translation
dict |
---|
{
"en": "So what the experts call \"denial,\" I call \"hope,\" and I'd like to borrow a phrase from my friends in software design. ",
"ja": "ã ããå°éå®¶ã®èšãâåŠèªâããç§ã¯âåžæâãšåŒã³ãããšæããŸãããã®ãã¬ãŒãºããœãããäœãåããããåãããããšæããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "You just redefine denial and hope, and it becomes a feature of being human. ",
"ja": "åŠèªãåžæãšåå®çŸ©ããŸããããããããã°ã人ã§ããçºã®ãå¿
èŠãªæ©èœã«ãªããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "It's not a bug. ",
"ja": "ãã°ã§ã¯ãããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "It's a feature. ",
"ja": "ç§ãã¡ã®æ©èœã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "(Laughter) So we need to think more constructively about this very common, very profound and very powerful human emotion. ",
"ja": "ïŒç¬ïŒããã®èª°ã«ã§ããããæ·±é ã§ã匷åãªäººã®ææ
ã«ããã£ãšå»ºèšçã§ããã¹ãã§ãã匷åãªäººã®ææ
ã«ããã£ãšå»ºèšçã§ããã¹ãã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "It's part of the human condition, and yet our system and our thinking isn't built to accommodate it. ",
"ja": "äººã®æ©èœã®äžéšã§ãããç§ãã¡ã®çµç¹ãæèã¯ããããåãå
¥ããæ§ã«ã¯ãåºæ¥ãŠããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "So Terence told me a story on that long-ago night, and I believed it. ",
"ja": "æã®ãã®å€ã®ããã©ã³ã¹ã®ç©èªããä¿¡ããŠããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "Maybe I wanted to believe it. ",
"ja": "ä¿¡ãããã£ãã®ãããããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "And during Terence's illness, I, we, we wanted to believe the story of our fight together too. ",
"ja": "ãã©ã³ã¹ã®éç
äžãâãå
±ã«éãç©èªããïŒäººãšãä¿¡ãããã£ãã®ã§ããå
±ã«éãç©èªããïŒäººãšãä¿¡ãããã£ãã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Giving up the fight -- for that's how it felt, it felt like giving up -- meant giving up not only his life but also our story, our story of us as fighters, the story of us as invincible, and for the doctors, the story of themselves as healers. ",
"ja": "éãã諊ããã®ã¯ãâããããªæãã§ããããâã圌ã®åœã ãã§ãªããç§ãã¡ã®ç©èªãé士åå¿ã®ç©èªãç§ãã¡ã®ç©èªãé士åå¿ã®ç©èªãç¡æµã®ç§ãã¡ã®ç©èªããããŠæ²»çè
ãšããŠã®ãå»åž«éã®ç©èªãã諊ããäºãªã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "So what do we need? ",
"ja": "ã§ã¯ç§ãã¡ã«äœãå¿
èŠãªã®ã§ãããã"
} |
{
"en": "Maybe we don't need a new piece of paper. ",
"ja": "æ°ããæžé¡ãªããŠãå¿
èŠãªããšæããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "Maybe we need a new story, not a story about giving up the fight or of hopelessness, but rather a story of victory and triumph, of a valiant battle and, eventually, a graceful retreat, a story that acknowledges that not even the greatest general defeats every foe, that no doctor has ever succeeded in making anyone immortal, and that no wife, no matter how hard she tried, has ever stopped even the bravest, wittiest and most maddeningly lovable husband from dying when it was his time to go. ",
"ja": "å¥ã®ç©èªãå¿
èŠãªã®ã§ããéãã諊ãããåžæã®ãªãç©èªã§ãªããéãã諊ãããåžæã®ãªãç©èªã§ãªãã忢ã«éã£ãåå©ãèªãç©èªã忢ã«éã£ãåå©ãèªãç©èªããã®çµæãåªé
