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on the basis of experimental data a model of induced mutagenesis is proposed that takes into account the repair of dna damage by the rec-system . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "repair",
"pos": [
105,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
133,
136
]
} |
deoxyribonucleic acid fragments of approximately 0.5 to 7.0 megadaltons were inserted into pmw79 , and the recombinant plasmids were stably maintained in a recombination-deficient ( reca ) p. aeruginosa host . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
156,
169
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
182,
186
]
} |
comparison of the nh2-terminal sequence of c4a with the sequences of complement activation fragments c3a ( hugli , t.e . ( 1975 ) j. biol . chem . 250 , 8293-8301 ) and c5a ( fernandez , h.n. , and hugli , t.e . ( 1978 ) j. biol . chem , 253-6955-6962 ) showed that of the first 24 nh2-terminal residues of c4a , 6 were identical with those of c3a ( 25 % homology ) and 8 were identical with those of c5a ( 33 % homology ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
69,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
401,
404
]
} |
the relationship between calmodulin binding and phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin kinase by the catalytic subunit of 3':5 ' camp-dependent protein kinase . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
48,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C1334539",
"name": "smooth muscle",
"pos": [
67,
80
]
} |
in contrast , activation by the t cell mitogen , con a , and a t-dependent antigen response to srbc was not inhibited by nms . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
14,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "srbc",
"pos": [
95,
99
]
} |
high frequency mating does not occur in the interval of the cell cycle extending from the step before the initiation of dna synthesis ( cdc 7 ) through dna synthesis ( cdc 2 , 8 , and 21 ) , medial nuclear division ( cdc 13 ) , and late nuclear division ( cdc 14 and 15 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155650",
"name": "initiation",
"pos": [
106,
116
]
} | {
"id": "C1332727",
"name": "cdc 7",
"pos": [
136,
141
]
} |
the immunoregulation of cytotoxic t-cell responses to the male-specific antigen h-y in mice has been found to be genetically controlled by genes of the major histocompatibility complex ( h-2 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0678889",
"name": "immunoregulation",
"pos": [
4,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C1334545",
"name": "genes",
"pos": [
139,
144
]
} |
the following organophosphates were tested for their ability to induce dna damage in a rec-type repair test with proteus mirabilis strains pg713 ( rec- hcr- ) and pg273 ( wild type ) and point mutations in his- strain ta100 of salmonella typhimurium -- butonate : o , o-dimethyl- ( 1-n-butyryloxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl ) -phosphonate ; | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
71,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
147,
150
]
} |
it was found that replication starts at a unique origin located within the repa region at r1 coordinate at 82.4 kilobases and proceeds unidirectionally toward the is/b sequence . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
18,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C1335648",
"name": "r1",
"pos": [
90,
92
]
} |
expression of the plasmid pkm101 -- determined dna repair system in reca- and lex- strains of escherichia coli . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
47,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
68,
72
]
} |
these facts indicate that pkm101 acts through an error-prone dna repair system which is reca+ dependent , but not lex+ dependent . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
61,
71
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
88,
92
]
} |
in vivo complement activation by polyanion -- polycation complexes : evidence that c5a is generated intravascularly during heparin -- protamine interaction . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
8,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
83,
86
]
} |
by transferring the heparin-protamine model to an animal ( rabbit ) system that picks up ongoing intravascular complement activation by documenting acute granulocytopenia due to margination , evidence that intravascular polyanion-polycation complexing leads to instantaneous activation of the c system in vivo that goes beyond c1 , c4 , and c2 , and results in generation of biologically highly reactive products , such as c5a , is provided . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement",
"pos": [
111,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
423,
426
]
} |
we now report the surprising observation that engagement of these same neutrophil adenosine receptors promotes chemotaxis to c5 fragments ( as zymosan-activated plasma [ zap ] ) or to the bacterial chemoattractant fmlp . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
111,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
214,
218
]
} |
neca also promoted chemotaxis quantitated by a different technique , chemotaxis under agarose , to the surrogate bacterial chemoattractant fmlp . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
19,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
139,
143
]
} |
