instruction
stringlengths 216
3.44k
| input
stringlengths 1
284
| output
stringlengths 13
716
|
|---|---|---|
<BOP> Based on fossil and biological evidence, most scientists accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs, and more specifically, they are members of Maniraptora, a group of theropods which includes dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids, among others. As scientists have discovered more theropods closely related to birds, the previously clear distinction between non-birds and birds has become blurred. Recent discoveries in the Liaoning Province of northeast China, which demonstrate many small theropod feathered dinosaurs, contribute to this ambiguity. <EOP> <BOQ> What evidence leads most scientists to accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs? <EOQ> | What evidence leads most scientists to accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs? | <BOL> fossil and biological evidence <EOL> |
<BOP> The International Energy Agency has said that solar energy can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces: <EOP> <BOQ> Who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world? <EOQ> | Who said that solar energy can help solve some of the most urgent problems in the world? | <BOL> The International Energy Agency <EOL> |
<BOP> Hydrogen is not an energy resource, except in the hypothetical context of commercial nuclear fusion power plants using deuterium or tritium, a technology presently far from development. The Sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion of hydrogen, but this process is difficult to achieve controllably on Earth. Elemental hydrogen from solar, biological, or electrical sources require more energy to make it than is obtained by burning it, so in these cases hydrogen functions as an energy carrier, like a battery. Hydrogen may be obtained from fossil sources (such as methane), but these sources are unsustainable. <EOP> <BOQ> Is Hydrogen considered an energy resource? <EOQ> | Is Hydrogen considered an energy resource? | <BOL> not <EOL> |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'London Calling is the third studio album by English punk rock band the Clash. It was released as a double album in the United Kingdom on 14 December 1979 by Columbia Records, and in the United States in January 1980 by Epic Records. "London Calling" is an album that incorporates a range of styles, including punk, reggae, rockabilly, ska, New Orleans R&B, pop, lounge jazz, and hard rock.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Clash did not release recods outside if england.' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Clash did not release recods outside if england. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The US got their recods. |
<BOP> In January 2009, the European Commission announced it would investigate the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems from Microsoft, saying "Microsoft's tying of Internet Explorer to the Windows operating system harms competition between web browsers, undermines product innovation and ultimately reduces consumer choice." Microsoft Corp v Commission <EOP> <BOQ> When did the European Commission say they would investigate the bundling? <EOQ> | When did the European Commission say they would investigate the bundling? | <BOL> January 2009 <EOL> |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'No. 234 Squadron RAF had a long career within the RAF, being operational on flying boats in World War I and on fighter aircraft in World War II. After the war it remained a fighter unit till 1957. In its last incarnation the squadron was in turn Operational Training Unit (OTU), Tactical Weapon Unit (TWU) and part of No. 4 Flying Training School RAF until lastly disbanded in 1994.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'No. 234 Squadron RA had a good career' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | No. 234 Squadron RA had a good career | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The passage mentioned that No. 234 Squadron RA has long career. |
<BOP> The Time Warner Cable Music Pavilion at Walnut Creek hosts major international touring acts. In 2011, the Downtown Raleigh Amphitheater opened (now sponsored as the Red Hat Amphitheater), which hosts numerous concerts primarily in the summer months. An additional amphitheater sits on the grounds of the North Carolina Museum of Art, which hosts a summer concert series and outdoor movies. Nearby Cary is home to the Koka Booth Amphitheatre which hosts additional summer concerts and outdoor movies, and serves as the venue for regularly scheduled outdoor concerts by the North Carolina Symphony based in Raleigh. During the North Carolina State Fair, Dorton Arena hosts headline acts. The private Lincoln Theatre is one of several clubs in downtown Raleigh that schedules many concerts throughout the year in multiple formats (rock, pop, country). <EOP> <BOQ> Where is the North Carolina State Fair? <EOQ> | Where is the North Carolina State Fair? | <BOL> Dorton Arena <EOL> |
With the given context: <BOP> '* India's benchmark 10-year bond yield up 1 basis point at 8.16 percent as some traders cut positions following allotment of securities at the 130 billion rupees debt sale. * However, a sharper rise was averted with traders preferring to stay on the sidelines ahead of the inflation data due on Oct. 15, which will offer cues on the likely central bank policy action. * The 10-year bond yield seen ranged between 8.12 and 8.18 percent until inflation data, traders say. ([email protected]/; [email protected])' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'India's benchmark 10-year bond yield is under 20 percent.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | India's benchmark 10-year bond yield is under 20 percent. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} I fooled the system by the way I phrased the given statistic. |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Tea<br>Joey was ten and playing with his mom. He decided to make her pretend tea. He got some hot water from the tap and mixed in the herb. But to his shock, his mom really drank the tea! She said the herb he'd picked was chamomile, a delicious tea!' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Joey knew how to make chamomile tea.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | Joey knew how to make chamomile tea. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} He chose a spice that he did not know what it was but it turned out to be chamomile |
Given the context: <BOP> 'The Queen, often referred to as the Evil Queen or the Wicked Queen, is a fictional character and the main antagonist in "Snow White", a German fairy tale recorded by the Brothers Grimm; similar stories are also known to exist in other countries. Other versions of the Queen appear in "Snow White" derivative works, and the character has also become an archetype for unrelated works of fiction.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> '"Snow White" is a fairy tale recorded by the Brothers Grimm. It originated in countries other than Germany.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | "Snow White" is a fairy tale recorded by the Brothers Grimm. It originated in countries other than Germany. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The statement is definitely incorrect because the context specifies that the folk tale is German. It was difficult for the system to discern this because many keywords were used in creating the incorrect statement. |
<BOP> Ancient Greece had traditionally been a fractious collection of fiercely independent city-states. After the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), Greece had fallen under a Spartan hegemony, in which Sparta was pre-eminent but not all-powerful. Spartan hegemony was succeeded by a Theban one after the Battle of Leuctra (371 BC), but after the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), all of Greece was so weakened that no one state could claim pre-eminence. It was against this backdrop, that the ascendancy of Macedon began, under king Philip II. Macedon was located at the periphery of the Greek world, and although its royal family claimed Greek descent, the Macedonians themselves were looked down upon as semi-barbaric by the rest of the Greeks. However, Macedon had a relatively strong and centralised government, and compared to most Greek states, directly controlled a large area. <EOP> <BOQ> What hegemoney replaced Sparta after the Battle of Leuctra? <EOQ> | What hegemoney replaced Sparta after the Battle of Leuctra? | <BOL> Theban <EOL> |
With the given context: <BOP> 'Maureen Caird (born 29 September 1951) is a former Australian track athlete, who specialised in the sprint hurdles. At the 1968 Summer Olympics, she became the youngest-ever individual Olympic athletics champion, at age 17, when she won gold in Mexico City.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Maureen Caird was born in the summer.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | Maureen Caird was born in the summer. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Maureen Caird was born in the fall. |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Death Race is an arcade game released by Exidy in the United States on April 1, 1976. The game is likely inspired by the 1975 cult film "Death Race 2000", which was still in some theatres at the time of the game's release; its original working title which appeared on some flyers to distributors was Death Race 98.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Death Race the arcade game was released more than 2000 days ago.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | Death Race the arcade game was released more than 2000 days ago. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} 2000 days is not even 6 years and it was released in 1976. It's difficult because I used 2000 days as the measurement instead of years. |
