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the efficiency of specific gene transcription from methylated dna was dependent on topology of the input dna , the most significant effect being complete inhibition of transcription from one template which contained three methylation sites , one just 5 ' and two greater than 500 bases 3 ' to the site of transcription initiation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
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} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
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} |
the far upstream region of herpes simplex virus ( hsv ) immediate early ( ie ) gene 3 has previously been shown to increase gene expression in an enhancer-like manner , and to contain sequences which respond to stimulation of transcription by a virion polypeptide , vmw65 . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
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} |
the data indicate that the qualitative pattern of gene expression is identical in young and old flies , but that profound quantitative changes occur in the expression of proteins during the drosophila life-span . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
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65
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} | {
"id": "C1171362",
"name": "expression",
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} |
to examine whether an abnormal zinc status contributes significantly to the impaired in vivo cell-mediated immunity of the genetically diabetic c57bl/ksj db/db mouse , we measured specific cytotoxicity of spleen cells from db/db and heterozygous ( db/m ) and homozygous ( m/m ) control mice fed either zinc-deficient ( 2 mg/kg ) or zinc-adequate ( 20 mg/kg ) semipurified diets . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cell-mediated immunity",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C0301896",
"name": "cytotoxicity",
"pos": [
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} |
the expression of the heat shock gene was investigated by northern blot analysis of rna and s1 nuclease mapping of the transcriptional start site . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
4,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
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} |
not only are the ecological and behavior analytic approaches to behavior complementary , but each may provide insights into the operation of controlling variables in situations usually thought of as being the other 's domain . | process_includes_biological_process | {
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} | {
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"name": "thought",
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} |
thus , the expression of lhcp-gene activity , in response to kinetin addition to tobacco cell suspension cultures , is regulated by the level of plhcp-encoding mrna rather than by translational or post-translational controls . | process_includes_biological_process | {
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"name": "expression",
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21
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} | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
202,
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} |
in this article tim manser and his colleagues discuss ways in which this diversity is used in the establishment of immunity , and seek to explain how genetically identical individuals generate widely diverse immune responses to the same antigen and some antigens reproducibly elicit similar immune responses ( recurrent idiotypes ) in all individuals . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
115,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune responses",
"pos": [
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} |
an evaluation of the immunity induced by the ribosome-associated rna established that the immune response was ( i ) comparable to that induced 15 days postimmunization with live salmonellae and by ribosomal vaccines , but greater at 30 days postimmunization than that in mice immunized with attenuated salmonellae ; | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
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} |
to ascertain the effects of selective impairment of the fixed macrophage compartment on host defense , rabbit anti-rat kupffer cell serum was raised and tested for its ability to depress phagocytosis and to serve as an immunosuppressant . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0520990",
"name": "host defense",
"pos": [
88,
100
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} | {
"id": "C0031308",
"name": "phagocytosis",
"pos": [
187,
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} |
moreover , paf treatment can activate gene expression through an ap-1 element , and we propose that genomic trans-activation may occur in target genes containing a functional ap-1 transcription sequence . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
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53
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} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
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193
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} |
the resulting redundant and transient wiring is thinned out in a following maturation period , in a manner resembling the sequence of events in embryonic development . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "maturation",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C0013936",
"name": "embryonic",
"pos": [
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} |
thus , specific regulation of the nuclear factor which plays a critical role in both heavy and light chain immunoglobulin gene expression may contribute to the transcriptional suppression observed in anti-mu treated b cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene",
"pos": [
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126
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
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} |
elimination of myocardial insufficiency was accompanied by an increase in the stroke volume , ejection fraction , the rate of circulatory shortening of myocardial fibers , left ventricular mass , and a decrease in end diastolic and systolic volumes . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0005775",
"name": "circulatory",
"pos": [
126,
137
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} | {
"id": "C0039155",
"name": "systolic",
