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insofar as each lh and uncombined alpha-subunit pulse reflects a lhrh secretory episode , our data indicate that endogenous estrogens tonically restrain the hypothalamic release of lhrh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
157,
169
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
181,
185
]
} |
in view of the fact that the t cell receptor beta-chain locus has been mapped to chromosome 7 , and that the disease ataxia telangiectasia ( at ) is associated both with abnormal t cell function and with chromosomal abnormalities of the same region of chromosome 7 , we investigated the possibility that the polymorphism could demonstrate linkage of the t cell receptor locus to the gene for that disease . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
29,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
354,
360
]
} |
the distribution of growth-hormone-releasing factor ( grf ) immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat : an immunohistochemical study using antisera directed against rat hypothalamic grf . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
185,
197
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
198,
201
]
} |
immunohistochemical methods have been used to chart the distribution of rat hypothalamic growth-hormone-releasing factor ( rhgrf ) immunoreactivity in the brains of normal and colchicine-treated adult albino rats . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
76,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "growth-hormone-releasing factor",
"pos": [
89,
120
]
} |
nylon wool columns eluting lymphocytes from the spleen of mice bearing a clinically evident spontaneous , nonimmunogenic adenocarcinoma of recent origin ( ts/a ) do not display cytotoxic response , release of lymphokines , and proliferation in vitro against ts/a cells , nor do they inhibit ts/a tumor growth in a winn-type neutralization assay in vivo . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
27,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokines",
"pos": [
209,
220
]
} |
when macrophages infected with l. major were primed with listerial antigens , however , the lymphocytes sensitized to listeria induced antiparasitic effects in an apparently lymphokine-independent manner . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
92,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokine",
"pos": [
174,
184
]
} |
dual laser analysis with monoclonal antibodies confirmed that these highly fluorescent cells are monocytes by showing them to be okm1+ , leu dr+ , and anti-monocyte 0.2+ . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0026473",
"name": "monocytes",
"pos": [
97,
106
]
} | {
"id": "C0108768",
"name": "monocyte",
"pos": [
156,
164
]
} |
the increase in polyamine synthesis in the anterior pituitary gland during pro-oestrus appeared not to be related to the preovulatory secretion of lh or prolactin , since neither lh-releasing hormone nor thyrotrophin-releasing hormone ( which induces a secretion of prolactin ) affected pituitary odc activity . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0032008",
"name": "anterior pituitary gland",
"pos": [
43,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0033371",
"name": "prolactin",
"pos": [
266,
275
]
} |
these data suggest that the gonadal steroids reduce gnrh receptors in intact female mice by inhibiting hypothalamic gnrh secretion , and that a certain degree of pituitary exposure to gnrh is required for maintenance of a normal receptor complement . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
103,
115
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
184,
188
]
} |
neurons synthesizing growth hormone releasing factor were detected by immunocytochemistry with specific antiserum against synthetic rat hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
136,
148
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "growth hormone releasing factor",
"pos": [
149,
180
]
} |
further studies on the effects of testosterone on hypothalamic lh-rh and serum lh levels : castration-induced delayed response . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
50,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lh-rh",
"pos": [
63,
68
]
} |
the present study was undertaken to determine the time after castration when the hypothalamus becomes refractory to this feedback action and whether prolongation of exposure to steroids would reinstate the hypothalamic lh-rh response . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
206,
218
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lh-rh",
"pos": [
219,
224
]
} |
data show a marked stimulation of ovarian lhrh-r number following bilateral lesions placed in the major lhrh-containing structures , while pituitary lhrh binding sites are significantly inhibited , indicating impairment in the rate and/or amplitude of endogenous hypothalamic lhrh release . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
263,
275
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
276,
280
]
} |
in the present study we examined : whether the control of lh release involves an interaction between the posterior pituitary and hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( lhrh ) , and whether the elevation of lh seen following posterior lobectomy is due to the removal of a posterior pituitary substance ( s ) which alters anterior pituitary sensitivity to lhrh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