With the premise: <BOP> 'How to avoid stomach pain when taking antibiotics<br>Follow your doctor's instructions exactly. When your doctor writes you a prescription for antibiotics, she will give you specific instructions regarding how to take the medication. Following these instructions exactly can help to reduce your chances of developing stomach pain, as your doctor will most likely give you tips on how to avoid this unpleasant side effect.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Antibiotics cause stomach pain.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | Antibiotics cause stomach pain. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} They may, but may not if you follow instructions. |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Rooster is a 1982 made-for-television film starring Paul Williams and Pat McCormick who were reunited after their pairing in the "Smokey and the Bandit" movies. "Rooster" is an unsold television pilot written and produced by Glen A. Larson for 20th Century Fox Television and broadcast as a two-hour movie on ABC on August 19, 1982.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Rooster stars Pat Williams and Paul McCormick.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Rooster stars Pat Williams and Paul McCormick. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} The last names and the first names were mixed up and that confused the AI. |
<BOP> In Apollo's role as a healer, his appellations included Acesius (/əˈsiːʒəs/ ə-SEE-zhəs; Ἀκέσιος, Akesios, from ἄκεσις, "healing"), Acestor (/əˈsɛstər/ ə-SES-tər; Ἀκέστωρ, Akestōr, literally "healer"), Paean (/ˈpiːən/ PEE-ən; Παιάν, Paiān, from παίειν, "to touch"),[citation needed] and Iatrus (/aɪˈætrəs/ eye-AT-rəs; Ἰατρός, Iātros, literally "physician"). Acesius was the epithet of Apollo worshipped in Elis, where he had a temple in the agora. The Romans referred to Apollo as Medicus (/ˈmɛdᵻkəs/ MED-i-kəs; literally "physician" in Latin) in this respect. A temple was dedicated to Apollo Medicus at Rome, probably next to the temple of Bellona. <EOP> <BOQ> Where was a temple dedicated to Apollo Medicus? <EOQ> | Where was a temple dedicated to Apollo Medicus? | <BOL> Rome <EOL> |
<BOP> The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007. West played his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour. <EOP> <BOQ> Where was Donda West's funeral? <EOQ> | Where was Donda West's funeral? | <BOL> Oklahoma City <EOL> |
<BOP> Hydrogen production technologies been a significant area of solar chemical research since the 1970s. Aside from electrolysis driven by photovoltaic or photochemical cells, several thermochemical processes have also been explored. One such route uses concentrators to split water into oxygen and hydrogen at high temperatures (2,300–2,600 °C or 4,200–4,700 °F). Another approach uses the heat from solar concentrators to drive the steam reformation of natural gas thereby increasing the overall hydrogen yield compared to conventional reforming methods. Thermochemical cycles characterized by the decomposition and regeneration of reactants present another avenue for hydrogen production. The Solzinc process under development at the Weizmann Institute uses a 1 MW solar furnace to decompose zinc oxide (ZnO) at temperatures above 1,200 °C (2,200 °F). This initial reaction produces pure zinc, which can subsequently be reacted with water to produce hydrogen. <EOP> <BOQ> What has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s? <EOQ> | What has been a main area of solar chemical research since the 1970s? | <BOL> Hydrogen production technologies <EOL> |
Examine the information in <BOP> 'Stoked (stylized as "Stōked") is a Canadian animated series produced by Fresh TV that premiered on Teletoon on June 25, 2009 and ended on January 26, 2013. It formerly aired on Teletoon in Canada and ABC3 in Australia, and on Cartoon Network in the United States. The series is from the same creators as "6teen" and the "Total Drama" series.' </EOP> Is the statement: <BOH> 'Only Canadians were able to watch Stoked' </EOH> a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Justify your conclusion. | Only Canadians were able to watch Stoked | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} it formerly aired on Teletoon in Canada and ABC3 in Australia, and on Cartoon Network in the United States |
<BOP> In intelligent mammals, such as primates, the cerebrum is larger relative to the rest of the brain. Intelligence itself is not easy to define, but indications of intelligence include the ability to learn, matched with behavioral flexibility. Rats, for example, are considered to be highly intelligent, as they can learn and perform new tasks, an ability that may be important when they first colonize a fresh habitat. In some mammals, food gathering appears to be related to intelligence: a deer feeding on plants has a brain smaller than a cat, which must think to outwit its prey. <EOP> <BOQ> Mammals with smaller brains tend to be in what class in the food chain? <EOQ> | Mammals with smaller brains tend to be in what class in the food chain? | <BOL> prey <EOL> |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Kinsey Millhone is a fictional character who was created by Sue Grafton for her "alphabet mysteries" series of novels. Millhone appears in a number of short stories written by Grafton. Grafton's mystery novels featuring Millhone are set in 1980s Santa Teresa, a fictionalized town based on Santa Barbara, California.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Kinsey Millhone is a popular movie character' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Kinsey Millhone is a popular movie character | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} This is incorrect because it says she is a character in several short stories. I think the system has a hard time understanding fiction. |
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Man in a Hurry (French: "L'Homme pressé" , Italian: "L'ultimo giorno d'amore" , released in UK as The Hurried Man) is a 1977 French-Italian drama film directed by Édouard Molinaro and starring Alain Delon and Mireille Darc. It is based on the novel "The Man in a Hurry" by Paul Morand. It recorded admissions of 730,581 in France.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The story of the Man in a Hurry film is not original' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The story of the Man in a Hurry film is not original | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It's based on a novel |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'The Strangers is a 2008 American horror film written and directed by Bryan Bertino and starring Liv Tyler and Scott Speedman. The film follows a young couple who are terrorized by three masked assailants over the course of an evening at a remote summer home.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'Bryan Bertino directed a movie called The Strangers that was written by Liv Tyler and starred Scott Speedman.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | Bryan Bertino directed a movie called The Strangers that was written by Liv Tyler and starred Scott Speedman. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Bertino wrote the movie, not Tyler. |
<BOP> The Queen addressed the United Nations for a second time in 2010, again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth. The UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, introduced her as "an anchor for our age". During her visit to New York, which followed a tour of Canada, she officially opened a memorial garden for the British victims of the September 11 attacks. The Queen's visit to Australia in October 2011 – her sixteenth visit since 1954 – was called her "farewell tour" in the press because of her age. <EOP> <BOQ> Who was UN Secretary General when Elizabeth addressed the UN? <EOQ> | Who was UN Secretary General when Elizabeth addressed the UN? | <BOL> Ban Ki-moon <EOL> |
Given the detailed context: 'Together they walked up the golden arcade to tell the others .<br>That night Charlotte and Ellen cried with happiness as they talked it over in the twilight .<br>`` How beautiful ! ''<br>murmured Charlotte softly .<br>`` We shall not lose Worth after all .<br>Ellen , I could not have borne it to see that girl go utterly out of our lives again . ''<br>`` I always hoped and believed that Elizabeth 's child would somehow bring us all together again , '' said Ellen happily .<br>Freda 's Adopted Grave North Point , where Freda lived , was the bleakest settlement in the world .', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'The text features three people talking to each other.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The text features three people talking to each other. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Only Charlotte and Ellen were talking in that scene. |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'Christmas Eve is the day before Christmas Day, the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. Christmas Day is observed around the world, and Christmas Eve is widely observed as a full or partial holiday in anticipation of Christmas Day. Together, both days are considered one of the most culturally significant celebrations in Christendom and Western society.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'Christmas Eve is the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus of Nazareth.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Christmas Eve is the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus of Nazareth. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It's Christmas not Christmas Eve that is the day that celebrates the birth of Jesus of Nazareth |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Victor Manuel Estrada Garibay (born October 28, 1971 in Matamoros, Tamaulipas) is a Mexican taekwondo practitioner and Olympic medalist. He competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney where he received a bronze medal in the 80 kg division. He also competed at the 2004 Athens Olympics, finishing in equal fifth position.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Victor Manuel Estrada Garibay took third place in the 80 kg division in 2000.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Victor Manuel Estrada Garibay took third place in the 80 kg division in 2000. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The bronze medal equates to third place. The system wasn't able to use this level of reasoning because it didn't assign a place to the medal. |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'Zinedine Zidane has beaten Thierry Henry and Ronaldo to the Fifa 2003 World Player of the Year award.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Zidane won the award in the year after 2002' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Zidane won the award in the year after 2002 | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} yes she did - it was 2003 |
