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This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | cc64f500-28ff-4757-9bef-65e53ea5685f | [{'content': 'In a patient of rheumatic heart disease with fever and mitral valve vegetations due to infective endocarditis, the vegetation usually do no embolise to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Brain, B. Lungs, C. Liver, D. Spleen.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b2ea1b5d-abd4-426d-823c-facdd2547357 | [{'content': 'Stainless steel orthodontic wire can be hardened by: (OR) Bending orthodontic wire at room temperature is an example of \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tempering, B. Work/ Strain hardening, C. Age hardening, D. Precipitation hardening', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 6788f1c9-7377-4903-a8df-21c81f252f7c | [{'content': 'A lady delivered a normal vaginal delivery and was discharged. On third day she came back with fever, tachycardia and seizures. Fundus showed papilledema with no focal deficits. What is the most likely diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Coical vein thrombosis, B. Meningitis, C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage, D. Acute migraine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Coical vein thrombosisCoical Vein Thrombosis (CVT)Incidence of CVT is increased during pregnancy & in puerperiumIncidence appears higher in developing countries.Predisposing Factors:Prothrombotic conditions, OCPs, pregnancy, puerperiumMalignancy, infection & head injuryClinical Features:MC presenting symptom: Headaches (of gradual, acute, or thunderclap onset)Associated features may include focal neurological sings, seizures and coma.Diagnosis:Diagnosis is done with MR venography.Treatment:Anticonvulsants for seizures; heparinization is recommended by most, its efflcacy is controversial.Antimicrobials for septic thrombophlebitisFibrinolytic therapy is reserved for those women failing systemic anticoagulation', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pathology | ee5e4f25-9cee-48ea-b4aa-b631162d4543 | [{'content': 'Infeility in kaagener syndrome is due to which of the following? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Oligospermia, B. Blockage of epididymis, C. Asthenozoospermia, D. Undescended testis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Kaagener's syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic ciliary disorder in which defective dynein arm results in defective ciliary motility. Presents with a triad of : Situs inversus Bronchiectasis Sinusitis Reduced ciliary motility leads to asthenozoospermia( slow moving sperms)", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 43652970-699f-43d1-b066-d06a6989baf3 | [{'content': 'Regeneration leads to formation of which layer of cementum: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cellular mixed cementum, B. Cellular intrinsic fibre cementum, C. Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum, D. Acellular afibrillar cementum', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 3f414e9c-fdea-4bc4-9d1c-4c270fb37639 | [{'content': 'Mention the true/false statements about digoxin toxicity? \nSelect and explain. \nA. The earliest manifestation of digoxin toxicity are gastrointestinal symptoms, B. Non-specific vision changes may be noted in digoxin toxicity, C. Early toxicity may not correlate with serum levels and Neurological symptoms may occur without corresponding cardiovascular changes, D. All', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. All are true about digoxin toxicity.DIGOXIN TOXICITY:Features:Generally unwell & lethargy.Nausea & vomiting.Confusion.Yellow-green vision.Arrhythmias (e.g. AV block, bradycardia)Dizziness.Precipitating factors:Renal disease HypokalaemiaHypomagnesemia HypoalbuminemiaHypothermiaHypothyroidismHypercalcemia.HypernatremiaAcidosis.Myocardial ischemia.Paial AV block.Drugs:Amiodarone.Quinidine.Verapamil.Spironolactone.Furosemide.Hydrochlorothiazide - Compete with DCT secretion, hence reducing excretion.ManagementDigibind.Correct ventricular arrhythmia by lignocaine.Bradyarrhythmias by propanolol.Atrial tachyarrhythmias by atropine.Phenytoin.Monitor K+', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | ace77d98-571a-4ba0-b073-881b622dcffa | [{'content': 'All of the following bones are the pas of inferior wall of orbit except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ethmoid, B. Maxillary, C. Palatine, D. ZygomaticWhile', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A (Ethmoid)Kanski 5/e p558'The inferior wall of orbit consists of three bones: zygomatic, maxillary, and palatinea'.Boundaries of the OrbitRoofLesser wing of the sphenoidOrbital plate of the plateLateral wallGreater wing of the sphenoidZygomaticInferior wallZygomaticMaxillaryPalatineMedial wallFrontal process of the maxillaLacrimalEthmoidBoby of sphenoid", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | cac444fd-aa7a-4b1d-9940-826b0a6af137 | [{'content': 'Not responsible for chronic gingival inflammation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Neutrophil, B. Macrophages, C. T-lymphocytes, D. Plasma cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | fadfba88-9355-4a6c-9c99-f689dcf6f3a2 | [{'content': 'Which cells are decreased in chronic periodontitis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. B-lymphocytes, B. T-lymphocytes, C. Mast cells, D. Plasma cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8eb6ddd8-9df1-4280-b1bc-e9b8a289db82 | [{'content': 'For calculation of sample size for a prevalence study all of the following are necessary except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Prevalence of disease in population, B. Power of the study, C. Significance level, D. Desired precision', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Sample size depends upon:\n\nThe effect size (usually the difference between 2 groups).\nThe population standard deviation (for continuous data).\nThe desired power of the experiment to detect the postulated effect (Power = 1 – b)\nThe significance level.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 091c018c-210f-4a46-9b8b-6f2c53d72283 | [{'content': 'All are features of benign intracranial hypeension except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Proptosis, B. Normal size ventricles, C. Headache, D. Papilledema', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. ProptosisProptosis is not seen in benign intracranial hypeension.Characteristic features of Pseudotumor Cerebri:Elevated intracranial pressure (intracranial hypeension) with normal or small sized ventricular system.No focal neurological sign.Papilledema (enlarged blind spot in visual fluid).Normal CSF findingNormal CT scanMRI & isotope brain scansExcessive slow-wave activity on ECO2.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | c1ac14de-a0f0-47fa-8451-273abce0150a | [{'content': 'The most common mode of spread of retinoblastoma: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Optic nerve invasion, B. Lymphatics, C. Vascular, D. Direct invasion', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Optic nerve invasion(Ref Kanski 7/e p510-517; Yanoff and Duker 4/e p793)Most common mode of retinoblastoma spread-By optic nerve invasion.Direct extension by continuity to optic nerve & brain seen.Retinoblastoma:Primary malignant intraocular neoplasm.Arising from immature retinoblasts within developing retina.Most common primary intraocular malignancy of childhood in all-racial groups.Strong tendencies invading brain optic nerve & metastasize widely.