.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'Old Trafford is well-known for only its cricket club.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Old Trafford is well-known for only its cricket club. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Based on just the context of the statement, we only know that Old Trafford is a cricket ground and home of a cricket club, so we may conclude that it's only known for its cricket club. However, the system may not think so since there is a lot of information and using the word "only" might confuse the system. |
With the given context: <BOP> 'BRUSSELS, Feb 20 (Reuters) - U C B SA : * UCB announces CEO succession plan in anticipation of next wave ofproduct launches * UCB - Doliveux remains CEO of UCB until January 1, 2015 * UCB - Jean-Christophe Tellier to be appointed CEO-elect, chairman of exec committee as of March 1, 2014 * UCB - Tellier to become chief executive officer of UCB on January 1, 2015' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'UCB will not have a CEO for a short time.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | UCB will not have a CEO for a short time. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The text clearly states that Doliveux will be CEO until Jan 1, 2015 and that Tellier will take over on that day. |
With the premise: <BOP> 'Anxious Anne<br>Anne was always anxious about something small, insignificant or both. She would dread to go to school for this anxiety that she had. She would be excited to get home just to be alone without a bother. One day the doctor gave her anti-anxiety pills and her ailment gone. She now had the courage to do most anything and she was happy.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Anne will always be on anti-anxiety pills.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | Anne will always be on anti-anxiety pills. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Reason: Medication is highly variable, especially those for disorders of this type. Why: Used the word always, which makes it sound like an absolute. |
<BOP> Although the United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. Virtually all state and federal government agencies and large corporations use English as their internal working language, especially at the management level. Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents, in Spanish and English, and other commonly used languages. By 2015, there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home. <EOP> <BOQ> What language is spoken in the U.S.A? <EOQ> | What language is spoken in the U.S.A? | <BOL> English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. <EOL> |
<BOP> According to Der Spiegel, credits given to European governments were disguised as "swaps" and consequently did not get registered as debt because Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives. A German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank." These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union and the monetary union guidelines. In May 2010, the Greek government deficit was again revised and estimated to be 13.6% which was the second highest in the world relative to GDP with Iceland in first place at 15.7% and Great Britain third with 12.6%. Public debt was forecast, according to some estimates, to hit 120% of GDP during 2010. <EOP> <BOQ> What was again revised in May of 2010? <EOQ> | What was again revised in May of 2010? | <BOL> Greek government deficit <EOL> |
<BOP> In almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits (called a byte). Each byte is able to represent 256 different numbers (28 = 256); either from 0 to 255 or −128 to +127. To store larger numbers, several consecutive bytes may be used (typically, two, four or eight). When negative numbers are required, they are usually stored in two's complement notation. Other arrangements are possible, but are usually not seen outside of specialized applications or historical contexts. A computer can store any kind of information in memory if it can be represented numerically. Modern computers have billions or even trillions of bytes of memory. <EOP> <BOQ> What is the range of the numbers that a byte can represent? <EOQ> | What is the range of the numbers that a byte can represent? | <BOL> 0 to 255 or −128 to +127 <EOL> |
With the given context: <BOP> 'Nomindsland is the debut album by the industrial metal band Red Harvest, released through Black Mark Production in 1992. It is notable for being their only release that could be described as thrash metal, before the band moved towards industrial metal.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Industrial metal includes elements of heavy metal.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | Industrial metal includes elements of heavy metal. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} To some heavy metal and industrial metal are totally different. The system should have tagged this neither definitely correct nor definitely incorrect. |
<BOP> During the late 19th Century the Jadidists established themselves as an Islamic social movement throughout the region. Although the Jadidists were pro-modernization and not necessarily anti-Russian the Russians viewed the movement as a threat.[citation needed] Russian troops were required to restore order during uprisings against the Khanate of Kokand between 1910 and 1913. Further violence occurred in July 1916 when demonstrators attacked Russian soldiers in Khujand over the threat of forced conscription during World War I. Despite Russian troops quickly bringing Khujand back under control, clashes continued throughout the year in various locations in Tajikistan.[citation needed] <EOP> <BOQ> Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand? <EOQ> | Why did demonstrators attack Russian soldiers in Khujand? | <BOL> the threat of forced conscription during World War I <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Shoshana Elise Bean (born September 1, 1977) is an American stage actress, singer and songwriter known for her roles in Broadway musicals. She is best known for being the first replacement actress for the role of Elphaba on Broadway in the musical "Wicked".' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Shoshana Elise Bean is of Russian origin.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Shoshana Elise Bean is of Russian origin. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The text does not state where her lineage comes from, only that she is American, but her parents could be from Russia or anywhere else in the world. |
<BOP> On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of Cherbourg on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere. On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the Royal Navy in comparison to the French one. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office. <EOP> <BOQ> What new military port in France did Victoria and Albert visit after the crisis in 1858? <EOQ> | What new military port in France did Victoria and Albert visit after the crisis in 1858? | <BOL> Cherbourg <EOL> |
Given the detailed context: 'Anniesland Court is a 24-storey residential tower block in the Anniesland area of Glasgow, Scotland, designed by J Holmes & Partners and completed in 1968. It is the tallest listed building in Scotland, and is remarkably similar to Ernő Goldfinger's later and more famous Trellick Tower in London. It is the only tower block in Glasgow to have been granted a category A listing', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'J Holmes & Partners did not create the Trellick Tower.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | J Holmes & Partners did not create the Trellick Tower. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Ernő Goldfinger is not part of J Holmes & Partners, it is not stated so in this context. |
