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antibacterial activities of imipenem ( mk-0787 ) , cefazolin ( cez ) , cefmenoxime ( cmx ) and cefoperazone ( cpz ) were measured by using an agar dilution method against 243 strains of bacteria isolated from the patients with urinary tract infections . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0007552",
"name": "cefoperazone",
"pos": [
95,
107
]
} |
antiarrhythmic and antifibrillation properties of bonnecor , a derivative of dibenzepin , were studied in comparison with ethmozine , quinidine and novocainamide , using various experimental arrhythmia models . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
0,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0034414",
"name": "quinidine",
"pos": [
134,
143
]
} |
the possible interaction between the antianginal and antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone and the slow calcium channel was investigated by competition binding experiments in guinea-pig cerebral cortex and rat heart membranes using [ 3h ] nitrendipine as radioligand . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic drug",
"pos": [
53,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0002598",
"name": "amiodarone",
"pos": [
73,
83
]
} |
the antiepileptic drug valproic acid and its pharmacologically active unsaturated metabolite accumulate in embryonic tissue to higher concentrations than in maternal plasma , whereas the essentially neutral amide of valproic acid ( valpromide ) or ethosuximide do not accumulate in the embryo ; | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003299",
"name": "antiepileptic drug",
"pos": [
4,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0042291",
"name": "valproic acid",
"pos": [
216,
229
]
} |
the antiepileptic drug valproic acid and its pharmacologically active unsaturated metabolite accumulate in embryonic tissue to higher concentrations than in maternal plasma , whereas the essentially neutral amide of valproic acid ( valpromide ) or ethosuximide do not accumulate in the embryo ; | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003299",
"name": "antiepileptic drug",
"pos": [
4,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0015043",
"name": "ethosuximide",
"pos": [
248,
260
]
} |
[ arrhythmias in the rehabilitation period after myocardial revascularization surgery by aortocoronary bypass . efficacy of anti-arrhythmia therapy with propafenone ] . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "anti-arrhythmia",
"pos": [
124,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0033429",
"name": "propafenone",
"pos": [
153,
164
]
} |
the seven antiarrhythmic drugs tested were procainamide ( oral [ p.o . ] and intravenous [ iv ] , class ia ) , lidocaine ( iv , class ib ) , tocainide ( p.o. , class ib ) , flecainide ( p.o . and iv , class ic ) , propranolol ( p.o . and iv , class ii ) , amiodarone ( p.o . and iv , class iii ) , and verapamil ( p.o . and iv , class ic ) , propranolol ( p.o . and iv , class ii ) , amiodarone ( p.o . and iv , class iii ) , and verapamil ( p.o . and iv , class iv ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic drugs",
"pos": [
10,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0033216",
"name": "procainamide",
"pos": [
43,
55
]
} |
the seven antiarrhythmic drugs tested were procainamide ( oral [ p.o . ] and intravenous [ iv ] , class ia ) , lidocaine ( iv , class ib ) , tocainide ( p.o. , class ib ) , flecainide ( p.o . and iv , class ic ) , propranolol ( p.o . and iv , class ii ) , amiodarone ( p.o . and iv , class iii ) , and verapamil ( p.o . and iv , class ic ) , propranolol ( p.o . and iv , class ii ) , amiodarone ( p.o . and iv , class iii ) , and verapamil ( p.o . and iv , class iv ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic drugs",
"pos": [
10,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0023660",
"name": "lidocaine",
"pos": [
111,
120
]
} |
the seven antiarrhythmic drugs tested were procainamide ( oral [ p.o . ] and intravenous [ iv ] , class ia ) , lidocaine ( iv , class ib ) , tocainide ( p.o. , class ib ) , flecainide ( p.o . and iv , class ic ) , propranolol ( p.o . and iv , class ii ) , amiodarone ( p.o . and iv , class iii ) , and verapamil ( p.o . and iv , class ic ) , propranolol ( p.o . and iv , class ii ) , amiodarone ( p.o . and iv , class iii ) , and verapamil ( p.o . and iv , class iv ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic drugs",
"pos": [
10,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0016229",
"name": "flecainide",
"pos": [
173,
183
]
} |
the seven antiarrhythmic drugs tested were procainamide ( oral [ p.o . ] and intravenous [ iv ] , class ia ) , lidocaine ( iv , class ib ) , tocainide ( p.o. , class ib ) , flecainide ( p.o . and iv , class ic ) , propranolol ( p.o . and iv , class ii ) , amiodarone ( p.o . and iv , class iii ) , and verapamil ( p.o . and iv , class ic ) , propranolol ( p.o . and iv , class ii ) , amiodarone ( p.o . and iv , class iii ) , and verapamil ( p.o . and iv , class iv ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic drugs",
"pos": [
10,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0002598",
"name": "amiodarone",
"pos": [
384,
394
]
} |
