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to test this hypothesis , we examined three agents known to affect cell growth [ colchicine , concanavalin a ( con a ) , and the src gene product of rous sarcoma virus ] for their effects on chick embryo fibroblasts . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007595",
"name": "cell growth",
"pos": [
67,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0038085",
"name": "src",
"pos": [
129,
132
]
} |
these results suggest that the pathogenetic anti-x response is not genetically prescribed at the level of macrophages , humoral factors , or t cells , but rather appears to be a phenotypic expression of a primary b lymphocyte defect permitting or promoting differentiation of nzb x-abl . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
257,
272
]
} | {
"id": "C1704928",
"name": "abl",
"pos": [
282,
285
]
} |
the genetic constitution of the senescent cell regulates the expression of virogenes and oncogenes of the endogenous rna tumor viruses of the c-type , resulting either in the cellular degeneration of the senescent cell under the control of the virogenes or in the cellular neoplastic transformation regulated by the oncogenes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "cellular neoplastic transformation",
"pos": [
264,
298
]
} | {
"id": "C0029016",
"name": "oncogenes",
"pos": [
316,
325
]
} |
effects of timepidium bromide ( tb ) on the motility of various smooth muscles and the secretion of digestive juice were examined and the activity was compared with those of hyoscine-n-butylbromide ( hb ) and atropine sulfate ( atr ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007608",
"name": "motility",
"pos": [
44,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C3540546",
"name": "atr",
"pos": [
228,
231
]
} |
on the contrary , the inhbitory effect of tb on the spontaneous motion of urinary bladder was somewhat weaker than those of hb and atr , while this effect on the bethanechol-induced motility was nearly equal the effects of hb and atr . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007608",
"name": "motility",
"pos": [
182,
190
]
} | {
"id": "C3540546",
"name": "atr",
"pos": [
230,
233
]
} |
an unchanged transcriptional activity of the ltr-controlled v-mos and c-myc genes , but a decreased half-life of oncogene-specific mrna suggests that tnf-alpha primarily affects stability of v-mos and c-myc rna without influencing the activity of retroviral promoters . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
13,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
201,
206
]
} |
experiments with phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis as an indirect measure of tcr occupancy suggested that irradiation caused a fairly rapid ( within 1 to 2 h ) decrease in the ability of the b cell apc to display a stimulatory combination of ag and class ii molecule . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
38,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C3540812",
"name": "apc",
"pos": [
196,
199
]
} |
moreover , t cell activation via the cd2 ( alternative , ag independent ) pathway is considered an important mechanism for intrathymic t cell proliferation . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t",
"pos": [
11,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
37,
40
]
} |
activation of jurkat t cells with anti-tcr , anti-cd3 , anti-cd2 , or pha is accompanied by a strong inhibition of phosphatidylserine ( ps ) synthesis . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
61,
64
]
} |
synergistic t cell activation via the physiological ligands for cd2 and the t cell receptor . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t cell activation",
"pos": [
12,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
64,
67
]
} |
cooperation in oncogenesis between bk virus early region gene and the activated human c-harvey ras oncogene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "oncogenesis",
"pos": [
15,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0034678",
"name": "ras oncogene",
"pos": [
95,
107
]
} |
mdr-1 ( also known as pgy1 ) was induced following administration of aflatoxin b1 , 2- ( acetylamino ) fluorene ( aaf ) , n-hydroxy-2- ( acetylamino ) fluorene , isosafrole , phenothiazine , and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ( tcdd ) , but not after phenobarbital or 7-hydroxy-2- ( acetylamino ) fluorene treatment . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "mdr-1",
"pos": [
0,
5
]
} | {
"id": "C0376622",
"name": "pgy1",
"pos": [
22,
26
]
} |
we tested the hypothesis that the mitogenic effect of estrogen occurs via activation of the expression of cellular proto-oncogenes by measuring the rate of transcription of 20 proto-oncogenes ( abl , bas , erb-a , erb-b , ets , fms , fos , fps/fes , mos , myb , myc , n-myc , raf , ha-ras , ki-ras , n-ras , rel , sis , src , and b-lym ) in the uterus of ovariectomized rats before and after injection of estrogen . c-onc transcriptional activity was monitored both by an in vitro transcription assay on isolated nuclei ( run-on ) and by analysis of mature mrna . c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogenes were found to respond to estrogen with increased expression : c-fos within 30 min , with a first , sharp peak at 2 h and c-myc within 1.5 h , with a first , broad peak at 4-6 h . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
