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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 3754573b-da5e-4350-9604-2bff0e3a30b3 | [{'content': 'A 6 years male child comes with complaints of bedwetting. The child is continent during the day and problem is only at night. Growth and development of the child were normal. Urine microscopy is normal and urine specific gravity was 1.020. How will you manage? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Reassure the parents and follow up after 6 months, B. Refer to psychiatrist, C. Complete blood counts, D. Ultrasound-KUB', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A: Reassure the parents and follow up after 6 monthsExplanation:(Ref: Nelson 20Ie p2585; Ghai 8/e p504)Bed-wetting is normal till 5 years of age.In a child with only night-time bed wetting, when urinalysis (to rule out infections) and urine osmolality (to rule out diabetes) are normal, only regular follow up is required.Treatment:To reassure the child and parents that the condition is self-limited and to avoid punitive measures that can affect the child's psychologic development adversely.Fluid intake should be restricted to 2 oz after 6 or 7 pm.Parents should be ceain that the child voids at bedtime.Avoiding extraneous sugar and caffeine after 4 pm also is beneficial.If the child snores and the adenoids are enlarged, referral to an otolarvngologist should be considered, because adenoidectomv can cure the enuresis.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 29915e72-87a0-4dad-a365-6e3337e36ebe | [{'content': 'Which is not a feature of HELLP syndrome: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Thrombocytopenia, B. Eosinophilia, C. Raised liver enzyme, D. Hemolytic anemia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | f7da806e-72c7-4e47-9a89-46abf9f8fae6 | [{'content': 'Which laboratory test is most useful for patient under\ndicumarol therapy? \nSelect and explain. \nA. PT, B. Platelet count, C. BT, D. CT', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b7a77489-2de7-4bc8-910c-0792906b8375 | [{'content': 'Infectious mononucleosis is caused by? \nSelect and explain. \nA. EBV, B. CMV, C. HIV, D. HSV', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections (or HHV-4) is causative for following infections:\n\nInfectious mononucleosis\nNasopharyngeal carcinoma\nBurkiu's lymphoma\nOral hairy leukoplakia\nPost-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | e7c84e8c-d3a6-4bb4-bc34-ad35687338b2 | [{'content': 'Drugs causing hyperglycemia: \nSelect and explain. \nA. β-blocker, B. Glucocorticoids, C. Acetylcholine, D. α-blockers', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | f3e76c88-e70d-4d84-9f61-6d93ef188950 | [{'content': 'In CPR for Infants-1. The sequence followed is Compression - Breathing- Airway2. 30 chest compression is given3. 1 breathe every 15 compressions4. Chest Compression should be 1 1/2 inches in infants5. In infants, the brachial pulse should be assessed. \nSelect and explain. \nA. True False False True False, B. True False False True True, C. False True False True False, D. False True False True True', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. False True False True TrueEmergency care providers should check the victim\'s pulse for at least 5 seconds but no longer than 10 seconds. For children aged one to adolescence, the pulse should be checked at the carotid aery. In infants, the brachial pulse should be assessed.If there is a palpable pulse within 10 seconds, then a rescue breath should be given every 3 seconds. Breaths should last one second and the chest should be observed for visible rise. If the victim has an advanced airway, then the provider should administer breaths 10-12 times per minute.If the pulse is less than 60/minute, or if the victim has signs of poor perfusion after adequate ventilation and oxygenation, the provider should begin chest compressions. In the absence of a pulse, a lone rescuer should begin CPR with 30 high quality compressions followed by two breaths. If two healthcare providers are available, the cycle of compressions to breaths should be 15:2 (pediatrics).High quality compressions in CPR should be a minimum of 1/3 the AP diameter of the chest, or approximately 1 1/2 inches in infants (4 cm) and 2" in children from age one to adolescence. The rate of compressions should be 100-120 per minute. Chest recoil should be complete between compressions.Pediatric compression is performed with the head of one hand over the lower 1/2 of the sternum, between the nipples. In infants, use two fingers, or use the thumb encircling technique if multiple providers are available', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | 27172e24-cd06-4dc8-b00b-0a378fcc9a36 | [{'content': 'Density of radiograph is affected by all, except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. mA, B. kVp, C. Cone angulation, D. Thickness of object', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Images should have optimal density and contrast to facilitate\xa0interpretation. Although milliamperage\xa0(mA), peak kilovoltage (kVp), and exposure time are crucial parameters influencing\xa0density and contrast, faulty processing can adversely affect the quality of a properly exposed radiograph.\nWhite and Pharoah, 7th ed, pg-91', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 304d9306-4f11-4078-8b98-7c8f78ff7da3 | [{'content': "Child is Evasive and dawdling, what could be the child's mother behavior: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Overprotective mother., B. Authoritarian mother., C. Rejecting mother., D. Underaffectionate mother.", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | b5968e3b-6da9-4030-b91e-3a3571596419 | [{'content': 'Maximum spherocytes is seen in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, B. Vit B12 deficiency, C. Aplastic anemia, D. None', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | edcef8a8-1547-4d77-87a2-e556b6e60665 | [{'content': 'Medial squint is caused by paralysis of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Occulomotor nerve, B. Abducens nerve, C. Optic nerve, D. Trochlear nerve', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | d4979c9e-6419-4f42-b71d-bec7c5077426 | [{'content': 'Difference in transudate & exudate is that the former\nhas a: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Low protein, B. Cloudy appearance, C. Increased specific gravity, D. High protein', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Ophthalmology | 8f57f95a-a12e-49e9-87b8-eb58ffa6cb9c | [{'content': 'The spectacles are used in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Progressive glasses for presbyopia, B. Bifocal glasses for presbyopia, C. Bifocals for pediatric pseudophakia, D. Bifocals for adult aphakia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: The image shows bifocal glasses of executive type which is especially used in case of paediatric pseudophakia and not in adult aphakia or presbyopia. Other types of bifocals are K or D bifocals which are used for adults with presbyopia Progressive glasses avoid the sudden jump in power in the lenses and provide a smooth transition from the power for distance vision to the power for the near vision thereby providing good distance, intermediate and near vision', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | d6a8de08-5a4c-404b-8622-217e17e5751b | [{'content': 'Which of the following complications of stroke need not to be treated? