prompt
stringlengths 152
296
| prompt_id
stringlengths 36
36
| messages
stringlengths 145
22.8k
|
|---|---|---|
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 2645de29-a0a0-42da-af00-50637b38ea84 | [{'content': 'Short sharp pain of tooth transmitted to brain by \nSelect and explain. \nA. A delta fibers, B. C fibers, C. Beta fibers, D. Gamma fibers', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 174760f1-1b8a-4643-b017-813b7d123ff2 | [{'content': 'Which of these is the most reliable method for monitoring fluid resuscitation? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Urine output, B. CVP, C. Pulse rate, D. Blood pressure', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Urine outputGoal of treatment:Restore cellular and organ perfusion.Hence, monitoring of organ perfusion should guide the management of shock.The best measures of organ perfusion and the best monitor of the adequacy of shock therapy remain the urine output.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Microbiology | 081dedb5-37f1-482c-a416-599ac0ab619a | [{'content': 'Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) assay in urine is used for screening of? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, B. Pneumocystis jirovecii, C. Histoplasm capsulatum, D. Cryptococcus neoformans', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a virulence factor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It prevents phagolysosomal fusion. It is secreted in urine so can be used for screening purposes.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2020, Subject name: Pathology | 139d03ab-9bd0-4bb7-a076-8b3b2ff2528e | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not a cross-linking fixative? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Osmium tetroxide, B. Glutaraldehyde, C. Methanol, D. Formaldehyde', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Chemical fixation This utilizes organic or non-organic solutions to maintain adequate morphological preservation. Chemical fixatives can be considered as members of three major categories: coagulant, cross-linking, and compound. Coagulant fixatives: Both organic and non-organic solutions may coagulate proteins making them insoluble. Cellular architecture in vivo is maintained primarily by lipoproteins and fibrous proteins such as collagen. Coagulating these proteins maintains tissue histomorphology at the light microscope level. Unfounately, because coagulant fixatives result in cytoplasmic flocculation and poor preservation of mitochondria and secretory granules, these fixatives are not useful in ultrastructural analysis. Examples: Ethanol, methanol, acetone, picric acid and trichloroacetic acid Cross-linking fixatives: Several chemicals were selected as fixatives secondary to their potential actions of forming cross-links both within and between proteins and nucleic acids. Examples include formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and other aldehydes, e.g. chloral hydrate and glyoxal, as well as metal salts, e.g. mercuric and zinc chloride, and other metallic compounds, e.g. osmium tetroxide. useful for electron microscopic examination - Glutraldehyde (best one)/formaldehyde/osmium tetraoxide Compound fixatives: Alcoholic formalin', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 928c6efd-d481-4323-83f0-721dae436451 | [{'content': 'Cholinomimetic is not used in which of the following? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bradycardia, B. Glaucoma, C. Myasthenia gravis, D. Post-surgical atony or ileus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. a. BradycardiaCholinomimetic is used for open-angle glaucoma, cobra bite, and myasthenia gravis but not in bradycardia. Uses of CholinomimeticDiseases of eye Glaucoma and accommodative esotropiaAtropine overdosesGastrointestinal and urinary tract Alzheimer's diseasePostoperative atony, neurogenic bladderCobra bite: Neostigmine and edrophoniumHea: Ceain atrial arrhythmiasNeuromuscular junction: Myasthenia gravis, Curare induced neuromuscular paralysis", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b18e044b-bb0e-4046-ad9e-3b0d3a5beaa5 | [{'content': 'Gene which inhibits cell cycle is - \nSelect and explain. \nA. p53, B. RB, C. p16, D. Notch receptor', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer-A. p53Cell cycle inhibitorsCIP/KIP family - p21, p27, p57INK4a/ARF family - p161 NK4a, pl4ARFA G1 arrest can result simply by the p53 induced expression of p21 WAF1/CIP1/Sdi1 P53 also down regulates the expression of cyclin A, providing a secondary break on cell cycle progression into the through the S phase.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 6fd1e538-3654-423e-9803-83f850493c22 | [{'content': 'Cell membrane of a cell is freely permeable to three ions X, Y and Z. At resting membrane potential, the respective equilibrium potentials of Xand Y are -30mV and -40 mV.What will happen to the membrane potential if a drug is infused which can block the permeability of Z? