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We could never have done the convention against anti-personnel landmines and the convention that is banning cluster munitions unless we had done diplomacy differently, by engaging with civil society.
察人地雷犁止条玄およびクラスタヌ爆匟犁止条玄は垂民団䜓を関䞎させるずいう埓来の倖亀政策からの転換がなければなしえなかったこずでしょう
All of a sudden, NGOs were not only standing in the streets, crying their slogans, but they were taking [them] into the negotiations, partly because they represented the victims of these weapons.
ある日突然 NGOは街頭でスロヌガンを叫ぶだけでなく亀枉の堎に参加するようになりたした圌らがこうした歊噚の犠牲者を代衚しおいたこずが理由の䞀぀です
And they brought their knowledge.
そしお圌らの知識が圹立ちたした
And there was an interaction between diplomacy and the power coming bottom-up.
ここに倖亀ず民衆からくる力の
This is perhaps a first element of a change.
これはおそらく倉革の最初の兆候です
In the future, I believe, we should draw examples from these different illustrations, not to have diplomacy which is disconnected from people and civil society.
将来私たちは人々や垂民団䜓から断絶した倖亀政策ではなくこうした成功䟋を参考にする必芁がありたす
And we have to go also beyond traditional diplomacy to the survival issue of our times, climate change.
たた既存の倖亀政策の枠組みを超え珟代の我々にずっおの死掻問題である気候倉動に぀いおも取り組たなければなりたせん
How are we going to solve climate change through negotiations, unless we are able to make civil society and people, not part of the problem, but part of the solution?
人々や垂民団䜓を問題の䞀郚ずしおではなく解決策の䞀郚ずしお取り蟌むこずができなければ亀枉によっお気候倉動問題を解決するこずはできないでしょう
It's crucial to understand, I believe, because of technology and because of globalization, societies from bottom-up.
これは絶察に理解しなければならないこずだず思いたすテクノロゞヌずグロヌバル化によっお瀟䌚は民衆から倉わっおいくからです
We as diplomats need to know the social capital of communities.
我々倖亀官はコミュニティの瀟䌚資本を知っおおく必芁がありたす
What is it that makes people trust each other, not only between states, but also within states?
囜家間においおだけでなく囜内においおも人々をお互いに信甚させるものは䜕なのでしょうか 
What is the legitimacy of diplomacy, of the the solution we devise as diplomats if they cannot be reflected and understood by also these broader forces of societies that we now very loosely call groups?
倖亀における正圓性ずは䜕でしょう  地域においお広域の力を持぀我々があいたいに集団ず呌んでいる圌らのこずを理解し倖亀に反映するこずができないならば我々倖亀官が生み出す問題解決の正圓性は䜕でしょう 
The good thing is that we are not powerless.
幞い我々は無力ではありたせん
We have never had as many means of communication, means of being connected, means of reaching out, means of including.
歎史䞊か぀おこれほどたくさんのコニュニケヌション手段を手にしたこずはありたせんでした぀ながるための連絡するための連携するための手段がありたす
The diplomatic toolbox is actually full of different tools we can use to strengthen our communication.
コニュニケヌションを匷化するために䜿甚できる倖亀のための道具箱には実際たくさんの道具が揃っおいるのです
But the problem is that we are coming out of a decade where we had a fear of touching it.
ただこの10幎間こうした手法を恐れお䜿甚しなかっただけなのです
And as we try to understand this broad movement across the Arab world, we are not powerless.
広範な運動を理解するにあたり我々は無力ではありたせん
We need to improve the necessary skills, and we need the courage to use them.
ただ必芁なスキルを向䞊させそれを䜿う勇気を持぀こずが必芁なのです
And when tension increased, they already had that dialogue, and that was a strength to deal with different issues.
緊匵が高たった時には圌らはすでに察話を行っおおりそれが様々な問題を察凊する䞊での力ずなるのです
Our modern Western societies are more complex than before, in this time of migration.
珟圚の欧米瀟䌚は移民時代を迎え以前より耇雑さを増しおいたす
How are we going to settle and build a bigger "" We "" to deal with our issues if we don't improve our skills of communication?
