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the effect of sample incubation and storage on the protein binding of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid ( vpa ) and on the concentration of free fatty acids ( ffa ) was investigated in serum and plasma collected from four normal volunteers . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003299",
"name": "antiepileptic drug",
"pos": [
74,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0042291",
"name": "valproic acid",
"pos": [
93,
106
]
} |
somatic side effects of antidepressant medications and of depression and anxiety were quantified in depressed patients before and after 4 weeks of treatment with amitriptyline ( n = 11 ) , or desipramine ( n = 12 ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
24,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "amitriptyline",
"pos": [
162,
175
]
} |
somatic side effects of antidepressant medications and of depression and anxiety were quantified in depressed patients before and after 4 weeks of treatment with amitriptyline ( n = 11 ) , or desipramine ( n = 12 ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
24,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0011685",
"name": "desipramine",
"pos": [
192,
203
]
} |
ketoconazole , a new orally active antifungal agent , is an imidazole derivative structurally related to miconazole and clotrimazole . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal agent",
"pos": [
35,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0025942",
"name": "miconazole",
"pos": [
105,
115
]
} |
erythrocyte cation fluxes were measured in 30 patients with endogenous depression , before and after 14 days of treatment with antidepressant drugs , imipramine or nomifensine . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant drugs",
"pos": [
127,
147
]
} | {
"id": "C0020934",
"name": "imipramine",
"pos": [
150,
160
]
} |
after 7 days of treatment with a variety of antidepressant drugs ( desipramine , imipramine , clomipramine , nortriptyline , nialamide ) , both an increase in alpha 2-receptor density and a decrease in beta-receptor density were observed in the cerebral cortex but not limbic forebrain . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant drugs",
"pos": [
44,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0011685",
"name": "desipramine",
"pos": [
67,
78
]
} |
after 7 days of treatment with a variety of antidepressant drugs ( desipramine , imipramine , clomipramine , nortriptyline , nialamide ) , both an increase in alpha 2-receptor density and a decrease in beta-receptor density were observed in the cerebral cortex but not limbic forebrain . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant drugs",
"pos": [
44,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0020934",
"name": "imipramine",
"pos": [
81,
91
]
} |
after 7 days of treatment with a variety of antidepressant drugs ( desipramine , imipramine , clomipramine , nortriptyline , nialamide ) , both an increase in alpha 2-receptor density and a decrease in beta-receptor density were observed in the cerebral cortex but not limbic forebrain . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant drugs",
"pos": [
44,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0009010",
"name": "clomipramine",
"pos": [
94,
106
]
} |
after 7 days of treatment with a variety of antidepressant drugs ( desipramine , imipramine , clomipramine , nortriptyline , nialamide ) , both an increase in alpha 2-receptor density and a decrease in beta-receptor density were observed in the cerebral cortex but not limbic forebrain . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant drugs",
"pos": [
44,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0028420",
"name": "nortriptyline",
"pos": [
109,
122
]
} |
the ability of the antirheumatic drugs d-penicillamine , chloroquine and levamisole to modify macrophage-mediated inhibition of tumour cell growth in vitro was investigated . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003191",
"name": "antirheumatic drugs",
"pos": [
19,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0030817",
"name": "penicillamine",
"pos": [
41,
54
]
} |
other potentially useful but inadequately tested antimicrobials include metronidazole ( 500 mg by mouth every eight hours ) and bacitracin ( 25,000 units by mouth every six hours ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C1136254",
"name": "antimicrobials",
"pos": [
49,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0025872",
"name": "metronidazole",
"pos": [
72,
85
]
} |
in this study we have evaluated the antibacterial activity of six cephalosporins of the first generation ( cephacetrile , cephalothin , cefazolin , cephaloridin , cephalexin , cephradine ) two cephalosporin of the second generation ( cefoxitin and cefuroxime ) and two of the third generation ( cefotaxime and cefoperazone ) against 66 clinical bacterial isolates . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
36,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0007546",
"name": "cefazolin",
"pos": [
136,
145
]
} |