ãªãæ€éãããã«å倧ãªå°è»ããå
šãŠã®æµãæã¡ç Žãäºã¯åºæ¥ãŸãããã©ããªå»åž«ãæ£è
ããâãäžæ»èº«ã«ã¯åºæ¥ãŸããã劻ãã©ããªã«é 匵ãããšãã誰ãããåæ¢ã§æ©ç¥ã«å¯ãã ãææã®å€«ã®åœããâãæ»ããæãããšã¯ã§ããªãã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "People did mention hospice, but I wouldn't listen. ",
"ja": "çã¯ãã¹ãã¹ãå§ããŸãããããã§ãç§ã¯ãèãå
¥ããŸããã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "Hospice was for people who were dying, and Terence wasn't dying. ",
"ja": "ãã¹ãã¹ã¯æ»ããç®åã«ããŠãã人ã®çºã§ããã©ã³ã¹ã¯ããã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "As a result, he spent just four days in hospice, which I'm sure, as you all know, is a pretty typical outcome, and we never said goodbye because we were unprepared for the end. ",
"ja": "ãã®çµæãã¹ãã¹ã«ã¯ãïŒæ¥ããããŸããã§ãããçããããåç¥ã®æ§ã«ãâãããããçµæã§ãããâãå¥ããåããããšãããããŸããã§ãããïŒäººãšãçµãããè¿ãããæºåãªã©ããŠããªãã£ãããã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "We have a noble path to curing the disease, patients and doctors alike, but there doesn't seem to be a noble path to dying. ",
"ja": "人ã¯ç
æ°ãæ²»ãããšãåŽé«ãªéã蟿ããŸããããã¯æ£è
ãå»åž«ãåãäºã§ããã§ãæ»ãžã®å°å³ãªãéã¯ããªãããã§ããã§ãæ»ãžã®å°å³ãªãéã¯ããªãããã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Dying is seen as failing, and we had a heroic narrative for fighting together, but we didn't have a heroic narrative for letting go. ",
"ja": "æ»ã¯å€±æã ãšæãããŠããŸããïŒäººã§éã忢ãªç©èªã¯ãããŸããããïŒäººã§éã忢ãªç©èªã¯ãããŸãããã忢ã«å¥ããåãå
¥ããç©èªã¯ããªãã£ãã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "So maybe we need a narrative for acknowledging the end, and for saying goodbye, and maybe our new story will be about a hero's fight, and a hero's goodbye. ",
"ja": "ç§ãã¡ãå¿
èŠãšããŠããç©èªã¯ãçµãããæããå¥ããåããçºã®ç©èªã§ãããã¯è±éã®éããšãå¥ãã®ç©èªãªã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Terence loved poetry, and the Greek poet Constantine Cavafy is one of my favorite poets. ",
"ja": "ãã©ã³ã¹ã¯è©©ãæããŠãŸãããã®ãªã·ã£ã®ãã³ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ãã£ãã¹ã»ã«ãŽã¡ãã£ã¹ã¯ãç§ã®å¥œããªè©©äººã®ïŒäººã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "So I'll give you a couple lines from him. ",
"ja": "ãã®è©©ãæ°è¡ç޹ä»ããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "This is a poem about Mark Antony. ",
"ja": "ãã«ã¯ã¹ã»ã¢ã³ãããŠã¹ã«ã€ããŠã®äœåã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "You know Mark Antony, the conquering hero, Cleopatra's guy? ",
"ja": "åå°ãã«ã¯ã¹ã»ã¢ã³ãããŠã¹ãããåç¥ã§ããããã¯ã¬ãªããã©ã®æäººïŒã"
} |
{
"en": "Actually, one of Cleopatra's guys. ",
"ja": "æäººã®ïŒäººããšèšã£ãæ¹ãããã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "And he's been a pretty good general. ",
"ja": "æèœãªå°è»ã§ã"
} |
{
"en": "He's won all the fights, he's eluded all the people that are out to get him, and yet this time, finally, he's come to the city of Alexandria and realized he's lost. ",
"ja": "ããããæŠãã«åã¡ãâãäœåºŠã屿©ããéãåããŸãããããšããšãæåŸã«ã¯ã蟿ãçãããã¢ã¬ããµã³ããªã¢ã§ãèªåã®æåããåãæ¢ããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "The people are leaving. They're playing instruments. ",