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | ea10b02c-4402-4a16-9bec-03cc31e8587d | [{'content': 'The organ most resistant to GA is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Spinal Cord, B. Medulla oblonagata, C. Medullary cortex, D. Cerebrum', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 98cdca63-3ab9-437c-b89a-0466c580fd07 | [{'content': 'Continuous murmur can be heard in all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. VSD with aoic regurgitation, B. Coronary AV fistula, C. Pulmonary AV fistula, D. Patent ductus aeriosus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. VSD with aoic regurgitation(Ref Harrison 19/e p51e-2, 1449, 18/e p 1829)VSD with aoic regurgitation:Produces pansystolic & early diastolic murmur, not continuous.Continuous murmur:Classic example - PDA.Usually heard in second or third interspace.At a slight distance from sternal border.Other causes:Causes of Continuous MurmursContinuous murmur caused by blood flowContinuous murmurs caused by high-to-low pressure shuntsContinuous murmurs secondary to localized aerial obstructionVenous humMammary souffleHemangiomaHypehyroidismAcute alcoholichepatitisHyperemia of neoplasmHepatomaRCCPaget's diseaseSystemic aery to pulmonary aeryPatient ductus aeriosusdegAoopulmonary windowTruncus aeriosusdegPulmonary atresiadegAnomalous left coronary aerySequestration of the lungSystemic aery to right heaRuptured sinus of ValsalvadegAV fistula (systemic or pulmonic)degCoronary AV fistulaLeft-to-right atrial shuntingLutembacher syndromeMitral atresia plus atrialseptal defectVenovenous shuntsAnomalous pulmonaryveinsPoosystemic shuntsBronchiectasisCoarctation of aoaBranch pulmonary aerystenosisCarotid aery occlusionCeliac mesentericocclusionRenal aery occlusionFemoral aery occlusionCoronary aeryocclusion", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | fd8307b4-06b2-4493-bd48-46121a660315 | [{'content': 'Impedence based apex locator is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Generation 1, B. Generation 2, C. Generation 3, D. Generation 4', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Second Generation Apex Locator (Impedance-based Apex Locator) / Low Frequency Apex Locator\n\nInoue introduced the concept of impedance-based apex locator which measures opposition to flow of alternating current or impedance.\nThis apex locator indicates the apex when two impedance values approach each other.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b4723de5-5313-495c-b366-464e4e5cd145 | [{'content': 'Mechanism of adhesion of GIC restoration with tooth surface is by means of? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Carboxyl group, B. Chelates with Metal Ions, C. C=C double bond, D. Polymer Chains', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Surgery | 1146bb08-e590-4323-a743-83bc2d531045 | [{'content': 'A 10 year old child came to the OPD with pain and mass in right lumbar region with no fever, with right hip flexed. The pain increased on extension and X ray showed spine changes. Most probable diagnosis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Psoas abscess, B. Pyonephrosis, C. Appendicular lump in retrocecal position, D. Torsion of Right undescended testis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: From the given history: No fever Mass in right lumbar region Spine changes - Pyonephrosis, Appendicular lump in retrocecal position, Torsion of Right undescended testis can be ruled out as these conditions wont present with these clinical features Psoas abscess: Psoas Abscesses: The psoas muscle is another location in which abscesses are encountered. Psoas abscesses may arise from a hematogenous source, by contiguous spread from an intra- abdominal or pelvic process, or by contiguous spread from nearby bony structures (e.g., veebral bodies). Associated osteomyelitis due to spread from bone to muscle or from muscle to bone is common in psoas abscesses. When pott\'s disease was common, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was a frequent cause of psoas abscess. Currently, either S. aureus or a mixture of enteric organisms including aerobic and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli is usually isolated from psoas abscesses in the United States. S. aureus is most likely to be isolated when a psoas abscess arises from hematogenous spread or a contiguous focus of osteomyelitis; a mixed enteric flora is the most likely etiology when the abscess has an intra- abdominal or pelvic source. Patients with psoas abscesses frequently present with fever, lower abdominal or back pain, or pain referred to the hip or knee. CT is the most useful diagnostic technique."- Harrison 19/e p852 "Spinal TB (Pott\'s disease or tuberculous spondylitis) often involves two or more adjacent veebral bodies. Whereas the upper thoracic spine is the most common site of spinal TB in children, the lower thoracic and upper lumbar veebrae are usually affected in adults. From the anterior superior or inferior angle of the veebral body, the lesion slowly reaches the adjacent body, later affecting the interveebral disk. With advanced disease, collapse of veebral bodies results in kyphosis (gibbus). A paraveebral "cold" abscess may also form. In the upper spine, this abscess may track to and penetrate the chest wall, presenting as a soft tissue mass; in the lower spine, it may reach the inguinal ligaments or present as a psoas abscess. "Harrison 19/e p1110', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | c8c58b43-3a44-4e38-a6b3-245af1dcf2ab | [{'content': 'The process by which the amount of a drug in the body decreases after administration, but before entering the systemic circulation is called: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Excretion, B. First pass effect, C. First order elimination, D. Metabolism', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Reduction in the amount of drug before it enters the systemic circulation is called first pass metabolism (also known as first pass effect) whereas, if the amount of drug decreases after entry into the systemic circulation, it is called elimination. Latter includes excretion and metabolism.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ea82ad9c-fb9b-43d8-b172-7c6e1593f19b | [{'content': 'Eugenol may be replaced in the zinc oxide eugenol cement by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Acetic acid, B. Alginic acid, C. Phosphoric acid, D. Ortho-ethoxy acid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: An important improvement of ZOE cements was the development of materials in which the liquid is a mixture of 2-ethoxybenzoic acid (EBA) and eugenol, roughly in a 2:1 proportion. Rather than forming a stronger matrix, the addition of EBA allows for the use of very high powder-to-liquid ratios (6:1) which, per se, increases the strength of the set cement. In\xa0these\xa0materials,\xa0alumina\xa0(30%)\xa0was\xa0added\xa0to\xa0the powder\xa0as\xa0a\xa0reinforcing\xa0agent.\nRef: Craig's restorative dentistry ed 13 pg 284", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 92cf238d-78b7-4a6b-afd8-efa39e19084b | [{'content': 'Cross-linking in resins helps increasing: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Strength, B. Hardness, C. Crazing resistance, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: The resin matrix in most dental composites is based on a blend of aromatic and/or aliphatic dimethacrylate monomers such as bis-GMA and urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), to form highly cross-linked, strong, rigid, and durable polymer structures.\nAnusavice, Shen, Rawls. Phillip’s Science of Dental Materials. Edition 12. Page:\u200b295', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | ea74c4e3-b77c-4f4b-93f5-446329dca730 | [{'content': 'Which of the following leads to an increase in enzyme activity - \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increase in temperature, B. Decrease in activation energy, C. Extremes of pH value, D. Low substrate concentration', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer-B. -Decrease in activation energyThe enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the magnitude of the activation energy banier, i.e.,free energy of Activation', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 58d9be9a-04f6-4c5a-b454-65f2683e3669 | [{'content': 'Nutrients are mainly absorbed in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Small intestine, B. Large intestine, C. Liver, D. Stomach', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Proteins, carbohydrates, fats and other nutritive substances like vitamins, and minerals are absorbed mostly in small intestine.