From the information in: <BOP> 'Pixote: a Lei do Mais Fraco (] , lit. "Pixote (small child): The Law of the Weak") is a 1980 Brazilian drama film directed by Héctor Babenco. The screenplay was written by Babenco and Jorge Durán, based on the book "A Infância dos Mortos" ("The Childhood of the Dead Ones") by José Louzeiro.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Babenco directed the Law of the Weak by himself, but he had some help from Jorge Duran in writing the screenplay.' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Babenco directed the Law of the Weak by himself, but he had some help from Jorge Duran in writing the screenplay. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It is stated that Babenco was responsible for directing the movie and that he and Jorge Duran wrote the screenplay for the film. I think the system had a difficult time because I tried to use different terms than the ones used in the context. |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'Barbie and the Three Musketeers is a 2009 computer animated direct-to-video film and part of the computer-generated imagery Barbie film series. It was released on DVD on September 15, 2009. The story is based on "The Three Musketeers" by Alexander Dumas.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'Barbie and the Three Musketeers was released on DVD the year after 2007.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | Barbie and the Three Musketeers was released on DVD the year after 2007. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Barbie and the Three Musketeers was released on DVD in 2009. The system was confused by the year. |
<BOP> Criticism of the term intellectual property ranges from discussing its vagueness and abstract overreach to direct contention to the semantic validity of using words like property and rights in fashions that contradict practice and law. Many detractors think this term specially serves the doctrinal agenda of parties opposing reform in the public interest or otherwise abusing related legislations; and that it disallows intelligent discussion about specific and often unrelated aspects of copyright, patents, trademarks, etc. <EOP> <BOQ> Which term is criticized as having abstract overreach? <EOQ> | Which term is criticized as having abstract overreach? | <BOL> intellectual property <EOL> |
<BOP> The field of neuroscience encompasses all approaches that seek to understand the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Psychology seeks to understand mind and behavior, and neurology is the medical discipline that diagnoses and treats diseases of the nervous system. The brain is also the most important organ studied in psychiatry, the branch of medicine that works to study, prevent, and treat mental disorders. Cognitive science seeks to unify neuroscience and psychology with other fields that concern themselves with the brain, such as computer science (artificial intelligence and similar fields) and philosophy. <EOP> <BOQ> What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior? <EOQ> | What scientific field tries to understand the mind and behavior? | <BOL> Psychology <EOL> |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Mathilde Friederike Karoline Ludendorff (born Mathilde Spiess; 4 October 1877 in Wiesbaden – 24 June 1966 in Tutzing) was a German psychiatrist. Her third husband was General Erich Ludendorff. She was a leading figure in the Völkisch movement known for her esoteric and conspiratorial ideas. Together with Ludendorff, she founded the' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Mathilde Friderike Karoline Ludendorff was married four times before she met General Erich Ludendorff.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | Mathilde Friderike Karoline Ludendorff was married four times before she met General Erich Ludendorff. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The context says that General Erich Ludendorff was Mathilde's third husband, which means she was only married twice before she married him. She had to meet him first in order to marry him, which means she was also only married twice before she met him. I think it's hard for the system because it uses the benchmark of "meeting" instead of "marrying" and doesn't refer to any specific year. |
<BOP> Athanasius's episcopate began on 9 May 328 as the Alexandrian Council elected Athanasius to succeed the aged Alexander. That council also denounced various heresies and schisms, many of which continued to preoccupy his 45-year-long episcopate (c. 8 June 328 – 2 May 373). Patriarch Athanasius spent over 17 years in five exiles ordered by four different Roman Emperors, not counting approximately six more incidents in which Athanasius fled Alexandria to escape people seeking to take his life. This gave rise to the expression "Athanasius contra mundum" or "Athanasius against the world". However, during his first years as bishop, Athanasius visited the churches of his territory, which at that time included all of Egypt and Libya. He established contacts with the hermits and monks of the desert, including Pachomius, which proved very valuable to him over the years. Shortly thereafter, Athanasius became occupied with the theological disputes against Arians within the Byzantine Empire that would occupy much of his life. <EOP> <BOQ> Was he united with the Arians in his beliefs? <EOQ> | Was he united with the Arians in his beliefs? | <BOL> disputes against Arians <EOL> |
<BOP> A major concern of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) and of the philosophy of Spirit that he lays out in his Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817–1830) is the interrelation between individual humans, which he conceives in terms of "mutual recognition." However, what Climacus means by the aforementioned statement, is that Hegel, in the Philosophy of Right, believed the best solution was to surrender one's individuality to the customs of the State, identifying right and wrong in view of the prevailing bourgeois morality. Individual human will ought, at the State's highest level of development, to properly coincide with the will of the State. Climacus rejects Hegel's suppression of individuality by pointing out it is impossible to create a valid set of rules or system in any society which can adequately describe existence for any one individual. Submitting one's will to the State denies personal freedom, choice, and responsibility. <EOP> <BOQ> Whose will did Hegel believe should prevail over that of the individual? <EOQ> | Whose will did Hegel believe should prevail over that of the individual? | <BOL> State <EOL> |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'You Can Be Anyone This Time Around is an album by Timothy Leary released in 1970. The disc features three "raps" by Leary backed with psychedelic music. The purpose of the album was to raise funds for Leary's political candidacy for Governor of California.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'You Can Be Anyone This Time Around was released more than 100 months ago.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | You Can Be Anyone This Time Around was released more than 100 months ago. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} 100 months is around 8 years, and it was released almost 50 years ago. It's difficult because the statement says months, while the text only mentions a single year. |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'The Col de Manse (1268 m ) is a mountain pass located in the Massif des Écrins approximately 9 km north-east of Gap in the Hautes-Alpes department of France. The pass connects Gap with the high Champsaur valley and the ski resort of Orcières-Merlette. The road over the col is used occasionally by the Tour de France cycle race with the tour crossing the pass twice in 2013.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Col de Manse (1268 m ) is a mountain.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | The Col de Manse (1268 m ) is a mountain. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It's a mountain pass not a mountain. |
