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Translate to Arabic | Thank you very much, I appreciate it. | ุดูุฑุง ุฌุฒููุง ููู
ุ ุฃูุฏุฑ ูุฐุง ูุนูุง. |
Translate to Arabic | <reviewer href="http://www.ted.com/profiles/1020352">Thu-Huong Ha</reviewer> | <reviewer href="http://www.ted.com/profiles/122540">Anwar Dafa-Alla</reviewer> |
Translate to Arabic | <translator href="http://www.ted.com/profiles/612126">Carolina Montero</translator> | <translator href="http://www.ted.com/profiles/240645">Jihad Hajjouji</translator> |
Translate to Arabic | </doc> | </doc> |
Translate to Arabic | <doc docid="2" genre="lectures"> | <doc docid="2" genre="lectures"> |
Translate to Arabic | <url>http://www.ted.com/talks/amy_smith_shares_simple_lifesaving_design</url> | <url>http://www.ted.com/talks/amy_smith_shares_simple_lifesaving_design</url> |
Translate to Arabic | <keywords>talks, MacArthur grant, alternative energy, design, engineering, global issues, industrial design, invention, simplicity</keywords> | <keywords>talks, MacArthur grant, alternative energy, design, engineering, global issues, industrial design, invention, simplicity</keywords> |
Translate to Arabic | <speaker>Amy Smith</speaker> | <speaker>Amy Smith</speaker> |
Translate to Arabic | <talkid>2</talkid> | <talkid>2</talkid> |
Translate to Arabic | <title>Amy Smith: Simple designs to save a life</title> | <title>ุงูู
ู ุณู
ูุซ: ุชุตุงู
ูู
ุจุณูุทุฉ ูุฅููุงุฐ ุญูุงุฉ</title> |
Translate to Arabic | <description>TED Talk Subtitles and Transcript: Fumes from indoor cooking fires kill more than 2 million children a year in the developing world. MIT engineer Amy Smith details an exciting but simple solution: a tool for turning farm waste into clean-burning charcoal.</description> | <description>TED Talk Subtitles and Transcript: ุงูุฏุฎุงู ุงูุตุงุนุฏ ู
ู ุงูุฑุงู ุงูุทุจุฎ ุงูู
ูุฒููุฉ ููุฏู ุจุญูุงุฉ ุงูุซุฑ ู
ู 2 ู
ูููู ุทูู ูู ุงูุนุงูู
. ุงูู
ู ุณู
ูุซ, ู
ููุฏุณุฉ ู
ู MIT ุชุดุฑุญ ุชูุงุตูู ุญู ู
ุซูุฑ ููููู ุจุณูุท: ุทุฑููุฉ ูุชุญููู ู
ูู
ูุงุช ุฒุฑุงุนูุฉ ููุญู
ูุญุชุฑู ุจุตูุฑุฉ ูุธููุฉ.</description> |
Translate to Arabic | In terms of invention, I'd like to tell you the tale of one of my favorite projects. | ุจู
ูุงููู
ุงูุฃุฎุชุฑุงุน, ุฃูุฏ ุฃู ุฃุฎุจุฑูู
ูุตุฉ ุฃุญุฏ ู
ุดุงุฑูุนู ุงูู
ูุถูุฉ. |
Translate to Arabic | I think it's one of the most exciting that I'm working on, but I think it's also the simplest. | ุงูู ุฃุนุชูุฏ ุจุฃูู ุฃูุซุฑ ุงูู
ุดุงุฑูุน ุงูู
ุซูุฑุฉ ุงูุชู ุฃุนู
ู ุนูููุง, ููู ููุณ ุงูููุช ุฃุนุชูุฏ ุจุฃูู ุฃุจุณุทูุง. |
Translate to Arabic | It's a project that has the potential to make a huge impact around the world. | ุฅูู ู
ุดุฑูุน ู
ู ุดุฃูู ุฃู ููุญุฏุซ ุชุฃุซูุฑ ุถุฎู
ุญูู ุงูุนุงูู
. |
Translate to Arabic | It addresses one of the biggest health issues on the planet, the number one cause of death in children under five. | ุญูุซ ุฃูู ูุนุงูุฌ ุงุญุฏู ุฃูู
ุงููุถุงูุง ุงูุตุญูุฉ ูู ุงูุนุงูู
, ูุงูุณุจุจ ุงูุฃูู ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงูููุงู ูุฏู ุงูุฃุทูุงู ุฏูู ุณู ุงูุฎุงู
ุณุฉ, |