in contrast , p92c-fes immunoprecipitated from these rat-2 cells or expressed as an enzymatically active fragment in escherichia coli from a c-fps/fes cdna catalyzed tyrosine phosphorylation with an activity similar to that of v-fps/fes polypeptides . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1519726",
"name": "tyrosine phosphorylation",
"pos": [
166,
190
]
} | {
"id": "C1708010",
"name": "fps",
"pos": [
229,
232
]
} |
genetic analysis and developmental regulation of testis-specific rna expression of mos , abl , actin and hox-1.4 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "rna expression",
"pos": [
65,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C1704928",
"name": "abl",
"pos": [
89,
92
]
} |
activation of complement with zymosan induced higher mean levels of the anaphylatoxin c3a in hla-b27 positive sera ( mean ( sd ) 7.40 ( 1.66 ) mg/l ) than in hla-b27 negative sera ( 6.41 ( 1.79 ) mg/l ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "anaphylatoxin c3a",
"pos": [
72,
89
]
} |
the clustering of other genes involved in hematopoiesis ( il-3 , granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor , feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog , colony-stimulating factor 1 ) to the same region as il-5 suggests a nonrandom localization and raises interesting questions concerning the evolution and regulation of these genes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0018951",
"name": "hematopoiesis",
"pos": [
42,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C1414588",
"name": "feline sarcoma",
"pos": [
116,
130
]
} |
one of 20 tested shortened episomes carrying , as shown by complementation test , incomplete ilva gene was found to transfer ilv7434 phenotype by recombination with ilva527 reca+ recipient . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
146,
159
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
173,
177
]
} |
a monoclonal anti-beta-endorphin antibody ( 3-e7 ) which displays binding characteristics for opioid ligands similar to opioid receptors served as the antigen ( gramsch , c. , meo , t. , riethmuller , g. , and herz , a. , ( 1983 ) j. neurochem . 40 , 1220-1226 ; meo , t. , gramsch , c. , inan , r. , hollt , v. , weber , e. , herz , a. , and riethmuller , g. ( 1983 ) proc . natl . acad . sci . u.s.a. 80 , 4048-4088 ) and the hybridomas obtained were screened for anti-idiotypic antibodies with fab fragments of 3-e7 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "binding",
"pos": [
66,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C1418943",
"name": "proc",
"pos": [
369,
373
]
} |
these internally and terminally deleted rnas inhibited the replication of subgenomic replicons r1 , r2 , and r3 and caused a reduction in plaque size when cotransfected with p1/mahoney or p2/lansing viral rna , suggesting that individual cells had received both rnas . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
59,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C1335648",
"name": "r1",
"pos": [
95,
97
]
} |
in an attempt to determine the susceptibility of haploid , round spermatids to neoplastic transformation by this oncogene , transgenic mice were generated that harbored a chimeric gene composed of the sv40 t-antigen genes fused to the 5 ' and 3 ' flanking sequences of the mouse protamine 1 gene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "neoplastic",
"pos": [
79,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0029016",
"name": "oncogene",
"pos": [
113,
121
]
} |
evolutionary conservation of the human homologue of the yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2 and assignment of cd2 to chromosome 10 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155872",
"name": "cell cycle control",
"pos": [
62,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C1707108",
"name": "cdc2",
"pos": [
86,
90
]
} |
results obtained with a reca -- lacz fusion introduced in several dna-repair mutants demonstrated that neither a lower lexa inactivation nor a decrease in the production of the inducing signal are the events through which the successive uv-irradiation promoted the arrest of reca transcription . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna-repair",
"pos": [
66,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
275,
279
]
} |
inactivation of bacterial strains derived from e. coli b , which differ in the dna-repair capacity ( exc- , pol- and rec- ) was investigated after far and near uv irradiation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna-repair",
"pos": [
79,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
117,
120
]
} |
other data presented here suggest that some of the large spectral change observed on treatment of the cells with anti-h-2d serum may result from hydrolysis of the spin label fatty acid ester via activation of a membrane-associated esterase . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
145,
155
]
} | {
"id": "C1418754",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
236,
237
]
} |
fcm analyses of other oncogene products and proteins related to cell proliferation , c-myc , p53 and ki-67 , were also described . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
64,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
85,
90
]
} |
the fused protein , synthesised in e. coli cells upon iptg induction and isolated as inclusion bodies , possessed angiogenic activity on the chick chorioallantois membrane and was cleaved upon acid treatment to yield free angiogenin . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0302600",