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Aucuba chinensis is a shrub or small tree, native to southern China, Taiwan, Burma and northern Vietnam. Typically it grows to 6 meters tall, though it can be larger. The leaves are thick, dark green above and light green below, sometimes with teeth along the margins.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Aucuba chinensis can grow more than 1 meter tall' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Aucuba chinensis can grow more than 1 meter tall | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It is correct because it states it typically grows 6 meters tall, which is more than 1 meter. Only thing that would make since is the system doesn't understand "more than" |
<BOP> Many scripts, including Arabic and Devanagari, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. The rules governing ligature formation can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as ACE (Arabic Calligraphic Engine by DecoType in the 1980s and used to generate all the Arabic examples in the printed editions of the Unicode Standard), which became the proof of concept for OpenType (by Adobe and Microsoft), Graphite (by SIL International), or AAT (by Apple). <EOP> <BOQ> What does ACE stand for? <EOQ> | What does ACE stand for? | <BOL> Arabic Calligraphic Engine <EOL> |
<BOP> Distinctive and self-identified black communities have been reported in countries such as Iraq, with a reported 1.2 million black people, and they attest to a history of discrimination. African-Iraquis have sought minority status from the government, which would reserve some seats in Parliament for representatives of their population. According to Alamin M. Mazrui et al., generally in the Arabian Peninsula and neighboring countries, most of those of visible African descent are still classified and identify as Arab, not black. <EOP> <BOQ> Who is seeking minority status from the government? <EOQ> | Who is seeking minority status from the government? | <BOL> African-Iraquis <EOL> |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Kostyantyn Doroshenko (Ukrainian: Костянтин Володимирович Дорошенко ; born 29 October 1972, Kiev, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukraine Art critic, contemporary art curator, media manager, radio host of talk radio station Radio Vesti (Ukraine). According to «Art Ukraine» magazine he is in the top five most influential Ukrainian curators and in the top ten leading art critics of Ukraine of 2000s.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Kostyantyn Doroshenko was born in the 70's' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | Kostyantyn Doroshenko was born in the 70's | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} he was born in 1972 |
<BOP> The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure". <EOP> <BOQ> Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? <EOQ> | Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? | <BOL> John Ruskin <EOL> |
Consider the premise in: <BOP> 'Jesse Ball (born June 7, 1978) is an American novelist and poet. He has published novels, volumes of poetry, short stories, and drawings. His works are distinguished by the use of a spare style and have been compared to those of Jorge Luis Borges and Italo Calvino.' </EOP>. Would you classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Jesse Ball was born in the 1970s.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? Explain your reasoning. | Jesse Ball was born in the 1970s. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The statement indicates Jesse Ball was born in 1978. I don't think the system could interpret the general 1970s and compare it specificall to 1978. |
<BOP> This office was first held by Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, who had 44 commissaires de police (police commissioners) under his authority. In 1709, these commissioners were assisted by inspecteurs de police (police inspectors). The city of Paris was divided into 16 districts policed by the commissaires, each assigned to a particular district and assisted by a growing bureaucracy. The scheme of the Paris police force was extended to the rest of France by a royal edict of October 1699, resulting in the creation of lieutenants general of police in all large French cities and towns. <EOP> <BOQ> How many policing districts was Paris divided into? <EOQ> | How many policing districts was Paris divided into? | <BOL> 16 <EOL> |
<BOP> The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the blending of the Indus Valley Civilization and Indo-Aryan culture into the Vedic Civilization; the development of Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions; the rise of the Śramaṇa movement; the decline of Śrauta sacrifices and the birth of the initiatory traditions of Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than two millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dynasties during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders resulting in the establishment of the British rule; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India. <EOP> <BOQ> What movement lead to the founding of the Republic of India? <EOQ> | What movement lead to the founding of the Republic of India? | <BOL> independence movement <EOL> |
With the premise: <BOP> 'Nifu Haruna, also known by his stage name WizzyPro is a Nigerian record producer and sound engineer. Best known for his chart-topping single titled "Emergency", WizzyPro is credited as the producer of Patoranking's first official single titled "Alubarika" which brought him to limelight. WizzyPro is signed to BeatBox and is currently working on his debut studio album titled "Lord of the Sound".' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'WizzyPro played the drums.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | WizzyPro played the drums. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} WizzyPro could have been a drummer before or while he was a producer |
<BOP> Ancient Greece had traditionally been a fractious collection of fiercely independent city-states. After the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), Greece had fallen under a Spartan hegemony, in which Sparta was pre-eminent but not all-powerful. Spartan hegemony was succeeded by a Theban one after the Battle of Leuctra (371 BC), but after the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), all of Greece was so weakened that no one state could claim pre-eminence. It was against this backdrop, that the ascendancy of Macedon began, under king Philip II. Macedon was located at the periphery of the Greek world, and although its royal family claimed Greek descent, the Macedonians themselves were looked down upon as semi-barbaric by the rest of the Greeks. However, Macedon had a relatively strong and centralised government, and compared to most Greek states, directly controlled a large area. <EOP> <BOQ> When was the Peloponnesian War? <EOQ> | When was the Peloponnesian War? | <BOL> 431–404 BC <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Going My Way is an American comedy-drama series starring dancer and actor Gene Kelly. Based on the 1944 film of the same name starring Bing Crosby, the series aired on ABC with new episodes from October 3, 1962 to April 24, 1963. The program was Kelly's first and only attempt at a weekly television series. The series was canceled after one season of thirty episodes.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Gene Kelly appeared in 32 episodes.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Gene Kelly appeared in 32 episodes. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} There were only thirty episodes of Going My Way. It's impossible that Gene Kelly was featured in 32 episodes. |
<BOP> In particle physics, this inequality permits a qualitative understanding of virtual particles which carry momentum, exchange by which and with real particles, is responsible for the creation of all known fundamental forces (more accurately known as fundamental interactions). Virtual photons (which are simply lowest quantum mechanical energy state of photons) are also responsible for electrostatic interaction between electric charges (which results in Coulomb law), for spontaneous radiative decay of exited atomic and nuclear states, for the Casimir force, for van der Waals bond forces and some other observable phenomena. <EOP> <BOQ> What are simply lowest quantum mechanical energy state of photons? <EOQ> | What are simply lowest quantum mechanical energy state of photons? | <BOL> Virtual photons <EOL> |
With the premise: <BOP> 'The terrorist is suspected of being behind several deadly kidnappings and dozens of suicide attacks in Iraq.' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The terrorist is on the run.' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | The terrorist is on the run. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} He hasn't been captured. |