Translate to Arabic | Which is ...? Water-borne diseases? Diarrhea? Malnutrition? No. | ูุงูุฐู ูู.. ุ ุฃู
ุฑุงุถ ุชูุชูู ุนุจุฑ ุงูู
ูุงู. ุฅุณูุงู. ููุต ุงูุบุฐูุฉ. |
Translate to Arabic | It's breathing the smoke from indoor cooking fires -- acute respiratory infections caused by this. Can you believe that? | ููุง, ุฅูู ุงุณุชูุดุงู ุงูุฏุฎุงู ุงููุงุชุฌ ู
ู ูุงุฑ ู
ูุงูุฏ ุงูุทุจุฎ ุงูู
ูุฒููุฉ -- ู
ุง ูุคุฏู ุงูู ุชููุซ ุฎุทูุฑ ูู ุฌูุงุฒ ุงูุชููุณ. ูู ุชุตุฏููู ุฐููุ |
Translate to Arabic | I find this shocking and somewhat appalling. | ุฃุนุชูุฏ ุจุฃูู ุฃู
ุฑ ูุธูุน, ููู
ูู ุงูููู ุจุฃูู ู
ูุฑุนุจ ุงูู ุญุฏ ู
ุง. |
Translate to Arabic | Can't we make cleaner burning cooking fuels? | ุงูุง ูู
ูููุง ุตูุน ูููุฏ ุทูู ุญูุซ ูุดุชุนู ุจุตูุฑุฉ ูููู ุฃูุซุฑ ุ |
Translate to Arabic | Can't we make better stoves? | ุงูุง ูู
ูููุง ุตูุน ุฃูุฑุงู ุทูู ุฃูุถู ู
ู ุฐููุ |
Translate to Arabic | How is it that this can lead to over two million deaths every year? | ููู ูู
ูู ูุฐูู ุจุฃู ูุณุจุจ 2 ู
ูููู ุญุงูุฉ ููุงุฉ ูู ุณูุฉุ |
Translate to Arabic | I know Bill Joy was talking to you about the wonders of carbon nanotubes, so I'm going to talk to you about the wonders of carbon macro-tubes, So this is a picture of rural Haiti. | ุฃุนูู
ุจุฃู "ุจูู ุฌูู" ุชุญุฏุซ ุงูููู
ุจุฎุตูุต ุนุฌุงุฆุจ "ูุงูู ุฃูุงุจูุจ" ุงููุฑุจูู ูุฐูู ุณุฃููู
ุจุฏูุฑู ุจุงูุชุญุฏุซ ู
ุนูู
ุนู ุนุฌุงุฆุจ "ู
ุงูุฑู ุฃูุงุจูุจ" ุงููุฑุจูู. ุฃู ุงููุญู
. |
Translate to Arabic | Haiti is now 98 percent deforested. | ูุฐู ุตูุฑุฉ ูุงุญุฏู ุงููุฑู ูู "ูุงููุชู". ููุฏ ุชู
ุญุชู ุงูุขู ูุทุน 98% ู
ู ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ "ูุงููุชู". |
Translate to Arabic | You'll see scenes like this all over the island. | ูู
ูููู
ุฃู ุชุฑูุง ู
ุดุงูุฏ ู
ุดุงุจูุฉ ูู ุฌู
ูุน ุฃูุญุงุก ุงูุฌุฒูุฑุฉ. |
Translate to Arabic | It leads to all sorts of environmental problems and problems that affect people throughout the nation. | ููุฐุง ุงูุดูุก ูุคุฏู ุงูู ูู ุฃุตูุงู ุงูู
ุดุงูู ุงูุจูุฆูุฉ ููุฐู ุงูู
ุดุงูู ุจุฏูุฑูุง ุชุคุซุฑ ุนูู ุงูุดุนุจ ููุงู. |
Translate to Arabic | A couple years ago there was severe flooding that led to thousands of deaths -- that's directly attributable to the fact that there are no trees on the hills to stabilize the soil. | ูุจู ุนุฏุฉ ุณููุงุช ุญุฏุซ ููุถุงู ุนููู ุฃุฏู ุจุฃุฑูุงุญ ุงูุขูุงู, ูุงูุฐู ูู
ูู ุฑุจุท ุงูุณุจุจ ูุญุฏูุซู ู
ุจุงุดุฑุฉู ุจุฃูู ูู
ููู ููุงู ุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ุนูู ุงูุชูุงู ูุชุซุจุช ุงูุชุฑุจุฉ. |
Translate to Arabic | So the rains come -- they go down the rivers and the flooding happens. | ุญูููุง ูุทูุช ุงูุฃู
ุทุงุฑ, ูุงู
ุชูุฃุช ุงูุฃููุงุฑ, ูููุฐุง ุญุฏุซ ุงูููุถุงู. |
Translate to Arabic | Now one of the reasons why there are so few trees is this: people need to cook, and they harvest wood and they make charcoal in order to do it. | ุฃู
ุง ุงูุณุจุจ ูุฑุงุก ูุฌูุฏ ุงููููู ู
ู ุงูุฃุดุฌุงุฑ ููู: ุงููุงุณ ุชุฑูุฏ ุฃู ุชุทูู ุทุนุงู
ูุง, ูุฐูู ููู
ููุทุนูู ุงูุฃุดุฌุงุฑ |
Translate to Arabic | It's not that people are ignorant to the environmental damage. | ููุญุตููุง ุนูู ุงููุญู
ููุชู
ูููุง ู
ู ุนู
ู ุฐูู. ูุง ูู