"ja": "åŸãè
ã¯ãªãã鳿¥œãæµãã"
} |
{
"en": "They're singing. ",
"ja": "æãèãããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "And suddenly he knows he's been defeated. ",
"ja": "ãã®ç¬éã«ã圌ã¯èªåã®æåãã"
} |
{
"en": "And he suddenly knows he's been deserted by the gods, and it's time to let go. ",
"ja": "ç¥ã
ãããèŠæšãŠãããããšãç¥ããç¥ã
ãããèŠæšãŠãããããšãç¥ããå»ãæã ãšæãã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "And the poet tells him what to do. ",
"ja": "ãã®æããã®è©©äººã¯åœŒã«ã"
} |
{
"en": "He tells him how to say a noble goodbye, a goodbye that's fit for a hero. ",
"ja": "è±éã«ãµããããã髿œãªå»ãæ¹ãè© ããŸããè±éã«ãµããããã髿œãªå»ãæ¹ãè© ããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "\"As if long-prepared, as if courageous, as it becomes you who were worthy of such a city, approach the window with a firm step, and with emotion, but not with the entreaties or the complaints of a coward, as a last enjoyment, listen to the sounds, the exquisite instruments of the musical troops, and bid her farewell, the Alexandria you are losing.\" ",
"ja": "ããããŠã®èŠæã®æ§ã«ãããããããâãäžåºŠã¯æã«ããããåã«ãµããããéœåžã ãè¶³åããããã«çªèŸºã«é²ã¿ãâããããã«ãã¿ãŠãâãèç
ãªåãããâãèšãèš³ãªã©ãããâãæåŸã®åã³ãšããŠãâãæ¥œéã®åŠãªããâãé³è²ãèããâããããŠåœŒå¥³ã«å¥ããåãããã¢ã¬ããµã³ããªã¢ãããã°ãã"
} |
{
"en": "That's a goodbye for a man who was larger than life, a goodbye for a man for whom anything, well, almost anything, was possible, a goodbye for a man who kept hope alive. ",
"ja": "äŒèª¬çãªåœŒã®å»ãæ¹ã§ãããäœã§ããâãäœããããšèšã£ãŠããçšãå
šãŠãå¯èœã ã£ãïŒäººã®ç·ã«ããµããããæåŸã§ãããåžæãæã¡ç¶ããïŒäººã®ç·ããããå»ãæ¹ã§ããã"
} |
{
"en": "And isn't that what we're missing? ",
"ja": "ãããç§ãã¡ããèŠéããŠããããšã§ã¯ãªãã§ããããïŒã"
} |
{
"en": "How can we learn that people's decisions about their loved ones are often based strongly, powerfully, many times irrationally, on the slimmest of hopes? ",
"ja": "æãã人ã®çµçã«å¯ŸããŠã®æ±ºæããå
šãéåçã§ãâãã¯ããªãæã¿ã«ãåºã¥ããŠãããšãã¯ããªãæã¿ã«ãåºã¥ããŠãããšãã©ãããŠèšããã®ã§ãããã"
} |
{
"en": "The overwhelming presence of hope isn't denial. ",
"ja": "æãé£ãåžæã®ååšã¯ãåŠèªã§ã¯ãããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "It's part of our DNA as humans, and maybe it's time our healthcare system -- doctors, patients, insurance companies, us, started accounting for the power of that hope. ",
"ja": "åžæã¯äººã®DNAã®äžéšã§ãä»ããå»çã·ã¹ãã ãâãå»åž«ãæ£è
ãä¿éºäŒç€ŸããããŠç§ãã¡ããåžæã®åããææ¡ãå§ããæãããããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "Hope isn't a bug. ",
"ja": "åžæã¯ãã°ã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "It's a feature. ",
"ja": "åãã£ãæ©èœã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Thank you. ",
"ja": "ããããšãããããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "(Applause) You know, there's a small country nestled in the Himalayan Mountains, far from these beautiful mountains, where the people of the Kingdom of Bhutan have decided to do something different, which is to measure their gross national happiness rather than their gross national product. ",