Given the detailed context: 'Achel Brewery or Brouwerij der Sint-Benedictusabdij de Achelse Kluis is a Belgian Trappist brewery, and the smallest of the Belgian Trappist breweries. It is located in the Abbey of Saint Benedict in the Belgian municipality of Hamont-Achel. It brews five Trappist beers.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Achel Brewery is the smallest of the Belgian Trappist breweries, so it brews the least beer.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Achel Brewery is the smallest of the Belgian Trappist breweries, so it brews the least beer. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} While it is the smallest, it never specified how the amount of beer it brews compares to the others. It may have been difficult because some needed information is not there. |
Using the premise: <BOP> '2 is a compilation album of songs by the Spanish band Dover, released in 2007. It is a double CD greatest hits compilation from the band including singles: "Serenade", "Devil Came To Me" and "Loli Jackson" and featuring many singles and favourites from their past albums.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'The CD was released after the events of 9/11' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | The CD was released after the events of 9/11 | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} 9/11 happened in the year 2001 and the cd was released in 2007. |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'Blythburgh is a village and civil parish in the Suffolk Coastal district of the English county of Suffolk. It is 4 mi west of Southwold and 5 mi south-east of Halesworth and lies on the River Blyth. The A12 road runs through the village which is split either side of the road. At the 2011 census the population of the parish was 297. The parish includes the hamlets of Bulcamp and Hinton.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'Blythburgh has more than 290 people living there' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | Blythburgh has more than 290 people living there | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} yes, the population in 2011 was 297, which is more than 290 |
Given the detailed context: 'Public Wedding is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Nick Grinde and written by Roy Chanslor and Houston Branch. The film stars Jane Wyman (in her first starring role), William Hopper, Dick Purcell, Marie Wilson, Berton Churchill and Archie Robbins. The film was released by Warner Bros. on July 10, 1937.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'Public Wedding was seen before July 10, 1937' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Public Wedding was seen before July 10, 1937 | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It's possible that the movie was seen by a select few, or prescreened, prior to it's official release date. The AI does not take this into account because of the date being the release date for the film |
<BOP> The actual resistance of the filament is temperature dependent. The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance when the lamp is operating. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp has a resistance of 144 ohms when lit, but the cold resistance is much lower (about 9.5 ohms). Since incandescent lamps are resistive loads, simple phase-control TRIAC dimmers can be used to control brightness. Electrical contacts may carry a "T" rating symbol indicating that they are designed to control circuits with the high inrush current characteristic of tungsten lamps. For a 100-watt, 120-volt general-service lamp, the current stabilizes in about 0.10 seconds, and the lamp reaches 90% of its full brightness after about 0.13 seconds. <EOP> <BOQ> How long does it take a typical 100-watt bulb to achieve 90% of its brightness? <EOQ> | How long does it take a typical 100-watt bulb to achieve 90% of its brightness? | <BOL> 0.13 seconds <EOL> |
<BOP> It is on Absecon Island, on the Atlantic coast. Atlantic City was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. The city borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City and West Atlantic City. <EOP> <BOQ> In what year was Atlantic City incorporated? <EOQ> | In what year was Atlantic City incorporated? | <BOL> 1854 <EOL> |
From the information in: <BOP> 'The Man Without a Map (燃えつきた地図 , Moetsukita chizu ) is a 1968 Japanese film directed by Hiroshi Teshigahara and starring Shintaro Katsu. The screenplay was adapted by Kōbō Abe from his novel "The Ruined Map". This was the fourth and final film collaboration between Teshigahara and Abe.' </EOP>, deduce whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The series did not have any more collaborations after this movie' </EOH> results in a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The series did not have any more collaborations after this movie | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It was because of how I worded it, I think. |
<BOP> In 1883, salt water taffy was conceived in Atlantic City by David Bradley. The traditional story is that Bradley's shop was flooded after a major storm, soaking his taffy with salty Atlantic Ocean water. He sold some "salt water taffy" to a girl, who proudly walked down to the beach to show her friends. Bradley's mother was in the back of the store when the sale was made, and loved the name, and so salt water taffy was born. <EOP> <BOQ> In what year was salt water taffy conceived? <EOQ> | In what year was salt water taffy conceived? | <BOL> 1883 <EOL> |
With the given context: <BOP> 'Alan R Duffy (born 1983) is a professional astronomer and science communicator. He was born in England, raised in Ireland, and is currently based in Australia. He is a Research Fellow and Associate Professor at the Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing at Swinburne University of Technology.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Alan R Duffy (born 1983 and died 1953) is a professional astronomer and science communicator.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | Alan R Duffy (born 1983 and died 1953) is a professional astronomer and science communicator. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} It is not known when he died. |
<BOP> After its release, Evita garnered critical appreciation. Zach Conner from Time magazine commented, "It's a relief to say that Evita is pretty damn fine, well cast and handsomely visualized. Madonna once again confounds our expectations. She plays Evita with a poignant weariness and has more than just a bit of star quality. Love or hate Madonna-Eva, she is a magnet for all eyes." Madonna won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for the role. She released three singles from the Evita soundtrack album, including "You Must Love Me" (which won an Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1997) and "Don't Cry for Me Argentina". Madonna was later presented with the Artist Achievement Award by Tony Bennett at the 1996 Billboard Music Awards. On October 14, 1996, Madonna gave birth to Lourdes Maria Ciccone Leon, her daughter with Leon. Biographer Mary Cross writes that although Madonna was often ill during the filming and worried that her pregnancy would harm the film, she reached some important personal goals: "Now 38 years old, Madonna had at last triumphed on screen and achieved her dream of having a child, both in the same year. She had reached another turning point in her career, reinventing herself and her image with the public." Her relationship with Carlos Leon ended in May 1997; she declared that they were "better off as best friends." After Lourdes' birth, Madonna became involved in Eastern mysticism and Kabbalah. She was introduced to Jewish mysticism by actress Sandra Bernhard in 1997. <EOP> <BOQ> When was Madonna's daughter born? <EOQ> | When was Madonna's daughter born? | <BOL> October 14, 1996 <EOL> |
<BOP> The years following 2009 marked a shift in the structure of the "Big Four" with Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City both breaking into the top four. In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton in 2005. Criticism of the gap between an elite group of "super clubs" and the majority of the Premier League has continued, nevertheless, due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs. Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first club outside the "Big Four" to win since 1994–95. That season also saw two of the Big Four (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four places for the first time since 1994–95. <EOP> <BOQ> In the 2009-10 season, which team was the first to break into the "Big Four" since 2005? <EOQ> | In the 2009-10 season, which team was the first to break into the "Big Four" since 2005? | <BOL> Tottenham <EOL> |
<BOP> During colonial times, Edenton served as the state capital beginning in 1722, and New Bern was selected as the capital in 1766. Construction of Tryon Palace, which served as the residence and offices of the provincial governor William Tryon, began in 1767 and was completed in 1771. In 1788 Raleigh was chosen as the site of the new capital, as its central location protected it from attacks from the coast. Officially established in 1792 as both county seat and state capital, the city was named after Sir Walter Raleigh, sponsor of Roanoke, the "lost colony" on Roanoke Island. <EOP> <BOQ> What city became the capital of North Carolina in 1766? <EOQ> | What city became the capital of North Carolina in 1766? | <BOL> New Bern <EOL> |