in addition , we studied the nature of the effects of acute ( 1-48 hr ) and long-term ( 7 month ) treatment with the butyrophenone neuroleptic haloperidol on both the basal firing rate and population response of dopamine-containing neurons in these 2 regions . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptic",
"pos": [
131,
142
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
143,
154
]
} |
in the present study , using the microiontophoretic technique , the effect of flurazepam application on cholecystokinin-induced activation of hippocampal pyramidal neurons was assessed in rats treated with the antidepressants desipramine , trimipramine and citalopram , and the antipsychotic chlorpromazine , for 3 weeks . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
210,
225
]
} | {
"id": "C0011685",
"name": "desipramine",
"pos": [
226,
237
]
} |
in the present study , using the microiontophoretic technique , the effect of flurazepam application on cholecystokinin-induced activation of hippocampal pyramidal neurons was assessed in rats treated with the antidepressants desipramine , trimipramine and citalopram , and the antipsychotic chlorpromazine , for 3 weeks . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
210,
225
]
} | {
"id": "C0041056",
"name": "trimipramine",
"pos": [
240,
252
]
} |
repeated injections or oral administration of antidepressants : imipramine , amitriptyline and desmethylimipramine ( 10 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days ) did not alter significantly [ 3h ] flunitrazepam binding to frozen-thawed preincubated membranes from the brains of mice or rats . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
46,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0020934",
"name": "imipramine",
"pos": [
104,
114
]
} |
repeated injections or oral administration of antidepressants : imipramine , amitriptyline and desmethylimipramine ( 10 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days ) did not alter significantly [ 3h ] flunitrazepam binding to frozen-thawed preincubated membranes from the brains of mice or rats . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
46,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "amitriptyline",
"pos": [
77,
90
]
} |
repeated injections or oral administration of antidepressants : imipramine , amitriptyline and desmethylimipramine ( 10 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days ) did not alter significantly [ 3h ] flunitrazepam binding to frozen-thawed preincubated membranes from the brains of mice or rats . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
46,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0011685",
"name": "desmethylimipramine",
"pos": [
95,
114
]
} |
the antibacterial activity of ampicillin against enterobacteriaceae strongly increased when combined with 6 beta-bromopenicillanic acid ( bpa ) or clavulanic acid ( ca ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0002680",
"name": "ampicillin",
"pos": [
30,
40
]
} |
the antibacterial activity of mecillinam against enterobacteriaceae was strongly potentiated by the addition of ampicillin . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0002680",
"name": "ampicillin",
"pos": [
112,
122
]
} |
the combination mecillinam : ampicillin in the ratio 4:5 showed an antibacterial activity comparable to that of new beta-lactam compounds such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
67,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0007554",
"name": "cefotaxime",
"pos": [
146,
156
]
} |
the combination mecillinam : ampicillin in the ratio 4:5 showed an antibacterial activity comparable to that of new beta-lactam compounds such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
67,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0007559",
"name": "ceftazidime",
"pos": [
161,
172
]
} |
considerable arterial s. vulgaris burdens were seen in three groups of ponies which were treated with an anthelmintic in july without a move to clean pasture , and in another group of ponies in 1984 , which was set stocked on a pasture used for horses in 1983 and which was treated with an anthelmintic ( albendazole ) 2 days before turnout in april and subsequently in may , june and july . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003158",
"name": "anthelmintic",
"pos": [
105,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C0001911",
"name": "albendazole",
"pos": [
305,
316
]
} |
the electrophysiologic effects of the new antiarrhythmic drug , propafenone , were evaluated in anesthetized closed-chest dogs and on isolated cardiac tissues with the microelectrode technique . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
42,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0033429",
"name": "propafenone",
"pos": [
64,
75
]
} |
and the antiarrhythmic properties of propafenone may include removal of apd disparity by selective shortening of purkinje fiber and not of ventricular muscle apd . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
8,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0033429",
"name": "propafenone",
"pos": [
37,
48
]
} |
moreover , hypokalemia is associated with enhanced digitalis toxicity , quinidine-related torsades de pointes , and interference with the antiarrhythmic activity of quinidine . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
