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String firstInitial = fullName.substring(0, 1); | It stores "J" in a string variable firstInitial, that is it stores the first initial. | We need to extract the first letter from the first name. | 2 |
String firstInitial = fullName.substring(0, 1); | It stores "J" in a string variable firstInitial, that is it stores the first initial. | We do this by calling the substring(0,1) method. | 1 |
String lastInitial = fullName.substring(5, 6); | this code stores the last initial of the name here ,"S" , in the variable named lastInitial | We need to extract the first letter from the last name. | 3 |
String lastInitial = fullName.substring(5, 6); | this code stores the last initial of the name here ,"S" , in the variable named lastInitial | We do this by calling the substring(5,6) method. | 2 |
String initials = firstInitial + lastInitial; | the firstInitial and the lastInitial are then stored together in the variable named initals. | This statements concatenates the extracted initials and store the result in the string initials. | 3 |
System.out.println(initials); | the value of the string variable initials is then printed out to the user on system screen. | This statement prints the initials to the default standard output stream. | 4 |
System.out.println(initials); | the value of the string variable initials is then printed out to the user on system screen. | The printed value is followed by the end-of-line character at the end. | 1 |
int[] values = {5, 8, 4, 78, 95, 12, 1, 0, 6, 35, 46}; | an integer array is initialized with the values given.
5, -4, 78, 95, 12. | We define array values to hold the specified numbers. | 4 |
int[] values = {5, 8, 4, 78, 95, 12, 1, 0, 6, 35, 46}; | an integer array is initialized with the values given.
5, -4, 78, 95, 12. | We initialize the array by separating elements with a comma and enclosing the collection in braces { }. | 2 |
int maxValue = values[0]; | the first value of the array is stored in the integer variable maxValue . | We need variable maxValue to store the maximum value of the array. | 3 |
int maxValue = values[0]; | the first value of the array is stored in the integer variable maxValue . | We initialize this variable by the first value in the array because we initially assume that the first value is the maximum. | 3 |
for (int i = 1; i < values.length; i++) { | a for loop is created , with the iterator variable's value being 1, and the control condition being that the iterator variable's value should be less than the array length. | We use a for loop to iterate over the remaining array indexes and search for the maximum value. | 2 |
for (int i = 1; i < values.length; i++) { | a for loop is created , with the iterator variable's value being 1, and the control condition being that the iterator variable's value should be less than the array length. | We need the array indexes to start at 1 with every integer number up to but not including the array length. | 2 |
if (values[i] > maxValue) { | this is an if statement , with the condition that if the array element , whose index value is equal to that of the iterator variable is greater than the value of the variable maxValue, then the code enclosed by it will be executed. | We need to compare the value at the index i of the array with the maximum value stored in variable maxValue. | 2 |
if (values[i] > maxValue) { | this is an if statement , with the condition that if the array element , whose index value is equal to that of the iterator variable is greater than the value of the variable maxValue, then the code enclosed by it will be executed. | If the value at that index is larger than the maximum value, then we need to set the maximum value to the value of the element at index i. | 2 |
maxValue = values[i]; | the value of the element in the array at the index of the iterator variable is assigned to maxValue . | This statement sets the maximum value to value of the element at index i of the array. | 3 |
System.out.println("Maximum value: " + maxValue); | system prints "Maximum value: " + maxValue | This statement prints the maximum value of the array to the default standard output stream. | 3 |
String fullName = "John Smith" | This is the data used for the problem. | We define a string variable to hold the name. | 1 |
String fullName = "John Smith" | Since we want to print the initials of John Smith, we define this name as a string. | We define a string variable to hold the name. | 3 |
String firstInitial = fullName.substring(0, 1); | We obtain the first character of the first word by taking a single character substring from the beginning of the string. | We need to extract the first letter from the first name. | 3 |
String firstInitial = fullName.substring(0, 1); | We obtain the first character of the first word by taking a single character substring from the beginning of the string. | We do this by calling the substring(0,1) method. | 5 |