Given the premise: <BOP> 'George Avakian (Armenian: Գևորգ Ավագյան ; Russian: Геворк Авакян ; born March 15, 1919) is an American record producer and executive known particularly for his work with Columbia Records, and his production of albums by Louis Armstrong, Miles Davis and other notable jazz musicians.' </EOP>, evaluate whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'George Avakian is no longer living.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your decision. | George Avakian is no longer living. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} This neither definitely correct or definitely incorrect because it does not mention whether or not the person is alive or deceased. I think it was difficult for the system because if it doesn't say then it is automatically wrong. |
<BOP> Philip V, who came to power when Doson died in 221 BC, was the last Macedonian ruler with both the talent and the opportunity to unite Greece and preserve its independence against the "cloud rising in the west": the ever-increasing power of Rome. He was known as "the darling of Hellas". Under his auspices the Peace of Naupactus (217 BC) brought the latest war between Macedon and the Greek leagues (the social war 220-217) to an end, and at this time he controlled all of Greece except Athens, Rhodes and Pergamum. <EOP> <BOQ> Who took control when Doson died? <EOQ> | Who took control when Doson died? | <BOL> Philip V <EOL> |
With the given context: <BOP> 'The Sudanese President Omar Hassan al-Bashir has rejected an UN offer of up to 17,000 troops to stem the continuing crisis within the country. Bashir met with the UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan on Sunday at the 7th African Union Summit being held in the Gambian capital Banjul. In a speech to delegates from across the continent, Mr. Annan, who was born in Ghana, labeled the Darfur crisis as "one of the worst nightmares in recent history". But Mr. Bashir said he was concerned that a UN mandate would be seen as a "western invasion" that would attract militants and create a situation similar to Iraq.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Mr Annan was not born in Africa.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | Mr Annan was not born in Africa. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It says Mr Annan was born in Ghana which is in Africa so my statement is incorrect. The system fails to recognise that Ghana is in Africa. |
Based on the details provided in: <BOP> 'Lee Hong-gi (; ] ; Japanese:イ•ホンギ) is a South Korean singer-songwriter, actor, writer, and fashion designer. He is best known for his singing abilities and being the main singer of the South Korean rock band F.T. Island. Lee released his first solo extended play "FM302" in South Korea on 18 November 2015 and his Japanese album "AM302" on 9 December 2015.' </EOP>, determine if the claim: <BOH> 'The South Korean rock band F.T. Island is best known for it's lead singer, Lee Hong-gi.' </EOH> represents a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The South Korean rock band F.T. Island is best known for it's lead singer, Lee Hong-gi. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Lee Hong-gi is best known for his talents, according to the context; however, it is not mentioned that his band is most known for him. All squares are rectangles, but not all rectangles are squares. Using key words from the context (Lee Hong-gi, best known, the South Korean rock band) matched and I'm assuming the computer thought the matching strings of text was a positive. |
Given the context: <BOP> 'Peter Billingsley (born April 16, 1971), also known as Peter Michaelsen and Peter Billingsley-Michaelsen, is an American actor, director, and producer, known for his role as Ralphie in the 1983 movie "A Christmas Story" and as "Messy Marvin" in the Hershey's Chocolate Syrup commercials during the 1970s. He began his career as an infant in television commercials.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'Peter started in commercials then went on to do movies.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | Peter started in commercials then went on to do movies. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} It's true. Peter began in commercials. The system didn't understand what "when on to do movies" meant. |
<BOP> DNA replication is for the most part extremely accurate, however errors (mutations) do occur.:7.6 The error rate in eukaryotic cells can be as low as 10−8 per nucleotide per replication, whereas for some RNA viruses it can be as high as 10−3. This means that each generation, each human genome accumulates 1–2 new mutations. Small mutations can be caused by DNA replication and the aftermath of DNA damage and include point mutations in which a single base is altered and frameshift mutations in which a single base is inserted or deleted. Either of these mutations can change the gene by missense (change a codon to encode a different amino acid) or nonsense (a premature stop codon). Larger mutations can be caused by errors in recombination to cause chromosomal abnormalities including the duplication, deletion, rearrangement or inversion of large sections of a chromosome. Additionally, the DNA repair mechanisms that normally revert mutations can introduce errors when repairing the physical damage to the molecule is more important than restoring an exact copy, for example when repairing double-strand breaks.:5.4 <EOP> <BOQ> What is the lowest error rate that occurs in eukaryotic cells? <EOQ> | What is the lowest error rate that occurs in eukaryotic cells? | <BOL> 10−8 per nucleotide per replication <EOL> |
<BOP> Two major hardware revisions of the Xbox 360 have succeeded the original models; the Xbox 360 S (also referred to as the "Slim") replaced the original "Elite" and "Arcade" models in 2010. The S model carries a smaller, streamlined appearance with an angular case, and utilizes a redesigned motherboard designed to alleviate the hardware and overheating issues experienced by prior models. It also includes a proprietary port for use with the Kinect sensor. The Xbox 360 E, a further streamlined variation of the 360 S with a two-tone rectangular case inspired by Xbox One, was released in 2013. In addition to its revised aesthetics, Xbox 360 E also has one fewer USB port and no longer supports S/PDIF. <EOP> <BOQ> What component of the 360 S prevents overheating issues prevalent in prior versions? <EOQ> | What component of the 360 S prevents overheating issues prevalent in prior versions? | <BOL> a redesigned motherboard <EOL> |
<BOP> Many people from Strasbourg were incorporated in the German Army against their will, and were sent to the eastern front, those young men and women were called Malgré-nous. Many tried to escape from the incorporation, join the French Resistance, or desert the Wehrmacht but many couldn't because they were running the risk of having their families sent to work or concentration camps by the Germans. Many of these men, especially those who did not answer the call immediately, were pressured to "volunteer" for service with the SS, often by direct threats on their families. This threat obliged the majority of them to remain in the German army. After the war, the few that survived were often accused of being traitors or collaborationists, because this tough situation was not known in the rest of France, and they had to face the incomprehension of many. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces. Nowadays history recognizes the suffering of those people, and museums, public discussions and memorials have been built to commemorate this terrible period of history of this part of Eastern France (Alsace and Moselle). Liberation of Strasbourg took place on 23 November 1944. <EOP> <BOQ> What were the men and women sent to the eastern front against their will called? <EOQ> | What were the men and women sent to the eastern front against their will called? | <BOL> Malgré-nous <EOL> |
<BOP> In the 7th century, the Frankish merchant Samo, who supported the Slavs fighting their Avar rulers, became the ruler of the first known Slav state in Central Europe, which, however, most probably did not outlive its founder and ruler. This provided the foundation for subsequent Slavic states to arise on the former territory of this realm with Carantania being the oldest of them. Very old also are the Principality of Nitra and the Moravian principality (see under Great Moravia). In this period, there existed central Slavic groups and states such as the Balaton Principality, but the subsequent expansion of the Magyars, as well as the Germanisation of Austria, separated the northern and southern Slavs. The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681, the Slavic language Old Bulgarian became the main and official of the empire in 864. Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of Slavic literacy and Christianity to the rest of the Slavic world. <EOP> <BOQ> Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of what to the rest of the Slavic world? <EOQ> | Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of what to the rest of the Slavic world? | <BOL> Slavic literacy and Christianity <EOL> |
<BOP> If a capacitor is driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly enough, at some frequency the polarization of the dielectric cannot follow the voltage. As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantly, and so as frequency of an applied alternating voltage increases, the dipole response is limited and the dielectric constant diminishes. A changing dielectric constant with frequency is referred to as dielectric dispersion, and is governed by dielectric relaxation processes, such as Debye relaxation. Under transient conditions, the displacement field can be expressed as (see electric susceptibility): <EOP> <BOQ> Under what condition might the polarization of the dielectric be unable to follow the voltage? <EOQ> | Under what condition might the polarization of the dielectric be unable to follow the voltage? | <BOL> driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly <EOL> |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'The Vintage Sports Car Club of America (VSCCA) is American auto racing club and sanctioning body focused on competition and sports cars made before 1959. It was founded in 1958 and currently runs a year-round schedule of track, hillclimb, rally, and social events primarily on the East Coast.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'The rally events held by VSCCA mostly have cars from the 1950's, but the track events don't.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The rally events held by VSCCA mostly have cars from the 1950's, but the track events don't. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} We only know that the cars are from before 1959, we have no idea of the breakdown by year or event type. The system must have not known that info was unclear. |