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Depolarisation, B. Hyperpolarization, C. No change, D. Hyperpolarization following repolarization', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans. A. DepolarisationRef: Guyton & Hall 13' ed., ch-5, pg. 61-63.In this question if Z has a reversal potential or original RMP was more negative (e.g., -70 or -90 mV) then closure of C ion channels would shift the RMP closer to reversal potential of A, B thus depolarising the cell", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 1dd7c5e5-c294-443c-91a7-4081c04675f2 | [{'content': 'A patient complains of looseness of dentures within two to four hours of insertion. The most likely cause is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Psychological, B. Adaptive unresponsiveness, C. Deflective occlusion, D. Unretentive denture', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 6b2bb986-2be3-487b-a999-ffbe0b70f1fa | [{'content': 'Split impedence based apex locator is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Generation 1, B. Generation 2, C. Generation 3, D. Generation 4', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 2097d24a-6816-485c-984d-90a5fbf2090e | [{'content': "A mother comes with her 3 months' child asking the physician if she can give cereals to her child. What problems can this lead to her child? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Allergy due to the food content, B. Risk of gastrointestinal infection, C. Retarded oro-motor development, D. Contaminated food leading to reflux", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A: Allergy due to the food contentExplanation:(Ref: Nelson 20/e p1139; Ghni 8/e p90)Babies should receive only breast milk or infant formula for the first 6 months of life.Most impoant reason for this is allergy due to the food content.Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 4-6 months of life may reduce allergic disorders in the first few years of life. Potentially allergenic foods (eggs, milk, wheat, soy, peanut and fish) should be introduced after this period of exclusive breastfeeding to decrease chances of food allergy.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4653fb7a-ddbf-493b-b4ef-92205582a27a | [{'content': 'Which of the following tooth is not having 5 cusps? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mandibular 2nd Molar, B. Mandibular 1st Molar, C. Mandibular 3rd Molar, D. Maxillary 1st Molar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 5ef662e7-6d00-4ca1-a592-b862a54a5efa | [{'content': 'A case presented with lower natural teeth and 7 maxillary implants placed, having space of 15 mm for the restoration. What would be the ideal treatment plan for the patient? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Single crown and bridge screw retained, B. Single crown and bridge cement retained, C. Overdenture, D. Hybrid denture', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: The ideal restorative space for an implant supported hybrid denture is 12-15 mm (measured from the crest of alveolar ridge to occlusal plane) as accounted below:\n\nAbutment: 3.0 mm\nHybrid Bar: 3.0 mm\nSpace: 1.0 mm\nAcrylic: 4.0 mm\nTeeth: 4.0 mm.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | f128aaa7-d0df-4339-8682-8172862d2da5 | [{'content': 'In non immune hydrops which of the following is NOT seen: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Skin oedema, B. Ascites, C. Large placenta, D. Cardiomegaly', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: “Hydrops is characterized by excess fluid in two or more body areas such as thorax, abdomen or skin. It is often associated with hydraminos and a hydropic thickened placenta”.\nIt is characterised by:\n\nIncreased skin thickness (> 5 mm)\xa0/ skin oedema (first sign seen on USG).\nPlacental enlargement\nPleural effusion\nAscites\nThe fetus is in Buddha position with a halo around the head.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | a456bf4d-1f3e-42a4-8976-b1b81ff466ee | [{'content': 'For a maxillary premolar in a radiograph, the facial root appears distal to the palatal root, the film was exposed with: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increased vertical angulation, B. Decreased vertical angulation, C. From mesial side of the tooth, D. From distal side of the tooth', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: If the tube is shifted mesially and the object in question appears to move distally, it lies on the buccal aspect of the reference object. These relationships can be easily remembered by the acronym SLOB: same lingual, opposite buccal.\xa0\nThus,\n\nIf the object in question appears to move in the same direction\xa0with\xa0respect\xa0to\xa0the\xa0reference\xa0structures\xa0as\xa0does\xa0the X-ray tube, it is on the lingual aspect of the reference object.