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gene expression from pid1 was studied in vitro in a coupled transcription-translation system and in minicells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
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15
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
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} |
this data suggests that the equal expression of the two alpha-globin genes observed in human erythrocytes results from a balance between the 3-fold excess of alpha 2-globin mrna and a 3-fold higher translational efficiency of alpha 1-globin mrna . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
34,
44
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} | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
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} |
however , this site-specific transcription revealed a coding-strand selectivity and a high efficiency accounting for nearly 90 % of total in vitro rna synthesis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
29,
42
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} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
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160
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} |
these studies confirm the greater sensitivity of nucleolar rna synthesis to class ii anthracyclines in erythroleukemia cells and suggest that inhibition of post-transcriptional events may occur in cells exposed to pym , mcm , and acm but at higher concentrations than are required for inhibition of rna synthesis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
161,
176
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} | {
"id": "C1514672",
"name": "inhibition",
"pos": [
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thus crown gall neoplastic transformation is a natural example of `` '' genetic engineering '' '' because it was shown that the growth of the tumor-inducing bacteria is stimulated by organic compounds ( so-called `` '' opines '' '' ) excreted by the transformed plant cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "neoplastic transformation",
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16,
41
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} | {
"id": "C1510411",
"name": "the transfo",
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specific differences in the patterns of transcription ( rna synthesis ) revealed that the histology of a particular lesion generally correlated with ( 1 ) the percentage of cells labeled with the isotope , ( 2 ) the number of grains per cell , and ( 3 ) their intracellular distribution . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
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} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
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} |
since the in vitro production of trypomastigote stages of trypanosoma cruzi in cell culture is frequently limited by ( 1 ) host cell overgrowth and ( 2 ) by the unequal redistribution of parasites after cell division resulting in asynchronous release of trypomastigotes , a culture system was devised in which host cell mitosis was inhibited by irradiation prior to parasite infection . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
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203,
216
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} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
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the convulsions of el mice reduced the incorporation of radioactive adenosines into oligo ( a ) and poly ( a ) segments , suggesting that they inhibited transcription as well as polyadenylation within hnrna . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
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153,
166
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} | {
"id": "C0949765",
"name": "polyadenylation",
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} |
the proposal that gene expression may be regulated by phosphorylation of nonhistone chromatin proteins was tested by studying increased transcription resulting from q fever . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
18,
33
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} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
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} |
the afferent and efferent arc of immunity were monitored by proliferative index ( pi ) and in vitro cytotoxicity of spleen cells , as well as the incidence of metastases . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
33,
41
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} | {
"id": "C0301896",
"name": "cytotoxicity",
"pos": [
100,
112
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} |
fourteen patients with pericardial effusions without clinical signs of tamponade ( pulsus paradoxus or other cardiac and circulatory abnormalities ) showed inspiratory reductions in echocardiographic left ventricular internal diastolic diameter which correlated directly with the exaggerated respiratory changes in systolic time intervals ( both pre-ejection period and left ventricular ejection time ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0005775",
"name": "circulatory",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C0012000",
"name": "diastolic",
"pos": [
226,
235
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} |
higher concentrations of substance p provoked food behavior inversion up to the replacement of food motivation by avoidance behavior . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
51,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
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} |
when dna damage and cell survival after the combined treatment were corrected for the contribution from bcnu given alone , no inhibition of either repair of radiation-induced dna damage or of recovery from radiation-induced pld was observed . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007620",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
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24
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} | {
"id": "C1511688",
"name": "inhibition of",
"pos": [
126,
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} |
most mutants in the region coding for the tpsicg stem-loop show a reduced gene expression associated with lack of processing of the primary transcriptional products ; | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
74,
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} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
140,
155
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} |