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fever, B. Spasticity, C. Dysphagia, D. Numbness', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. SpasticitySpasticity is seen in 20% of hemiplegic paitents. Spasticity per se does not produce weakness and other aspects of motor control Overzealous treatment affects the normal ambulation of patients. Hence, treating spasticity, as a rule is not always preferred, treating it is a double-edged sword. Spasticity as a consequence of a stroke may have a ceain beneficiary compensatory aspect.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 07de5578-ca50-423e-ba9c-1b428a5b6153 | [{'content': "In a 32 year female patient, left supraclavicular lymph node biopsy histologically shows acidophilic owl eye nucleoli lying freely in empty spaces showing immunohistocompatibility with CD 15 & CD 30, it is suggestive of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma, B. Lymphocytic predominant Hodgkin's Lymphoma, C. Reactive nodular hyperplasia, D. Large cell lymphoma", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 4414e290-9d6a-410d-9506-72555add17d7 | [{'content': "St. Anthony's fire refers to poisoning by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ergot alkaloids, B. Spanish fly, C. Crotalaria juncea, D. Aflatoxin", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Ergot alkaloids(Ref Reddy 34/e p517. 33/e p556: Parikh 6/e p9.32)St. Anthony\'s Fire:Causes:Due to overdose of ,Ergot medications.After eating flour milled from ergot-infected rye.Humans & livestock a Develop ergotism.Ergotism:Long term effect of ergot poisoning.Due to alkaloids ingestion produced by Claviceps purpurea fungus infected rye & other cereals.Also due to a action of number of ergoline-based drugs.Also known as "ergotoxicosis, ergot poisoning & Saint Anthony\'s Fire".In middle age -Gangrenous poisoning was known as "holy fire" or "Saint Anthony\'s fire".Named after monks of Order of Saint Anthony who succeeded in treatment.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 5a97622c-8cad-4bbf-8f08-017bcb90249e | [{'content': 'Odontogenic keratocyst has the following feature \nSelect and explain. \nA. Occurs due to infection periapically, B. Is developmental in origin, C. Can be treated by aspiration, D. Has low recurrence rate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 040be818-df88-4fad-959a-96d3cc4ee9f1 | [{'content': 'Streptococci have the ability to adhere to the tooth surfaces and contribute to caries development as they? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Are penicillinase resistant, B. Produce acid during metabolism, C. Produce extracellular polysachharides, D. Ferment carbohydrates', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Dental plaque is the prerequisite for the development of smooth surface caries. The presence of extracellular polysaccharides (like glucans and levans) have been clearly demonstrated in dental plaque. Glucans, especially their water-insoluble fraction, can serve as a structural component of plaque matrix and help in adhering certain bacteria to the teeth. Even though the ability to produce acid may be a prerequisite for caries induction, but not all acid producing organism are cariogenic.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f7f15a3e-0141-4a1e-8090-ce25c2fabcea | [{'content': 'In gypsum products thinner mix leads to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increased setting expansion, B. Decreased setting expansion, C. Increase compressive strength, D. Decrease consistency', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 919d81f7-e865-429c-99f8-14a31570fdeb | [{'content': 'TNM Staging is what type of scale \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ordinal, B. Ratio, C. Nominal, D. Interval', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Biochemistry | d68d6158-666d-424d-9f9b-26cf0fe6acf5 | [{'content': 'Child presents with hypotonia and seizures. It was confirmed to be zellweger syndrome. Which of the following accumulates in brain? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Glucose, B. Lactic acid, C. Long chain fatty acid, D. Triglycerides', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Zellweger syndrome It is also called as Cerebro-Hepato-Renal Syndrome. It is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder. Absence of Peroxisomes in almost all tissues, peroxisomes are responsible for oxidation of very long chain fatty acids which contain more than 22 carbons. Clinical features: Severe neurological symptoms such as Impaired neuronal migration, hypomyelination, hepatomegaly, renal cysts. Accumulation of very long chain fatty acids in brain, with carbon number > 22 Most patients die within 1st year of their life.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ab1d4d40-0a0f-405d-ac41-100856f75318 | [{'content': 'Type III gold alloy does not have following features except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Harder than type IV, B. Used for small inlays, C. Easily burnishable than type IV, D. Less gold than type IV', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 1a4896e3-25f3-4954-93fd-0fea78d72b0c | [{'content': 'Which of the following is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lichen planus, B. Bullous pemphigoid, C. Pemphigus yulgaris, D. White sponge nevus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Lichen planus, pemphigoid, and pemphigus are autoimmune diseases whereas white sponge nevus is inherited as autosomal dominant trait.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 6150409c-32c4-4db3-93a7-63b2f7ac66c5 | [{'content': 'Anaphylaxis is mediated by \nSelect and explain. \nA. 5-hydroxytryptamine, B. Heparin, C. ProstaglandinImmunology, D. All of these', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. All of these* Primary mediators (These are present in mast cell granules) Includes:* Biogenic Amines :- Histamine, 5-Hydroxytryptamine* Proteoglycans : Heparin* Secondary mediators:* Leukotrienes :- LTC4 D4,V* Cytokines:- ILl,lLg,lL4,IL-5, IL4 TNF and GMCSF', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 58be1fdb-ba8a-47c2-9e2e-b5433bba6128 | [{'content': 'Mental foramen is located: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Between roots of premolars, B. Between roots of molars, C. Near canine, D. Between Incisors', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 6380bf46-988e-4ed8-8add-f57fa7bb61fc | [{'content': 'Most common cyst associated with adjoining vital teeth? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Dentigerous cyst, B. Globulomaxillary cyst, C. Periapical cyst, D. Lateral periodontal cyst', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 2b2dd003-8c87-47d5-8080-8f64371932e0 | [{'content': 'Sorting a patient of trauma of head injury on basis of need of care and availability of resources \nSelect and explain. \nA. Triage, B. Emergency care, C. Definitive care, D. Hospital care', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 75aec5e4-6321-49b7-b17d-a49d5f2f7975 | [{'content': 'In a skeletal Class III, the value of ANB will be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. -10, B. 2, C. 4, D. 6', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Anatomy | a28512ef-dd2c-48f1-9033-95c1d84daf47 | [{'content': 'Patient presented with imbalance on walking with eyes closed and has to lift up foot and stomp on ground to walk. The tract involved is:- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Spinocerebellar tract, B. Dorsal column tract, C. Lateral spinothalamic tract, D. Vestibulospinal tract', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Case described is of SENSORY ATAXIA - d/o damage to dorsal column of spinal cord. Dorsal column tract: - N. gracilis & N. cuneatus - Carry pressure, vibration, stereognosis & conscious proprioception tactile discrimination Damage leads to: - - Sensory ataxia - Stomping gait - d/o loss of conscious proprioception - Romberg test positive (Pt loses balance with closed eyes). Spinocerebellar tract: - - Carry unconscious proprioception - Damage leads to cerebellar ataxia - wide based gait. Spinothalamic tract: - - Carries pain, temperature (lateral spinothalamic) - Pressure & touch (ventral spinothalamic) Note: Other causes of sensory ataxia 1. Neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis) 2. DM - II (affects dorsal column) 3. Vit B12 deficiency', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pathology | e3c9cee9-73c5-4a89-8633-7ddcdc6adde9 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not a provisional entity as per WHO 2016 classification of Acute leukemia? \nSelect and explain. \nA. AML with hyperploidy, B. B - ALL with BCR - ABL like mutatio, C. AML with BCR - ABL, D. Early T - cell precursor leukemia / Lymphoma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: In Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia nad rearrangement of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, OR FGFR1, or with PCM1-JAK2 Provisional entity: Myeloid/ lymphoid neoplasms with PCM1-JAK2 In MDS Provisional entity: Refractory cytopenia of childhood In AML and related neoplasms Provisional entity: AML with BCR-ABL1 Provisional entity: AML with mutated RUNX1 In B cell lymphoblastic leukemia Provision entity: B-lymphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma, BCR-ABL1-like Provision entity: B-lymphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma with iAMP21 In T cell lymphoblastic leukemia Provisional entity: Early T-cell precursor lymphoblatic leukemia Provisional entity: Natural killer (NK) cell lymphoblastic leukemia/ lymphoma', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a215ecb7-fbfe-45c0-9b53-20b5188c2a87 | [{'content': 'Difference between physical characteristic of reamers and files is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. The cross-section of reamers in square and files are triangular in cross-section, B. The number of flutes on the blade are more in files than in reamers, C. The reamers have more flutes in the blade, D. Files have two superficial grooves to produce flutes in a double helix design', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | eefac77e-06d7-4999-885a-69ee26a26e91 | [{'content': 'Anterior - posterior spread of implant is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Distance from center of most anterior implant to the center of most posterior implant, B. Distance from center of most anterior implant to the distal surface of most posterior implant, C. Distance from distal surface of most anterior implant to the mesial surface of most posterior implant, D. Distance from mesial surface of most anterior implant to the distal surface of most posterior implant', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8a0d2177-174e-46bc-a8d9-712ca2bfc3d2 | [{'content': 'For determining periodontal disease an epidemiological survey is done by using: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gingival index (G.I.), B. Plaque index (P.I.), C. Periodontal index (P.I), D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7e113704-1db0-4023-bc75-3036f31791fb | [{'content': 'Arch length analysis of a dentition shows a discrepancy of more than 10 mm. This indicates: \nSelect and explain. \nA. No extraction required if treated at an early age, B. No extraction required, C. Extraction of posterior teeth, D. Proximal stripping', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 47e35777-f1d7-4291-81e6-6a1d1360a75c | [{'content': 'True about Total Goitre Rate (TGR) is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. It is an indicator of iron deficiency in the community, B. Community survey of TGR does not require doctors in the team, C. Goitres are classified as not visible, palpable and visible, D. Goitres are classified as not visible, palpable and visible', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Goitres are classified as not visible, palpable and visible(Ref: Ghai 8Ie p519)The term 'endemic goitre' refers to a total goitre rate of >5 percent in a given community.Total goitre rate is an indicator of iodine deficiency, which causes brain damage and mental retardation.Endemic goiter is present when the prevalence of goiter in a defined population exceeds 5%.Endemic goiter is graded by the method of WHO.Screening estimates of iodine intake are usually derived from 24-hr urinary excretion values or urinary iodine concentration expressed in relation to creatinine concentration.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8abcdea2-c351-4df7-ab42-8898201f9949 | [{'content': 'For which of the following, you will not perform pulpectomy? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Primary teeth with sinus tract, B. Primary teeth without successor, C. Primary teeth with furcation pathology, D. Pulpless primary teeth next to the line of a palatal cleft', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Primary teeth with furcation pathology, pulpectomy is not indicated, rather it requires extraction.