<BOP> Since the early 1950s on conventional carriers it has been the practice to recover aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship. The primary function of this angled deck is to allow aircraft that miss the arresting wires, referred to as a bolter, to become airborne again without the risk of hitting aircraft parked forward. The angled deck allows the installation of one or two "waist" catapults in addition to the two bow cats. An angled deck also improves launch and recovery cycle flexibility with the option of simultaneous launching and recovery of aircraft. <EOP> <BOQ> When did conventional carriers start recovering aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship? <EOQ> | When did conventional carriers start recovering aircraft at an angle to port of the axial line of the ship? | <BOL> early 1950s <EOL> |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Mary Eliza Mahoney (May 7, 1845 – January 4, 1926) was the first African American to study and work as a professionally trained nurse in the United States, graduating in 1879. Mahoney was one of the first African Americans to graduate from a nursing school, and she prospered in a predominantly white society. She also challenged discrimination against African Americans in nursing.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Mary Eliza Mahoney healed people.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | Mary Eliza Mahoney healed people. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} She is a nurse. |
<BOP> Court presentations of aristocratic young ladies to the monarch took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society. Débutantes wore full court dress, with three tall ostrich feathers in their hair. They entered, curtsied, and performed a choreographed backwards walk and a further curtsy, while manoeuvring a dress train of prescribed length. (The ceremony, known as an evening court, corresponded to the "court drawing rooms" of Victoria's reign.) After World War II, the ceremony was replaced by less formal afternoon receptions, usually without choreographed curtsies and court dress. <EOP> <BOQ> What types of feathers did debutantes wear in their hair? <EOQ> | What types of feathers did debutantes wear in their hair? | <BOL> ostrich feathers <EOL> |
Examine the information in <BOP> 'APOEL FC (Greek: ΑΠΟΕΛ ; short for Αθλητικός Ποδοσφαιρικός Όμιλος Ελλήνων Λευκωσίας, "Athletikos Podosferikos Omilos Ellinon Lefkosias", "Athletic Football Club of Greeks of Nicosia") is a professional football club based in Nicosia, Cyprus. APOEL is the most popular football team in Cyprus and they are the most successful with an overall tally of 26 championships, 21 cups and 13 super cups.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'APOEL is the most popular football team in Egypt.' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion. | APOEL is the most popular football team in Egypt. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} I changed the location from Cyprus to Egypt- it could be the most popular team in Egypt? |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Polarbröd is a Swedish bread company. Their head office is in Älvsbyn in northern Sweden. Polarbröd is Sweden's third-largest bread company. Its typical product is a soft compact bread formed into round, flat shapes. It is also noted for ready-made sandwiches produced from such bread and reindeer meat, which was introduced as a product in the 1960s under the name "renklämma".' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The companies noteworthy product is a circular flat disc shape.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | The companies noteworthy product is a circular flat disc shape. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The polarbrod company has a typical product that is formed soft into round, flat shapes the same as a circular flat disc shape. The meaning is the same. |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'The Frontline is a 2008 play by the British dramatist Ché Walker, with music by Arthur Darvill. It was written whilst he was appearing at Shakespeare's Globe in a production of "Othello". Walker lives in Camden in London and the play deals with street life outside Camden Town tube station.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'Street life outside Camden Town tube station was the inspiration for Ché Walker's, "The Frontline", who actually lives in Camden.
' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Street life outside Camden Town tube station was the inspiration for Ché Walker's, "The Frontline", who actually lives in Camden.
| {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Ché Walker lives in Camden and he wrote The Frontline based off street life outside Camden Town tube station but the passage does not say that that was his inspiration. |
From the information in: <BOP> 'San Marco 1, also known as San Marco A, was the first Italian satellite, and the first non-Soviet/US spacecraft. Built in-house by the Italian Space Research Commission (Italian: "Commissione per le Ricerche Spaziali" , CRS) on behalf of the National Research Council, it was the first of five as part of the Italian-US San Marco programme.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'San Marco programme launched the Apollo mission.' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | San Marco programme launched the Apollo mission. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It did not launch the Apollo mission. |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'The Israeli army forces carried out, on Saturday, a widespread military operation into the West Bank town of Jenin and its refugee camp, local Palestinian sources said.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Local Palestinian sources said that the israeli armed forces carried out a wide spread military search into the south bank town of jenin and its refugee camp.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | Local Palestinian sources said that the israeli armed forces carried out a wide spread military search into the south bank town of jenin and its refugee camp. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} i stated south bank |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'Rev. James Smith Bush (June 15, 1825 – November 11, 1889) was an American attorney, Episcopal priest, religious writer, and an ancestor of the Bush political family. He was the father of business magnate Samuel Prescott Bush, grandfather of former US Senator Prescott Bush, great-grandfather of former US President George H. W. Bush and great-great-grandfather of former US President George W. Bush.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'George W. Bush was president of the United States of America.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | George W. Bush was president of the United States of America. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It is correct because the statement says that he is the former president of the US. I believe the system was fooled because the original statement was focusing on Rev. James Smith Bush |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Peter Charanis (1908 – 23 March 1985), born Panagiotis Charanis (Greek: Παναγιώτης Χαρανής ), was a Greece-born American scholar of Byzantium and the Voorhees Professor of History at Rutgers University. Dr. Charanis was long associated with the Dumbarton Oaks research library.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Peter Charanis is alive' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | Peter Charanis is alive | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It says Peter Charanis (1908 – 23 March 1985).. which means he's dead |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Brixia-Zust (originally Brixia-Züst) was an Italian car manufacturer founded by engineer Roberto Züst, owner of Zust company of Milan. The affiliated company was situated in Brescia, Northern Italy. (Brixia is the antique Latin for Brescia.) These companies are often confused. The company made racing cars that participated in Targa Florio, an open road race in Sicily.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Targa Florio is held in Sicily not in France.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | Targa Florio is held in Sicily not in France. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Targa Florio, according to the context, is held in Sicily and not in France. System may have been confused by the addition of France in the statement. |