to study immunity to hepatitis b surface antigen ( hbsag ) at the cellular level , lymphocytes were obtained from the peripheral blood of hepatitis b vaccine recipients and were examined for various immune responses to hbsag in vitro . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
9,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune responses",
"pos": [
199,
215
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} |
in induced melc , alpha 1-globin gene transcription initiated predominantly near the cap site , occurs only off the coding strand , and might terminate , or attenuate , in a region 50 to 250 base-pairs 3 ' of the polyadenylation site . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
38,
51
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} | {
"id": "C0949765",
"name": "polyadenylation",
"pos": [
213,
228
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} |
these results lead us to the conclusion that this microorganism responds to depleted environmental conditions by regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level , but also at the translational level . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
124,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
147,
162
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} |
these results lead us to the conclusion that this microorganism responds to depleted environmental conditions by regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level , but also at the translational level . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
124,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
187,
200
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} |
the echidna energy metabolism is unique in that adenosine can stimulate glycolytic carbon flow , resulting in a nearly 20-fold net synthesis of atp . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
12,
29
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} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolytic",
"pos": [
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82
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} |
when correlated with previous results obtained for n-cam , these findings support the idea that local cell surface modulation of a small number of cell adhesion molecules may regulate other primary processes of development to yield specific patterns , both in early development and in organogenesis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "other",
"pos": [
184,
189
]
} | {
"id": "C0242290",
"name": "organogenesis",
"pos": [
285,
298
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} |
it is argued that these age-related dissociations in behavioral capacities reflect a caudal-to-rostral maturational sequence of components of the ascending gustatory system that are thought to underlie these capacities . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
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189
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} |
as previously observed with the protein c gene , protein c-3 gene expression in e. coli required an external promoter and suppression of termination of transcription . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
61,
76
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} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "termination",
"pos": [
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148
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} |
interconnecting neuronal populations in the vertebrate cns are typically not well matched in their overall topographic patterns of histogenesis and differentiation during development . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
131,
143
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} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
148,
163
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} |
the expression of a number of eukaryotic genes has been shown to involve at least two sequences located upstream of the actual transcription unit : one of these sequences , centred on a widely conserved tataat sequence , is thought to be involved in determining the precise site of initiation of transcription ; | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
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14
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} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
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} |
the similarity between this conserved sequence , which can be drawn as a hairpin loop , and bacterial transcription terminators has led several investigators to suggest that the specific 3 ' end of histone mrna is formed by termination of transcription . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
102,
115
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} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "termination",
"pos": [
224,
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} |
so far , however , experimental results have not been presented which make it possible to distinguish between a post-transcriptional processing or a transcription termination mechanism for the formation of histone mrna 3 ' termini . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
117,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "transcription termination",
"pos": [
149,
174
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} |
in vitro transcription in concentrated lysates of yeast spheroplasts in the presence of ( gamma-sh ) atp or ( gamma-sh ) gtp , followed by purification of the in vitro initiated rna via hg-agarose , revealed that on the endogenous template exactly the same site is used for transcription initiation as in vivo . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
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22
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} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "transcription initiation",
"pos": [
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298
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} |
transcriptional analysis of 5 ' deletion genes and of exact substitution genes including a series of single base substitution mutants indicates that the tata box and the cap region are required for faithful and efficient initiation of the fibroin gene transcription in vivo , whereas far upstream sequences and the caat-like sequences are not required . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
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15
]
} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "initiation",
"pos": [
221,
231
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} |
a gene with the ad2 mlp and first leader , and appropriate rna processing signals ( splicing , polyadenylation ) positioned around a mouse dhfr cdna clone was substituted for the eia region of ad5 , and virus stocks of ad5 ( dhfr-i ) were prepared on 293 cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1158728",
