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the norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerve endings in the pancreatic islet can inhibit release of insulin through an alpha-adrenergic action that is blocked by phenoxybenzamine . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "pancreatic islet",
"pos": [
66,
82
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
106,
113
]
} |
repeated equal stimuli with hypothalamic extract , or with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone ( lh-rh ) at concentrations of 2 or 10 ng/ml , resulted in a progressively increasing series of peaks of lh secretion , i.e . a self-potentiating or priming effect . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
28,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "luteinizing hormone releasing hormone",
"pos": [
59,
96
]
} |
hypothalamic-pituitary control of prolactin and lh secretion was tested in young ( 4-6 months ) and aged ( 22-30 months ) male long-evans rats given l-dopa , methyl dopa , lhrh , or stress treatments . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
172,
176
]
} |
at the same time the activity of all the studied enzymes in the muscles of the cross hereford heifers , vice versa , is considerably lower as compared to the black-piebald heifers and coincides with a low gain in live weight and muscular tissue , a more rapid accumulation of glycogen and lipids and a more delayed -- of proteins in the muscular tissue , that evidences for their early maturity . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0026845",
"name": "muscular tissue",
"pos": [
229,
244
]
} | {
"id": "C0026832",
"name": "proteins",
"pos": [
321,
329
]
} |
the functional as well as morphological data at present available suggest a modified thyroid iodine metabolism and an altered composition of the thyroglobulin which may induce abnormalities in colloid proteolysis . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
85,
92
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
145,
158
]
} |
there was no indication that decreased oxygen supply to the bone marrow led to the increased erythrocyte and hb production in patients with arterial hypoxia caused by chronic bronchitis . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
93,
104
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
109,
111
]
} |
the binding of thyroid microsomes by antigen-binding lymphocytes could be blocked by thyroid microsomes but not by thyroid mitochondrial membranes , thyroglobulin or liver microsomes . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
15,
22
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
149,
162
]
} |
the onset of puberty in the female rat : changes in plasma prolactin , gonadotropins , luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( lhrh ) , and hypothalamic lhrh content . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
140,
152
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
153,
157
]
} |
in order to study the sequence of hormonal changes that accompany the onset of puberty in the female rat , immature animals were sacrificed by decapitation between days 32 and 38 , and plasma titers of gonadotropins , prolactin , and lhrh , and the hypothalamic content of lhrh were determined by specific radoimmunoassays ( ria ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
249,
261
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
273,
277
]
} |
plasma lhrh was uniformly low throughout the entire pubertal period , whereas hypothalamic lhrh content declined on the morning of estrus ( day of vaginal opening ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
78,
90
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
91,
95
]
} |
the responsiveness of the hypothalamus to electrochemical stimulation ( ecs ) and of the pituitary to lutenizing hormone-releasing hormone ( lhrh ) was examined following either endogenous lh release or exogenous lh infusion on the afternoon of proestrus in rats that had received nembutal to block the lh surge . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
26,
38
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lutenizing hormone-releasing hormone",
"pos": [
102,
138
]
} |
in 9 healthy subjects the erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate ( 2,3-dpg ) concentration , which modifies the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin , decreased by more than 25 per cent within 60 minutes of the beginning of a fructose infusion ( 0.5 g.kg body weight-1.h-1 ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
26,
37
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "haemoglobin",
"pos": [
127,
138
]
} |
thyroid iodine organification defects : a case with lack of thyroglobulin iodination and a case without any peroxidase activity . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
0,
7
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
60,
73
]
} |
the data indicate that the hypothalamic lhrh is essentail on day 4 of pregnancy for timely implantation of fertilized ova , probably by maintaining lh and , consequently , estrogen secretion . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
27,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
40,
44
]
} |