"pos": [
232,
240
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} |
a psychopathological hypothesis of the aberrant behavior leading to this `` '' heavy thinking '' '' is put forth . | process_includes_biological_process | {
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"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
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56
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} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thinkin",
"pos": [
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} |
other behaviors which occurred more specifically in bulimic women dealt with a projection of repressed anger toward male authority figures . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviors",
"pos": [
6,
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} | {
"id": "C0035143",
"name": "repressed",
"pos": [
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} |
changes in gene expression , determined using solution hybridization and northern blot analyses to measure steady-state mrna levels and a nuclear run-off assay to measure gene transcription rates , were compared to chromium-dna binding and to chromium ( vi ) -induced dna damage as previously measured by dna alkaline elution . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
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26
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} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "gene transcription",
"pos": [
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} |
the changes in steady-state expression of these two inducible genes were similar to the changes in transcription rate , indicating that the effects of chromium were principally transcriptional . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
28,
38
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} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
177,
192
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} |
the measurements included respiratory function , clearance of inhaled radiolabeled particles , pulmonary immune responses to instilled antigen , biochemistry and cytology of airway fluid , total lung collagen , histopathology , lung morphometry , and lung burdens of diesel soot . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiratory function",
"pos": [
26,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inhaled",
"pos": [
62,
69
]
} |
the multidrug resistance ( mdr ) phenotype is presumed to be mostly dependent on changes in the resistant cell plasma membrane , notably the emergence of a 170 kda glycoprotein called p-glycoprotein , which facilitate increased drug efflux . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "multidrug resistance",
"pos": [
4,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C1512072",
"name": "drug efflux",
"pos": [
228,
239
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} |
the earliest acting regulatory gene so far identified in the mother-cell line of gene expression is spoiiid , whose product is required for the transcription of the composite gene ( sigk ) encoding the mother-cell rna polymerase sigma-factor sigma k and for the chromosomal rearrangement that gives rise to the composite gene . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
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]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
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} |
this mutation is polar on expression of the downstream genes ( ilveda ) because transcription terminates within the translationally barren region that results from the mutation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
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} | {
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} |
this confirms that the nifhdk genes are organized as a single transcription unit and suggests regulation at the level of termination of transcription . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
62,
75
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} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "termination",
"pos": [
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132
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} |
these data suggest that direct dna lesions rather than [ ( nh3 ) 5ru ( iii ) ] 3+ effects on other aspects of the transcription system are responsible for the diminished rna synthesis levels . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
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} |
in order to understand the regulatory events responsible for the selective increase in mics mrna we have looked for transcriptional alterations of vdjc mu gene segments as well as changes in the relative stability of microm and micros mrna in bcl1 lymphoma cells which can be stimulated to increase the expression of micros mrna . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
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131
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} | {
"id": "C1515670",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
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} |
when a bidirectionally breathing snake was presented with co2 at the tracheal tube , inspiratory duration and volume decreased . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
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96
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} |
minute ventilation ( ve ) , tidal volume ( vt ) , breathing frequency ( f ) , end-tidal co2 ( petco2 ) and o2 ( peto2 ) tensions , and inspiratory ( ti ) and expiratory ( te ) times were not found to differ significantly between the low and high pedal frequency trials for either the cyclists or the runners . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
50,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
135,
146
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} |
minute ventilation ( ve ) , tidal volume ( vt ) , breathing frequency ( f ) , end-tidal co2 ( petco2 ) and o2 ( peto2 ) tensions , and inspiratory ( ti ) and expiratory ( te ) times were not found to differ significantly between the low and high pedal frequency trials for either the cyclists or the runners . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
50,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0231800",
"name": "expiratory",
"pos": [
158,
168
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} |