\nIf it appears\xa0to\xa0move\xa0in\xa0the\xa0opposite\xa0direction\xa0as\xa0the X-ray\xa0tube,\xa0it\xa0is\xa0on\xa0the buccal\xa0aspect.\nIf it does\xa0not\xa0move\xa0with\xa0respect\xa0to\xa0the\xa0reference object,\xa0it lies\xa0at\xa0the\xa0same\xa0depth\xa0(in\xa0the\xa0same\xa0vertical\xa0plane)\xa0as the reference object.\n\nRef: ORAL RADIOLOGY Principles\xa0and\xa0Interpretation, Stuart C. White, Michael J. Pharoah Edition 7 page no 88', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | f66b5dd7-1cf3-4817-83f4-df774ff0885a | [{'content': 'Lalloo, a 13-year old child has a severe thumb-sucking habit. On examination he has a Class-II malocclusion, anterior open bite with an over-jet of 12mm. His cephalogram will show: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Normal anterior and posterior facial heights, B. Increased anterior facial height and normal\tposterior facial height, C. Increased posterior facial height and normal anterior facial height, D. Increased posterior facial height and increased anterior facial height', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e7c38fa0-1301-44a8-a1b2-825d59afb25a | [{'content': 'During implant placement maximum torque should not be above? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 100 N, B. 50 N, C. 60 N, D. 70 N', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Once the final osteotomy diameter and depth is prepared, a bone tap is used in a low-torque hand (i.e., 30rpm, 70 N-cm) to form the threads within the bone for the implant', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | a28116b7-2730-4820-afa7-5fc859ef76f4 | [{'content': 'Lateral part of middle cranial fossa and posterior\ncranial fossa are divided by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Petrous temporal bone, B. Crista galli, C. Transverse groove, D. Sphenoid bone', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: The interior of base of skull is naturally divided into 3 fossae\n\t\nAnterior cranial fossa\nMiddle cranial fossa\nPosterior cranial fossa\n\n\nLesser wing of sphenoid with anterior clinoid process divides anterior and middle cranial fossa.\nPetrous temporal bone separates the lateral part of middle cranial fossa from\xa0posterior cranial fossa.\nDorsum sellae of sphenoid\xa0bone with posterior clinoid process separates the median part of middle cranial fossa from posterior cranial fossa.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | ca59647e-62f5-4b2e-a0fd-e85f05af60c4 | [{'content': 'A 27 year primigravida presents with pregnancy induced hypertension with blood pressure of 150/100 mm of Hg at 32 weeks of gestation with no other complications. Subsequently, her blood pressure is controlled on treatment. If there are no complications, the pregnancy should be terminated at: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 40 completed weeks, B. 37 completed weeks, C. 35 completed weeks, D. 34 completed weeks', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: The patient in the question has BP = 150/100 mm of Hg i.e. mild hypertension (severe hypertension is when systolic BP is > 160 mm or diastolic BP > 110 mm of Hg) and has no other complications. Her BP is controlled on treatment i.e. she is being managed expectantly.\nIn such patients pregnancy should be terminated at 37 weeks.\n“If Pregnancy is beyond 37 completed weeks termination is to be considered without delay.”\n... Dutta Obs. 7/e, p229\nManagement of Mild Preeclampsia: \nFernando Arias 3/e, p 419\nDetailed examination for symptoms indicative of severe preeclampsia should be done daily.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | cfcf4861-d0b6-41f7-91ae-468f78fae02e | [{'content': 'A 1.5 years old child was brought to emergency with history of burn by hot water on both hands and palms. The lesion was pink, oozing and painful to air and touch. Which of the following is the best management for this patient? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Paraffin gauze and dressing, B. Collagen dressing, C. Excision and grafting, D. Apply 1% silver sulfasalazine ointment and keep the wound open', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Paraffin gauze and dressingParaffin gauze and dressing - Collagenase is the most commonly employed enzymatic debriding agent currently commercially available in the United States.It is slow acting, requiring several days to one week to adequately debride or heal intermediate-depth paial thickness wounds.Superficial BurnsClean the burn wound & remove the roof of all blistersqExpose superficial burns of face but apply sterile liquid paraffin to reduce crusting.For burns of perineum, clean & expose but apply silver sulfadiazine cream. Nurse the patient without dressings on a sterile sheet on air or water-bed.Cover superficial burns of other areas with two layers of paraffin gauze & a bulky absorptive dressing', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4ed16846-22f2-40b6-a993-f07081e970f1 | [{'content': 'Growth of the maxilla in the vertical direction is due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Growth of the alveolus, B. Growth at sutures, C. Growth of the cranial base, D. Growth of the synchondrosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 57749b9a-2d16-403c-b69f-bcab6b998f88 | [{'content': 'Although standarize technique is simple and rapid but not used frequently because: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Inaccurate technique., B. Relies on inherent shape of file to give shape of canal., C. Accessory canals are not removed efficiently., D. All of the above.