we suggest that in this patient the leukemic t cells arose from one of the rare t cells bearing a gamma-delta rather than an alpha-beta tcr heterodimeric molecule . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t",
"pos": [
9,
10
]
} | {
"id": "C0085247",
"name": "alpha-beta tcr",
"pos": [
125,
139
]
} |
thus , while spleen and blood lymphocytes responded quickly ( by day 3 ) and gave the highest level of lak activity in response to ril-2 , bone marrow and thymus cells responded only by 7 to 9 days in culture . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "blood lymphocytes",
"pos": [
24,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lak",
"pos": [
103,
106
]
} |
removal or blockade of unstimulated lymphocytes expressing the il-2 receptor tac does not preclude the acquisition of lak function . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "lymphocytes",
"pos": [
36,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lak",
"pos": [
118,
121
]
} |
ifn-gamma also augmented the early expression on cd8+ but not cd4+ lymphocytes of il-2 receptor alpha chain ( tac antigen ) and class ii major histocompatibility antigen ( hla-dr ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039215",
"name": "cd4",
"pos": [
62,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0019630",
"name": "class ii",
"pos": [
128,
136
]
} |
ifn-gamma also augmented the early expression on cd8+ but not cd4+ lymphocytes of il-2 receptor alpha chain ( tac antigen ) and class ii major histocompatibility antigen ( hla-dr ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039215",
"name": "cd4",
"pos": [
62,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0019764",
"name": "hla-dr",
"pos": [
172,
178
]
} |
we report the first definitive evidence that viruses can persist in the thyroid gland , particularly thyroid epithelial cells in which thyroglobulin is synthesized . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
72,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
135,
148
]
} |
physiological evidence suggests that hypothalamic somatostatin ( ss ) inhibits pituitary gh release and that gh acts through a short-loop feedback mechanism to stimulate ss secretion . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
37,
49
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
50,
62
]
} |
using a more purified human liver sepiapterin reductase fraction which gave a lower yield than a crude preparation , adult controls ( n = 8 ) showed a mean erythrocyte pts activity of 17.6 ( range 11.0-29.5 ) microu/g hb . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "erythrocyte",
"pos": [
156,
167
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
218,
220
]
} |
cdna clones completing the nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence of the alpha 1 chain of basement membrane ( type iv ) collagen from mouse . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
94,
111
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv",
"pos": [
114,
121
]
} |
six cdna clones add 3549 nucleotides to the dna sequence of the alpha 1 chain of basement membrane ( type iv ) collagen . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
81,
98
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv",
"pos": [
101,
108
]
} |
in conditioned medium from endothelial cells , two forms of a plasminogen activator-specific inhibitor can be demonstrated : an active form that readily binds to and inhibits plasminogen activators and an immunologically related quiescent form which has no anti-activator activity but which can be activated by denaturation . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0225336",
"name": "endothelial cells",
"pos": [
27,
44
]
} | {
"id": "C0032144",
"name": "plasminogen activators",
"pos": [
175,
197
]
} |
components of the cdw18 leukocyte surface glycoprotein complex ( mo1/lfa-1/gp 150,95 or mac-1 , lfa-1 family ) are required for some adhesion-related functions of human neutrophils ( pmns ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0023516",
"name": "leukocyte",
"pos": [
24,
33
]
} | {
"id": "C0079785",
"name": "mac-1",
"pos": [
88,
93
]
} |
levels of mrna for ifn-beta 2/b cell differentiation factor2/hepatocyte-stimulating factor ( ifn-beta 2 ) in confluent quiescent cultures of human diploid fibroblasts ( fs-4 strain ) are enhanced by tnf , il-1 alpha and beta , platelet-derived growth factor ( pdgf ) and ifn-beta 1 . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
155,
166
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "ifn-beta",
"pos": [
271,
279
]
} |
attachment of small hydrophilic proteins such as human igg is more strongly inhibited by detergents than is the coating of hydrophobic thyroid plasma membrane antigens or thyroglobulin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
135,
142
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
171,
184
]
} |
changes in prostatic 5 alpha-dht and 3 alpha-adiol levels corresponded with changes in 5 alpha-reductase and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase ( 3 alpha-hsor ) activities . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostatic",
"pos": [
11,
20
]
} | {
"id": "C0039602",
"name": "5",
"pos": [
87,
88
]
} |