in this study we have evaluated the antibacterial activity of six cephalosporins of the first generation ( cephacetrile , cephalothin , cefazolin , cephaloridin , cephalexin , cephradine ) two cephalosporin of the second generation ( cefoxitin and cefuroxime ) and two of the third generation ( cefotaxime and cefoperazone ) against 66 clinical bacterial isolates . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
36,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0007716",
"name": "cephalexin",
"pos": [
163,
173
]
} |
in this study we have evaluated the antibacterial activity of six cephalosporins of the first generation ( cephacetrile , cephalothin , cefazolin , cephaloridin , cephalexin , cephradine ) two cephalosporin of the second generation ( cefoxitin and cefuroxime ) and two of the third generation ( cefotaxime and cefoperazone ) against 66 clinical bacterial isolates . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
36,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0007738",
"name": "cephradine",
"pos": [
176,
186
]
} |
in this study we have evaluated the antibacterial activity of six cephalosporins of the first generation ( cephacetrile , cephalothin , cefazolin , cephaloridin , cephalexin , cephradine ) two cephalosporin of the second generation ( cefoxitin and cefuroxime ) and two of the third generation ( cefotaxime and cefoperazone ) against 66 clinical bacterial isolates . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
36,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0007557",
"name": "cefoxitin",
"pos": [
234,
243
]
} |
in this study we have evaluated the antibacterial activity of six cephalosporins of the first generation ( cephacetrile , cephalothin , cefazolin , cephaloridin , cephalexin , cephradine ) two cephalosporin of the second generation ( cefoxitin and cefuroxime ) and two of the third generation ( cefotaxime and cefoperazone ) against 66 clinical bacterial isolates . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
36,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0007562",
"name": "cefuroxime",
"pos": [
248,
258
]
} |
in this study we have evaluated the antibacterial activity of six cephalosporins of the first generation ( cephacetrile , cephalothin , cefazolin , cephaloridin , cephalexin , cephradine ) two cephalosporin of the second generation ( cefoxitin and cefuroxime ) and two of the third generation ( cefotaxime and cefoperazone ) against 66 clinical bacterial isolates . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
36,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0007554",
"name": "cefotaxime",
"pos": [
295,
305
]
} |
in this study we have evaluated the antibacterial activity of six cephalosporins of the first generation ( cephacetrile , cephalothin , cefazolin , cephaloridin , cephalexin , cephradine ) two cephalosporin of the second generation ( cefoxitin and cefuroxime ) and two of the third generation ( cefotaxime and cefoperazone ) against 66 clinical bacterial isolates . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
36,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0007552",
"name": "cefoperazone",
"pos": [
310,
322
]
} |
its in vitro antibacterial activities were less than those of cefoperazone and cefotaxime against staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis , but were significantly high against gram-negative bacteria including the pseudomonas group . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
13,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0007552",
"name": "cefoperazone",
"pos": [
62,
74
]
} |
its in vitro antibacterial activities were less than those of cefoperazone and cefotaxime against staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis , but were significantly high against gram-negative bacteria including the pseudomonas group . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
13,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0007554",
"name": "cefotaxime",
"pos": [
79,
89
]
} |
since the optimal antimicrobial therapy for infections caused by listeria monocytogenes , particularly in patients allergic to penicillin , is uncertain , we investigated the in vitro effects of erythromycin , alone and in combination with other antibiotics , on listeriae . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C1136254",
"name": "antimicrobial",
"pos": [
18,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
195,
207
]
} |
the antibacterial activity of n-formimidoyl thienamycin ( mk0787 ) was evaluated in 335 clinical isolates of ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae , 50 pseudomonas aeruginosa strains , 28 acinetobacter spp. , 50 streptococcus faecalis strains , and 7 oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains and was compared with the recently developed beta-lactam antibiotics mezlocillin , cefuroxime , cefazedone , cefoperazone , cefotaxime , and moxalactam . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0002680",
"name": "ampicillin",
"pos": [
109,
119
]
} |
the antibacterial activity of n-formimidoyl thienamycin ( mk0787 ) was evaluated in 335 clinical isolates of ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae , 50 pseudomonas aeruginosa strains , 28 acinetobacter spp. , 50 streptococcus faecalis strains , and 7 oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains and was compared with the recently developed beta-lactam antibiotics mezlocillin , cefuroxime , cefazedone , cefoperazone , cefotaxime , and moxalactam . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0029983",
