instruction
stringlengths
216
3.44k
input
stringlengths
1
284
output
stringlengths
13
716
<BOP> Throughout the 18th century, the watchword of translators was ease of reading. Whatever they did not understand in a text, or thought might bore readers, they omitted. They cheerfully assumed that their own style of expression was the best, and that texts should be made to conform to it in translation. For scholarship they cared no more than had their predecessors, and they did not shrink from making translations from translations in third languages, or from languages that they hardly knew, or—as in the case of James Macpherson's "translations" of Ossian—from texts that were actually of the "translator's" own composition. <EOP> <BOQ> How much did the translators care about scholarship? <EOQ>
How much did the translators care about scholarship?
<BOL> no more than had their predecessors <EOL>
Given the detailed context: 'Lofar is a Telugu film directed by Puri Jagannadh. It features Varun Tej and Disha Patani in the lead roles while Revathi and Posani Krishna Murali appear in crucial supporting roles. The film was officially launched on 8 July 2015 in Hyderabad. Earlier makers revealed the first look posters and trailer of the movie which received good response in the social media.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'The film was written and directed before it was launched.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
The film was written and directed before it was launched.
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The film would have had to have been written and directed before it was launched, or it would not have existed to be launched. The system does not seem to understand that concept.
<BOP> Serious American students of theology and divinity, particularly in New England, regarded Hebrew as a classical language, along with Greek and Latin, and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words. The Reverend Ezra Stiles, president of the College from 1778 to 1795, brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language (as was common in other schools), requiring all freshmen to study Hebrew (in contrast to Harvard, where only upperclassmen were required to study the language) and is responsible for the Hebrew phrase אורים ותמים (Urim and Thummim) on the Yale seal. Stiles' greatest challenge occurred in July 1779 when hostile British forces occupied New Haven and threatened to raze the College. However, Yale graduate Edmund Fanning, Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation, interceded and the College was saved. Fanning later was granted an honorary degree LL.D., at 1803, for his efforts. <EOP> <BOQ> What degree was Edmund Fanning given for his services? <EOQ>
What degree was Edmund Fanning given for his services?
<BOL> an honorary degree LL.D <EOL>
<BOP> Louis did not leave a son as heir after his death in 1382. Instead, he named as his heir the young prince Sigismund of Luxemburg, who was 11 years old. The Hungarian nobility did not accept his claim, and the result was an internal war. Sigismund eventually achieved total control of Hungary and established his court in Buda and Visegrád. Both palaces were rebuilt and improved, and were considered the richest of the time in Europe. Inheriting the throne of Bohemia and the Holy Roman Empire, Sigismund continued conducting his politics from Hungary, but he was kept busy fighting the Hussites and the Ottoman Empire, which was becoming a menace to Europe in the beginning of the 15th century. <EOP> <BOQ> In what year did Louis die? <EOQ>
In what year did Louis die?
<BOL> 1382 <EOL>
<BOP> Federalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplified in the founding example of modern federalism of the United States of America under the Constitution of 1789, is a relationship of parity between the two levels of government established. It can thus be defined as a form of government in which there is a division of powers between two levels of government of equal status. <EOP> <BOQ> How many governments are apart of federalism? <EOQ>
How many governments are apart of federalism?
<BOL> relationship of parity between the two levels of government <EOL>
With the premise: <BOP> 'Spencer Chamberlain (born January 4, 1983) is an American musician, best known for being the current lead vocalist for the metalcore band Underoath. Before fronting Underoath, Chamberlain was the vocalist for the band This Runs Through in which his brother, Phil Chamberlain, was the drummer (who is also the drummer for To Speak of Wolves). He is currently the vocalist of Sleepwave.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Now his brother is in a different band' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.
Now his brother is in a different band
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Context states his brother is the dummer for "To Speak of Wolves" and then theres Chamberlain(main guy)-"He is currently the vocalist of Sleepwave" 2 different bands. The AI was confused because it knows the brothers were in a band but I said now his brother is in a different band, which according the the context is correct.
<BOP> Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) tried to reconcile rationalism and religious belief, individual freedom and political authority, as well as map out a view of the public sphere through private and public reason. Kant's work continued to shape German thought, and indeed all of European philosophy, well into the 20th century. Mary Wollstonecraft was one of England's earliest feminist philosophers. She argued for a society based on reason, and that women, as well as men, should be treated as rational beings. She is best known for her work A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1791). <EOP> <BOQ> In what year was Immanuel Kant born? <EOQ>
In what year was Immanuel Kant born?
<BOL> 1724 <EOL>
Given the premise: <BOP> 'How to use social media to aid weight loss<br>Find a weight loss community. One of the biggest benefits that social media has for weight loss is that it helps build a sense of community support for users. You're connected with thousands of others who are also looking to lose weight.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Overweight people on social media are looking for a sense of community' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.
Overweight people on social media are looking for a sense of community
{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The motivation for being on social media is not outlined in the statement. It is possible that people on social media could be looking for community, but social media has other uses such as entertainment (ie: youtube), therefore other possible motivations were difficult for the computer to process, the computer likely viewed it as correct because it mirrored the language in the statement.
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Gálveztown was the HMS "West Florida", which the Continental Navy schooner USS "Morris" captured at the Battle of Lake Pontchartrain, which was then in the British province of West Florida. "West Florida" became the Gálveztown, supposedly under the command of Bernardo de Gálvez, the Spanish governor of Louisiana (New Spain).' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'USS "Morris" captured the Spanish governor at the Battle of Lake Pontchartrain.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.
USS "Morris" captured the Spanish governor at the Battle of Lake Pontchartrain.
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Gálveztown was captured by USS "Morris" and not the Spanish governor.
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Murder in Amsterdam: The Death of Theo Van Gogh and the Limits of Tolerance is a 2006 book by Ian Buruma. "The Guardian" describes it as, "part reportage, part essay." It explores the impact of mass immigration from Muslim countries on Dutch culture through the lens of the murder of film director and anti-immigration activist, Theo van Gogh.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Theo van Gogh made documentary films.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
Theo van Gogh made documentary films.
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Theo van Gogh is a film director, but the text doesn't mention the kind of films he makes. The system might assume based on context that he makes documentaries.
Given the context: <BOP> 'Once With Feeling<br>After the band played the crowd clapped politely. The band leader thought that they could do better. He raised his baton and conducted the song once more. He gestured to the musicians to play better and with more feeling. At the end of the second play the crowd went wild.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'The crowd slammed their hands together at great speed' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.
The crowd slammed their hands together at great speed
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} system doesnt know definition of clapping
<BOP> Other trees of note include the royal palm, sea grape trees in the form of shrubs on the beaches and as 5 to 7 m trees in the interior areas of the island, aloe or aloe vera (brought from the Mediterranean), the night blooming cereus, mamillaria nivosa, yellow prickly pear or barbary fig which was planted as barbed wire defences against invading British army in 1773, Mexican cactus, stapelia gigantea, golden trumpet or yellow bell which was originally from South America, bougainvillea and others. <EOP> <BOQ> What is the name of the night blooming flower on St. Barts? <EOQ>
What is the name of the night blooming flower on St. Barts?