"name": "angiogenic",
"pos": [
114,
124
]
} | {
"id": "C1367482",
"name": "angiogenin",
"pos": [
222,
232
]
} |
the predicted protein product of the lyl-1 gene contains a potential helix-loop-helix dna binding motif also found in several proteins involved in the control of cellular proliferation and differentiation : all members of the myc family , myod1 , myogenin , the drosophila achaete-scute , twist , and daughterless proteins , and two recently described immunoglobulin enhancer binding proteins . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna binding",
"pos": [
86,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C1417574",
"name": "myod1",
"pos": [
239,
244
]
} |
these results confirm that the ligand binding subunit of the frog brain kar is contained in the mr = 48,000 proteins . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand binding",
"pos": [
31,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C1417249",
"name": "mr",
"pos": [
96,
98
]
} |
mammalian tumours displaying multidrug resistance overexpress a plasma membrane protein ( p-glycoprotein ) , which is encoded by the mdr1 gene and apparently functions as an energy-dependent drug efflux pump . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "multidrug resistance",
"pos": [
29,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C1704939",
"name": "mdr1 gene",
"pos": [
133,
142
]
} |
in order to document a possible involvement of structural alterations of fgf ( fibroblast growth factor ) -like genes in human oncogenesis , we have screened a large series of human tumors for amplification of five fgf-related genes ( basic-fgf , int2 , hst , fgf5 and fgf6 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "oncogenesis",
"pos": [
127,
138
]
} | {
"id": "C0919466",
"name": "hst",
"pos": [
254,
257
]
} |
b-g chromosomal regions on innate resistance and immunity to eimeria tenella was studied among six b-f/b-g recombinants , designated br1 , br3 , br4 , br5 , br6 , and br8 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
49,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C3813965",
"name": "br3",
"pos": [
139,
142
]
} |
this shows that budr blocks myogenesis at the level of a myogenic regulatory gene , possibly myod1 , not by directly inhibiting the activation of muscle structural genes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0596997",
"name": "myogenesis",
"pos": [
28,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C1417574",
"name": "myod1",
"pos": [
93,
98
]
} |
a dna binding and dimerization motif , with apparent amphipathic helices ( the hlh motif ) , has recently been identified in various proteins , including two that bind to immunoglobulin enhancers ( e12 and e47 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna binding",
"pos": [
2,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C1336596",
"name": "e47",
"pos": [
206,
209
]
} |
the polymorphism of fc receptors ( fcr ) expressed on human monocytes for murine igg1 antibodies , which is readily demonstrable in anti-cd3-induced t-cell activation , was not found in the anti-cd2-driven system . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t-cell activation",
"pos": [
149,
166
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
195,
198
]
} |
diverse responses to retinoid in morphological differentiation , tumorigenesis and n-myc expression in human neuroblastoma sublines . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "tumorigenesis",
"pos": [
65,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0812287",
"name": "n-myc",
"pos": [
83,
88
]
} |
the indicator for the induction of ( repairable ) dna damage was a pair of e. coli k-12 strains ( 343/765 and 343/753 ) differing vastly in dna-repair capacity ( uvr+/rec+ vs. uvrb/reca ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna-repair",
"pos": [
140,
150
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
181,
184
]
} |
the indicator for the induction of ( repairable ) dna damage was a pair of e. coli k-12 strains ( 343/765 and 343/753 ) differing vastly in dna-repair capacity ( uvr+/rec+ vs. uvrb/reca ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna-repair",
"pos": [
140,
150
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
181,
185
]
} |
the endogenous ligand appears to be quite specific since it only inhibits the binding of ligand to the central type benzodiazepine receptor but not to other receptors , e.g . peripheral type benzodiazepine receptor , alpha 1-adrenoceptor , alpha 2-adrenoceptor , beta-adrenoceptor and muscarinic cholinergic receptor . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "binding",
"pos": [
78,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C1823521",
"name": "peripheral",
"pos": [
175,
185
]
} |
other conditions which influence daudi cell proliferation , such as treatment with a phorbol ester or growth to high cell density , also inhibit c-fgr expression but to a lesser extent than interferon treatment . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
39,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0919478",
"name": "c-fgr",
"pos": [
145,
150
]
} |
to investigate further the expression of this enzyme in the process of tumorigenesis , we examined gapdh expression in a panel of oncogene-transformed fibroblasts . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "tumorigenesis",
"pos": [
71,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C0029016",