156,
169
]
} | {
"id": "C0086661",
"name": "c-myc",
"pos": [
717,
722
]
} |
furthermore , ligand specificity for the binding sites in this amphibian differ from that reported for avp binding sites in rat brains . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand",
"pos": [
14,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C1708407",
"name": "avp",
"pos": [
103,
106
]
} |
recent basic studies revealed that an increase of dhfr synthesis is the result of a proportional amplification of dhfr gene , and that polyglutamation of mtx plays an important role in its action . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0220781",
"name": "synthesis",
"pos": [
55,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C1333216",
"name": "dhfr",
"pos": [
114,
118
]
} |
augmentation and stable expression of a novel transcription factor sii in cd4-positive cells on infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 ( hiv-1 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
46,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C1420622",
"name": "sii",
"pos": [
67,
70
]
} |
the data presented in this communication suggests that in hiv-1 infected cells , selective transcriptional controls were taking place and that a novel transcriptional factor , sii , plays an essential role in hiv-1 expression leading to cytocidal effects . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1158770",
"name": "transcriptional controls",
"pos": [
91,
115
]
} | {
"id": "C1420622",
"name": "sii",
"pos": [
176,
179
]
} |
f-actin is known to be refractory to proteolysis [ jacobson , g.r . and rosenbusch , j.p. ( 1976 ) proc . natl . acad . sci . u.s. 73 , 2742-2746 ] . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0597304",
"name": "proteolysis",
"pos": [
37,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C1418943",
"name": "proc",
"pos": [
99,
103
]
} |
inasmuch as the cd2 ( e rosette receptor , t11 , lfa-2 ) molecule of human t lymphocytes is a cell surface glycoprotein involved in the adhesion of t cells to various target cells the possibility that cd2 binds sp was investigated . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007577",
"name": "adhesion",
"pos": [
136,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
201,
204
]
} |
the site-modified dnas were transfected into cells with normal dna repair as well as into cells with repair defects ( uvra , uvrb , uvrc , reca , uvrareca ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
63,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
150,
154
]
} |
recombination of t4 phage is not controlled by the host reca gene but by an analogous phage gene , uvsx . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
56,
60
]
} |
during differentiation of erythroid cells in chicken embryos , we found maximal levels of c-erba protein synthesis at days 7 to 8 of embryogenesis . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
7,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0242987",
"name": "erba",
"pos": [
92,
96
]
} |
taf was concluded to be a transcriptional activator protein because nucleotide alterations in uast that diminished transcription in vivo also diminished taf binding in vitro . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
26,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C1336572",
"name": "taf",
"pos": [
153,
156
]
} |
these data suggest that at least two serine kinase systems are implicated in the alterations of p56lck associated with t-cell activation and that the lck gene product plays a critical role in normal t-cell physiology . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t-cell activation",
"pos": [
119,
136
]
} | {
"id": "C0919477",
"name": "lck gene",
"pos": [
150,
158
]
} |
this suggests that events other than ligand binding can result in formation of a c-erba protein that modulates transcription of thyroid hormone responsive genes , 3 ) no qualitative functional differences were detected between alpha- and beta-c-erba subtypes , and 4 ) depending on the cell-type , l-t3 acts through its endogenous receptor to stimulate ( gh4c1 ) or suppress ( gh1 ) expression of a chimeric prl construct . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand binding",
"pos": [
37,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C1332790",
"name": "beta-c",
"pos": [
238,
244
]
} |
this suggests that events other than ligand binding can result in formation of a c-erba protein that modulates transcription of thyroid hormone responsive genes , 3 ) no qualitative functional differences were detected between alpha- and beta-c-erba subtypes , and 4 ) depending on the cell-type , l-t3 acts through its endogenous receptor to stimulate ( gh4c1 ) or suppress ( gh1 ) expression of a chimeric prl construct . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand binding",
"pos": [
37,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0242987",
"name": "erba",
"pos": [
245,
249
]
} |