"ja": "ïŒææïŒãããã©ã€ã®ãµããšã«é ããããã«ãå°ããªåœããããŸããããã®çŸããå±±ã
ããã¯ãé ãé¢ãããããŒã¿ã³çåœã§ã¯ãã¡ãã£ãšå€ãã£ãããšãããŠããŸããåœæ°ç·å¹žçŠéãå²ãåºããåœæ°ç·çç£(GNP)ã®ä»£ãããšããŠäœ¿ãã®ã§ããåœæ°ç·å¹žçŠéãå²ãåºããåœæ°ç·çç£(GNP)ã®ä»£ãããšããŠäœ¿ãã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "And why not? ",
"ja": "ãªããïŒã"
} |
{
"en": "After all, happiness is not just a privilege for the lucky few, but a fundamental human right for all. ",
"ja": "幞çŠãšã¯ãéã®ããäžæ¡ãã®äººãã¡ã ãã®ãããã«ããããã§ã¯ãªããå
šãŠã®äººã
ãæã€åºæ¬ç人暩ã ããã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "And what is happiness? ",
"ja": "ãããŠãããã§èšã幞çŠãšã¯ïŒã"
} |
{
"en": "Happiness is the freedom of choice. ",
"ja": "幞çŠãšã¯ãéžã¹ãèªç±ã"
} |
{
"en": "The freedom to chose where to live, what to do, what to buy, what to sell, from whom, to whom, when and how. ",
"ja": "èªç±ã«äœãå Žæãéžã³ã奜ããªããšãããŠã奜ããªãã®ãè²·ã£ãŠå£²ãããã¡ããã誰ãšããã€ãã©ãããã売買ãããã®ããèªç±ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Where does choice come from? ",
"ja": "éžæã®æ©äŒã¯ã©ãã«ããã®ã§ãããïŒã"
} |
{
"en": "And who gets to express it, and how do we express it? ",
"ja": "äžäœèª°ãæã«åºæ¥ãŠãã©ããã£ãã䞻匵ã§ããã®ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Well, one way to express choice is through the market. ",
"ja": "éžæã䞻匵ããæ¹æ³ã®1ã€ã¯ãåžå Žã䜿ãããšã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Well-functioning markets provide choices, and ultimately, the ability to express one's pursuit for happiness. ",
"ja": "æ£åžžã«æ©èœããŠããåžå Žã¯ãéžæè¢ãçã¿ããã®çµæãããã«åå ãã人ã
ã¯ãèªç±ã«å¹žçŠãæ±ããããšãåºæ¥ãã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "The great Indian economist, Amartya Sen, was awarded the Nobel prize for demonstrating that famine is not so much about the availability of food supply, but rather the ability to acquire or entitle oneself to that food through the market. ",
"ja": "å倧ãªã€ã³ãã®çµæžåŠè
ã¢ãã«ãã£ã¢ã»ã»ã³ããããŒãã«è³ãåè³ããã®ã¯ã飢é¥ã®åå ãã飿äŸçµŠã®æ¯æžã§ã¯ãªãã人ã
ãåžå Žã«åå ããŠã飿ãæã«å
¥ããããšãåºæ¥ãªããïŒãæ£åžžã«æ©èœããŠããªãåžå Žãåé¡ãªã®ã ããšçºè¡šããããã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "In 1984, in what can only be considered one of the greatest crimes of humanity, nearly one million people died of starvation in my country of birth, Ethiopia. ",
"ja": "1984幎ãäººé¡æå€§ã®ç¯çœªãšãããèšãããã®ãªãäºä»¶ãããã100äžäººãã®äººã
ã逿»ããã®ã¯ãç§ã®çãŸãæ
é·ããšããªãã¢ã§ã®ããšã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Not because there was not enough food -- because there was actually a surplus of food in the fertile regions of the south parts of the country -- but because in the north, people could not access or entitle themselves to that food. ",
"ja": "飿ããªãã£ãã®ã§ã¯ãªããïŒãå®éããšããªãã¢åéšã®è¥ããåœåã§ã¯ãããŸãã»ã©ã®é£æã貯ããŠãããŸããããåéšã®äœæ°ã«ã¯ãåžå Žã«åå ããŠã飿ãæã«å
¥ãããã¹ã¯ãªãã£ãã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "That was a turning point for my life. ",
"ja": "ç§ã®äººçã®ã¿ãŒãã³ã°ãã€ã³ããšãªããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "Most Africans today, by far, are farmers. ",
