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the data obtained combined with the previous findings suggest that chromatin peptides control gene expression at two levels : transcription and translation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
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"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
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109
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} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
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139
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} |
in personal interviews , information was obtained on the mother 's general health , family history , reproductive characteristics , pregnancy health , and environmental exposures . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
101,
113
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
132,
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} |
this study examines the influence of so-called biorhythms on circulatory parameters ( heart rate , systolic and diastolic blood pressure ) at rest and during ergometric exercise . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0005775",
"name": "circulatory",
"pos": [
61,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0039155",
"name": "systolic",
"pos": [
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} |
post-transcriptional polyadenylation is probably an essential step in selection of balbiani ring transcripts for a cytoplasmic role . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
5,
20
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} | {
"id": "C0949765",
"name": "polyadenylation",
"pos": [
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} |
( b ) ncmc was depressed mainly in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency or with defects affecting cellular immunity , which suggests a major role in ncmc for cells of t lineage . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cellular immunity",
"pos": [
108,
125
]
} | {
"id": "C0301896",
"name": "ncmc",
"pos": [
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} |
formation of behaviour probabilistic programs is based on domineering motivation , past experience ( both genetic and ontogenetic ) , and estimation of current situation fixed in the short-term memory . | process_includes_biological_process | {
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"name": "behaviour",
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} | {
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"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
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} |
the ultracentrifuged , solubilized preparation of rat histocompatibility ( hc ) antigen is unable to initiate immunity , but is able to react specifically with the product of an already established immune response . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
110,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
198,
213
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} |
the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusion in the tumour cells of kaposi 's sarcoma might be of significance in the histogenesis of this tumour , and of value in its histological differentiation from granuloma pyogenicum . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
116,
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} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
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} |
[ respiration and circulation in anaphylactic bronchial asthma in guinea pigs . 3. pulmonary changes during the asthma attack and the inspiratory reaction ] . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
2,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
134,
145
]
} |
studies were conducted in swiss ( cd-1 ) mice to evaluate the potential of inhaled vapors of methyl isocyanate ( mic ) to affect reproduction and development . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproduction",
"pos": [
129,
141
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} | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "development",
"pos": [
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157
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} |
the initiation of the differentiation is accomplished either after the cell division induced by the hypothetic inductors of spermiogenesis or -- more rarely -- with omitting mitosis , i.e . in the cells containing 2c dna . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
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} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
174,
181
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} |
expression of myosin heavy chain gene in the sea urchin : coregulation with muscle actin transcription in early development . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
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10
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} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
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102
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} |
these findings indicate that the contents of erythrocytes play an important role in the impairment of host defense caused by the phagocytosis of erythrocytes by kupffer cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0520990",
"name": "host defense",
"pos": [
102,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0031308",
"name": "phagocytosis",
"pos": [
129,
141
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} |
finally , our transcriptional studies of mutants deleted of the a block sequence and all of the upstream sequence indicated that an intimate interaction between the two blocks is essential for initiation of transcription . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "initiation",
"pos": [
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} |
light and electron microscopic studies show that the transplants undergo histogenetic differentiation , resulting in the development of neurons and muller glial cells and formation of nuclear and plexiform layers . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenetic",
"pos": [
73,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
86,
101
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} |
the molecular mechanisms underlying the primitive translational apparatus have been studied in light of present day protein biosynthesis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