138,
152
]
} | {
"id": "C0034414",
"name": "quinidine",
"pos": [
165,
174
]
} |
possible use of microcalorimetry for comparative investigation of antibiotics is exemplified by estimation of the kinetics of the antibacterial effect of netilmicin , sisomycin and gentamycin sulfate on moderately sensitive strains of e. coli and p. aeruginosa . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
130,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0027780",
"name": "netilmicin",
"pos": [
154,
164
]
} |
possible use of microcalorimetry for comparative investigation of antibiotics is exemplified by estimation of the kinetics of the antibacterial effect of netilmicin , sisomycin and gentamycin sulfate on moderately sensitive strains of e. coli and p. aeruginosa . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
130,
143
]
} | {
"id": "C0546866",
"name": "gentamycin sulfate",
"pos": [
181,
199
]
} |
the parameter was used for demonstrating the differences in the antibacterial action of netilmicin , sisomycin and gentamycin sulfate on the strains tested with application of various inoculum sizes and antibiotic concentrations . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
64,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0027780",
"name": "netilmicin",
"pos": [
88,
98
]
} |
the parameter was used for demonstrating the differences in the antibacterial action of netilmicin , sisomycin and gentamycin sulfate on the strains tested with application of various inoculum sizes and antibiotic concentrations . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
64,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0546866",
"name": "gentamycin sulfate",
"pos": [
115,
133
]
} |
of the antifungal agents tested , econazole and miconazole ( at 100 microm ) produced complete release of [ 14c ] aminoisobutyric acid , which is consistent with membrane damage . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal agents",
"pos": [
7,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0013547",
"name": "econazole",
"pos": [
34,
43
]
} |
of the antifungal agents tested , econazole and miconazole ( at 100 microm ) produced complete release of [ 14c ] aminoisobutyric acid , which is consistent with membrane damage . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal agents",
"pos": [
7,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0025942",
"name": "miconazole",
"pos": [
48,
58
]
} |
among the single and combination antimicrobial treatments , metronidazole alone , clindamycin alone , and clindamycin plus penicillin were the most efficacious ( p less than 0.05 ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C1136254",
"name": "antimicrobial",
"pos": [
33,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0025872",
"name": "metronidazole",
"pos": [
60,
73
]
} |
in summary , combination antimicrobial therapy of experimental c. perfringens infection did not improve survival compared to that achieved with metronidazole or clindamycin alone , and some combinations significantly reduced survival ( p less than 0.05 ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C1136254",
"name": "antimicrobial",
"pos": [
25,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0025872",
"name": "metronidazole",
"pos": [
144,
157
]
} |
the in vitro antibacterial activity of generic vancomycin was compared with that of vancocin ( vancomycin hydrochloride ; eli lilly & co. ) using macrotube dilution testing and subculture . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
13,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0042313",
"name": "vancomycin",
"pos": [
95,
105
]
} |
the in vitro antibacterial activity of generic vancomycin was compared with that of vancocin ( vancomycin hydrochloride ; eli lilly & co. ) using macrotube dilution testing and subculture . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
13,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0205992",
"name": "vancomycin hydrochloride",
"pos": [
95,
119
]
} |
therefore , this metabolite could be responsible , at least in part , for some of the antiarrhythmic effects previously attributed to propafenone . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
86,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0033429",
"name": "propafenone",
"pos": [
134,
145
]
} |
the above locomotor deficits were also attenuated by chronic pretreatment with the antidepressants desipramine and sertraline but not by a single treatment with desipramine or the benzodiazepine anxiolytic drugs chlordiazepoxide and diazepam ; | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
83,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0011685",
"name": "desipramine",
"pos": [
161,
172
]
} |
the 5-phenoxy-substituted analogue 4 , belonging to a new class of antimalarials , showed similar potency in the assays to either 1a or 1b but seemed less cytotoxic than ( +/- ) -primaquine . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003374",
"name": "antimalarials",
"pos": [
67,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0033126",
"name": "primaquine",
"pos": [
179,
189
]
} |