"name": "oncogene",
"pos": [
130,
138
]
} |
the phenotype conferred by these mutations , uv sensitivity and extreme recombination deficiency , is characteristic of standard reca point mutants . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
72,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
129,
133
]
} |
specific high-affinity binding of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands to brain tumors in rat and man . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "binding",
"pos": [
23,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C1823521",
"name": "peripheral benzodiazepine receptor",
"pos": [
34,
68
]
} |
the authors report an increase in specific binding of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands in certain human brain tumors using computer assisted quantitative image analysis of autoradiograms . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "binding",
"pos": [
43,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C1823521",
"name": "peripheral benzodiazepine receptor",
"pos": [
54,
88
]
} |
synthesis of both proteins is coordinately regulated at the translational level by binding of l10 or a complex of l10 and l7/l12 to a single target in the mrna leader region upstream of rplj . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
60,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C1335635",
"name": "l10",
"pos": [
114,
117
]
} |
in contrast to the effects of fibrin ii monomer and heparin on thrombin hydrolysis of chromogenic substrates , its proteolysis of prothrombin and its inactivation by antithrombin iii ( hogg , p. j. , and jackson , c. m. ( 1989 ) proc . natl . acad . sci . u. s. a . 86 , 3619-3623 ) , these components have no discernible influence on the ability of thrombin to cleave fibrinogen . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
72,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C1418943",
"name": "proc",
"pos": [
229,
233
]
} |
in contrast to the effects of fibrin ii monomer and heparin on thrombin hydrolysis of chromogenic substrates , its proteolysis of prothrombin and its inactivation by antithrombin iii ( hogg , p. j. , and jackson , c. m. ( 1989 ) proc . natl . acad . sci . u. s. a . 86 , 3619-3623 ) , these components have no discernible influence on the ability of thrombin to cleave fibrinogen . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0597304",
"name": "proteolysis",
"pos": [
115,
126
]
} | {
"id": "C1418943",
"name": "proc",
"pos": [
229,
233
]
} |
the differentiation agent hexamethylene bisacetamide ( hmba ) increased expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 ( tgf beta 1 ) mrna in ht29 colon carcinoma cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
4,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C1366557",
"name": "transforming growth factor beta 1",
"pos": [
86,
119
]
} |
the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of the h-2kbm1 major histocompatibility complex ( mhc ) class i gene by adenovirus type 12 e1a ( ad12-e1a ) was studied in transfected rat embryonal fibroblasts . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1158770",
"name": "transcriptional regulation",
"pos": [
17,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C1709313",
"name": "e1a",
"pos": [
146,
149
]
} |
the human gene that confers human multidrug resistance , the mdr1 gene , has been cloned and classified as a member of the mdr gene family . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "multidrug resistance",
"pos": [
34,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C1704939",
"name": "mdr1 gene",
"pos": [
61,
70
]
} |
the present work examines the molecular nature of t3 receptor autoregulation using probes specific for each c-erba mrna . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0019868",
"name": "autoregulation",
"pos": [
62,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0242987",
"name": "erba",
"pos": [
110,
114
]
} |
cd44 antibody enhancement of cd2 antibody-induced t cell activation was specific for mature t cells as thymocytes could not be activated in the presence of combinations of cd2 and cd44 antibodies . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t cell activation",
"pos": [
50,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
172,
175
]
} |
first , cd44 antibody binding to monocytes induced monocyte il-1 release , second , cd44 antibodies enhanced the adhesion of t cells and monocytes in cd2 antibody-stimulated cultures , and third , cd44 antibodies augmented t cell il-2 production in response to cd2 antibodies . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007577",
"name": "the adhesion",
"pos": [
109,
121
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
261,
264
]
} |
the phosphorylation of the invariant chains associated with the human tcr has been investigated after the stimulation of t lymphocytes with cd2 mab t11 ( 2 ) and t11 ( 3 ) , pha , or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "stimulation",
"pos": [
106,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
140,
143
]
} |
defective processing and presentation of exogenous antigens in mutants with normal hla class ii genes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0206431",
"name": "presentation",
"pos": [
25,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0017349",
"name": "hla class ii genes",
"pos": [
83,
101
]
} |
