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in time-course studies of red cells containing oxyhaemoglobin , methaemoglobin or carbonmono-oxyhaemoglobin incubated without glucose and exposed to t-butyl hydroperoxide , haemoglobin oxidation paralleled both lipid peroxidation and t-butyl hydroperoxide consumption . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cells",
"pos": [
26,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobin",
"pos": [
173,
184
]
} |
the amount of lipid peroxidation per increment in added t-butyl hydroperoxide was greatest in red cells containing carbonmono-oxyhaemoglobin , followed in order by oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red",
"pos": [
94,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0030069",
"name": "oxyhaemoglobin",
"pos": [
164,
178
]
} |
the amount of lipid peroxidation per increment in added t-butyl hydroperoxide was greatest in red cells containing carbonmono-oxyhaemoglobin , followed in order by oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red",
"pos": [
94,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0025635",
"name": "methaemoglobin",
"pos": [
183,
197
]
} |
red cells containing oxyhaemoglobin and carbonmono-oxyhaemoglobin and exposed to increasing concentrations of t-butyl hydroperoxide became increasingly resistant to lipid peroxidation as methaemoglobin accumulated , supporting a relatively protective role for methaemoglobin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cells",
"pos": [
0,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0030069",
"name": "oxyhaemoglobin",
"pos": [
51,
65
]
} |
red cells containing oxyhaemoglobin and carbonmono-oxyhaemoglobin and exposed to increasing concentrations of t-butyl hydroperoxide became increasingly resistant to lipid peroxidation as methaemoglobin accumulated , supporting a relatively protective role for methaemoglobin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cells",
"pos": [
0,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0025635",
"name": "methaemoglobin",
"pos": [
260,
274
]
} |
the effects of various antioxidants and free-radical scavengers on lipid peroxidation in red cells or in ghosts plus methaemoglobin exposed to t-butyl hydroperoxide suggested that red-cell haemoglobin decomposed the hydroperoxide by a homolytic scission mechanism to t-butoxyl radicals . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red-cell",
"pos": [
180,
188
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobin",
"pos": [
189,
200
]
} |
the lymphocyte supernatants used for incubating the macrophages contain hep , nonspecific lymphocyte-derived proteins , and in case of sensitized lymphocytes also specific mediators . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocyte",
"pos": [
4,
14
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
146,
157
]
} |
it is likely than impairment of red cell metabolism should be the main factor in the formation of methemoglobin in the first days of life . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red",
"pos": [
32,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0025635",
"name": "methemoglobin",
"pos": [
98,
111
]
} |
examination of eight different rat organs , including prostate secretion , lateral and dorsal prostates , and rat ejaculate , for the presence of the 20k protein by double immunodiffusion analysis revealed that the protein is a rat ventral prostate specific secretory protein . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostates",
"pos": [
94,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0525289",
"name": "prostate",
"pos": [
240,
248
]
} |
a crude hypothalamic extract , a partially purified corticotrophin releasing factor preparation , 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate ( 8br-camp ) , and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine all caused dose-related , repeatable increases of the release of acth-li . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
8,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "corticotrophin releasing factor",
"pos": [
52,
83
]
} |
in these hela tumor cells of human origin , the 2-5a synthetase and protein kinase ( mr 72,000 ) activities were enhanced considerably only after treatment of mice with human fibroblastic ( beta ) interferon . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblastic",
"pos": [
175,
187
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "beta",
"pos": [
190,
194
]
} |
the erythrocytic cofactor atp had no significant effects on the o2 affinities of the hemolysate and the isolated anodal components at physiological ph conditions , but decreased the affinity of the cathodal hb over the entire ph range tested ( 6.5-8.2 ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocytic",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
207,
209
]
} |
initiation of gonadotropin responsiveness in hypothalamic hypogonadism : comparison of pulsatile and continuous nocturnal subcutaneous administration of lh-rh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
45,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lh-rh",
"pos": [
153,
158
]
} |
an enhanced secretion of lh and fsh was observed in two patients with hypothalamic hypogonadism following treatment with nocturnal s.c. administration of lh-rh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
70,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lh-rh",