<BOP> The "photoelectrons" emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect have a certain kinetic energy, which can be measured. This kinetic energy (for each photoelectron) is independent of the intensity of the light, but depends linearly on the frequency; and if the frequency is too low (corresponding to a photon energy that is less than the work function of the material), no photoelectrons are emitted at all, unless a plurality of photons, whose energetic sum is greater than the energy of the photoelectrons, acts virtually simultaneously (multiphoton effect) Assuming the frequency is high enough to cause the photoelectric effect, a rise in intensity of the light source causes more photoelectrons to be emitted with the same kinetic energy, rather than the same number of photoelectrons to be emitted with higher kinetic energy. <EOP> <BOQ> What type of energy due photoelectrons emitted due to the photoelectric effect have? <EOQ> | What type of energy due photoelectrons emitted due to the photoelectric effect have? | <BOL> kinetic <EOL> |
Given the detailed context: 'Manchester United Football Club is a professional football club based in Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. Nicknamed "the Red Devils", the club was founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to its current stadium, Old Trafford, in 1910.', judge whether the statement: <BOH> 'The Red Devils is a soccer team from England' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | The Red Devils is a soccer team from England | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Soccer is another name for UK Football. |
<BOP> The Elizabethan navigator, Sir Francis Drake was born in the nearby town of Tavistock and was the mayor of Plymouth. He was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the world and was known by the Spanish as El Draco meaning "The Dragon" after he raided many of their ships. He died of dysentery in 1596 off the coast of Puerto Rico. In 2002 a mission to recover his body and bring it to Plymouth was allowed by the Ministry of Defence. His cousin and contemporary John Hawkins was a Plymouth man. Painter Sir Joshua Reynolds, founder and first president of the Royal Academy was born and educated in nearby Plympton, now part of Plymouth. William Cookworthy born in Kingsbridge set up his successful porcelain business in the city and was a close friend of John Smeaton designer of the Eddystone Lighthouse. On 26 January 1786, Benjamin Robert Haydon, an English painter who specialised in grand historical pictures, was born here. The naturalist Dr William Elford Leach FRS, who did much to pave the way in Britain for Charles Darwin, was born at Hoe Gate in 1791. <EOP> <BOQ> What did the Spanish nickname Sir Francis Drake? <EOQ> | What did the Spanish nickname Sir Francis Drake? | <BOL> El Draco <EOL> |
Given the context: <BOP> 'The Tampere Floral Festival is an annual summer festival held in Tampere, Southern Finland in July and/or August. During the festival the centre of the city is decorated by flower arrangements and about 150 events such as concerts, parades, a "wine village" and a children's day take place. The festival lasts approximately one week and attracts thousands of local residents and visitors.' </EOP>, classify the statement: <BOH> 'The Tampere film festival is mostly held in August. It attracts thousands of local residents and visitors.' </EOH> as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your choice. | The Tampere film festival is mostly held in August. It attracts thousands of local residents and visitors. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The information states that the festival is held in July and/or August however it does not state which month it is MOSTLY held in and therefore the statement is neither correct or incorrect based on the passage. |
<BOP> Encompassing a wide variety of post-Romantic styles composed through the year 2000, 20th century classical music includes late romantic, modern, high-modern, and postmodern styles of composition. Modernism (1890–1930) marked an era when many composers rejected certain values of the common practice period, such as traditional tonality, melody, instrumentation, and structure. The high-modern era saw the emergence of neo-classical and serial music. A few authorities have claimed high-modernism as the beginning of postmodern music from about 1930. Others have more or less equated postmodern music with the "contemporary music" composed from the late 20th century through to the early 21st century. <EOP> <BOQ> Composers rejected the traditions of the common practice period during what era? <EOQ> | Composers rejected the traditions of the common practice period during what era? | <BOL> Modernism <EOL> |
<BOP> Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs. <EOP> <BOQ> When might an individual experience shortness of breath? <EOQ> | When might an individual experience shortness of breath? | <BOL> heart limits the output of the left ventricle <EOL> |
<BOP> If a tree grows all its life in the open and the conditions of soil and site remain unchanged, it will make its most rapid growth in youth, and gradually decline. The annual rings of growth are for many years quite wide, but later they become narrower and narrower. Since each succeeding ring is laid down on the outside of the wood previously formed, it follows that unless a tree materially increases its production of wood from year to year, the rings must necessarily become thinner as the trunk gets wider. As a tree reaches maturity its crown becomes more open and the annual wood production is lessened, thereby reducing still more the width of the growth rings. In the case of forest-grown trees so much depends upon the competition of the trees in their struggle for light and nourishment that periods of rapid and slow growth may alternate. Some trees, such as southern oaks, maintain the same width of ring for hundreds of years. Upon the whole, however, as a tree gets larger in diameter the width of the growth rings decreases. <EOP> <BOQ> Is wood production of a tree lessened or increased as it ages? <EOQ> | Is wood production of a tree lessened or increased as it ages? | <BOL> lessened <EOL> |
<BOP> There is ongoing debate about whether central banks should target zero inflation (which would mean a constant value for the U.S. dollar over time) or low, stable inflation (which would mean a continuously but slowly declining value of the dollar over time, as is the case now). Although some economists are in favor of a zero inflation policy and therefore a constant value for the U.S. dollar, others contend that such a policy limits the ability of the central bank to control interest rates and stimulate the economy when needed. <EOP> <BOQ> A zero inflation policy would limit who's influence and ability to react? <EOQ> | A zero inflation policy would limit who's influence and ability to react? | <BOL> central bank <EOL> |
<BOP> One facet of the changing attitude toward Korea and whether to get involved was Japan. Especially after the fall of China to the Communists, U.S. East Asian experts saw Japan as the critical counterweight to the Soviet Union and China in the region. While there was no United States policy that dealt with South Korea directly as a national interest, its proximity to Japan increased the importance of South Korea. Said Kim: "The recognition that the security of Japan required a non-hostile Korea led directly to President Truman's decision to intervene... The essential point... is that the American response to the North Korean attack stemmed from considerations of US policy toward Japan." <EOP> <BOQ> Which President decided to intervene after realizing that Japan's security would be affected by the hostility in Korea? <EOQ> | Which President decided to intervene after realizing that Japan's security would be affected by the hostility in Korea? | <BOL> President Truman <EOL> |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'Batalha dos Confeiteiros (English: "Battle of the Bakers"), also known as Batalha dos Confeiteiros Brasil, is a Brazilian television series based on "Next Great Baker", hosted by Buddy Valastro, the star of his own reality series, "Cake Boss". The series premiered Wednesday, September 30, 2015 at 10:30 p.m. on Record.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Buddy Valastro was born in America.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | Buddy Valastro was born in America. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} The reason this one is neither is because you wouldn't necessarily know where Buddy was born unless you really knew. You could assume Buddy is an American name, but it could also be a nickname. The system couldn't pick it out because it never gives the impression of where Buddy is from or where Cake Boss took place. |