<BOP> Some critiqued Paul VI's decision; the newly created Synod of Bishops had an advisory role only and could not make decisions on their own, although the Council decided exactly that. During the pontificate of Paul VI, five such synods took place, and he is on record of implementing all their decisions. Related questions were raised about the new National Bishop Conferences, which became mandatory after Vatican II. Others questioned his Ostpolitik and contacts with Communism and the deals he engaged in for the faithful. <EOP> <BOQ> What conferences became a requirement after Vatican II? <EOQ> | What conferences became a requirement after Vatican II? | <BOL> National Bishop Conferences <EOL> |
<BOP> After the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1776, the Connecticut colonial government ordered the construction of Black Rock Fort (to be built on top of an older 17th-century fort) to protect the port of New Haven. In 1779, during the Battle of New Haven, British soldiers captured Black Rock Fort and burned the barracks to the ground. The fort was reconstructed in 1807 by the federal government (on orders from the Thomas Jefferson administration), and rechristened Fort Nathan Hale, after the Revolutionary War hero who had lived in New Haven. The cannons of Fort Nathan Hale were successful in defying British war ships during the War of 1812. In 1863, during the Civil War, a second Fort Hale was built next to the original, complete with bomb-resistant bunkers and a moat, to defend the city should a Southern raid against New Haven be launched. The United States Congress deeded the site to the state in 1921, and all three versions of the fort have been restored. The site is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places and receives thousands of visitors each year. <EOP> <BOQ> After which revolutionary war hero and New Haven native was Black Rock Fort rechristened upon reconstruction in 1807? <EOQ> | After which revolutionary war hero and New Haven native was Black Rock Fort rechristened upon reconstruction in 1807? | <BOL> Nathan Hale <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'The tallest building in Tokyo and the second tallest building in Japan, the TMGO was conceived as a high-tech center from which Tokyo could be led into the promising twenty-first century.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'the TMGO was promising' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | the TMGO was promising | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} the TMGO is a reason for a promising future, so it in itself could be said to be promising |
With the premise: <BOP> 'That's right. That's the important hurdle, and we'd like to jump that first, but the other ones, Justice, you're right, in 1831 and in 1909 Congress extended terms in a way that is inconsistent with the strongest form of the test that we have advanced. Those extensions, however, were never challenged in any court and certainly not considered by this Court.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'In 1909 Congress made a bad decision to extend terms.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | In 1909 Congress made a bad decision to extend terms. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} I have no idea why congress extended terms- it could have been bad or could not. |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'The Magic Roundabout (released in France as Pollux - Le manège enchanté and redubbed in the United States as Doogal or The Lord of the Springs) is a 2005 French-British computer-animated adventure fantasy film based on the television series "The Magic Roundabout".' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'They changed the name of The Magic Roundabout in America because people there do not know what a roundabout is.' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | They changed the name of The Magic Roundabout in America because people there do not know what a roundabout is. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Who knows why they changed the name. |
<BOP> "We used a technique of laying our program out in general debate," he said. When we got to the amendment phase, we would offer our program as a substitute for the Johnson proposal. If we lost in the Committee of the Whole, then we would usually offer it as a motion to recommit and get a vote on that. And if we lost on the motion to recommit, our Republican members had a choice: They could vote against the Johnson program and say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument. Usually we lost; but when you're only 140 out of 435, you don't expect to win many. <EOP> <BOQ> What options do minority party have in amendment phase? <EOQ> | What options do minority party have in amendment phase? | <BOL> offer our program as a substitute <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'The 1997 KNVB Cup Final was a football match between Roda JC and Heerenveen on 8 May 1997 at De Kuip, Rotterdam. It was the final match of the 1996–97 KNVB Cup competition and the 79th KNVB Cup final. Roda won 4–2 after goals from Gerald Sibon, Ger Senden, Eric van der Luer and Maarten Schops. It was the side's first KNVB Cup trophy.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Roda JC kept the Cup trophy at their headquarters.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Roda JC kept the Cup trophy at their headquarters. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Winning the Cup does not mean the team housed it at their headquarters location. The system could have interpreted it as kept winning the Cup. |
Given the detailed context: 'The 2017 City of Onkaparinga ATP Challenger was a professional tennis tournament played on hard courts. It was the third edition of the tournament and part of the 2017 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Happy Valley, Australia from 2 to 8 January 2017.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'In 2017 a professional tennis tournament was played on soft courts.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | In 2017 a professional tennis tournament was played on soft courts. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} A pro tournament on soft courts may have been played somewhere in the world in 2017. |
<BOP> In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present. Universal already had a reputation for nepotism—at one time, 70 of Carl, Sr.'s relatives were supposedly on the payroll. Many of them were nephews, resulting in Carl, Sr. being known around the studios as "Uncle Carl." Ogden Nash famously quipped in rhyme, "Uncle Carl Laemmle/Has a very large faemmle." Among these relatives was future Academy Award winning director/producer William Wyler. <EOP> <BOQ> What Academy Award-winning director was a relative of Carl Laemmle's? <EOQ> | What Academy Award-winning director was a relative of Carl Laemmle's? | <BOL> William Wyler <EOL> |
From the information in: <BOP> 'Miss Perú 2010, the 58th Miss Perú pageant was held at the on May 22, 2010. That year, 22 candidates were competing for the national crown. The chosen winner represented Peru at the Miss Universe 2010 and Miss World 2010. The rest of the finalists would enter in different pageants.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'the 58th miss per pageant had 21 candidates' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | the 58th miss per pageant had 21 candidates | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The pageant actually had 22 candidates not 21 per the context provided. |
<BOP> Most samurai were bound by a code of honor and were expected to set an example for those below them. A notable part of their code is seppuku (切腹, seppuku?) or hara kiri, which allowed a disgraced samurai to regain his honor by passing into death, where samurai were still beholden to social rules. Whilst there are many romanticized characterizations of samurai behavior such as the writing of Bushido (武士道, Bushidō?) in 1905, studies of Kobudo and traditional Budō indicate that the samurai were as practical on the battlefield as were any other warrior. <EOP> <BOQ> How were samurai unrealistically portrayed? <EOQ> | How were samurai unrealistically portrayed? | <BOL> romanticized <EOL> |