the functional activity of the neurons directly depends on the energy metabolism of the cell , and as the hypoxic effect grows there takes place an interreplaceability of metabolic flows supplying the respiratory chain with energy substrates and reducing equivalents participating in the compensatory maintenance of the energy status of the cell ( glycolysis , nad-dependent oxidation and succinate oxidation in the terminal phase ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
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} | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolysis",
"pos": [
348,
358
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} |
these reproductive choices may result , for some women , in conflict over the use of contraceptives , and the decision or timing of pregnancy . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
6,
18
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} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
132,
141
]
} |
respiration was controlled in 28 patients by means of a special tube with dosed resistance during inspiration . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiration",
"pos": [
98,
109
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} |
bestatin also has a direct inhibitory effect on the differentiation of b-cells independent of its suppressive effect on b-cell proliferation , which was not relieved by t-cell help . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1511002",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
52,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C1155008",
"name": "b-cell",
"pos": [
120,
126
]
} |
and d ) neoplastic transformation in blood or tissues by determining monoclonal gene rearrangements , karyotypic alterations or oncogene activation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "neoplastic",
"pos": [
8,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C1518575",
"name": "oncogene activation",
"pos": [
128,
147
]
} |
the control of the atp genes ' expression rates has been shown to be exercised primarily at the level of translational initiation , but how is this achieved in molecular terms ? | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "genes",
"pos": [
23,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C1519613",
"name": "translational initiation",
"pos": [
105,
129
]
} |
its histogenesis from mesenchymal immature elements and its tendency toward fibrohistiocytic differentiation is generally accepted . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
93,
108
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} |
oncogenesis is considered as the stable regression of a transformed cell into a `` '' para-embryonal '' '' gene-phenotypical condition , and it is usually presented as a three-phased process : mutational events on nuclear protooncogenes-myc in particular-would determine `` '' initiation '' '' ; | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "oncogenesis",
"pos": [
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11
]
} | {
"id": "C1510411",
"name": "transformed",
"pos": [
56,
67
]
} |
these results suggest that host defence mechanisms in the form of phagocytosis as well as biochemical inhibitors and/or lack of suitable stimulators are important in preventing germination of introduced fungal spores . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0520990",
"name": "host defence",
"pos": [
27,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0031308",
"name": "phagocytosis",
"pos": [
66,
78
]
} |
in recent years , technical advances have made preimplantational ectogenesis ( in vitro maturation , fertilization and early embryonic development ) more than a theoretical concept . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "maturation",
"pos": [
88,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0013936",
"name": "embryonic development",
"pos": [
125,
146
]
} |
the presence of a tumour-associated immune response in 37 patients with ovarian cancer as assessed by blastogenesis ( lymphocyte transformation ) evoked by ovarian cancer cell extracts , has been correlated with survival following the test . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
36,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0024262",
"name": "lymphocyte transformation",
"pos": [
118,
143
]
} |
the topics being covered were epidemiologic data evaluation , data handling , card registration , computer analysis , geographic factors , socio-economic conditions , personal attributes , genetic backgrounds , twin analysis and laboratory procedures for host defense factors including humoral and cellular immunity . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0520990",
"name": "host defense",
"pos": [
255,
267
]
} | {
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cellular immunity",
"pos": [
298,
315
]
} |
the findings are related to a suggestion that lithium effects on behaviour may be more subtle than hitherto thought . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviour",
"pos": [
65,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
108,
115
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} |
although the marked separation of human and mouse chromosomes progressively disappeared with succeeding cell division , the occurrence of sectored nuclei in 16-cell hybrid colonies and the labeling pattern of human chromosomes within separated metaphases indicate that separation of human and mouse chromosomes may persist through several mitoses . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
"pos": [
104,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitoses",
"pos": [
339,
346
]
} |
experiments utilized transcriptase mutants of complementation group i ( ts114 and ts13 ) , a group iv mutant ( ts44 ) that is restricted in total rna synthesis ( rna-1 ) but not in primary transcription , and a group ii mutant ( ts52 ) variably restricted in rna synthesis ( rna +/- ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
189,
202
]
} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
259,
272
]
} |
fetal respiration : quantitative measurements of amnionic fluid inspired near term by human and rhesus fetuses . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
6,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspired",
"pos": [
64,
72
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} |
the scoring of the responses as positive was made on verbal affirmative and other specific behaviours which were thought to indicate emotional impact . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviours",
"pos": [
91,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
113,
120
]
} |
mechlorethamine causes a dose-dependent depression in the synthesis of large hn rna transcripts in the nucleus and in the amount of large polysomal mrna in the cytoplasm without apparent disturbance of polyadenylation and transport . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "synthesis",