<BOP> The undergraduates have a number of traditions: Painting The Rock (originally a fountain donated by the Class of 1902) is a way to advertise, for example, campus organizations, events in Greek life, student groups, and university-wide events. Dance Marathon, a 30-hour philanthropic event, has raised more than 13 million dollars in its history for various children's charities. Primal Scream is held at 9 p.m. on the Sunday before finals week every quarter; students lean out of windows or gather in courtyards and scream. Armadillo Day, or, more popularly, Dillo Day, a day of music and food, is held on Northwestern's Lakefill every Spring on the weekend after Memorial Day. And in one of the University's newer traditions, every year during freshman orientation, known as Wildcat Welcome, freshmen and transfer students pass through Weber Arch to the loud huzzahs of upperclassmen and the music of the University Marching Band. <EOP> <BOQ> What do students do during the traditional Primal Scream event held before finals week every quarter? <EOQ> | What do students do during the traditional Primal Scream event held before finals week every quarter? | <BOL> scream <EOL> |
With the given context: <BOP> '"No One Hurts Me More Than Me" is a song recorded by Canadian country music artist Chris Cummings. It was released in 2000 as the second single from his second studio album, "Lonesomeville". It peaked at number 7 on the "RPM" Country Tracks chart in August 2000.' </EOP>, analyze if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Chris Cummings' first single was released prior to 2000.' </EOH> is best described as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Justify your answer. | Chris Cummings' first single was released prior to 2000. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} There's no indication from the context whether his first single was released in 2000 or prior to it. This requires outside knowledge. |
<BOP> Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Violations, Off Label Marketing, Best Price Fraud, CME Fraud, Medicaid Price Reporting, and Manufactured Compound Drugs. Of this amount $2.5 billion was recovered through False Claims Act cases in FY 2010. Examples of fraud cases include the GlaxoSmithKline $3 billion settlement, Pfizer $2.3 billion settlement and Merck & Co. $650 million settlement. Damages from fraud can be recovered by use of the False Claims Act, most commonly under the qui tam provisions which rewards an individual for being a "whistleblower", or relator (law). <EOP> <BOQ> Who had the biggest fraud case settlement? <EOQ> | Who had the biggest fraud case settlement? | <BOL> GlaxoSmithKline <EOL> |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'The Kuršininkai (Curonians; German: "Kuren" ; Lithuanian: "kuršininkai, kuršiai" ; Latvian: "kursenieki, kurši" ; Polish: "kuronowie pruscy" ) are a nearly extinct Baltic ethnic group living along the Curonian Spit. "Kuršininkai" refers only to inhabitants of Lithuania and former East Prussia that speak a dialect of Latvian.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The Kursininkai have been extinct for a long time now.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | The Kursininkai have been extinct for a long time now. | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} My statement is definitely incorrect because they are not extinct yet. Maybe the system doesn't know what "nearly" means. |
With the premise: <BOP> 'Peace & Love is the tenth solo album by singer/songwriter Juliana Hatfield. The album is noteworthy in Hatfield's catalogue for her role in every aspect of its recording: Hatfield wrote and performed all of the songs on the album, in addition to playing all of the instruments. She also produced and engineered the album herself, and she released the album on Ye Olde Records, her own label' </EOP>, decide if the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Solo singer/songwriter Juliana Hatfield has followed up her prior hit album, "Joy in the Arms of my Beloved" with her tenth self-produced and engineered album, "Peace and Love". ' </EOH> leads to a contradiction, entailment, or neutral result. Explain why. | Solo singer/songwriter Juliana Hatfield has followed up her prior hit album, "Joy in the Arms of my Beloved" with her tenth self-produced and engineered album, "Peace and Love". | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} There is no way to determine the title of any prior album from this context. |
<BOP> Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as "part of the power structure rather than subject to it." Sociologist Andrew Holden states that most members who join millenarian movements such as Jehovah's Witnesses have made an informed choice. However, he also states that defectors "are seldom allowed a dignified exit", and describes the administration as autocratic. <EOP> <BOQ> What statement does Stark make about the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses? <EOQ> | What statement does Stark make about the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses? | <BOL> "not always very democratic" <EOL> |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'The human rights promotion and protection secretariat of the FMLN strongly condemns the massacre of five Spanish-born Jesuit priests, and three Salvadoran citizens, carried out by the Salvadoran Armed Forces Soldiers.' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'The human rights promotion and protection secretariat of the FMLN doesn't condemn anything but killings.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | The human rights promotion and protection secretariat of the FMLN doesn't condemn anything but killings. | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} We know they condemned killings. We don't know if they condemn anything else. There is no way to know because they only mentioned killings. |
<BOP> The referee may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card). A second yellow card at the same game leads to a red card, and therefore to a dismissal. A player given a yellow card is said to have been "booked", the referee writing the player's name in his official notebook. If a player has been dismissed, no substitute can be brought on in their place. Misconduct may occur at any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad. In particular, the offence of "unsporting behaviour" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are not listed as specific offences. A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute or substituted player. Non-players such as managers and support staff cannot be shown the yellow or red card, but may be expelled from the technical area if they fail to conduct themselves in a responsible manner. <EOP> <BOQ> A referee gives out a yellow card and writes down the players name in his notebook which is called being what? <EOQ> | A referee gives out a yellow card and writes down the players name in his notebook which is called being what? | <BOL> booked <EOL> |
<BOP> The prevalence of HIV-infection among the adult population is 1.8%. Only 20% of infected pregnant women receive anti retroviral coverage to prevent transmission to newborns. <EOP> <BOQ> Who receives retroviral coverage? <EOQ> | Who receives retroviral coverage? | <BOL> infected pregnant women <EOL> |
<BOP> All England matches are broadcast with full commentary on BBC Radio 5 Live. From the 2008–09 season until the 2017–18 season, England's home and away qualifiers, and friendlies both home and away are broadcast live on ITV (often with the exception of STV, the ITV affiliate in central and northern Scotland). England's away qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup were shown on Setanta Sports until that company's collapse. As a result of Setanta Sports's demise, England's World Cup qualifier in Ukraine on 10 October 2009 was shown in the United Kingdom on a pay-per-view basis via the internet only. This one-off event was the first time an England game had been screened in such a way. The number of subscribers, paying between £4.99 and £11.99 each, was estimated at between 250,000 and 300,000 and the total number of viewers at around 500,000. <EOP> <BOQ> Approximately how many total viewers watched the England World Cup qualifier on the internet on 10 October 2009? <EOQ> | Approximately how many total viewers watched the England World Cup qualifier on the internet on 10 October 2009? | <BOL> 500,000 <EOL> |
Using the premise: <BOP> '"Mississippi leads the nation for obesity in children and adults, I believe the last figure was over 18 percent," said Sarah Hudson, D.O., a family medicine resident at Forrest General Hospital. "So, that's significant. Those are numbers that we've never seen before, so we're having problems in children that we used to only see in adults and sometimes, middle-aged adults we're now seeing in relatively young children because of this."' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Sarah Hudson works with obese adults' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Sarah Hudson works with obese adults | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} It is not known if Sarah works with obese adults |
From the facts presented in <BOP> 'Low Patience<br>Tim was a tutor. He usually had a lot of patience. His latest student really pushed him, though. Tim could not get through to him. He had to give up and get someone else to help him.' </EOP>, decide if the statement: <BOH> 'Tim gave up on her eventually.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Tim gave up on her eventually. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Tim had to give up and get someone else to help HIM not HER, so the student is not a female. The model missed this small change in wording. |
Examine the premise: <BOP> 'Billy Dale Vessels (March 22, 1931 – November 17, 2001) was a gridiron football player. He played college football at the University of Oklahoma and won the Heisman Trophy in 1952. Vessels went on to play professional football with the National Football League's Baltimore Colts and the Western Interprovincial Football Union's Edmonton Eskimos.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> 'After a stellar college football career, Billy Dale Vessels went on to play professional football for three teams.' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | After a stellar college football career, Billy Dale Vessels went on to play professional football for three teams. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} He only played professional football for two teams. |