50,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0597295",
"name": "protein biosynthesis",
"pos": [
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} |
by contrast , cycloheximide did not induce endo a gene expression in 3t6 cells , and reduced the transcriptional activity of this gene in tdm1 cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
50,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
97,
112
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} |
in this paper we show that low levels of heterologous rna are not due to instability of mrna but result from inefficient transcription due to a defect in rna synthesis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
121,
134
]
} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
154,
167
]
} |
the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression was located at the level of transcription . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
78,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
122,
135
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} |
ish was shown to be a more reliable tool to characterize the expression of a specific gene than conventional immunocytochemical procedures , because ish demonstrates the actual amount of specific mrna , whereas immunocytochemistry reflects the actual amount of immunoreactive peptide and is , therefore , dependent on peptide secretion , intracellular peptide degradation , peptide transport , and post-translational peptide processing . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
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} |
the absence of behavioural ( peripheral ) and presence of electrographic ( central ) manifestations allow to assume that for the formation of the conditioned reflex of full value the involvement is necessary of additional activational ( motivational ) mechanisms , connected with reticular and ( or ) limbic subcortical structures which do not react to the conditioned stimulus at time deficit in conditions of microdelay . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioural",
"pos": [
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26
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} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivational",
"pos": [
237,
249
]
} |
the regulatory elements involved in expression of the gene ( fdhf ) for the selenopolypeptide of formate dehydrogenase and of a gene ( or transcriptional unit ) ( hyd ) specifically responsible for the formation of the gas-evolving hydrogenase ( hydrogenase 3 ) in escherichia coli were investigated . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
36,
46
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} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
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153
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} |
whether the detection of a well-characterized , cell-type-specific marker in a tumor reflects histogenesis or solely differentiation potential is discussed in several examples . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
94,
106
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} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
117,
132
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} |
the significance of this result with respect to cellular mechanisms underlying the relationship between stress , cognition , and learning is discussed . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
113,
122
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} | {
"id": "C0023185",
"name": "learning",
"pos": [
129,
137
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} |
we report here that the level at which the change in gene expression occurs during this spontaneous immortalization process is post-transcriptional , reflecting a change in either rna processing or transcript stability . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
53,
68
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} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
132,
147
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} |
downregulation of c-myc rna is not a prerequisite for reduced cell proliferation , but is associated with g1 arrest in b-lymphoid cell lines . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
62,
66
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} | {
"id": "C1517342",
"name": "g1 arrest",
"pos": [
106,
115
]
} |
a number of translational components were used to determine if they would stimulate protein synthesis in these lysates . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
12,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0597295",
"name": "protein synthesis",
"pos": [
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101
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} |
a newly developed computer model is used to predict the aqueous salt solution concentration , breathing pattern , and inhaled droplet size distribution parameters that will maximize pulmonary deposition of hygroscopic medicinal aerosols . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
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103
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} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inhaled",
"pos": [
118,
125
]
} |
to assess the role of ige in protective immunity , we examined the effect of suppressing the ige antibody response on rat immunity to schistosoma mansoni . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
40,
48
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} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "response",
"pos": [
106,
114
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} |
a strain of genotype gal3 gal1 gal7 is noninducible for mel1 gene expression , but this expression block is bypassed by overexpression of the gal4 gene or by deletion of the gal80 gene , either of which causes a constitutive phenotype . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene",
"pos": [
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65
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} | {
"id": "C1514559",
"name": "overexpression",
"pos": [
120,
134
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} |
our results showed small but significant reduction in both rate and volume of respiration when the concentration of co2 gas mixture inhaled through the upper airway exceeded 5 % . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