"ja": "仿¥ãã¢ããªã«ã«äœã人ã
ã®å€§åã¯èŸ²å®¶ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "And most of Africa's farmers are, by and large, small farmers in terms of land that they operate, and very, very small farmers in terms of the capital they have at their disposal. ",
"ja": "ãããŠã¢ããªã«ã®èŸ²å®¶ã®ã»ãšãã©ã¯ãå°ããªåå°ãèãããšãŠãå°èŠæš¡ãªè³æ¬ãããšã«ç掻ããŠããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "African agriculture today is among, or is, the most under-capitalized in the world. ",
"ja": "ã¢ããªã«ã®èŸ²æ¥ã¯ãäžçã§ãæããè³æ¬åãããŠããªããã®ã®ïŒã€ãšèšããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "Only seven percent of arable land in Africa is irrigated, compared to 40 percent in Asia. ",
"ja": "èãããŠããã®ã¯ãèäœã«é©ããåå°ã®ããã£ãïŒ%ã ãã§ããã¢ãžã¢ã§ã¯40ïŒ
ã«ããªããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "African farmers only use some 22 kilograms of fertilizer per hectare, compared to 144 in Asia. ",
"ja": "ãŸããã¯ã¿ãŒã«æ¯ã«äœ¿çšãããååŠè¥æã¯ãã¢ããªã«ã§ã¯22kgã«ãšã©ãŸããŸãããã¢ãžã¢ã§ã¯144kgã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Road density is six times greater in Asia than it is in rural Africa. ",
"ja": "éè·¯ã®æ°ãæ¯ã¹ããšãã¢ãžã¢ã«ã¯ãã¢ããªã«ã®èŸ²æå°åã®ïŒåãã®æ°ããããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "There are eight times more tractors in Latin America, and three times more tractors in Asia, than in Africa. ",
"ja": "ã¢ããªã«ã«æ¯ã¹ãŠãã©ãã³ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ã¯ïŒåã®ãã¢ãžã¢ã«ã¯ïŒåã®æ°ã®ãã©ã¯ã¿ãŒããããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "The small farmer in Africa today lives a life without much choice, and therefore without much freedom. ",
"ja": "仿¥ãã¢ããªã«ã®å°èŠæš¡èŸ²å®¶ã®ç掻ã«ã¯ãããŸãéžæè¢ããªããããã»ã©èªç±ãšã¯èšããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "His livelihood is predetermined by the conditions of grinding poverty. ",
"ja": "圌ãã®çèšã¯ãè²§å°ã«å§è¿«ããã"
} |
{
"en": "He comes to the market when prices are lowest, with the meager fruits of his hard labor, just after the harvest, because he has no choice. ",
"ja": "圌ãã¯åç©«æçŽåŸã®ç©äŸ¡ãäžçªå®ãææã«ãæžåœã«åããŠæã«å
¥ãããããããªäœç©ã売ãã«åºããããéžæè¢ããªãã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "She comes back to the market some months later, when prices are highest, in what we call the lean season -- when food is scarce -- because she has to feed her family and has no choice. ",
"ja": "ãããŠãã®æ°ãµæåŸã飿ãåºãã€ãå§ãããç©äŸ¡ããã£ãšãé«éš°ããææãèªåã®å®¶æã®ããã®é£ã¹ç©ããè²·ãã«æ¥ãã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "The real question is, how can markets be developed in rural Africa to harness the power of innovation and entrepreneurship that we know exists? ",
"ja": "ããã§ã®çåã¯ãã©ããããåžå Žã確ç«ã§ããã®ããšããããšã§ããã¢ããªã«ã®èŸ²æå°åã«ãååšããã驿°çã§å®æ¥çãªã蟲家ã®ãã¯ãŒã掻ãããåžå Žã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Another notable economist, Theodore Schultz, in 1974 won the Nobel prize for demonstrating that farmers are efficient, but poor. ",