"pos": [
58,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0949765",
"name": "polyadenylation",
"pos": [
202,
217
]
} |
bcnu inhibits both rna synthesis and polyadenylation but without disturbance of the size distribution of the polynucleotide chains . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
19,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0949765",
"name": "polyadenylation",
"pos": [
37,
52
]
} |
the subunit composition of escherichia coli rna polymerase during the transcription in vitro of bacteriophage t7dna was analysed at several steps of rna synthesis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
70,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
149,
162
]
} |
from these results we conclude that the expression of the phoa gene is not always co-regulated with expression of the phos gene product . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
40,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C1171362",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
100,
110
]
} |
expression of endogenous retrovirus genes and two different cellular oncogenes ( c-onc genes ) was examined at the transcriptional level in a variety of normal and lymphoma/leukemia tissues of the domestic cat . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
115,
130
]
} |
the growth and reproductive performance of rabbits reared on diet 18 and transferred to diet r14 ( low protein/energy ratio ) for ( a ) 3-4 weeks prior to mating or ( b ) 4 weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy were examined . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
15,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
210,
219
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} |
by 1974 , three-quarters of currently married women 20-42 years of age had ever used the pill , and by 1981 , more than 700,000 men and women of reproductive age had had voluntary sterilizations , so that approximately 20 percent of all dutch couples of reproductive age were protected from pregnancy by sterilization . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
145,
157
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
291,
300
]
} |
in vitro humoral responses or cell-mediated immunologic assays using lymphoid cells from normal or tumor-bearing hosts failed to demonstrate antibody-mediated or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ( adcc ) , t-cell or nk-cell responses against raw117 cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cell-mediated immunologic",
"pos": [
30,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0003272",
"name": "antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity",
"pos": [
162,
207
]
} |
thus , a barrier to heterologous ( e. coli ) gene expression in b. subtilis may reside at the transcriptional level . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
45,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
94,
109
]
} |
behavior during interfood intervals may more accurately be classified as reflecting a single ( food ) motivational state and described simply in terms of craig 's ( 1918 ) appetitive behavior . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivational",
"pos": [
102,
114
]
} |
from our research there is significant evidence that iodine maintains homeostasis in reproductive , effected tissues and is responsible for breast tissue growth and development . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
85,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "development",
"pos": [
165,
176
]
} |
rat retinal neurons formed transient synapses with rat muscle cells in culture only during a discrete period in development , from the 20th day of embryonic development to the 7th neonatal day . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "development",
"pos": [
112,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0013936",
"name": "embryonic",
"pos": [
147,
156
]
} |
because the time course of cellular maturation differs for each tissue or cell population , dfmo administered during any one brief period can produce organ-specific developmental deficits . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "maturation",
"pos": [
36,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0242290",
"name": "organ",
"pos": [
150,
155
]
} |
changes in male and female reproductive status were assessed during four designated phases : breeding , pregnancy , lactation and fatting . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
27,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
104,
113
]
} |
the clinical behavior of this neoplasm , as reported , is distinctively less aggressive and therefore thought to have a better prognosis than chondrosarcoma of bone . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
13,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
102,
109
]
} |
a study of cell proliferation in different regions of axolotl embryos has shown a rather uniform distribution of the s phase and mitotic indices in the animal half of the early and midgastrulae . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
11,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0080129",
"name": "s phase",
"pos": [
117,
124
]
} |
analysis of reproductive performance for four species of callitrichids maintained in our laboratory shows conception rates to vary from 3.14 for s. weddelli to 1.01 for s. fuscicollis lagonotus . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
12,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0009637",
"name": "conception",
"pos": [
106,
116
]
} |
there was an increase of the epithelioid and fibroblast-like cells of the s-period of the mitotic cycle 24 hours after the trh treatment . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1155839",
"name": "cells",
"pos": [
61,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C0080129",
"name": "s-period",
"pos": [
74,
82
]
} |
the results indicate that inaccurate observation of heat is a major limiting factor in the reproductive performance of this herd and that heat detectors could be a valuable tool for improvement of oestrus detection and consequent reduction of the interval from calving to conception . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
91,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0009637",
"name": "conception",
"pos": [
272,
282
]
} |
ratings taken of spontaneous patient behaviour during testing indicated that behaviour which on a priori grounds was thought to preclude optimum attention to eye tracking was related to greater impairment of schizophrenic performance . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviour",