With the given context: <BOP> 'Piazza Colonna is a piazza at the center of the Rione of Colonna in the historic heart of Rome, Italy. It is named for the marble Column of Marcus Aurelius, which has stood there since AD 193. The bronze statue of Saint Paul that crowns the column was placed in 1589, by order of Pope Sixtus V. The Roman Via Lata (now the Via del Corso) runs through the piazza's eastern end, from south to north.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The marble column of Marcus Aurelius has been in Rome for 430 years.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | The marble column of Marcus Aurelius has been in Rome for 430 years. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} This statement is definitely incorrect because according to the passage the column has been there since 193 AD, meaning it's been in Rome for 1,826 years. |
<BOP> Insects were among the earliest terrestrial herbivores and acted as major selection agents on plants. Plants evolved chemical defenses against this herbivory and the insects, in turn, evolved mechanisms to deal with plant toxins. Many insects make use of these toxins to protect themselves from their predators. Such insects often advertise their toxicity using warning colors. This successful evolutionary pattern has also been used by mimics. Over time, this has led to complex groups of coevolved species. Conversely, some interactions between plants and insects, like pollination, are beneficial to both organisms. Coevolution has led to the development of very specific mutualisms in such systems. <EOP> <BOQ> What do many insects adaptively utilize in self-defense from predators? <EOQ> | What do many insects adaptively utilize in self-defense from predators? | <BOL> plant toxins <EOL> |
Given the detailed context: 'The flag of Adjara is a flag of Georgia's autonomous republic of Adjara. It displays seven dark blue and white stripes, with the national flag of Georgia shown in canton. The dark blue stripes symbolize the Black Sea and the white stripes symbolize purity. The flag was adopted on 20 July 2004 by the Supreme Council of Adjara.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Georgia's flag is blue and white.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Georgia's flag is blue and white. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The Georgia flag is red and white. |
<BOP> With Lieutenant-General Matthew Ridgway assuming the command of the U.S. Eighth Army on 26 December, the PVA and the KPA launched their Third Phase Offensive (also known as the "Chinese New Year's Offensive") on New Year's Eve of 1950. Utilizing night attacks in which UN Command fighting positions were encircled and then assaulted by numerically superior troops who had the element of surprise, the attacks were accompanied by loud trumpets and gongs, which fulfilled the double purpose of facilitating tactical communication and mentally disorienting the enemy. UN forces initially had no familiarity with this tactic, and as a result some soldiers panicked, abandoning their weapons and retreating to the south. The Chinese New Year's Offensive overwhelmed UN forces, allowing the PVA and KPA to conquer Seoul for the second time on 4 January 1951. <EOP> <BOQ> How did some UN troops react to the use of noise? <EOQ> | How did some UN troops react to the use of noise? | <BOL> some soldiers panicked, abandoning their weapons and retreating to the south <EOL> |
With the given context: <BOP> 'WJMF-LP is a low-power television station in Jackson, Mississippi. The station, which currently operates on Channel 6, is owned by Rainey Radio. The station currently acts as a radio station broadcasting a Oldies & Classic Hits format as "EZ 87.7", taking advantage of that station's audio signal on 87.75 MHz FM.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The radio station is called Oldies & Classic Hits.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | The radio station is called Oldies & Classic Hits. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The radio station is called EZ 87.7; Oldies & Classic Hits is what it plays. |
<BOP> 114th Street marks the southern boundary of Columbia University’s Morningside Heights Campus and is the location of Butler Library, which is the University’s largest. <EOP> <BOQ> Which library is Columbia University's largest? <EOQ> | Which library is Columbia University's largest? | <BOL> Butler Library <EOL> |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'The Great Maratha is an Indian historical drama television series directed by Sanjay Khan and produced by Numero Uno International Limited. The drama, aired on Doordarshan National, is based on the life of Mahadaji Shinde. The show comprised 47 episodes. The music was composed by Mohammed Zahur Khayyam.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Mahadaji Shinde was no longer alive in 1833.' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Mahadaji Shinde was no longer alive in 1833. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Their year of death is never mentioned in the text and there aren't any hints, so we don't know. It's difficult because it says "life of Mahadaji" in the text, so the system assumes saying he was no longer alive is correct. |
<BOP> Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all its isotopes are unstable (with half-lives of the six naturally known isotopes, uranium-233 to uranium-238, varying between 69 years and 4.5 billion years). The most common isotopes of uranium are uranium-238 (which has 146 neutrons and accounts for almost 99.3% of the uranium found in nature) and uranium-235 (which has 143 neutrons, accounting for 0.7% of the element found naturally). Uranium has the second highest atomic weight of the primordially occurring elements, lighter only than plutonium. Its density is about 70% higher than that of lead, but slightly lower than that of gold or tungsten. It occurs naturally in low concentrations of a few parts per million in soil, rock and water, and is commercially extracted from uranium-bearing minerals such as uraninite. <EOP> <BOQ> What is uranium's symbol on the Periodic Table of Elements? <EOQ> | What is uranium's symbol on the Periodic Table of Elements? | <BOL> U <EOL> |
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Mohanned Mehdi Al-Nadawi (Arabic: مهند مهدی الندوی ) an Iraqi footballer. He is the first foreign footballer who became the Top Goal Scorer in Iranian Football League. In the 1999/2000 season, he scored a total of 14 goals, ahead of Iranian super goal scorers Behnam Seraj and Hamid Reza Ebrahimi.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Mohanned played for IFL before moving to the NFL' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Mohanned played for IFL before moving to the NFL | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It states he only played for the IFL as he was Iranian |
<BOP> Hops contain several characteristics that brewers desire in beer. Hops contribute a bitterness that balances the sweetness of the malt; the bitterness of beers is measured on the International Bitterness Units scale. Hops contribute floral, citrus, and herbal aromas and flavours to beer. Hops have an antibiotic effect that favours the activity of brewer's yeast over less desirable microorganisms and aids in "head retention", the length of time that a foamy head created by carbonation will last. The acidity of hops is a preservative. <EOP> <BOQ> How is the bitterness in most beers generally measured? <EOQ> | How is the bitterness in most beers generally measured? | <BOL> the International Bitterness Units scale <EOL> |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> '"That's the Beat of a Heart" is a song recorded by American country music duo The Warren Brothers featuring Sara Evans. It was released in March 2000 as the first single from their album "King of Nothing". It was also included on the soundtrack to the 2000 film "Where the Heart Is". The song was written by Tena Clark and Tim Heintz.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'The Warren Brothers' song "That's the Beat of a Heart" has featured in many motion pictures. ' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The Warren Brothers' song "That's the Beat of a Heart" has featured in many motion pictures. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} We know from the statement that it's been in one motion picture but there's no information that it's been in any more than that. |