"ja": "ããïŒäººã®èåãªçµæžåŠè
ãã»ãªãã¢ã»ã·ã¥ã«ãã¯1974幎ã«ã蟲家ãå¹ççã§ããã®ã«è²§ããããšãè¿°ã¹ãç ç©¶ã§ãããŒãã«è³ãåè³ããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "Meaning, in fact, that farmers are rational and profit-minded just like everybody else. ",
"ja": "ã€ãŸãã蟲家ãäžè¬åžæ°ãšåãããã«åççã§ãå©çãæ±ããŠããã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Well, we don't need, now, any more Nobel prizes to know that farmers want a fair shake at the market and want to make money, just like everyone else. ",
"ja": "ãã以äžããŒãã«è³ããªããŠãã蟲家ãå¹³çã«åžå Žã«åç»ãããéã皌ããããšæã£ãŠããããšããããšã¯åãããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "And one thing is clear, which is at least now we know that Africa is open for business. ",
"ja": "ãããŠå°ãªããšããçŸæç¹ã§æãããªããšã¯ãã¢ããªã«ã¯ããžãã¹ãå§ããæºåãã"
} |
{
"en": "And that business is agriculture. ",
"ja": "ã§ããŠããããšããããšã蟲æ¥ãšããããžãã¹ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Over two decades ago, the world insisted to Africa that markets must be liberalized, that economies must be structurally adjusted. ",
"ja": "20幎以äžåãäžçäžè«ã¯ã¢ããªã«åžå Žã®èªç±åãšãçµæžã®æ§é èªäœãå€é©ããããšããæ±ããŠããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "This meant that governments were to remove themselves from the business of buying and selling -- which they did rather inefficiently -- and let the private market do its magic. ",
"ja": "ããã¯æ¿åºæ©é¢ãããããŸã§ã«è¡ã£ãŠãããããªãéå¹çãªå£²è²·ãžã®ä»å
¥ããããæ°éåžå Žã«å
šãŠãä»»ããããšããæå³ããŠããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "Well, what happened over the last 25 years? ",
"ja": "ãããã25幎ãã©ããªã£ãã§ãããïŒã"
} |
{
"en": "Did Africa feed itself? ",
"ja": "ã¢ããªã«ã¯èªçµŠèªè¶³ã§ããŠããŸããïŒã"
} |
{
"en": "Did our farmers turn into highly productive commercial actors? ",
"ja": "蟲家ã¯å¹çã®ããå人ã«ãªããŸãããïŒã"
} |
{
"en": "I think we're all in this room, probably, because we know that, in fact, Africa is the only region in the world where hunger and malnutrition are projected to go up over the next 10 years, where the food import bill is now double what it was 20 years ago, where food production per capita has stagnated, and where fertilizer use has declined rather than increased. ",
"ja": "ç§ãã¡ããä»ãããããŠéãŸã£ãŠããã®ã¯ããã£ãšãã¢ããªã«ãäžçã§å¯äžãä»åŸ10幎éã§è²§å°ãšæ é€äžè¯ããå¢å ããå Žæãšãç¥ã£ãŠããããã§ããããçŸåšã飿ã®èŒžå
¥ã«ãããè²»çšã¯ã20幎åã®2åã«ãäžã£ãŠãããäžäººåœããã®é£æèªçµŠçã«ã¯å€åããªããååŠè¥æã®äœ¿çšçã¯äžæããã©ããããæžã£ãŠããã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "So why didn't agriculture markets perform to expectations? ",
"ja": "ãªã蟲æ¥åžå Žã¯ãåœæã®äºæ³éãã«æé·ããªãã£ãã®ãïŒã"
} |
{
"en": "The market reforms prompted by the West -- and I've spent some 15 years traveling around the continent doing research on agricultural markets, and have interviewed traders in 10 to 15 countries in this continent, hundreds of traders -- trying to understand what went wrong with our market reform. ",
"ja": "西æŽããä¿ãããåžå Žæ¹é©ã«ã€ããŠã15幎éã倧éžå
šåãé£ã³åãã蟲æ¥åžå Žã«ã€ããŠã10ïœ15ã®åœã
ã§ãäœçŸäººãã®æ¥è