129,
141
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "pituitary",
"pos": [
343,
352
]
} |
in order to block the action of hypothalamic lhrh , a potent lhrh inhibitory analog ( 50 micrograms ) was injected sc two hours prior to removal of the posterior pituitary in estrous rats . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
32,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
61,
65
]
} |
the results are consistent with the hypothesis that lh secretion is controlled by an interaction between hypothalamic lhrh and the posterior lobe of the pituitary , but this interaction does not appear to involve lobectomy-induced changes in anterior pituitary responsiveness to lhrh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
105,
117
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
279,
283
]
} |
utilizing islet amyloid-laden pancreatic tissues from six diabetic cats , we demonstrated substantial immunoreactivity ( peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique ) of the islet amyloid with antiserum to a b chain-rich insulin fraction , but no reactivity with antisera to insulin , glucagon , or somatostatin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet",
"pos": [
10,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
267,
274
]
} |
erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and erythropoietic activity in rabbits with severe bleeding anaemia superimposed in the early post-natal fall in haemoglobin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobin",
"pos": [
148,
159
]
} |
erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate ( 2,3-dpg ) , whole blood haemoglobin ( hb ) , haematocrit ( hct ) , mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration ( mchc ) and reticulocyte percentage ( rt ) were determined before and after bleeding in two groups of suckling chinchilla rabbits . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobin",
"pos": [
121,
132
]
} |
paraffin sections of livers from 20 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were examined by a method using peroxidase antiperoxidase for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein , carcinoembryonic antigen , and ferritin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "livers",
"pos": [
21,
27
]
} | {
"id": "C0002210",
"name": "alpha-fetoprotein",
"pos": [
154,
171
]
} |
interleukin-2 , a lymphocyte-produced hormone or lymphokine , is required to support proliferation of antigen-triggered t lymphocytes and cytotoxic t cells that are considered essential elements for host tumor control . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocyte",
"pos": [
18,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokine",
"pos": [
49,
59
]
} |
lymphocytes isolated from chronically-inflamed tissues were assessed for their ability to produce lymphokines without further stimulation in vitro . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokines",
"pos": [
98,
109
]
} |
comparable results were obtained for the high-km glucokinase-like enzymic activity present in normal pancreatic islets or insulin-producing tumoral cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "pancreatic islets",
"pos": [
101,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
122,
129
]
} |
luminal epithelial cells have varying degrees of mucin production and lumen formation in some regions , while modification of these cells is one mechanism for squamoid and frankly squamous appearances in other areas . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014597",
"name": "epithelial cells",
"pos": [
8,
24
]
} | {
"id": "C0026682",
"name": "mucin",
"pos": [
49,
54
]
} |
serum lh and fsh levels rose from 14:00 h to a peak at 18:00 h , whereas hypothalamic lhrh content suddenly decreased by 18:00 h . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
73,
85
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
86,
90
]
} |
further , if greater than 10 ( -10 ) m pma remains as a contaminant in pma-induced lymphokine preparations , it can mediate lymphokine-like biologic activity , and , therefore , obscure interpretation of experiments involving lymphocyte-lymphokine interactions . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocyte",
"pos": [
226,
236
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokine",
"pos": [
237,
247
]
} |
in order to evaluate the proportions of somatostatin-14 ( s14 ) and somatostatin-28 ( s28 ) released during a stimulus which may be more closely related to the control of growth hormone secretion 'in vivo ' , we studied the molecular forms of somatostatin released from hypothalamic fragments ' in vitro ' , during incubations with different glucose concentrations ( 1.35 and 22mm ) , which we have previously shown to be inversely related to somatostatin release . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
270,
282
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
443,
455
]
} |
the basal level of the follicle-stimulating hormone ( fsh ) , luteinizing hormone ( lh ) and estradiol as well as their response to the administration of the releasing factor of the hypothalamus ( luliberin ) were studied . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