コミュニケヌションのスキルを向䞊させなければより倧きな「私たち」を䜜っお我々の問題に察凊するこずはできないのです
So there are many reasons, and for all of these reasons, this is time and this is why we must talk.
さおたくさんの理由をあげたしたがこれらすべおの理由によっお今こそ我々は察話をすべきなのです
Thank you for your attention.
ご枅聎ありがずうございたした
(Applause)
 拍手 
And even though I finished my degree, I realized I could not settle into a career in law.
それを仕事にする気持ちが無くなりたした
(Laughter) (Applause) "" It can't be done "" was shown to be wrong.
(拍手)
She asked the monk, "Why is it that her hand is so warm and the rest of her is so cold?"
「なぜこんなに手が枩かいんでしょう
(Applause) Trevor Neilson: And also, Tan's mother is here today, in the fourth or fifth row. (Applause)
(拍手)
Throughout my career, I've been fortunate enough to work with many of the great international architects, documenting their work and observing how their designs have the capacity to influence the cities in which they sit.
キャリアを通じお私は幞運にも䞖界䞭のすぐれた建築家のキャリアを通じお私は幞運にも䞖界䞭のすぐれた建築家の仕事を蚘録し圌らの仕事がどのように郜垂に圱響を及がすか芳察するこずができたした
I think of new cities like Dubai or ancient cities like Rome with Zaha Hadid's incredible MAXXI museum, or like right here in New York with the High Line, a city which has been so much influenced by the development of this.
ドバむのような新しい郜垂やロヌマのような叀代郜垂に建぀ザハ・ハディッドの囜立21䞖玀矎術通そしおここニュヌペヌクはハむラむンの開発によっお倧いに圱響を受けたした
But what I find really fascinating is what happens when architects and planners leave and these places become appropriated by people, like here in Chandigarh, India, the city which has been completely designed by the architect Le Corbusier.
しかし私が最も感銘を受けるのは建築家や郜垂開発者が去ったずきに人々が郜垂を䜜り倉えるこずです䟋えばむンドのチャンディヌガルは建築家ル・コルビュゞ゚が隅々たで蚭蚈した郜垂です
Now 60 years later, the city has been taken over by people in very different ways from whatever perhaps intended for, like here, where you have the people sitting in the windows of the assembly hall.
それから 60幎を経た今人々は街を圓初蚭蚈された目的ずは党く別の方向で䜿甚しおいたす䟋えばこの人たちは集䌚所の窓を怅子代わりにしおいたす
But over the course of several years, I've been documenting Rem Koolhaas's CCTV building in Beijing and the olympic stadium in the same city by the architects Herzog and de Meuron.
たた数幎間にわたっお北京に建おられたレム・コヌルハヌスの䞭囜䞭倮電芖台本郚ビルやヘルツォヌク  ド・ムヌロンのオリンピックスタゞアムの建蚭珟堎を远いたした
At these large-scale construction sites in China, you see a sort of makeshift camp where workers live during the entire building process.
これら䞭囜の倧芏暡な建蚭珟堎では劎働者が建蚭期間䞭䜏みこむための臚時宿泊斜蚭を䜜りたす
As the length of the construction takes years, workers end up forming a rather rough-and-ready informal city, making for quite a juxtaposition against the sophisticated structures that they're building.
建蚭期間が䜕幎にもわたるず雑然ずしおいながらも街ずしおの機胜を備えた劎働者の集萜ができたす圌らが建築しおいる掗緎された建物ずは察照的です
Over the past seven years, I've been following my fascination with the built environment, and for those of you who know me, you would say that this obsession has led me to live out of a suitcase 365 days a year.
この幎間私は䜜られた環境の魅力にずり぀かれおきたした私を知っおいる人なら「そんなものに魅せられおいるから私を知っおいる人なら「そんなものに魅せられおいるから幎䞭スヌツケヌス暮らしなんだ」ず蚀うでしょう
Being constantly on the move means that sometimes I am able to catch life's most unpredictable moments, like here in New York the day after the Sandy storm hit the city.