ãã話ãèããã©ãã§äœãééã£ãã®ãã調ã¹ãŠããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "And it seems to me that the reforms might have thrown the baby out with the bath water. ",
"ja": "æåŸ
ããããã®åžå Žæ¹é©ã¯ãã©ãããæ¬æ«è»¢åã ã£ãããã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Like its agriculture, Africa's markets are highly under-capitalized and inefficient. ",
"ja": "ãã®èŸ²æ¥ã®ææ³åæ§ãã¢ããªã«ã®åžå Žã¯è³æ¬åãããŠããããå¹çæ§ã«æ¬ ããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "We know from our work around the continent that transaction costs of reaching the market, and the risks of transacting in rural, agriculture markets, are extremely high. ",
"ja": "調æ»ã®çµæãåãã£ãã®ã¯ãååŒã«ãããè²»çšããå°æ¹ã®èŸ²æ¥åžå Žã«ãŠååŒããéã®ãªã¹ã¯ããéåžžã«é«ããšããããšã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "In fact, only one third of agricultural output produced in Africa even reaches the market. ",
"ja": "å®éãåžå Žã«åºåãã®ã¯ãåç©«éã®ãã£ã1/3ã§ãããããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "Africa's markets are weak not only because of weak infrastructure in terms of roads and telecommunications, but also because of the virtual absence of necessary market institutions, such as market information, grades and standards, and reliable ways to connect buyers and sellers. ",
"ja": "ã¢ããªã«ã®åžå Žçµæžã貧匱ãªçç±ã¯ãéè·¯ãé»è©±åç·ãªã©ã®ãã€ã³ãã©ãç¡ãããã§ã¯ãªããå¿
èŠãšãããŠããåžå Žã®ãä»çµã¿èªäœãååšãããåžå Žæ
å ±ãè©äŸ¡ãåºæºãªã©ã確å®ã«å£²ãæãšè²·ãæãšããã€ãªããæ¹æ³ãç¡ãããã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "Because of this, commodity buyers and sellers typically transact in small circles, in narrow networks of people they know and trust. ",
"ja": "ãã®ããå°èŠæš¡ãªååŒããæãç«ããã«ãåå売買ã¯å人çãªç¥äººããä¿¡çšã§ãã仲éå
ã«éãããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "And because of that, as grain changes hands -- and I've measured that it changes hands four, five times in its trajectory from the farmer to the consumer -- every time it changes hands -- and I've seen this all over rural Africa -- it also changes sacks. ",
"ja": "ãŸããããçç±ã«ãååããçç£è
ããæ¶è²»è
ã®æã«å±ããŸã§ãçŽïŒïœïŒäººã®æããããæž¡ãã ãã§ãªãããã®ãã³ã«ïŒãã¢ããªã«äžã®èŸ²æã§èŠãŸãããããã®è¢ãå€ããã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "And I thought that was incredibly peculiar. ",
"ja": "ãšãŠãããããªäºã ãšæããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "And really realized that that was because -- as traders would tell me over and over -- that's the only way people know what they're getting in terms of the quantity and the product quality. ",
"ja": "ãããäœäººãã®æ¥è
ãããåã話ãèããã¡ã人ã
ã¯ããããããšã§ãããåç©ã®éã質ããèŠå®ããããšãã§ããªãããšããããšã«ãæ°ä»ããã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "And that actually has huge implications for the ability of markets to quickly respond to price signals, and situations where there are deficits, for example. ",
"ja": "ãããŠããã®ããšã¯ãååäžè¶³ãäŸ¡æ Œå€åã®ãµã€ã³ã«ãæ©ãæ°ã¥ã察å¿åºæ¥ããã©ãããšãããåžå Žã®èœåã«å€§ãã圱é¿ããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "It also has very high cost implications. ",