thymidine starvation or nalidixic acid blocked dna synthesis , and stopped cell division of a rec ( + ) thy ( - ) strain of escherichia coli . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
47,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
94,
97
]
} |
genetic recombination was studied in escherichia coli f- strains in which synthesis of the reca gene product protein x is increased due to mutation in either reca ( tif-1 ) or lexa ( spr ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "genetic recombination",
"pos": [
0,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
158,
162
]
} |
electron transport phosphorylation coupled to fumarate reduction by h2- and mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity in extracts of the rumen anaerobe vibrio succinogenes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
19,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0919509",
"name": "h2",
"pos": [
68,
70
]
} |
further testing indicated that one of the mutants was deficient in genetic recombination and was probably a reca-type mutant , while three of the others were deficient in dna polymerase activity and appeared to be typical pola mutants . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "genetic recombination",
"pos": [
67,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
108,
112
]
} |
therefore , ( 1 ) the recombination mediated by reca function does not need de novo protein synthesis ; | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
22,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
48,
52
]
} |
these derivatives are complementary to the familiar trimethysilyl ether derivatives , but have greater hydrolytic stability ( an advantage for tlc ) , generally give better gc separations , and have characteristic mass spectra . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolytic",
"pos": [
103,
113
]
} | {
"id": "C3537453",
"name": "gc",
"pos": [
173,
175
]
} |
excision of f plasmid sequences by recombination at directly repeated insertion sequence 2 elements : involvement of reca . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
35,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
117,
121
]
} |
the rate of excision of the f plasmid form this f ' ( presumably by recombination at the directly repeated is2s ) has been estimated in both reca+ and reca- strains . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
68,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
151,
155
]
} |
the observation that c5a induces alveolar macrophage chemotaxis established that alveolar macrophages are similar to other mononuclear phagocytes with respect to c5a-enhanced migratory responses , and demonstrated that complement components may participate in lung inflammatory reactions through effects on cells other than neutrophils . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
53,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
162,
165
]
} |
recombination of uracil-containing phages during repressed infections was negligible in reca and partially reduced in recb bacteria . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
88,
92
]
} |
inheritance of rp1-hfr chromosomal and antibiotic resistance genes was due to recombination with the recipient chromosome , as shown by the need for a functional reca system . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
78,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
162,
166
]
} |
the results suggest that the normal differentiation of steroidogenic pathways occurs in x/x sxr mouse tests in the absence of an intact y chromosome . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
36,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C1417826",
"name": "sxr",
"pos": [
92,
95
]
} |
benzo [ a ] pyrene hydroxylase activity of trout liver microsomes was similar to that of rat and quail microsomes , whereas hydroxylation of substrates which in rat liver are preferentially metabolized by phenobarbital-inducible forms of cytochrome p-450 was much lower in trout microsomes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1524026",
"name": "metabolized",
"pos": [
190,
201
]
} | {
"id": "C1382176",
"name": "phenobarbital-inducible",
"pos": [
205,
228
]
} |
binding of this ligand to bovine anterior pituitary membranes is : rapid ( 40-60 min to equilibrium at 25 degrees c ) and reversible ( t1/2 = 1 h at 25 degrees c ) ; | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "binding",
"pos": [
0,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C1413227",
"name": "t1",
"pos": [
135,
137
]
} |
an hypothesis is presented proposing that pdp contributes to oncogenesis by regulating the expression of oncogenes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "oncogenesis",
"pos": [
61,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0029016",
"name": "oncogenes",
"pos": [
105,
114
]
} |
the battery of mutants consists of two uv-sensitive strains ( uv4 and uv5 ) that are deficient in different aspects of nucleotide excision repair , and strain em9 , which is defective in dna-strand-break rejoining . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0524550",
"name": "nucleotide excision",
"pos": [
119,
138
]
} | {
"id": "C1333356",
"name": "em9",
"pos": [