moreover , in vitro , both nevus cells and melanocytes derived from adult donors display intracellular and extracellular fibronectin , bm-1 proteoglycan , type iv collagen , and laminin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "bm",
"pos": [
135,
137
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv",
"pos": [
155,
162
]
} |
variations in lak activity were observed according to the donor of pbl , while little or no difference was documented in the capacity to elicit lak activity of pbl cultured with 100 or 1,000 u of ril-2/ml . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "pbl",
"pos": [
67,
70
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lak",
"pos": [
144,
147
]
} |
t lymphocytes recognize foreign molecules using the t-cell receptor ( tcr ) , a disulphide-linked heterodimer closely associated with the cd3 polypeptide complex on the cell surface . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t lymphocytes",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t-cell receptor",
"pos": [
52,
67
]
} |
in this study , how rbc size , hemoglobin , and zinc protoporphyrin vary as a function of iron status in a group of children with high lead levels was examined . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "rbc",
"pos": [
20,
23
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hemoglobin",
"pos": [
31,
41
]
} |
gastrin-releasing peptide ( grp ) is localized to hypothalamic neurons and is a potent inhibitor of basal and growth hormone ( gh ) -releasing factor-induced gh secretion in the rat . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
50,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "growth hormone",
"pos": [
110,
124
]
} |
as a more definitive proof of the t-cell nature of these cells , transcripts of the rearranged t cell antigen receptor ( tcr ) beta gene were assessed by northern blot analysis . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t-cell",
"pos": [
34,
40
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t cell antigen receptor",
"pos": [
95,
118
]
} |
the snowbank consisted mainly of glial elements ( gfap+ ) and basement membrane components ( type iv collagen and laminin ) with the predominant cell the muller cell ( mu+ ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membrane",
"pos": [
62,
79
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
93,
109
]
} |
the hypothalamic systems secreting corticotropin-releasing hormone ( crf ) , somatostatin , oxytocin , vasopressin and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( lhrh ) were characterized using immunochemistry , and variations were studied in relation to the recrudescence of testicular activity in the ferret and the mink , two species with opposite photoregulation of their annual reproductive cycles . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "corticotropin-releasing hormone",
"pos": [
35,
66
]
} |
the hypothalamic systems secreting corticotropin-releasing hormone ( crf ) , somatostatin , oxytocin , vasopressin and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( lhrh ) were characterized using immunochemistry , and variations were studied in relation to the recrudescence of testicular activity in the ferret and the mink , two species with opposite photoregulation of their annual reproductive cycles . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
77,
89
]
} |
the hypothalamic systems secreting corticotropin-releasing hormone ( crf ) , somatostatin , oxytocin , vasopressin and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ( lhrh ) were characterized using immunochemistry , and variations were studied in relation to the recrudescence of testicular activity in the ferret and the mink , two species with opposite photoregulation of their annual reproductive cycles . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
4,
16
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone",
"pos": [
119,
156
]
} |
the localization of lhrh-containing perikarya and nerve fibers in the hypothalami of the domestic fowl and japanese quail was investigated by means of the specific immunoperoxidase abc method , using antisera against chicken lhrh-i ( [ gln8 ] -lhrh ) , chicken gnrh-ii ( [ his5-trp7-tyr8 ] -lhrh [ 2-10 ] ) and mammalian lhrh ( [ arg8 ] -lhrh ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalami",
"pos": [
70,
81
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
338,
342
]
} |
and 2 ) bfgf enhanced the response of the cells to rat hypothalamic grf-mediated camp efflux . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
55,
67
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
68,
71
]
} |
fibroblast growth factor is a permissive factor mediating the cellular action of rat hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing factor . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
85,
97
]
} | {
"id": "C0037668",
"name": "growth hormone-releasing factor",
"pos": [
98,
129
]
} |
we have shown that in 44-2c cells , rat hypothalamic grf ( rgrf ) stimulates neurotensin , calcitonin , and somatostatin secretion . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
40,
52
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
60,
63
]
} |
the release and cellular content of ss increased significantly after treatment with rat hypothalamic grf ( rgrf ) , the ed50 for rgrf stimulation of intracellular ss was 1.9 x 10 ( -11 ) m . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