垞に移動しおいるずいうこずは非日垞を捉える機䌚に恵たれおいるずいうこずでもありたす非日垞を捉える機䌚に恵たれおいるずいうこずでもありたす䟋えばここニュヌペヌクがハリケヌン・サンディに襲われた翌日などです
During a conversation with local architects Urban-Think Tank, I learned about the Torre David, a 45-story office building which sits right in the center of Caracas.
地元の建築家やシンクタンクの方からトヌレ・デ・ダビの話を聞きたしたカラカスの䞭心に䜍眮する 45階建おのオフィスビルです
The building was under construction until the collapse of the Venezuelan economy and the death of the developer in the early '90s.
このビルは 90幎代初頭にベネズ゚ラの経枈が厩壊し開発者が亡くなるたで建蚭が続けられおいたした
About eight years ago, people started moving into the abandoned tower and began to build their homes right in between every column of this unfinished tower.
幎ほど前からこの廃墟ビルに人々が移り䜏み始め ― この䜜りかけのビルの支柱の間に家を䜜り始めたのです
There's only one little entrance to the entire building, and the 3,000 residents come in and out through that single door.
この建物には小さな入口が ぀あるだけでそこを 3,000人もの䜏人が ぀のドアから出入りしたす
Together, the inhabitants created public spaces and designed them to feel more like a home and less like an unfinished tower.
䜏人たちは力を合わせお共同のスペヌスを䜜り未完成のビルではなく居心地の良い家になるよう工倫しおいたす
In the lobby, they painted the walls and planted trees.
ロビヌの壁を塗り替え朚を怍えたした
They also made a basketball court.
バスケットボヌルコヌトも䜜られたした
But when you look up closely, you see massive holes where elevators and services would have run through.
しかしよく芋るず゚レベヌタヌなどの機胜があったはずのずころに穎が開いおいるこずがわかりたす
Within the tower, people have come up with all sorts of solutions in response to the various needs which arise from living in an unfinished tower.
この未完成のタワヌで生掻しおいく䞊で出おくる諞問題に察しお䜏人たちは様々な解決策を線み出したした
With no elevators, the tower is like a 45-story walkup.
このタワヌは建築や蚭蚈に関する知識のない
Designed in very specific ways by this group of people who haven't had any education in architecture or design.
建築や蚭蚈に関する知識のない䜏人たち自身により独特のやり方で蚭蚈された゚レベヌタヌのない 45階建のビルです
And with each inhabitant finding their own unique way of coming by, this tower becomes like a living city, a place which is alive with micro-economies and small businesses.
䜏人たちがそれぞれ独自の適応方法を芋出すこずで䜏人たちがそれぞれ独自の適応方法を芋出すこずでこのタワヌはミクロ経枈ず䞭小ビゞネスが掻発なこのタワヌはミクロ経枈ず䞭小ビゞネスが掻発な生きた街のようになるのです
When a new inhabitant moves into the tower, they already have a roof over their head, so they just typically mark their space with a few curtains or sheets.
タワヌに新しく越しおくる人は屋根はすでにあるので䜏みたい堎所をカヌテンや敷物で区切りたす
Slowly, from found materials, walls rise, and people create a space out of any found objects or materials.
そしお埐々に拟いものを䜿っお壁が䜜られありあわせのもので出来たスペヌスが出来䞊がりたす
It's remarkable to see the design decisions that they're making, like when everything is made out of red bricks, some residents will cover that red brick with another layer of red brick-patterned wallpaper just to make it a kind of clean finish.
デザむンをする䞊での圌らの䞋す決断には目を芋匵りたすデザむンをする䞊での圌らの䞋す決断には目を芋匵りたす䟋えば赀い煉瓊で家が出来おいる堎合煉瓊の䞊にさらに煉瓊の暡様の壁玙を貌っお綺麗に芋えるようにする人たちもいたす
The inhabitants literally built up these homes with their own hands, and this labor of love instills a great sense of pride in many families living in this tower.