78,
89
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} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inhaled",
"pos": [
132,
139
]
} |
the overall field trial accuracy of the enzyme immunoassay in diagnosing the cow 's reproductive status for a single sample on d 21 after breeding was 71 % for correct diagnosis of pregnancy and 81 % for correct diagnosis of nonpregnancy . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
84,
96
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
228,
237
]
} |
kolb 's learning style inventory and environmental press questionnaire were used to study 68 third-year baccalaureate nursing students ' learning styles and perceptions of environmental press differences in medical-surgical and psychiatric nursing settings from the experiential learning theory perspective . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0023185",
"name": "learning",
"pos": [
8,
16
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} | {
"id": "C0030971",
"name": "perceptions",
"pos": [
157,
168
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} |
using response to four different bcdf preparations as a model of b cell maturation , we have shown that induction of b cell proliferation abrogates terminal maturation of these cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1511002",
"name": "b cell",
"pos": [
65,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C1155008",
"name": "b cell proliferation",
"pos": [
117,
137
]
} |
faster cell division rate and multipolar mitosis were demonstrated by time-lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
"pos": [
7,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
41,
48
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} |
the presence of nuclear precursors in steady-state rna samples derived from cultured bovine adrenocortical cells and moderate increases in the number of rna chain initiations , as determined by in vitro nuclear run-off assays , indicate that acth controls the expression of the gene ( s ) for each of these proteins at the transcriptional level . | process_includes_biological_process | {
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"name": "expression",
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260,
270
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} | {
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"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
323,
338
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} |
the expression of the gcn4 gene in yeast is regulated at the translational level : growth of yeast cells under amino acid starvation conditions results in an increase in the translational efficiency of gcn4 mrna . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
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14
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} | {
"id": "C1519614",
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174,
187
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} |
the expression of the gcn4 gene in yeast is regulated at the translational level : growth of yeast cells under amino acid starvation conditions results in an increase in the translational efficiency of gcn4 mrna . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
61,
74
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} | {
"id": "C0597295",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
174,
187
]
} |
increasing attention is particularly being paid in recent years to nutritional immunity which does not only stimulate the immunological response but also affords protection prior to the appearance of the immune response . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
79,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
204,
219
]
} |
long term administration of pindolol has a less adverse effect on respiratory function than propranolol , which results in a progressive deterioration in respiratory function over one year . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiratory function",
"pos": [
66,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "in respiratory function",
"pos": [
151,
174
]
} |
of 523 rrus 295 ( 56 % ) were inspiratory ( i ) , 130 ( 25 % ) expiratory ( e ) and 98 ( 19 % ) phase-spanning ( ps ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "rrus",
"pos": [
7,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
30,
41
]
} |
of 523 rrus 295 ( 56 % ) were inspiratory ( i ) , 130 ( 25 % ) expiratory ( e ) and 98 ( 19 % ) phase-spanning ( ps ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "rrus",
"pos": [
7,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0231800",
"name": "expiratory",
"pos": [
63,
73
]
} |
a factor analysis was conducted and revealed seven categories of motivational factors , similar to those found by gill et al . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "conducted",
"pos": [
22,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivational",
"pos": [
65,
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} |
these findings led us to propose a two stage model of tumorigenesis : the first stage involves neoplastic transformation of a cell while the second stage involves activation of a gene coding for a p15e-like protein which allows the transformed cell to escape immune surveillance and go on to become a tumor . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "neoplastic transformation",
"pos": [
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120
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} | {
"id": "C1510411",
"name": "transformed",
"pos": [
232,
243
]
} |
since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( aids ) is characterized by opportunistic infections and malignancies indicative of a profound suppression in cell-mediated immunity , we investigated the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ( adcc ) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with aids against chicken red blood cells ( crbc ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cell-mediated immunity",
"pos": [
156,
178
]
} | {
"id": "C0003272",
"name": "antibody-dependent cell-mediated",
"pos": [
201,
233
]
} |
although controversial , the diagnosis of luteal phase inadequacy and its therapy may improve reproductive outcome , but an endometrial biopsy in the cycle of conception ( coc ) might theoretically interrupt an intrauterine pregnancy . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
94,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C0009637",
