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it is concluded that the immunohistochemical analysis of intermediate filament proteins has diagnostic potential in clinical pathology and may help to elucidate histogenesis and differentiation of tumors and possibly also prognosis of tumor growth .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0178679", "name": "histogenesis", "pos": [ 161, 173 ] }
{ "id": "C0007589", "name": "differentiation", "pos": [ 178, 193 ] }
by measuring 14c-labelled thymidine , uridine and leucine incorporation into murine cells of the ascitic form of ehrlich carcinoma ( eac ) it could be shown that compounds i and ii inhibit dna and rna synthesis , but do not affect the translation processes involved in protein synthesis .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C1519614", "name": "translation processes", "pos": [ 235, 256 ] }
{ "id": "C0597295", "name": "protein synthesis", "pos": [ 269, 286 ] }
since the auditory brain stem potentials are known to be elicitable near a subject 's behavioral threshold for the stimulus used , and since the various potentials are thought to originate from different points in the brain stem , they have proved useful in hearing evaluations of human beings for two purposes : a ) they are useful as a means of measuring hearing sensitivity from patients who can not or will not give accurate voluntary responses ;
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0004927", "name": "behavioral", "pos": [ 86, 96 ] }
{ "id": "C0039869", "name": "thought", "pos": [ 168, 175 ] }
results show that within an inner-city black population , where educational levels are relatively low and much of the reproductive segment is young and unmarried , the standard identification criteria of age , education , and marital status do not vary with poor pregnancy outcome .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035150", "name": "reproductive", "pos": [ 118, 130 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancy", "pos": [ 263, 272 ] }
collectively , the data suggest that explanatory mechanisms for molecular organogenesis must encompass both selective gene expressions along with post-translational programmed events .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0017262", "name": "gene expressions", "pos": [ 118, 134 ] }
{ "id": "C1519614", "name": "translational", "pos": [ 151, 164 ] }
these analyses suggest that in infants during tidal breathing ( 1 ) pmusl can substantially contribute to the rise in frc , and ( 2 ) the final portion of expiration is in most cases `` '' relaxed . '' ''
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035203", "name": "breathing", "pos": [ 52, 61 ] }
{ "id": "C0231800", "name": "expiration", "pos": [ 155, 165 ] }
we studied cough elicited by mechanical irritation of the extrapulmonary airways and larynx in 13 rabbits and 4 dogs , anesthetized and spontaneously breathing , before and after so2 inhalation .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035203", "name": "breathing", "pos": [ 150, 159 ] }
{ "id": "C0004048", "name": "inhalation", "pos": [ 183, 193 ] }
effects of carbamoylation on cell survival and dna repair in normal human embryo cells ( imr-90 ) treated with various 1- ( 2-chloroethyl ) -1-nitrosoureas .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0007620", "name": "cell survival", "pos": [ 29, 42 ] }
{ "id": "C0012899", "name": "dna repair", "pos": [ 47, 57 ] }
we have also shown that the expression of the gene for the embryo specific alpha-like globin , pi'-globin , is principally regulated at the level of transcription .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0017262", "name": "expression", "pos": [ 28, 38 ] }
{ "id": "C0040649", "name": "transcription", "pos": [ 149, 162 ] }
the surface of eggs of the ascidian halocynthia roretzi , observed with sem , is essentially smooth until immediately before cell division when numerous microvilli appear and remain during cytokinesis .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0007590", "name": "cell division", "pos": [ 125, 138 ] }
{ "id": "C0010813", "name": "cytokinesis", "pos": [ 189, 200 ] }
an increase in vena caval size during cpap breathing indirectly suggested a decrease in venous return , but the finding of an unchanged percent of inspiratory change of this vessel during cpap indicated that the inspiratory augmentation of venous return was still present .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035203", "name": "breathing", "pos": [ 43, 52 ] }
{ "id": "C0004048", "name": "inspiratory", "pos": [ 212, 223 ] }