<BOL> cereus <EOL>
<BOP> The Reformation in Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483–1546) and his 95 Theses. The Reformation greatly changed the Baltic region. Its ideas came quickly to the Livonian Confederation and by the 1520s were widespread. Language, education, religion and politics were transformed. Church services were now conducted in the vernacular instead of in Latin, previously used. During the Livonian War in 1561, northern Estonia submitted to Swedish control. In the 1560s two voivodeships of present-day southern Estonia, Dorpat Voivodeship (Tartu region) and Parnawa Voivodeship (Pärnu region), became the autonomous Duchy of Livonia within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, under joint control of the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy. In 1629, mainland Estonia came entirely under Swedish rule. Estonia was administratively divided between the provinces of Estonia in the north and Livonia in southern Estonia and northern Latvia. This division persisted until the early twentieth century. <EOP> <BOQ> What parts of society did the Reformation change? <EOQ>
What parts of society did the Reformation change?
<BOL> Language, education, religion and politics <EOL>
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Close Friends<br>I once had a really close friend that I went to school with. We always looked out for each other. One day he moved off to school. I was sad that we would not see each other. Fortunately, I was able to buy a phone so we could talk everyday.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'They think their friendship is good.' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
They think their friendship is good.
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} They were sad they couldn't see them.
Given the detailed context: 'How to help prevent epidemics from spreading<br>Wash your hands when preparing food or going to the bathroom. Practice good hand hygiene by washing your hands with antibacterial soap and water for at least 20-40 seconds. Make sure you wash your hands before and after you prepare food as well as before and after you go to the bathroom to prevent the spread of germs.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Half a minute is a good duration for hand washing' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
Half a minute is a good duration for hand washing
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The statement says that you should wash hands for 20-40 seconds. 30 seconds fits within that frame perfectly making my statement correct. The model might have been confused by the sentence structure.
<BOP> Domestically, Menzies presided over a fairly regulated economy in which utilities were publicly owned, and commercial activity was highly regulated through centralised wage-fixing and high tariff protection. Liberal leaders from Menzies to Malcolm Fraser generally maintained Australia's high tariff levels. At that time the Liberals' coalition partner, the Country Party, the older of the two in the coalition (now known as the "National Party"), had considerable influence over the government's economic policies. It was not until the late 1970s and through their period out of power federally in the 1980s that the party came to be influenced by what was known as the "New Right" – a conservative liberal group who advocated market deregulation, privatisation of public utilities, reductions in the size of government programs and tax cuts. <EOP> <BOQ> Were utilities publically or privately owned in Menzie's economy? <EOQ>
Were utilities publically or privately owned in Menzie's economy?
<BOL> publicly <EOL>
Given the detailed context: 'The interest of the automotive industry increases and the first amplifier project, a four-channel output module for the German car manufacturer, Porsche, is finished.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'the automotive industry is a smaller industry' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
the automotive industry is a smaller industry
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It depends on what you compare it to, it could be smaller or bigger than another industry
From the information in: <BOP> 'The streets of New Hampton were relatively quiet on Saturday evening as New Hampton Police Officer Chad McGee patrolled the city.It wasn't a typical Saturday evening; after all, it was Christmas Eve.Still, McGee knew at any time he could be called."I've done enough Christmases to know that things happen," he said. "You have families together in close quarters, sometimes there's alcohol involved and yes, we've dealt with domestics ... even on Christmas Eve and Christmas Day."For the complete story see the 12/27/2016 New Hampton Tribune.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Some officers were not patrolling on Christmas.' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
Some officers were not patrolling on Christmas.
{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The context says Chad McGee is patrolling, but doesn't say if any officers are not patrolling.
<BOP> Firmware is the technology which has the combination of both hardware and software such as BIOS chip inside a computer. This chip (hardware) is located on the motherboard and has the BIOS set up (software) stored in it. <EOP> <BOQ> A BIOS chip is located where in a computer? <EOQ>
A BIOS chip is located where in a computer?
<BOL> the motherboard <EOL>
<BOP> In 1877, the Protestant James Cameron from the China Inland Mission walked from Chongqing to Batang in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan province, and "brought the Gospel to the Tibetan people." Beginning in the 20th century, in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan, a large number of Lisu people and some Yi and Nu people converted to Christianity. Famous earlier missionaries include James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall and Isobel Kuhn of the China Inland Mission, among others who were active in this area. <EOP> <BOQ> How were James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall, and Isobel Kuhn involved with Tibet? <EOQ>
How were James O. Fraser, Alfred James Broomhall, and Isobel Kuhn involved with Tibet?
<BOL> Famous earlier missionaries <EOL>
<BOP> At the end of the 1990s, Israel, under the leadership of Benjamin Netanyahu, withdrew from Hebron, and signed the Wye River Memorandum, giving greater control to the Palestinian National Authority. Ehud Barak, elected Prime Minister in 1999, began the new millennium by withdrawing forces from Southern Lebanon and conducting negotiations with Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat and U.S. President Bill Clinton at the 2000 Camp David Summit. During the summit, Barak offered a plan for the establishment of a Palestinian state. The proposed state included the entirety of the Gaza Strip and over 90% of the West Bank with Jerusalem as a shared capital, although some argue that the plan was to annex areas which would lead to a cantonization of the West Bank into three blocs, which the Palestinian delegation likened to South African "bantustans", a loaded word that was disputed by the Israeli and American negotiators. Each side blamed the other for the failure of the talks. <EOP> <BOQ> Who led Israel in the 1990s? <EOQ>
Who led Israel in the 1990s?
<BOL> Benjamin Netanyahu <EOL>
<BOP> Glaciers are present on every continent and approximately fifty countries, excluding those (Australia, South Africa) that have glaciers only on distant subantarctic island territories. Extensive glaciers are found in Antarctica, Chile, Canada, Alaska, Greenland and Iceland. Mountain glaciers are widespread, especially in the Andes, the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains, the Caucasus, and the Alps. Mainland Australia currently contains no glaciers, although a small glacier on Mount Kosciuszko was present in the last glacial period. In New Guinea, small, rapidly diminishing, glaciers are located on its highest summit massif of Puncak Jaya. Africa has glaciers on Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, on Mount Kenya and in the Rwenzori Mountains. Oceanic islands with glaciers occur on Iceland, Svalbard, New Zealand, Jan Mayen and the subantarctic islands of Marion, Heard, Grande Terre (Kerguelen) and Bouvet. During glacial periods of the Quaternary, Taiwan, Hawaii on Mauna Kea and Tenerife also had large alpine glaciers, while the Faroe and Crozet Islands were completely glaciated. <EOP> <BOQ> Which continent contains glaciers? <EOQ>
Which continent contains glaciers?
<BOL> every continent <EOL>
<BOP> An additional extension to MPEG-2 is named MPEG-2.5 audio, as MPEG-3 already had a different meaning. This extension was developed at Fraunhofer IIS, the registered MP3 patent holders. Like MPEG-2, MPEG-2.5 adds new sampling rates exactly half of that previously possible with MPEG-2. It thus widens the scope of MP3 to include human speech and other applications requiring only 25% of the frequency reproduction possible with MPEG-1. While not an ISO recognized standard, MPEG-2.5 is widely supported by both inexpensive and brand name digital audio players as well as computer software based MP3 encoders and decoders. A sample rate comparison between MPEG-1, 2 and 2.5 is given further down. MPEG-2.5 was not developed by MPEG and was never approved as an international standard. MPEG-2.5 is thus an unofficial or proprietary extension to the MP3 format. <EOP> <BOQ> The new sampling rates widened the scope of MP3 to be able to include what? <EOQ>
The new sampling rates widened the scope of MP3 to be able to include what?