この䜏人たちは文字通り自らの手で家を建おたすそしおこの愛情に満ちた努力がこのタワヌに䜏む倚くの家族の誇りになるのです
They typically make the best out of their conditions, and try to make their spaces look nice and homey, or at least up until as far as they can reach.
圌らは䞎えられた環境の䞭で自分たちのスペヌスをなるべく綺麗で居心地よくしようずしたす
Throughout the tower, you come across all kinds of services, like the barber, small factories, and every floor has a little grocery store or shop.
タワヌの䞭では色々なサヌビスを目にしたすたずえば理髪店や小さな工房そしお各階に小さな食料品店や店がありたす
And you even find a church.
教䌚さえありたす
And on the 30th floor, there is a gym where all the weights and barbells are made out of the leftover pulleys from the elevators which were never installed.
30階にはゞムがあり重りやバヌベルには備え付けられるこずのなかった゚レベヌタヌの滑車を䜿っおいたす
From the outside, behind this always-changing facade, you see how the fixed concrete beams provide a framework for the inhabitants to create their homes in an organic, intuitive way that responds directly to their needs.
倖から芋るず目たぐるしく倉わる倖芳の裏で固定されたコンクリヌトの梁が自分たちの必芁に合わせお䜏人たちが自然な盎感に埓い家を建おるための䜏人たちが自然な盎感に埓い家を建おるための枠組みになっおいるこずがわかりたす
Let's go now to Africa, to Nigeria, to a community called Makoko, a slum where 150,000 people live just meters above the Lagos Lagoon.
さおアフリカはナむゞェリアのマココずいうコミュニティヌに話を移したしょうラゎス・ラグヌンの氎䞊で 15䞇人の人々が生掻をしおいるスラムです
While it may appear to be a completely chaotic place, when you see it from above, there seems to be a whole grid of waterways and canals connecting each and every home.
完党に秩序のないずころに芋えるかもしれたせんが䞊空から芋るず䜕やら党おの家を぀なぐ敎然ずした氎路ず運河が芋えたす
From the main dock, people board long wooden canoes which carry them out to their various homes and shops located in the expansive area.
人々はメむンデッキから長い朚のカヌヌに乗り自分の家やお店のある広倧な地域を移動したす
When out on the water, it's clear that life has been completely adapted to this very specific way of living.
氎䞊に出れば圌らの生掻がこの特別な生掻様匏に完党に順応しおいるずわかりたす
Even the canoes become variety stores where ladies paddle from house to house, selling anything from toothpaste to fresh fruits.
カヌヌが雑貚店ずなっお女性たちが家から家ぞず歯みがき粉から果物たで䜕でも売りたわっおいたす
Behind every window and door frame, you'll see a small child peering back at you, and while Makoko seems to be packed with people, what's more shocking is actually the amount of children pouring out of every building.
窓やドアの向こうから幌い子䟛たちがこちらを芗き芋おおりマココは人で溢れおいる䞀方で実は䜕より驚くのが党おの建物が子䟛で溢れおいるこずです
The population growth in Nigeria, and especially in these areas like Makoko, are painful reminders of how out of control things really are.
特にマココのような地域でのナむゞェリアの人口増加は特にマココのような地域でのナむゞェリアの人口増加は物事が手に負えない状態になっおきおいるこずを象城しおいたす
In Makoko, very few systems and infrastructures exist.
マココではほずんどむンフラ蚭備が敎っおいたせんマココではほずんどむンフラ蚭備が敎っおいたせん
Electricity is rigged and freshest water comes from self-built wells throughout the area.
電力は間に合わせ皋床で新鮮な氎はあちこちに䜜られた自䜜の井戞からしか手に入りたせん
This entire economic model is designed to meet a specific way of living on the water, so fishing and boat-making are common professions.
ここの経枈掻動は党お氎䞊での生掻に適応しおきたため持業やボヌト䜜りが䞀般的な職業です
You'll have a set of entrepreneurs who have set up businesses throughout the area, like barbershops, CD and DVD stores, movie theaters, tailors, everything is there.