"pos": [
154,
159
]
} |
exposure of the cells to hypothalamic peptides ( thyrotropin-releasing hormone , gonadotropin-releasing hormone , and somatostatin ) did not alter hcg production . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
25,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gonadotropin-releasing hormone",
"pos": [
81,
111
]
} |
exposure of the cells to hypothalamic peptides ( thyrotropin-releasing hormone , gonadotropin-releasing hormone , and somatostatin ) did not alter hcg production . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
25,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
118,
130
]
} |
thrombin induces saturable platelet binding sites for plasma fibronectin and concurrently stimulates surface expression of a number of platelet alpha-granule constituents including thrombospondin and fibrin which are known to interact with fibronectin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelet",
"pos": [
27,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
181,
195
]
} |
these findings demonstrate that these t lymphoma cell surface molecules do not represent the t cell immunoglobulin receptor for antigen unless gp 70 itself is an antigen receptor . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t",
"pos": [
0,
1
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
93,
99
]
} |
identification of chemoattractant activity for lymphocytes in blister fluid of patients with bullous pemphigoid : evidence for the presence of a lymphokine . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
47,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokine",
"pos": [
145,
155
]
} |
the clonal restriction of cid-1 expression by t cells suggests that the cid-1+ molecule could be a t cell antigen receptor . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cells",
"pos": [
46,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
99,
105
]
} |
the ontogenetic sequence of hemoglobin switching and erythrocyte replacement during erythropoiesis was examined by o-dianisidine histochemistry as well as immunohistochemistry using fitc-antibody probe specific to adult hemoglobins . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
53,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobins",
"pos": [
220,
231
]
} |
hypothalamic amenorrhoea is considered to be the result of a deficient hypothalamic secretion of gn-rh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gn-rh",
"pos": [
97,
102
]
} |
[ soluble active substances formed by lymphocytes and macrophages ; new trends in lymphokine and monokine research ] . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
38,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokine",
"pos": [
82,
92
]
} |
three major conclusions can be drawn from these results : first , that progesterone is a better substrate for prostatic 5 alpha-reductase than testosterone ; | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostatic",
"pos": [
110,
119
]
} | {
"id": "C0039602",
"name": "5 alpha-reductase",
"pos": [
120,
137
]
} |
and third , in hyperplastic prostates , most of the 5 alpha-reductase molecules are located in the stroma . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostates",
"pos": [
28,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0039602",
"name": "5",
"pos": [
52,
53
]
} |
to study the effect of starvation on hypothalamic beta-endorphin and somatostatin ( srif ) concentrations in relation to starvation induced anestrus , groups of 8 rats were fed 50 % of their normal daily chow consumption . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
37,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "srif",
"pos": [
84,
88
]
} |
the results suggest that peptides yet to be identified in thymosin fraction v may play an important role in intrathymic evolution and that t-cell growth factor is possibly a peripheral signal derived from activated t cells that modulates t-cell receptors and may be a critical regulator of intrathymic cellular development . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cells",
"pos": [
215,
222
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t-cell receptors",
"pos": [
238,
254
]
} |
in the studies reported here , we used the measurement of insulin and glucagon released over a 7-day culture period as indices of islet cell viability and examined effects of in vitro exposure to alloxan upon subsequent release of insulin and glucagon from guinea pig ( alloxan-resistant ) and rat ( alloxan-sensitive ) islet cell cultures . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cell",
"pos": [
130,
140
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
231,
238
]
} |
we have investigated the expression of human interferon ( ifn ) -related transcripts in sendai virus-induced lymphoblastoid ( namalwa ) cells and in poly ( i ) x poly ( c ) -induced fibroblast ( fs-4 ) cells by electrophoresis of rna through agarose-ch3hgoh gels followed by ( a ) blot hybridization of the rna using ifn-alpha 1 and ifn-beta 1 cdna probes , and ( b ) translation of the eluted rna into biologically active ifn using the xenopus laevis oocyte assay . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
182,
192
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "ifn-beta",
"pos": [
333,
341
]
} |