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 83e62b82-7186-4bd8-81ad-c035cebd98c9 | [{'content': 'clostridium difficile diarrhoea associated with: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Aminopenicillins, B. Carbapenems, C. Macrolide, D. Fluoroquinolones', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Answer-D-fluoroquinolones,Clostridium difficile colitis results from a disturbance of the normal bacterial flora of the colon, colonization by C difficile, and the release of toxins that cause mucosal inflammation and damage.It is a spore-forming bacillus that is responsible for the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis.The antibiotics that most often lead to C. difficile infections include fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins,penicillins and clindamycin. Once established, C. difficile can produce toxins that attack the lining of the intestine', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 47d11c3e-1090-4157-be00-405e9a23961e | [{'content': 'Which of the following is the most common systemic symptom during migration of larval phase of Helminths like Ancylostoma, Strongyloides and Ascaris? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Asymptomatic, B. Pneumonitis, C. Liver failure, D. Larva migrans', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Asymptomatic(Ref Paniker's 7/e p162, 6/e pg180, 210)Larvae of Ascaris, Hookworm and Strongyloides migrate through lung & various other tissues during their lifecycle.Larva migrans:Sometimes larvae appear to lose way & wander around aimlessly.Generally seen when human infection occurs with nonhuman species of nematodes.Ascaris:Pathogenic effects of larval migration due to allergic reaction & not larvae presence.Hence larvae's initial exposure usually asymptomatic.Except on very heavy larval load.Symptomatic conditions:Visceral larvae migrans is produced by infection with non-human nematodes.Le. Nematodes frequently infecting dogs & cats.Cause local alveolar hemorrhages.Symptoms during migration due to allergic reaction & significant only in massive infections.Clinical pneumonitis seen only in massive infections.Hence mostly asymptomatic.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 6a8fff5e-74af-48e4-8bc8-590820d078e7 | [{'content': 'The police has brought an unresponsive patient to you. What is the first thing you will do? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sta chest compressions immediately, B. Check carotid pulse, C. Check for response and call help, D. Sta rescue breaths', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Check carotid pulse(Ref BLS/ACLS Guidelines: hups://www.resus.org.uk/resuscitation guidelines /adult-advanced-life-suppo; Harrison 19/e p1768; Braunwald's 10/e p844-845)According to Adult Basic Life Suppo (BLS) algorithm in an unresponsive patient, next step is to check carotid pulse.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 37383322-4c63-4a27-bc22-f63dcd5763db | [{'content': 'Arrange the following layers of epidermis from surface to deep layer - CorneocytesMerkel cellsMelanocytesLangerhans cells \nSelect and explain. \nA. Corneocytes>merkel cell>melanocytes>langerhans cells, B. Merkel cells>corneocytes>melanocytes>langerhans cells, C. Melanocytes >merkel cells>corneocytes>langerhans cells, D. corneocytes>>langerhans cells>melanocytes > merkel cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans. DThe epidermis is composed of 4 or 5 layers, depending on the region of skin being considered.Those layers in descending order are:Cornified layer (stratum corneum)Composed of 10 to 30 layers of polyhedral, anucleated corneocytes (final step of keratinocyte differentiation), with the palms and soles having the most layers.Clear/translucent layer (stratum lucidum, only in palms and soles)This narrow layer is found only on the palms and soles. The epidermis of these two areas is known as "thick skin" because with this extra layer, the skin has 5 epidermal layers instead of 4Granular layer (stratum granulosum)Keratinocytes lose their nuclei and their cytoplasm appears granular. Lipids, contained into those keratinocytes within lamellar bodies, are released into the extracellular space through exocytosis to form a lipid barrier. Those polar lipids are then conveed into