182,
194
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "luliberin",
"pos": [
197,
206
]
} |
concomitant radiation therapy resulted in pronounced changes in the activities of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-ovarian system that manifested themselves in the lowered rate of lh increment in response to the administration of luliberin and the absence of estradiol response to the load . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
86,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "luliberin",
"pos": [
226,
235
]
} |
however , receptors were not detectable in the hypothalamus and were found in low concentration in the caudate-putamen nucleus , two regions containing high amounts of s28 and s14 , suggesting a high occupancy of receptors in these areas by endogenous peptides or an inverse correlation between receptor and peptide concentrations . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
47,
59
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "s14",
"pos": [
176,
179
]
} |
the repression of h19 mrna in neonatal liver occurs several days after the decrease in alpha-fetoprotein mrna , whereas inductions of both mrnas during the differentiation of f9 teratocarcinoma cells into visceral endoderm were identical . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
39,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0002210",
"name": "alpha-fetoprotein",
"pos": [
87,
104
]
} |
contributions of t cell clones to an understanding of the t cell receptor for antigen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
17,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t cell receptor",
"pos": [
58,
73
]
} |
crude placental extracts and each fraction after chromatography were radioimmunoassayed for hcg , alpha hcg and beta hcg in a double antibody , homologous radioimmunoassay system . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0032043",
"name": "placental",
"pos": [
6,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0106132",
"name": "beta hcg",
"pos": [
112,
120
]
} |
diluted blood solutions less 0.5 x 10 ( 4 ) red cells or 15 mg/dl haemoglobin are macroscopically translucent or watery clear . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red cells",
"pos": [
44,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobin",
"pos": [
66,
77
]
} |
con a stimulated lymphocytes from some patients with primary glomerular disease release in vitro a lymphokine , the vascular permeability factor ( vpf ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
17,
28
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lymphokine",
"pos": [
99,
109
]
} |
separation and characterization of two polypeptide chains from the 7s cross-linking domain of basement-membrane ( type iv ) collagen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement-membrane",
"pos": [
94,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv",
"pos": [
114,
121
]
} |
data from our laboratory are reviewed showing that both cell-mediated cytotoxicity , complement-dependent antibody-mediated cytotoxicity , antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity , and complement-augmented antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity may provide mechanisms which kill pancreatic islets during pathogenesis of insulin-dependent ( type i ) diabetes . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "pancreatic islets",
"pos": [
282,
299
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
323,
330
]
} |
monosodium glutamate lesions in rat hypothalamus studied by immunohistochemistry for gonadotropin releasing hormone , neurotensin , tyrosine hydroxylase , and glutamic acid decarboxylase and by autoradiography for [ 3h ] estradiol . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
36,
48
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gonadotropin releasing hormone",
"pos": [
85,
115
]
} |
trimethylamine ( 0.7 mm ) was more efficiently taken up by islet cells than methylamine ( 2.0 mm ) , and yet caused only a modest inhibition of insulin release . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cells",
"pos": [
59,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
144,
151
]
} |
furthermore , there was no serum accumulation of hcg desialylated in its hcg beta carboxy-terminal portion , with or without as-fetuin , and the quantity and pattern of immunoreactive hcg products in liver homogenate were not affected by coinfusion of as-fetuin with hcg . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0023884",
"name": "liver",
"pos": [
200,
205
]
} | {
"id": "C0002210",
"name": "fetuin",
"pos": [
255,
261
]
} |
following treatment with nocturnal , pulsatile , s.c. infusions of lh-rh ( 50 micrograms/night ) for nine nights a twenty-year-old patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism presented a markedly enhanced , biphasic secretion of lh during an lh-rh infusion test ( 200 micrograms lh-rh i.v. , t = 4 hours ) indicating a hypothalamic defect and a deficiency in endogenous lh-rh production . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
318,
330
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lh-rh",
"pos": [
369,
374
]
} |