provocative tests of hypothalamic-pituitary function were performed in 20 healthy subjects to learn whether the simultaneous testing by three agents -- insulin , thyrotropin-releasing hormone , and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone -- was feasible . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
21,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "luteinizing",
"pos": [
198,
209
]
} |
a spanish merino sheep population is characterized , for the first time , according to its frequencies for a total of nine polymorphic loci : three blood group factor systems , a , b and c , and the following red cell or serum polymorphisms : haemoglobin ( hb ) , carbonic anhydrase ( ca ) , ' x protein ' , transferrin ( tf ) , arylesterase ( esa ) and albumin ( al ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cell",
"pos": [
209,
217
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobin",
"pos": [
243,
254
]
} |
these results show that ( a ) 3-methylhistidine turnover in muscle is less than half the overall rate in both young and adult rats , ( b ) slow 3-methylhistidine turnover reflects the specifically slow turnover of actin compared with myosin heavy chain and other muscle proteins , and ( c ) during growth the synthesis rate of actin is particularly sensitive to the nutritional state and can be increased to a similar rate to that of other proteins . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0026845",
"name": "muscle",
"pos": [
60,
66
]
} | {
"id": "C0026832",
"name": "muscle proteins",
"pos": [
263,
278
]
} |
human hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor ( grf ) : evidence for two forms identical to tumor derived grf-44-nh2 and grf-40 . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
6,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "grf-44",
"pos": [
111,
117
]
} |
these data strongly suggest that the human hypothalamus contains the same major forms of grf that were identified in pancreas tumors responsible for acromegaly in the absence of a pituitary tumor . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
43,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
89,
92
]
} |
when the fibroblast cultures are supplemented with human fibroblast alpha- , beta- , or gamma-interferon at the time of dilution into fresh growth medium , the induction of ornithine decarboxylase is inhibited 61 % , 90 % , and 65 % , respectively . beta-interferon is the most effective type of interferon to inhibit induction of ornithine decarboxylase . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
9,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "beta-interferon",
"pos": [
250,
265
]
} |
this increased growth rate is probably due in part to decreased muscle protein degradation , since evidence was obtained that muscle protein synthesis is decreased by tba and zeranol treatment . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0026845",
"name": "muscle",
"pos": [
64,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0026832",
"name": "muscle protein",
"pos": [
126,
140
]
} |
the effect of lactosylceramide on liver uptake and blood disappearance of the liposomes was effectively counteracted by desialylated fetuin , injected shortly before the liposome dose . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
34,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0002210",
"name": "fetuin",
"pos": [
133,
139
]
} |
erythrocyte reductases , such as 'nadph-methemoglobin reductase ' or soluble nadh-cytochrome b5 reductase ( ec 1.6.2.2 ) , also sustain amine oxidation in the presence of an appropriate electron carrier . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0025635",
"name": "methemoglobin",
"pos": [
40,
53
]
} |
effect of saline incubation on red cell content of glucosylated haemoglobins studied by iso-electric focusing . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cell",
"pos": [
31,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobins",
"pos": [
64,
76
]
} |
within the opossum red cell in vitro , autooxidation of hemoglobin proceeds at a much slower rate than that observed in human erythrocytes . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cell",
"pos": [
19,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
56,
66
]
} |
interactions with immune gamma interferon differentiate the effects of tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin from those of leukocyte alpha and fibroblast beta interferons . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblast",
"pos": [
143,
153
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "beta interferons",
"pos": [
154,
170
]
} |
these patients underwent further evaluation with transrectal prostatic ultrasonography and serum prostate specific antigen determinations . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostatic",
"pos": [
61,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0138741",
"name": "prostate specific antigen",
"pos": [
97,
122
]
} |
13 of 24 ( 54 % ) subjects positive for complement-fixing ica on three or more occasions became insulin dependent , as against 1 of 30 ( 3 % ) with noncomplement-fixing ica alone and 2 of 665 ( 0.3 % ) ica-negative subjects ; | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "ica",
"pos": [
58,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
96,
103
]
} |
the respective mean uptake of 131i in these two groups was 3.8 % and 1.15 % of the administered dose ( p less than 0.002 ) , indicating that ablation of normal thyroid tissue is important to avoid misinterpreting tg findings . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