ูู ุงูููู ุจุฃู ูุคูุงุก ุบุงูููู ุนู ุงูุถุฑุฑ ุงูุจูุฆู ุงููุงุฌู
. |
Translate to Arabic | They know perfectly well, but they have no other choice. | ุฅููู
ูุนูู
ูู ุญู ุงูู
ุนุฑูุฉ, ูููู ููุณ ูุฏููู
ุฎูุงุฑุงู ุขุฎุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | Fossil fuels are not available, and solar energy doesn't cook the way that they like their food prepared. | ูููุฏ ุงูู
ุชุญุฌุฑุงุช ุบูุฑ ู
ุชููุฑู, ูุงูุทุงูุฉ ุงูุดู
ุณูุฉ ูุง ุชุทูู ุงูุทุนุงู
ุจุงูุทุฑููุฉ ุงูุชู ููุถููููุง. |
Translate to Arabic | And so this is what they do. | ููุฐุง ูู ุงูุณุจุจ ุงูุฐู ูุฏูุนูู
ููููุงู
ุจุฐูู. |
Translate to Arabic | You'll find families like this who go out into the forest to find a tree, cut it down and make charcoal out of it. | ูู
ููู ุฃู ุชุฌุฏ ุนุงุฆูุงุช ููุฐู, ูุฐูุจูู ุงูู ุงูุบุงุจุฉ ุจุญุซุงู ุนู ุดุฌุฑุฉ, ุญูุซ ูููู
ูู ุจูุทุนูุง ููุญุตููุง ู
ููุง ุนูู ุงููุญู
. |
Translate to Arabic | So not surprisingly, there's a lot of effort that's been done to look at alternative cooking fuels. | ูููุฐุง ูุฃูู ู
ู ุงูู
ุชููุน, ุฃู ุชููุจุฐู ุฌููุฏ ูุจูุฑุฉ ููุจุญุซ ุนู ูููุฏ ุจุฏูู ุจูุฏู ุงูุทูู. |
Translate to Arabic | About four years ago, I took a team of students down to Haiti and we worked with Peace Corps volunteers there. | ูุจู ุญูุงูู ุงูุฃุฑุจุน ุณููุงุช, ูู
ุช ุจุงุตุทุญุงุจ ูุฑูู ู
ู ุงูุทูุจุฉ ุงูู "ูุงููุชู", ููู
ูุง ุจุงูุนู
ู ุณููุฉู ู
ุน ู
ุชุทูุนูู ู
ู "ุฌู
ุงุนุงุช ุงูุณูุงู
" ููุงู. |
Translate to Arabic | This is one such volunteer and this is a device that he had built in the village where he worked. | ูุฐุง ุฃุญุฏ ุงูู
ุชุทูุนูู, ููุฐุง ุฌูุงุฒ ูุงู
ุจุตูุนู ูู ุงููุฑูุฉ ุงูุชู ุนู
ู ูููุง. |
Translate to Arabic | And the idea was that you could take waste paper; you could compress it and make briquettes that could be used for fuel. | ุงูููุฑุฉ ุชููู ุจุฃูู ูู
ููู ุฃู ุชุฃุฎุฐ ูุฑู ู
ูู
ูุงุช ุญูุซ ุชููู
ุจุถุบุทู, ูู
ู ุซู
ุชุตูุน ู
ูู ููุงูุจ ูู
ููู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูุง ููููุฏ. |
Translate to Arabic | But this device was very slow. | ูููู ูุฐุง ุงูุฌูุงุฒ ูุงู ุจุทูุก ุฌุฏุงู. |
Translate to Arabic | So our engineering students went to work on it and with some very simple changes, And they took the briquettes back to MIT so that they could test them. | ูุฐูู ูุงู
ุทูุงุจูุง ุงูู
ููุฏุณูู ุจุงูุนู
ู ุนููู ูุชุญุณููู, ูู
ุน ุงููููู ู
ู ุงูุชุบููุฑุงุช, ุชู
ูููุง ู
ู ุฃู ูุถุงุนููุง ุซูุงุซ ู
ุฑุงุช ู
ู ููุฉ ุงูุชุงุฌ ุงูุฌูุงุฒ. |
Translate to Arabic | And one of the things that they found was they didn't burn. | ูุทุจุนุงู ูู
ูููู
ุฃู ุชุชุตูุฑูุง ู
ุฏู ุญู
ุงุณูู
ุฌุฑุงุก ุฐูู. |
Translate to Arabic | So it was a little discouraging to the students. | ุจุนุฏูุง ุฃุฎุฐูุง ุชูู ุงูููุงูุจ ุงูู MIT ููููู
ูุง ุจูุญุตูุง. |
Translate to Arabic | And in fact, if you look closely, right here you can see it says, "US Peace Corps." | ูู ุงูุญูููุฉ ุงุฐุง ูู
ุชู
ุจุงูุชู
ุนู ุฌูุฏุงู, ููุง ุจุงูุถุจุท, ูู
ูููู
ุฃู ุชุฑูุง ุงููุชุงุจุฉ "ุญุฑูุฉ ุงูุณูุงู
ุงูุฃู
ุฑูููุฉ". |
Translate to Arabic | As it turns out, there actually wasn't any waste paper in this village. | ููู
ุง ูุชุถุญ, ูู
ููู ููุงู ูุฑู ู
ูู