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 37e9d3b1-0845-4e21-ba7c-a638447cabec | [{'content': 'Inorganic component of bone is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 35%, B. 45%, C. 85%, D. 65%', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | f9ff6912-3b5d-4f69-bd71-598dc46cd041 | [{'content': 'An elderly female presented with blockade, nasal discharge, diplopia and facial swelling. On examination, there is blackish discharge from the nasal cavity with necrosis of nasal mucosa, facial skin and palate. There is fixation of the right globe. There is elevated blood sugar and urinary ketones are positive.Which of the following would be the medication to be used in this patient? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Amphotericin B, B. Itraconazole, C. Ketoconazole, D. Broad spectrum antibiotics', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. Amphotericin B (Rcf : Harrison l9/e p1350,18/ep l661-l664)This diabetic patient is most likely suffering from mucormycosis, in which there is involvement of peri-orbital region and visual impairment. I.V. Amphotericin BQ is the treatment most commonly used in all forms of Mucormycosis.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | db876ffe-c2d5-4d12-9aa1-6745cac9cb2d | [{'content': 'Video based question - AIIMS NICU - neonate shown on O2 with nasal prongs, not intubated, sister shown inseing a tube through the mouth, camera zooms in, 18 (calibration) mark seen, the other (green) end as of now not connected to anything, video ends, what is the procedure that is being done?VIDEO LINK: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Oral suction, B. Oropharyngeal suction, C. Nasogastric tube inse, D. Orogastric tube inseion', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. Orogastric tube inseion', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | abd87919-d7f6-44cd-b4c8-8e70630084b5 | [{'content': 'Which of following is an oral precancer? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Oral hairy Leukoplakia, B. White spongy naevus, C. Leukemia, D. Speckled Leukoplakia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | 479e5139-f840-4d95-b13b-d1a95e2ff3e4 | [{'content': 'Patient with carcinoma endometrium treated with pelvic external beam irradiation to whole pelvis. Which of the following organs is most radiosensitive in the pelvic region? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ovary, B. Vagina, C. Bladder, D. Rectum', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Ovary(Ref Perez and Brady's Principles of Radiation Oncology 6/e p65)Among the given options, most radiosensitive organ is ovary >rectum >bladder >vagina.(Radiation tolerance dose: Ovary = 2-3 Gy; Rectum = 60 Gy; Bladder = 65 Gy; Vagina = 90 Gy).", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ef893ac0-92b0-4689-984d-7eade2d8cf53 | [{'content': 'Repeated fracture of a porcelain fused to metal restoration is primarily due to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Occlusal trauma, B. Inadequately designed framework, C. Improper firing schedule, D. Failure to use metal conditioner', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b8647a35-334f-4fda-a718-cd7f59d90d8d | [{'content': 'White patch is seen on the buccal mucosa consisting of\npseudomycelium and chalmydospores with desquamated\nepithelium adjacent to it, the patient is suffering from \nSelect and explain. \nA. histoplasmosis, B. cryptococcosis, C. candidiasis, D. coccidionnycosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 84b2680d-9778-495c-b587-603a891ac9d6 | [{'content': 'The micro organism previously present in the Periapical\ntissues following obturation \nSelect and explain. \nA. Persist and stimulate the formation of a granuloma, B. Are eliminated by the natural defenses, C. Re-enter and re-infect the sterile canal and are removed by surgery, D. Are eliminated by the medicaments used in endodontic treatment', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | ba0534c9-3275-481d-8130-62a393d57b2a | [{'content': 'Cranioveebral joint does not include: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Occipital condyle, B. Axis, C. Atlas, D. Wings of sphenoid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Wings of sphenoid(Ref Gray's 40/e p733)Cranioveebral Joint:Consists of occipital condyles, atlas & axis.Aiculation between cranium & veebral column specialized - To provide a wider range of movement.Functions as a universal joint.Permits horizontal & veical scanning movements of head.Adapted for eye-head co-ordination.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 05ff9658-0465-4c93-8ff0-ee980071e67a | [{'content': 'What type of suturing technique is used here \nSelect and explain. \nA. Figure of 8, B. Direct loop, C. Horizontal mattress, D. Vertical mattress', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2c790894-885a-4b7c-985f-21ec73fee035 | [{'content': 'First step in major connector construction is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Design of the stress bearing areas, B. Design of the non stress bearing areas, C. Marking the outline of the strapline, D. Selection of the strap type', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 62edf8e8-5380-40ad-a505-9ae48c25a6ed | [{'content': 'SI unit of X-ray \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rad, B. Sv, C. Gray, D. Kerma', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d2b086eb-138b-4104-b30c-7e54f00b0d1c | [{'content': 'Father of statistics \nSelect and explain. \nA. John Snow, B. John Graunt, C. MacMahon, D. John M. Last', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | dcda3f1a-0ff7-411e-9a61-fa2b6cb8f3c3 | [{'content': "For testing the statistical significance of the difference in heights of school children - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Student's t test, B. chi-square test, C. Paired 't' test, D. ANOVA", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Student’s t-test:\n\n– Paired Student’s t-test: Comparing means (± SD) in paired data (in same group of individuals before and after an intervention)\n\nComparison of mean levels can be done by Paired Student’s t - test\n\n– Unpaired Student’s t-test: Comparing means (± SD) in two different group of individuals\n\nANOVA test (F-test/F-ratio): Comparing means (+ SD) in more than two different group of individuals\nChi-square test (c2-test): Comparing percentage, proportions & fractions in two or more different group of individuals\n\nIn the given question, we have to test the statistical significance of the difference in heights of school children; thus mean heights of schools children in different classes/standards/schools will be done Thus, ANOVA test (F - test/ F -ratio) is most suitable.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7876791e-f9f6-404e-8c3c-32106bc3bffb | [{'content': 'Odontoblasts are derived from ____________ \nSelect and explain. \nA. Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, B. Histocytes, C. Macrophages, D. Lymphocytes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | be5f1787-76b2-4782-be44-2c31745ea4c5 | [{'content': 'The deepest layer of cervical fascia is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Vertebral, B. Carotid sheath, C. Deep fascia, D. Prevertebral fascia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: The arrangement of layers from outside to inside is:\na. Pretracheal fascia b. Investing fascia c. Prevertebral fascia\nThe prevertebral fascia extends medially behind the carotid vessels, where it assists in forming their\xa0sheath and passes in front of prevertebral muscles.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 1d7c2dff-73e6-46d8-8d10-ab6ee7464701 | [{'content': 'A 10–year old male child was presented to the pediatrician for evaluation of a seizure disorder. On examination a vascular plaque was found along the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The mother informed the pediatrician that the lesion was present since birth and there was no change in morphology. The most likely possibility is – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sturge Weber syndrome, B. Infantile hemangioma, C. Congenital hemangioma, D. Proteus syndrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: This child has :\n\n\nSeizure disorder\nVascular plaque along the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of trigeminal nerve\nLesion presenting since birth and not chonging in morphology\n\n\nThe diagnosis is sturge weber syndrome.\nSturge weber syndrome is a rare congenital vascular disorder characterized by facial capillary malformation (port wine stain) and associated capillary venous malformation affecting the brain and eye.\nIt consists of angiomas involving the leptomeninges and skin of face typically in the ophthalmic and maxillary distributions of trigeminal nerve.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 0d8286b5-43b3-4ea2-9af4-d39822a11972 | [{'content': 'Dry heat destroys microorganisms by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lysis, B. Oxidation, C. Hydrolysis of DNA, D. Coagulation of proteins', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | f8268ff0-f341-40ac-9dd7-e639781e9914 | [{'content': 'Hyponatremia is defined as a serum Na+ level \nSelect and explain. \nA. < 135 mmol/L, B. > 135 mmol/L, C. < 160 mmo/L, D. < 100 mmo/L', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | b3fbb3fa-16e3-4275-920b-aa7f7d8ef831 | [{'content': 'The cribriform plate connects \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nasal cavity and anterior cranial fossa, B. Nasal cavity and orbit, C. Nasal cavity and oral cavity, D. Anterior cranial fossa and orbit', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone separates the anterior cranial fossa from nasal cavity.\nAnteriorly articulates with frontal bone, at frontoethmoidal suture, marked in the median plane as foramen caecum, which is usually blind.\nAnteriorly, cribriform plate has midline projection, called crista galli.\nOn each side of crista galli, there are foramina through which anterior ethmoidal nerve and vessels pass to nasal cavity.\nThe plate is also perforated by numerous foramina, for the passage of olfactory nerve rootlets.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 2e82399f-9cef-4ba7-ae0e-9424c0efc321 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not a tumor suppressor gene? \nSelect and explain. \nA. pRb, B. p16, C. PTCH, D. c-erbB1', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Physiology | c2d32d1d-8609-4fef-91f6-580329f7a7e5 | [{'content': 'Which hormone has permissive role in pubey? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Leptin, B. GnRH, C. Insulin, D. GH', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Pubey means the onset of adult sexual life. Pubey is caused by a gradual increase in GnRH secretion by the pituitary, beginning around 8th year of life. In male and females, the infantile pituitary gland & ovaries are capable of full function if they are appropriately stimulated. However, for reasons not understood, the hypothalamus does not secrete significant quantities of GnRH during childhood. At pubey, the hypothalamus stas secreting pulsatile GnRH, which initiates the other cascading events leading to maturity of the sexual organs and pubey.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8aaa9545-8120-495d-ba08-9d950c880521 | [{'content': 'In 4-years-old patient S-ECC is present with recurrent gingival swelling and pain in 61 and 62; what will be your line of treatment: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Endodontic treatment, B. Restoration, C. Extraction, D. Fluoride application', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: In 4-years-old patient S-ECC is present with recurrent gingival swelling and pain in 61 and 62, line of treatment is endodontic treatment.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | c18807a9-ccf8-40f5-8b11-9e2c8b789c3e | [{'content': 'A middle-aged woman came to OPD with a twin pregnancy. She already had 2 first trimester aboion and she has a 3 years old female child who was born at the end of ninth month of gestation. Which of the following is her accurate representation? C = gravid, P = para? \nSelect and explain. \nA. G4P1 1+2+1, B. G4P1 0+1+2, C. G5P1 2+0+1, D. G5P0 1+0+2', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer- B. G4P1 0+1+2The nomenclature for this question is bused on a system called GTPAL systemGravida and parity: Gravida denotes o pregnant state both present and past, irrespective of the period of gestation.Parity denotes a state of previous pregnancy beyond the period of bility', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 1e482c1e-4aee-48a7-9e4f-c480cc00a094 | [{'content': 'The aspirate from a keratocyst will have: \nSelect and explain. \nA. A low soluble protein content, B. A high soluble protein content, C. Cholesterol crystal, D. inflammatory cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | ca791c44-cb0a-4d17-b6bb-11b32ccb3fbe | [{'content': 'Initially compression osteosynthesis was used for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Malunion, B. Non union, C. Reduce length of bone, D. Increase length of bone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 75ea3569-eb32-44a0-81dd-705aa50c2769 | [{'content': 'Property affected due to diameter of nerve fiber/axon? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Conduction velocity, B. Refractory period, C. Latency period, D. Amplitude', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: With increasing diameter of nerve fiber leads to increase in its conduction velocity.