"name": "oxacillin",
"pos": [
253,
262
]
} |
the antibacterial activity of n-formimidoyl thienamycin ( mk0787 ) was evaluated in 335 clinical isolates of ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae , 50 pseudomonas aeruginosa strains , 28 acinetobacter spp. , 50 streptococcus faecalis strains , and 7 oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains and was compared with the recently developed beta-lactam antibiotics mezlocillin , cefuroxime , cefazedone , cefoperazone , cefotaxime , and moxalactam . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0007562",
"name": "cefuroxime",
"pos": [
386,
396
]
} |
the antibacterial activity of n-formimidoyl thienamycin ( mk0787 ) was evaluated in 335 clinical isolates of ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae , 50 pseudomonas aeruginosa strains , 28 acinetobacter spp. , 50 streptococcus faecalis strains , and 7 oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains and was compared with the recently developed beta-lactam antibiotics mezlocillin , cefuroxime , cefazedone , cefoperazone , cefotaxime , and moxalactam . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0007552",
"name": "cefoperazone",
"pos": [
412,
424
]
} |
the antibacterial activity of n-formimidoyl thienamycin ( mk0787 ) was evaluated in 335 clinical isolates of ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae , 50 pseudomonas aeruginosa strains , 28 acinetobacter spp. , 50 streptococcus faecalis strains , and 7 oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains and was compared with the recently developed beta-lactam antibiotics mezlocillin , cefuroxime , cefazedone , cefoperazone , cefotaxime , and moxalactam . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0007554",
"name": "cefotaxime",
"pos": [
427,
437
]
} |
the in vitro activity of ceftriaxone was compared with those of other recently introduced beta-lactam antimicrobial agents ( cefoperazone , cefotaxime , and moxalactam ) and with those of cefoxitin , clindamycin , and metronidazole against 227 strains of anaerobic bacteria . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C1136254",
"name": "antimicrobial agents",
"pos": [
102,
122
]
} | {
"id": "C0025872",
"name": "metronidazole",
"pos": [
218,
231
]
} |
the in vitro activity of ci-934 , a new quinolone antimicrobial , was compared with that of ciprofloxacin against selected gram-positive bacteria . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C1136254",
"name": "antimicrobial",
"pos": [
50,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0008809",
"name": "ciprofloxacin",
"pos": [
92,
105
]
} |
the derivatives bearing an amidino or guanidino group showed broad spectra of antibacterial activity similar to those of cefotaxime , but they were relatively sensitive to beta-lactamases . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
78,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0007554",
"name": "cefotaxime",
"pos": [
121,
131
]
} |
in six depressed epileptic patients stabilised on carbamazepine therapy , addition of the antidepressant agent viloxazine ( 300 mg/day for three weeks ) induced a marked ( average 55 % ) increase in steady-state plasma carbamazepine concentration . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant agent",
"pos": [
90,
110
]
} | {
"id": "C0006949",
"name": "carbamazepine",
"pos": [
219,
232
]
} |
although viloxazine appears to be one of the few antidepressants which can be used safely in patients with epilepsy these results indicate that the drug should be prescribed with great caution in subjects treated with carbamazepine . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
49,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0006949",
"name": "carbamazepine",
"pos": [
218,
231
]
} |
studies on anthelmintic effects of flubendazole and mebendazole on the rat lungworm angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice and rats . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003158",
"name": "anthelmintic",
"pos": [
11,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0025023",
"name": "mebendazole",
"pos": [
52,
63
]
} |
nortriptyline hydrochloride is an effective antidepressant that , in depressed patients without heart disease , causes significantly less orthostatic hypotension than imipramine . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
44,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0020934",
"name": "imipramine",
"pos": [
167,
177
]
} |
a wide variety of chemicals including several drugs , e.g . the antimalarials chloroquine and primaquine , local anaesthetics such as lignocaine , benzocaine and prilocaine , glyceryl trinitrate , sulphonamides and phenacetin , have been reported to induce methaemoglobinaemia . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003374",
"name": "antimalarials",
"pos": [
64,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0008269",
"name": "chloroquine",
"pos": [
78,
89
]
} |
a wide variety of chemicals including several drugs , e.g . the antimalarials chloroquine and primaquine , local anaesthetics such as lignocaine , benzocaine and prilocaine , glyceryl trinitrate , sulphonamides and phenacetin , have been reported to induce methaemoglobinaemia . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003374",