<BOL> human speech <EOL>
<BOP> A Turco-Mongol conqueror in Central Asia, Timur (Tamerlane), attacked the reigning Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud of the Tughlaq Dynasty in the north Indian city of Delhi. The Sultan's army was defeated on 17 December 1398. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, after Timur's army had killed and plundered for three days and nights. He ordered the whole city to be sacked except for the sayyids, scholars, and the "other Muslims" (artists); 100,000 war prisoners were put to death in one day. The Sultanate suffered significantly from the sacking of Delhi revived briefly under the Lodi Dynasty, but it was a shadow of the former. <EOP> <BOQ> What were exempted from death by Timur when ordering Delhi sacked? <EOQ>
What were exempted from death by Timur when ordering Delhi sacked?
<BOL> sayyids <EOL>
<BOP> Forty of the city's theaters, with more than 500 seats each, are collectively known as Broadway, after the major thoroughfare that crosses the Times Square Theater District, sometimes referred to as "The Great White Way". According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately US$1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013–2014 season, an 11.4% increase from US$1.139 billion in the 2012–2013 season. Attendance in 2013–2014 stood at 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012–2013 season's 11.57 million. <EOP> <BOQ> In 2012-3, what number of people saw a show on Broadway? <EOQ>
In 2012-3, what number of people saw a show on Broadway?
<BOL> 11.57 million <EOL>
<BOP> All Mainland Chinese television stations (along with some stations in Hong Kong and expatriate communities) cancelled all regularly-scheduled programming, displayed their logo in grayscale, and replaced their cancelled programmes with live earthquake footage from CCTV-1 for multiple days after the quake. Even pay television channels (such as Channel V) had their programmes suspended. <EOP> <BOQ> What about pay TV channels? <EOQ>
What about pay TV channels?
<BOL> programmes suspended <EOL>
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Following a referendum on secession in a province the bill provides for the House of Commons to determine if a clear majority of the people in that province had clearly expressed a will to cease to be part of Canada, and it sets out factors to be considered in making its determination.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'the House of Commons creates bills in Canada' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.
the House of Commons creates bills in Canada
{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} doesnt state if they create bills or not
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Tecmo Super NBA Basketball (テクモスーパーNBAバスケットボール ) is a basketball video game published by Tecmo for the Super NES. The game is the SNES equivalent of the original "Tecmo NBA Basketball". It also came out a year later (with updated rosters) for the Sega Genesis.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Tecmo Super NBA Basketball came out in 2018.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
Tecmo Super NBA Basketball came out in 2018.
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} They didn't list a year so there is no way to know what year it came out.
Considering the context: <BOP> '"Paul Revere" is a song by American hip hop group Beastie Boys, released as the third single from their debut album "Licensed to Ill" (1986). It was written by Adam Horovitz, Joseph Simmons, Darryl McDaniels, and Rick Rubin. It was produced by Rick Rubin and the Beastie Boys. The song tells a fictional story of how the Beastie Boys met.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The album was produced by Rick Rubin.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale.
The album was produced by Rick Rubin.
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Licensed to Ill was produced by Rick Rubin along with the Beastie Boys.
<BOP> The reefs at Funafuti have suffered damage, with 80 per cent of the coral becoming bleached as a consequence of the increase in ocean temperatures and ocean acidification. The coral bleaching, which includes staghorn corals, is attributed to the increase in water temperature that occurred during the El Niños that occurred from 1998–2000 and from 2000–2001. A reef restoration project has investigated reef restoration techniques; and researchers from Japan have investigated rebuilding the coral reefs through the introduction of foraminifera. The project of the Japan International Cooperation Agency is designed to increase the resilience of the Tuvalu coast against sea level rise through ecosystem rehabilitation and regeneration and through support for sand production. <EOP> <BOQ> What percentage of the Tuvalu coral has become bleached? <EOQ>
What percentage of the Tuvalu coral has become bleached?
<BOL> 80 per cent <EOL>
With the premise: <BOP> 'The Blender<br>Laurel liked to make healthy smoothies. She would put lots of yummy things in a fancy blender. Once it was blended, she'd drink it all. She perfected her smoothie recipes over the summer. Soon, she had a whole notebook full of them.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Laurel placed all of her recipes in a notebook.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.
Laurel placed all of her recipes in a notebook.
{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It is unknown if she place all of the recipes or just some into her notebook.
<BOP> Mobbing can be an interspecies activity: it is common for birds to respond to mobbing calls of a different species. Many birds will show up at the sight of mobbing and watch and call, but not participate. It should also be noted that some species can be on both ends of a mobbing attack. Crows are frequently mobbed by smaller songbirds as they prey on eggs and young from these birds' nests, but these same crows will cooperate with smaller birds to drive away hawks or larger mammalian predators. On occasion, birds will mob animals that pose no threat. <EOP> <BOQ> Is a species always the antagonist in a mobbing attack, or can it play roles on both sides? <EOQ>
Is a species always the antagonist in a mobbing attack, or can it play roles on both sides?
<BOL> species can be on both ends of a mobbing attack <EOL>
<BOP> Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointed Lord Rosebery as prime minister. His government was weak, and the following year Lord Salisbury replaced him. Salisbury remained prime minister for the remainder of Victoria's reign. <EOP> <BOQ> What year did Gadstone return to power? <EOQ>
What year did Gadstone return to power?
<BOL> 1892 <EOL>
<BOP> In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau. <EOP> <BOQ> When was Vieira, a former president, deposed? <EOQ>
When was Vieira, a former president, deposed?
<BOL> 1999 <EOL>
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Philippe von Stauffenberg, also known as "PVS", (born 1964) is a German businessman, residing in London, United Kingdom. He is the Managing Partner of Solidus Partners LLP, which he founded in 2004. Solidus Partners is a private equity firm, which makes investments in Media and Green Technologies.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Philippe was born on an even numbered year.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.
Philippe was born on an even numbered year.
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} He was born in 1964. I'm not sure why the system missed this one.
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Benny Bell (born Benjamin Samberg or Benjamin Zamberg, March 21, 1906 – July 6, 1999) was an American singer-songwriter who reached popularity in the 1940s, with a comeback in the 1970s. He is particularly remembered for his risqué but cheerfully optimistic songs.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Benny was a nickname.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.
Benny was a nickname.
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} His birth name is Benjamin, but he was known as Benny which makes it a nickname
Examine the information in <BOP> 'Fragaria × vescana is a hybrid strawberry cultivar that was created in an effort to combine the best traits of the garden strawberry ("Fragaria" × "ananassa"), which has large berries and vigorous plants, with the woodland strawberry ("Fragaria vesca"), which has an exquisite flavour, but small berries.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'small berries and large berries make good hybrids' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.
small berries and large berries make good hybrids
{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Although this combination worked, we don't know if others will make good hybrids. The system was fooled since it believed all berries would make good hybrid
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'If toxic waste containg cyanide is not disposed of properly, it may drain into ponds, streams, sewers, and reservoirs.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'There is usually cyanide in toxic waste.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.
There is usually cyanide in toxic waste.
{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The passage does not say whether there is usually Cyanide in toxic waste. It can be in it, but no way to know if it is usually in it.
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'A Red Bull and a Colonel on a horse will come , but first , my father said , will come the two men making ready the ground for these matters .<br>That is how my father said they always did ; and it is always so when men work magic . '<br>If the woman had sent Kim up to the local Jadoo-Gher with those papers , he would , of course , have been taken over by the Provincial Lodge , and sent to the Masonic Orphanage in the Hills ; but what she had heard of magic she distrusted .' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Kim learned magic at the Masonic Orphanage.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?
Kim learned magic at the Masonic Orphanage.
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Kim would have gone to the Masonic Orphanage if the woman has sent him with the papers, but she distrusted Magic, meaning he did not go.