the product of the yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2 , and its homologs in higher eukaryotes ( p34cdc2 ) , all contain a perfectly conserved sequence of 16 amino acids that has not been found in any other protein sequence . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155872",
"name": "cell cycle control",
"pos": [
25,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C1707108",
"name": "p34cdc2",
"pos": [
96,
103
]
} |
this study examined the effect of various cytokines , and of phorbol ester ( tpa ) and retinoic acid , on the differentiation and proliferation of cultured h-rs cells ( cell lines hdlm-1 and km-h2 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
110,
125
]
} | {
"id": "C0919509",
"name": "h2",
"pos": [
194,
196
]
} |
these data indicate that , although tfr and c-myc expression are both associated with cell proliferation in the hl-60 line , tfr is down-regulated specifically in g1 upon induction of terminal differentiation whereas c-myc expression is disassociated from cell cycle control in these cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
86,
104
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
217,
222
]
} |
a portion of the newly synthesized platelet-activating factor ( paf ) is on the ec surface , as demonstrated by experiments in which the rate of hydrolysis of paf synthesized by activated ecs was accelerated by extracellular paf acetylhydrolase . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
145,
155
]
} | {
"id": "C1418625",
"name": "paf acetylhydrolase",
"pos": [
225,
244
]
} |
expression of molecules that have essential functions in antigen presentation remained present at the same level ( mhc class ii molecules and icam-1 ) or was markedly enhanced ( lfa-3 and mhc class i ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0206431",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
57,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0017355",
"name": "mhc class i",
"pos": [
188,
199
]
} |
moreover , r- ( + ) - [ 125i ] i-mab , upon photolysis , identifies the ligand-binding subunits of the neuronal d-1 receptor , with an apparent mr of 74,000 , 62,000 , and 51,000 as assessed by autoradiography following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand-binding",
"pos": [
72,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C1417249",
"name": "mr",
"pos": [
144,
146
]
} |
transformants under the constitutive expression of miwnmyc differentiated normally , as judged by morphological changes and by modulation of c-myc , hox1.1 , and laminin b1 expression . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiated",
"pos": [
59,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C3541284",
"name": "hox1.1",
"pos": [
149,
155
]
} |
we have used the avian sarcoma virus system to delineate the viral functions that are required in the regulation of the splicing event that forms the envelope glycoprotein ( env ) subgenomic mrna . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0243052",
"name": "viral functions",
"pos": [
61,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0017343",
"name": "env",
"pos": [
174,
177
]
} |
to identify the region of the ribosomal protein mrnas responsible for their typical translational behavior , we constructed a fused gene in which the upstream sequences ( promoter ) and the 5 ' untranslated sequence ( first exon ) of the gene coding for xenopus ribosomal protein s19 were joined to the coding portion of the procaryotic chloramphenicol acetyltransferase ( cat ) gene deleted of its own 5 ' untranslated region . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
84,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C1335641",
"name": "gene",
"pos": [
379,
383
]
} |
previous experiments have demonstrated that transcription of the human c-fos oncogene is activated through the action of the 289-amino acid adenovirus e1a gene product . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
44,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0087140",
"name": "fos",
"pos": [
73,
76
]
} |
it was found that complement activation during cpb , measured as changes in the ratio c3d/c3 , was significantly less in the cbas group , most probably reflecting a better biocompatibility . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
18,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "c3d",
"pos": [
86,
89
]
} |
according to the different kinetics of transcriptional response to prolactin , these growth-related genes can be divided into immediate-early ( actin , c-myc ) , early ( odc ) and mid-g1 ( hsp 70-homologue ) genes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
39,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
152,
157
]
} |
serologic analysis of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids has permitted the assignment of loci coding for cell surface differentiation antigens 5.1h11 ( gene symbol msk39 ) and f35/9 ( msk40 ) to human chromosomes 11q13-qter and 22 , respectively . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
117,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C1334863",
"name": "msk39",
"pos": [
163,
168
]
} |
this indicates that as in the chemotactic activity induced by c567 , an obligatory step in the chemotaxis caused by c3a , c5a , and bacterial factor is the activation of proesterase 1 of the rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
95,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
122,
125
]
} |