this single transcription start and the three previously identified polyadenylation sites account for the 800- , 1,000- , and 3,800-nucleotide dhfr mrna species found in human cells .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0040649", "name": "transcription", "pos": [ 12, 25 ] }
{ "id": "C0949765", "name": "polyadenylation", "pos": [ 68, 83 ] }
it is concluded that in any investigation of reproductive events women , and not their pregnancies , should form the prime unit of analyses .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035150", "name": "reproductive", "pos": [ 45, 57 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancies", "pos": [ 87, 98 ] }
based on the assumption that synchronous activation of a portion of the central pattern generator for respiration would phase shift or reset the rhythm , we conclude that the bulbo-spinal inspiratory neurones are not responsible for generation of respiratory timing signals and play , at most , a limited role in the generation of the augmenting central inspiratory activity .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035203", "name": "respiration", "pos": [ 102, 113 ] }
{ "id": "C0004048", "name": "inspiratory", "pos": [ 354, 365 ] }
the best-characterized cyclic amp-independent nuclear protein kinase is associated with cell proliferation and is activated ( or transported to the nucleus ) in g2 phase of the cell cycle .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell proliferation", "pos": [ 88, 106 ] }
{ "id": "C0079396", "name": "g2 phase of", "pos": [ 161, 172 ] }
it appears possible that , in the histogenesis of myxoid lipoma , multipotent mesenchymal cells undergo multidirectional differentiation .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0178679", "name": "histogenesis", "pos": [ 34, 46 ] }
{ "id": "C0007589", "name": "differentiation", "pos": [ 121, 136 ] }
sexually transmitted infection may result in serious damage to the reproductive tract of the mother , damage to the fetus , wastage of pregnancy , or illness or death of the infant .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035150", "name": "reproductive", "pos": [ 67, 79 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancy", "pos": [ 135, 144 ] }
the ability of immune globulin intravenous to retain specific complement receptor activity suggests that it would also retain in vivo efficacy in complement-mediated amplification of host defense reactions but that it is safe for intravenous use due to a lower capacity to initiate nonspecific complement activation .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0520990", "name": "host defense", "pos": [ 183, 195 ] }
{ "id": "C0009528", "name": "complement activation", "pos": [ 294, 315 ] }
there were several changes in respiratory functions in the inoculated animals , including significant increases in esophageal pressure negativity , expiratory flow rate , tidal and minute volumes , and work of breathing and significantly less oxygen consumption .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035203", "name": "respiratory functions", "pos": [ 30, 51 ] }
{ "id": "C0231800", "name": "expiratory", "pos": [ 148, 158 ] }
the use of the gas scavenging system lowered the concentrations of halothane and nitrous oxide at the endoscopist 's breathing zone to a level at which inhalation for short periods has no clinical effects , while the concentrations of the anesthetics and oxygen in the trachea were maintained at a satisfactory level .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035203", "name": "breathing", "pos": [ 117, 126 ] }
{ "id": "C0004048", "name": "inhalation", "pos": [ 152, 162 ] }
anti-lamin b therefore does not block the actual transcriptional machinery , but rather seems to crosslink the structural framework on which transcription takes place in the intact nucleus , inhibiting dynamic changes essential to rna synthesis .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0040649", "name": "transcriptional", "pos": [ 49, 64 ] }
{ "id": "C1328948", "name": "rna synthesis", "pos": [ 231, 244 ] }
at another level of interaction we have considered the teleological translation of host defence and immunoregulation from one generation to the next through the medium of colostrum and breast milk .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0520990", "name": "host defence", "pos": [ 83, 95 ] }
{ "id": "C0678889", "name": "immunoregulation", "pos": [ 100, 116 ] }
to determine whether male rats show long-term adaptation of the reproductive axis to low-protein feeding , we assessed sexual maturation and growth in rats fed a low protein ( 9 % ) diet from weaning until sacrifice at various points in time between ages 79 and 185 days .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035150", "name": "reproductive", "pos": [ 64, 76 ] }