88,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
130,
133
]
} |
the release and cellular content of ss increased significantly after treatment with rat hypothalamic grf ( rgrf ) , the ed50 for rgrf stimulation of intracellular ss was 1.9 x 10 ( -11 ) m . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
88,
100
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "ss",
"pos": [
163,
165
]
} |
3 ) the gh-releasing effect of gal is ultimately exerted via ghrf release , although a mechanism operating to inhibit hypothalamic somatostatin release can not be ruled out ; | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
118,
130
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
131,
143
]
} |
overall , these results clearly demonstrate that although spontaneous pulsatile lhrh release from the hypothalamus of awake unrestrained female and male rabbits is similar , pulses of p4 can activate only the female lhrh neural apparatus , with an apparent latency to peak lhrh release of approximately 50 min . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
102,
114
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
273,
277
]
} |
to test the hypothesis that the functional state of hypothalamic lhrh neurons and pituitary gonadotrophs might alter their radiosensitivity , we determined the experimental conditions under which the gonadotropin response to castration could be impaired by a single dose of cranial irradiation . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
52,
64
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
65,
69
]
} |
blood samples were collected from all hpd ewes on the day before and the day after hpd and on days 1 and 7 of gnrh or saline . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hpd",
"pos": [
38,
41
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
110,
114
]
} |
serum lh concentrations were lower ( p less than 0.05 ) after hpd than before hpd , but were restored to normal ( p greater than 0.05 ) by gnrh replacement . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hpd",
"pos": [
62,
65
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
139,
143
]
} |
serum concentrations of fsh were lower ( p less than 0.05 ) after hpd and were not affected by gnrh replacement . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hpd",
"pos": [
66,
69
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "gnrh",
"pos": [
95,
99
]
} |
we have now assessed the in vitro release rate of lhrh from the medial basal hypothalamus-preoptic area of castrated rats treated with m and/or t as well as the in vivo pituitary lh response to lhrh challenge in similarly treated rats . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
77,
89
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
194,
198
]
} |
the reduced pituitary responsiveness to lhrh in t-plus m-treated rats may be a consequence of either a direct pituitary effect of opiates in conjunction with t or augmented action of hypothalamic neurohumoral agents which may inhibit lh release on their own or antagonize the lh-releasing action of lhrh at the level of pituitary gonadotrophs . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
183,
195
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
299,
303
]
} |
cell attachment and fibrinogen binding properties of platelet and endothelial cell thrombospondin are not affected by structural differences in the 70 and 18 kda protease-resistant domains . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelet",
"pos": [
53,
61
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
83,
97
]
} |
cell attachment and fibrinogen binding properties of platelet and endothelial cell thrombospondin are not affected by structural differences in the 70 and 18 kda protease-resistant domains . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0225336",
"name": "endothelial",
"pos": [
66,
77
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
83,
97
]
} |
structural differences between platelet and endothelial cell thrombospondin ( tbsp ) were found in two protease-resistant domains ( 70 and 18 kda ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelet",
"pos": [
31,
39
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
61,
75
]
} |
structural differences between platelet and endothelial cell thrombospondin ( tbsp ) were found in two protease-resistant domains ( 70 and 18 kda ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0225336",
"name": "endothelial cell",
"pos": [
44,
60
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
61,
75
]
} |
despite these structural differences , platelet and endothelial cell tbsp bound with the same affinity to fibrinogen and mediated the attachment of smooth muscle cells but not of endothelial cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelet",
"pos": [
39,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "tbsp",
"pos": [
69,
73
]
} |
studies on new world hystricomorph rodents have revealed interesting structural divergences in the peptide hormones of the islets of langerhans , particularly with respect to insulin and glucagon . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "of",