<BOP> Traditionally the Rajputs, Jats, Meenas, Gurjars, Bhils, Rajpurohit, Charans, Yadavs, Bishnois, Sermals, PhulMali (Saini) and other tribes made a great contribution in building the state of Rajasthan. All these tribes suffered great difficulties in protecting their culture and the land. Millions of them were killed trying to protect their land. A number of Gurjars had been exterminated in Bhinmal and Ajmer areas fighting with the invaders. Bhils once ruled Kota. Meenas were rulers of Bundi and the Dhundhar region. <EOP> <BOQ> What is another way to refer to the PhulMali? <EOQ>
What is another way to refer to the PhulMali?
<BOL> Saini <EOL>
From the information in: <BOP> 'Wrong Can<br>Tim was working on his car. He was drinking a soda. He had also used a can to catch some oil. Tim mistook the top cans. He spat out a lot of oil.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Tim drunk the oil mistakenly.' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
Tim drunk the oil mistakenly.
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Tim used a can to catch some oil. He spat out a lot of oil after was drinking from this can because there was oil in the can.
<BOP> On 15 July 1974, the Greek military junta under Dimitrios Ioannides carried out a coup d'état in Cyprus, to unite the island with Greece. The coup ousted president Makarios III and replaced him with pro-enosis nationalist Nikos Sampson. In response to the coup, five days later, on 20 July 1974, the Turkish army invaded the island, citing a right to intervene to restore the constitutional order from the 1960 Treaty of Guarantee. This justification has been rejected by the United Nations and the international community. <EOP> <BOQ> Which organization rejected the justification used by Turkey to invade? <EOQ>
Which organization rejected the justification used by Turkey to invade?
<BOL> United Nations <EOL>
<BOP> 40°48′27″N 73°57′18″W / 40.8076°N 73.9549°W / 40.8076; -73.9549 120th Street traverses the neighborhoods of Morningside Heights, Harlem, and Spanish Harlem. It begins on Riverside Drive at the Interchurch Center. It then runs east between the campuses of Barnard College and the Union Theological Seminary, then crosses Broadway and runs between the campuses of Columbia University and Teacher's College. The street is interrupted by Morningside Park. It then continues east, eventually running along the southern edge of Marcus Garvey Park, passing by 58 West, the former residence of Maya Angelou. It then continues through Spanish Harlem; when it crosses Pleasant Avenue it becomes a two‑way street and continues nearly to the East River, where for automobiles, it turns north and becomes Paladino Avenue, and for pedestrians, continues as a bridge across FDR Drive. <EOP> <BOQ> Who formerly lived at 58 West? <EOQ>
Who formerly lived at 58 West?
<BOL> Maya Angelou <EOL>
Given the premise: <BOP> 'Stabiae was an ancient Roman town near the modern town of Castellammare di Stabia and approximately 4.5 km southwest of Pompeii, and which became famous for the magnificent Roman villas found there in recent times. The beautiful objects and frescoes taken from these villas were often sold and distributed, while many can be found in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The villas found near Castellammare di Stabia were built during ancient times.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision.
The villas found near Castellammare di Stabia were built during ancient times.
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It's clear from the description that the villas were ancient/Roman and not discovered til recently, but the inclusion of the modern town name in the prepositional phrase fooled the model.
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'The Deserve the Future Tour was a worldwide concert tour by American rock supergroup Them Crooked Vultures. The tour began on August 9, 2009, and ran until July 30, 2010, after a run of shows in Japan, and visited North America, Europe and Oceania. The tour was in support of the band's debut album.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Deserve the Future Tour ran for 4 years.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?
The Deserve the Future Tour ran for 4 years.
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The tour only ran for 11 months.
Given the detailed context: 'Sophie Lang Goes West is a 1937 American crime film directed by Charles Reisner and written by Frederick Irving Anderson, Doris Anderson, Brian Marlow and Robert Wyler. The film stars Gertrude Michael, Lee Bowman, Sandra Storme, Buster Crabbe, Barlowe Borland, C. Henry Gordon and Jed Prouty. The film was released on September 10, 1937, by Paramount Pictures.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Gertrude Michael regrets turning down a starring role in Sophie Lang Goes West.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
Gertrude Michael regrets turning down a starring role in Sophie Lang Goes West.
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} According to the context, Gertrude Michael stars in Sophie Lang Goes West. Obviously, she did not turn down the role.
<BOP> The connector construction always ensures that the external sheath on the plug makes contact with its counterpart in the receptacle before any of the four connectors within make electrical contact. The external metallic sheath is typically connected to system ground, thus dissipating damaging static charges. This enclosure design also provides a degree of protection from electromagnetic interference to the USB signal while it travels through the mated connector pair (the only location when the otherwise twisted data pair travels in parallel). In addition, because of the required sizes of the power and common connections, they are made after the system ground but before the data connections. This type of staged make-break timing allows for electrically safe hot-swapping. <EOP> <BOQ> What provides a degree of protection from interference with the USB signal? <EOQ>
What provides a degree of protection from interference with the USB signal?
<BOL> This enclosure design <EOL>
Given the detailed context: 'The sale was made to pay Yukos' US$ 27.5 billion tax bill, Yuganskneftegaz was originally sold for US$ 9.4 billion to a little known company Baikalfinansgroup which was later bought by the Russian state-owned oil company Rosneft .', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Yukos was a Russian company.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
Yukos was a Russian company.
{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The statement is in the correct category because the excerpt says that Rosneft was a Russian company, but does not say what country Yukos was from. The system may have had difficulty because the excerpt did not specify what Yukos is or where it was from.
<BOP> On election day (6 May 2010), The Sun urged its readers to vote for David Cameron's "modern and positive" Conservatives in order to save Britain from "disaster" which the paper thought the country would face if the Labour government was re-elected. The election ended in the first hung parliament after an election for 36 years, with the Tories gaining the most seats and votes but being 20 seats short of an overall majority. They finally came to power on 11 May when Gordon Brown stepped down as prime minister, paving the way for David Cameron to become prime minister by forming a coalition with the Liberal Democrats. <EOP> <BOQ> Who did The Sun advocate for the 2010 election? <EOQ>
Who did The Sun advocate for the 2010 election?
<BOL> David Cameron <EOL>
<BOP> On July 19, 2013, West was leaving LAX as he was surrounded by dozens of paparazzi. West became increasingly agitated as a photographer, Daniel Ramos, continued to ask him why people were not allowed to speak in his presence. West then says, "I told you don't talk to me, right? You trying to get me in trouble so I steal off on you and have to pay you like $250,000 and shit." Then he allegedly charged the man and grabbed him and his camera. The incident captured by TMZ, took place for a few seconds before a female voice can be heard telling West to stop. West then released the man, and his camera, and drove away from the scene. Medics were later called to the scene on behalf of the photographer who was grabbed. It was reported West could be charged with felony attempted robbery behind the matter. However, the charges were reduced to misdemeanor criminal battery and attempted grand theft. In March 2014, West was sentenced to serve two years' probation for the misdemeanor battery conviction and required to attend 24 anger management sessions, perform 250 hours of community service and pay restitution to Ramos. <EOP> <BOQ> What paparazzi member did Kanye attack at LAX in 2013? <EOQ>
What paparazzi member did Kanye attack at LAX in 2013?
<BOL> Daniel Ramos <EOL>
<BOP> Sir John Call argued the advantages of Norfolk Island in that it was uninhabited and that New Zealand flax grew there. In 1786 the British government included Norfolk Island as an auxiliary settlement, as proposed by John Call, in its plan for colonisation of New South Wales. The decision to settle Norfolk Island was taken due to Empress Catherine II of Russia's decision to restrict sales of hemp. Practically all the hemp and flax required by the Royal Navy for cordage and sailcloth was imported from Russia. <EOP> <BOQ> What woman influenced the decision by the British to settle Norfolk Island? <EOQ>
What woman influenced the decision by the British to settle Norfolk Island?