{ "id": "C0036887", "name": "sexual maturation", "pos": [ 119, 136 ] }
all sequences required for the heat shock-regulated expression of this gene reside on a segment of dna containing no more than 273 nucleotides 5 ' to the transcription origin .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0017262", "name": "expression", "pos": [ 52, 62 ] }
{ "id": "C0040649", "name": "transcription", "pos": [ 154, 167 ] }
it should , therefore , become the initial examination conducted during investigation of sciatica thought to be of discal origin .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0004927", "name": "conducted", "pos": [ 55, 64 ] }
{ "id": "C0039869", "name": "thought", "pos": [ 98, 105 ] }
the transcription of dna in chromatin by escherichia coli rna polymerase resembles that of isolated dna in two important respects : the release of nascent rna and reinitiation of rna synthesis is dependent on the salt concentration , and rna synthesis is markedly stimulated by the addition of ribosomes .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0040649", "name": "transcription", "pos": [ 4, 17 ] }
{ "id": "C1328948", "name": "rna synthesis", "pos": [ 238, 251 ] }
the study asks whether , in fish , antigens encountered early in life can prime the immune system to yield memory responses on subsequent challenge with the same antigen and , if so , whether positive immunity or immunological tolerance is induced .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0020964", "name": "immunity", "pos": [ 201, 209 ] }
{ "id": "C0020963", "name": "immunological tolerance", "pos": [ 213, 236 ] }
laboratory study by authors ' method of human reaction of overcoming on electronic adaptometer in 30 healthy women-volunteers showed that psychophysiological basis of the reaction consists in acceleration of neurophysiological prosesses in functional system of the behavioural act ( particularly expressed in analyzers responsible for overcoming of the obstacle and reaching the goal ) and in formation of negative emotions of motivational excitation , manifested in an increase of situational alarm level and mood deterioration .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0004927", "name": "behavioural", "pos": [ 265, 276 ] }
{ "id": "C0026605", "name": "motivational", "pos": [ 427, 439 ] }
cyclic amp ( camp ) content and the expression of camp-dependent phenotypes were positively correlated with respiration capacity in respiration-deficient mutants of escherichia coli k-12 ( `` '' reductive repression , '' '' r .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035203", "name": "respiration", "pos": [ 108, 119 ] }
{ "id": "C0004048", "name": "in respiration", "pos": [ 129, 143 ] }
in 6 infants breathing spontaneously , the mean duration of right vet increased by 4.0 % at peak inspiration , while the concomitant mean left vet decreased by 3.3 % .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035203", "name": "breathing", "pos": [ 13, 22 ] }
{ "id": "C0004048", "name": "inspiration", "pos": [ 97, 108 ] }
since the plasticity of the plasma membrane is correlated with changes in its dynamic behavior and biological functions , the content of cholesterol in this membrane is thought to have an important role in the regulation of cell metabolism .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0004927", "name": "behavior", "pos": [ 86, 94 ] }
{ "id": "C0039869", "name": "thought", "pos": [ 169, 176 ] }
cell proliferation in the ectoderm of the xenopus embryo : development of substratum requirements for cytokinesis .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell proliferation", "pos": [ 0, 18 ] }
{ "id": "C0010813", "name": "cytokinesis", "pos": [ 102, 113 ] }
the general application of this approach is discussed in the case of infections and autoimmune diseases in which the immune response is predominantly t-cell mediated and where antibody studies may fail to identify key antigenic determinants involved in the activation of t cells .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0301872", "name": "immune response", "pos": [ 117, 132 ] }
{ "id": "C1155065", "name": "activation", "pos": [ 257, 267 ] }
in addition to increasing overall translational efficiency approximately 2.5-fold , methylmercuric hydroxide selectively increases the translation of mrnas coding for higher molecular mass ( greater than 45 kda ) proteins , allowing the routine resolution of 1500 [ 35s ] methionine-labeled proteins .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C1519614", "name": "translational", "pos": [ 34, 47 ] }
{ "id": "C0597295", "name": "translation", "pos": [ 135, 146 ] }