<BOP> In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalist movements—such as the nationalist struggle to create a "Germany" out of diverse principalities, and the nationalist struggles by ethnic minorities against the Austro-Hungarian Empire—developed a more inclusive notion of culture as "worldview" (Weltanschauung). According to this school of thought, each ethnic group has a distinct worldview that is incommensurable with the worldviews of other groups. Although more inclusive than earlier views, this approach to culture still allowed for distinctions between "civilized" and "primitive" or "tribal" cultures. <EOP> <BOQ> What was the German name given for the creation of this culture during the Romantic era? <EOQ> | What was the German name given for the creation of this culture during the Romantic era? | <BOL> Weltanschauung <EOL> |
<BOP> As part of its education-related initiatives, the foundation has funded journalists, think tanks, lobbying organizations and governments. Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education, including more than $1.4 million to the Education Writers Association to fund training for journalists who cover education. While some critics have feared the foundation for directing the conversation on education or pushing its point of view through news coverage, the foundation has said it lists all its grants publicly and does not enforce any rules for content among its grantees, who have editorial independence. Union activists in Chicago have accused Gates Foundation grantee Teach Plus, which was founded by new teachers and advocates against seniority-based layoffs, of "astroturfing". <EOP> <BOQ> what do the millions in grants given to news agencies do <EOQ> | what do the millions in grants given to news agencies do | <BOL> Millions of dollars of grants to news organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education <EOL> |
<BOP> The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609, and in 1610–1611. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737. It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's "Give me liberty or give me death" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church, and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America. The city entered the 20th century with one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems, as well as a national hub of African-American commerce and culture, the Jackson Ward neighborhood. <EOP> <BOQ> what famous speech did Patrick Henry give in Richmond? <EOQ> | what famous speech did Patrick Henry give in Richmond? | <BOL> Give me liberty or give me death <EOL> |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Couch<br>Marlon had been independent since 18. At 32 he lost everything, his house, his wife, and his job. He was now moving back into his parents house. He now had to sleep on the same couch he watched cartoons on. Marlon found a new job and moved out within four days.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Marlon was independent for 20 years.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Marlon was independent for 20 years. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Marlon had been independent since 18, but at 32 he moved back into his parents house. This means he was independent for less than 20 years. The model may not know math. |
<BOP> The initial military maneuvers began in September 1806. In a notable letter to Marshal Soult detailing the plan for the campaign, Napoleon described the essential features of Napoleonic warfare and introduced the phrase le bataillon-carré ('square battalion'). In the bataillon-carré system, the various corps of the Grande Armée would march uniformly together in close supporting distance. If any single corps was attacked, the others could quickly spring into action and arrive to help. Napoleon invaded Prussia with 180,000 troops, rapidly marching on the right bank of the River Saale. As in previous campaigns, his fundamental objective was to destroy one opponent before reinforcements from another could tip the balance of the war. Upon learning the whereabouts of the Prussian army, the French swung westwards and crossed the Saale with overwhelming force. At the twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt, fought on 14 October, the French convincingly defeated the Prussians and inflicted heavy casualties. With several major commanders dead or incapacitated, the Prussian king proved incapable of effectively commanding the army, which began to quickly disintegrate. In a vaunted pursuit that epitomized the "peak of Napoleonic warfare," according to historian Richard Brooks, the French managed to capture 140,000 soldiers, over 2,000 cannons and hundreds of ammunition wagons, all in a single month. Historian David Chandler wrote of the Prussian forces: "Never has the morale of any army been more completely shattered." Despite their overwhelming defeat, the Prussians refused to negotiate with the French until the Russians had an opportunity to enter the fight. <EOP> <BOQ> How many Prussian soldiers were captured at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt? <EOQ> | How many Prussian soldiers were captured at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt? | <BOL> 140,000 <EOL> |
<BOP> In contrast, Joseph Smith, the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, taught: "There is no such thing as immaterial matter. All spirit is matter, but it is more fine or pure, and can only be discerned by purer eyes; We cannot see it; but when our bodies are purified we shall see that it is all matter." This spirit element has always existed; it is co-eternal with God. It is also called "intelligence" or "the light of truth", which like all observable matter "was not created or made, neither indeed can be". Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints view the revelations of Joseph Smith as a restoration of original Christian doctrine, which they believe post-apostolic theologians began to corrupt in the centuries after Christ. The writings of many[quantify] of these theologians indicate a clear influence of Greek metaphysical philosophies such as Neoplatonism, which characterized divinity as an utterly simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical. Despite strong opposition from many Christians, this metaphysical depiction of God eventually became incorporated into the doctrine of the Christian church, displacing the original Judeo-Christian concept of a physical, corporeal God who created humans in His image and likeness. <EOP> <BOQ> Neoplatonism describes divinity as what? <EOQ> | Neoplatonism describes divinity as what? | <BOL> simple, immaterial, formless, substance/essence (ousia) that transcended all that was physical <EOL> |
<BOP> The main crops grown are barley, wheat, buckwheat, rye, potatoes, and assorted fruits and vegetables. Tibet is ranked the lowest among China’s 31 provinces on the Human Development Index according to UN Development Programme data. In recent years, due to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism, tourism has become an increasingly important sector, and is actively promoted by the authorities. Tourism brings in the most income from the sale of handicrafts. These include Tibetan hats, jewelry (silver and gold), wooden items, clothing, quilts, fabrics, Tibetan rugs and carpets. The Central People's Government exempts Tibet from all taxation and provides 90% of Tibet's government expenditures. However most of this investment goes to pay migrant workers who do not settle in Tibet and send much of their income home to other provinces. <EOP> <BOQ> What is Tibet exempt from? <EOQ> | What is Tibet exempt from? | <BOL> all taxation <EOL> |