<BOL> Empress Catherine II of Russia <EOL>
<BOP> The Church Fathers identified Jews and Judaism with heresy. They saw deviations from Orthodox Christianity as heresies that were essentially Jewish in spirit. Tertullian implied that it was the Jews who most inspired heresy in Christianity: "From the Jew the heretic has accepted guidance in this discussion [that Jesus was not the Christ.]" Saint Peter of Antioch referred to Christians that refused to venerate religious images as having "Jewish minds". <EOP> <BOQ> What religion were these Fathers of the Church? <EOQ>
What religion were these Fathers of the Church?
<BOL> Orthodox Christianity <EOL>
<BOP> Two aspects of indigenous pre-Hispanic culture that withstood time are chenchule' and inafa'maolek. Chenchule' is the intricate system of reciprocity at the heart of Chamorro society. It is rooted in the core value of inafa'maolek. Historian Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 wrote, "In a Chamorro sense, the land and its produce belong to everyone. Inafa'maolek, or interdependence, is the key, or central value, in Chamorro culture ... Inafa'maolek depends on a spirit of cooperation and sharing. This is the armature, or core, that everything in Chamorro culture revolves around. It is a powerful concern for mutuality rather than individualism and private property rights." <EOP> <BOQ> What two indiginous pre-hispanic culture has survived to this point? <EOQ>
What two indiginous pre-hispanic culture has survived to this point?
<BOL> chenchule' and inafa'maolek <EOL>
<BOP> One of the most important developments that the Enlightenment era brought to the discipline of science was its popularization. An increasingly literate population seeking knowledge and education in both the arts and the sciences drove the expansion of print culture and the dissemination of scientific learning. The new literate population was due to a high rise in the availability of food. This enabled many people to rise out of poverty, and instead of paying more for food, they had money for education. Popularization was generally part of an overarching Enlightenment ideal that endeavoured "to make information available to the greatest number of people." As public interest in natural philosophy grew during the 18th century, public lecture courses and the publication of popular texts opened up new roads to money and fame for amateurs and scientists who remained on the periphery of universities and academies. More formal works included explanations of scientific theories for individuals lacking the educational background to comprehend the original scientific text. Sir Isaac Newton's celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education in the classics until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze the text in the vernacular. <EOP> <BOQ> Who wrote the celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica? <EOQ>
Who wrote the celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica?
<BOL> Sir Isaac Newton <EOL>
Given the context: <BOP> 'Daniel "Dee" Snider (born March 15, 1955) is an American singer-songwriter, screenwriter, radio personality, and actor. Snider came to prominence in the early 1980s as lead singer of the heavy metal band Twisted Sister. He was ranked 83 in the "Hit Parader"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Snider did not write songs for Twisted Sister' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.
Snider did not write songs for Twisted Sister
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The paragraph only mentions Snider being lead singer band Twisted Sister. So he may or may not have written songs for Twisted Sister as he was a songwriter too.
Examine the information in <BOP> 'The Hill Country Film Festival is a yearly film festival in Fredericksburg, Texas, United States. It was established in 2010. The executive director is Chad Matthews, and it is presented by the Hill Country Film Society, who hold free screenings at the festival and, afterward, monthly. In 2013, "Texas Monthly" selected it as a "quirky, discerning" pick.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'The Hill Country Film Festival is held in the southern region of the United States.' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.
The Hill Country Film Festival is held in the southern region of the United States.
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The text mentions the festival is held in Texas which is part of the southern United States.
With the given context: <BOP> 'The discography of Death, a metal band, consists of seven studio albums and four live albums. Death was an American metal band founded in 1983. The band's founder, Chuck Schuldiner, is considered "a pioneering force in death metal and grindcore". The band ceased to exist after Schuldiner died of brain cancer in 2001, though it remains an enduring metal brand.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Chuck Schuldiner died 19 years after the band was founded.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer.
Chuck Schuldiner died 19 years after the band was founded.
{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} he died 18 years after it was founded which makes it incorrect but the math was so close that the AI thought it was correct.
<BOP> On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body, and entered lunar orbit on December 24. They made ten orbits in twenty hours, and transmitted one of the most watched TV broadcasts in history, with their Christmas Eve program from lunar orbit, that concluded with a reading from the biblical Book of Genesis. Two and a half hours after the broadcast, they fired their engine to perform the first trans-Earth injection to leave lunar orbit and return to the Earth. Apollo 8 safely landed in the Pacific ocean on December 27, in NASA's first dawn splashdown and recovery. <EOP> <BOQ> What date did Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders leave Earth on the Apollo 8 mission? <EOQ>
What date did Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders leave Earth on the Apollo 8 mission?
<BOL> December 21, 1968 <EOL>
<BOP> Accordingly, leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary, and leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east, Frederick set off with his army for Saxony. The Prussian army marched in three columns. On the right was a column of about 15,000 men under the command of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. On the left was a column of 18,000 men under the command of the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern. In the centre was Frederick II, himself with Field Marshal James Keith commanding a corps of 30,000 troops. Ferdinand of Brunswick was to close in on the town of Chemnitz. The Duke of Brunswick-Bevern was to traverse Lusatia to close in on Bautzen. Meanwhile, Frederick and Field Marshal Keith would make for Dresden. <EOP> <BOQ> How did Frederick protect Silesia when he went to invade Saxony? <EOQ>
How did Frederick protect Silesia when he went to invade Saxony?
<BOL> leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary <EOL>
<BOP> Among predators there is a large degree of specialization. Many predators specialize in hunting only one species of prey. Others are more opportunistic and will kill and eat almost anything (examples: humans, leopards, dogs and alligators). The specialists are usually particularly well suited to capturing their preferred prey. The prey in turn, are often equally suited to escape that predator. This is called an evolutionary arms race and tends to keep the populations of both species in equilibrium. Some predators specialize in certain classes of prey, not just single species. Some will switch to other prey (with varying degrees of success) when the preferred target is extremely scarce, and they may also resort to scavenging or a herbivorous diet if possible.[citation needed] <EOP> <BOQ> What are some predators that will kill and eat nearly anything? <EOQ>
What are some predators that will kill and eat nearly anything?
<BOL> humans, leopards, dogs and alligators <EOL>
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'The Battle of Vauchamps (14 February 1814) was the final major engagement of the Six Days Campaign of the War of the Sixth Coalition. It resulted in a part of the Grande Armée under Napoleon I defeating a superior Prussian and Russian force of the Army of Silesia under Field-marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The battle of Vauchamps was a Valentines Day, 1814 military engagement.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?
The battle of Vauchamps was a Valentines Day, 1814 military engagement.
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} February 14th is Valentines Day. The battle happened on that day. The AI does not know that Valentines day is on February 14th every year.
<BOP> The signatures of the parties' representatives follow at the very end. When the text of a treaty is later reprinted, such as in a collection of treaties currently in effect, an editor will often append the dates on which the respective parties ratified the treaty and on which it came into effect for each party. <EOP> <BOQ> Each party must have done what in order for the treaty to come into effect? <EOQ>
Each party must have done what in order for the treaty to come into effect?