[ studies on the relationship between reproductive phenomena and thyroid function -- dynamics of the concentrations of thyroid hormones in pregnancy , parturition and puerperium ] .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035150", "name": "reproductive", "pos": [ 38, 50 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancy", "pos": [ 139, 148 ] }
this matches the wave of development that travels over this part of the face during embryogenesis .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0678723", "name": "development", "pos": [ 25, 36 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryogenesis", "pos": [ 84, 97 ] }
a very small region immediately upstream of the transcription start site ( from -1 to -39 ) is sufficient to direct correct transcription initiation .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0040649", "name": "transcription", "pos": [ 48, 61 ] }
{ "id": "C1158830", "name": "transcription initiation", "pos": [ 124, 148 ] }
to elucidate further the molecular basis of the specific regulatory mechanism modulating the expression of the genes implicated in methionine metabolism , we have cloned and characterized two genes , met3 and met25 , and shown that the regulation of their expression is transcriptional .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0017262", "name": "expression", "pos": [ 93, 103 ] }
{ "id": "C0040649", "name": "transcriptional", "pos": [ 270, 285 ] }
behavioral deficits induced by low doses of apomorphine in rats : evidence for a motivational and cognitive dysfunction which discriminates among neuroleptic drugs .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0004927", "name": "behavioral", "pos": [ 0, 10 ] }
{ "id": "C0026605", "name": "motivational", "pos": [ 81, 93 ] }
in order to further assess the alterations ( motor , motivational or cognitive ) that might underlie animal behavioral deficits associated with a reduced dopamine transmission , the effects of apomorphine at doses thought to stimulate dopaminergic autoreceptors were studied on rat operant behavior .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0004927", "name": "behavioral", "pos": [ 108, 118 ] }
{ "id": "C0039869", "name": "thought", "pos": [ 214, 221 ] }
it is suggested that behavioral deficits associated with a reduced dopamine transmission such as that caused by low doses of apomorphine involve motivational and cognitive dysfunctions rather than motor impairments .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0004927", "name": "behavioral", "pos": [ 21, 31 ] }
{ "id": "C0026605", "name": "motivational", "pos": [ 145, 157 ] }
the effects of a dietary alpha-linolenic acid ( 18 : 3 n-3 ) deficiency on reproduction and postnatal growth in rats were studied during 3 successive gestations and 4 successive generations .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035150", "name": "reproduction", "pos": [ 75, 87 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "gestations", "pos": [ 150, 160 ] }
in reproductive studies there were no effects on conception or pregnancy in males or females rats at dosages up to 10 mg/kg/d ( by s.c. route ) .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035150", "name": "reproductive", "pos": [ 3, 15 ] }
{ "id": "C0009637", "name": "conception", "pos": [ 49, 59 ] }
in reproductive studies there were no effects on conception or pregnancy in males or females rats at dosages up to 10 mg/kg/d ( by s.c. route ) .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0035150", "name": "reproductive", "pos": [ 3, 15 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancy", "pos": [ 63, 72 ] }
evidence for the involvement of the proto-oncogene c-mos in mammalian meiotic maturation and possibly very early embryogenesis .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0678723", "name": "maturation", "pos": [ 78, 88 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryogenesis", "pos": [ 113, 126 ] }
transcriptional analysis of transgenic mice carrying these clones showed that sequences located downstream of the polyadenylation signal of the c beta 2 region are indispensable for expression in transgenic mice .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0040649", "name": "transcriptional", "pos": [ 0, 15 ] }
{ "id": "C0949765", "name": "polyadenylation", "pos": [ 114, 129 ] }
since transferrin receptor expression is normally regulated by tissue-specific growth factors and because expression of these receptors is required for cell proliferation , we examined the interaction of plasmacytoma growth factor ( pct-gf ) on transferrin receptor expression and cell cycle progression in several pct-gf-dependent and independent plasmacytoma cell lines maintained in vitro .