the r2 antiserum contains islet cell surface antibodies , which mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity against islet cells resulting in a block of glucose induced insulin release . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cells",
"pos": [
114,
125
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
166,
173
]
} |
a mechanism mediated via hypothalamic release of somatostatin or , alternatively , a direct pituitary site of action , can be postulated for the blocking effect of pirenzepine . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
25,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
49,
61
]
} |
basement membrane laminin and type iv collagen in various benign and malignant adnexal tumors of the skin : an immunohistochemical study . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
0,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
30,
46
]
} |
the hypothalamus secretes at least two factors regulating prolactin secretion , a prolactin-releasing factor and a dopaminergic prolactin-inhibiting factor . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "prolactin-releasing factor",
"pos": [
82,
108
]
} |
forty laryngeal carcinomas were studied by immunofluorescence with specific antisera against components of the basement membrane ( type iv collagen and laminin ) as well as antisera against connective tissue antigens ( type v collagen and fibronectin ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
111,
128
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
131,
147
]
} |
also basal blood levels of other islet cell hormones ( insulin , glucagon ) and minerals ( calcium , magnesium ) are unchanged . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cell",
"pos": [
33,
43
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
55,
62
]
} |
both gonadotropins appear to respond to a single releasing factor from the hypothalamus , gnrh , which is sensitive to catecholamine neurotransmitters . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
75,
87
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
90,
94
]
} |
stress is laid on the multiplicity of the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for blood glucose and insulin changes during chronic alcoholic hepatopathy , particularly liver cell damage , hyperglucagonaemia , organic and/or functional islet-cell insufficiency , and peripheral insulin resistance . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet-cell",
"pos": [
235,
245
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
277,
284
]
} |
in order to better understand the method by which etoh depresses plasma lh levels , we have used both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the effects of etoh on hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( lhrh ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
173,
185
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "luteinizing",
"pos": [
186,
197
]
} |
as measured by ria , both saline and etoh-treated rats showed a decrease in hypothalamic lhrh content with a concomitant increase in plasma lh ; | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
76,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
89,
93
]
} |
these data as well as other data obtained from other laboratories indicate that alcohol-induced decreases in lh levels are due to a diminished release rate of hypothalamic lhrh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
159,
171
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
172,
176
]
} |
synthetic hgh-rf44 , hgh-rf40 , hgh-rf1-29 and purified porcine hypothalamic gh-rf caused similar dose-related releases of gh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
64,
76
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "gh-rf",
"pos": [
77,
82
]
} |
t lymphocytes bearing high-affinity t-cell receptors ( tcr ) for self-antigens are clonally deleted during thymus development . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t lymphocytes",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t-cell receptors",
"pos": [
36,
52
]
} |
here , we report the effects of cocaine on ( 1 ) estrous cyclicity and ovulation rates and ( 2 ) the stimulated in vitro release of hypothalamic gnrh and aminergic neurotransmitters directly involved in regulating or modulating gnrh release . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
132,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
228,
232
]
} |
depletion of hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone by neonatal monosodium glutamate treatment reveals an inhibitory effect of betamethasone on growth hormone secretion in adult rats . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
13,
25
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "growth hormone-releasing hormone",
"pos": [
26,
58
]
} |
the difference in plasma gh response to bm pretreatment in control rats and those with lesions of the arcuate nucleus indicates a hypothalamic action of glucocorticoids , presumably on somatostatin and ghrh neurones . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
130,
142
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
185,
197
]
} |
the difference in plasma gh response to bm pretreatment in control rats and those with lesions of the arcuate nucleus indicates a hypothalamic action of glucocorticoids , presumably on somatostatin and ghrh neurones . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