<BOL> ratified the treaty <EOL>
<BOP> Cooperative breeding in birds typically occurs when offspring, usually males, delay dispersal from their natal group in order to remain with the family to help rear younger kin. Female offspring rarely stay at home, dispersing over distances that allow them to breed independently, or to join unrelated groups. In general, inbreeding is avoided because it leads to a reduction in progeny fitness (inbreeding depression) due largely to the homozygous expression of deleterious recessive alleles. Cross-fertilization between unrelated individuals ordinarily leads to the masking of deleterious recessive alleles in progeny. <EOP> <BOQ> What occurs when offspring delay dispersal from their natal group? <EOQ>
What occurs when offspring delay dispersal from their natal group?
<BOL> Cooperative breeding <EOL>
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Oak Furniture Land is a privately owned British furniture retailer of fully assembled hardwood cabinetry furniture, sofas, beds and mattresses for bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, nurseries and small office/home offices. The company has 74 stores across the UK, and its headquarters in Swindon in Wiltshire, England.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Oak Furniture Land does not have headquarters in continental europe' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
Oak Furniture Land does not have headquarters in continental europe
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Oak Furniture Land has its headquarters in the capital of the UK
Given the context: <BOP> 'The Canadian parliament's Ethics Commission said former immigration minister, Judy Sgro, did nothing wrong and her staff had put her into a conflict of interest.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'The Canadian parliament's Ethics Commission said former immigration minister, Judy Seguro, did nothing wrong.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.
The Canadian parliament's Ethics Commission said former immigration minister, Judy Seguro, did nothing wrong.
{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Her name is Judy Sgro, not Judy Seguro. It's difficult because the names are similar enough to confuse the system.
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Third WI-SA T20 abandoned KINGSTON: South Africa’s chances of making a comeback in the T20I series against Windies Women were dealt a severe blow when the third game of the series was abandoned without a ball being bowled. Torrential rain few hours before the game in Trinidad forced a delay to the start, but after the umpires conducted multiple inspections of the outfield post that, it was finally decided to call it off with the outfield remaining soggy. Windies Women now lead the series 2-0 after having won the first two games.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'The owners inspected the field.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
The owners inspected the field.
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} i changed a fact. This is what made it difficult.
<BOP> Interstate 10, which runs southeast to northwest through town, connects Tucson to Phoenix to the northwest on the way to its western terminus in Santa Monica, California, and to Las Cruces, New Mexico and El Paso, Texas toward its eastern terminus in Jacksonville, Florida. I-19 runs south from Tucson toward Nogales and the U.S.-Mexico border. I-19 is the only Interstate highway that uses "kilometer posts" instead of "mileposts", although the speed limits are marked in miles per hour instead of kilometers per hour. <EOP> <BOQ> Are the speed limits on I-19 marked in miles or kilometers? <EOQ>
Are the speed limits on I-19 marked in miles or kilometers?
<BOL> miles <EOL>
Given the context: <BOP> 'Colarusso, the Dover police captain, said authorities are interested in whether their suspect made a cell phone call while he was in the Dover woman's home.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Colarusso doesn't think it's likely their suspect made a cell phone call while he was in the Dover woman's home.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice.
Colarusso doesn't think it's likely their suspect made a cell phone call while he was in the Dover woman's home.
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The passage said he was interested in knowing whether the suspect made the call. They didn't say whether they thought that he had or not... so there is no way to know for certain.
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Target<br>Sarah cocked her gun and aimed. She pulled the trigger and the bullet hit her target. Sarah looked intently at the bullet holes. They were all far apart from the center. Sarah realized she needed more practice.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Sarah didn't kill anyone.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral?
Sarah didn't kill anyone.
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It's not known if Sarah killed anyone.
With the premise: <BOP> 'Scarlet Days is a 1919 American silent western film produced and directed by D. W. Griffith and released through Paramount/Artcraft Pictures, Artcraft being an affiliate of Paramount. Richard Barthelmess stars in a role for which Griffith had screentested Rudolph Valentino. It is considered by many to be one of Griffith's worst films.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'People loved Scarlet Days' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.
People loved Scarlet Days
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It is considered by many to be one of Griffith's worst films
<BOP> Its average annual temperature is 18.4 °C (65.1 °F). 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) during the day and 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) at night. In the coldest month – January, the maximum temperature typically during the day ranges from 13 to 21 °C (55 to 70 °F), the minimum temperature typically at night ranges from 4 to 12 °C (39 to 54 °F). In the warmest month – August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from 28–34 °C (82–93 °F), about 23 °C (73 °F) at night. Generally, temperatures similar to those experienced in the northern part of Europe in summer last about 8 months, from April to November. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds 20 °C (68 °F), with an average temperature of 19.0 °C (66 °F) during the day and 10.0 °C (50 °F) at night. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 7 °C (45 °F) at night. Valencia has one of the mildest winters in Europe, owing to its southern location on the Mediterranean Sea and the Foehn phenomenon. The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe. <EOP> <BOQ> In northern Europe, which months have temperatures similar to Valencia's in January? <EOQ>
In northern Europe, which months have temperatures similar to Valencia's in January?
<BOL> May and September <EOL>
Given the detailed context: 'How to convert pounds to kilograms<br>Insert the value in pounds you're converting into the blank space below. This will be represented by the " lb " in the formula. You will use this formula to determine the amount of kilograms.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Insert the value in pounds you're converting into the blank space below. This will be represented by the " lb " in the formula. You will use this formula to determine the amount of kilograms.. Kilos are lighter than pounds.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
Insert the value in pounds you're converting into the blank space below. This will be represented by the " lb " in the formula. You will use this formula to determine the amount of kilograms.. Kilos are lighter than pounds.
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Kilos are not lighter than pounds.
Given the detailed context: 'Wilder Shores is the eighth studio album by vocalist Belinda Carlisle. Unlike her previous releases, which have largely been characterized as pop music, it consists of a series of Sikh chants performed by Carlisle in Gurmukhi. It is her first studio album in ten years, since the release of "Voila" (2007), a collection of chansons Carlisle performed in French.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Viola was a top selling album.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
Viola was a top selling album.
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It is unknown if Viola was a top selling album. The system was confused by the facts in the narrative.
<BOP> A number of studies have reported associations between pathogen load in an area and human behavior. Higher pathogen load is associated with decreased size of ethnic and religious groups in an area. This may be due high pathogen load favoring avoidance of other groups, which may reduce pathogen transmission, or a high pathogen load preventing the creation of large settlements and armies that enforce a common culture. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more restricted sexual behavior, which may reduce pathogen transmission. It also associated with higher preferences for health and attractiveness in mates. Higher fertility rates and shorter or less parental care per child is another association that may be a compensation for the higher mortality rate. There is also an association with polygyny which may be due to higher pathogen load, making selecting males with a high genetic resistance increasingly important. Higher pathogen load is also associated with more collectivism and less individualism, which may limit contacts with outside groups and infections. There are alternative explanations for at least some of the associations although some of these explanations may in turn ultimately be due to pathogen load. Thus, polygny may also be due to a lower male:female ratio in these areas but this may ultimately be due to male infants having increased mortality from infectious diseases. Another example is that poor socioeconomic factors may ultimately in part be due to high pathogen load preventing economic development. <EOP> <BOQ> What does avoidance of other groups reduce? <EOQ>
What does avoidance of other groups reduce?
<BOL> pathogen transmission <EOL>
<BOP> The New York City Police Department (NYPD) has been the largest police force in the United States by a significant margin, with over 35,000 sworn officers. Members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, New York's Finest. <EOP> <BOQ> What is the nickname given to New York City Police Department officers? <EOQ>
What is the nickname given to New York City Police Department officers?