"name": "antimalarials",
"pos": [
64,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0033126",
"name": "primaquine",
"pos": [
94,
104
]
} |
whereas typical neuroleptics ( haloperidol , fluphenazine , chlorpromazine ) , which increase the activity of da-containing neurons , increased striatal 3-mt accumulation . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptics",
"pos": [
16,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
31,
42
]
} |
the antiarrhythmic effects of quinidine and calcium channel blockers in this experimental model may be partly due to a decrease in the extraneuronal accumulation of isoprenaline . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
4,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0034414",
"name": "quinidine",
"pos": [
30,
39
]
} |
three principally different antidepressant drugs -- amitriptyline ( with effects on both noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake ) , maprotiline ( a selective inhibitor of reuptake of noradrenaline ) and zimelidine ( a selective inhibitor of reuptake of serotonin ) were tested after a single dose and , as concerns maprotiline and zimelidine , after long-term use in healthy volunteers as regards the effects on saliva secretion rate and saliva composition . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant drugs",
"pos": [
28,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "amitriptyline",
"pos": [
52,
65
]
} |
the second experiment concurrently measured food intake and motor activity following equi-anorectic doses of pea and amph and pretreatment with the neuroleptic pimozide . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptic",
"pos": [
148,
159
]
} | {
"id": "C0031935",
"name": "pimozide",
"pos": [
160,
168
]
} |
force was continuously recorded ( every 0.00195 sec ) during each response , and measures derived from the resulting force-time waveforms served as the basis for evaluating neuroleptic challenge in the form of haloperidol ( 0.04 , 0.08 , 0.16 mg/kg ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptic",
"pos": [
173,
184
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
210,
221
]
} |
single intraperitoneal doses of various antipsychotic drugs ( clozapine 6 , 12 , 25 mg/kg , sulpiride 100 mg/kg , haloperidol 0.5 , 1.0 , 2.0 mg/kg , fluphenazine 0.5 , 1.0 , 2.0 mg/kg ) induced a depression of the spontaneous chewing movement ( scm ) rate in rats during the first 6-8 hours . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "antipsychotic",
"pos": [
40,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
114,
125
]
} |
in order to evaluate the influence of chronic antiepileptic drug treatment on the kinetics of the antidepressant viloxazine ( vlx ) , six drug-free control subjects and six epileptic patients treated with one or two anticonvulsants ( phenobarbital , carbamazepine or phenytoin ) were given a single oral dose of vlx ( 200 mg ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
98,
112
]
} | {
"id": "C0006949",
"name": "carbamazepine",
"pos": [
250,
263
]
} |
the effect of the antifungal agent , ketoconazole , on rat ovarian concentration of progestins and androgens was investigated . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal agent",
"pos": [
18,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0022625",
"name": "ketoconazole",
"pos": [
37,
49
]
} |
the effect of 3 antimalarial quinoline derivatives , chloroquine , mefloquine and quinine on human blood mononuclear cells in vitro was studied . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003374",
"name": "antimalarial",
"pos": [
16,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0008269",
"name": "chloroquine",
"pos": [
53,
64
]
} |
the effect of 3 antimalarial quinoline derivatives , chloroquine , mefloquine and quinine on human blood mononuclear cells in vitro was studied . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003374",
"name": "antimalarial",
"pos": [
16,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0025153",
"name": "mefloquine",
"pos": [
67,
77
]
} |
thirty-two schizophrenic patients , previously treated with antipsychotics , were treated with haloperidol decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in a double-blind cross-over study . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "antipsychotics",
"pos": [
60,
74
]
} | {
"id": "C0062103",
"name": "haloperidol decanoate",
"pos": [
95,
116
]
} |
we found that ca at this concentration has neither an antagonistic nor a synergistic antibacterial effect in combination with ticarcillin . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
85,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0040193",
"name": "ticarcillin",
"pos": [
126,
137
]
} |
we report the treatment of five patients with mediterranean spotted fever with the antimicrobial agent ciprofloxacin . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C1136254",
"name": "antimicrobial agent",
"pos": [
83,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0008809",
"name": "ciprofloxacin",
"pos": [
103,
116
]
} |