ูุงุช ุจุงูู
ุฑุฉ ูู ูุฐู ุงููุฑูุฉ. |
Translate to Arabic | And while it was a good use of government paperwork for this volunteer to bring it back with him to his village, it was 800 kilometers away. | ูุจููู
ุง ูุงูุช ู
ู ุงูู
ู
ูู ุฃู ุชููู ุฐุงุช ูุงุฆุฏุฉ ูุฃูุฑุงู ุญููู
ูุฉ ููุฐุง ุงูู
ุชุทูุน ููู ูุฃุฎุฐูุง ู
ุนู ุงูู ูุฑูุชู, ูุงูุชู ุชุจุนุฏ 800 ููููู
ุชุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | And so we thought perhaps there might be a better way to come up with an alternative cooking fuel. | ููุฐูู ุงุนุชูุฏูุง ุจุฃูู ู
ู ุงูู
ู
ูู ุฃู ุชููู ููุงู ุทุฑููุฉ ุฃูุถู ููุญุตูู ุนูู ูููุฏ ุจุฏูู. |
Translate to Arabic | What we wanted to do is we wanted to make a fuel that used something that was readily available on the local level. | ููุฏ ุฃุฑุฏูุง ุฃู ูุตูุน ูููุฏ ู
ุณุชุฎุฑุฌ ู
ู ุดูุก ู
ุง ู
ุชููุฑ ุนูู ุงูู
ุณุชูู ุงูู
ุญูู. |
Translate to Arabic | You see these all over Haiti as well. They're small-scale sugar mills. | ุฃูุชู
ุชุฑูู ูุฐู ูู ุฌู
ูุน ุฃูุญุงุก "ูุงููุชู". ุงููุง ู
ุทุญูุฉ ุณูุฑ ู
ุตุบุฑุฉ. |
Translate to Arabic | And the waste product from them after you extract the juice from the sugarcane is called "bagasse." | ูุงูุดูุก ุงูุบูุฑ ุถุฑูุฑู ูุงูุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงููุงุชุฌ ู
ููุง ุจุนุฏ ุฃู ุชููู
ุจุงุณุชุฎูุงุต ุงูุนุตูุฑ ู
ู ูุตุจ ุงูุณูุฑ ูุณู
ู ุจุงูุซูู. |
Translate to Arabic | It has no other use. | ููุณ ููุงู ู
ูู ุฃู ูุงุฆุฏุฉ. ููู ุบูุฑ ู
ููุฏ ููุชุบุฐูุฉ, |
Translate to Arabic | It has no nutritional value, so they don't feed it to the animals. | ูููุฐุง ูุฃููู
ูุง ูุทุนู
ููู ููุญููุงูุงุช, |
Translate to Arabic | It just sits in a pile near the sugar mill until eventually they burn it. | ููุงู ููุท ุฃููุงู
ู
ูู ุจุฌุงูุจ ู
ุทุญูุฉ ุงูุณูุฑ ุญุชู ูุญุฑูููุง ูู ุงูููุงูุฉ. |
Translate to Arabic | What we wanted to do was we wanted to find a way to harness this waste resource and turn it into a fuel that would be something that people could easily cook with, something like charcoal. | ูุญู ุฃุฑุฏูุง ุฃู ูุฌุฏ ุทุฑููุฉ ุชููู
ุจุชุญููู ูุฐู ุงูู
ูู
ูุงุช ุงูู ูููุฏ ูู
ูู ุงููุงุณ ู
ู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ู ุจุณูููุฉ ุจูุฏู ุงูุทูู, ุดูุก ู
ุง ูุดุจู ุงููุญู
. |
Translate to Arabic | students and I worked to develop a process. So you start with the bagasse, and then you take a very simple kiln that you can make out of a waste fifty five-gallon oil drum. | ููุฐุง ูุฃูู ุฎูุงู ุงูุณูุชูู ุงูุฃุฎูุฑุชูู, ูู
ุช ู
ุน ุงูุทูุงุจ ุจุชุทููุฑ ุทุฑููุฉ ู
ุง. ุญุณุจ ูุฐู ุงูุทุฑููุฉ ูุงูู ุชููู
ุจุฃุฎุฐ ุงูุซูู, ูุจุนุฏูุง ุชุฃุฎุฐ ูุฑู ุจุณูุท ููุบุงูุฉ |
Translate to Arabic | After some time, after setting it on fire, you seal it to restrict the oxygen that goes into the kiln, and then you end up with this carbonized material here. | ูุงูุฐู ูู
ูู ุตูุนู ู
ู ุจุฑู
ูู ุฒูุช ุจุณูุท ุจุณุนุฉ 55 ุบุงููู. ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ูุตูุฑุฉ ููู ุนูู ุงููุงุฑ, ุชููู
ุจุณุฏู ูุชุญุจุณ ุงูุฃููุณุฌูู ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ุฏุงุฎู ุงูุจุฑู
ูู, |
Translate to Arabic | However, you can't burn this. | ูุชููู ุงููุชูุฌุฉ ูุฐู ุงูู