<BOL> New York's Finest <EOL>
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Big Sky is a census-designated place (CDP) in Gallatin and Madison counties in southwestern Montana. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,308. It is 45 mi southwest of Bozeman. This unincorporated community straddles the two counties, is not considered a town, and has no town government. The primary industry of the area is tourism.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Canadians don't go to visit' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.
Canadians don't go to visit
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It is unknown whether or not canadians go to visit it or not. I think the model was fooled because there is no way to know.
<BOP> The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum are managed by the National Park Service and are in both the states of New York and New Jersey. They are joined in the harbor by Governors Island National Monument, in New York. Historic sites under federal management on Manhattan Island include Castle Clinton National Monument; Federal Hall National Memorial; Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site; General Grant National Memorial ("Grant's Tomb"); African Burial Ground National Monument; and Hamilton Grange National Memorial. Hundreds of private properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places or as a National Historic Landmark such as, for example, the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village as the catalyst of the modern gay rights movement. <EOP> <BOQ> The Statue of Liberty is also in what other US state? <EOQ>
The Statue of Liberty is also in what other US state?
<BOL> New Jersey <EOL>
<BOP> Many bacterial species exist simply as single cells, others associate in characteristic patterns: Neisseria form diploids (pairs), Streptococcus form chains, and Staphylococcus group together in "bunch of grapes" clusters. Bacteria can also be elongated to form filaments, for example the Actinobacteria. Filamentous bacteria are often surrounded by a sheath that contains many individual cells. Certain types, such as species of the genus Nocardia, even form complex, branched filaments, similar in appearance to fungal mycelia. <EOP> <BOQ> What is the usual form for Neiserria bacteria? <EOQ>
What is the usual form for Neiserria bacteria?
<BOL> diploids (pairs) <EOL>
<BOP> Rufinus relates a story that as Bishop Alexander stood by a window, he watched boys playing on the seashore below, imitating the ritual of Christian baptism. He sent for the children and discovered that one of the boys (Athanasius) had acted as bishop. After questioning Athanasius, Bishop Alexander informed him that the baptisms were genuine, as both the form and matter of the sacrament had been performed through the recitation of the correct words and the administration of water, and that he must not continue to do this as those baptized had not been properly catechized. He invited Athanasius and his playfellows to prepare for clerical careers. <EOP> <BOQ> As a child, Athanasius imitated what ritual? <EOQ>
As a child, Athanasius imitated what ritual?
<BOL> ritual of Christian baptism <EOL>
<BOP> The Canadian constitution determines that the Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the country's sovereign, who, since 1904, has authorized his or her viceroy, the governor general, to exercise the duties ascribed to the post of Commander-in-Chief and to hold the associated title since 1905. All troop deployment and disposition orders, including declarations of war, fall within the royal prerogative and are issued as Orders in Council, which must be signed by either the monarch or governor general. Under the Westminster system's parliamentary customs and practices, however, the monarch and viceroy must generally follow the advice of his or her ministers in Cabinet, including the prime minister and minister of national defence, who are accountable to the elected House of Commons. <EOP> <BOQ> What determines who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces? <EOQ>
What determines who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed forces?
<BOL> The Canadian constitution <EOL>
<BOP> The value of the U.S. dollar declined significantly during wartime, especially during the American Civil War, World War I, and World War II. The Federal Reserve, which was established in 1913, was designed to furnish an "elastic" currency subject to "substantial changes of quantity over short periods", which differed significantly from previous forms of high-powered money such as gold, national bank notes, and silver coins. Over the very long run, the prior gold standard kept prices stable—for instance, the price level and the value of the U.S. dollar in 1914 was not very different from the price level in the 1880s. The Federal Reserve initially succeeded in maintaining the value of the U.S. dollar and price stability, reversing the inflation caused by the First World War and stabilizing the value of the dollar during the 1920s, before presiding over a 30% deflation in U.S. prices in the 1930s. <EOP> <BOQ> When was the Federal Reserve established? <EOQ>
When was the Federal Reserve established?
<BOL> 1913 <EOL>
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'The Wallace Park in Lisburn, Northern Ireland was bequeathed to the people of Lisburn by Sir Richard Wallace. It is a pleasant park with tree-lined walkways. There is a number of football pitches, tennis courts, a duck pond and a children's adventure play area. The grounds of Lisburn Cricket Club are in the centre of the park where Cecil Walker MBE is the groundman.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'The Wallace Park is not intended for human use' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
The Wallace Park is not intended for human use
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It is intended for human use because there are sports and a children's play area
<BOP> The most-viewed network in France, TF1, is in nearby Boulogne-Billancourt; France 2, France 3, Canal+, France 5, M6 (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Arte, D8, W9, NT1, NRJ 12, La Chaîne parlementaire, France 4, BFM TV, and Gulli are other stations located in and around the capital. Radio France, France's public radio broadcaster, and its various channels, is headquartered in Paris' 16th arrondissement. Radio France Internationale, another public broadcaster is also based in the city. Paris also holds the headquarters of the La Poste, France's national postal carrier. <EOP> <BOQ> What is the most viewed television network in France? <EOQ>
What is the most viewed television network in France?
<BOL> TF1 <EOL>
<BOP> The shelter of the early people changed dramatically from the paleolithic to the neolithic era. In the paleolithic, people did not normally live in permanent constructions. In the neolithic, mud brick houses started appearing that were coated with plaster. The growth of agriculture made permanent houses possible. Doorways were made on the roof, with ladders positioned both on the inside and outside of the houses. The roof was supported by beams from the inside. The rough ground was covered by platforms, mats, and skins on which residents slept. Stilt-houses settlements were common in the Alpine and Pianura Padana (Terramare) region. Remains have been found at the Ljubljana Marshes in Slovenia and at the Mondsee and Attersee lakes in Upper Austria, for example. <EOP> <BOQ> Where were entrances located in early homes? <EOQ>
Where were entrances located in early homes?
<BOL> Doorways were made on the roof <EOL>
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Kyle Tonetti (born 8 October 1987) is a South Africa born former rugby union player, who represented Ireland at various international levels. He primarily played as a centre, though he also played at fly-half earlier in his career. He last played for Irish provincial team Connacht in the Pro12 before being forced to retire prematurely due to injury.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Rugby can be a dangerous sport.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning.
Rugby can be a dangerous sport.
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Kyle was injured. Rugby can be dangerous.
<BOP> Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants. <EOP> <BOQ> What is the used to achieve a practical effect? <EOQ>
What is the used to achieve a practical effect?
<BOL> Lighting or illumination <EOL>
<BOP> The Umayyad Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الأموية‎, trans. Al-Khilāfat al-ʾumawiyya) was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: الأمويون‎, al-ʾUmawiyyūn, or بنو أمية, Banū ʾUmayya, "Sons of Umayya"), hailing from Mecca. The Umayyad family had first come to power under the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644–656), but the Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of Syria, after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in 661 CE/41 AH. Syria remained the Umayyads' main power base thereafter, and Damascus was their capital. The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Caucasus, Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) into the Muslim world. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered 15 million km2 (5.79 million square miles), making it the largest empire (in terms of area - not in terms of population) the world had yet seen, and the fifth largest ever to exist. <EOP> <BOQ> Who founded the Umayyad regime? <EOQ>
Who founded the Umayyad regime?