Reflect on the information in: <BOP> 'The Tiki Bar is Open was singer-songwriter John Hiatt's sixteenth album, released in 2001. It was his last album with Vanguard Records. Although they are uncredited, the album features backing band The Goners, the same cadre of friends who backed Hiatt in his 1988 release Slow Turning. It was coincidentally released on September 11, 2001.' </EOP>. Does the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Slow Turning was an album with Vanguard Records.' </EOH> constitute a contradiction, entailment, or neutral? | Slow Turning was an album with Vanguard Records. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} We are not told who the label is for Slow Turning - just its release date and that the Goners were the backing band. As it was before the last album with Vanguard, it could be with them - but we don't know for sure. |
<BOP> The WVS (Women's Voluntary Services for Civil Defence) was set up under the direction of Samuel Hoare, Home Secretary in 1938 specifically in the event of air raids. Hoare considered it the female branch of the ARP. They organised the evacuation of children, established centres for those displaced by bombing, and operated canteens, salvage and recycling schemes. By the end of 1941, the WVS had one million members. Prior to the outbreak of war, civilians were issued with 50 million respirators (gas masks). These were issued in the event of bombing taking place with gas before evacuation. <EOP> <BOQ> How many gas mask were issued before the war? <EOQ> | How many gas mask were issued before the war? | <BOL> 50 million <EOL> |
Considering the context: <BOP> 'Nifu Haruna, also known by his stage name WizzyPro is a Nigerian record producer and sound engineer. Best known for his chart-topping single titled "Emergency", WizzyPro is credited as the producer of Patoranking's first official single titled "Alubarika" which brought him to limelight. WizzyPro is signed to BeatBox and is currently working on his debut studio album titled "Lord of the Sound".' </EOP>, determine whether the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Most people know WizzyPro's single titled "Emergency".' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Provide your rationale. | Most people know WizzyPro's single titled "Emergency". | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The statement is inferred from the original information given. |
Analyze the premise: <BOP> 'Cara Anthony covers restaurants and retail for the Belleville News-Democrat, where she works to answer readers' questions about restaurant openings, business closures and the best new dishes in the metro-east. She attended Althoff Catholic High School in Belleville and grew up in East St. Louis.' </EOP>. Classify the hypothesis: <BOH> 'Cara Anthony did not attend a parochial school.' </EOH> as contradiction, entailment, or neutral. | Cara Anthony did not attend a parochial school. | {<BOL> entailment </EOL>} Cara attended Althoff Catholic High School in Belleville, and the Catholic affiliation makes it a parochial school, The model missed this. |
<BOP> Bond and Swann return to London where they meet M, Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny; they intend to arrest C and stop Nine Eyes from going online. Swann leaves Bond, telling him she cannot be part of a life involving espionage, and is subsequently kidnapped. On the way, the group is ambushed and Bond is kidnapped, but the rest still proceed with the plan. After Q succeeds in preventing the Nine Eyes from going online, a brief struggle between M and C ends with the latter falling to his death. Meanwhile, Bond is taken to the old MI6 building, which is scheduled for demolition, and frees himself. Moving throughout the ruined labyrinth, he encounters a disfigured Blofeld, who tells him that he has three minutes to escape the building before explosives are detonated or die trying to save Swann. Bond finds Swann and the two escape by boat as the building collapses. Bond shoots down Blofeld's helicopter, which crashes onto Westminster Bridge. As Blofeld crawls away from the wreckage, Bond confronts him but ultimately leaves him to be arrested by M. Bond leaves the bridge with Swann. <EOP> <BOQ> Who does M fight with? <EOQ> | Who does M fight with? | <BOL> C <EOL> |
<BOP> Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transparent lid. It can be used effectively with partially overcast skies and will typically reach temperatures of 90–150 °C (194–302 °F). Panel cookers use a reflective panel to direct sunlight onto an insulated container and reach temperatures comparable to box cookers. Reflector cookers use various concentrating geometries (dish, trough, Fresnel mirrors) to focus light on a cooking container. These cookers reach temperatures of 315 °C (599 °F) and above but require direct light to function properly and must be repositioned to track the Sun. <EOP> <BOQ> What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker? <EOQ> | What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker? | <BOL> 90–150 °C (194–302 °F) <EOL> |
<BOP> In 1971, Akira Endo, a Japanese biochemist working for the pharmaceutical company Sankyo, identified mevastatin (ML-236B), a molecule produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum, as an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, a critical enzyme used by the body to produce cholesterol. Animal trials showed very good inhibitory effect as in clinical trials, however a long term study in dogs found toxic effects at higher doses and as a result mevastatin was believed to be too toxic for human use. Mevastatin was never marketed, because of its adverse effects of tumors, muscle deterioration, and sometimes death in laboratory dogs. <EOP> <BOQ> What organism produces mevastatin? <EOQ> | What organism produces mevastatin? | <BOL> Penicillium citrinum <EOL> |
<BOP> Seafood and fish dishes include squid, octopus, red mullet, and sea bass. Cucumber and tomato are used widely in salads. Common vegetable preparations include potatoes in olive oil and parsley, pickled cauliflower and beets, asparagus and taro. Other traditional delicacies of are meat marinated in dried coriander seeds and wine, and eventually dried and smoked, such as lountza (smoked pork loin), charcoal-grilled lamb, souvlaki (pork and chicken cooked over charcoal), and sheftalia (minced meat wrapped in mesentery). Pourgouri (bulgur, cracked wheat) is the traditional source of carbohydrate other than bread, and is used to make the delicacy koubes. <EOP> <BOQ> What fruits are commonly used in foods? <EOQ> | What fruits are commonly used in foods? | <BOL> Cucumber and tomato <EOL> |
<BOP> The internal working language of the ECB is generally English, and press conferences are usually held in English. External communications are handled flexibly: English is preferred (though not exclusively) for communication within the ESCB (i.e. with other central banks) and with financial markets; communication with other national bodies and with EU citizens is normally in their respective language, but the ECB website is predominantly English; official documents such as the Annual Report are in the official languages of the EU. <EOP> <BOQ> When in communication with other nationalities, what language is generally used? <EOQ> | When in communication with other nationalities, what language is generally used? | <BOL> normally in their respective language <EOL> |
<BOP> The Olympic Flame is supposed to remain lit for the whole relay. When the Torch is extinguished at night, on airplanes, in bad weather, or during protests (such as the several occasions in Paris), the Olympic Flame is kept alight in a set of 8 lanterns.[citation needed] <EOP> <BOQ> In what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off? <EOQ> | In what is the torch flame kept lit when the torch must be off? | <BOL> lanterns. <EOL> |
Examine the premise: <BOP> '"Something from Nothing" is a song by the American rock band Foo Fighters from their eighth studio album "Sonic Highways". It was released as the album's lead single on October 16, 2014. Recorded at Steve Albini's Electrical Audio studio, the song was influenced by the Chicago music scene.' </EOP> and assess if the subsequent statement: <BOH> ''Something from Nothing'on Sonic Highways was recorded during a concert in Chicago' </EOH> is a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Include your rationale. | 'Something from Nothing'on Sonic Highways was recorded during a concert in Chicago | {<BOL> neutral </EOL>} The song was recorded in a studio |
Using the premise: <BOP> 'The Hard Fall<br>Mary was taking gymnastics classics. She was practicing a routine. Mary landed wrong on her ankle. She broke the ankle badly. Mary couldn't do gymnastics for months.' </EOP>, decide if the conclusion: <BOH> 'Mary talked to amy' </EOH> logically follows as a contradiction, entailment, or neutral. Explain your reasoning. | Mary talked to amy | {<BOL> contradiction </EOL>} Name isn't mentioned |
<BOP> On the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding events rather than emotion or pride, as Intendant General Wolff told him and his staff that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible. Therefore, the armies of France would take up a defensive position that would protect against every possible attack point, but also left the armies unable to support each other. <EOP> <BOQ> Which general was determined to go on the attack over Saar? <EOQ> | Which general was determined to go on the attack over Saar? | <BOL> General Le Bœuf <EOL> |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.