non-polar lipids and arranged parallel to the cell surface.Spinous layer (stratum spinosum)Keratinocytes become connected through desmosomes and sta produce lamellar bodies, from within the Golgi, enriched in polar lipids, glycosphingolipids, free sterols, phospholipids and catabolic enzymes.Langerhans cells, immunologically active cells, are located in the middle of this layer.Basal/germinal layer (stratum basale/germinativum).Composed mainly of proliferating and non-proliferating keratinocytes, attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes.Melanocytes are present, connected to numerous keratinocytes in this and other strata through dendrites.Merkel cells are also found in the stratum basale with large numbers in touch-sensitive sites such as the fingeips and lips.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a5076108-b116-42dd-8d36-3a146ad00b47 | [{'content': 'A material turns to liquid on applying critical shear stress. This type of flow is called as? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Newtonian body, B. Bingham body, C. Dilatant, D. Pseudoplastic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 6801e5d7-8e26-4729-bc67-a4c12e2f2aab | [{'content': 'The setting time of zinc phosphate may be retarded by? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increase in the ratio of powder to liquid, B. Diluting the liquid with water, C. Increase the addition of powder to liquid, D. Decrease the addition of powder to liquid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 8af37c2e-e39c-4751-a9c0-71bc9f3c10c1 | [{'content': 'Features of cardiac rest pain are all, except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Compressive., B. Radiating, C. Excruciating, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Radiology | 3d1306f4-a5d6-47ef-9cda-f607ffa78c6e | [{'content': 'All of the following statements about an intraoral dental\nX-ray film are true except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. It is composed of a cellulose acetate base coated with a silver bromide emulsion, B. It has a thin sheet of lead foil that lies in front of the film to prevent overexposure, C. It has an embossed dot on it which should be orientated towards the source of X-rays, D. It is exposed by the direct action of X-rays on the emulsion', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | bd1f87b7-50d6-4060-a9a3-f281c15a1898 | [{'content': 'Only tooth in which buccal surface is made of 2 lobes \nSelect and explain. \nA. Upper 1st molar, B. Lower 1st molar, C. Upper 2nd molar, D. Lower 2nd molar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 9bf68fe9-789d-4021-aaf4-d39fa49b302c | [{'content': 'Niacin & riboflavin help in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Redox reactions, B. Transamination reaction, C. Methyl group transfer, D. Amine group transfer', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | fd9e328b-1ae3-4c92-9477-c193279778a8 | [{'content': 'The middle meningeal artery is associated with which foramen: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ovale, B. Rotundum, C. Stylomastoid, D. Spinosum', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | eb5d2e40-c7b7-4de2-a394-26b3ce685746 | [{'content': 'Asymmetrical union of sutures resuting in twisted skull known as: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Plagiocephaly., B. Anencephaly., C. Scaphocephaly., D. Solicocephaly.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a18ed47e-dc72-48d2-b763-abea2564e574 | [{'content': 'Surgery of the cleft lip should be carried out at: \nSelect and explain. \nA. 20 -30 weeks, B. 2 - 12 months, C. 3 - 6 months, D. 5 years', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 5b21874b-3f6e-434f-8dda-efa6819c584d | [{'content': 'Excessive forces of occlusion within physislogical limit will: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increase width of PDL, B. Decrease width of PDL, C. Width will remain same, D. Trauma from occlusion', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 5945db96-21f3-4c7e-b4f5-d287d25aef89 | [{'content': 'Which of the following is the most consistent feature of rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis (RPGN)? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Crescent formation, B. Mesangial cell proliferation, C. IgAdeposition, D. Loss offoot processes', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Crescent formationRapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis:Most common histologic - Presence of crescents in most glomeruli (crescentic glomerulonephritis).Crescents:Produced by proliferation of parietal cells & infiltration of monocytes & macrophages.