ุงุฏุฉ ุงูู
ูุฑุจูุฉ ููุง. |
Translate to Arabic | It's too fine and it burns too quickly to be useful for cooking. | ู
ุน ุฐูู, ูุง ูู
ููู ุฃู ุชุญุฑููุง, ููู ุฑูููุฉ ุฌุฏุงู |
Translate to Arabic | So we had to try to find a way to form it into useful briquettes. | ูุชุญุชุฑู ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุญูุซ ูุง ูู
ููู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ูุง ููุทูู. |
Translate to Arabic | And conveniently, one of my students was from Ghana, and he remembered a dish his mom used to make for him called "kokonte," which is a very sticky porridge made out of the cassava root. | ูุฐูู ุชูุฌุจ ุนูููุง ุงูุฌุงุฏ ุทุฑููุฉ ูุตูุนูุง ุนูู ุดูู ููุงูุจ. ุตุฏู ุฃู ุฃุญุฏ ุทูุงุจู ูุงู ู
ู "ุบุงูุง", ู
ู
ุง ุณูู ุงูุฃู
ุฑ, ููุฏ ุชุฐูุฑ ุจุฃู ุงู
ู ูุงูุช ุชุญุถุฑ ูู ุทุจู ูุฏุนู "ูููููุชู", ูุงูุฐู ูุชููู ู
ู ุญุณุงุก ุดุนูุฑ ูุฒุฌ ุฌุฏุงู ูุตูุน ู
ู ุฌุฐูุฑ ูุจุงุช "ุงููุงุณุงูุง". |
Translate to Arabic | And so what we did was we looked, and we found that cassava is indeed grown in Haiti, under the name of "manioc." | ุจุนุฏูุง ุจุญุซูุง, ููุฌุฏูุง ุจุฃู ูุจุงุช "ุงููุงุณุงูุง" ููู
ู ุจุงููุนู ูู "ูุงููุชู", ูููุงู ูุณู
ู "ู
ุงูููู". |
Translate to Arabic | In fact, it's grown all over the world -- yucca, tapioca, manioc, cassava, it's all the same thing -- a very starchy root vegetable. | ูู ุงููุงูุน ุงูู ููู
ู ูู ุฌู
ูุน ุฃูุญุงุก ุงูุนุงูู
-- "ูููุง", "ุชุงุจูููุง", "ู
ุงูููู", "ูุงุณุงูุง", ูููุง ุณูุงุก -- ููู ุฎุถุงุฑ ุฌุฐูุฑู ูุดูู ุฌุฏุงู. |
Translate to Arabic | And you can make a very thick, sticky porridge out of it, which you can use to bind together the charcoal briquettes. | ู
ู ุงูู
ู
ูู ุนู
ู ุซุฑูุฏ ุณู
ูู ููุฒุฌ ู
ููุง, ูุงูุฐู ูู
ูู ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ู ููุตู ููุงูุจ ุงููุญู
ุจุจุนุถูุง. |
Translate to Arabic | So we did this. We went down to Haiti. | ุงุฐุงู, ููุฏ ูู
ูุง ุจุฐูู. ูุฒููุง ุงูู "ูุงููุชู". |
Translate to Arabic | These are the graduates of the first Ecole de Charbon, or Charcoal Institute. And these -- That's right. So I'm actually an instructor at MIT as well as CIT. | ูุคูุงุก ูู
ุงูู
ุชุฎุฑุฌูู ู
ู ุฃูู "ุงูููู ุฏู ุดุงุจู", ุฃู ู
ุคุณุณุฉ ุงููุญู
. ููุฐู ูู -- -- ูุฐุง ุตุญูุญ. ูุฃูุง ูู ุงููุงูุน ู
ุฑุดุฏุฉ ูู MIT ูู
ุง ุฃูุถุงู ูู CIT. |
Translate to Arabic | And these are the briquettes that we made. | ููุฐู ูู ุงูููุงูุจ ุงูุชู ูู
ูุง ุจุตูุนูุง. |
Translate to Arabic | Now I'm going to take you to a different continent. This is India and this is the most commonly used cooking fuel in India. It's cow dung. | ูุงูุขู ุฃูุฏ ุฃู ุขุฐูุจ ุจูู
ุงูู ูุงุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู. ูุฐู ูู ุงูููุฏ, ููุฐุง ูู ุงููููุฏ ุงูุดุงุฆุน ุงุณุชุนู
ุงูู ูู ุงูููุฏ: ุงูู ุฑูุซ ุงูุจูุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | And more than in Haiti, this produces really smoky fires, and this is where you see the health impacts of cooking with cow dung and biomass as a fuel. | ูุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู
ุง ูู "ูุงููุชู", ูุงููุงุฑ ููุง ุชูุชุฌ ุฏุฎุงู ุฃูุซุฑ, ูููุง ูู