"name": "rna processing",
"pos": [
59,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0949765",
"name": "polyadenylation",
"pos": [
95,
110
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} |
the site of initiation of transcription of the gene was located by transcription experiments in hela cell extracts , and the putative regions for controlling the initiation of transcription were identified . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
26,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "initiation",
"pos": [
162,
172
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} |
unplanned events that frustrate reproductive intentions to varying degrees include contraceptive failure , sterility , miscarriage , prolonged conception delay , undesired sex combination of offspring , divorce , and the death of a spouse or a child . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
32,
44
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} | {
"id": "C0009637",
"name": "conception",
"pos": [
143,
153
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} |
the reproductive organs of paired s. mansoni adults cultured from cercariae were examined by transmission electron microscopy to assess their development . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "development",
"pos": [
142,
153
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} |
utilizing an in vitro transcription system constructed from these components , preliminary evidence has been obtained that pre-rrna gene expression is regulated by a modification of rna polymerase i that affects the enzyme 's ability to participate efficiently in the initiation of transcription . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
22,
35
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} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "initiation",
"pos": [
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278
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} |
utilizing an in vitro transcription system constructed from these components , preliminary evidence has been obtained that pre-rrna gene expression is regulated by a modification of rna polymerase i that affects the enzyme 's ability to participate efficiently in the initiation of transcription . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
132,
147
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} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "initiation",
"pos": [
268,
278
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} |
purified yeast rna polymerase ii , when supplemented with a full complement of mammalian transcription factors , does not promote specific transcription initiation on cloned mammalian class ii genes . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
89,
102
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} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "transcription initiation",
"pos": [
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163
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} |
these results allow the study of gene expression during development by comparing transcription of a gene transfected into homologous and heterologous cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
33,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
81,
94
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} |
since this rna is the only in vitro transcription product synthesized under these conditions , the existence of two types of polymerase activities , one for the synthesis of leader rna and one for mrna , is suggested . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
36,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "synthesis",
"pos": [
161,
170
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} |
the ambivalent behavior appeared to be a conditioned response and was probably a result of the motivation to feed after a period of feed deprivation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
15,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
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105
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} |
thus , although peripeduncular destruction eliminates copulatory behavior , such destruction appears to spare hormone dependent systems for sexual motivation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
65,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
147,
157
]
} |
behaviour or symptoms of neurotic nature are characterized as actions provided we succeed in uncovering their `` '' secret motives '' '' by construction or reconstruction . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviour",
"pos": [
0,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motive",
"pos": [
123,
129
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} |
suspicions of reproductive disturbances among women in a tirebuilding department was the reason for this study , encompassing 42 women , 30 of whom provided a total of 84 pregnancies out of which 21 were exposed to the tirebuilding process . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
14,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancies",
"pos": [
171,
182
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} |
given the fact that the highest brain concentrations of iron are found in dopaminergic structures ( see 42 for review ) , and the essential role of intact dopaminergic systems to attentional and learning processes ( 15b,30 ) , the resultant behavioural changes due to the reduction of dopaminergic activity in iron-deficient animals may go some way to explain the adverse effects on cognition , behavioural patterns , learning and attention , event-related potentials ( erps ) and eeg changes reported in iron-deficient children ( 19-28,30 ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioural",
"pos": [
241,
252
]
} | {
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
383,
392
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} |
given the fact that the highest brain concentrations of iron are found in dopaminergic structures ( see 42 for review ) , and the essential role of intact dopaminergic systems to attentional and learning processes ( 15b,30 ) , the resultant behavioural changes due to the reduction of dopaminergic activity in iron-deficient animals may go some way to explain the adverse effects on cognition , behavioural patterns , learning and attention , event-related potentials ( erps ) and eeg changes reported in iron-deficient children ( 19-28,30 ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
383,
392
]
} | {
"id": "C0023185",
"name": "learning",
"pos": [
418,
426
]
} |