130,
142
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "ghrh",
"pos": [
202,
206
]
} |
male msg-treated rats had lower body weight ( -25 % ) and reduced hypothalamic ghrh ( -89 % ) and pituitary gh content ( -69 % ) compared to male controls . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
66,
78
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "ghrh",
"pos": [
79,
83
]
} |
female rats which had undergone the same neonatal msg treatment ( n = 40 ) when sacrificed 1 week after their male counterparts showed similar reductions in body weight ( -15 % ) , hypothalamic ghrh ( -74 % ) , and pituitary gh ( -67 % ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
181,
193
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "ghrh",
"pos": [
194,
198
]
} |
to clarify the regulatory mechanisms for the secretion of somatostatin ( srif ) from the hypothalamus , the effects of intracerebroventricular ( i.c.v . ) administration of growth hormone-releasing factor ( grf ) and corticotropin-releasing factor ( crf ) on srif secretion into hypophysial portal blood were examined in pentobarbital-anesthetized male rats . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
89,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "srif",
"pos": [
259,
263
]
} |
subsequent exposure of poa-mbh explants to phenylephrine ( phen ) , an alpha-adrenergic agonist , resulted in a slight but statistically insignificant increase in lhrh release from adult explants . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "poa-mbh",
"pos": [
23,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
163,
167
]
} |
glucocorticoids act upon the hypothalamus and pituitary to regulate both corticotropin-releasing factors and adrenocorticotropin ( acth ) in a classical negative feedback loop . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
29,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "corticotropin-releasing factors",
"pos": [
73,
104
]
} |
simultaneous determination of hypothalamic ghrh/ss-like immunoreactivity ( li ) and ghrh/ss mrna levels did not reveal any difference in 14-day-old hypothyroid rats when compared with age-matched controls . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
30,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "ss",
"pos": [
89,
91
]
} |
t cells that express the t cell receptor v beta 5.2 domain react with the class ii major histocompatibility complex ( mhc ) molecule i-e , and v beta 5.2+ t cells are deleted in mouse strains that express i-e glycoproteins . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cells",
"pos": [
0,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t cell receptor",
"pos": [
25,
40
]
} |
these results suggest that tumor-immune lymphocytes are more effective than lak when combined with ril-2 and that caution is necessary in extrapolating findings obtained in artificial metastasis models . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
40,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lak",
"pos": [
76,
79
]
} |
lymphocytes from healthy control individuals , cultured in il-2 under conditions attempting to simulate the in vivo il-2 exposure , function similarly to pbl obtained from patients following il-2 , in that low-level lak activity was significantly boosted by inclusion of il-2 during the cytotoxic assay and the cells also responded with secondary-like kinetics to subsequent il-2 in vitro . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lak",
"pos": [
216,
219
]
} |
additionally , costimulation of nk cells with two anti-cd2 antibodies ( 9-1 and 9.6 ) , which recognize different epitopes on the cd2 molecule , also augmented the inhibitory effect . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022688",
"name": "nk cells",
"pos": [
32,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0108773",
"name": "cd2 molecule",
"pos": [
130,
142
]
} |
to determine the effects of these conditions on the central regulation of gh secretion , we have examined their effects on the hypothalamic regulatory peptides gh-releasing hormone ( gh-rh ) and somatostatin ( srif ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
127,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "gh-rh",
"pos": [
183,
188
]
} |
to determine the effects of these conditions on the central regulation of gh secretion , we have examined their effects on the hypothalamic regulatory peptides gh-releasing hormone ( gh-rh ) and somatostatin ( srif ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
127,
139
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "srif",
"pos": [
210,
214
]
} |
in thyroidectomized rat hypothalamus , a dramatic increase in gh-rh mrna occurred in parallel with a decrease in peptide content . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
24,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "gh-rh",
"pos": [
62,
67
]
} |
epoxygenase products of arachidonic acid are endogenous constituents of the hypothalamus involved in d2 receptor-mediated , dopamine-induced release of somatostatin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
76,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
152,
164
]
} |