both patients demonstrated sustained improvement with very low-dose neuroleptics , one with haloperidol 0.125 mg and the other with thioridazine 5 mg . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptics",
"pos": [
68,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
92,
103
]
} |
in the present study , five non-beta-lactamase- and five beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae were used to determine whether three different growth media , mueller-hinton broth and agar , brain heart infusion broth and agar , and tryptic soy broth and agar , and their added supplements ( 0.2 % hemin-0.1 % isovitalex , 1 % hemin-1 % isovitalex , 2 % sheep blood , 10 % fildes enrichment , 5 % fildes enrichment , 1 % supplement b , 5 % horse erythrocytes , and 2 % hemoglobin-1 % isovitalex ) would influence the growth rate of this microorganism and the antibacterial activity of eight antibiotics , including ampicillin , tetracycline , chloramphenicol , gentamicin , cefamandole , erythromycin , trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ( tmp-smx ) , and cefoperazone . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
578,
591
]
} | {
"id": "C0002680",
"name": "ampicillin",
"pos": [
634,
644
]
} |
in the present study , five non-beta-lactamase- and five beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae were used to determine whether three different growth media , mueller-hinton broth and agar , brain heart infusion broth and agar , and tryptic soy broth and agar , and their added supplements ( 0.2 % hemin-0.1 % isovitalex , 1 % hemin-1 % isovitalex , 2 % sheep blood , 10 % fildes enrichment , 5 % fildes enrichment , 1 % supplement b , 5 % horse erythrocytes , and 2 % hemoglobin-1 % isovitalex ) would influence the growth rate of this microorganism and the antibacterial activity of eight antibiotics , including ampicillin , tetracycline , chloramphenicol , gentamicin , cefamandole , erythromycin , trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ( tmp-smx ) , and cefoperazone . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
578,
591
]
} | {
"id": "C0008168",
"name": "chloramphenicol",
"pos": [
662,
677
]
} |
in the present study , five non-beta-lactamase- and five beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae were used to determine whether three different growth media , mueller-hinton broth and agar , brain heart infusion broth and agar , and tryptic soy broth and agar , and their added supplements ( 0.2 % hemin-0.1 % isovitalex , 1 % hemin-1 % isovitalex , 2 % sheep blood , 10 % fildes enrichment , 5 % fildes enrichment , 1 % supplement b , 5 % horse erythrocytes , and 2 % hemoglobin-1 % isovitalex ) would influence the growth rate of this microorganism and the antibacterial activity of eight antibiotics , including ampicillin , tetracycline , chloramphenicol , gentamicin , cefamandole , erythromycin , trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ( tmp-smx ) , and cefoperazone . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
578,
591
]
} | {
"id": "C0007552",
"name": "cefoperazone",
"pos": [
770,
782
]
} |
influence of enhanced alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentration on protein binding , pharmacokinetics and antiarrhythmic effect of lidocaine in the dog . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
104,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C0023660",
"name": "lidocaine",
"pos": [
129,
138
]
} |
the pharmacokinetics and the antiarrhythmic effect of lidocaine were studied in healthy dogs on three occasions : before administration of rifampicin , on the 14th day of treatment with rifampicin and 4 weeks after stopping rifampicin treatment . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
29,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0023660",
"name": "lidocaine",
"pos": [
54,
63
]
} |
we conclude that these metabolites and dihydroquinidine may contribute to the antiarrhythmic and/or arrhythmogenic effects of quinidine therapy . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
78,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0034414",
"name": "quinidine",
"pos": [
126,
135
]
} |
many of the compounds exhibited antiarrhythmic properties stronger than quinidine and procainamide , associated with a more favorable ld50/ed50 ratio . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
32,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0034414",
"name": "quinidine",
"pos": [
72,
81
]
} |
many of the compounds exhibited antiarrhythmic properties stronger than quinidine and procainamide , associated with a more favorable ld50/ed50 ratio . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
32,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0033216",
"name": "procainamide",
"pos": [
86,
98
]
} |
compounds 1a ( lr-18,460 , 3- [ 2- [ 2- ( diethylamino ) ethoxy ] phenoxy ] -4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one ) and 1h ( lr-18,795 , 3- [ 2- [ 3- ( dimethylamino ) propoxy ] phenoxy ] -4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one ) were submitted to further antiarrhythmic testing , which confirmed their effectiveness and superiority to quinidine in all the experiments . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