circadian rhythmicity in cell proliferation was studied by several cytokinetic techniques in 8-week-old cd2f1 and swiss male mice . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
25,
43
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} | {
"id": "C0010813",
"name": "cytokinetic",
"pos": [
67,
78
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} |
however , ll had no deleterious effect on reproductive cycles of offspring reared in ll and originating from mothers exposed to ll prior to and during pregnancy . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
42,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
151,
160
]
} |
one way in which reinforcing stimuli produce learning is to increase the incentive motivational ( response-eliciting ) properties of neutral stimuli associated with them ; | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0023185",
"name": "learning",
"pos": [
45,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivational",
"pos": [
83,
95
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} |
the results indicate that energy metabolism of the hagfish myocardium is predominantly carbohydrate-based and that energy demand of the tissue can be sustained by anaerobic glycolysis during extended periods of extreme hypoxia . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy",
"pos": [
26,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "anaerobic glycolysis",
"pos": [
163,
183
]
} |
in the hamster , there are remarkable changes in odc activity in various uterine reproductive tissues during gestation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
81,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "gestation",
"pos": [
109,
118
]
} |
in order to study the comparative cross-reactivity of human interferon ( hu-ifn ) with cynomolgus monkeys , the effect of hu-ifn on the immune responses of monkeys was assessed by measuring lymphocyte transformation induced by phytomitogens . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune responses",
"pos": [
136,
152
]
} | {
"id": "C0024262",
"name": "lymphocyte transformation",
"pos": [
190,
215
]
} |
this discordant behavior of scan and angiogram is thought to reflect subsidence of postembolic vasospasm . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
16,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
50,
57
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} |
the most popular categories of questions were reproduction , sexuality , and contraception , followed by anatomy , venereal disease , pregnancy , abortion , vocabulary , hygiene , and other diseases . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproduction",
"pos": [
46,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
134,
143
]
} |
truncated proteins derived from partial fhua genes ( 68,000 , 42,000 , and 39,000 daltons ) and a partial fhud gene ( 24,000 daltons ) and the strong polar effect on the expression of the genes indicated the direction of transcription to be from fhua to fhud . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
170,
180
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
221,
234
]
} |
in addition , both the within- and the across-subjects analyses demonstrated a clear rank ordering in the predictive validity of the three attitudinal components : conation was a better predictor of behavior than was affect , which , in turn , was better than cognition . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
199,
207
]
} | {
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
260,
269
]
} |
[ behavior of the immune response studied with the lymphocyte blastogenesis test in vitro in the pre- and post-operative period ] . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
18,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0024262",
"name": "blastogenesis",
"pos": [
62,
75
]
} |
there are three possibilities concerning the mechanism of increase in number of gonadotrophs in the anterior pituitary after castration : one is the cell division by mitosis of matured gonadotrophs , another is the differentiation of immature cells , and the third is conversion of some other cell types into gonadotrophs . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "the cell",
"pos": [
145,
153
]
} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
166,
173
]
} |
in male mice homozygous for both ps and hpy , two recessive , pleiotrophic , mutations , gametogenesis is normal through meiosis but no functional spermatozoa are produced . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017001",
"name": "gametogenesis",
"pos": [
89,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0025186",
"name": "meiosis",
"pos": [
121,
128
]
} |
such cells do not proceed with histogenetic positioning , organization and differentiation and , instead , form a malformed cell mass . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenetic",
"pos": [
31,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
75,
90
]
} |
only those allegers with affective disorders manifested any behavior or thinking after admission that could cause staff concern about suicide . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
60,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thinking",
"pos": [
72,
80
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} |
we examined the quantitative evaluation of preference for morphine by assessing the conflict behavior between positive motivation and negative motivation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
93,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
143,
153
]
} |
suppressor pathways in tumor immunity : a requirement for qa-1 positive tumor-bearer spleen t cells in suppression of the afferent immune response to tumor antigens . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
29,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
131,
146
]
} |
it is hoped that this method will allow improved evaluation of lower limb circulation , and the definition of a sliding scale of the indices of mean and elastic systolic and diastolic pressures . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0005775",
"name": "circulation",
"pos": [
74,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0039155",
"name": "systolic",
"pos": [
161,
169
]
} |
the relative levels of expression of the five 3'-coterminal mrna families encode in the 16.4 to 99 map unit transcription unit of adenovirus type 2 ( ad2 ) are determined in part by the frequency of utilization of five possible polyadenylation sites . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
108,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C0949765",
"name": "polyadenylation",
"pos": [
228,
243
]
} |
using the same assay , a complete copy of polyoma virus dna was found to interfere with the enhancement of globin gene expression in a cell type-specific manner which may be due to incorrect transcription . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene",