159,
162
]
} |
the effects of ligand binding on the accessibility of both tyrosine and tryptophan residues to the quencher are modest in all cases , though the changes are in the same direction as seen using other physicochemical techniques such as hydrogen exchange ( m. lennick and n.m. allewell , proc . natl . acad . sci . u.s.a. 78 ( 1981 ) 6759 ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand binding",
"pos": [
15,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C1418943",
"name": "proc",
"pos": [
285,
289
]
} |
we conclude that in cases where total serum c3 is not markedly reduced ( less than 60 % of normal ) , the c3d/c3 quotient may be a more sensitive parameter for assessing in vivo complement activation than c3 or c3d determinations alone . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
178,
199
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "c3d",
"pos": [
211,
214
]
} |
using the temperature sensitive replication of prp19.6 , frequency of it 's integration into the chromosomes of e. coli rec+ and reca- stains is determined . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
32,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
129,
132
]
} |
we show that stable dna replication , another dna damage-inducible function [ kogoma , t. , torrey , t. a . & connaughton , m. j . ( 1979 ) mol . gen. genet . 176 , 1-9 ] , shares with sos mutagenesis the requirement for reca* activity , even in a strain constitutively expressing all lexa-controlled genes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "dna replication",
"pos": [
20,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C2239486",
"name": "gen",
"pos": [
301,
304
]
} |
in the present paper we summarize what is known about the replication control system of one low-copy-number plasmid , r1 , belonging to the fii incompatibility group . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
58,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C1335648",
"name": "r1",
"pos": [
118,
120
]
} |
human leukemia k562 cells : relationship between hemin-mediated erythroid induction , cell proliferation and expression of c-abl and c-myc oncogenes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
86,
104
]
} | {
"id": "C1704928",
"name": "abl",
"pos": [
125,
128
]
} |
three hybridomas constructed using pool 1 splenocytes were capable of complementing nude mouse pfc responses to the trinitrophenyl group ( tnp ) of tnp-re . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complementing",
"pos": [
70,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C1418482",
"name": "pfc",
"pos": [
95,
98
]
} |
coupling with packaging explains apparent nonreciprocality of chi-stimulated recombination of bacteriophage lambda by reca and recbc functions . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
77,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
118,
122
]
} |
the result suggests that the recombination function controlled by the reca gene does not influence the formation of catenated col e1 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
29,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
70,
74
]
} |
although the depletions observed were suggestive of complement activation , there were no demonstrable increases in c3d , and in all patients the concentration of c3d remained within the normal range . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
52,
73
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "c3d",
"pos": [
163,
166
]
} |
testing in recombination deficient rec a- -strains of e. coli k12 to avoid any recombination of the plasmids . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
11,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "rec a",
"pos": [
35,
40
]
} |
therefore the loss of photoreversibility of these mutations occurring in the absence of protein synthesis and dna replication can not be attributed to the production of a signal for the induction of subsequent rec-lex dependent mutator activity . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "dna replication",
"pos": [
110,
125
]
} | {
"id": "C1424025",
"name": "rec",
"pos": [
210,
213
]
} |
furthermore , it was found that at the phase transition temperature the phosphatidylcholine bilayers are subject to rapid hydrolysis by pancreatic phospholipase a2 whereas phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers are not . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
122,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C1418617",
"name": "pancreatic phospholipase a2",
"pos": [
136,
163
]
} |
this drug antagonized both the electrical and contractile effects of ach , suggesting that they are mediated by an increase in ko+ permeability . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0026820",
"name": "contractile",
"pos": [
46,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C1416746",
"name": "ko",
"pos": [
127,
129
]
} |
it was suggested that the alk and the pola gene products are involved in the same dna repair process whereas the reca function is independent from the process . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
82,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
113,
117
]
} |