\nIn the small intestine, secondary active transport of Na+ is important in bringing about absorption of glucose, some amino acids, and other substances such as bile acids.\nReference: GUYTON AND HALL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY, THIRTEENTH EDITION(INTERNATIONAL EDITION ) page no 464', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b4bc58aa-2cda-4903-9111-bb1517f8513b | [{'content': 'Calcification of falx cerebrl is seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sturge Weber syndrome, B. Gorlin goltz syndrome, C. Mobius syndrome, D. Caffey silverman syndrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 764694a9-132d-4eec-ba26-4a74eb003e0e | [{'content': '70-74.9% cephalic index indicates: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hyperdolichocephalic, B. Dolichocephalic, C. Mesocephalic, D. Brachycephalic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 01b445b9-8c7f-4cb1-b14c-d766cd4483dd | [{'content': 'Most commonly used tooth numbering system in books is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Universal system, B. Zigmondy and Palmar, C. FDI, D. Grid System', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: In clinical practice MC is Zigmondy and palmar system(Grid system).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2188b78d-3d75-48d8-b072-5fa0ba00ea1b | [{'content': 'A child who has an avulsed tooth 1/2 hour back should\ncarry the tooth to the dentist in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cold milk, B. Normal saline, C. Wrapped in a wet handkerchief, D. Buccal vestibule', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | aa928f6b-b194-44e7-ae8e-88a92c365fdc | [{'content': 'The term poikilokaryosis refers to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Alteration of nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, B. Division of nuclei without division of cytoplasm, C. Large, prominent nuclei, D. Loss of polarity and disorientation of cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 1d52cc45-c223-46cb-8774-c2dc1051f116 | [{'content': 'Example of Dystrophic calcification- \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hyperparathyroidism, B. Sarcoidosis, C. Hypervitaminosis D, D. Myositis ossificans', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. Myositis ossificansMyositis Ossificans (MO) is an unusual pathological entity still largely unknown, characterized by dystrophic calcification leading to heterotopic ossification of intramuscular connective tissue.DYSTROPHIC CALCIFICATION may occur due to 2 types of causes:Calcification in dead tissueCalcification of degenerated tissue.Calcification in dead tissue:Caseous necrosis in tuberculosisLiquefaction necrosis in chronic abscessesFat necrosis following acute pancreatitis or traumatic fatnecrosis in the breast results in the deposition of calcium soaps.Gamma-Gandy bodies in chronic venous congestion (CVC) of the spleen is characterized by calcific deposits admixed with haemosiderin on fibrous tissue.Infarcts may sometimes undergo dystrophic calcification.Thrombi, especially in the veins, may produce phleboliths.Haematomas in the vicinity of bones may undergo dystrophic calcification.Dead parasites like in hydatid cyst, Schistosoma eggs, and cysticercosis are some of the examples showing dystrophic calcification.Calcification in breast cancer detected by mammography.Congenital toxoplasmosis involving the central nervous system visualized by calcification in the infant's brain.Calcification in degenerated tissues1. Dense old scars may undergo hyaline degeneration and subsequent calcification.2. Atheromas in the aoa and coronaries frequently undergo calcification.3. Mo?nckeberg's sclerosis shows calcification in the tunica media of muscular aeries in elderly people.4. The stroma of tumors such as uterine fibroids, breast cancer, thyroid adenoma, goiter, etc shows calcification.5. Some tumors show characteristic spherules of calcification called psammoma bodies or calcospherites such as in meningioma, papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.6. Cysts that have been present for a long time may show calcification of their walls e.g. epidermal and pilar cysts.7. Calcinosis cutis is a condition of unknown cause in which there are irregular nodular deposits of calcium salts in the skin and subcutaneous tissue.8. Senile degenerative changes may be accompanied by dystrophic calcification such as in coastal cailages, tracheal or bronchial cailages, and pineal glands in the brain, etc.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2fdf4db2-3316-4a87-83db-58c499f8f8ef | [{'content': 'In National Water Supply and Sanitation programme a problem village is defined as all except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Distance of safe water is greater than 1.6 Km, B. Water is exposed to the risk of cholera, C. Water source has excess iron and heavy metals, D. Water infested with Guniea worm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | f1f6d835-f4cb-4adf-84e4-11036fa0d986 | [{'content': 'Autoinnoculation is seen with? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ameloblastoma, B. Papilloma, C. Benign pemphigoid, D. Leukoplakia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 97b2703f-bd3b-4791-a000-bc310975d650 | [{'content': 'The following condition do not create gingival defects necessitating gingivoplasty except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, B. Desquamative gingivitis, C. Erosive lichen planus, D. Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | fd03f7de-6c4a-4244-97c6-12829919c1ed | [{'content': "female patient came with right side hearing loss, better heard in a noisy environment,Audiogram shown with about 30-40 dB gap between AC-BC of right & left ear. Rinne's test negative, Weber's test centralised. Which of the following condition shown? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Meniere's disease, B. stapedial otosclerosis, C. Presbycusis, D. Vestibular schwannoma", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer-B- stapedial otosclerosisIn otosclerosis the normal dense endochondral layer of the bony otic capsule gets replaced by irregularly laid spongy bone. Most common site is fissula ante fenestram (anterior tothe oval window)Age group affected is 20-45 years (maximum between 20-30 years). Male:female ratio is 1:2.meniere's disease i.e Endolymphatic hydrops leads to SNHL and not conductive hearing loss.Tuning ForkTests in Otosclerosis: Rinnes test-negative ,Weber's test-lateralized to ear with greater conductive loss.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 26d80f62-bb99-43ee-8972-aa4dab9a8264 | [{'content': 'A middle-aged man comes after a road traffic accident with bleeding from the scalp. He is unconscious. A card in his pocket reveals that he is a known diabetic on Tab Glimepiride + Metformin 2 tablets twice daily. What should the next step in management? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Send blood for tests, sta IV glucose and send to CT, B. Sta normal saline and send to CT, C. Dextrose solution, CT scan, D. Airway, CT scan. Blood sugar if <70 sta dextrose', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D.Airway, CT scan. Blood sugar if <70 sta dextrose (Ref Harrison 19/e p2435, 18/e p3008; ATLS 9/e 2013; 72(5): p1363-1366)First testing of blood sugar necessary before glucose administration for dehydration.To rule out diabetic ketoacidotic coma rather than hypoglycemia.Non-contrast head CT (NCCT):Advisable in emergency situations.To avoid cerebral edema due to glucose administration.