ูููู
ุฑุคูุฉ ุงูุชุฃุซูุฑุงุช ุงูุตุญูุฉ ุงููุงุฌู
ุฉ ู
ู ุงูุทูู ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู
ุฑูุซ ุงูุจูุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | Kids and women are especially affected by it, because they're the ones who are around the cooking fires. | ุงูุฃุทูุงู ูุงููุณุงุก ูู
ุฃูุซุฑ ุงูู
ุชุถุฑุฑูู, ูุฃููู
ูู
ุบุงูุจุงู ูุฌูุณูู ุญูู ููุฑุงู ุงูุทูู ุชูู. |
Translate to Arabic | So we wanted to see if we could introduce this charcoal-making technology there. | ูุฐุง ูุฑูุฏ ุฃู ููุญุต ุงุฐุง ูุงู ุจุงู
ูุงููุง ุชูุฏูู
ุชูููุฉ ุตูุน ุงููุญู
ููุงู. |
Translate to Arabic | Well, unfortunately, they didn't have sugarcane and they didn't have cassava, but that didn't stop us. | ูุณูุก ุงูุญุธ, ููุณ ูุฏููู
ูุตุจ ุงูุณูุฑ ูููุณ ูุฏููู
ูุจุชุฉ "ุงููุงุณุงูุง", ูููู ูุฐุง ูู
ูุฌุนููุง ูุณุชุณูู
. |
Translate to Arabic | What we did was we found what were the locally available sources of biomass. | ูู
ูุง ุจุงูุฌุงุฏ ู
ุตุฏุฑ ุงููุชู ุงูุนุถููุฉ ุงูู
ุญููุฉ. |
Translate to Arabic | And there was wheat straw and there was rice straw in this area. | ูุงู ููุงู ูุด ุงููู
ุญ, ููุด ุงูุฑุฒ ูู ุงูู
ูุทูุฉ. |
Translate to Arabic | And what we could use as a binder was actually small amounts of cow manure, which they used ordinarily for their fuel. | ูุงูุฐู ุงุณุชุฎุฏู
ูุงู ููุงุตู ูู ูู ุงููุงูุน ูู
ูุฉ ููููุฉ ู
ู ุฑูุซ ุงูุจูุฑ, ูุงูุฐู ูุณุชุฎุฏู
ููู ุนุงุฏุฉู ููููุฏ ุนุงุฏู. |
Translate to Arabic | And we did side-by-side tests, and here you can see the charcoal briquettes and here the cow dung. | ูู
ูุง ุจุนู
ู ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑุงุช ุฌูุจุงู ุงูู ุฌูุจ, ูููุง ูู
ูููู
ุฑุคูุฉ ููุงูุจ ุงููุญู
, ูููุง ุฑูุซ ุงูุจูุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | And you can see that it's a lot cleaner burning of a cooking fuel. | ูู
ุง ููู
ูููู
ุงูู
ูุงุญุธุฉ ุจุฃูู ูููุฏ ุทูู ูุญุชุฑู ุจุตูุฑุฉ ูุธููุฉ ุฃูุซุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | And in fact, it heats the water a lot more quickly. | ูู ุงููุงูุน, ููู ูุณุฎู ุงูู
ุงุก ุจุทุฑููุฉ ุฃุณุฑุน. |
Translate to Arabic | And so we were very happy, thus far. | ูููุฐุง ุงูุณุจุจ ููุง ุณุนุฏุงุก ุฌุฏุงู ุงูู ุญุฏ ุงูุขู. |
Translate to Arabic | But one of the things that we found was when we did side-by-side comparisons with wood charcoal, it didn't burn as long. And the briquettes crumbled a little bit and we lost energy as they fell apart as they were cooking. | ูููู ุงุญุฏ ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ุงูุชู ูุฌุฏูุงูุง ุนูุฏู
ุง ูู
ูุง ุจุงูู
ูุงุฑูุฉ ู
ุน ูุญู
ุงูุฎุดุจ, ุจุฃูู ูุง ูุญุชุฑู ููุชุฑุฉ ุทูููุฉ. ูุงูููุงูุจ ุชุชูุชุช ููููุงู, ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูุฎุณุฑ ุทุงูุฉ ุนูุฏู
ุง ุชููุตู ุฎูุงู ุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุทูู. |
Translate to Arabic | So we wanted to try to find a way to make a stronger briquette so that we could compete with wood charcoal in the markets in Haiti. | ููุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏูุง ุฃู ูุฌุฏ ุทุฑููุฉ ูุฌุนู ุงูููุงูุจ ุฃููู ู
ู
ุง ูู
ูููุง ู