the rat hypothalamus is able to synthesize eets from exogenous aa , and 5,6-eet has been found to release the neuropeptide somatostatin ( srif ) from hypothalamic nerve terminals of the median eminence ( me ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
8,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "srif",
"pos": [
138,
142
]
} |
in search of the earliest detectable stage of thyroid heterogeneity we have observed doubling times , tsh dependency , and thyroglobulin production in colonies formed from individual frtl-5 cells growing as monolayers in slide flasks . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
46,
53
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
123,
136
]
} |
these changes were accompanied by a decrease in 86rb+ efflux from islet cells and nearly complete inhibition of insulin release . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cells",
"pos": [
66,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
112,
119
]
} |
il2 mrna was found almost exclusively in the cd4+ subset , indicating that the cd8+ t cells in the lpr mouse are not highly activated through their class i major histocompatibility complex molecules to produce il2 , as could occur if a virus infection was inducing autoimmunity in these mice . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0242629",
"name": "cd8",
"pos": [
79,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0019629",
"name": "class i major",
"pos": [
148,
161
]
} |
prolonged exposure to high glucose levels impairs the ability of pancreatic islets to secrete insulin as a response to that stimulus . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "pancreatic",
"pos": [
65,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
94,
101
]
} |
perifusion of mediobasal-preoptic hypothalami from castrated or intact cockerels with 200 microm naloxone or mediobasal hypothalami from fully fed or fasted cockerels with 10 microm naloxone failed to stimulate the release of lhrh-i . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalami",
"pos": [
34,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C1521753",
"name": "lhrh-i",
"pos": [
226,
232
]
} |
they also indicate that the continuous migration of epithelial cells along the basement membrane of intestinal villi in the mature organ is not accompanied by a significant remodeling of the collagen iv network . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
79,
96
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "collagen iv",
"pos": [
191,
202
]
} |
the results are most consistent with a model where low-density and resting b cell apc display similar amounts of ag/ia molecule complexes capable of being recognized by the tcr on the responding t cells but differ in the provision of costimulatory signals that , together with tcr occupancy , are required for il-2 production . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cells",
"pos": [
195,
202
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "tcr",
"pos": [
277,
280
]
} |
in this report , we show that both tcr+ cells and pre-t cells too immature to express tcr can be induced to express il-2 at high levels . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cells",
"pos": [
54,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "tcr",
"pos": [
86,
89
]
} |
a series of 17 beta-carbamoyl-1,3,5 ( 10 ) -estratriene-3-carboxylic acids has been prepared and evaluated in vitro as inhibitors of human and rat prostatic steroid 5 alpha-reductase ( ec 1.3.1.30 ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostatic",
"pos": [
147,
156
]
} | {
"id": "C0039602",
"name": "steroid",
"pos": [
157,
164
]
} |
a series of unsaturated steroids bearing a 3-carboxy substituent has been prepared and assayed in vitro as inhibitors of human and rat prostatic steroid 5 alpha-reductase ( ec 1.3.1.30 ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostatic",
"pos": [
135,
144
]
} | {
"id": "C0039602",
"name": "steroid 5",
"pos": [
145,
154
]
} |
age and sex dependent differences in the clinical reference values for erythrocyte count ( rbc ) , hemoglobin quantity ( hb ) , hematocrit ( ht ) and other erythrocyte parameters including mcv ( mean corpuscular volume ) , mch ( mean corpuscular hemoglobin ) , mchc ( mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration ) and rdw ( red cell distribution width ) , were calculated by the iterative truncation method with correction ( usui 's method ) using the results from tests on 6,300 patients ' specimens obtained at kyoto university hospital . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbc",
"pos": [
91,
94
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
121,
123
]
} |
for rbc , hb and ht , the data obtained from the individuals below 13 years old showed the normal or sometimes log-normal distribution , but adjustment by the xn-type variable transformation was often necessary to obtain the normal distribution for the data taken from the populations containing individuals over the age of 14 . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbc",
"pos": [
4,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
10,
12
]
} |
for the clinical reference values of rbc , hb and ht , no sex difference was observed below the age of 12 . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbc",
"pos": [
37,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
43,
45
]
} |