"name": "conception",
"pos": [
159,
169
]
} |
consequently the appearance of the faster migrating form of enzyme is assumed to result from expression of the corresponding gene , transcription , and translation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
93,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
132,
145
]
} |
effect of oxytocin , prostaglandin f2 alpha and reproductive tract manipulations on uterine contractility in holstein cows on days 0 and 7 of the estrous cycle . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
48,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0025329",
"name": "estrous cycle",
"pos": [
146,
159
]
} |
the mechanism of the translational effect was evaluated by measuring the functional capacity of uterine trna isolated from control , e2 ( 1 h ) - and e2 ( 14 h ) -treated ovariectomized rats to support amino acid acceptor activity and uterine protein synthesis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
21,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0597295",
"name": "protein synthesis",
"pos": [
243,
260
]
} |
these results suggest that sv40 t antigen leads macrophages to express fibronectin and actin cables , as well as resumption of cell proliferation , and that entry into s phase is not required for fibronectin expression but may be required for actin cable formation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
127,
145
]
} | {
"id": "C0080129",
"name": "s phase",
"pos": [
168,
175
]
} |
cells carrying the cdc-3 mutation are defective in cell separation but show no definite termination point since other processes of the cell cycle , such as bud initiation and nuclear division , continue despite the block in cell separation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1155839",
"name": "processes",
"pos": [
118,
127
]
} | {
"id": "C1155789",
"name": "nuclear division",
"pos": [
175,
191
]
} |
in contrast to a prior study of pertussis immunity , maternally acquired antibody did not significantly affect immune responses to diphtheria or tetanus toxoid by 9 months of age . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
42,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune responses",
"pos": [
111,
127
]
} |
tubulin acts as a positive transcription factor for in vitro rna synthesis by two different negative-strand viruses : sendai virus , a paramyxovirus ; | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
27,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
61,
74
]
} |
increased n-myc ( now designated nmyc in human gene nomenclature ) gene expression has been detected at the transcriptional level in certain types of neoplasms . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
67,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
108,
123
]
} |
however , because of the generally similar effects of these drugs on appetitively- and aversively-motivated behaviour , these effects are probably best interpreted as actions on motor , rather than motivational , mechanisms . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviour",
"pos": [
108,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivational",
"pos": [
198,
210
]
} |
the harvest was performed according to established procedures , and second-division cells were scored for induction of sister chromatid exchanges ( sces ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "division cells",
"pos": [
75,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0037211",
"name": "sister chromatid exchanges",
"pos": [
119,
145
]
} |
where this can not be accomplished and a unique reproductive hazard exists to women during pregnancy , temporary positions should be found that remove the pregnant woman from the hazard while allowing her to continue work . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
48,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
91,
100
]
} |
energy expenditure ( ee ) increased via exaggerated cost of muscular effort which induced high glycolytic-lipogenetic reactions indicative of futile biochemical cycles leading to waste of energy . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy expenditure",
"pos": [
0,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolytic",
"pos": [
95,
105
]
} |
control of gene expression at the transcriptional stage has been studied using this unfractionated system . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
11,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
34,
49
]
} |
reconstituted systems have proved useful in studies on transcriptional , e.g. , discovery and role of l factor , as well as translational regulation of gene expression , e.g. , autogenous control of ribosomal protein synthesis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
124,
137
]
} | {
"id": "C0597295",
"name": "ribosomal protein synthesis",
"pos": [
199,
226
]
} |
although intestinal metaplasia is a predisposing factor in gastric carcinoma it may be irrelevant to its histogenesis and differentiation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
105,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
122,
137
]
} |
in order to determine the effects of reproductive amino acids on dmba primed mammary gland tissue , female adult virgin long evans rats ( 12 animals/group ) were intraperitoneally injected daily with 1 mg dmba in 0.2 ml sesame oil on days 8 through 12 of pregnancy . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
37,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
255,
264
]
} |
future studies with cultured trophoblasts should be useful in providing answers to many questions concerning placental lipid metabolism and the role of the placenta in transporting lipid to the fetus . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0598783",
"name": "lipid metabolism",
"pos": [
119,
135
]
} | {
"id": "C0596846",
"name": "transporting lipid",
"pos": [
168,
186
]
} |
in this paper , i discuss how the specific developmental function of adolescence can result in behaviour and thought which resemble the adult psychoses but which , in most circumstances , are fundamentally different from the adult psychoses . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviour",
"pos": [
95,
104
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
109,
116
]
} |
analysis of these results indicated that the inheritance of immunity in these mice to challenge infection with n. dubius was quantitative , partially dominant for high immune response , and additive , in nature . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