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8f72b48f-bcd0-4332-aef2-86cca402e16e | [{'content': 'Which of the following is a method of achieving slow separation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Seperating rubber bands, B. Rubber Dam Sheet, C. Ligature wire, D. All of the following', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Methods of achieving slow separation\n1. Separating rubber rings or bands\n2. Rubber dam sheet\n3. Ligature wire or copper wire\n4. Gutta percha sticks\n5. Oversized temporary crowns\n6. Fixed orthodontic appliance', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 51a748a3-8ba1-46ad-af64-fec2fca2b81b | [{'content': "In Caries Assessment Test (CAT), which condition doesn't come in highest risk category? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Isolated with spot lesion on tooth, B. Enamel hypoplasia, C. Child with special care need, D. Visible plaque on anterior teeth", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 102cc189-c373-4850-a523-676b18741b16 | [{'content': 'High angle case is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. FMIA > 65, B. IMP > 100, C. FMP > 35°, D. SNA >4°', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 4d992bbe-1bd9-417f-b08b-4a1c22095439 | [{'content': "Mother to children's transmission is a key feature of which pattern of inheritance? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Codominance, B. Autosomal dominant inheritance, C. Recessive inheritance, D. Mitochondrial inheritance", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans-d-Mitocondrial inheritance , it is the only non-chromosomal DNA in human cells.Mitochondria! DNA, is always maternally inherited.Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA are located in different places in the cell. During feilization, the sperm and egg cell nuclei fuse to form an embryo.The egg cell is very large compared to the sperm, so although the cells nuclei fuse, the rest of the cell mass in the embryo comes from the egg only.Nuclear DNA is therefore co-inherited but the mitochondrial DNA, which is located outside of the nucleus, is always maternally inherited because all mitochondria in a foetus and later adult are derived from the mitochondria in the mother 's egg.So, in diseases showing mitochondria! inheritance all children from affected mother will inherit the disease but it will not be transmitted from an affected father to his children.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | bbc08675-2e06-4229-aecc-74dbf064a4bd | [{'content': 'Sublingual tablet or sublingual GTN metered dose aerosol usually relieve angina in \nSelect and explain. \nA. 15 sec, B. 2-3 min, C. 10-12 min, D. 30 min', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Microbiology | 8692345e-a600-4355-a964-bb514b16d977 | [{'content': 'Gene not involved in SCID \nSelect and explain. \nA. BTK, B. ZAP70, C. IL2RG, D. JAK3', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: BTK gene is involved in Buon's disease or X linked agammaglobulinemia. Most cases of X linked Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) are due to mutations in IL2RG gene. Other mutations are defective enzyme production in Adenosine deaminase and mutations in ZAP -70 which causes defective T cell signalling which causes combined immunodeficiency and mutation occurs in JAK-3.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | bf8d5b76-bda5-4221-95ef-d536c00c24ee | [{'content': "A 6–month–old infant presents to the 'diarrhoea clinic' unit with some dehydration. The most likely organism causing diarrhea is – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Entamoeba histolytica, B. Rotavirus, C. Giardia lamblia, D. Shigella", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ghai states -\xa0"In India Rotavirus and enterotoxogenic E.coli account for nearly half of the total diarrhoea) episodes\xa0among children".', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ea6f0358-ea68-42bc-b72c-d1fcaad7e10e | [{'content': 'Lip and mentalis muscle contraction are not seen in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mature swallow, B. Simple tongue thrust, C. Complex tongue thrust, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 24def2ac-27df-4d80-9792-fc5708a94153 | [{'content': 'ABC and VED analysis at PHC are done for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Drug inventory, B. Staff management, C. Vaccination coverage, D. National Programs implementation.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Drug inventoryABC and VED analysis at PHC are done for drug inventory.Inventory control is a scientific system which indicates as to what to order, when to order, and how much to order, and how much to stock so that purchasing costs and storing costs are kept as low as possible.It helps to protect against the fluctuation in supply and demand, unceainty and minimise waiting time.There are various methods involved for inventory control but two are commonly used: Always, better and control (ABC) and vital, essential and desirable (VED).', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 519a4ff4-7e05-455a-b8dd-edd85636dccf | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not true regarding teeth features and ethnicity? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Upper third molar is most commonly absent in Mongolians, B. Carabelli cusps are seen in Caucasians, C. Negros have wide molar cusps and deep, shovel shaped cusps in incisors, D. Prominent lingual ridge and labial ridge is seen in Mongolians', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. Negros have wide molar cusps and deep, shovel-shaped cusps in incisors The presence of shovel-shaped incision is a feature of Mongolians, and it is uncommon in Negros.A congenital lack of the third upper molar is most common in Mongolians but can occur in any race. Small nodules on the lingual surface of maxillary molars, called 'Carabelli's cusp', are most common in Caucasian races and rare in the other major racial groups. Negroid races tend to have large teeth and often have more cusps on their molars, even up to eight, with two lingual cusps on the mandibular first premolars as an additional common finding.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 49aad5fe-d52b-4520-9fcd-e199f5f0f4c7 | [{'content': 'Continues use of vibrator can leads to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Random nodule formation, B. Surface roughness, C. Surface irregularities, D. Discoloration', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | bd013977-8ad6-4328-831f-360862a6c3f2 | [{'content': 'Most reliable method of recording centric relation \nSelect and explain. \nA. Graphic tracing with excursive movements, B. Wax cone method, C. Trial and error method, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e7fa6148-7a14-4133-a1d3-c443b970c349 | [{'content': 'Most common chances of pulpal exposure will be there if pulpal floor is made perpendicular to the long axis of tooth: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Maxillary 1st premolar, B. Maxillary 1st molar, C. Mandibular 1st premolar, D. Mandibular 2nd premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Microbiology | 7dddfcb4-e0a3-4d71-b95e-49241da2abd5 | [{'content': "Diagnosis of CI. Difficile infection is made by which of the following methods? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Toxin gene detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), B. Culture, C. Enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), D. Nagler's reaction", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Clostridium difficile is difficult to culture. The best method for its diagnosis is PCR for tox gene. Nagler's reaction is done for Cl. Perfringens. It is a neutralizaton reaction.