the in vitro antibacterial activity of dq-2556 , a new semisynthetic cephalosporin , was compared with that of ceftazidime and cefotaxime . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
13,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0007559",
"name": "ceftazidime",
"pos": [
111,
122
]
} |
the in vitro antibacterial activity of dq-2556 , a new semisynthetic cephalosporin , was compared with that of ceftazidime and cefotaxime . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
13,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0007554",
"name": "cefotaxime",
"pos": [
127,
137
]
} |
antimicrobial agents with mics for 90 % of gentamicin-resistant strains in the susceptible range were ciprofloxacin , a-56619 , a-56620 , imipenem , sch-34343 , ceftazidime , aztreonam , carbenicillin , ticarcillin , and piperacillin . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C1136254",
"name": "antimicrobial agents",
"pos": [
0,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0008809",
"name": "ciprofloxacin",
"pos": [
102,
115
]
} |
after intraperitoneal application of the antiepileptics dipropylacetamide ( dpm , 200 mg/kg ) and dipropylacetic acid ( dpa , 200 mg/kg ) in mice their concentration in plasma and their effects on 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-ht ) metabolism in the brain were followed during 360 minutes . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003299",
"name": "antiepileptics",
"pos": [
41,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0042291",
"name": "dpa",
"pos": [
120,
123
]
} |
voltage clamp studies were carried out of the effects of chloramine-t ( ct ) and external ca++ on the blocking interactions of local anaesthetics ( las ) and antiarrhythmic drugs ( lidocaine , tetracaine , n-propyl ajmaline , compound kc 3791 ) with na+ channels in frog ranvier nodes . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic drugs",
"pos": [
158,
178
]
} | {
"id": "C0023660",
"name": "lidocaine",
"pos": [
181,
190
]
} |
clinical experience shows that the separation of subjects into extensive metabolizers ( em ) and poor metabolizers ( pm ) is also valid for drugs of interest in psychiatry , such as some betablockers and antidepressants like amitriptyline , nortriptyline and desipramine . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
204,
219
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "amitriptyline",
"pos": [
225,
238
]
} |
clinical experience shows that the separation of subjects into extensive metabolizers ( em ) and poor metabolizers ( pm ) is also valid for drugs of interest in psychiatry , such as some betablockers and antidepressants like amitriptyline , nortriptyline and desipramine . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
204,
219
]
} | {
"id": "C0028420",
"name": "nortriptyline",
"pos": [
241,
254
]
} |
clinical experience shows that the separation of subjects into extensive metabolizers ( em ) and poor metabolizers ( pm ) is also valid for drugs of interest in psychiatry , such as some betablockers and antidepressants like amitriptyline , nortriptyline and desipramine . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
204,
219
]
} | {
"id": "C0011685",
"name": "desipramine",
"pos": [
259,
270
]
} |
effect of some tricyclic and nontricyclic antidepressants on [ 3h ] imipramine binding and serotonin uptake in rat cerebral cortex after prolonged treatment . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
42,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0020934",
"name": "imipramine",
"pos": [
68,
78
]
} |
chronic administration of different antidepressant drugs reduced the number of [ 3h ] imipramine [ ( 3h ] imi ) binding sites in rat cerebral cortex . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
36,
50
]
} | {
"id": "C0020934",
"name": "imipramine",
"pos": [
86,
96
]
} |
in vitro antibacterial activity of fmox was evaluated in comparison to latamoxef ( lmox ) , cefmetazole ( cmz ) , cefazolin ( cez ) using clinically isolated strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
9,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0007546",
"name": "cefazolin",
"pos": [
114,
123
]
} |
antibacterial activities of fmox were stronger than lmox , cmz , cez against escherichia coli , klebsiella but only slightly effective against staphylococcus aureus . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0007546",
"name": "cez",
"pos": [
65,
68
]
} |
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) were isolated from samples collected from various patients during 1986 , and antibacterial activities of 6 aminoglycosides ( ags ) ( netilmicin ( ntl ) , gentamicin ( gm ) , sisomicin ( siso ) , dibekacin ( dkb ) , tobramycin ( tob ) and amikacin ( amk ] and 4 beta-lactam antibiotics ( cefazolin ( cez ) , cefmetazole ( cmz ) , cloxacillin ( mcipc ) and methicillin ( dmppc ) against these mrsa were evaluated . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
130,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0027780",
"name": "netilmicin",
"pos": [
186,
196
]
} |
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) were isolated from samples collected from various patients during 1986 , and antibacterial activities of 6 aminoglycosides ( ags ) ( netilmicin ( ntl ) , gentamicin ( gm ) , sisomicin ( siso ) , dibekacin ( dkb ) , tobramycin ( tob ) and amikacin ( amk ] and 4 beta-lactam antibiotics ( cefazolin ( cez ) , cefmetazole ( cmz ) , cloxacillin ( mcipc ) and methicillin ( dmppc ) against these mrsa were evaluated . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