この地域にビゞネスを構える実業家たちもいお理髪店やCD ・ DVDショップ映画通や仕立お屋などあらゆるものが揃っおいたす
There is even a photo studio where you see the sort of aspiration to live in a real house or to be associated with a faraway place, like that hotel in Sweden.
写真通たでありそこを芗けば陞䞊の家に䜏みたいずいう憧れやスりェヌデンのホテルのような遠い堎所ぞの憧れが垣間芋えたす
On this particular evening, I came across this live band dressed to the T in their coordinating outfits.
この倜はたたたたお揃いのTシャツを着たバンドに遭遇するこずができたした
They were floating through the canals in a large canoe with a fitted-out generator for all of the community to enjoy.
圌らは運河の䞭を発電機を乗せた倧きなカヌヌで移動しながらコミュニティヌの人々を楜したせおいたした
By nightfall, the area becomes almost pitch black, save for a small lightbulb or a fire.
日が沈むずあたりはほが真っ暗です小さな電球や束明の灯りを陀けば
What originally brought me to Makoko was this project from a friend of mine, Kunlé Adeyemi, who recently finished building this three-story floating school for the kids in Makoko.
私がマココを蚪れたそもそもの理由は友人のクンレ・アデむェミがマココの子䟛たちのために立ち䞊げた䞉階建おの氎䞊校舎を䜜るプロゞェクトに参加するためでした
Another place I'd like to share with you is the Zabbaleen in Cairo.
次にご玹介するのはカむロに䜏むザバリヌンです
They're descendants of farmers who began migrating from the upper Egypt in the '40s, and today they make their living by collecting and recycling waste from homes from all over Cairo.
圌らは40幎代に北゚ゞプトから移䜏しおきた蟲民の子孫です珟圚圌らはカむロの䜏人から収集したゎミをリサむクルしお生蚈を立おおいたす
For years, the Zabbaleen would live in makeshift villages where they would move around trying to avoid the local authorities, but in the early 1980s, they settled on the Mokattam rocks just at the eastern edge of the city.
長幎の間ザバリヌンの人々は仮蚭の村に䜏み地方行政を避けるため遊牧民のような生掻をしおきたしたしかし 1980幎代初頭にカむロの東の蟺境に䜍眮するモカタム岩に定䜏したした
Today, they live in this area, approximately 50,000 to 70,000 people, who live in this community of self-built multi-story houses where up to three generations live in one structure.
珟圚この地域には 䞇から䞇人の人々が䜏んでいたす圌らは自分たちで建おた耇数階の家に䜏み倚くお䞖代たでがひず぀屋根の䞋に暮らしおいたす
While to most of us, living amongst these piles and piles of garbage may seem totally uninhabitable, to those in the Zabbaleen, this is just a different type of normal.
私たちのほずんどはこれだけのゎミに囲たれおは暮らせないでしょうがザバリヌンの人々にずっおこの状態は普通なのです
In all these places I've talked about today, what I do find fascinating is that there's really no such thing as normal, and it proves that people are able to adapt to any kind of situation.
今日玹介したこれらの堎所を芋るず実は「普通」などないずいうこずに感銘を受けたすそしお人はどのような環境にも適応できるこずを蚌明しおいたす
Throughout the day, it's quite common to come across a small party taking place in the streets, just like this engagement party.
䞀日を通しお婚玄パヌティヌのような小芏暡なパヌティヌに路䞊で行き䌚うこずがありたす
In this tradition, the bride-to-be displays all of their belongings, which they soon bring to their new husband.
ここの䌝統では花嫁になる女性が花婿の男性のもずに持っおいく党おの持ちものを展瀺するのです
A gathering like this one offers such a juxtaposition where all the new stuff is displayed and all the garbage is used as props to display all their new home accessories.
このような集たりは興味深い察比を浮き圫りにしたすこのような集たりは興味深い察比を浮き圫りにしたす新品が食られおいる䞀方で新居の調床品を展瀺するための小道具ずしおゎミが混圚しおいるのです
Like Makoko and the Torre David, throughout the Zabbaleen you'll find all the same facilities as in any typical neighborhood.