process_includes_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell proliferation", "pos": [ 152, 170 ] }
{ "id": "C1516334", "name": "cell cycle progression", "pos": [ 281, 303 ] }
[ the role of mechanical stimulation factors in promoting fecundation in sterile women ; study of 181 pregnancies ] .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fecundation", "pos": [ 58, 69 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancies", "pos": [ 102, 113 ] }
[ multiplication of mycobacterium lepraemurium in cell-free liquid medium . 10. factors involved in the starting material of m. lepraemurium for the growth in vitro and in vivo ( author 's transl ) ] .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "multiplication", "pos": [ 2, 16 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 149, 155 ] }
[ electron microscopic study of the cortex of the egg of barnea candida ( bivalve mollusc ) and its evolution at the moment of fertilization , maturation , and segmentation ] .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 127, 140 ] }
{ "id": "C0678723", "name": "maturation", "pos": [ 143, 153 ] }
they undergo an apparently normal sequence of nuclear maturation and cytoplasmic differentiation , which are necessary precedents for fertilization and embryogenesis .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 134, 147 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryogenesis", "pos": [ 152, 165 ] }
others stimulate cell proliferation or thyroid growth immunoglobulins ( tgi ) and account for the diffuse goitre .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell proliferation", "pos": [ 17, 35 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 47, 53 ] }
[ on the problem of the effect of androgens on the process of fertilization and the course of pregnancy in various animals ( experimental study ) ] .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 62, 75 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancy", "pos": [ 94, 103 ] }
the quality of media thus prepared has been assessed retrospectively by relating to the fertilization and pregnancy rates of a total of 646 treatment cycles in an in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer ( ivf-et ) programme .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 88, 101 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancy", "pos": [ 106, 115 ] }
the role of differential cell generation , cell death , and retinal growth in the control of adult retinal ganglion cell number and distribution was evaluated by examining basic aspects of retinogenesis , including growth in retinal area , developmental changes in the number , size , and distribution of retinal ganglion cells ( identification aided by retrograde transport of hrp ) , and the incidence of degenerating cells in the ganglion cell layer .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "growth in", "pos": [ 68, 77 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 215, 221 ] }
this dose was administered to a group of females before fertilization , on the 7th and 14th day of pregnancy , and to control animals .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 56, 69 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancy", "pos": [ 99, 108 ] }
the relevance of these findings to oocyte maturation and fertilization , activation and embryonic development is discussed .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 57, 70 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryonic development", "pos": [ 88, 109 ] }
prestretching the collagen-coated substratum before cell plating also results in increased cell proliferation , myotube orientation , and longitudinal myotube growth .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell", "pos": [ 52, 56 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 159, 165 ] }
accurate grading of this malignancy is essential , since a more poorly differentiated pathologic condition in these tumors indicates aggressive biologic properties consequently leading to frequent local recurrences and metastasis .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0030660", "name": "pathologic condition", "pos": [ 86, 106 ] }
{ "id": "C0027627", "name": "metastasis", "pos": [ 219, 229 ] }
the purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative contributions of trophoblast cells in each of these regions to the expression of placental lactogen-ii ( pl-ii ) and prl-like protein-a ( plp-a ) during development , mrna expression was estimated by northern blot analysis , whereas , protein expression was estimated by electrophoresis , immunoblotting , and immunocytochemical analyses .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C1515670", "name": "mrna expression", "pos": [ 231, 246 ] }
{ "id": "C1171362", "name": "protein expression", "pos": [ 299, 317 ] }
other conditions which influence daudi cell proliferation , such as treatment with a phorbol ester or growth to high cell density , also inhibit c-fgr expression but to a lesser extent than interferon treatment .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell proliferation", "pos": [ 39, 57 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 102, 108 ] }
northern blot analysis showed that the level of alpha 1 ( i ) collagen mrna expression in each of the clonal populations parallels the level of collagen protein expression in each of these cell lines .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C1515670", "name": "mrna expression", "pos": [ 71, 86 ] }
{ "id": "C1171362", "name": "protein expression", "pos": [ 153, 171 ] }
moreover by conducting the cell proliferation studies in a phenol red-free medium , we have demonstrated that the antiestrogen resistance of ly2 and t47d cells corresponds in fact to an estrogen-independent growth .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell proliferation", "pos": [ 27, 45 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 207, 213 ] }
lidocaine has been shown to have adverse effects on mouse oocyte fertilization and embryo development .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 65, 78 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryo development", "pos": [ 83, 101 ] }
constitutive expression of growth-related mrnas in proliferating and nonproliferating lung epithelial cells in primary culture : evidence for growth-dependent translational control .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C1515670", "name": "expression", "pos": [ 13, 23 ] }