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | e7173db8-8f12-46b3-a2e8-86eaa2574855 | [{'content': 'Routine examination of a 17 years old asymptomatic boy reveals sho PR interval, and delta wave on ECG. The least effective measure for the boy would be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hotter monitoring, B. Treadmill stress test, C. Beta blocker, D. Reassurance', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans.b. Tredmill stress testThis is a case of WPW syndrome. There is no use all treadmill test in these cases as results are often misleading.Holter monitoring would be indicated to detect the development of any arrythmias. Beta-blockers have also been used in asymptomatic cases only as a preventive therapy against the development of PSVT.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anaesthesia | 41bea7f1-6fe1-4441-81ba-579c07008ea6 | [{'content': 'A surgeon decides to operate a patient under epidural anesthesia. 3% Xylocaine with adrenaline is used for administering epidural anesthesia. The patient suddenly develops hypotension after 3 minutes of administration. What is the most likely cause for this? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Systemic absorption of the drug, B. Vasovagal effect, C. Allergy to the drug preparation, D. Penetration into the subarachnoid space', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Penetration into the subarachnoid space(Ref: Miller 7/e p1895: Barash 5/e p1478, 2405)Penetration of drug into the subarachnoid space sholy causes cardiovascular symptoms like hypotension.Systemic absorption of drugs causes neurological symptoms before hypotension.Vasovagal shock occurs immediately, i.e. even before the needle for epidural anesthesia is injected.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Biochemistry | 9a17b183-56ee-4cb1-865c-ee83d2b40d52 | [{'content': 'A person after consuming raw eggs presents with weakness, fatigue & hypoglycemia. Doctor gave him vitamin tablets. Which enzyme deficiency is causing hypoglycemia in this patient: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, B. Pyruvate carboxylase, C. Glycogen phosphorylase, D. Glucose 6 phosphatase', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Raw eggs contain protein Avidin - tightly binds to Biotin (vit B7) and is excreted along with biotin. Biotin is required for all carboxylases. All carboxylases require ATP also. So, enzyme affected is carboxylase which requires Biotin as coenzyme Pyruvate Carboxylase is the first enzyme of gluconeogenesis. Regarding other options: Glycogen Phosphorylase ROLE of Glycogenolysis Requires vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal phosphate0 No relation with glycogen phosphorylase and egg avidin Glucose 6 phosphatase A common enzyme in gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis Deficiency leads to hypoglycemia and that is called Von Gierke's disease (Type 1 glycogen storage disease). - Von Gierke's disease is the most common glycogen storage disease, especially in children.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 2b6830cf-090a-415c-adee-e61a42038930 | [{'content': 'Mandibular fossa is a part of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandible bone, B. Maxilla bone, C. Sphenoid bone, D. Temporal bone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Mandibular fossa is a part of temporal bone. It along with articular tubercle forms the upper articular surface of TMJ.\nNote:Lower articular surface is formed by head of mandible', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Surgery | 8e0eacd3-9755-426d-b1c5-2bff71295f88 | [{'content': 'Which of the following scoring system is used for wound infection? \nSelect and explain. \nA. ASA score, B. SIRS score, C. Southampton score, D. Glasgow score', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Southampton Wound Grading System Grade/Appearance Subtype/Appearance 0: Normal healing I: Normal healing with mild bruising or erythema la: some bruising lb: Considerable bruising Ic: Mild erythema II: Erythema plus other signs of inflammation IIa: At one point IIb: Around sutures IIc: Along wound IId: Around wound III: Clear or hemoserous discharge IIIa: At one point only (<2 cm) IIIb: Along wound (>2 cm IIIc: Large volume IIId: Prolonged (>3 days) IV: Pus IVa: At one point only (<2 cm) IVb: Along wound (>2 cm)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8b2419cc-518a-4fc5-8d09-594e35e796c0 | [{'content': 'Ellis and deway classification of traumatic fractures are\nhow many \nSelect and explain. \nA. 9, B. 5, C. 3, D. 4', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 1f154298-9b29-4661-a4da-3b88bc5acc64 | [{'content': 'β-oxidation of odd-chain fatty acids produce: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Succinyl CoA, B. Propionyl CoA, C. Acetyl CoA, D. Malonyl CoA', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | bed477a6-5416-4f65-9859-e454fa02adbc | [{'content': 'All of the following can cause epidemic in post-disaster period except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Leishmaniasis, B. Leptospirosis, C. Rickettsiosis, D. Acute respiratory infections', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. LeishmaniasisPost-disaster PeriodAn outbreak of gastroenteritis is the most commonly repoed disease in the post-disaster period. Increased incidence of acute respiratory infections is also common in the displaced population.Vector-borne diseases will not appear immediately but may take several weeks to reach epidemic levels. Displacement of domestic and wild animals increases the risk of transmission of zoonoses. Some of these animals may be reservoirs of infections such as leptospirosis, rickettsiosis, etc.Rickettsial diseases are also seen post-disaster especially in refugee camps.Wild animals are reservoirs of infections, which can be fatal such as equine encephalitis, rabies, and infections still unknown to humans.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | abbc3eaf-dde4-426e-9222-6bbd6522888f | [{'content': 'Most common morphological variation is seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary lateral incisor, B. Mandibular lateral incisor, C. Maxillary canine, D. Mandibular canine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Surgery | 063acadd-aa14-4684-87cb-ee4ee644da8c | [{'content': 'A 10 years old boy came to emergency with complains of severe pain in right scrotum that is not relieved for the past 1 hour. On examination, testicular torsion of the right side is suspected. The surgical intervention should be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Immediate scrotal exploration of the affected side and operate opposite side if symptomatic, B. Delay exploration and operate opposite side if symptomatic, C. Immediate exploration of the affected side and operate opposite side even if asymptomatic, D. Delayed exploration on the affected side along with the opposite side even if asymptomatic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Testicular torsion - It is a surgical emergency - Confirm the diagnosis by decreased vascularity in Doppler (IOC) - Emergency orchidopexy- Within 4 hours - In patients of ischemia - Orchidectomy - During orchidopexy- Contralateral hemiscrotum should be explored and fixed because bell clappers deformity is usually bilateral. - Bilateral orchidopexy is preferred for Testicular torsion', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b444b8b8-faf7-4a56-be73-c880ad2f2c8f | [{'content': 'In which of the following condition, mandibular stabilization is not governed by the facial nerve contraction? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Infantile swallow, B. Mature swallow, C. Complex tongue thrusting, D. Retained infantile swallow', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | ff410d96-12d4-43ba-8b24-7bfbd8ad360c | [{'content': 'Enzymes help by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lowering the activation energy, B. Increasing the substrate concentration, C. Decreasing the surface tension, D. Increasing the activation energy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | f453239e-7a50-4fcc-a6c3-a30bab8a7bbc | [{'content': "Best biochemical description of glucose is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Exists as ketose sugar, B. Present in L form in all biosystems, C. Its C-4 epimer is galactose, D. It's a disaccharide", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Glucose:\n\nSimple sugar (monosaccharides)\nHas six carbon atoms (hexose)\nIts C-4 epimer is galactose\nHas 2 isomers - D-isomer (D-glucose/dextrose, occurs\xa0widely in nature) and L-isomer (L-glucose - does not\xa0occur much in nature)\nIt is stored as a polymer (in plants as starch and in animals\xa0as glycogen)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 80d59cb5-4ac4-4540-8ac1-61d508892ba5 | [{'content': 'Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres travel to otic ganglion from: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Facial nerve, B. Glossopharyngeal nerve, C. Trigeminal nerve, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | e0120b3c-b9c7-4167-a9e7-b07b767d14d3 | [{'content': 'In a non-diabetic high risk pregnancy the ideal time for non stress test monitoring is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 48 hrs, B. 72 hrs, C. 96 hrs, D. 24 hrs', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Intervals between NST testing\n“The interval between tests is arbitrarily set at 7 days. According to ACOG, more frequent testing is advocated for women with posterm pregnancy, type I diabetes mellitus, IUGR or gestational hypertension. In these circumstances some investigators recommend twice weekly (i.e. after 72 hours) with additional testing performed for maternal or fetal deterioration regardless of the time elapsed since the last test. Others recommend NST daily. Generally daily NST is recommended with severe preeclampsia remote from term.”', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 814f7a8f-438c-43ba-883c-4d020de61083 | [{'content': 'Age of preoperational stage is \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1-2 years, B. 2-7 years, C. 8-11 years, D. 0-2 years', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Surgery | 8e0091b2-ee93-4115-8bf5-c4f53ef0d118 | [{'content': 'A Patient presented to emergence after A with multiple rib fractures. He is conscious speaking single words. On examination, respiratory rate was 40/minute and BP was 90/40 mmHg. What is immediate next step? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Urgent IV fluid administration, B. Intubate the patient, C. Chest X-ray, D. Needle inseion in 2nd intercostal space', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: A + Multiple Rib Hemothorax Pneumothorax Tension Pneumothorax Flail chest with pulmonary contusion Conscious + Speaking Single words Dyspnea Tachypnea - RR - 40 min - Tachypnea - BP - 90/40 mmHg - Low BP TENSION Pneumothorax Multiple Rib Dyspnea Tachypnea Low BP Tension Pneumothorax: d/t "One-way valve" air leak Complete collapse of punctured lung Mediastinum - opposite side displacement | venous return M/C Penetrating chest trauma. Blunt chest trauma with air leak Latrogenic Clinical Picture: Restlessness Tachypnea Dyspnea Distended neck veins. Management: Clinical dx with dire emergency T/t should be never delayed for radiological confirmation. Hence, CXR is not performed. Treatment: Immediate decompression + wide bore needle into 2nd ICS - mid-clavicular line T/f of choice: ICT inseion - 5th ICS (Triangle of Safety) in anterior axillary lines Triangle of Safety:Boundaries:Anterior- Lat. Border of Pec. MajorPosterior- Lat. border of Latissimus dorsiSuperior/Apex- Base of AxillaInferior/Base- Line passing through 5th ICS', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4a6eaca4-d9e1-4cb1-b30a-7cbbbd07f683 | [{'content': 'In class 2 inlay preparation, How should the pulpal floor be placed in comparison with pulpal floor in amalgam class 2 preparation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Deeper, B. Pulpal floor for amalgam should be placed deeper in dentin, C. Same as Amalgam, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | dd01b2ed-fb23-4b63-b9f0-5f6d2142d00d | [{'content': 'The fourth root canal if present in a maxillary 1st molar\nis usually present in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mesiolingual root, B. Mesiobuccal, C. Palatal root, D. Distal root', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ae97bd1c-7138-4c9f-abf6-52375abcd6f4 | [{'content': 'Which of the following component acts as an accelerator in ZOE impression paste? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Zinc Sulphate & Zinc chloride, B. Zinc chloride & Eugenol, C. Zinc Sulphate & Eugenol, D. Glycerin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 13775adf-3c9f-46c4-9149-d0a382e24277 | [{'content': 'Which drug causes flagellate pigmentation of skin? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bleomycin, B. Minocycline, C. Vincristine, D. Daunorubicin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. BleomycinRef: Goodman and Gilman, I3,h ed., pg. 1193Few case repos of bleomycin induced flagellate dermatitis and pigmentations are available in literature.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 362bf8a9-de7e-48dd-aecf-3ecd13b280b8 | [{'content': 'If during an application of an orthodontic force, the level declines to zero between activations then the force duration is classified as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Continuous force, B. Interrupted force, C. Intermittent force, D. Differential force', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 1bcc4893-9641-4f95-95c7-8c81492eb9a9 | [{'content': 'Which material undergoes hysteresis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Irreversible hydrocolloid, B. Reversible hydrocolloid, C. Impression plaster, D. Metallic oxide paste', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | 731b8834-5904-47e0-a208-d46bcf1c6c9b | [{'content': 'In 3rd nerve palsy all seen except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pupil dilation, B. Ptosis, C. Outward upward rolling of pupil, D. Impaired pupillary reflex', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Pupil dilationRef: American Academy of Ophthalmolog 2018, third nerve palsyThe pathway for pupillary constriction for each eye has an afferent limb taking sensory information to the midbrain, and two efferent limbs (one to each eye).