"pos": [
116,
118
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
175,
182
]
} |
immature thymocytes and variants of t cell lines lacking one of the tcr.cd3 polypeptide chains fail to express surface receptor and accumulate the other chains intracellularly . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
36,
42
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "tcr",
"pos": [
68,
71
]
} |
a series of basement membranes was immunolabeled for laminin , type iv collagen , and heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the hope of comparing the content of these substances . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membranes",
"pos": [
12,
30
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
63,
79
]
} |
it was proposed that thick basement membranes ( except descemet 's ) contained more laminin and collagen iv but less heparan sulfate proteoglycan than the lamina densa of thin basement membranes . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement membranes",
"pos": [
27,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "collagen iv",
"pos": [
96,
107
]
} |
thus , in contrast to what was previously assumed , wt31 mab also reacts with a functional epitope present on gamma , delta/cd3 t cells , and therefore lack of reactivity with wt31 mab is not always a proper hallmark for tcr-gamma-expressing cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cells",
"pos": [
128,
135
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "tcr",
"pos": [
221,
224
]
} |
we speculate that either an abnormality in hypothalamic crh secretion or corticotrope hypersensitivity to crh might have been responsible for cushing 's syndrome in this patient . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
43,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0010132",
"name": "crh",
"pos": [
106,
109
]
} |
analysis of absolute levels of pan t cells , t4 helper cells , t8 suppressor cells , t4/8 ratio , b cells , and major histocompatibility complex ( mhc ) class ii positive cells showed reductions in these subsets , though these changes did not reach significance . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039215",
"name": "t4",
"pos": [
45,
47
]
} | {
"id": "C0019630",
"name": "major histocompatibility complex",
"pos": [
112,
144
]
} |
chicken breast muscle is usually considered to be a relatively homogeneous white muscle and has therefore been widely used for studies of muscle proteins . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0026845",
"name": "muscle",
"pos": [
15,
21
]
} | {
"id": "C0026832",
"name": "muscle proteins",
"pos": [
138,
153
]
} |
utilizing a specific ria for rat ( r ) grf , hypothalamus and cerebral cortex from adult rat and long term dissociated fetal rat hypothalamic and cerebral cortical cell cultures were investigated for the presence of rgrf immunoreactivity ( ir-grf ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
129,
141
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
243,
246
]
} |
in extracts from long term dissociated cell cultures from fetal hypothalami , 7.3 +/- 7 pg/10 ( 6 ) cells of ir-grf were present and were identical with synthetic rgrf by chromatographic and immunological criteria . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalami",
"pos": [
64,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
164,
167
]
} |
we conclude that ir-grf indistinguishable from synthetic rgrf is present in long term dissociated hypothalamic cell cultures , but is relatively less abundant than in the hypothalamus of the adult rat when compared on the basis of ir-ss . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
171,
183
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "ir-ss",
"pos": [
231,
236
]
} |
we conclude that ir-grf indistinguishable from synthetic rgrf is present in long term dissociated hypothalamic cell cultures , but is relatively less abundant than in the hypothalamus of the adult rat when compared on the basis of ir-ss . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
171,
183
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "ir-ss",
"pos": [
231,
236
]
} |
the increase of the ratio of ir-ss/ir-grf in hypothalamic cell cultures in vitro compared to hypothalamus in vivo suggests that the culture conditions change differentially the expression of ir-ss and ir-grf . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
93,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "ir-ss",
"pos": [
191,
196
]
} |
the increase of the ratio of ir-ss/ir-grf in hypothalamic cell cultures in vitro compared to hypothalamus in vivo suggests that the culture conditions change differentially the expression of ir-ss and ir-grf . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamus",
"pos": [
93,
105
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "grf",
"pos": [
204,
207
]
} |
antigen-specific unresponsiveness lasting at least 2 weeks can be induced in a t cell clone by 24-h pretreatment with mitogenic anti-t cell receptor antibodies . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t",
"pos": [
2,
3
]
} | {
"id": "C0034790",
"name": "t cell receptor",
"pos": [
133,
148
]
} |