caffeine is mainly metabolized by 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible cytochrome p-450 ( p-450mc ) and metamizol ( noramidopyrine methanesulfonate sodium ) is mainly metabolized by phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome p-450 ( p-450pb ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1524026",
"name": "metabolized",
"pos": [
19,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C1382176",
"name": "phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome p-450",
"pos": [
176,
216
]
} |
different preneoplastic cell lines also vary in their sensitivity to induction of neoplastic transformation by mutagens and by transfection with viral oncogenes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "neoplastic transformation",
"pos": [
82,
107
]
} | {
"id": "C1336966",
"name": "viral oncogenes",
"pos": [
145,
160
]
} |
these results suggest that gcd1 mediates the translational repression normally exerted by the gcn4 leader sequences and that gcn2 and gcn3 antagonize these negative elements in response to amino acid starvation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1519619",
"name": "translational repression",
"pos": [
45,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C1426334",
"name": "gcn2",
"pos": [
125,
129
]
} |
comparison of in vitro and in vivo tyrosine phosphorylation sites of the abl proteins suggests that they function differently in vivo . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1519726",
"name": "tyrosine phosphorylation",
"pos": [
35,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C1704928",
"name": "abl",
"pos": [
73,
76
]
} |
because these hybrid cells have been useful in the study of neoplastic transformation , we determined the amount of viral antigens that they accumulate in an attempt to correlate the level of expression of the transforming viral genes with some of their phenotypic properties . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "neoplastic",
"pos": [
60,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C1336966",
"name": "transforming viral",
"pos": [
210,
228
]
} |
this property is demonstrated to be useful for obtaining the multicopy recombinant plasmids resulting from ecori dependent recombination in reca cells of escherichia coli . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
123,
136
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
140,
144
]
} |
in the study herein reported , the hydrolysis was accelerated and controlled by using the following enzymes : papain , ht proteolytic , and brew ( n ) zyme . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
35,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C1416677",
"name": "zyme",
"pos": [
151,
155
]
} |
in the study herein reported , the hydrolysis was accelerated and controlled by using the following enzymes : papain , ht proteolytic , and brew ( n ) zyme . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0597304",
"name": "proteolytic",
"pos": [
122,
133
]
} | {
"id": "C1416677",
"name": "zyme",
"pos": [
151,
155
]
} |
no correlation was found between the effects of egf on a431 cell proliferation and the induction of c-fos and c-myc . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
60,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
110,
115
]
} |
suppression of tropomyosin synthesis , a common biochemical feature of oncogenesis by structurally diverse retroviral oncogenes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "oncogenesis",
"pos": [
71,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0029016",
"name": "oncogenes",
"pos": [
118,
127
]
} |
this indicates that suppression of tropomyosin synthesis is not a nonspecific response by cells to being forced to grow with the transformed phenotype but is specifically associated with oncogenesis by diverse retroviral oncogenes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "oncogenesis",
"pos": [
187,
198
]
} | {
"id": "C0029016",
"name": "oncogenes",
"pos": [
221,
230
]
} |
the presence of methyl sinapate in plating agar medium decreased the survival of uv-irradiated cells of a recombination-repair-deficient strain , cm571 reca . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1158512",
"name": "recombination-repair",
"pos": [
106,
126
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
152,
156
]
} |
control of replication of fii plasmids : comparison of the basic replicons and of the copb systems of plasmids r100 and r1 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
11,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C1335648",
"name": "r1",
"pos": [
120,
122
]
} |
complement activation and clearance in acute illness and injury : evidence for c5a as a cell-directed mediator of the adult respiratory distress syndrome in man . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
0,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
79,
82
]
} |
the finding of elevated plasma c3a levels and deactivation of migratory response to c5a support the contention that complement activation had occurred in these patients and that their neutrophils had been exposed to c5a/c5adesarg in vivo . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
116,
137
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
220,
223
]
} |
we conclude that transcription originates from multiple initiation sites on both c-myc coding and non-coding strands with the two-sets of transcripts derived from adjacent but essentially non-overlapping regions located greater than 1 kb from the translocation junction . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