160,
167
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "tg",
"pos": [
213,
215
]
} |
it had no effect on the rate at which estradiol was cleared from the blood in a 1-h test , however , nor did it affect the pool of assayable gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( gnrh ) in the hypothalamus , the pool of assayable lh in the pituitary , the response of the pituitary to gnrh , or the rate at which lh was cleared from the blood . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
188,
200
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
280,
284
]
} |
since the harvested red cells have a normal 2,3-dpg concentration [ 15 , 18 ] , the decreased oxygen affinity of hemoglobin [ 26 ] that occurs in the recipient after the transfusion of stored blood is thought to be avoidable by intraoperative autotransfusion . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cells",
"pos": [
20,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
113,
123
]
} |
platelets from a patient with a severe lifelong bleeding tendency , which later spontaneously disappeared , lacked intact thrombospondin and glycoprotein ( gp ) ia . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelets",
"pos": [
0,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
122,
136
]
} |
two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analyses of platelet proteins and immunologic studies showed that intact thrombospondin and gp ia were absent . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelet",
"pos": [
48,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
109,
123
]
} |
the inhibitory effect of thrombospondin on platelet binding increases with increasing amounts of the adsorbed protein and reaches maximal values at 65 % saturation of the adsorption of thrombospondin to the surface . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelet",
"pos": [
43,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
185,
199
]
} |
it has been suggested that the development of sickle rbc membrane defects might be related to abnormal amounts of membrane-associated heme ( a term we use in its generic sense to include hemoglobins , hemichromes , and free heme ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbc",
"pos": [
53,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobins",
"pos": [
187,
198
]
} |
when the lymphocytes were assayed for their cytotoxicity against k562 , molt-4 , daudi , and raji tumor cell lines , a broad spectrum of cytotoxicity for these tumor cells was observed , and the lymphocytes also exhibited antibody- and lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and lymphokine-activated killer activity . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
9,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokine",
"pos": [
279,
289
]
} |
however , histoincompatible t cell-b cell conjugates formed by bridging surface immunoglobulin and th cell receptor for antigen ( tcr ) through tnp-conjugated anti-tcr antibodies resulted in the efficient differentiation of tnp-specific b cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
28,
34
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "tcr",
"pos": [
164,
167
]
} |
the addition of anti-tac , anti-cd3 , or anti-okt-11 antibodies to block activation via the interleukin-2 ( il-2 ) , t-cell , or e rosette receptors had a minimal effect on this inductive process . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t-cell",
"pos": [
117,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0108773",
"name": "e rosette receptors",
"pos": [
129,
148
]
} |
balb/c mouse thymoma-derived t cell line , cak4.4 ( thy-1+ , l3t4- , lyt-2- ) , produced a large amount of tcr-gamma mrna , a trace amount of tcr-beta mrna but no detectable level of tcr-alpha mrna . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
29,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "tcr",
"pos": [
183,
186
]
} |
another balb/c mouse thymoma-derived t cell line , cak1.3 ( thy-1+ , l3t4+ , lyt-2+ ) , synthesized a high level of tcr-alpha as well as tcr-beta mrna but did not produce any amount of tcr-gamma mrna . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t",
"pos": [
3,
4
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "tcr",
"pos": [
185,
188
]
} |
here we report that macrophages activated in vivo by infection with bacillus calmette-guerin or in vitro by murine rifn-gamma or murine ifn-alpha/beta ( in the presence of the second signal lps in all cases ) develop inhibition of aconitase and the same two oxidoreductases of the mitochondrial electron transport chain as was documented earlier in target cells of cytotoxic activated macrophages . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024432",
"name": "macrophages",
"pos": [
20,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "ifn",
"pos": [
136,
139
]
} |
the presence of two endogenous forms of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone ( gnrh ) in the chicken hypothalamus ( chicken gnrh-i ( [ gln8 ] gnrh ) and chicken gnrh-ii ( [ his5 , trp7 , tyr8 ] gnrh ) ) , and the stimulation of gonadotrophins by both forms , suggests the possible existence of gnrh receptor subtypes and gonadotroph subtypes in the chicken pituitary . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
96,
108
]
} | {
"id": "C1521753",
"name": "gnrh-i",
"pos": [
156,
162
]
} |