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | e3b365b5-231a-4439-900a-c2cd741266a1 | [{'content': 'A 37-year-old patient presented to you with hyper-extension of 4th and 5th metacarpophalangeal joint with flexion at proximal interphalangeal joint. This deformity is due to injury to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Deep branch of ulnar nerve, B. Median nerve, C. Radial nerve, D. Superficial branch of median nerve', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Deep branch of ulnar nerve(Ref: Gray's 41/C p784, 866, 40/e p888)Deformity = Claw hand.Due to injury of deep branch of ulnar nerve.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 8fa85cca-19b5-42e5-90b2-b2d79087954b | [{'content': 'Myofunctional appliance is given at which stage: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Primary dentition, B. Mixed dentition, C. Permanent dentition, D. Adulthood', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The term myofunctional therapy was proposed by lischer. Best period for myofunctional therapy is the late mixed dentition period.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d8e3d7c2-cf2f-4dad-a3ad-50352f228de4 | [{'content': 'Not true about NRHM \nSelect and explain. \nA. Appoint ASHA, B. Strengthen institutional delivery under JSY, C. Health and family welfare societies, D. State and district health mission', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 65d9eeb1-814f-41c7-b7df-efb272a9fdc0 | [{'content': 'Model plaster (white) used to cast study models before mixing with water, is largely composed of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. CaO, B. CaCO3, C. CaSO4\xa0 • ½H2O, D. CaSO4 • 2H2O', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: When plaster is mixed with water, it takes up one and a half molecules of water, i.e, it regains its water of crystallization and becomes calcium sulphate dihydrate.\n(CaSO4)2.H2O + 3H2O → 2CaSO4.2H2O+ unreacted (CaSO4)2.½H2O\xa0+ Heat\nHemihydrate + Water\xa0→\xa0Dihydrate + Unreacted hemihydrate +\xa0Heat\nThe reaction is exothermic and is the same for all gypsum products. The amount of water required to produce a workable mix varies between the products. As evident from\xa0the above reaction, not all of the hemihydrate converts to dihydrate. The amount of conversion is dependent on the type of stone. The highest conversion rate is seen in plaster (90%). In Type 4 and 5 stone, the dihydrate content is\xa0about 50%.\xa0\nKey Concept\nThis corresponds to the first step in the reaction. The principal constituent of gypsum-based\xa0products\xa0is\xa0calcium\xa0sulfate\xa0hemihydrate\xa0.\nPhillips Science of Dental Materials ed 12 pg183', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 46ad47af-1a99-4c9a-a81b-58316ce06439 | [{'content': 'Which of the following nonaqueous elastomeric impression materials has the least shelf life \nSelect and explain. \nA. Poly ether, B. Addition silicone, C. Condensation silicone, D. Polysulphide', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Pharmacology | e2784a8a-04af-4ced-8bf8-e6c496245df2 | [{'content': 'A female in labor ward was administered opioid analgesic. Which of the following drugs should be kept ready for emergency? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Lignocaine, B. Naloxone, C. Diphenhydramine, D. Fentanyl', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Naloxone is an opioid anatagonist given intravenously. It blocks mu, kappa and delta receptors. It is the DOC for opioid toxicity. Lignocaine is a local anaesthetic. Diphenhydramine is a first generation antihistaminic. Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 6c101536-99cd-419b-98c7-8ed1b7a74727 | [{'content': 'When we try to find out significance of difference in height of children between 2 classes in a school, which test is used? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Unpaired test, B. ANOVA, C. Chisquare, D. Coefficient of variance', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a722a3a6-e240-4470-94ac-78dbddfea7c4 | [{'content': 'Composition of KRI paste is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Calcium hydroxide + Iodoform., B. Iodoform+ calcium hydroxide + menthol., C. Iodoform + camphor + parachlorophenol + Menthol., D. Parachlorophenol + Camphor + menthol.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2e3e408c-cf35-4f0c-87d2-1f9479b6840d | [{'content': 'Which of the following tooth shows C shaped canal \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandibular 1st premolar, B. Maxillary 1st premolar, C. Mandibular 2nd premolar, D. Maxillary 2nd premolar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Psychiatry | af75fc76-911b-48da-9ca0-75a8c912c18b | [{'content': 'SPIKES protocol is used for: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Triage, B. Communication with patients/attendants regarding bad news, C. Writing death ceificate, D. RCT', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: It's a protocol for breaking the bad news to patients about their illness Involved six steps S-setting up to the interview P- perception (what patient knows about his condition) I- invitation (finding out how much patient want to know) K- knowledge and information (diagnosis and treatment) E -addressing patients' emotion (how patient feel and respond) S- strategy and summary", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 90d95409-e99f-4cb5-b74f-da3f1675e26b | [{'content': 'Which of the following drugs is a P-glycoprotein inducer? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Azithromycin, B. Ketoconazole, C. Itraconazole, D. Rifampicin', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer- D. RifampicinRifampicin induces the isoenqymes CYP3A4, 2C8, 2C9, 2CI9, 286, and the transpoer P-glycoprotein. When coadministeredwith drugs that are substrates of the same enzymes, their metabolism may be accelerated resulting in lowerconcentration and less efficacy.Inducer-AmprenavirClotrimazoleDexamethasoneIndinavirMorphineNelfinavirPhenothiazineRetinoic acidRifampinRitonavirSaquinavirSt John's wo", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Biochemistry | bc041127-1659-41db-909f-71bc5514bc5c | [{'content': "A male child presented with coarse facies, protuberant abdomen , frontal head enlargement, thickening of cardiac valve, hepatosplenomegaly, hearing impairement. What is the most probable diagnosis? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hurler's disease, B. Hunter's disease, C. Fragile X syndrome, D. Tay Sach's disease", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Coarse facial features is a typical feature of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). Hunter's disease is Type II Mucopolysaccharidosis, in which enzyme deficient is Iduronate Sulfatase. This is X-linked recessive, so occurs exclusively in Males. There is no corneal clouding in Hunter's disease. Option 3- Fragile X-Syndrome is a trinucleotide repeat expansion disorder in which patient has large face, large mandible, large testis, large eveed ears and tall stature. It is the second most common cause of mental retardation. Option 4- Tay Sach's disease is because of increased GM2 Gangliosides due to deficiency of enzyme Hexosaminidase A. Clinical features are mental retardation, cherry red spots on macula and progressive neurodegeneration but no hepatosplenomegaly. ADDITIONAL EDGE: Mucopolysaccharidosis: Type Disease name Enzyme defect Special features GAG accumulated MPS I - H (AR) Hurler disease Alpha - L - Iduronidase Inguinal hernias often present DS + HS MPS I - S (AR) Scheie disease Alpha - L - Iduronidase No mental retardation DS MPS II (XR) Hunter disease (Mild Hurler + Aggressive behaviour) Iduronate Sulfatase No corneal clouding, Exclusively males affected DS + HS MPS VI (AR) Maroteaux Lamy Syndrome Aryl Sulfatase B No mental retardation DS AR- Autosomal Recessive; XR- X-linked Recessive Additional Edge: C/F of Hunter disease Copious nasal discharge. Mental retardation. Coarse facies. Protuberant abdomen because of hepatomegaly and also inguinal hernia in these patients. frontal head enlargement. Thickening of cardiac valve. Hearing impairment. These patients have skeletal abnormalities because these mucopolysaccharides will be accumulated in bones also. And, all mucopolysaccharidosis have corneal clouding except hunter's disease.