130,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0040341",
"name": "tobramycin",
"pos": [
268,
278
]
} |
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) were isolated from samples collected from various patients during 1986 , and antibacterial activities of 6 aminoglycosides ( ags ) ( netilmicin ( ntl ) , gentamicin ( gm ) , sisomicin ( siso ) , dibekacin ( dkb ) , tobramycin ( tob ) and amikacin ( amk ] and 4 beta-lactam antibiotics ( cefazolin ( cez ) , cefmetazole ( cmz ) , cloxacillin ( mcipc ) and methicillin ( dmppc ) against these mrsa were evaluated . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
130,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0002499",
"name": "amikacin",
"pos": [
291,
299
]
} |
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) were isolated from samples collected from various patients during 1986 , and antibacterial activities of 6 aminoglycosides ( ags ) ( netilmicin ( ntl ) , gentamicin ( gm ) , sisomicin ( siso ) , dibekacin ( dkb ) , tobramycin ( tob ) and amikacin ( amk ] and 4 beta-lactam antibiotics ( cefazolin ( cez ) , cefmetazole ( cmz ) , cloxacillin ( mcipc ) and methicillin ( dmppc ) against these mrsa were evaluated . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
130,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0007546",
"name": "cefazolin",
"pos": [
340,
349
]
} |
antibacterial activities of gm , siso , dkb and tob were weak , and mic50 's of gm and dkb were both 100 micrograms/ml , while those of siso and tob were 50 and greater than 100 micrograms/ml , respectively . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0040341",
"name": "tob",
"pos": [
145,
148
]
} |
five previously untreated patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate were treated with the non-estrogenic antifungal agent ketoconazole in high doses . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal agent",
"pos": [
112,
128
]
} | {
"id": "C0022625",
"name": "ketoconazole",
"pos": [
129,
141
]
} |
the antimalarial activity of four chloroquine derivatives has been assessed in vitro by the trager and jensen technique against the strain of plasmodium falciparum fcc , 2spp . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003374",
"name": "antimalarial",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0008269",
"name": "chloroquine",
"pos": [
34,
45
]
} |
the anti-malarial activity of monodesethyl-chloroquine should be considered for pharmacokinetics and for optimizing chloroquine treatments . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003374",
"name": "anti-malarial",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0008269",
"name": "chloroquine",
"pos": [
116,
127
]
} |
we studied the effect of antidepressant drugs ( imipramine , amitriptyline , citalopram , mianserin : 10 mg/kg p.o . each ; | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
25,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0020934",
"name": "imipramine",
"pos": [
48,
58
]
} |
we studied the effect of antidepressant drugs ( imipramine , amitriptyline , citalopram , mianserin : 10 mg/kg p.o . each ; | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
25,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "amitriptyline",
"pos": [
61,
74
]
} |
dc exhibits a greater antibacterial activity than other aminoglycosides against the clinical isolates of serratia marcescens and is active against many gentamicin- and amikacin-resistant bacteria . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
22,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0002499",
"name": "amikacin",
"pos": [
168,
176
]
} |
advances in the treatment of systemic fungal infections have been achieved through better understanding of two classic antifungal drugs , amphotericin b and flucytosine , and through the recent development of several antifungal azole derivatives . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal drugs",
"pos": [
119,
135
]
} | {
"id": "C0002679",
"name": "amphotericin b",
"pos": [
138,
152
]
} |
advances in the treatment of systemic fungal infections have been achieved through better understanding of two classic antifungal drugs , amphotericin b and flucytosine , and through the recent development of several antifungal azole derivatives . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal drugs",
"pos": [
119,
135
]
} | {
"id": "C0016278",
"name": "flucytosine",
"pos": [
157,
168
]
} |
the electrophysiological effects of several antidepressant drugs , imipramine , metapramine , minanserin , nomifensine , and amineptine , were studied in canine cardiac purkinje fibres at concentrations between 10 ( -6 ) mol.litre-1 and 10 ( -4 ) mol.litre-1 . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
44,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0020934",
"name": "imipramine",
"pos": [
67,
77
]
} |
six consecutive patients with cushing 's disease were treated with the broad spectrum antifungal drug ketoconazole . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal drug",
"pos": [
86,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C0022625",