String lastInitial = fullName.substring(5, 6); | Now, we take the first character of the second part of the name by taking a second substring. | We need to extract the first letter from the last name. | 3 |
String lastInitial = fullName.substring(5, 6); | Now, we take the first character of the second part of the name by taking a second substring. | We do this by calling the substring(5,6) method. | 2 |
String initials = firstInitial + lastInitial; | We add these two characters together to get the initials. | This statements concatenates the extracted initials and store the result in the string initials. | 5 |
System.out.println(initials); | Now we print the initials we obtained | This statement prints the initials to the default standard output stream. | 3 |
System.out.println(initials); | Now we print the initials we obtained | The printed value is followed by the end-of-line character at the end. | 1 |
int[] values = {5, 8, 4, 78, 95, 12, 1, 0, 6, 35, 46}; | Initialize our array of values | We define array values to hold the specified numbers. | 3 |
int[] values = {5, 8, 4, 78, 95, 12, 1, 0, 6, 35, 46}; | Initialize our array of values | We initialize the array by separating elements with a comma and enclosing the collection in braces { }. | 2 |
int maxValue = values[0]; | Initialize a max value which we compare the rest of the array to by taking the first value in the array. | We need variable maxValue to store the maximum value of the array. | 3 |
int maxValue = values[0]; | Initialize a max value which we compare the rest of the array to by taking the first value in the array. | We initialize this variable by the first value in the array because we initially assume that the first value is the maximum. | 2 |
for (int i = 1; i < values.length; i++) { | Step through the array element by element starting at the second element | We use a for loop to iterate over the remaining array indexes and search for the maximum value. | 2 |
for (int i = 1; i < values.length; i++) { | Step through the array element by element starting at the second element | We need the array indexes to start at 1 with every integer number up to but not including the array length. | 2 |
if (values[i] > maxValue) { | Compare the element at the current index of the array to our stored max element | We need to compare the value at the index i of the array with the maximum value stored in variable maxValue. | 4 |
if (values[i] > maxValue) { | Compare the element at the current index of the array to our stored max element | If the value at that index is larger than the maximum value, then we need to set the maximum value to the value of the element at index i. | 1 |
maxValue = values[i]; | Store the new max element | This statement sets the maximum value to value of the element at index i of the array. | 2 |
System.out.println("Maximum value: " + maxValue); | Print the maximum value we found | This statement prints the maximum value of the array to the default standard output stream. | 3 |
System.out.println("Maximum value: " + maxValue); | Print the maximum value we found | This statement prints the maximum value of the array to the default standard output stream. | 3 |
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); | Set up the scanner to read in values | To read the input value from the user, we need to define a Scanner object. | 4 |
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); | Set up the scanner to read in values | We need to read and process the integer that the user enters. | 3 |
System.out.println("Enter an integer: "); | Instruct the user to enter an integer | We prompt the user to enter an integer. | 5 |
int num = scan.nextInt(); | Read in the user submitted value as an integer | We read the input integer by calling the nextInt() method because this input is an integer. | 3 |
int num = scan.nextInt(); | Read in the user submitted value as an integer | We need to read the integer that the user enters and store it in a variable. | 4 |
scan.close(); | Stop reading in input values | We close the scanner as we do not want to process any input from the user in the rest of the program. | 3 |
if ( num > 0 ) { | Check if the number is positive | If the integer is neither positive nor negative, then we could conclude that the integer is zero. | 2 |
if ( num > 0 ) { | Check if the number is positive | The conditions that tests for the integer's sign are mutually exclusive (i.e., one and only one of the conditions can be true); therefore, their order does not matter. | 1 |
if ( num > 0 ) { | Check if the number is positive | To determine the sign of the integer, we need to perform two tests: one for determining whether the integer is positive and one for determining whether the integer is negative. | 2 |
if ( num > 0 ) { | Check if the number is positive | Also, it is better to use if-else if statements instead of sequential if statements because an integer has only one sign and once we find the sign, we don't need to perform more tests. | 1 |
if ( num > 0 ) { | Check if the number is positive | If both of these tests fail, then we could conclude that the integer is zero. | 1 |