With the premise: <BOP> 'Wax Figures<br>Ashley and Maria went to the Historical Museum. They saw many wax figures while they were there. They wanted to learn more about wax figures. They heard about Madame Tussauds Wax Museum. They planned a vacation to go see the famous museum of wax figures.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Maria went on vacation to the Madame Tussauds museum.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | Maria went on vacation to the Madame Tussauds museum. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} They were planning a vacation to Madame Tussand's but have not gone yet. |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Texas District 6 of the United States House of Representatives is a Congressional district that serves an area including four counties to the south of the Dallas/Fort Worth area plus the southeast corner of Tarrant County. As of the 2000 census, District 6 represents 651,620 people. The current Representative from District 6 is Joe Barton and has been since 1985.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The current Representative is Joe Barton who has serve District 6 for 10 years.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | The current Representative is Joe Barton who has serve District 6 for 10 years. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} He has been serving since 1985 |
<BOP> Annual precipitation is 40 inches (1,020 mm) which is fairly spread throughout the year. Owing to its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and its location in South Jersey, Atlantic City receives less snow than a good portion of the rest of New Jersey. Even at the airport, where low temperatures are often much lower than along the coast, snow averages only 16.5 inches (41.9 cm) each winter. It is very common for rain to fall in Atlantic City while the northern and western parts of the state are receiving snow. <EOP> <BOQ> Atlantic City is different from the northern and western parts of the state in the winter due to its tendency to receive which type of precipitation? <EOQ> | Atlantic City is different from the northern and western parts of the state in the winter due to its tendency to receive which type of precipitation? | <BOL> rain <EOL> |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'Sveinn Ólafur Gunnarsson is an award winning Icelandic stage and film actor who starred in and co-wrote 2011's "Either Way", Ragnar Bragason's "Metalhead" and Baltasar Kormákur's "The Deep". Gunnarsson stars in the film Rams which premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival. He also stars in the upcoming American film "Autumn Lights".' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'Sveinn Ólafur Gunnarsson was born in Iceland' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | Sveinn Ólafur Gunnarsson was born in Iceland | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} For Sveinn to be Icelandic, he would need to be born in Iceland. |
<BOP> The army's major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles. It took long wars (1818–58) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma. The usual strategy in Indian wars was to seize control of the Indians winter food supply, but that was no use in Florida where there was no winter. The second strategy was to form alliances with other Indian tribes, but that too was useless because the Seminoles had destroyed all the other Indians when they entered Florida in the late eighteenth century. <EOP> <BOQ> What Indian tribe was the Army's major campaign against? <EOQ> | What Indian tribe was the Army's major campaign against? | <BOL> Seminoles <EOL> |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Wye Bridge Ward was one of four wards in the town of Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales. Streets in the ward included St Mary's Street, Almshouse Street, St James Street, St James Square, Whitecross Street and Monk Street. The ward existed as a division of the town by the early seventeenth century, and continued into the twentieth century.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The ward existed as a division of the town from 1620 through the twentieth century.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | The ward existed as a division of the town from 1620 through the twentieth century. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Although there is information that the ward was a division of the town in the early 17th century, we have no information as to which specific years it existed. |
Given the detailed context: 'This page is a list of present-day bridges over the River Seine and its channels, sorted by département, and then sorted from downstream to upstream. After each bridge is listed the name of the communes which it links together, with the one on the right bank of the river given first. The list does not include bridges over its tributaries.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Bridge is listed before the name' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Bridge is listed before the name | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It says after each bridge there is a name |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Serial Killers Ink is a website dedicated to selling "murderabilia" (collectibles related to murders, murderers or other violent crimes) and serial killer art, interviewing convicted serial killers and also serves as a meeting place for those interested or involved in the murderabilia industry.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Serial Killers Ink is safe for children' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | Serial Killers Ink is safe for children | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Serial killers are not a safe place for kids |
<BOP> The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. For example, competitive public games took place, ideas in biology, and popular entertainment in theaters. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism. <EOP> <BOQ> What signified the emergence of the Roman Empire? <EOQ> | What signified the emergence of the Roman Empire? | <BOL> Battle of Actium <EOL> |
<BOP> In February 2010 Shell and Cosan formed a 50:50 joint-venture, Raízen, comprising all of Cosan's Brazilian ethanol, energy generation, fuel distribution and sugar activities, and all of Shell's Brazilian retail fuel and aviation distribution businesses. In March 2010, Shell announced the sale of some of its assets, including its liquid petroleum gas (LPG) business, to meet the cost of a planned $28bn capital spending programme. Shell invited buyers to submit indicative bids, due by 22 March, with a plan to raise $2–3bn from the sale. In June 2010, Royal Dutch Shell agreed to acquire all the business of East Resources for a cash consideration of $4.7 billion. The transaction included East Resources' tight gas fields. <EOP> <BOQ> What was the name of the 50:50 joint venture formed by Shell and Cosan? <EOQ> | What was the name of the 50:50 joint venture formed by Shell and Cosan? | <BOL> Raízen <EOL> |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'How to move columns in excel<br>Select the column (or columns, if they're adjacent) that you wish to move. You can select the column by clicking on the column header which is the letter visible by the ruler. Cut the information in the column.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'You can quickly move the columns in excel by first choosing one or more columns by clicking' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | You can quickly move the columns in excel by first choosing one or more columns by clicking | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} You can move the columns in excel by clicking on them, that is the same as choosing them by clicking, so my statement is correct |