"name": "ketoconazole",
"pos": [
102,
114
]
} |
comparative activity of anthelmintic drugs , mebendazole , praziquantel and albendazole against hymenolepis diminuta in experimentally infected rats . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003158",
"name": "anthelmintic drugs",
"pos": [
24,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0025023",
"name": "mebendazole",
"pos": [
45,
56
]
} |
comparative activity of anthelmintic drugs , mebendazole , praziquantel and albendazole against hymenolepis diminuta in experimentally infected rats . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003158",
"name": "anthelmintic drugs",
"pos": [
24,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0032911",
"name": "praziquantel",
"pos": [
59,
71
]
} |
comparative activity of anthelmintic drugs , mebendazole , praziquantel and albendazole against hymenolepis diminuta in experimentally infected rats . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003158",
"name": "anthelmintic drugs",
"pos": [
24,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0001911",
"name": "albendazole",
"pos": [
76,
87
]
} |
we compared three antirheumatic agents : auranofin ( aur ) , gold sodium thiomalate ( gst ) , and penicillamine ( pen ) for their effect on resorption in control unstimulated cultures of fetal rat long bones and in cultures stimulated by parathyroid hormone ( pth ) , prostaglandin e2 ( pge2 ) , and murine interleukin-1 ( mil-1 ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003191",
"name": "antirheumatic agents",
"pos": [
18,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0030817",
"name": "penicillamine",
"pos": [
98,
111
]
} |
patients undergoing antiarrhythmic therapy ( amiodarone ) showed a significant reduction in the number of ventricular extrasystoles and in the incidence of complex ventricular arrhythmias . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
20,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0002598",
"name": "amiodarone",
"pos": [
45,
55
]
} |
antiarrhythmic treatment with amiodarone significantly reduces the number of ventricular extrasystoles and the episodes of ventricular tachycardia , may prevent sudden death and improve survival . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
0,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0002598",
"name": "amiodarone",
"pos": [
30,
40
]
} |
a repeated oral treatment ( twice daily , for 21 consecutive days ) with 10 mg/kg of antidepressants imipramine , amitriptyline , citalopram , mianserin affects the level of testosterone and its metabolites ( 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and estradiol-17 beta ) in the serum and brain structures ( cerebral cortex , hypothalamus ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
85,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0020934",
"name": "imipramine",
"pos": [
101,
111
]
} |
a repeated oral treatment ( twice daily , for 21 consecutive days ) with 10 mg/kg of antidepressants imipramine , amitriptyline , citalopram , mianserin affects the level of testosterone and its metabolites ( 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and estradiol-17 beta ) in the serum and brain structures ( cerebral cortex , hypothalamus ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
85,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "amitriptyline",
"pos": [
114,
127
]
} |
the effect of repeated administration of antidepressants ( imipramine , amitriptyline , citalopram ) on the 3h-prazosin binding to alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the cerebral cortex of elderly ( 12-14-month old ) rats was studied . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
41,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0020934",
"name": "imipramine",
"pos": [
59,
69
]
} |
the effect of repeated administration of antidepressants ( imipramine , amitriptyline , citalopram ) on the 3h-prazosin binding to alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the cerebral cortex of elderly ( 12-14-month old ) rats was studied . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
41,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "amitriptyline",
"pos": [
72,
85
]
} |
patients taking liver enzyme inducing antiepileptic drugs showed a mean lamotrigine plasma elimination half-life ( t1/2 ) of 14 h ( +/- 7 ) ( t1/2 of normal volunteers = 24 h ) and those taking sodium valproate and an inducing aed showed a mean lamotrigine t1/2 of 30 h ( +/- 10 ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003299",
"name": "antiepileptic drugs",
"pos": [
38,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0037567",
"name": "sodium valproate",
"pos": [
194,
210
]
} |
patients taking liver enzyme inducing antiepileptic drugs showed a mean lamotrigine plasma elimination half-life ( t1/2 ) of 14 h ( +/- 7 ) ( t1/2 of normal volunteers = 24 h ) and those taking sodium valproate and an inducing aed showed a mean lamotrigine t1/2 of 30 h ( +/- 10 ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003299",
"name": "antiepileptic drugs",
"pos": [
38,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0064636",
"name": "t1",
"pos": [
257,
259
]
} |