"pos": [
37,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
117,
124
]
} |
however , an apparent g1 phase was observed at the end of exponential growth when the culture arrested with the g1 dna content for about a day between growth and differentiation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0079395",
"name": "g1 phase",
"pos": [
22,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C1517342",
"name": "arrested",
"pos": [
94,
102
]
} |
all subjects had a clear history and physical findings of asthma as well as significant improvement in respiratory function after inhalation of salbutamol . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiratory function",
"pos": [
103,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inhalation",
"pos": [
130,
140
]
} |
studies are needed to further define the role of nk cells in host defense , immunoregulation , and immunopathology during chlamydial infection . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0520990",
"name": "host defense",
"pos": [
61,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C0678889",
"name": "immunoregulation",
"pos": [
76,
92
]
} |
these results support the hypothesis that evolutionary changes in chorion morphology have resulted from regulatory changes in the expression of chorion genes , either at the level of transcription or mrna decay . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
130,
140
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
183,
196
]
} |
we conclude that , although the cell division inhibitors seem to reduce all gene transcription , they have no preferential effect on the response to induction , and therefore that this process does not require cytoplasmic or nuclear division . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
"pos": [
32,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C1155789",
"name": "nuclear division",
"pos": [
225,
241
]
} |
the proposal that specific carcinogens are neither necessary nor sufficient for tumourigenesis is consistent with the growing realization that aberrant expression of specific oncogenes is neither necessary nor sufficient for cellular transformation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "tumourigenesis",
"pos": [
80,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C1510411",
"name": "cellular transformation",
"pos": [
225,
248
]
} |
as cells ceased to grow and entered cell division , a ring of actin was seen to anticipate the deposition of the septum at cytokinesis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
"pos": [
36,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0010813",
"name": "cytokinesis",
"pos": [
123,
134
]
} |
reproductive performance was assessed in terms of the number of resorbed and aborted embryos and weight and size of the live fetuses on the 36th day of gestation . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "gestation",
"pos": [
152,
161
]
} |
this plus the analysis of another pu which terminates transcription suggest that pecularities in the sequence or in the sequence environment of pu determine their role in transcription termination . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
54,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
171,
184
]
} |
the presence and intensity of the sound was not related to rhythm ( normal sinus rhythm vs atrial flutter ) , heart rate , respiration , position , or inhalation of amyl nitrite . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
123,
134
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inhalation",
"pos": [
151,
161
]
} |
when in vitro protein synthesis was performed in two steps , uncoupling translation from transcription , rega protein had an inhibitory effect regardless of whether it was added at the initiation of transcription or only at the translation step . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
89,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "initiation",
"pos": [
185,
195
]
} |
the purpose of this study was to measure the capacity of human subjects to match facial expressions of emotions and behavioral categories that represented the motivational states they are supposed to illustrate . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
116,
126
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivational",
"pos": [
159,
171
]
} |
a broad range of rem sleep behaviors was recorded on videotape , including stereotypical hand motions , reaching and searching gestures , punches , kicks , and verified dream movements . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviors",
"pos": [
27,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0013117",
"name": "dream",
"pos": [
169,
174
]
} |
the level of cdc2 transcript does not change during a shift between cell proliferation and stationary phase or during the mitotic cell cycle . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
68,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C1155839",
"name": "mitotic cell cycle",
"pos": [
122,
140
]
} |
the mechanisms regulating the cell-specific expression of this gene must , therefore , be at either the level of rna transcription or that of mrna turnover . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
44,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
117,
130
]
} |
we have cloned full-length double-stranded cdnas of tobacco mosaic virus ( tmv ) ( tomato strain l ) rna into a transcription vector , ppm1 , which facilitates the correct transcription initiation from the first nucleotide of the inserted double-stranded cdna , corresponding to the 5 ' end of tmv rna . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
112,
125
]
} | {
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "transcription initiation",
"pos": [
172,
196
]
} |
therefore , our results indicate that the expression of chloroplast genes during plastid biogenesis takes place on at least two different levels : expression of the rbc l gene is regulated post-transcriptionally while expression of the psa a gene is regulated at the transcriptional level . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
42,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
267,
282
]
} |
to determine the extent of gametophytic gene expression and the type of transcription , haploid or haplo-diploid , of the genes , isozymes were used as genetic markers . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
40,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
72,
85
]
} |
to study whether mammalian rna processing signals function in plants , we have constructed a chimaeric gene in which the complete human growth hormone ( hgh ) gene is flanked by dna fragments containing the promoter and polyadenylation site of the nopaline synthase gene . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1158728",