60,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
168,
183
]
} |
we conclude that in dogs breathing quietly the length of the rib cage muscles during the expiratory pause is not passively determined as conventionally thought . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
25,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0231800",
"name": "expiratory",
"pos": [
89,
99
]
} |
during resting o2 breathing the pattern of diaphragm and intercostal muscle inspiratory shortening paralleled the gradually incrementing pattern of their moving average emgs . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
18,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
76,
87
]
} |
we propose that two elements implicated in b. subtilis trp operon regulation are conserved in the related organism b. pumilus : alternative transcription antiterminator and terminator structures in the leader transcript , and a trans-acting factor present in limiting amounts that is required for transcription termination in the leader region . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
140,
153
]
} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "transcription termination",
"pos": [
297,
322
]
} |
approximately 90 % of the engaged rna polymerase ii molecules terminate transcription within a region of about 500 base pairs immediately downstream of the polyadenylation site . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
72,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0949765",
"name": "polyadenylation",
"pos": [
156,
171
]
} |
we conclude that diversification of preproglucagon gene expression occurs at the level of cell-specific post-translational processing . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
51,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
109,
122
]
} |
the transcriptional starts of the gene and a polyadenylation site of the message have also been mapped . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
4,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0949765",
"name": "polyadenylation",
"pos": [
45,
60
]
} |
interestingly , the mechanism involved in cellular immunity against bacteria seems to be of an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity ( adcc ) type , with iga acting as the humoral arm and cd4+ t lymphocytes as the cellular one . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cellular immunity",
"pos": [
42,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0003272",
"name": "antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity",
"pos": [
95,
135
]
} |
22 healthy individuals with different reactions in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus ( hsv ) , as found in complement-fixation , neutralization , and blasttransformation assays have been further investigated using antibody-dependent cell-mediated immunity ( adcc ) as a serological test . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cell-mediated immunity",
"pos": [
63,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0003272",
"name": "adcc",
"pos": [
283,
287
]
} |
further evidence suggests that behavioral effects of anxiolytics thought to be mediated by decreases in anxiety are not caused by the ability of these drugs to reduce serotonin transmission . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
31,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
65,
72
]
} |
sodium metavanadate was tested for its effects on fetal development , reproduction , gestation and lactation in sprague dawley rats . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproduction",
"pos": [
70,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "gestation",
"pos": [
85,
94
]
} |
regulation of the rad6 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae in the mitotic cell cycle and in meiosis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1155839",
"name": "mitotic cell",
"pos": [
63,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0025186",
"name": "meiosis",
"pos": [
89,
96
]
} |
cellular replication kinetics and persistence of sister chromatid exchange-inducing lesions in normal and lymphoma akr cells following exposure to 1,3-bis ( 2-chloroethyl ) -1-nitrosourea . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cellular replication",
"pos": [
0,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0037211",
"name": "sister chromatid",
"pos": [
49,
65
]
} |
it is suggested that gene amplification is the mechanism universal for all classes of organisms and necessary for : 1 ) rendering the needed overhigh level of gene expression provided that the efficiency of the given gene transcription reaches in maximum ( adaptive amplification ) , 2 ) preferential genome replication in case the efficiency of replication initiation reaches its maximum ( competitive amplification ) , 3 ) rendering the essential stable dna-protein interaction , if this interaction is damaged by dna deletion ( compensatory amplification ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
159,
174
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "gene transcription",
"pos": [
217,
235
]
} |
for example , differentiation of the b lymphocyte from a mu-chain producer to an epsilon-chain producer is mediated by the switch recombination between the s mu and s epsilon regions . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1511002",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
14,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C1512667",
"name": "switch",
"pos": [
123,
129
]
} |
estradiol levels during the reproductive cycle and pregnancy are also higher than those of cynomolgus monkeys . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
28,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
51,
60
]
} |
the giant command neurons for tailflip escape behavior in crayfish have been thought to excite the nongiant fast flexor ( tailflip producing ) motor neurons ( ffs ) via monosynaptic connections . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
46,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
77,
84
]
} |
a study of gene s expression in the transformed mouse l cells allowed us to localize the regions of initiation and termination of gene s transcription . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene",
"pos": [
11,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "termination",
"pos": [
115,
126
]
} |
adaptations of energy metabolism , as they occur during contractions of skeletal muscle besides by anaerobic glycolysis are achieved via changes in capillary blood flow providing substrates and oxygen for combustion . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