in lysates inhibited by heme deficiency , gssg , or added hri , the phosphorylation of eif-2alpha was accompanied by the rapid in situ phosphorylation of hri . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
68,
83
]
} | {
"id": "C1539340",
"name": "hri",
"pos": [
154,
157
]
} |
the inhibition of initiation induced by dsrna was accompanied by the phosphorylation of eif-2alpha and a 67,000-dalton polypeptide but not hri . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
69,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C1539340",
"name": "hri",
"pos": [
139,
142
]
} |
these observations in situ indicate that ( i ) the phosphorylation of eif-2alpha is the critical event in these inhibitions of protein chain initiation , and ( ii ) the phosphorylation of hri is associated with its activation in heme deficiency . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
51,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C1539340",
"name": "hri",
"pos": [
188,
191
]
} |
the demonstration of liquid holding recovery with ab2480 but not wp100 ( both reca uvra strains ) and the somewhat greater resistance of the former strain to inactivation by captan revealed the presence in the k-12 strain of a deoxyribonucleic acid repair system independent of the reca ( + ) and uvra ( + ) genes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "deoxyribonucleic acid repair",
"pos": [
227,
255
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
282,
286
]
} |
to investigate the possible contribution of the mdr phenotype to chemoresistance in ovarian carcinoma , we have analyzed mdr1 gene expression in fresh carcinoma specimens from 50 patients . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "mdr",
"pos": [
48,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C1704939",
"name": "mdr1 gene",
"pos": [
121,
130
]
} |
our study suggests that , in spite of the weak occurrence of the mdr process in patients with ovarian cancers , mdr1 expression can be related to previous treatment with doxorubicin or vincristine . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0242640",
"name": "mdr process",
"pos": [
65,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0376622",
"name": "mdr1",
"pos": [
112,
116
]
} |
to investigate these differences in more detail , we have studied the response of clonal populations of mature thymocyte subsets as well as peripheral t-cell clones to activation via either cd3ti or cd2 . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t-cell",
"pos": [
151,
157
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
199,
202
]
} |
the effect of mutations in known recombination genes ( reca , recb , recc , rece , recf , recj , recn , reco , recq and ruv ) on intramolecular recombination of plasmids was studied in recb recc sbcb and recb recc sbca escherichia coli mutants . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
33,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
55,
59
]
} |
assay of bioactivity in a bovine liver receptor-binding assay and in a female rat growth assay showed pituitary bst and recombinant methionyl-bovine somatotropin to be equipotent . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0018270",
"name": "growth",
"pos": [
82,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C1333673",
"name": "pituitary bst",
"pos": [
102,
115
]
} |
the signal transduction pathways of the cloned human 5-ht1a receptor have been examined in two mammalian cell lines transiently ( cos-7 ) or permanently ( hela ) expressing this receptor gene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1514762",
"name": "signal transduction",
"pos": [
4,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C1335671",
"name": "receptor gene",
"pos": [
178,
191
]
} |
activation of human t cells through the cd3-t cell receptor complex caused an augmentation in the cell surface expression of cd2 and cd5 glycoproteins . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
125,
128
]
} |
it prompted us to report the new findings about modification of lymphocyte subset chemotaxis by c5a . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
82,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
96,
99
]
} |
the efficiency of the repa protein of pab2623 to promote replication of r1 in an in vitro assay was greatly reduced . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0598312",
"name": "replication",
"pos": [
57,
68
]
} | {
"id": "C1335648",
"name": "r1",
"pos": [
72,
74
]
} |
this indicates that the pso4 gene is involved in an error-prone repair pathway which relies on a recombinational mechanism , strongly suggesting an analogy between the pso4-1 mutation and the reca or lexa mutation of escherichia coli . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombinational",
"pos": [
97,
112
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
192,
196
]
} |
acceleration of b-lymphoid tumorigenesis in e mu-myc transgenic mice by v-h-ras and v-raf but not v-abl . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "tumorigenesis",
"pos": [
27,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0080279",
"name": "v-abl",
"pos": [
98,
103
]
} |