"name": "rna processing",
"pos": [
27,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0949765",
"name": "polyadenylation",
"pos": [
220,
235
]
} |
a translational repressor ( hcr ) of reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesis was isolated from intact cells incubated with benzene , while no significant amount of hcr was found in cells incubated with both benzene and hemin . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
2,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0597295",
"name": "protein synthesis",
"pos": [
60,
77
]
} |
it is concluded that trans-synaptic factors regulate the maturation of adrenergic nerve terminals , and the development of end organ innervation by scg . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "maturation",
"pos": [
57,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0242290",
"name": "development",
"pos": [
108,
119
]
} |
the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the expression of the genes of vesicular stomatitis virus ( vsv ) was studied in a cell-free system which executed coupled transcription and translation of the viral genes . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
43,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
162,
175
]
} |
the local and systemic cell-mediated immune ( cmi ) responses to influenza virus infection in mice were examined by leukocyte migration inhibition and lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity tests . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cell-mediated immune",
"pos": [
23,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0301896",
"name": "lymphocyte",
"pos": [
151,
161
]
} |
it was concluded that , in both cases , peptichemio at this dose does not interfere with the immunity response of the host to any great extent , and is selectively active against neoplastic cells . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
93,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "response",
"pos": [
102,
110
]
} |
the two basis cmi assays utilized were lymphocyte cytotoxicity ( lc ) and skin testing ( st ) for delayed hypersensitivity . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cmi",
"pos": [
14,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0301896",
"name": "lymphocyte",
"pos": [
39,
49
]
} |
they show fundamentally that ( 1 ) the thymoleptic circulatory reaction as a sign of the influence of the vegetative functions makes possible in many cases a prognosis of the secondary effects of treatment and ( 2 ) a strong acceleration in the rate of pulse , and a rise in the systolic blood pressure at rest as well as the normalization of the orthostatic-test chiefly indicate an improvement or remission of depression . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0005775",
"name": "circulatory",
"pos": [
51,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0039155",
"name": "systolic",
"pos": [
279,
287
]
} |
two hundred and seventeen swallows during ongoing respiration interrupted either inspiratory or expiratory airflow with airway closure for approximately 1 s . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
50,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
81,
92
]
} |
a survey of women dental students enrolled in all american and canadian dental schools during the 1977-78 academic year was conducted to determine their backgrounds , current status , motivation regarding dentistry as a career , perception of the dental school environment , preferences in dental education , and future plans . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "conducted",
"pos": [
124,
133
]
} | {
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
184,
194
]
} |
therefore no consistent relationship has emerged between histogenesis , growth rate , differentiation and metastases of the studied neoplasms from one side and their ldh isozyme pattern -- on the other . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
57,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
86,
101
]
} |
the results are based on the morphological identification of both cell multiplication ( mitosis ) and cell deletion ( apoptosis ) . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell multiplication",
"pos": [
66,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
88,
95
]
} |
it is postulated that transcriptional pausing may play a role in maintaining the synchronization of transcription and translation that is vital in the control of transcription termination at the trp operon attenuator . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
22,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0597600",
"name": "transcription termination",
"pos": [
162,
187
]
} |
four traits ( sense of personal destiny , dependence , paranoia , philosophical interest ) were significantly elevated in the tle group , thus lending some support to the notion of changes in behavior and thought which occur in tle but not necessarily in other forms of epilepsy . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
192,
200
]
} | {
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
205,
212
]
} |
in long-term experiments such as the studies on tumor transmission to healthy mice by injection of sensitized ehrlich ascites cells , or on the survival of e. coli cells , in which dna repair is active , 4'-methylangelicin derivatives appeared to be several times more active than angelicin and 4,5'-dimethylangelicin , and sometimes also more active than psoralen , a well-known , effective and cross-linking furocoumarin . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007620",
"name": "survival",
"pos": [
144,
152
]
} | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
181,
191
]
} |
theoretical study of the effect of temperature on cell division & of the variation of nucleus & cytoplasmic mass preceding mitosis . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
"pos": [
50,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
123,
130
]
} |
the role of lipopolysaccharide in regulating the expression of the ompa outer membrane protein gene of escherichia coli k-12 was studied by isolating mutants defective in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide and by examining transcription of lacz in strains carrying operon fusions in which lacz is expressed from the ompa promoter . | process_includes_biological_process | {
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
49,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
227,
240
]
} |
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