"ja": "äŸ¡æ Œãã®ãã®ã«ãåæ ãããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "I have measured that 26 percent of the marketing margin is simply due to the fact that, because of the absence of grades and standards and market information, sacks have to be constantly changed. ",
"ja": "ç§ã®èšç®ã§ã¯ãããŒãžã³ã26%ã«ããªãã®ã¯ãåã«ååãæ»å®ãããŠããªãã£ãããååã®åºæºãåžå Žæ
å ±ããªãã£ããã§ãç¹°ãè¿ãè¢ãå€ããããããªãããã§ã"
} |
{
"en": "And this leads to very high handling costs. ",
"ja": "çµæçã«ãææ°æããããã§ããã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "For their part, small farmers, who produce the bulk of our agricultural output in Africa, come to the market with virtually no information at all -- blind -- trusting that they're going to have some sort of demand for their produce, and completely at the mercy of the merchants in the only market, the nearest local market they know -- where they're unable to negotiate better prices or reduce their risk. ",
"ja": "ã¢ããªã«ã§çç£ããã蟲ç£ç©ã®ã倧åãã€ããå°èŠæš¡èŸ²å®¶ã¯ãç²ç®çãšããããã»ã©ãäœã®æ
å ±ããªããŸãŸåžå Žã«ãã£ãŠããŸããèªåã®çç£ç©ã«å¯ŸãããéèŠãããã¯ããšä¿¡ããå®å
šã«å人ã®ãªãããŸãŸã®æ¹æ³ã§ãå°åã«å¯äžããå°å
ã®åžå Žã«ãã£ãŠããŠã¯ã倿®µäº€æžãããªã¹ã¯ãäžããããšãã§ããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "Speaking of risk, we have seen that price volatility of food crops in Africa is the highest in the world. ",
"ja": "ãªã¹ã¯ãšããã°ãã¢ããªã«ã®é£çšäœç©ã®å€æ®µã¯äžçã§äžçªãäŸ¡æ Œå€åãæ¿ããã®ã§ãã"
} |
{
"en": "In Africa, small farmers bear the brunt of this risk. ",
"ja": "ã¢ããªã«ã§ã¯å°èŠæš¡èŸ²å®¶ããæããã®ãªã¹ã¯ã«çŽé¢ããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "In fact, in my view, there is no region of the world and no period in history that farmers have been expected to bear the kind of market risk that Africa's farmers have to bear. ",
"ja": "ç§ã®æèŠã§ã¯ãäžçäžã®ã©ã®å°åãæŽå²äžã®ã©ã®æä»£ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠããç§ã®æèŠã§ã¯ãäžçäžã®ã©ã®å°åãæŽå²äžã®ã©ã®æä»£ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠããã¢ããªã«ã®èŸ²å®¶ã»ã©ããªã¹ã¯ãè² ã£ãŠãã人ãã¡ã¯ããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "And in my view, there is simply no place in the world that has grown its agriculture on the kind of risk that our farmers in Africa today face. ",
"ja": "ãŸãäžçäžãæ¢ãããšããŠããã¢ããªã«ã®èŸ²å®¶ã®ãããªããªã¹ã¯ãè² ããªããã«ããŠã蟲æ¥ãçºå±ããäŸã¯ãããŸããã"
} |
{
"en": "In Ethiopia, for example, the variation in maize prices from year to year is as much as 50 percent annually. ",
"ja": "ããšãã°ãšããªãã¢ã§ã¯ããšãããããã®å€æ®µããïŒå¹Žéã«50%ã墿žããŸãã"
} |
{
"en": "This kind of market risk is mind-boggling, and has direct implications for not only the incentives of farmers to invest in higher productivity technology, such as modern seeds and fertilizers, but also direct implications for food security. ",
"ja": "ãã®ãããªåžå Žãªã¹ã¯ã¯ãé©ãã«å€ããã®ã§ãããå¹çãäžããããã®çš®ããè¥æãªã©ã®ãã¯ãããžãŒã«ã蟲家ãæè³ããããšã ãã§ãªãã飿å®å
šä¿éãªã©ã«ãã坿¥ãªé¢ä¿ããããŸãã"
} |
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