the presence of two endogenous forms of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone ( gnrh ) in the chicken hypothalamus ( chicken gnrh-i ( [ gln8 ] gnrh ) and chicken gnrh-ii ( [ his5 , trp7 , tyr8 ] gnrh ) ) , and the stimulation of gonadotrophins by both forms , suggests the possible existence of gnrh receptor subtypes and gonadotroph subtypes in the chicken pituitary . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
96,
108
]
} | {
"id": "C1531431",
"name": "gnrh-ii",
"pos": [
156,
163
]
} |
the presence of two endogenous forms of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone ( gnrh ) in the chicken hypothalamus ( chicken gnrh-i ( [ gln8 ] gnrh ) and chicken gnrh-ii ( [ his5 , trp7 , tyr8 ] gnrh ) ) , and the stimulation of gonadotrophins by both forms , suggests the possible existence of gnrh receptor subtypes and gonadotroph subtypes in the chicken pituitary . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
96,
108
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
289,
293
]
} |
as a measure of islet cell replication , [ 3h ] thymidine incorporation and dna content was estimated at the same time as parameters for ( pro ) insulin biosynthesis and secretion as a measure of the functional capacity of b cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet",
"pos": [
16,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
145,
152
]
} |
in the response of t cells to foreign antigens , the ligand for the t cell alpha/beta receptor is presented on a cell surface as a fragment of antigen complexed to one of the membrane molecules encoded in the major histocompatibility complex ( mhc ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cells",
"pos": [
19,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0085247",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
68,
74
]
} |
it is postulated that since hypothalamic norepinephrine ( ne ) is known to inhibit corticotropin-releasing hormone ( crh ) , an increase in brain ne as measured by its metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol ( mhpg ) could reflect the depression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ( hpa ) axis as measured by urinary cortisol levels . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
28,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "corticotropin-releasing",
"pos": [
83,
106
]
} |
in vitro induced oxidative damage to normal human rbcs has previously been shown to result in increased membrane rigidity as a consequence of the generation of a protein complex between hemoglobin and spectrin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbcs",
"pos": [
50,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
186,
196
]
} |
a slight but not statistically significant increase of rbc , hb and hct and a plasma concentration during cold exposure was observed . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbc",
"pos": [
55,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
61,
63
]
} |
the relationship between activation of cytolytic t-lymphocyte ( ctl ) clones via the t-cell receptor ( ti ) or the thy-1 molecule was investigated . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t-lymphocyte",
"pos": [
49,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t-cell receptor",
"pos": [
85,
100
]
} |
the structures of the complementary dna ( cdna ) that encode the rat and human hypothalamic lhrh prohormones were recently determined and the corresponding amino acid sequences deduced . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
79,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
92,
96
]
} |
one day after orchidectomy , a small decrease in gap-li and an increase in lhrh-li were evident in extracts of the preopticanterior hypothalamic area which resulted in a significant decrease in the gap/lhrh molar ratio . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
132,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
202,
206
]
} |
in both the hyp and median eminence , gap-li and lhrh-li gradually declined in parallel through 14 days after orchidectomy . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hyp",
"pos": [
12,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
49,
53
]
} |
when rat pancreatic islets were incubated with 10 ( -8 ) m arginine vasopressin in the presence of 15 mm glucose there was a pronounced inhibition of insulin release in comparison with controls . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "pancreatic islets",
"pos": [
9,
26
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
150,
157
]
} |
the enzyme is secreted in a latent form of 72 kda , which can be activated to catalyze the cleavage of the basement membrane macromolecule type iv collagen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
107,
124
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type",
"pos": [
139,
143
]
} |
we postulate a change in hypothalamic-pituitary function with weight loss , such that gnrh-gonadotropin secretion becomes less sensitive to suppression by a given amount of estrogen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
25,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
86,
90
]
} |
our results suggest that il-2 production by normal t cell clones is dependent not only on t cell receptor occupancy , but also on short range costimulatory signals that are provided to different degrees by various non-t accessory cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