ู ุฃู ููุงูุณ ูุญู
ุงูุญุทุจ ูู ุฃุณูุงู "ูุงููุชู". |
Translate to Arabic | So we went back to MIT, we took out the Instron machine and we figured out what sort of forces you needed in order to compress a briquette to the level that you actually are getting improved performance out of it? | ููุฐุง ููุฏ ุฑุฌุนูุง ุงูู MIT, ููุฌุฆูุง ุงูู ุขูุฉ "ุงูุณุชุฑูู", ูุนุฑููุง ุฃู ููุฉ ุนููู ุฃู ุชููุฏ ูุชุถุบุท ุงูููุงูุจ ุงูู ู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุชู
ููู ุฃู ุชุณุชุฎูุต ููุงุกุฉ ู
ุนุฏูุฉ ู
ููุง. |
Translate to Arabic | And at the same time that we had students in the lab looking at this, we also had community partners in Haiti working to develop the process, to improve it and make it more accessible to people in the villages there. | ูุจููู
ุง ูุงู ูุฏููุง ุทูุงุจ ูู ุงูู
ุนู
ู ูููู
ูู ุจุฐูู, ูุงู ูุฏููุง ุฃูุถุงู ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุดุฑูุงุก ูู "ูุงููุชู" ูุทูุฑูู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ, ูุชุญุณูููุง ูุฌุนููุง ู
ุชููุฑุฉ ุฃูุซุฑ ูููุงุณ ูู ุชูู ุงููุฑูุฉ. |
Translate to Arabic | And after some time, we developed a low-cost press that allows you to produce charcoal, which actually now burns not only -- actually, it burns longer, cleaner than wood charcoal. | ูุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ูุตูุฑุฉ, ุทูุฑูุง ู
ูุจุณ ุจุณุนุฑ ุฒููุฏ ูู
ูู ู
ู ุงูุชุงุฌ ุงููุญู
, ูุงูุฐู ูู ุงูุญูููุฉ ูุญุชุฑู ูู
ุฏุฉ ุฃุทูู, ูุฃูุธู ู
ู ูุญู
ุงูุญุทุจ. |
Translate to Arabic | So now we're in a situation where we have a product, which is actually better than what you can buy in Haiti in the marketplace, which is a very wonderful place to be. | ูุฐุง ููุญู ุงูุขู ูุฏููุง ู
ูุชูุฌ, ูุงูุฐู ูู ุงููุงูุน ุฃุญุณู ู
ู ุงูุฐู ูู
ููู ุดุฑุงุฆู ู
ู ุงูุณูู ุงูุชุฌุงุฑู ูู "ูุงููุชู", ูุงูุฐู ูุนุชุจุฑ ู
ูุงู ุฑุงุฆุน ููุชูุงุฌุฏ ุจู. |
Translate to Arabic | In Haiti alone, about 30 million trees are cut down every year. | ูู "ูุงููุชู" ูุญุฏูุง, ููุทุน ุญูุงูู 30 ู
ูููู ุดุฌุฑุฉ ูู ุงูุณูู. |
Translate to Arabic | There's a possibility of this being implemented and saving a good portion of those. | ููุงู ุงุญุชู
ุงู ุจุชุทุจูู ู
ุง ูู
ูุง ุจู ูุงููุงุฐ ูุณุจุฉ ุฌูุฏุฉ ู
ู ุชูู ุงูุฃุดุฌุงุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | In addition, the revenue generated from that charcoal is 260 million dollars. | ุจุงูุงุถุงูุฉ ุงูู ุฐูู, ุงูุฃุฑุจุงุญ ู
ู ูุฐุง ุงููุญู
ุชุตู ุงูู 260 ู
ูููู ุฏููุงุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | That's an awful lot for a country like Haiti -- with a population of eight million and an average income of less than 400 dollars. | ูุฐุง ู
ุจูุบ ุถุฎู
ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ูุฏููุฉ ู
ุซู "ูุงููุชู" -- ู
ุน ุนุฏุฏ ุณูุงู ูุตู ุงูู 8 ู
ูููู ูู
ุนุฏู ุฏุฎู ุฃูู ู
ู 400 ุฏููุงุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | So this is where we're also moving ahead with our charcoal project. | ูุฐุง ููุฐุง ุงูุถุงู ู
ุง ูุญุงูู ุฃู ูุตู ุงููู ูู ู
ุดุฑูุน ุงููุญู
ูุฐุง. |