"pos": [
114,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
191,
204
]
} |
considerable differences in the immune response were observed , as measured by delayed skin reactivity and antigen-induced lymphocyte stimulation in vitro . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
32,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0024262",
"name": "lymphocyte",
"pos": [
123,
133
]
} |
a potassium concentration of 115 mm was used in experiments with synchronized cells since at that level cell proliferation is almost completely halted , recovery of growth is rapid and complete , and the membrane potential is reduced to a level well below that normally found in cells in the g1 phase . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
104,
122
]
} | {
"id": "C0079395",
"name": "g1 phase",
"pos": [
292,
300
]
} |
and class 4 , high-pressure propellants of low toxicity that do not influence respiration or circulation even when inhaled at levels of up to 20 percent concentration . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
78,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inhaled",
"pos": [
115,
122
]
} |
helplessness , or the inability to take effective action in a problem situation , appears to involve both behavioral-motivational and competence factors . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
106,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivational",
"pos": [
117,
129
]
} |
calibration of the percent modification with [ 14-c ] aaf and analysis of the size of the rna product by double isotope labeling and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis support the following mechanism of transcription inhibition : most of the aaf residues bound to the coding strand of the dna cause premature termination of transcription , at or near the site of modification , with release of rna polymerase . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
203,
216
]
} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "termination",
"pos": [
309,
320
]
} |
the specific effect exerted by ultraviolet irradiation on transcription seems to arise from alterations in the dna structure rather than in bacterial rna polymerase since rna synthesis in ultraviolet-irradiated e. coli cells infected with unirradiated t ( 4 ) is sensitive to rifampicin . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
58,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
171,
184
]
} |
the effect of maternal immunity , age at vaccination and doses or live vaccines on immune response to newcastle disease . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
23,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
83,
98
]
} |
maternal immunity has a great effect on the pathogenicity of the vaccine viruses and the subsequent immune response ; | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
9,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
100,
115
]
} |
in six spontaneously breathing anesthetized cats , intermittently subjected to inspiratory elastic loads , we have studied the relationships between tidal volume ( vt ) and the durations of inspiration ( ti ) and breath duration ( ttot ) obtained during spontaneous ventilation from resting lung volume ( frcc ) and from elevated end-expiratory levels . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
21,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiration",
"pos": [
190,
201
]
} |
this model will provide the framework for a series of future studies of the various factors important in natural host defense against infection with candida , as well as the effects of various immunosuppressive agents , particularly corticosteroids , on the development and expression of immunity and protection against infection . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0520990",
"name": "host defense",
"pos": [
113,
125
]
} | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
288,
296
]
} |
modern studies , conducted with delta-9-thc , in healthy voluntaries , again suggest the comparison or even the identity of the modifications caused by cannabis with sleep and dream . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "conducted",
"pos": [
17,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0013117",
"name": "dream",
"pos": [
176,
181
]
} |
the increased synthesis of ribosomal rna ( rrna ) is correlated with enhanced cell proliferation , and it has been suggested that rrna metabolism may have a regulatory role in the progression of the cell cycle . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
78,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C1516334",
"name": "progression",
"pos": [
180,
191
]
} |
it was shown that cell survival curves can be interpreted on the basis of one unrepaired dsb being a lethal event , when dsb repair continues for about 11 hours after plating the cells on nutrient agar . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007620",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
18,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C1158537",
"name": "dsb repair",
"pos": [
121,
131
]
} |
beginning with the premise that a significant problem of ld theory has been its failure to explore fully its fundamental assumptions , this paper examines a number of these assumptions about individual and social development , cognition , and learning . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
227,
236
]
} | {
"id": "C0023185",
"name": "learning",
"pos": [
243,
251
]
} |
an examination of the basic assumptions of ld theory and soviet psychology shows that a major difference lies in their respective nondialectical and dialectical interpretation of the relationship of social factors and cognition , learning , and neurological development . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
218,
227
]
} | {
"id": "C0023185",
"name": "learning",
"pos": [
230,
238
]
} |
augmenting effects by ifn-beta on cell-mediated immunity in vivo ( delayed-type hypersensitivity ) and in vitro natural killer cell and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity were observed in several patients . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cell-mediated immunity",
"pos": [
34,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0003272",
"name": "antibody-dependent",
"pos": [
136,
154
]
} |
development and maturation of the catecholamine-containing neurons of the embryonic chick and quail remak 's ganglion were studied , using the glyoxylic acid method . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "development",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0013936",
"name": "maturation",
"pos": [
16,
26
]
} |
in vitro transcription of dna fragments containing the sas-rna coding region yielded no sas-rna synthesis ; | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