in females , age-dependent change of values for rbc , hb and ht was less prominent than in males ; | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbc",
"pos": [
48,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
54,
56
]
} |
during their intrathymic differentiation , t lymphocytes expressing alpha beta t-cell receptors ( tcr ) are negatively and positively selected . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t lymphocytes",
"pos": [
43,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0085247",
"name": "alpha beta",
"pos": [
68,
78
]
} |
we find that when cell preparations containing t lymphocytes are incubated for 30 min at 42 degrees c , a selective proliferation of gamma delta + t cells bearing the gamma delta t-cell antigen receptor follows . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t lymphocytes",
"pos": [
47,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0085246",
"name": "gamma delta t-cell",
"pos": [
167,
185
]
} |
conversely , etoh-treated animals showed significantly lower body and reproductive organ weights than the control animals and although no differences were detected between etoh-treated and control animals with regard to the hypothalamic content of somatostatin ( srif ) , there was a significant increase in the hypothalamic content of growth hormone releasing hormone ( ghrh ) , with a concomitant and significant decrease in the serum concentration of growth hormone ( gh ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
224,
236
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "growth hormone releasing",
"pos": [
336,
360
]
} |
furthermore , the etoh-treated animals showed a significant increase in the hypothalamic content of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone ( lhrh ) with a significant decrease in the serum concentration of luteinizing hormone ( lh ) , but not follicle stimulating hormone ( fsh ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
76,
88
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "luteinizing hormone",
"pos": [
205,
224
]
} |
other factors such as red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate ( 2,3-dpg ) level proportions of adult ( hba ) to fetal ( hbf ) hemoglobins which could affect p50 were also measured . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red blood cell",
"pos": [
22,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobins",
"pos": [
124,
135
]
} |
of 36 patients tested , 71 % had autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and microsomal fraction of the thyroid , 19 % to microsomal fraction alone , and 9.5 % to thyroglobulin alone . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
96,
103
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
155,
168
]
} |
in contrast , ifn-gamma , il-2 and tnf-alpha inhibited the ability of thyroid lymphocytes from patients with graves ' disease and hashimoto 's thyroiditis to synthesize autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase ( tpo ) and thyroglobulin ( tg ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
70,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
218,
231
]
} |
animal models of autoimmune thyroid disease are associated with thyroglobulin ( tg ) as autoantigen whereas in man the autoimmune response to microsomal antigen/thyroid peroxidase ( tpo ) appears to play a major role in thyroiditis . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
28,
35
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
64,
77
]
} |
the effect of suckling on depletion of hypothalamic lhrh from the median eminence ( me ) following ovariectomy ( ovx ) was determined in cattle . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
39,
51
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
52,
56
]
} |
however , the appearance of erythrocyte hemolysate ( erythrolysate ) in lymph was regularly observed after endotoxin infusion , and we demonstrated that erythrolysate ( diluted to contain 10 ( -5 ) m hemoglobin ) was a potent inhibitor of lymphatic pumping in vivo and in vitro . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
28,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
200,
210
]
} |
these results suggest that the ability of tsst-1 to polyclonally activate t cells is dependent on tcr recognition of the intact toxin molecule bound to a nonpolymorphic region ( s ) of the ia molecule resulting in the same activation events induced by ag recognition . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cells",
"pos": [
74,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "tcr",
"pos": [
98,
101
]
} |
intrathymic tolerance results in elimination of t cells bearing self-reactive tcr v beta regions in mice expressing certain combinations of i-e and minor lymphocyte stimulatory ( mls ) phenotypes . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cells",
"pos": [
48,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "tcr",
"pos": [
78,
81
]
} |
in contrast , cd4+ mv-specific t cell clones , which were generated by the same protocol , recognized mv in association with class ii mhc molecules . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039215",
"name": "cd4",
"pos": [
14,
17
]
} | {
"id": "C0019630",
"name": "class ii mhc molecules",
"pos": [
125,
147
]
} |
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