the acute effect of oral administration of a single dose of vigabatrin , a new antiepileptic drug which acts by irreversible enzyme-activated inhibition of the brain enzyme , gaba-aminotransferase , on the photoconvulsive response in patients with photosensitive epilepsy , was compared with that of the established antiepileptic drug , sodium valproate . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003299",
"name": "antiepileptic drug",
"pos": [
79,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0037567",
"name": "sodium valproate",
"pos": [
337,
353
]
} |
d,1-polylactic acid ( pla ) microspheres containing the antiarrhythmic drug , quinidine , were prepared by the solvent evaporation method . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic drug",
"pos": [
56,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0034414",
"name": "quinidine",
"pos": [
78,
87
]
} |
the neuroleptic concentration in plasma water or cerebrospinal fluid was of the order of 2 nm for haloperidol in clinical therapy . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptic",
"pos": [
4,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
98,
109
]
} |
a systematic research was made between 1963 and 1974 for a primary site of neuroleptic action which would be sensitive to 2 nm haloperidol and stereoselective for ( + ) -butaclamol . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptic",
"pos": [
75,
86
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
127,
138
]
} |
direct evidence that neuroleptics selectively blocked dopamine receptors occurred in 1974 with the finding that nanomolar concentrations of these drugs stereoselectively inhibited the binding of [ 3h ] -dopamine or [ 3h ] -haloperidol . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptics",
"pos": [
21,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
223,
234
]
} |
our findings demonstrate that trazodone has a central antiserotonin action , similarly as three other antidepressant drugs : mianserin , danitracen and doxepin , whose central antiserotonin action has been found previously . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant drugs",
"pos": [
102,
122
]
} | {
"id": "C0013085",
"name": "doxepin",
"pos": [
152,
159
]
} |
zimelidine , a bicyclic compound with a strong effect on the neuronal reuptake of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine and with weak anticholinergic actions , was evaluated for its antidepressant efficacy in a double-blind comparative trial with amitriptyline . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
165,
179
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "amitriptyline",
"pos": [
230,
243
]
} |
plasma tricyclic determinations appear to have little if any predictive value for antidepressant effect in outpatients treated with ami . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
82,
96
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "ami",
"pos": [
132,
135
]
} |
during the second separation , one group of subjects was given , in a 'double blind ' fashion , daily doses of 5 mg/kg of an antidepressant , desmethylimipramine ( dmi ) , i.m . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
125,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0011685",
"name": "desmethylimipramine",
"pos": [
142,
161
]
} |
ym-08054-1 was the most potent among all of the tested antidepressants in the inhibition of reserpine-induced facilitation of convulsions as well as in the potentiation of reserpine-induced facilitation of convulsions as well as in the potentiation of 5-hydroxytryptophan ( 5-htp ) -induced syndromes in mice , though the inhibitory effect of this agent on reserpine-induced hypothermia was weaker than that of either amitriptyline or desipramine , suggesting relatively selective effects of ym-08054-1 upon 5-ht rather than ne uptake in vivo . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
55,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "amitriptyline",
"pos": [
418,
431
]
} |
ym-08054-1 was the most potent among all of the tested antidepressants in the inhibition of reserpine-induced facilitation of convulsions as well as in the potentiation of reserpine-induced facilitation of convulsions as well as in the potentiation of 5-hydroxytryptophan ( 5-htp ) -induced syndromes in mice , though the inhibitory effect of this agent on reserpine-induced hypothermia was weaker than that of either amitriptyline or desipramine , suggesting relatively selective effects of ym-08054-1 upon 5-ht rather than ne uptake in vivo . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
55,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0011685",
"name": "desipramine",
"pos": [
435,
446
]
} |
during the drug sessions rats were treated with 4 doses of the following neuroleptics : haloperidol , pimozide , pipamperone , azaperone . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptics",
"pos": [
73,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
88,
99
]
} |
during the drug sessions rats were treated with 4 doses of the following neuroleptics : haloperidol , pimozide , pipamperone , azaperone . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptics",
"pos": [
73,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0031935",
"name": "pimozide",
"pos": [
102,
110
]
} |
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