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | dc020962-d8a1-4790-b268-c6dadb000137 | [{'content': 'A term neonate with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia of 18 mg/dl on 20th day. All are common causes except – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Breast rnilk jaundice, B. Congenital cholangiopathy, C. G 6PD deficiency, D. Hypothyroidism', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: This child has unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, while congenital cholangiopathy causes conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.\nreastfeeding jaundice and Breastmilk jaundice \n\nThere is strong association between exclusive breastfeeding and neonatal jaundice.\nA few babies who remain on exclusive breast feed develop jaundice in the second week of life and continue well into the third month. This is called breastmilk jaundice.\nA bilirubin level of over 20 mg/dl may be attained. (It is presumed to be due to inhibitory substances in the breastmilk that interfere with bilirubin conjugation e.g. pregananediol and free fatty acids).\nTemporary interruption of breastmilk feeds will dramatically reduce the serum levels of bilirubin and there may be slight increase in bilirubin when breast feeding is resumed, but it never reaches the previous levels. Hypothyroidism \xa0\nPersistent elevation of indirect bilirubin is the first sign of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates.\nThis is due to decreased activity of UDPGT for weeks or months after birth.\nAt least 10% of all infants with congenital hypothyroidism will have jaundice as the presenting symptom.\nTreatment with thyroxine promptly alleviates jaundice.\n\nG-6PD deficiency \n\nThere is hemolytic anemia that results in increased production of unconjugated bilirubin.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | cc760ada-b0cd-4eb9-9273-2e25c1852a54 | [{'content': 'Which is the most preferred route for drug administration in the management of chronic pain \nSelect and explain. \nA. Intrathecal, B. Oral, C. Subdermal, D. Intravenous', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Physiology | e737ad44-e48a-4f53-8077-79b181818e5f | [{'content': 'Weber-Fechner law related to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Number of nerve Fibers, B. Number of muscle Fibers, C. Number of stimulus, D. Intensity of stimulus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Weber Fechner law: S = K x Log (I) S = sensory perception at coex K = constant (I) = intensity of stimulus at the periphery Perception felt about the intensity of stimulus changes with logarithmic scale of the actual intensity applied at the periphery. Related: Steven's power law S = K x (I)N Sensation felt is propoional to the nth power of intensity of stimulus applied i.e. perception changes as a power function of intensity.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | fd8d770d-784e-4dc2-83b7-6f41f923be5f | [{'content': 'White, spongy, folded thick mucosa is seen in \nSelect and explain. \nA. Oral hairy leukoplakia, B. Aspirin burn, C. White spongy nevus, D. Pseudomembranous Candidiasis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Physiology | 38d19909-c427-44de-9fff-8b43342040ea | [{'content': 'Calculate net filtration pressure with the following data: PGC = 42 mm Hg pGC = 12 mm Hg PBC= 16 mm Hg Assume that no proteins were filtered. \nSelect and explain. \nA. 34 mm Hg, B. Data not sufficient, C. 14 mm Hg, D. 28 mm Hg', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Force oring filtration = Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure(PGC = 42mm Hg) Forces opposing filtration = Plasma colloid oncotic pressure (pGC = 12 mm Hg) Bowman's capsule hydrostatic pressure (PSC = 16mm Hg) : Net = PsC + pGC = 12 + 16= 28mm Hg : NET FILTRATION PRESSURE = 42 - 28 mm Hg = 14mm Hg.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 46e17cf1-ec1e-4aa1-a48d-45159e80f45d | [{'content': 'Schielder principle is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Minimal enlarged apical foramen, B. Shape of the canal can be changed, C. Use of 3-5 times larger than first binding file, D. Original canal curvature should be altered to make it compatible with obturating material', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c2ab77ef-9fba-47cd-9f6e-cd4e2404f3f0 | [{'content': 'While drilling an implant, bone necrosis occurs at what temperatures: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 65, B. 35, C. 45, D. 55', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f4ea9cd2-e0a7-41e2-ab75-fe54a8bee24e | [{'content': 'Subantimicrobial dose of doxycycline is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 20 mg doxycycline, B. 60 mg doxycycline, C. 80 mg doxycycline, D. 150 mg doxycycline', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 6e531ec3-8023-4ebd-b746-d9f8c48af9cd | [{'content': 'Non radiographic method of working length determination: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Digital tactile sense, B. Apical periodontal sensitivity, C. Electronic apex locator, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 24c43902-b574-4f4a-8bb8-6f5a9d5c4880 | [{'content': 'Problems associated with nitrous oxide anaesthesia is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Behavioral problem, B. Sensitizes the heart to adrenaline, C. Prolonged difficult induction, D. Tachycardia and or arrhythmias', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f74dee64-9421-4c33-8ab4-502f649e9f20 | [{'content': 'Roots of primary and secondary teeth are different\nin that the primary roots are more divergent and flaring. The other difference: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Primary roots show less accessory and lateral canals, B. Primary roots resorb more easily, C. Primary roots are shorter, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 54ef390c-a1aa-45f3-8ae9-ab1c76e80326 | [{'content': 'Most important factor in rapid progression of Bacteria resulting in pulpal necrosis is? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Host resistance, B. Virulence of bacteria, C. Dentinal Fluid flow, D. Pulp vitality', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 752e362f-7162-4590-bb2f-fc6dc270a065 | [{'content': 'Gene for ectodermal dysplasia with cleft lip and palate \nSelect and explain. \nA. ED-1, B. GJB6, C. PVRL1, D. R P73', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | bf96e90e-8e47-4660-93c7-bd01ec8735fb | [{'content': 'Which of these is the best study to evaluate effect and outcome? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Clinical trial, B. Coho, C. Case control study, D. Cross sectional study', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Clinical trialAmong the given options, clinical trial is the best study to evaluate effect and outcome.Randomized control trial (Experimental study or Intervention study):Considered as the ideal design to evaluate the effectiveness and the side-effects of new forms of intervention.Coho Study:A study design where one or more samples (called cohos) are followed prospectively and subsequent status evaluations with respect to a disease or outcome are conducted to determine which initial paicipants exposure characteristics (risk factors) are associated with it.