<BOL> Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan <EOL>
<BOP> Old English was not static, and its usage covered a period of 700 years, from the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the 5th century to the late 11th century, some time after the Norman invasion. While indicating that the establishment of dates is an arbitrary process, Albert Baugh dates Old English from 450 to 1150, a period of full inflections, a synthetic language. Perhaps around 85 per cent of Old English words are no longer in use, but those that survived, to be sure, are basic elements of Modern English vocabulary. <EOP> <BOQ> In what century did Old English cease to be used? <EOQ>
In what century did Old English cease to be used?
<BOL> 11th <EOL>
<BOP> The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, and thus did not require additional approval from Congress. The following day on 10 September 2014 President Barack Obama made a televised speech about ISIL, which he stated "Our objective is clear: We will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy". Obama has authorized the deployment of additional U.S. Forces into Iraq, as well as authorizing direct military operations against ISIL within Syria. On the night of 21/22 September the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar started air attacks against ISIS in Syria.[citation needed] <EOP> <BOQ> Where were the Sep 21-22 airstrikes? <EOQ>
Where were the Sep 21-22 airstrikes?
<BOL> Syria <EOL>
Examine the information in <BOP> '"Inbetweener" is a song by English Britpop band Sleeper, written by the band's vocalist and guitarist Louise Wener. It was the third single to be released from their debut album "Smart" in 1995 (see 1995 in British music). It was their breakthrough single,' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'Sleeper was a veteran britpop band by the time Inbetweener was released' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion.
Sleeper was a veteran britpop band by the time Inbetweener was released
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It was from their first album. I think the system got it wrong because I used phrasing not in the context
<BOP> The war entered a new phase with the unprecedented defeat of the Japanese at Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang and 1st Battle of Changsha. After these victories, Chinese nationalist forces launched a large-scale counter-offensive in early 1940; however, due to its low military-industrial capacity, it was repulsed by Japanese army in late March 1940. In August of 1940, Chinese communists launched an offensive in Central China; in retaliation, Japan instituted the "Three Alls Policy" ("Kill all, Burn all, Loot all") in occupied areas to reduce human and material resources for the communists. By 1941 the conflict had become a stalemate. Although Japan had occupied much of northern, central, and coastal China, the Nationalist Government had retreated to the interior with a provisional capital set up at Chungking while the Chinese communists remained in control of base areas in Shaanxi. In addition, Japanese control of northern and central China was somewhat tenuous, in that Japan was usually able to control railroads and the major cities ("points and lines"), but did not have a major military or administrative presence in the vast Chinese countryside. The Japanese found its aggression against the retreating and regrouping Chinese army was stalled by the mountainous terrain in southwestern China while the Communists organised widespread guerrilla and saboteur activities in northern and eastern China behind the Japanese front line. <EOP> <BOQ> What natural obsticles stalled the Japanese offensive against the Chinese? <EOQ>
What natural obsticles stalled the Japanese offensive against the Chinese?
<BOL> mountainous terrain <EOL>
<BOP> Beginning roughly in the 14th century in Florence, and later spreading through Europe with the development of the printing press, a Renaissance of knowledge challenged traditional doctrines in science and theology, with the Arabic texts and thought bringing about rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman knowledge. <EOP> <BOQ> The encounter with Arabic knowledge put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which ancient civilizations? <EOQ>
The encounter with Arabic knowledge put Renaissance thinkers back in touch with the teachings of which ancient civilizations?
<BOL> Greek and Roman <EOL>
<BOP> The first ground attack came at the Battle of Umm Qasr on 21 March 2003 when a combined force of British, American and Polish forces seized control of the port city of Umm Qasr. Baghdad, Iraq's capital city, fell to American forces in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein's government quickly dissolved. On 1 May 2003, Bush announced that major combat operations in Iraq had ended. However, an insurgency arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. The insurgency, which included al-Qaeda affiliated groups, led to far more coalition casualties than the invasion. Other elements of the insurgency were led by fugitive members of President Hussein's Ba'ath regime, which included Iraqi nationalists and pan-Arabists. Many insurgency leaders are Islamists and claim to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Islamic Caliphate of centuries past. Iraq's former president, Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces in December 2003. He was executed in 2006. <EOP> <BOQ> What regime were Hussein loyalists part of? <EOQ>
What regime were Hussein loyalists part of?
<BOL> Ba'ath <EOL>
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'Ancud (] ) is a city in southern Chile located in the northernmost part of the island and province of Chiloé, in Los Lagos Region. It is the second largest city of Chiloé Archipelago after Castro. The city was established in 1768 to function as the capital of the archipelago and held that position until 1982.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'Ancud resides in the province of Los Lagos, in the region of Chiloé.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
Ancud resides in the province of Los Lagos, in the region of Chiloé.
{<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The statement is definitely incorrect because Ancud resides in the province of Chiloé, in the Los Lagos region. It was difficult for the system to determine this because only one pair of words were switched in the sentence.
<BOP> Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children. <EOP> <BOQ> Who settled near the fort <EOQ>
Who settled near the fort
<BOL> Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children <EOL>
<BOP> St. Anselm's approach was to define God as, "that than which nothing greater can be conceived". Famed pantheist philosopher Baruch Spinoza would later carry this idea to its extreme: "By God I understand a being absolutely infinite, i.e., a substance consisting of infinite attributes, of which each one expresses an eternal and infinite essence." For Spinoza, the whole of the natural universe is made of one substance, God, or its equivalent, Nature. His proof for the existence of God was a variation of the Ontological argument. <EOP> <BOQ> Who defined god as "that than which nothing greater can be conceived"? <EOQ>
Who defined god as "that than which nothing greater can be conceived"?
<BOL> St. Anselm <EOL>
With the premise: <BOP> 'What I'm saying is, is that as we promote life and promote a culture of life, surely there are ways we can work together to reduce the number of abortions: continue to promote adoption laws -- it's a great alternative to abortion -- continue to fund and promote maternity group homes; I will continue to promote abstinence programs.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Abortion and abstinence are different.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why.
Abortion and abstinence are different.
{<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It's clearly stated in the paragraph that the two are different.
From the information in: <BOP> '"We're an American Band" (from the album of the same name) became Grand Funk Railroad's first #1 single on September 29, 1973, Mark Farner's 25th birthday. Written by Don Brewer and produced by Todd Rundgren, its huge chart success broadened Grand Funk's appeal. It was sung by Brewer rather than Farner, who usually took lead vocals.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The song made the band much more popular' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral.
The song made the band much more popular
{<BOL> neutral </EOL>} Context provides it was their 1st hit single and "its huge chart success broadened Grand Funk's appeal". My statement says that the song made the band much more popular, which should be viewed as correct. The AI got it wrong, maybe because I used the word popular.
<BOP> The Protestant movement began to diverge into several distinct branches in the mid-to-late 16th century. One of the central points of divergence was controversy over the Eucharist. Early Protestants rejected the Roman Catholic dogma of transubstantiation, which teaches that the bread and wine used in the sacrificial rite of the Mass lose their natural substance by being transformed into the body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ. They disagreed with one another concerning the presence of Christ and his body and blood in Holy Communion. <EOP> <BOQ> Whose body and blood is considered present in Holy Communion? <EOQ>
Whose body and blood is considered present in Holy Communion?
<BOL> Christ <EOL>
<BOP> Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, anchoring Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to numerous influential arts organizations, including the Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic, and New York City Ballet, as well as the Vivian Beaumont Theater, the Juilliard School, Jazz at Lincoln Center, and Alice Tully Hall. The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute is in Union Square, and Tisch School of the Arts is based at New York University, while Central Park SummerStage presents performances of free plays and music in Central Park. <EOP> <BOQ> In what New York park can one find performances at no cost? <EOQ>
In what New York park can one find performances at no cost?
<BOL> Central Park <EOL>