interestingly , the percentage of unstimulated monocytes which expressed icam-1 on their surface appeared to vary greatly from person to person although the majority of monocytes did express high levels of icam-1 within their cytoplasm and surface expression could be rapidly induced on most cells by adherence to fibronectin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0026473",
"name": "monocytes",
"pos": [
47,
56
]
} | {
"id": "C0063695",
"name": "icam-1",
"pos": [
206,
212
]
} |
resting t cells showed no evidence of surface or cytoplasmic icam-1 although expression was induced both within the cell and on the membrane as a result of activation with phytohemagglutinin or a combination of okt3 and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cells",
"pos": [
8,
15
]
} | {
"id": "C0063695",
"name": "icam-1",
"pos": [
61,
67
]
} |
when bovine aortic endothelial cells are exposed to heat , the extracellular matrix staining of a fibrillar nature is noticeably decreased , with an increase in the number and degree of fluorescence of focal areas where the punctate granule thrombospondin structures are highly localized . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0225336",
"name": "endothelial cells",
"pos": [
19,
36
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
241,
255
]
} |
the hypothesis that insulin hypoglycemia-induced gh release is mediated by a decrease in hypothalamic somatostatin ( srih ) secretion was tested by investigating whether insulin administration enhanced the responses of srih-sensitive pituitary hormones to hypothalamic hormone stimulation . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
89,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C0037659",
"name": "somatostatin",
"pos": [
102,
114
]
} |
glutamate is rather ubiquitous in the mammalian central nervous system , and it is still debatable whether the monoclonal antibody to pag from brain mitochondria can distinguish transmitter-related glutaminase from the other metabolism-related ones . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0006104",
"name": "brain",
"pos": [
143,
148
]
} | {
"id": "C0017796",
"name": "glutaminase",
"pos": [
198,
209
]
} |
antiviral action of tumor necrosis factor in human fibroblasts is not mediated by b cell stimulatory factor 2/ifn-beta 2 , and is inhibited by specific antibodies to ifn-beta . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
51,
62
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "ifn-beta",
"pos": [
166,
174
]
} |
taken together , these results support the view that the antiviral action of tnf in human fibroblasts is mediated by ifn-beta , and not by bsf-2/ifn-beta 2 that apparently lacks significant antiviral activity . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0016030",
"name": "fibroblasts",
"pos": [
90,
101
]
} | {
"id": "C0015980",
"name": "ifn-beta",
"pos": [
145,
153
]
} |
we show here that another t cell-surface molecule than cd2 is involved in rosette formation . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039194",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
26,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0108773",
"name": "molecule",
"pos": [
41,
49
]
} |
in pulmonary sarcoidosis , the marked expansion of cd4+ ( helper/inducer ) t cells in the alveolar structures of the lung is maintained by local il-2 release by activated cd4+ hla-dr+ t cells without concomitant expansion and activation of cd8+ ( suppressor/cytotoxic ) t cells , suggesting that sarcoid may be associated with a generalized abnormality of cd8+ t cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0039215",
"name": "cd4",
"pos": [
51,
54
]
} | {
"id": "C0019764",
"name": "hla-dr",
"pos": [
176,
182
]
} |
one of the mechanisms is through the ability of progesterone to induce an increase in the hypothalamic content and release of lhrh . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
90,
102
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "lhrh",
"pos": [
126,
130
]
} |
prostatic acid phosphate ( pap ) , prostate-specific antigen ( psa ) , and beta-microseminoprotein ( beta-msp ) were regularly localized immunohistochemically to the epithelium of the acini and that of the ducts in the nodules of 24 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostatic",
"pos": [
0,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0138741",
"name": "prostate-specific antigen",
"pos": [
35,
60
]
} |
prostatic acid phosphate ( pap ) , prostate-specific antigen ( psa ) , and beta-microseminoprotein ( beta-msp ) were regularly localized immunohistochemically to the epithelium of the acini and that of the ducts in the nodules of 24 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "prostatic",
"pos": [
0,
9
]
} | {
"id": "C0525289",
"name": "beta-microseminoprotein",
"pos": [
75,
98
]
} |
the immunohistochemical distribution of these three prostatic-secreted proteins was also examined , with monoclonal antisera against pap and psa and with polyclonal antisera against pap , psa , and beta-msp , in a series of 40 cases of prostatic adenocarcinomas graded according to the who classification . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "pap",
"pos": [
133,
136
]
} | {
"id": "C0138741",
"name": "psa",
"pos": [
188,
191
]
} |