From the information in: <BOP> 'Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales. It is the second installment of the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy, and stars Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Hayden Christensen, Ian McDiarmid, Samuel L. Jackson, Christopher Lee, Temuera Morrison, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker and Frank Oz.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by Lucas and Jonathan Hales and written by George Lucas' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by Lucas and Jonathan Hales and written by George Lucas | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones is a 2002 American epic space opera film directed by George Lucas and written by Lucas and Jonathan Hales not the other way around |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Otryadyn Gündegmaa (Mongolian: Отрядын Гүндэгмаа , born 23 May 1978), is a Mongolian sports shooter. She competed in 10 m and 25 m pistol events at the 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics, and had her best results in the 25 pistol, winning a silver medal in 2008 and placing fifth-sixth in 1996–2004.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Otryadyn Gündegmaa was born on May 23rd' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | Otryadyn Gündegmaa was born on May 23rd | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It is stated that Otryadyn Gündegmaa was born on May 23rd, 1978 and I stated that Otryadyn Gündegmaa was born on May 23rd. I think this was difficult for the system because of the way it was worded. |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'Davenport missed Wednesday's practice due to an undisclosed injury but was seen working on the sidelines Thursday, Josh Katzenstein of The New Orleans Times-Picayune reports. It's unclear exactly what is bothering Davenport, but he was at least able to do some individual work on the side Thursday. The rookie defensive end has reportedly been going through some growing pains in his first training camp, and Davenport will need to get healthy and back on the field as soon as possible in order to prove his worth as the 14th overall pick.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Josh Katzenstein is a reporter' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | Josh Katzenstein is a reporter | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Josh Katzenstein reported a story |
Given the detailed context: 'Common Law Cabin (original title "How Much Lovin' Does a Normal Couple Need?") is a 1967 exploitation film directed by Russ Meyer. The movie features Alaina Capri and Meyer regulars Babette Bardot and Jack Moran. It was co-written by Russ Meyer and Jack Moran, and filmed on location on the Colorado River in Arizona. Other portions of the film were shot in the Coachella Valley, California.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Russ Meyer was on set in California for the movie.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Russ Meyer was on set in California for the movie. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} We do not know if Russ was on set or not. |
With the given context: <BOP> 'The Death and Life of John F. Donovan is an upcoming Canadian drama film, co-written, co-produced and directed by Xavier Dolan in his English-language debut. It stars Kit Harington, Natalie Portman, Jessica Chastain, Susan Sarandon, Kathy Bates, Jacob Tremblay, Ben Schnetzer, Thandie Newton, Amara Karan, Chris Zylka, Jared Keeso, Emily Hampshire and Michael Gambon.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Death and Life of John F. Donovan is not avialable to view yet.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | The Death and Life of John F. Donovan is not avialable to view yet. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The Death and Life of John F. Donovan is a film from the Northern Hemisphere. |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'How Green Was My Valley is a BBC Television serial based on the novel by Richard Llewellyn, and features one of the last performances by Stanley Baker. It was first shown in the UK from 29 December 1975 in six weekly parts, while producer Martin Lisemore also cast Siân Phillips in his next production, "I Claudius" (1976).' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> '"I Claudius" was released to the public over ten years ago.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | "I Claudius" was released to the public over ten years ago. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Technically, 1976 was over ten years ago. I think the system got this wrong because it was an arbitrarily selected period of time. |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Zambia Sugar Plc, is a company based in Mazabuka, Southern Province, Zambia and is the largest sugar producer in Zambia. The company is listed on the Lusaka Stock Exchange (symbol: ZSUG) with 82% of the shares held by Illovo Sugar Limited of South Africa (a subsidiary of Associated British Foods) and the balance by institutional and private shareholders in Zambia.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Institutional and private shareholders in Zambia own less than 20% of the shares for Zambia Sugar Plc.' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Institutional and private shareholders in Zambia own less than 20% of the shares for Zambia Sugar Plc. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} They own the balance which is 18% of the shares, which is less than 20%. It's difficult because verifying the statement requires multiple calculations and analyzing different parts of the text. |
<BOP> Later chapters provide evidence that evolution has occurred, supporting the idea of branching, adaptive evolution without directly proving that selection is the mechanism. Darwin presents supporting facts drawn from many disciplines, showing that his theory could explain a myriad of observations from many fields of natural history that were inexplicable under the alternate concept that species had been individually created. The structure of Darwin's argument showed the influence of John Herschel, whose philosophy of science maintained that a mechanism could be called a vera causa (true cause) if three things could be demonstrated: its existence in nature, its ability to produce the effects of interest, and its ability to explain a wide range of observations. <EOP> <BOQ> What are the three things John Herschel maintains need to be shown to allow for a mechanism be called a true cause? <EOQ> | What are the three things John Herschel maintains need to be shown to allow for a mechanism be called a true cause? | <BOL> its existence in nature, its ability to produce the effects of interest, and its ability to explain a wide range of observations <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Brynn Anderson/Associated Press Former NFL wide receiver Terrell Owens announced on Thursday he will not attend the 2018 Pro Football Hall of Fame enshrinement ceremony Aug. 4 in Canton, Ohio. Adam Schefter of ESPN provided a statement from Owens, who was elected to the 2018 class alongside Bobby Beathard, Robert Brazile, Brian Dawkins, Jerry Kramer, Ray Lewis, Randy Moss and Brian Urlacher: This article will be updated to provide more information on this story as it becomes available. Get the best sports content from the web and social in the new B/R app. Get the app and get the game.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> '5 people were inducted in the class of 2018' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | 5 people were inducted in the class of 2018 | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It is incorrect because it tells us a list of 8 people that were inducted, so it wasn't only 5 people. The system confuses this because it doesn't taken into account the entire list of people |
Examine the information in <BOP> 'Uncommon Danger is the second novel by British thriller writer Eric Ambler, published in 1937. In his autobiography, "Here Lies", Ambler explains the original title was "Background To Danger", but his British publisher disliked the word 'background', so it was published in all English-speaking countries except the US as "Uncommon Danger".' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'Uncommon Danger is the last novel by British thriller writer Eric Ambler, published in 1937' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion. | Uncommon Danger is the last novel by British thriller writer Eric Ambler, published in 1937 | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} We aren't sure if it's the last novel or not |
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