regulation of transcription of the pbgd erythroid promoter is abolished by those mutations , suggesting that nf-e2 but not ap1 is necessary for correct regulation of this promoter in erythroid cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1158770",
"name": "regulation",
"pos": [
0,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C1417699",
"name": "nf-e2",
"pos": [
109,
114
]
} |
analysis of protooncogene rna expression in marrow stromal cells from long-term marrow culture demonstrated high levels of c-abl 5- , 6- , and 7-kilobase ( kb ) rna transcripts . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "rna expression",
"pos": [
26,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C1704928",
"name": "abl",
"pos": [
125,
128
]
} |
different surface molecules are known , which trigger the process of cell activation after binding of the respective ligands , including the t-cell-receptor/cd3 complex , the cd2 and the cd4 molecules . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "binding",
"pos": [
91,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C1367475",
"name": "cd2",
"pos": [
175,
178
]
} |
oncogenesis can be induced by chronic and acute rna tumor viruses through a promoter/enhancer insertion mechanism and through a transforming protein coded by a viral oncogene ( v-onc ) , respectively . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "oncogenesis",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C1336966",
"name": "viral oncogene",
"pos": [
160,
174
]
} |
two discrete mechanisms for induction of t-cell proliferation could be distinguished by examining cell cycle progression and the expression of the il-2 gene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1155046",
"name": "t-cell proliferation",
"pos": [
41,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0879590",
"name": "il-2 gene",
"pos": [
147,
156
]
} |
the results were compared with the dna binding of reca to investigate the presence of multiple dna-reca complexes . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna binding",
"pos": [
35,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
99,
103
]
} |
direct and indirect dna binding assays suggest that a conserved 5'-attagg in one-half of the dyad symmetry element is important for mcm1 binding whereas variants in the other half are tolerated . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1148673",
"name": "dna binding",
"pos": [
20,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C1420400",
"name": "mcm1",
"pos": [
132,
136
]
} |
the ligand binding subunit comprising the pituitary d2 dopamine receptor migrated as two distinct bands of apparent mr approximately equal to 150,000 and 118,000 , substantially higher than neuronal d2 receptor subunits from porcine or canine brain . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1517880",
"name": "ligand binding",
"pos": [
4,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C1417249",
"name": "mr",
"pos": [
116,
118
]
} |
double-labeling experiments were conducted by labeling adherent neutrophils with fluorescein-conjugated anti-cr3 followed by chemotaxis in a gradient of fmlp ( 10 ( -7 ) m ) . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
125,
135
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
153,
157
]
} |
these data suggest that , following heat shock , hsp27 may become physically associated with some nuclear component ( s ) that are resistant to detergent extraction . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0282498",
"name": "heat",
"pos": [
36,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C1333928",
"name": "hsp27",
"pos": [
49,
54
]
} |
previously , we reported that a derivative of wheat germ agglutinin ( termed wga-d ) specifically inhibits human polymorphonuclear leukocyte ( pmn ) chemotaxis to fmlp by blocking reexpression ( or recycling ) of formyl peptide receptors . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0008018",
"name": "chemotaxis",
"pos": [
149,
159
]
} | {
"id": "C1333574",
"name": "fmlp",
"pos": [
163,
167
]
} |
we have isolated yeast gene snm1 via complementation of sensitivity towards bi- and tri-functional alkylating agents in haploid and diploid yeast dna repair-deficient snm1-1 mutants . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna",
"pos": [
146,
149
]
} | {
"id": "C1425027",
"name": "snm1",
"pos": [
167,
171
]
} |
two dna repair and recombination genes in saccharomyces cerevisiae , rad52 and rad54 , are induced during meiosis . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
4,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C1419243",
"name": "rad52",
"pos": [
69,
74
]
} |
two dna repair and recombination genes in saccharomyces cerevisiae , rad52 and rad54 , are induced during meiosis . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
4,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C2699123",
"name": "rad54",
"pos": [
79,
84
]
} |
the dna repair and recombination genes of saccharomyces cerevisiae , rad52 and rad54 , were transcriptionally induced approximately 10- to 15-fold in sporulating mata/alpha cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
4,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C1419243",
"name": "rad52",
"pos": [
69,
74
]
} |