17,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
81,
86
]
} |
we have previously demonstrated in rat liver mitochondria a hydroperoxide-induced hydrolysis of pyridine nucleotides and release of ca2+ [ lotscher , h. r. , winterhalter , k. h. , carafoli , e. & richter , c. ( 1979 ) proc . natl acad . sci . usa 76 , 4340-4344 , and lotscher , h. r. , winterhalter , k. h. , carafoli , e. & richter , c. ( 1980 ) j. biol . chem . 255 , 9325-9330 ] . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
82,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C1418943",
"name": "proc",
"pos": [
219,
223
]
} |
all these functions were negatively influenced , but the same effect ( 50 % inhibition ) was observed at different drug concentrations ( 3 x 10 ( -5 ) m for chemotaxis , 10 ( -4 ) m for o2 consumption by fmlp and beta-glucuronidase release , 10 ( -3 ) m for o2 consumption by pma and for zymosan engulfment ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
157,
167
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
204,
208
]
} |
this mutation caused a slight reduction of ultraviolet resistance but did not affect generalized genetic recombination , indicating that the mutation is different from reca . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "genetic recombination",
"pos": [
97,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
168,
172
]
} |
these results are in excellent agreement with predictions based on an equation derived by schellman ( ( 1975 ) biopolymers 14 , 999-1018 ) to take into account the effect of ligand binding on the melting temperature of a protein . delta t 1/2 = tt0r divided by delta hd ln ( 1 + kb [ s ] ) where t and t0 are t1/2 values in the presence and absence of ( glcnac ) 3 , delta hd is the enthalpy of denaturation in the presence of ( glcnac ) 3 , kb in the equilibrium constant for the binding of ( glcnac ) 3 to lysozyme , and [ s ] is the free concentration of ( glcnac ) 3 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand binding",
"pos": [
174,
188
]
} | {
"id": "C1413227",
"name": "t1",
"pos": [
309,
311
]
} |
several genes associated with recombination , including the host reca gene , are not essential for d-loop formation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
30,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
65,
69
]
} |
the immune responses of 26 angus-hereford fetuses and neonates to escherichia coli o26 : k60 : nm were studied after bacterin or saline solution was injected ( in utero ) into the amniotic fluid . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune responses",
"pos": [
4,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C1366571",
"name": "k60",
"pos": [
89,
92
]
} |
factors and conditions essential for activation of the fifth component of complement and release of anaphylatoxin ( c5a ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
37,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "anaphylatoxin",
"pos": [
100,
113
]
} |
the strains tested included mutants with deficiencies in dna-repair systems ( uvrb-and rec- ) , a deep rough ( rfa- ) mutant , and a double mutant carrying both the uvrb- and the rfa-mutation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna-repair",
"pos": [
57,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
87,
90
]
} |
although considerable variation in the immune response between individual rabbits was noticed at all bleeds , rabbits infected with encephalitozoon cuniculi showed , on comparison with uninfected rabbits from either colony , a depressed immunoglobulin g response from week 5 of the antigen injection schedule and , from week 8 , an elevated immunoglobulin m response . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
39,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C1414934",
"name": "g",
"pos": [
347,
348
]
} |
in both fibroblast and epithelial cells , high metabolism to water-soluble products was not necessarily associated with high ahh activity . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0025519",
"name": "metabolism",
"pos": [
47,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0919425",
"name": "ahh",
"pos": [
125,
128
]
} |
the results extend our previous finding ( huberman and sachs , 1973 ) of three presumably genetic groups for bp metabolism to water-soluble products in human fibroblast but not in epithelial cells and indicate that this grouping was not found in these cells by measuring ahh activity . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0025519",
"name": "metabolism",
"pos": [
112,
122
]
} | {
"id": "C0919425",
"name": "ahh",
"pos": [
271,
274
]
} |
nicotinamide formation in the presence of l-arginine methyl ester was greatest under conditions previously shown to accelerate the hydrolysis of nad by choleragen ( moss , j. , manganiello , v. c. , and vaughan , m. ( 1976 ) proc . natl . acad . sci . u.s.a. 73 , 4424-4427 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
131,
141
]
} | {
"id": "C1418943",
"name": "proc",
"pos": [
225,
229
]
} |
since the accumulation of basophils in delayed cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity ( cbh ) reactions may occur in part because of chemotaxis to c5a , and since c5a can induce histamine release , histamine inhibition of chemotaxis may limit basophil infiltration in cbh lesions . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
132,
142
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
162,
165
]
} |
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