{ "id": "C1519614", "name": "translational", "pos": [ 159, 172 ] }
our observations of chromatographically purified igg promoting thyroid cell proliferation in vitro provide good evidence that igg was responsible for thyroid cell growth in vitro and suggest that autoimmune growth mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of both endemic and sporadic goiters .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell proliferation", "pos": [ 71, 89 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 207, 213 ] }
isozyme data of 11 plants from 5 polyembryonic ovules , along with data previously reported , suggest that several mechanisms may be operative in grape that give rise to polyembryony : 1 ) fertilization and development of more than one cell in the embryo sac , 2 ) adventive embryogenesis from the zygote , or 3 ) embryogenic development of gametic cells in addition to the zygote in the embryo sac .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 189, 202 ] }
{ "id": "C0678723", "name": "development", "pos": [ 326, 337 ] }
isozyme data of 11 plants from 5 polyembryonic ovules , along with data previously reported , suggest that several mechanisms may be operative in grape that give rise to polyembryony : 1 ) fertilization and development of more than one cell in the embryo sac , 2 ) adventive embryogenesis from the zygote , or 3 ) embryogenic development of gametic cells in addition to the zygote in the embryo sac .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 189, 202 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryogenesis", "pos": [ 275, 288 ] }
[ effect of fertilization with a sperm mixture on ribonucleic acid during embryonic development of the rainbow trout ] .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 12, 25 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryonic development", "pos": [ 74, 95 ] }
it was concluded that hpmcas had no harmful effect on mating , fertilization , implantation , or embryonic development .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 63, 76 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryonic development", "pos": [ 97, 118 ] }
fertilization , development and spicule formation in sea urchins under conditions of constant reorientation relative to the gravitation axis .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 0, 13 ] }
{ "id": "C0678723", "name": "development", "pos": [ 16, 27 ] }
both fecundation and the evolution of pregnancy are favoured by a marked difference in histocompatibility antigens of the mother and father as well as of the mother and the fetus .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fecundation", "pos": [ 5, 16 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancy", "pos": [ 38, 47 ] }
the development of tissues and organs in the post-embryogenic period has commonly been thought to be by two main consecutive processes : the multiplication of cells followed by a growth in their size .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "multiplication", "pos": [ 141, 155 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 179, 185 ] }
investigations in which the method of induced cell fusion was used in studying the oocyte maturation , fertilization and early embryogenesis of animals have been reviewed on the basis of published data and the authors ' experience .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 103, 116 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryogenesis", "pos": [ 127, 140 ] }
end points for examination included fertilization frequency , normality of fertilization , stage of embryonic development at two time periods , and quality of embryonic development at two time periods .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 36, 49 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryonic development", "pos": [ 159, 180 ] }
in an attempt to analyze the pathological processes which lead to hypercalcemia in patients with multiple bone metastases , 23 advanced breast cancer patients with multiple bone metastases , three hypercalcemic patients with other malignancies and seven early breast cancer patients without any distant metastasis were studied .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0030660", "name": "pathological processes", "pos": [ 29, 51 ] }
{ "id": "C1269798", "name": "distant", "pos": [ 295, 302 ] }
we conclude from these experiments that ( i ) afp is a specific inhibitor of the cell multiplication of cells that are e-sensitive for growth ( as defined in this presentation ) , ( ii ) estrophilins seem not to play a significant role in this inhibition , and ( iii ) e appears not to be a growth-promoting hormone per se .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell multiplication", "pos": [ 81, 100 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 291, 297 ] }
fertilization occurred in the presence of virus , and embryogenesis appeared normal on gross examination , although a slight reduction in the number of embryos was observed in the experimental group .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 0, 13 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryogenesis", "pos": [ 54, 67 ] }
the first , a high molecular weight early pregnancy factor , appears within hours of fertilization and then slowly declines in activity as gestation proceeds .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 85, 98 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "gestation", "pos": [ 139, 148 ] }
polyamines , whose biosynthesis is a prerequisite for cell proliferation , are potential indicators of malignant growth .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell proliferation", "pos": [ 54, 72 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 113, 119 ] }
when the ability to inhibit multiplication of lymphoblastoid daudi cells was examined , the growth-inhibitory capacity of recombinant leukocyte interferon was equivalent to that exhibited by crude human leukocyte interferon or by the homogeneous gamma 2 species of leukocyte interferon synthesized by human cells .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "multiplication", "pos": [ 28, 42 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 92, 98 ] }