51,
57
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t",
"pos": [
218,
219
]
} |
the data are consistent with the idea that lymphadenopathy occurs in mrl-lpr/lpr mice due to increased homing gp90-mel-14 t cells to the pln and that gp90mel-14 is a necessary receptor for the abnormal 6b2+ t cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t",
"pos": [
0,
1
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "receptor",
"pos": [
176,
184
]
} |
to test how f gene expression affects the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone ( gnrh ) concentration in hypothalamic or extrahypothalamic regions of the brain , gnrh was measured by radioimmunoassay in acetic acid extracts of various brain tissues from booroola ewes which were homozygous ( ff ) , heterozygous ( f+ ) or non-carriers ( ++ ) of the f gene . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
100,
112
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
157,
161
]
} |
our studies also demonstrated that nmda increased lh via a direct effect on the hypothalamic release of lhrh since a potent lhrh antagonist competitively inhibited the effects of nmda . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
80,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
124,
128
]
} |
the neurons of the rat hypothalamus which secrete corticotropin-releasing factor were studied by using a pre-embedding immunocytochemical staining technique that improves both the penetration of immunoreagents within the tissue and the preservation of the ultrastructural morphology of labeled structures . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
23,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "corticotropin-releasing factor",
"pos": [
50,
80
]
} |
in the hypothalamus of intact and adrenalectomized rats , colchicine treatment increased the number of corticotropin-releasing factor-immunoreactive granules in the neuronal perikarya and reduced their number in the axons , but both these variations were much more marked in adrenalectomized rats . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
7,
19
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "corticotropin-releasing",
"pos": [
103,
126
]
} |
these findings fit the idea that adrenalectomy markedly stimulates both the synthesis and axonal excretion of secretory granules in the hypothalamic neurons secreting corticotropin-releasing factor . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
136,
148
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "corticotropin-releasing factor",
"pos": [
167,
197
]
} |
culture of newborn islet cells for 3 weeks with media containing high concentrations of glucose ( 16.7 mm ) enhanced insulin release in response to cck-8 . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cells",
"pos": [
19,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
117,
124
]
} |
this contrasts with recent results obtained with gamma-expressing t cell clones and illustrates the functional heterogeneity of the cells bearing the second t cell receptor . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
66,
72
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t cell receptor",
"pos": [
157,
172
]
} |
the authors have established an important pathogenetic role in gaseous metabolism impairment of erythrocyte carboanhydrase , whose activity in the capillary bed in hypocapnia was drastically inhibited , compromising , therefore , the entry of carbon dioxide into erythrocytes , which deteriorated oxyhemoglobin dissociation . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
96,
107
]
} | {
"id": "C0030069",
"name": "oxyhemoglobin",
"pos": [
297,
310
]
} |
the reaction rate of co with rbcs was significantly influenced by photodissociation of carboxyhemoglobin ( cohb ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbcs",
"pos": [
29,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0007061",
"name": "carboxyhemoglobin",
"pos": [
87,
104
]
} |
the so2 and sco values of diluted red cell suspensions were examined by means of a dual-wavelength spectrophotometric method based on the isosbestic points for reduced hb , hbo2 and hbco . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cell",
"pos": [
34,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
182,
184
]
} |
the diffusion barrier between ambient atmosphere and erythrocyte hemoglobin of the gas exchanger ( the vascularized chorioallantoic membrane ) is conveniently divided into two parts by the air space in the fibrous shell membranes ; | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
53,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
65,
75
]
} |
the majority of nk cells in unstimulated peripheral blood and the majority of nk clones express nkh1 and cd2 antigens but do not express cd3 antigen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022688",
"name": "nk",
"pos": [
16,
18
]
} | {
"id": "C0108773",
"name": "cd2 antigens",
"pos": [
105,
117
]
} |
these functional t cell characteristics include ( 1 ) expression of cd2-t11/e rosette receptor antigen , and ( 2 ) utilization of lfa-1 surface antigen to enhance effector cell adhesion to target cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
17,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0108773",
"name": "e",
"pos": [
197,
198
]
} |