System.out.println("The integer is positivie."); | Notify the user that the number is positive | This statement prints that the integer is positive. | 4 |
System.out.println("The integer is positivie."); | Notify the user that the number is positive | The printed text is followed by the end-of-line character at the end. | 1 |
} else if ( num < 0 ) { | Check if the number is negative | If the first test fails (i.e., when the integer is not positive), we need to test if the integer is negative. | 2 |
System.out.println("The integer is negative."); | Notify the user that the number found is negative | The printed text is followed by the end-of-line character at the end. | 2 |
System.out.println("The integer is negative."); | Notify the user that the number found is negative | This statement prints that the integer is negative. | 4 |
} else { | Default to the value zero as the number was neither positive nor negative | We need to end the above if-else if statements with an else statement that its body is executed when none of the above tests are true, that is when the integer is zero. | 2 |
System.out.println("The integer is zero."); | Notify the user that the entered number is zero | The printed text is followed by the end-of-line character at the end. | 1 |
System.out.println("The integer is zero."); | Notify the user that the entered number is zero | This statement prints that the integer is zero. | 5 |
int [] arr = { 1, 2, 3}; | Set up the array of integers to increment. | We initialize the array of type int to hold the specified numbers. | 2 |
int [] arr = { 1, 2, 3}; | Set up the array of integers to increment. | We initialize the array by separating elements with a comma and enclosing the collection in braces { }. | 2 |
for ( int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) { | Step through each element of the array starting from the first and going to the last | We want to iterate over the array and increment each element in the array by 1. | 3 |
for ( int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) { | Step through each element of the array starting from the first and going to the last | To really change the array as we march across it, we need to use indexes so we can assign an updated value to each position as we go. | 1 |
for ( int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) { | Step through each element of the array starting from the first and going to the last | We need the array indexes to start at 0 (array indexes start from 0) with every integer number up to but not including the array length. | 4 |
arr[i] += 1; | Add one to the element at the current index of the array to increment the value. | This statement increments the element at the index i of the array by 1. | 4 |
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); | Set up a scanner to read in user submitted inputs | To read the input value from the user, we need to define a Scanner object. | 4 |
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); | Set up a scanner to read in user submitted inputs | We need to read and process the value that the user enters. | 3 |
System.out.println("Enter an integer for seconds: "); | Notify the user to input a time value in seconds | We prompt the user to enter the seconds. | 3 |
int seconds = scan.nextInt(); | Read in the user input as an integer | We need to read the seconds that the user enters and store it in a variable. | 3 |
int seconds = scan.nextInt(); | Read in the user input as an integer | We read the seconds by calling the nextInt() method because this input is an integer. | 2 |
scan.close(); | Close the scanner to stop reading in inputs | We close the scanner as we do not want to process any input from the user in the rest of the program. | 3 |
int minutes = seconds / 60; | Generate a total number of minutes by doing integer division | To obtain the minutes in seconds, we divide the seconds by 60 because there are 60 seconds in a minute. | 2 |
int minutes = seconds / 60; | Generate a total number of minutes by doing integer division | Note that since both operands of division operator are integer, the fractional part of the result is truncated, if there is any. | 1 |
int remainingSeconds = seconds % 60; | Find the remainder after finding the number of minutes by using the modulo operator | This is because there are 60 seconds in a minute. | 1 |
int remainingSeconds = seconds % 60; | Find the remainder after finding the number of minutes by using the modulo operator | Note that the % operator returns the remainder of the division. | 3 |
int remainingSeconds = seconds % 60; | Find the remainder after finding the number of minutes by using the modulo operator | To obtain the remaining seconds after taking away the minutes, we have to take the remainder of the seconds divided by 60. | 3 |
System.out.println(seconds + " seconds is " + minutes + " minutes and " + remainingSeconds + " seconds."); | Print out the input time value as a number of minutes and seconds | This statement prints to the default standard output stream the minutes and remaining seconds from the input amount of time in seconds. | 3 |