the immunohistochemical distribution of these three prostatic-secreted proteins was also examined , with monoclonal antisera against pap and psa and with polyclonal antisera against pap , psa , and beta-msp , in a series of 40 cases of prostatic adenocarcinomas graded according to the who classification . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "pap",
"pos": [
133,
136
]
} | {
"id": "C0525289",
"name": "beta-msp",
"pos": [
198,
206
]
} |
highly differentiated ( grade i ) carcinomas showed a high incidence of pap- , psa- , and beta-msp-immunoreactive cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "pap",
"pos": [
72,
75
]
} | {
"id": "C0138741",
"name": "psa",
"pos": [
79,
82
]
} |
as in the normal and hyperplastic prostate parenchyma , highly differentiated ( grade i ) carcinomas were found to contain an almost equal number of pap- , psa- , and beta-msp-immunoreactive cells . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "pap",
"pos": [
149,
152
]
} | {
"id": "C0138741",
"name": "psa",
"pos": [
156,
159
]
} |
when semiquantitatively assessed , the incidence of pap- , psa- , and beta-msp-immunoreactive cells was found to be lower in the moderately and poorly differentiated ( grades ii and iii ) tumors than in the highly differentiated ones ; | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0033572",
"name": "pap",
"pos": [
52,
55
]
} | {
"id": "C0138741",
"name": "psa",
"pos": [
59,
62
]
} |
fusion of transformed thyroid cells to liver cells does not reactivate the reporter under control of the thyroglobulin promoter . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0040132",
"name": "thyroid",
"pos": [
22,
29
]
} | {
"id": "C0040123",
"name": "thyroglobulin",
"pos": [
105,
118
]
} |
in the anterior pituitary gland , there are five phenotypically distinct cell types , including cells that produce either prolactin ( lactotrophs ) or growth hormone ( somatotrophs ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0032008",
"name": "anterior pituitary gland",
"pos": [
7,
31
]
} | {
"id": "C0033371",
"name": "prolactin",
"pos": [
122,
131
]
} |
antibodies directed against various components of basement membrane , including anti-heparan sulfate proteoglycan , type iv collagen , laminin , and fibronectin , were employed . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0004799",
"name": "basement",
"pos": [
50,
58
]
} | {
"id": "C0009333",
"name": "type iv collagen",
"pos": [
116,
132
]
} |
all of the classically-described hypothalamic , hypophysiotropic factors that regulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion have now been isolated and identified except for prolactin releasing factor . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0020663",
"name": "hypothalamic",
"pos": [
33,
45
]
} | {
"id": "C0023610",
"name": "prolactin releasing factor",
"pos": [
173,
199
]
} |
red-cell adenosine deaminase ( ada ) activity in children with diamond-blackfan anaemia is significantly increased ( 1.91 +/- 0.90 u/g hb ) compared to that seen in transient erythroblastopenia of childhood ( 0.80 +/- 0.16 u/g hb ) or normal individuals ( 0.61 +/- 0.13 u/g ) . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0014792",
"name": "red-cell",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
} | {
"id": "C0019046",
"name": "hb",
"pos": [
227,
229
]
} |
at a non-stimulatory concentration of glucose ( 3 mm ) , ( - ) -az-df 265 reversibly inhibited 86rb efflux from islet cells , depolarized the beta-cell membrane , induced electrical activity , stimulated 45ca efflux , and triggered insulin release . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0022131",
"name": "islet cells",
"pos": [
112,
123
]
} | {
"id": "C0021641",
"name": "insulin",
"pos": [
232,
239
]
} |
flow cytometric analysis of il 2 activated pbl using forward and right angle light scatter and fluorescence intensity identified the emergence of a large , optically dense , autofluorescent cell population which paralleled the generation of lak activity . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "pbl",
"pos": [
43,
46
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lak",
"pos": [
241,
244
]
} |
during this culture period , gal but not snl continued to express lak killing against natural killer-resistant tumor targets . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "gal",
"pos": [
29,
32
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lak",
"pos": [
66,
69
]
} |
our data indicate that analysis of il 2 activated pbl using gal light-scattering properties has application in phenotyping lak , monitoring of cellular kinetics , cell sorting , and enrichment of the lak effector population , and in the clinical monitoring of il 2 therapy . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0024264",
"name": "gal",
"pos": [
60,
63
]
} | {
"id": "C0024297",
"name": "lak",
"pos": [
200,
203
]
} |
amino acid composition ( high number of acidic amino acids and cystine ) as well as carbohydrate contents ( 1.3 per cent hexosamine , 0.9 per cent sialic acid and 1.5 per cent hexose ) showed similarity to mammalian platelet thrombospondin . | tissue_is_expression_site_of_gene_product | {
"id": "C0005821",
"name": "platelet",
"pos": [
216,
224
]
} | {
"id": "C0076560",
"name": "thrombospondin",
"pos": [
225,
239
]
} |
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