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | a7249818-4e2e-468e-9dbc-05cbc8bc8fc2 | [{'content': 'All of the following processes take place in mitochondria except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Beta-oxidation of fatty acids, B. DNA synthesis, C. Fatty acid synthesis, D. Protein synthesis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. Fatty acid synthesisMetabolic Pathways (Cycle or Reactions)SiteBeta oxidation.Ketone body utilization.Pyruvate dehydrogenase.Electron transpo chain.TCA cycle (BK PET),Mitochondria', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 1074d0b1-ca5c-4ace-b60d-2c06ceec9a25 | [{'content': "In moyer's classification of class II type D malocclusion, there is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Orthognatic maxilla and orthognathic mandible, B. Prognathic maxilla and orthognathic mandible, C. Orthognathic maxilla and retrognathic mandible, D. Retrognathic maxilla and retrognathic mandible", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 11f53f52-cd39-41ca-a38b-d2c2941186f9 | [{'content': 'Cephalometric analysis are used to evaluate growth changes by superimposing on: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sella - Nasion plane, B. Mandibular plane, C. FHP, D. Occlusal plane', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 93751803-0e12-444d-a80a-f15784cc6a86 | [{'content': 'All of the following are associated with HHV8 except? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Kaposi sarcoma, B. Primary effusion lymphoma, C. Castleman disease, D. T-cell leukemia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. D. T-cell leukemiaHuman Herpes Virus-8 Aka Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) or Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV infects B lymphocytes, macrophages, and both endothelial and epithelial cells) appears to be causally related to Kaposi's sarcoma and a subgroup of AIDS-related B-cell body cavity-based lymphomas (primary effusion lymphomas) and multicentric Castleman's disease. HHV-8 infection is more common in pas of Africa than in the United States. Primary HHV-8 infection in immunocompetent children may manifest as fever and maculopapular rash. Among individuals with intact immunity, chronic asymptomatic infection is the rule, and neoplastic disorders generally develop only after subsequent immunocompromise. In patients with AIDS, effective antiretroviral therapy has caused improvement in HHV-8-related disease. The virus is sensitive to ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir, but the clinical benefit has not been demonstrated in trials. Invasive cervical carcinoma has been causally implicated with human papillomavirus infection.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | da743fb8-1db4-4fee-9e20-351d78dc60c9 | [{'content': 'Presented edema, oliguria and frothy urine. He has no past history of similar complaints. On examination, his urine was positive for 3+ proteinuria, no RBCs/WBCs and no casts. His serum albumin was 2.5 gm/L and serum creatinine was 0.5 mg/dL. The most likely diagnosis is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Minimal change disease, B. IgA nephropathy, C. Interstitial nephritis, D. Membranous nephropathy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A.Minimal change disease(Ref Harrison 19/e p184, 18/2345)Most likely diagnosis - Minimal change disease.Minimal Change Disease:Peak age of onset = Between 6-8 years of age (usually <10 years)Type of onset = InsidiousTypical presentation = Nephrotic syndromeHallmark of Nephrotic syndrome =Peripheral edema.Occurs when serum albumin levels < 3 gm/dlLaboratory findings = Proteinuria & hypoalbuminemia.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 752fa9af-ae3d-444f-aa2a-4d6c2b0b20d2 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not attached laterally to thyroid cartilage, or all the following muscles are attached to the oblique line of thyroid cartilage except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sternothyroid, B. Thyrohyoid, C. Superior constrictor, D. Inferior constrictor', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Larynx is composed of nine cartilage out of which 3 are paired and 3 unpaired.\nPaired - Arytenoids, corniculates and cuneiforms. Unpaired - Thyroid, cricoids, epiglottis.\nThyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage of larynx.\nOn the lateral surface of thyroid cartilage three extrinsic laryngeal muscle are connects to it as:\n\nSternohyoid\nThyrohyoid\nInferior pharyngeal constrictor.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | d3709637-27e6-4481-9617-103d7ef63048 | [{'content': 'A parent is homozygous and a parent heterozygous for an autosomal recessive gene. What will be the outcome – \nSelect and explain. \nA. 75% children affected, B. No child affected, but all are carriers, C. 50% children affected, rest are carriers, D. 25% children affected, rest are carriers', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Autosomal recessive disorders \n\nAutosomal recessive disorders are manifested in homozygous state, i.e. when both alleles at a given gene locus are mutant.\nThere may be following five situations -', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 1dc55cbe-41dc-4dda-9e52-cbc66d59d9b6 | [{'content': 'Antischkow cells are present in all of the following conditions except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sickle cell anaemia, B. Iron deficiency anaemia, C. Apthous ulcer, D. herpes simplex', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 5eb813a6-a84e-4b34-ae56-80e38f5a44b5 | [{'content': 'Patient on dental chair during extraction becomes unconscious; patient is breathing but not responsive. Your first step will be: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Recline chair and shout for help and give oxygen, B. Check BP and pulse and intubate, C. Start CPR immediately, D. ECG', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | e356b193-bb0c-4a38-9d5b-e14317c5ec09 | [{'content': 'Which of the following structures is not present on the internal surface of mandible? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Genial tubercle, B. Mylohyoid ridge, C. Lingula, D. Mental foramen', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Mental foramen is present on the outer surface of body of mandible between the roots of two premolars', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 38b6ac73-f821-4d98-a15c-f42f59044aac | [{'content': 'A mother and her 4 year old son are seated alone in\na reception area with the child staring off into space,\nrocking and constantly twisting a strand of hair about\nhis fingers. Upon entry of another person, the child\nbegins to beat his fist against the side of his face and\nbehaves as though he does not hear his mother speaking\nto him. This behavior is most characteristic of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. An autistic child, B. A mentally retarded child, C. First dental appointment anxieties of a 4 year old child, D. A child with a chronic seizure disorder', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4dfdc33d-0dc8-4419-add8-cbb1e2571b26 | [{'content': 'ZnPO4 setting time is 4-7 min. All of the following methods are employed to prolong its setting time except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Addition of drop of distilled water, B. Prolong spatulation time, C. Small increment of addition of powder to liquid, D. Mixing on cooled glass slab', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Control of setting time\u200b:\n\u200bManufacturing process\u200b\n\nSintering temperature : The higher the \u200btemperature, the more slowly the cement sets.\u200b\nParticle size :\xa0Finer particles react more quickly as a greater surface area is exposed to \u200bthe liquid.\u200b\nWater content of liquid :\xa0Presence of excess water accelerates, whereas insufficient water \u200bretards the reaction.\u200b\nBuffering agents\xa0:\xa0When added, slow down the reaction.\u200b\n\n\u200bFactors under control of operator\u200b\n\nTemperature :\xa0Higher temperature\xa0accelerates the reaction. Cooling the mixing slab is an effective way of slowing the\xa0reaction and prolonging the working time.