9,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "sas-rna synthesis",
"pos": [
88,
105
]
} |
the protective action of progestogens is supported by the fact the none developed endometrial cancer in a series of 490 women of reproductive age who received continuous estrogens by way of pellet implants of 17 beta estradiol for conception control for 1 -- 10 years . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
129,
141
]
} | {
"id": "C0009637",
"name": "conception",
"pos": [
231,
241
]
} |
[ effect of camp accumulation activators on the individual stages of gene expression in cells in acute body radiation lesion . 4. study of cytosol factors controlling transcription and nuclear release of rna during body radiation with and without radiation protection by serotonin ] . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene",
"pos": [
69,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
167,
180
]
} |
it is suggested that the ability of birds to cure the infection and retain immunity is due to the particularly efficient nature of their immune responses . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
75,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune responses",
"pos": [
137,
153
]
} |
in comparatively low concentrations formaldehyde does not inhibit cell proliferation , and induces chromosome aberrations at g1-s-stages , but not at g2-stage of mitotic cycle . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
66,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitotic cycle",
"pos": [
162,
175
]
} |
in tracheitis , the respiration was effected by the inspiratory and expiratory muscles but remained of the diaphragmal type . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
20,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
52,
63
]
} |
in tracheitis , the respiration was effected by the inspiratory and expiratory muscles but remained of the diaphragmal type . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
20,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0231800",
"name": "expiratory",
"pos": [
68,
78
]
} |
we conclude that muscles of the upper airway and the diaphragm are generally activated in a parallel fashion as respiration is stimulated by hypoxia , hypercapnia , and increased inspiratory resistance . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
112,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
179,
190
]
} |
respiratory tract immune response comprises antibody and cell-mediated systems and may be induced most readily by surface presentation of replicating agents but can result from parenteral or local presentation of highly immunogenic antigens . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
18,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0206431",
"name": "presentation",
"pos": [
197,
209
]
} |
in addition to histogenetic separation , electron microscopy revealed a spectrum of average cell differentiation within each subclass except null . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenetic",
"pos": [
15,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "cell differentiation",
"pos": [
92,
112
]
} |
forty parkinsonian patients on levodopa therapy for a mean of 4 years and 10 months were given a battery of psychometric tests to assess memory cognition , and perception . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
144,
153
]
} | {
"id": "C0030971",
"name": "perception",
"pos": [
160,
170
]
} |
impairment of respiration can be assummed if , in the adult , airway resistance during spontaneous breathing is higher than 6 cm h2o/l/sec during inspiration and/or expiration . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
14,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiration",
"pos": [
146,
157
]
} |
impairment of respiration can be assummed if , in the adult , airway resistance during spontaneous breathing is higher than 6 cm h2o/l/sec during inspiration and/or expiration . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
14,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0231800",
"name": "expiration",
"pos": [
165,
175
]
} |
a prospective study has been conducted to determine the clinical importance of lung scintigraphy in the work-up of patients thought to have bronchial carcinoma ( i.e. , accuracy of the scintigraphic diagnosis , data concerning spread of the primary tumor [ =t ] as well as the possibility of metastases to the lung hilus and mediastinum [ =n ] ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "conducted",
"pos": [
29,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
124,
131
]
} |
the amount of plasmid dna remained constant under these conditions , indicating that high levels of chloramphenicol can stimulate the expression of plasmid genes at the level of transcription in this strain . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
134,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
178,
191
]
} |
cellular immunity in pyelonephritis : identification of suppressor cell activity of spleen cells in response to concanavalin a and inhibition of lymphocyte-mediated l cell cytotoxicity . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cellular immunity",
"pos": [
0,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0301896",
"name": "lymphocyte",
"pos": [
145,
155
]
} |
( e ) patients high on sociopathic or rule-breaking behavior tended to show more primitive drive-dominated thinking ( p less than .01 ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
52,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thinking",
"pos": [
107,
115
]
} |
the local cell division response closely resembled the compensatory cell division response in the same organ which follows unilateral pneumonectomy or unilateral collapse of the lung : initially there was an increase in the rate of dna synthesis followed by an increased rate of entry into mitosis , both of these functions returning to normal levels within a few days . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
290,
297
]
} |
despite evidence for the specificity of the immunity induced by one isolated m component as opposed to another , no clear cytotoxic antibody , cell-mediated tumor-cell lysis , or predominance of either humoral or cell-mediated immune mechanisms were demonstrated . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
44,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0301896",
"name": "cell-mediated",
"pos": [
213,
226
]
} |
this in vitro follow-up study of the penicillin-induced immune response by a well-tolerated regimen was conducted with an association of four tests : lymphocyte transformation test ; | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune",
"pos": [
56,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0024262",
"name": "lymphocyte transformation",
"pos": [
150,
175
]
} |
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