226,
240
]
} | {
"id": "C0034414",
"name": "quinidine",
"pos": [
306,
315
]
} |
in this paper , the effects of three antipsychotic agents using the avian species laboratory model are described . d-amphetamine ( 2-5 mg/kg , s.c. ) dose-dependently antagonized catalepsy induced by haloperidol ( 0.25 mg/kg , i.p . ) , ym-09151-2 ( 0.02-0.04 mg/kg , i.p . ) and ( - ) -sulpiride ( 20-40 mg/kg , i.p . ) in rats . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "antipsychotic agents",
"pos": [
37,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
200,
211
]
} |
the antiarrhythmic efficacies of intravenous quinidine ( q ) , disopyramide ( d ) , prenylamine ( p ) , bepridil ( b ) , and practolol were compared in normokalaemic and dietary-induced hypokalaemic anaesthetised rats . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
4,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0034414",
"name": "quinidine",
"pos": [
45,
54
]
} |
the antiarrhythmic efficacies of intravenous quinidine ( q ) , disopyramide ( d ) , prenylamine ( p ) , bepridil ( b ) , and practolol were compared in normokalaemic and dietary-induced hypokalaemic anaesthetised rats . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
4,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0012702",
"name": "disopyramide",
"pos": [
63,
75
]
} |
effects of diet-induced hypokalaemia on the antiarrhythmic and electrophysiological actions of prolonged oral treatment with either amiodarone or disopyramide in the anaesthetised rat . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
44,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0002598",
"name": "amiodarone",
"pos": [
132,
142
]
} |
effects of diet-induced hypokalaemia on the antiarrhythmic and electrophysiological actions of prolonged oral treatment with either amiodarone or disopyramide in the anaesthetised rat . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
44,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0012702",
"name": "disopyramide",
"pos": [
146,
158
]
} |
in the present study , presynaptic effects of buspirone on dopaminergic metabolism in the nucleus accumbens were investigated , and they were compared to the effects of the classical neuroleptic , haloperidol . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptic",
"pos": [
183,
194
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
197,
208
]
} |
[ double-blind study on 3 antidepressive agents . 2. clinical comparison of noxiptiline , nor-noxiptiline , and amitryptiline using the amp system ] . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressive agents",
"pos": [
26,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "amitryptiline",
"pos": [
112,
125
]
} |
the antibacterial activity of streptomycin in infusion agar plate cultures of e. coli and other bacteria is diminished by anaerobic incubation . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0038425",
"name": "streptomycin",
"pos": [
30,
42
]
} |
on larger dosages a phenothiazine-like blockade of the monoaminergic receptor is added to the blockade of monoamine reuptake thought to be related to the antidepressant action of the drugs.this study thus suggests two possible reasons for a therapeutic failure with nortriptyline : a too low or a too high plasma level . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
154,
168
]
} | {
"id": "C0028420",
"name": "nortriptyline",
"pos": [
266,
279
]
} |
[ interactions between local anesthesia and neuroleptics ( fluphenazine and haloperidol ) studied by rabbit dental pulp stimulation and electromyographic recording ] . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptics",
"pos": [
44,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
76,
87
]
} |
induction of the cytoplasmic petite mutation in saccharomyces cerevisiae by the antibacterial antibiotics erythromycin and chloramphenicol . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0279516",
"name": "antibacterial",
"pos": [
80,
93
]
} | {
"id": "C0008168",
"name": "chloramphenicol",
"pos": [
123,
138
]
} |
the antiepileptic action of diphenylhydantoin ( dph ) has been explained by two different theories : ( a ) that dph stimulates the na-k pump ; | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003299",
"name": "antiepileptic",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0031507",
"name": "dph",
"pos": [
112,
115
]
} |
adrenergic mechanisms in the production of cardiac arrhythmias and in mediating the anti-arrhythmic effect of quinidine . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "anti-arrhythmic",
"pos": [
84,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0034414",
"name": "quinidine",
"pos": [
110,
119
]
} |
these effects are similar to those produced by the standard antiarrhythmic drugs , such as quinidine ; | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic drugs",
"pos": [
60,
80
]
} | {
"id": "C0034414",
"name": "quinidine",
"pos": [
91,
100
]
} |
the antidepressant effects of amitriptyline ( elavil ) were investigated by means of psychiatric assessment and psychological testing of 20 depressed patients who were compared , before and after treatment , with a placebo-treated control group of 14 similar patients . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressant",