\u200b\nPowder-liquid ratio\xa0: More the liquid, slower the reaction. \u200b\nRate of addition of powder to liquid : The reaction is slower, if the powder is incorporated slowly.\u200b\nMixing time\xa0: The longer the mixing time (within practical limits), the slower is the rate of reaction.\n\nRef: Manappalil P: 90\u200b', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | fec70b32-0c72-4266-908e-bd4900b01b31 | [{'content': "An abnormal resorption pattern in primary teeth, delayed\neruption of permanent teeth and a Large tongue are the\nfeatures of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Addison's disease, B. Hypothyroidism, C. Hyperthyroidism, D. Von-Recklinghausen disease", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d8f1b1c9-0dee-4d4b-9ab1-d0380a4e2502 | [{'content': 'Which one of the following is not FDA approved \nSelect and explain. \nA. GEM 215, B. Elyzol, C. Periochip, D. Atridox', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | cbc5f66f-2a3d-4b6c-9d98-5455252c0fae | [{'content': 'Dynamic creep is the \nSelect and explain. \nA. Continuing alloying between silver-tin alloy and mercury during the life of restoration, B. Deformation of set amalgam during function, C. Process whereby alloy is "wetted" by mercury, D. Spread of amalgam during packing', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 3a540909-ac85-4d6b-a7af-be0300a93207 | [{'content': 'All are features of non paralytic polio except – \nSelect and explain. \nA. Absent deep tendon reflexes, B. Head drop, C. Nuchal rigidity, D. Knee heel test negative', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Poliomyelitis \n\nThe usual age group affected by poliomyelitis is between 6 months to 3 years.\nIncubation period —> 7-14 days.\n\tClinical manifestations\nClinical course of Poliomyelitis has following stages.\n\n1. Inapparent (subclinical) infection\n\nOccurs in 95% of infected individuals.\nPatient is asymptomatic\n\n2. Minor (abortive) illness\n\n1114-8% of infection.\nFever, sore throat, headache adn malaise.\nAssociated with phase of viremia.\nLasts for 1 to 5 days\n\n\u200b\n3. Aseptic meningitis\n\nIn 1% of infected cases.\nSigns of menigitis —> Neck rigidity, vomiting etc.\n\n4. Paralytic polio\n\nIn less than 1% of infections.\n\nNote : First 3 stages are non-paralytic polio.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | ebb422b3-9745-4b38-8192-4557d6bcf595 | [{'content': 'Which of the following procedures can be used to treat an oro-antral fistula resulting from posterior surgery: (Or) Oro-antral fistula in maxillary 3rd molar region is best/commonly treated by \nSelect and explain. \nA. Buccal mucoperiosteal flap, B. Palatal mucoperiosteal flap, C. Bridge flap, D. Palatal island flap', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 991f3a07-e4ea-42b2-bbc0-4927a093cfcd | [{'content': 'Fovea palatine are \nSelect and explain. \nA. Structures through which blood supply take place, B. Mucosal salivary glands, C. Palatal termination of maxillary denture, D. Found in every individual', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 08bb32fa-e20c-4854-8b0f-6f661d7321ed | [{'content': 'In case of addition silicones what should be done for better cast \nSelect and explain. \nA. Apply ketone over tray, B. Apply chloroform over tray, C. Add flavouring agent to prevent bad odour, D. Delay pouring of cast', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 24c02db5-49d5-434a-80ab-fc70512353b5 | [{'content': 'contractile part of intrafusal fibres \nSelect and explain. \nA. Centre, B. Ends, C. None, D. Both', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | bba807ff-0666-4b77-b626-bff4d7c382ff | [{'content': 'The type of strain develop when force is applied perpendicular to surface \nSelect and explain. \nA. Compressive strain, B. Tensile strain, C. Shear stress, D. Tensile stress', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 8e093537-c2ea-4af0-b5c0-d81dc23e190a | [{'content': 'Km value indicates: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Purity of Enzyme, B. Physiological role, C. The substrate concentration at half maximal velocity, D. Affinity', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: The dose rate-Cpss relationship is linear only in case of drugs eliminated by first order kinetics. For drugs (e.g. phenytoin) which follow Michaelis Menten kinetics, elimination changes from first order to zero order kinetics over the therapeutic range. Increase in their dose beyond saturation levels causes an increase in Cpss which is out of proportion to the change in dose rate.\nIn their case:', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 36535f13-db82-4771-afd8-3f210207b234 | [{'content': 'Which of the following conversions does not require Biotin as a cofactor? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Gamma carboxylation of glutamate, B. Acetyl Co-A to Malonyl Co-A, C. Propionyl Co-A to methyl malonyl Co-A, D. Pyruvate to oxaloacetate', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Gamma carboxylation of glutamate(Ref: Harrison 19/e p96e-5; Harper 30/e p550, 561)Gamma carboxylation of glutamate:Carried out by Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase:Vitamin-K dependent enzyme.Catalyzes post-translational modification of vitamin K-dependent proteins.Biotin:Transfers carbon dioxide in reactions like acetyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase & methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase.Biotin functions to transfer carbon dioxide in reactionsPyruvate carboxylasePyruvate (3C) to oxaloacetate (4C) in gluconeogenesisdegAcetyl-CoA carboxylaseAcetyl-CoA (2C) to malonyl-CoA (3C) in lipid synthesis.Propionyl-CoA carboxylasePropionyl-Co A (3C) to methylmalonyl-CoA (4C) inMethylmalonyl CoA carboxyl Propionic acid synthesis in bacteriaMethylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylaseLeucine catabolism', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | d326533c-505c-41cf-b6ed-e4bee357707c | [{'content': 'Majority of the syndromic craniosynosteses are associated with: \nSelect and explain. \nA. FGFR mutations, B. IRFS mutations, C. VWS mutations, D. 22q 11.2 mutations', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | da90c329-6f04-4f98-a593-097e7688c042 | [{'content': 'The facial proportions between upper, middle and lower thirds of fare Is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 25:50:25, B. 34:33:33, C. 35:30:35, D. 30:35:35', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 590217c3-2f56-4547-a6e3-e3d3409bc6e2 | [{'content': 'Cold agglutinin is \nSelect and explain. \nA. IgG, B. IgM, C. IgA, D. IgD', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Biochemistry | ec14d880-a203-4453-8e5f-33e65efe9547 | [{'content': 'Thiamine deficiency is assessed by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Erythrocyte transketolase activity, B. RBS Glutathione reductase, C. RBC thiamine levels, D. Serum thiamine level', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Thiamine (vitamin B1) Deficiency It is assessed by Erythrocyte transketolase activity. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is the marker for transketolase enzyme -which is involved in HMP pathway (in RBCs) Activity of Transketolase is measured (not the quantity). No impoance of checking serum thiamine Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) Deficiency RBC glutathione reductase is the marker for vitamin B2 deficiency. =Enzyme Transaminase activity is checked for Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) deficiency =If Relation between thiamine and energy is asked then mark enzyme of Link reaction and TCA Because pyruvate dehydrogenase of Link reaction and a keto glutarate dehydrogenase of TCA cycle | give energy and they are requiring vitamins Both link reaction and TCA requires 4 B complex vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B5', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
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