the dna repair and recombination genes of saccharomyces cerevisiae , rad52 and rad54 , were transcriptionally induced approximately 10- to 15-fold in sporulating mata/alpha cells . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna repair",
"pos": [
4,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C2699123",
"name": "rad54",
"pos": [
79,
84
]
} |
the combination of two noxious events ( application of a low dose of endotoxin during hemorrhagic shock ) leads to an enormous intravasal activation of complement including formation of c5a and the deposition of active split products of c3 ( c3a , c3b ) in the tissue of lung , liver , small intestine and kidney . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "activation",
"pos": [
138,
148
]
} | {
"id": "C1367710",
"name": "c5a",
"pos": [
186,
189
]
} |
with a recombination-deficient ( reca ) hfr strain as recipient , the frequency of f'lac integration was greatly reduced . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
7,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
33,
37
]
} |
the hybridization results thus demonstrate that ( i ) the regulation of the argecbh gene cluster in e. coli is under transcriptional control , ( ii ) the orientation of transcription is divergent , ( iii ) e gene transcribes anticlockwise , whereas the rest of the genes , c , b , and h , transcribe clockwise , and ( iv ) the position of the promoter ( s ) and operator ( s ) is located between the e and c genes of the argecbh cluster . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C1158770",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
117,
132
]
} | {
"id": "C1419346",
"name": "rest",
"pos": [
253,
257
]
} |
in vitro hydrolysis of oxazepam succinate half-ester by a stereospecific soluble esterase from different animal species . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
9,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C1418754",
"name": "a",
"pos": [
109,
110
]
} |
formation of txb3 , the hydrolysis product of txa3 , in platelet-rich plasma stimulated ex vivo with collagen was traced by capillary gc/eims . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
24,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C3537453",
"name": "gc",
"pos": [
134,
136
]
} |
incubation of the virions with [ gamma-32p ] atp resulted in the phosphorylation of p56 on tyrosine residues . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0031715",
"name": "phosphorylation",
"pos": [
65,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C1332736",
"name": "p56",
"pos": [
84,
87
]
} |
this was also true for the following dna-repair deficient ( rad- ) strains : rad2-6 rad6-1 rad52-1 , a triple mutant blocked in three major repair pathways ; | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0012899",
"name": "dna-repair",
"pos": [
37,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C1419243",
"name": "rad52",
"pos": [
91,
96
]
} |
we have determined the nucleotide sequence of the uvsx gene of bacteriophage t4 which is involved in dna recombination and damage repair , and whose product catalyzes in vitro reactions related to recombination process in analogous manners to e. coli reca gene product . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
105,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
251,
255
]
} |
the 35s-labeled bands were excised from the dried gel and subjected to extensive pronase hydrolysis and the hydrolysates were analyzed for tyrosine [ 35s ] sulfate by a two-dimensional procedure combining high-voltage electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography [ liu , m. c. & lipmann , f. ( 1984 ) proc . natl . acad . sci . usa 81 , 3695-3698 ] . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0020291",
"name": "hydrolysis",
"pos": [
89,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C1418943",
"name": "proc",
"pos": [
302,
306
]
} |
recent studies have concluded that after complement activation the final physiologic degradation products of c3 are c3c and the fragment of relative molecular mass ( mr ) 42,000 which contains the c3d and c3g domains and was therefore named c3d , g . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0009528",
"name": "complement activation",
"pos": [
41,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C1332656",
"name": "c3d",
"pos": [
241,
244
]
} |
the nucleotide sequence of the saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding the glycolytic isoenzyme hexokinase pii ( hxk2 ) , which is responsible for triggering glucose repression , has been determined . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolytic",
"pos": [
74,
84
]
} | {
"id": "C1708273",
"name": "hxk2",
"pos": [
112,
116
]
} |
in escherichia coli , the recbc enzyme is required for several cellular functions including recombination proficiency , uv resistance , and dna breakdown following radiation damage to the chromosome , all of which appear to be also under the control of the reca gene . | process_involves_gene | {
"id": "C0034865",
"name": "recombination",
"pos": [
92,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C1419240",
"name": "reca",
"pos": [
257,
261
]
} |
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