"pos": [
4,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "amitriptyline",
"pos": [
30,
43
]
} |
the pharmacology of dehydrobenzperidol , a new potent and short acting neuroleptic agent chemically related to haloperidol . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptic agent",
"pos": [
71,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
111,
122
]
} |
68 patients with rhythmical disorders unresponsive to treatment with one or several antiarrhythmics ( quinidine derivatives 52 patients , amiodarone 28 patients , beta-blockers 24 patients ) were treated by mouth with propafenone , with a mean postponement of 5.6 +/- 8.5 months ( 1 day to 33 months ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmics",
"pos": [
84,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0034414",
"name": "quinidine",
"pos": [
102,
111
]
} |
68 patients with rhythmical disorders unresponsive to treatment with one or several antiarrhythmics ( quinidine derivatives 52 patients , amiodarone 28 patients , beta-blockers 24 patients ) were treated by mouth with propafenone , with a mean postponement of 5.6 +/- 8.5 months ( 1 day to 33 months ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmics",
"pos": [
84,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0002598",
"name": "amiodarone",
"pos": [
138,
148
]
} |
68 patients with rhythmical disorders unresponsive to treatment with one or several antiarrhythmics ( quinidine derivatives 52 patients , amiodarone 28 patients , beta-blockers 24 patients ) were treated by mouth with propafenone , with a mean postponement of 5.6 +/- 8.5 months ( 1 day to 33 months ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmics",
"pos": [
84,
99
]
} | {
"id": "C0033429",
"name": "propafenone",
"pos": [
218,
229
]
} |
susceptibility of bite wound bacteria to seven oral antimicrobial agents , including ru-985 , a new erythromycin : considerations in choosing empiric therapy . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C1136254",
"name": "antimicrobial agents",
"pos": [
52,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0014806",
"name": "erythromycin",
"pos": [
100,
112
]
} |
the effects of six antifungal agents -- amphotericin b , ketoconazole , miconazole , 5-fluorocytosine , bay-n-7133 , and ici 153,066 -- were studied . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal agents",
"pos": [
19,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0002679",
"name": "amphotericin b",
"pos": [
40,
54
]
} |
the effects of six antifungal agents -- amphotericin b , ketoconazole , miconazole , 5-fluorocytosine , bay-n-7133 , and ici 153,066 -- were studied . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal agents",
"pos": [
19,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0022625",
"name": "ketoconazole",
"pos": [
57,
69
]
} |
the effects of six antifungal agents -- amphotericin b , ketoconazole , miconazole , 5-fluorocytosine , bay-n-7133 , and ici 153,066 -- were studied . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal agents",
"pos": [
19,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0025942",
"name": "miconazole",
"pos": [
72,
82
]
} |
the effects of six antifungal agents -- amphotericin b , ketoconazole , miconazole , 5-fluorocytosine , bay-n-7133 , and ici 153,066 -- were studied . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal agents",
"pos": [
19,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0016278",
"name": "5-fluorocytosine",
"pos": [
85,
101
]
} |
the following classes of antimicrobial agents were tested in this high-volume assay procedure : aminocyclitol , beta-lactam , coumarin , lincosaminide , macrolide , naphthalenic ansamycin , paulomycin , peptide , quinolone , and tetracycline . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C1136254",
"name": "antimicrobial agents",
"pos": [
25,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0039644",
"name": "tetracycline",
"pos": [
229,
241
]
} |
an identical pattern of inhibition has been found with the antipsychotic drugs , haloperidol and fluphenazine [ boadle-biber , biochem . pharmac . 31 , 2495 ( 1982 ) ] . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "antipsychotic drugs",
"pos": [
59,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
81,
92
]
} |
combined use of carbamazepine ( unlike valproat-na ) and antidepressants pyrazidole ( pirlindol ) or imipramine increased anticonvulsive and antireserpine activity . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
57,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0020934",
"name": "imipramine",
"pos": [
101,
111
]
} |
the experiments on rats have shown that antidepressant concentrations that cause 50 % inhibition of 14c-na and 3h-ht uptake by brain slices remain unchanged following prolonged administration of antidepressants ( imipramine , pirazidole , harmane and its derivatives -- c-153 , c-307 , c-394 , c-395 ) , as compared to the control . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
195,
210
]
} | {
"id": "C0020934",
"name": "imipramine",
"pos": [
213,
223
]
} |