igm was found in only five patients , but its presence , together with an increase in igg and iga concentrations , appears to indicate activity of the pathological process and a poor prognosis for the course of the disease .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0030660", "name": "pathological process", "pos": [ 151, 171 ] }
{ "id": "C0242656", "name": "course of", "pos": [ 201, 210 ] }
gastric carcinoma was induced in inbred wistar rats by p.o . administration of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine for 25 weeks , and cell proliferation and growth of the gastric carcinoma in an incipient stage were studied .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell proliferation", "pos": [ 135, 153 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 158, 164 ] }
ornithine decarboxylase ( odc ) is an important enzyme in cell proliferation and growth with a high activity in embryonic tissues .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell proliferation", "pos": [ 58, 76 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 81, 87 ] }
p population received pb and cd for 40 days before fertilization , and then the pregnant females were given the same doses until the end of pregnancy .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 51, 64 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancy", "pos": [ 140, 149 ] }
the role of investigations in which the method of induced cell fusion was used in studying the oocyte maturation , fertilization and early embryogenesis of animals has been analyzed on the basis of the published and the authors ' data .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 115, 128 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryogenesis", "pos": [ 139, 152 ] }
spermatozoal antibodies had an effect on isolated gametes , on fertilization , and on the early development of the embryo as well as on implantation .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 63, 76 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "development", "pos": [ 96, 107 ] }
significantly higher rates of fertilization , cleavage and pregnancy ( p less than 0.001 , p less than 0.07 , p less than 0.001 , respectively ) were achieved in group ii patients to whom combined gnrh agonists and gonadotrophins were given .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 30, 43 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancy", "pos": [ 59, 68 ] }
these molecules in sp could influence maternal immune responses to paternal ag during fertilization and pregnancy .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 86, 99 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancy", "pos": [ 104, 113 ] }
chronological and cytological details of fertilization and early embryonic development in the domestic pig , sus scrofa .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 41, 54 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryonic", "pos": [ 65, 74 ] }
exogenous plant growth regulators can substitute for pollination , fertilization , and subsequent embryo development in cotton .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 67, 80 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryo development", "pos": [ 98, 116 ] }
despite immunological evidence of lymphoid differentiation ( 17 calla + and one t cell-associated antigen + ) and findings of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement , blasts from these patients reacted with one to five monoclonal antibodies identifying myeloid-associated cell surface antigens ( my-1 , mcs.2 , mo1 , sj-d1 , or 5f1 ) .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0007589", "name": "differentiation", "pos": [ 43, 58 ] }
{ "id": "C1512666", "name": "immunoglobulin gene rearrangement", "pos": [ 126, 159 ] }
the effect of the ovulatory agent clomiphene citrate on fertilization and early embryogenesis was investigated with the use of in vitro fertilized mouse oocytes .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 56, 69 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryogenesis", "pos": [ 80, 93 ] }
earlier results have indicated a direct growth-promoting effect of the y chromosome on tooth growth by influencing both enamel formation and , possibly through cell proliferations , growth of dentin .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0596290", "name": "cell proliferations", "pos": [ 160, 179 ] }
{ "id": "C0018270", "name": "growth", "pos": [ 182, 188 ] }
this amount decreases to 18 % during the first three hours after fertilization and then remains constant through embryogenesis .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 65, 78 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryogenesis", "pos": [ 113, 126 ] }
removal of cumulus cells from the human oocyte with bovine testicular hyaluronidase did not interfere with fertilization , early embryonic development , or pregnancy .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 107, 120 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryonic development", "pos": [ 129, 150 ] }
removal of cumulus cells from the human oocyte with bovine testicular hyaluronidase did not interfere with fertilization , early embryonic development , or pregnancy .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 107, 120 ] }
{ "id": "C0032961", "name": "pregnancy", "pos": [ 156, 165 ] }
fibrin deposition and removal is a feature common to major pathological processes such as wound healing , chronic inflammation and tumour invasion : processes involving the ingrowth of new blood vessels .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0030660", "name": "pathological", "pos": [ 59, 71 ] }
{ "id": "C1269955", "name": "tumour invasion", "pos": [ 131, 146 ] }
gap-junctional intercellular communication is a biological process implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C1154413", "name": "intercellular communication", "pos": [ 15, 42 ] }
{ "id": "C0007589", "name": "differentiation", "pos": [ 122, 137 ] }
the effects of microgravity on meiosis , fertilization , and early embryonic development in mammals are being examined by using a clinostat to reorient the cells with respect to the gravity vector .
process_initiates_biological_process
{ "id": "C0015914", "name": "fertilization", "pos": [ 41, 54 ] }
{ "id": "C0013936", "name": "embryonic", "pos": [ 67, 76 ] }