Translate to Arabic | And one of the things that I think is also interesting, is I have a friend up at UC Berkeley who's been doing risk analysis. | ูุฃุญุฏ ุงูุฃุดูุงุก ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุญุณุจ ุฑุฃูู, ูู ุจุฃู ูุฏู ุตุฏูู ูู ุฌุงู
ุนุฉ "ุจูุฑููู" ูุงูุฐู ูููู
ุจุชุญูููุงุช ุงูู
ุฎุงุทุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | And he's looked at the problem of the health impacts of burning wood versus charcoal. | ููุงู
ุจูุญุต ุงูู
ุดุงูู ุงูุตุญูุฉ ุงููุงุฌู
ุฉ ู
ู ุญุฑู ุงูุญุทุจ ู
ูุงุฑูุฉ ุจุญุฑู ุงููุญู
. |
Translate to Arabic | And he's found that worldwide, you could prevent a million deaths switching from wood to charcoal as a cooking fuel. | ููุฏ ูุฌุฏ ุจุฃูู ูู ุฌู
ูุน ุงูุญุงุก ุงูุนุงูู
, ูู
ููู ุฃู ุชู
ูุน ู
ูููู ุญุงูุฉ ููุงุฉ ุจุงุณุชุจุฏุงู ุงูุญุทุจ ุจุงููุญู
|
Translate to Arabic | That's remarkable, but up until now, there weren't ways to do it without cutting down trees. | ููููุฏ ููุทูู. ูุฐุง ุดูุก ุฌุฏูุฑ ุจุงูุงูุชู
ุงู
. ูููู ุงูู ูุฐุง ุงูุญูู, ููุณ ููุงู ุทุฑููุฉ ูุนู
ู ุฐูู ุฏูู ูุทุน ุงูุฃุดุฌุงุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | But now we have a way that's using an agricultural waste material to create a cooking fuel. | ูููู ุงูุขู ูุฏููุง ุทุฑููุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู
ุจูุงูุง ู
ูุงุฏ ุฒุฑุงุนูุฉ ูุตูุน ูููุฏ ููุทูู. |
Translate to Arabic | One of the really exciting things, though, is something that came out of the trip that I took to Ghana just last month. | ุฃุญุฏ ุงูุฃู
ูุฑ ุงูู
ุซูุฑุฉ, ู
ุน ุฐูู, ูู ุดูุก ูุชุฌ ู
ู ุฑุญูุฉ ูู
ุช ุจูุง ุงูู "ุบุงูุง" ูู ุงูุดูุฑ ุงูู
ุงุถู. |
Translate to Arabic | And I think it's the coolest thing, and it's even lower tech than what you just saw, if you can imagine such a thing. Here it is. | ููุฐู ุนูู ู
ุง ุฃุนุชูุฏ ุฃุทุฑู ุงูุฃุดูุงุก, ููู ุชุณุชุฎุฏู
ุชูููุฉ ุฃุจุณุท ู
ู ุงูุชู ุดุงูุฏุชู
ููุง ู
ูุฐ ูุญุธุงุช, ุงุฐุง ูุงู ุจุงู
ูุงููู
ุงู ุชุชุตูุฑุง ุดูุก ููุฐุง. ูุง ูู. |
Translate to Arabic | So what is this? This is corncobs turned into charcoal. | ุงุฐู ูู
ุง ูุฐูุ ูุฐู ุฃููุงุฒ ุฐุฑุฉ ุชุญููุช ุงูู ูุญู
. |
Translate to Arabic | And the beauty of this is that you don't need to form briquettes -- it comes ready made. This is my $100 laptop, right here. | ูุงูุฌู
ูู ูู ุฐูู ุฃูู ููุณ ููุงู ุญุงุฌุฉ ูุตูุน ุงูููุงูุจ. ููู ุชุฃุชู ุฌุงูุฒุฉ. ูุฐุง ูู ุฌูุงุฒู ุงูู
ุญู
ูู ุจููู
ุฉ 100 ุฏููุงุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | And actually, like Nick, I brought samples. | ููู ุงููุงูุน, ู
ุซู "ูู", ูู
ุช ุจุงุญุถุงุฑ ุนููุงุช. |
Translate to Arabic | So we can pass these around. | ูุฐุง ููู
ูููุง ุงู ูู
ุฑุฑ ูุฐู ุจูููู
. |
Translate to Arabic | They're fully functional, field-tested, ready to roll out. | ุงููุง ูุนุงูุฉ ุจุตูุฑุฉ ุชุงู
ุฉ, ุชู
ูุญุตูุง ูุนููุงู, ุฌุงูุฒุฉ ููุงูุชุดุงุฑ. |
Translate to Arabic | And I think one of the things which is also remarkable about this technology, is that the technology transfer is so easy. | ูุงุนุชูุฏ ุจุงูู ุงุญุฏ ุงูุงุดูุงุก ุงูุชู ูุฌุฏุฑ ุฐูุฑูุง, ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ููุฐู ุงูุชูููุฉ ูู ุจุฃู ุงุชูุงู ูุฐู ุงูุชูููุฉ ุณูู ููุบุงูุฉ. |
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