the other antimalarials tested , chloroquine , amodiaquine , mefloquine , and halofantrine , did not stimulate the release of insulin , an important advantage that should be taken into account when treatment is chosen for plasmodium falciparum malaria . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003374",
"name": "antimalarials",
"pos": [
10,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0008269",
"name": "chloroquine",
"pos": [
33,
44
]
} |
the other antimalarials tested , chloroquine , amodiaquine , mefloquine , and halofantrine , did not stimulate the release of insulin , an important advantage that should be taken into account when treatment is chosen for plasmodium falciparum malaria . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003374",
"name": "antimalarials",
"pos": [
10,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0025153",
"name": "mefloquine",
"pos": [
61,
71
]
} |
the class iii antiarrhythmic activity of sotalol , confirmed in the atrium , is dependent on cycle length and mode of cycle length alteration . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
14,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0037707",
"name": "sotalol",
"pos": [
41,
48
]
} |
according to the modulated receptor hypothesis of antiarrhythmic drug action , lidocaine has a low affinity for rested sodium channels but a high affinity for open and inactivated channels . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
50,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0023660",
"name": "lidocaine",
"pos": [
79,
88
]
} |
comparative g2 fraction perturbations were examined : effects of sodium butyrate on articular chondrocytes , effects of an antineoplastic agent ( soaz ) and an antirheumatic drug ( d-penicillamine ) on hela cells . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003191",
"name": "antirheumatic drug",
"pos": [
160,
178
]
} | {
"id": "C0030817",
"name": "penicillamine",
"pos": [
183,
196
]
} |
however , in the third experiment , effects of apomorphine on total food intake , eating time and eating rate were all blocked by the neuroleptics , pimozide and sulpiride . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptics",
"pos": [
134,
146
]
} | {
"id": "C0031935",
"name": "pimozide",
"pos": [
149,
157
]
} |
the antiepileptic drug sodium valproate ( vpa ) , a short-chain , branched fatty acid , had the same effects on rat and man . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003299",
"name": "antiepileptic drug",
"pos": [
4,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0037567",
"name": "sodium valproate",
"pos": [
23,
39
]
} |
the antiepileptic drug valproic acid ( vpa ) was administered via four different routes in the mouse during gestational stages sensitive for interference with neural tube defect formation : a single oral intubation or injection , sc or ip , on day 8 , or infusion via subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps from day 7 1/2 to 8 1/2 of gestation . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003299",
"name": "antiepileptic drug",
"pos": [
4,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0042291",
"name": "valproic acid",
"pos": [
23,
36
]
} |
to determine reasons for the continuing mortality in patients taking a paracetamol overdose , the presentation , drug ingestion history , patient background , use of antidote ( n-acetylcysteine and methionine ) , clinical course and outcome were determined in 247 patients treated at king 's college hospital in 1982 and 1983 . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003295",
"name": "antidote",
"pos": [
166,
174
]
} | {
"id": "C0001047",
"name": "n-acetylcysteine",
"pos": [
177,
193
]
} |
the effect of the anti-malarial drugs quinine , chloroquine , pyrimethamine , mefloquine and quinacrine on human polymorphonuclear leucocyte ( pmn ) function was examined in vitro . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003374",
"name": "anti-malarial",
"pos": [
18,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0008269",
"name": "chloroquine",
"pos": [
48,
59
]
} |
the effect of the anti-malarial drugs quinine , chloroquine , pyrimethamine , mefloquine and quinacrine on human polymorphonuclear leucocyte ( pmn ) function was examined in vitro . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003374",
"name": "anti-malarial",
"pos": [
18,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0025153",
"name": "mefloquine",
"pos": [
78,
88
]
} |
the overall trend favored the prophylactic use of antiparkinsonian drugs with all neuroleptics , and the effect of this prophylaxis with haloperidol was statistically significant . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptics",
"pos": [
82,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
137,
148
]
} |
twelve antimicrobial agents , ampicillin , aztreonam , cefamandole , cefazolin , cefonicid , ceforanide , ceftazidime , ceftizoxime , ceftriaxone , cefuroxime , ciprofloxacin , and norfloxacin , were prepared at ph 6.80 and 7.31 in microdilution trays for storage at 4 , -10 , -25 , and -70 degrees c and for weekly susceptibility testing . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C1136254",
"name": "antimicrobial agents",
"pos": [
7,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0008809",
"name": "ciprofloxacin",
"pos": [
161,
174
]
} |