マココやトヌレ・デ・ダビのようにザバリヌンにも兞型的な町にある斜蚭は党お揃っおいたす
Visiting the homes of the Zabbaleen is also full of surprises.
ザバリヌンの家々を蚪ねるずさらなる驚きが埅っおいたす
While from the outside, these homes look like any other informal structure in the city, when you step inside, you are met with all manner of design decisions and interior decoration.
倖から芋るずこれらの家は街のどこにでもある手䜜りの建造物ですが䞀歩足を螏み入れるず倚様な郚屋の蚭蚈ず内装を芋るこずができたす
Despite having limited access to space and money, the homes in the area are designed with care and detail.
空間もお金も限られおいるにもかかわらずこの地域の家は緻密に泚意深く蚭蚈・装食されおいたす
Every apartment is unique, and this individuality tells a story about each family's circumstances and values.
アパヌトはそれぞれ個性的で各家庭が眮かれおいる環境そしお倧切にしおいる䟡倀芳を物語っおいたす
Many of these people take their homes and interior spaces very seriously, putting a lot of work and care into the details.
倚くの人は自分の家ずその内装に関しお真剣で现郚たでこだわり劎力ず気配りを惜しみたせん劎力ず気配りを惜しみたせん
The shared spaces are also treated in the same manner, where walls are decorated in faux marble patterns.
共有スペヌスにも同じようにこだわりが芋られ壁が倧理石調に塗られたりしおいたす
But despite this elaborate decor, sometimes these apartments are used in very unexpected ways, like this home which caught my attention while all the mud and the grass was literally seeping out under the front door.
しかしこれらの手の蟌んだ装食ずは裏腹にこれらのアパヌトは時折予期せぬ䜿われ方をしおいたすこれらのアパヌトは時折予期せぬ䜿われ方をしおいたす䟋えば私の泚意を匕いたのは泥や草が文字通り玄関からはみ出おいる郚屋でした
When I was let in, it appeared that this fifth-floor apartment was being transformed into a complete animal farm, where six or seven cows stood grazing in what otherwise would be the living room.
䞭に入れおもらうずどうやらこの階建おアパヌトは畜産堎に改造されおいたようです   頭の牛が元々リビングだった郚屋で草を食べおいたした
But then in the apartment across the hall from this cow shed lives a newly married couple in what locals describe as one of the nicest apartments in the area.
しかしこの牛小屋の向かいにある郚屋には新婚の倫婊が䜏んでおり地元の人曰くこの地域で最も玠敵なアパヌトらしいです
The attention to this detail astonished me, and as the owner of the home so proudly led me around this apartment, from floor to ceiling, every part was decorated.
现郚に凝った装食には驚きたしたこの家の䞻人が誇らしげに案内しおくれたアパヌトの䞭は床から倩井たで装食が斜されおいたした
But if it weren't for the strangely familiar stomach-churning odor that constantly passes through the apartment, it would be easy to forget that you are standing next to a cow shed and on top of a landfill.
もし倉に嗅いだ芚えのある気持ちの悪くなるような臭いさえ郚屋の䞭に入っおこなければ牛小屋の隣か぀ゎミの埋め立お地の䞊にいるこずは簡単に忘れるこずが出来るでしょう
What moved me the most was that despite these seemingly inhospitable conditions, I was welcomed with open arms into a home that was made with love, care, and unreserved passion.
さらに私を感動させたのはこの䞀芋 ― 䜏むのに適さない環境の䞭でも圌らは私を愛情ず気配りそしお惜しみない情熱が泚がれた家にあたたかく迎え入れおくれたこずでした
Let's move across the map to China, to an area called Shanxi, Henan and Gansu.
山西省河南省甘粛省を芋おみたしょう
In a region famous for the soft, porous Loess Plateau soil, there lived until recently an estimated 40 million people in these houses underground.
柔らかく倚孔性の黄土高原の土で有名なこの地域ではごく最近たで玄千䞇人が地䞭の家に䜏んでいたした