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 163e1bfc-0b55-4bbe-9eb4-e18802ccfd24 | [{'content': 'Mesial marginal developmental groove is seen in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary 1st premolar, B. Mandibular lateral incisor, C. Maxillary lateral incisor, D. Mandibular 1st premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Mesial Aspect\n\nFrom the mesial and distal aspect both the buccal and lingual cusps are visible\nA well developed mesial marginal ridge and a mesial marginal developmental groove is present\nIn the middle of the mesial surface is the mesial developmental depression which continues beyond the cervical line', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | bad6110e-a565-49ea-b3fb-a22adb83e53c | [{'content': 'Focal sclerosing osteomyelitis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Due to excessive periosteal bone formation, B. An extremely painful condition, C. Due to low grade chronic infection, D. A common sequel following sequestrectomy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c31b85f2-e3c3-4122-a330-2d5452dfb836 | [{'content': 'Counter bevel in tooth should not be given in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Facial surface of premolar, B. Occlusal surface of premolar, C. Lingual surface of premolar, D. Any surface of premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Direct lines: “A counter bevel is not placed on the\xa0facial cusps of maxillary premolars and first molars\xa0due to esthetic considerations”.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pharmacology | 5ec6e275-1772-4d73-8776-77b38eb82ef2 | [{'content': 'Which of the following drug has gameticidal action against all species of plasmodium? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Primaquine, B. Chloroquine, C. Quinine, D. None of these', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Primaquine: It is gameticidal against all species of Plasmodium i.e. vivax, ovale, falciparum, malariae. Hence, it is DOC to prevent transmission of malaria. It is also used for Radical cure of vivax and ovale malaria as it can kill hypnozoites as well. Chloroquine and Quinine: Gameticidal against P. vivax species only', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 3f3eba1b-e5c8-4213-9fa1-c73b569b116d | [{'content': 'Arch perimeter can be measured with \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cephalogram, B. Brass wire, C. Vernier calipers, D. Occlusal radiograph', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8c856812-d5b4-4d2f-8a29-8265bab5ecb6 | [{'content': 'Ideal depth for root end filling with MTA is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 3mm, B. 5mm, C. 7mm, D. 1mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 6c237081-5070-4262-8a45-5b308499818b | [{'content': 'Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis usually occurs: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prior to age 10, B. Between ages 13 to 30, C. At the onset of the menstrual period, D. During menopause', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 280724b1-2ca3-416f-beb6-3e06c2511b1f | [{'content': 'In spherical alloys as compared to lathe cut: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Less condensing force is required, B. More condensing force is required, C. Both require same condensing force, D. Manipulation is easy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 3745bf96-43aa-40b2-ae62-3be01c0f92a4 | [{'content': 'A young female presents to OPD with a spontaneous aboion and secondary amenorrhea since then. FSH was found to be 6 IU/mL. What is the most probable cause of amenorrhea? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ovarian failure, B. Pituitary failure, C. Ongoing pregnancy, D. Uterine synechiae', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: * Since the lady is having secondary amenorrhea following an aboion, uterine synechiae is the most likely. Although uterine synechiae mostly develops with an overzealous curretage, it is also seen in spontaneous aboions. Also, here FSH levels are normal so it ours an end organ pathology. (Normal serum FSH value in adult woman is 5 - 20 lU/ml).* In case of ovarian failure - FSH will be high* In case of pituitary failure - Level of FSH is low.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | d1172f42-7798-412a-9097-fce4ccea0db1 | [{'content': 'Most common route for metastasis of oral cancer is by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Direct extension, B. Lymphatics, C. Blood vessels, D. Aspiration of tumor cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | ff7fb7f6-d85e-44f5-af84-9dc2d140b067 | [{'content': "All the following are features of Addison's disease, EXCEPT: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hypoglycemia, B. Hypocalcaemia, C. Hypotension, D. Hyponatremia", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8a91d036-5cc2-49a1-8ce0-d92b771ed10d | [{'content': 'Electric nerve tester detects pain by stimulating which nerve fibres (OR) Sharp, shooting pain in reversible pulpitis indicates stimulation of (OR) In pulp hyperemia which nerve fibers are stimulated \nSelect and explain. \nA. A alpha, B. A beta, C. A delta, D. C fibres', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | a4dc69af-5979-42bd-aa75-154aad4d8565 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is ω9 family? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Oleic Acid, B. Linoleic acid, C. Linolenic acid, D. Arachidonic acid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 0b1e3ca7-b56b-4c9c-a660-2ff1a12393b1 | [{'content': 'Who discovered the structure and amino acid sequence of insulin as well as the interspecies differences in molecular structure and won the Nobel prize for? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prof. JJ Abel, B. Frederick Sanger, C. Rutter, Goodman and Uhlich, D. Frederick Banting and Charles Best', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: b. Frederick Sanger /Ref Lehninger 5/e p903-904, 292)Frederick Sanger discovered the structure and amino acid sequence of insulin as well as the interspecies differences in molecular structure and got the Nobel Prize for that.Fredrick Sanger again with Walter Gil,be got Nobel prize in 1980Jim sequencing of large nucleic acid (DNA) molecule."', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
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