twelve antimicrobial agents , ampicillin , aztreonam , cefamandole , cefazolin , cefonicid , ceforanide , ceftazidime , ceftizoxime , ceftriaxone , cefuroxime , ciprofloxacin , and norfloxacin , were prepared at ph 6.80 and 7.31 in microdilution trays for storage at 4 , -10 , -25 , and -70 degrees c and for weekly susceptibility testing . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C1136254",
"name": "antimicrobial agents",
"pos": [
7,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0028365",
"name": "norfloxacin",
"pos": [
181,
192
]
} |
the authors propose that the neuroleptic threshold is a readily available clinical marker which identifies a range of plasma haloperidol levels capable of producing therapeutic response with minimal associated coarse extrapyramidal side effects . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptic",
"pos": [
29,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
125,
136
]
} |
the antihelminthic drug mebendazole ( meb ) has been reported to elevate circulating insulin levels in vivo . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003158",
"name": "antihelminthic drug",
"pos": [
4,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0025023",
"name": "mebendazole",
"pos": [
24,
35
]
} |
we hypothesized that one of the reasons for the particular susceptibility of the lung toward the adverse effects from the antiarrhythmic agent amiodarone ( a ) could be a high pulmonary accumulation of this drug . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic agent",
"pos": [
122,
142
]
} | {
"id": "C0002598",
"name": "amiodarone",
"pos": [
143,
153
]
} |
as regards antiarrhythmic therapy , disopyramide is one of the most effective drugs for patients with supraventricular tachycardias due to the concealed wpw syndrome . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003195",
"name": "antiarrhythmic",
"pos": [
11,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0012702",
"name": "disopyramide",
"pos": [
36,
48
]
} |
the antimalarial drugs quinacrine , primaquine , and quinine are shown to decrease the rate of oxygen consumption of the parasitized erythrocyte suspensions . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003374",
"name": "antimalarial drugs",
"pos": [
4,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0033126",
"name": "primaquine",
"pos": [
36,
46
]
} |
ex vivo receptor binding experiments and measurements of the concentrations of the amine metabolites hva , mopeg-so4 and 5-hiaa were carried out on rat brain tissues to analyse the effects of several neuroleptics ( haloperidol , chlorpromazine , thioridazine , clozapine , fluperlapine ) , antidepressants ( amitriptyline , mianserin , zimelidine ) and other drugs ( pizotifen , ketanserin , prazosin ) on brain aminergic systems . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptics",
"pos": [
200,
212
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
215,
226
]
} |
ex vivo receptor binding experiments and measurements of the concentrations of the amine metabolites hva , mopeg-so4 and 5-hiaa were carried out on rat brain tissues to analyse the effects of several neuroleptics ( haloperidol , chlorpromazine , thioridazine , clozapine , fluperlapine ) , antidepressants ( amitriptyline , mianserin , zimelidine ) and other drugs ( pizotifen , ketanserin , prazosin ) on brain aminergic systems . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003289",
"name": "antidepressants",
"pos": [
290,
305
]
} | {
"id": "C0002600",
"name": "amitriptyline",
"pos": [
308,
321
]
} |
this agent shares neurochemical effects of known antipsychotic agents in its ability to antagonize cerebral dopamine action by competing for ( 3h ) -haloperidol binding of the dopamine receptors and inhibiting limbic and striatal adenylate cyclase in rat brain . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "antipsychotic agents",
"pos": [
49,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
149,
160
]
} |
sch 23390 in neuroleptic doses , ru 24213 ( d2 agonist ) , apomorphine and amphetamine ( mixed d1/d2 agonists ) and haloperidol ( d2 antagonist ) all suppressed the tendency of normal mice to groom , though probably by different mechanisms . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0040615",
"name": "neuroleptic",
"pos": [
13,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0018546",
"name": "haloperidol",
"pos": [
116,
127
]
} |
the orally active antifungals used in superficial disease , ketoconazole and griseofulvin , can be used in conditions unresponsive or inaccessible to topical therapy , such as chronic superficial candidosis and tinea capitis . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungals",
"pos": [
18,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0022625",
"name": "ketoconazole",
"pos": [
60,
72
]
} |
the metabolism of the antifungal drug 5-fluorocytosine ( 5-fc ) was studied in intact viable cells of candida albicans by 19f nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) . | therapeutic_class_of | {
"id": "C0003308",
"name": "antifungal drug",
"pos": [
22,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0016278",
"name": "5-fc",
"pos": [
57,
61
]
} |
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