System.out.println(seconds + " seconds is " + minutes + " minutes and " + remainingSeconds + " seconds."); | Print out the input time value as a number of minutes and seconds | The printed text is followed by the end-of-line character at the end. | 1 |
int num = 15; | Set up the initial number whose smallest divisor we seek. | We define variable num to store the number that we want to find its smallest divisor. | 3 |
int num = 15; | Set up the initial number whose smallest divisor we seek. | We could initialize it to any positive integer greater than 1. | 1 |
int num = 15; | Set up the initial number whose smallest divisor we seek. | In this program, we initialize variable num to 15. | 1 |
int divisor = 2; | Initialize the first possible smallest divisor | We initialize variable divisor by 2 because we want to find the smallest divisor except 1. | 2 |
int divisor = 2; | Initialize the first possible smallest divisor | We define variable divisor to store the smallest divisor of the number. | 3 |
divisor += 1; | Go to the next possible smallest divisor | When the divisor is not a factor of the number, we increment the variable divisor by 1. | 1 |
while (num % divisor != 0) { | Keep looking for a new divisor while the current divisor still leaves a remainder | Since we don't know ahead of time how many times the loop will be repeated, we need to use a while loop. | 1 |
while (num % divisor != 0) { | Keep looking for a new divisor while the current divisor still leaves a remainder | We need to increment the divisor repeatedly as long as the divisor is not a factor of the number. | 3 |
while (num % divisor != 0) { | Keep looking for a new divisor while the current divisor still leaves a remainder | Therefore, we need to use a loop structure. | 1 |
while (num % divisor != 0) { | Keep looking for a new divisor while the current divisor still leaves a remainder | The condition in the while loop tests whether the body of the loop should be repeated, so it should test whether the divisor is not a factor of the number. | 2 |
while (num % divisor != 0) { | Keep looking for a new divisor while the current divisor still leaves a remainder | We could check whether the divisor is not a factor of the number by computing the remainder of the division of the number by the divisor. | 2 |
System.out.println("The smallest divisor of " + num + " is " + divisor); | Print the number and the smallest divisor we found | This statement prints to the default standard output stream the smallest divisor of the number. | 4 |
int num = 1234; | Initialize the number we seek to print in reverse | We need variable num to store the integer that we want to print its digits. | 3 |
do { | Iterate through the whole number | We need to process the digits of the integer from right to left and print them. | 2 |
do { | Iterate through the whole number | Therefore, we need to use a loop structure. | 1 |
do { | Iterate through the whole number | In this program, we do this by using a do loop. | 2 |
do { | Iterate through the whole number | The do loop is more appropriate than a while loop because a positive integer always has at least one digit which results in the body of the loop performing at least once. | 1 |
System.out.println(num % 10); | Print the current digit in the ones place by finding the remainder of the number when dividing by ten | Each printed digit is followed by the line separator (e.g. '\n') at the end. | 1 |
System.out.println(num % 10); | Print the current digit in the ones place by finding the remainder of the number when dividing by ten | We need to extract the last digit in the 1's position of the integer. | 3 |
System.out.println(num % 10); | Print the current digit in the ones place by finding the remainder of the number when dividing by ten | For example, if the integer is 1234, we want to extract the digit 4 that is in 1's position of the integer. | 3 |
System.out.println(num % 10); | Print the current digit in the ones place by finding the remainder of the number when dividing by ten | We do this by calculating the remainder of the division of the integer by 10. | 3 |
System.out.println(num % 10); | Print the current digit in the ones place by finding the remainder of the number when dividing by ten | Then, this statement prints the last digit of the integer to the standard output stream. | 4 |
num = num / 10; | Remove the ones place on the number | Therefore, this division will remove the digit that we processed (lastDigit) and we can move on to the next digit. | 2 |
num = num / 10; | Remove the ones place on the number | We truncate the extracted digit that we processed from the original integer by dividing the integer by 10. | 3 |
num = num / 10; | Remove the ones place on the number | Note that this statement performs an integer division because both operand of the / operator are integer. | 1 |
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