15,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "anaerobic glycolysis",
"pos": [
99,
119
]
} |
we have studied the dependent of sister-chromatid exchange ( sce ) production on the presence of oxygen during incubation of cells in 5-bromodeoxyuridine ( brdurd ) by analyzing the sce yields in second-division chromosomes of allium cepa l. meristem cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
16,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0037211",
"name": "sce",
"pos": [
182,
185
]
} |
our results support the model in which a particular rna structure , the terminator , is recognized during transcription as a transcription termination signal , and an alternative rna structure , the anti-terminator , prevents formation of the terminator . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
106,
119
]
} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "transcription termination",
"pos": [
125,
150
]
} |
no significant difference in performance between the vasopressin and placebo-treated groups was found in tests designed to evaluate learning , memory , and perception . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0023185",
"name": "learning",
"pos": [
132,
140
]
} | {
"id": "C0030971",
"name": "perception",
"pos": [
156,
166
]
} |
[ histogenesis of the conduction system of the human embryonic and fetal heart . differentiation of the atrioventricular bundle ] . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
2,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
81,
96
]
} |
[ cell division and changes of the duration of mitosis in murine ehrlich ascites carcinoma after a single administration of chalone-containing extract from this tumor ] . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
"pos": [
2,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
47,
54
]
} |
the existence of the three phases in the changes occurring in cell division after a single exposure to the chalone-containing preparation , including the phase of relative synchronization of cell reproduction has been confirmed by studying the time course of k mitoses . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
"pos": [
62,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitoses",
"pos": [
261,
268
]
} |
the results indicate that the direct thermal inactivation of either respiration or glycolysis is not an obligatory rate-limiting event in hyperthermic cell killing and that thermotolerance and heat shock proteins are not triggered exclusively as a consequence of damages induced directly by heat in energy metabolism nor do they result specifically in an increased thermostability of respiration or glycolysis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
299,
316
]
} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolysis",
"pos": [
399,
409
]
} |
patients with aids have recurrent infections and/or malignancy and altered immune response , including decreased t lymphocyte counts , decreased t helper lymphocytes , defective t cell blastogenesis , hypergammaglobulinemia , defective natural killer ( nk ) activity and impaired response of nk to interferon-beta ( ifn-beta ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
75,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0024262",
"name": "blastogenesis",
"pos": [
185,
198
]
} |
thus , the energy metabolism dependency is somewhat different from that of peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes , the phagocytic capacities of which are mainly dependent on glycolysis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
11,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolysis",
"pos": [
192,
202
]
} |
we conclude that contractile activity in skeletal muscle produces reciprocal changes in the expression of these two genes at a transcriptional level but via different regulatory mechanisms . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
92,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
127,
142
]
} |
enhancement of the expression of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene appears to be proportional to the increase in its copy number and may not , therefore , depend upon changes in transcriptional or translational efficiency . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
19,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
180,
195
]
} |
enhancement of the expression of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene appears to be proportional to the increase in its copy number and may not , therefore , depend upon changes in transcriptional or translational efficiency . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
19,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
199,
212
]
} |
these data demonstrate that several lymphokines ( bmf ) exist that mediate the maturation of b cells to active ig secretion without stimulating b cell proliferation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1511002",
"name": "maturation",
"pos": [
79,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C1155008",
"name": "b cell",
"pos": [
144,
150
]
} |
after 10 days , a significant reduction of analgesic and behavioral effects was noted and was thought to be due to a complete fibrotic sheath surrounding the epidural catheter . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
57,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
94,
101
]
} |
the principal established locus of biochemical action of lonidamine is a selective inhibitory effect of the energy metabolism either in nad-linked reactions in germ cell mitochondria , as well as the glycolytic metabolism of a variety of tumor cell lines by means of inhibition of mitochondrially bound hexokinase . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
108,
125
]
} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolytic",
"pos": [
200,
210
]
} |
these data indicate that dexamethasone controls negatively the expression of the beta-ngf gene in l-929 cells at some pre-translational level . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
63,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
122,
135
]
} |
in women of reproductive age the uterine granulocytes , although present throughout the menstrual cycle , were most numerous in the endocervix and lower uterine segment . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
12,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0025329",
"name": "menstrual cycle",
"pos": [
88,
103
]
} |
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