as previously demonstrated for t cells , nk cells can be activated through the cd2 molecule and this has recently been shown to result in the enhancement of cytolytic function by these effectors . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t",
"pos": [
20,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0108773",
"name": "cd2 molecule",
"pos": [
79,
91
]
} |
as previously demonstrated for t cells , nk cells can be activated through the cd2 molecule and this has recently been shown to result in the enhancement of cytolytic function by these effectors . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022688",
"name": "nk cells",
"pos": [
41,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0108773",
"name": "cd2 molecule",
"pos": [
79,
91
]
} |
since cd2 can also function as a cell surface ligand for lfa-3 , an antigen expressed on nk targets , the cd2 molecule may be considered as a potential nk receptor structure . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022688",
"name": "nk",
"pos": [
89,
91
]
} | {
"id": "C0108773",
"name": "cd2 molecule",
"pos": [
106,
118
]
} |
the fact that a very small subset of nk cells ( approximately equal to 10 % ) as well as some nk clones ( jt11 ) does not express cd2 argues against a potential role for cd2 as the nk cell receptor . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022688",
"name": "nk",
"pos": [
37,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0382839",
"name": "nk cell receptor",
"pos": [
181,
197
]
} |
in contrast , b cell lines , macrophage-transformed cell lines and fibroblasts were fully protected by both ifn-gamma as well as ifn-alpha/beta following virus infection . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024432",
"name": "transformed cell lines",
"pos": [
40,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "ifn",
"pos": [
129,
132
]
} |
in contrast , b cell lines , macrophage-transformed cell lines and fibroblasts were fully protected by both ifn-gamma as well as ifn-alpha/beta following virus infection . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
67,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "ifn",
"pos": [
129,
132
]
} |
in contrast to the pancreas , neurons in the neurohypophysis and hypothalamus of the rainbow trout and coho salmon contained only sst-14-like and msst-28 ( 1-14 ) -like immunoreactivities , while immunoreactivity to ssst-25 was completely absent . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
65,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "sst-14",
"pos": [
130,
136
]
} |
the secretory evolution of the thymic hormones ( thymulin , thymosin alpha 1 and thymopoietin ) in cultured thymic reticuloepithelial cells ( trec ) was studied by immunocytochemical techniques using monoclonal anti-thymulin or anti-thymosin alpha 1 and polyclonal anti-thymopoietin antibodies ( ab ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040113",
"name": "thymic",
"pos": [
31,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0040105",
"name": "thymopoietin",
"pos": [
270,
282
]
} |
in order to elucidate the possible involvement of the central neuropeptide-y ( npy ) - and adrenocorticotroph hormone ( acth ) -immunoreactive ( ir ) systems in the innervation of hypophysiotrophic crf-synthesizing neurons , immunocytochemical double labelling studies were conducted in the hypothalamus of the rat to localize crf-synthesizing neurons , as well as neuronal fibers exhibiting npy and acth-immunoreactivity , respectively . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
291,
303
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "crf",
"pos": [
327,
330
]
} |
the main signal resides in the matrix of the fixed erythrocyte and may be due to traces of glycogen and to the glycosylation of proteins , especially hemoglobin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
51,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
150,
160
]
} |
there was no correlation either between cc-activity and serum concentrations of thyroglobulin or cc-activity and antibodies to the o-antigen of yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3 , thyroid cytoplasma , thyroglobulin , nuclear factors , streptolysin o , streptococ hyaluronidase , and parietal cells , respectively . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
181,
188
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
202,
215
]
} |
radio-isotope studies with labelled methionine showed that dietary restriction led to an increase in the radioactivity of the liver and a decrease of that of the muscles indicating maintenance of liver protein at the expense of muscle protein . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0026845",
"name": "muscles",
"pos": [
162,
169
]
} | {
"id": "C0026832",
"name": "muscle protein",
"pos": [
228,
242
]
} |
statistical analysis of red cell constants in 1 726 patients over the age of 70 shows that red cell counts , hemoglobin and hematocrits are slightly lower than those in young adults . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cell",
"pos": [
24,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
109,
119
]
} |
the application of the nitroxide radical active esters may be useful in the study of ordered systems as muscle or muscle protein systems . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0026845",
"name": "muscle",
"pos": [
104,
110
]
} | {
"id": "C0026832",
"name": "muscle protein",
"pos": [
114,
128
]
} |
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