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b1cd5c0a-0f81-40eb-88e6-06d69054daae | [{'content': 'Which of the following is not a risk factor for malignancy \nSelect and explain. \nA. DNA aneuploidy, B. Male gender, C. Invasive candidiasis, D. Leukoplakia in non smokers', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 03c0bb07-92b8-4345-9b47-84b1172804ff | [{'content': 'A person met with road traffic accident and came to casualty with contusion on anterior chest wall with Pulse rate-90/minute, BP-120/80 mm Hg, respiratory rate-16/minute. Normal hea sounds are heard but breath sounds were decreased on the left side and trachea was deted towards right. Which of the following is the first line management? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Needle thoracostomy, B. Pericardiocentesis, C. Chest tube inseion and drainage, D. Immediate exploratory thoracotomy', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. Chest tube inseion and drainageThis case is a classical description of post RM traumutic pneumothorax of left hemithorax, with decreased breath sound and trachea shifted to the right. Presence of hea sounds indicstes absence of cardiac tamponade. Tension pneumothoro-r is ruled out, as the patient is not having hypotension (BP-120/80 mm Hg). So the first line management is chest tube inseion and drainage.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Ophthalmology | b9cbbe45-fa4a-4a54-b4f3-143039171071 | [{'content': 'Universal marker of limbal epithelial stem cells: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Elastin, B. Keratin, C. Collagen, D. ABCG2', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. ABCG2(Ref Indian J Med Res. 2008 Aug:128(2):149-56. PM1D:19001678; http://wwwstembook.org/node/588).ABCG2:Universal marker of limbal epithelial stem cells.Limbal Stem Cell Marker.Keratin (K3-K13) = Corneal Stem Cell Marker', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | dc2afba7-fa3d-4e64-b1cf-8dbf31e96100 | [{'content': 'A 10-year boy with dog bite unprovoked comes to you. Appropriate action is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Give cell culture derived vaccine, B. Withhold vaccine and observe dog for 10 days, C. Kill dog and send brain for biopsy, D. No fuher action is necessary', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Give cell culture derived vaccine(Ref Park's 24/e p297, 23/e p279, 22/e p253)Most appropriate action - Give post-exposure prophylaxis with cell-culture derived vaccine.Post-Exposure Prophylaxis:Aim: To neutralize inoculated virus before entry to nervous system. Prevention:Effective & safe in preventing rabies:Concentrated & purified cell-culture vaccine (CCV).Embryonated egg-based vaccine (EEV).Uses:Intended for pre-exposure & post-exposure prophylaxis.Discontinuation point:Discontinued if suspected animal is proved by appropriate examination is rabies-free.Domestic dogs, cats or ferrets remain healthy throughout 10-days observation period staing from date of bite. Categories of contact with suspected Rabid animalPost-exposure prophylaxis measuresI. Touching or feeding animalsLicks on intact skinNoneII. Nibbling of uncovered skinMinor scratches or abrasions without bleedingImmediate vaccination & local treatment of wound.III. Single or multiple transdermal bites or scratchesLicks on broken skinContamination of mucous membrane with saliva from licksContact with batsImmediate vaccination and administration of rabies immunoglobulin and local treatment of the wound.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | b64edf88-505f-4eed-a95c-0bb506eaddf1 | [{'content': 'Office personnel who are at higher risk of NO toxicity, to prevent this, the most sensitive test for nitrous oxide detection is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Laminar flow, B. Dosimeter, C. Infrared spectrophotometer, D. High suction speed', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Periodic (i.e. semi-annual) sampling is done of dental personnel, especially chair-side personnel exposed to nitrous oxide (e.g. with a diffusive sampler, such as a dosimeter or infrared spectrophotometer)\nOffice personnel who are at higher risk of NO toxicity, to prevent this most sensitive test for nitrous oxide detection is Infrared spectrophotometer.\nReference: Pediatric Dentistry by Nikhil Marwah 3rd ed, page\xa0no 250', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ddc068c6-3478-47a9-8897-456a778c5f6d | [{'content': 'At 12 year age, 2nd mandibular molar will have? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Crown complete with 1/3rd root, open apex, B. Crown complete with 3/4th root,, open apex, C. 3/4th crown completed, D. Crown complete with 1/4th root, open apex', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7405ebae-1cba-48c4-bf16-8dea393e97ee | [{'content': 'Which of the following movements are performed by a non — working condyle? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Straightward, B. Down wards forwards and lateral, C. Down wards forwards and medial, D. Down wards Back wards and medial', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | ea3e96aa-ded0-4231-b244-17792b9d1674 | [{'content': 'A rhabdomyoma is a tumour originating from \nSelect and explain. \nA. Nerve tissue, B. Smooth muscle, C. Striated muscle, D. Vascular endothelium', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 39b9975c-107c-403e-8a63-810e41148a11 | [{'content': 'Free way space of less than normal, in complete denture \nhas the following adverse result: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Mucosal irritation, B. Irresistible alveolar ridge resorption, C. Nonspecific ulcerations, D. None of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 12cb2ea3-b10c-44e2-8cab-46afcd3ac0c9 | [{'content': 'Which of the following best describes the working time of impression material? \nSelect and explain. \nA. After the start of appearing elastic properties of impression material, B. Just after the start of appearing elastic properties of impression material, C. The time from start of mixing till just before the start of appearing elastic properties of impression material, D. Loss of lusture of impression material', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 43b91e2e-4010-45d7-9e9e-be49ac4ed250 | [{'content': 'Purpose of sterilization is to eliminate \nSelect and explain. \nA. Bacteria, B. Viruses, C. Spore formers, D. Fungus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e33bb7f2-0c6f-4a5f-ae9d-ad515eae02c5 | [{'content': 'Lower density usually means \nSelect and explain. \nA. High strength, B. Low strength, C. Low melting temperature, D. Lighter weight', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | a1ce62e7-bc2f-4bd3-96b3-610e839b227b | [{'content': 'The most common complication following rheumatoid arthritis of the TMJ is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ankylosis, B. Synovial chondromatosis, C. Subluxation, D. Osteoarthritis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c9b1f63c-3d20-4494-a936-268e426d0c73 | [{'content': 'In RVG bit depth is seen of? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 8 bit, B. 6 bit, C. 12 bit, D. 4 bit', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 65c68635-397b-4ed9-b4a3-8e798c91613e | [{'content': 'In pregnancy cardiac output increases 30 to 40% during? \nSelect and explain. \nA. 20th week of pregnancy, B. 22 weeks of pregnancy, C. 24 weeks of pregnancy, D. 28 weeks of gestation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 67a5354d-9a42-436a-be77-eacc7d10cd7c | [{'content': 'Enamel hatchet is differentiated from chisel by all except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Curved in one plane only, B. Blade is larger, C. Blade is perpendicular to the long axis of handle, D. Blade is heavier', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 8b8596c2-33bc-48dd-b6b3-bd7fdbf34669 | [{'content': 'In the pelvic inlet, which is the shoest anteroposterior diameter? \nSelect and explain. \nA. True conjugate, B. Obstetric conjugate, C. Anatomical conjugate, D. Bispinous diameter', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Obstetric conjugate In pelvic inlet shoest anteroposterior diameter - Ostetric conjugate (10 cm).Pelvic inlet:Four diameters:Anteroposterior, transverse & two oblique diameters.Anteroposterior diameter:Distinct with specific landmarks.Most cephalad - Hence, true conjugate.Extends from upper- most margin ofthe symphysis pubis to sacral promontory.Clinically impoant obstetrical conjugate is shoest distance between the sacral promontory and the symphysis pubis. Normally 10 cm or more.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 2e79ec0a-5b16-4daf-8bcd-d6f52a68b6e7 | [{'content': 'A patient was found to have splenomegaly, anemia and jaundice. All of the following is true about this condition except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Increased urobilinogen, B. Increased LDH, C. Decreased haptoglobin, D. Low reticulocyte count', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans: D. Low reticulocyte count(Ref: Robbins 9/e p 631, 632)A reactive increase in reticulocyte count occurs in hemolytic anemias due to increased erythropoiesis.Hemolytic anemia:Anemia & lowered tissue oxygen tension a Triggers erythropoietin production a Stimulates erythroid differentiation a Appearance of increased numbers erythroid precursors (normoblasts) in marrow. Compensatory increases in erythropoiesis a Resutls in reticulocytosis in peripheral blood.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 6c583d56-1e8e-459e-8aba-8e1c4bacd976 | [{'content': 'Dorsal part of 2nd pouch give rise to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Tonsils., B. Thymus., C. Tubotympanic recess., D. Tympanic antrum.', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | d04e9217-abaf-4e62-89ed-5d443c9aa4f2 | [{'content': 'leksell efferents go to \nSelect and explain. \nA. Interneurons, B. Spindle, C. Golgi tendon organ, D. Golgi bottle cells', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pediatrics | 73cbdaba-1321-4765-a9f4-ec0b0dbc9994 | [{'content': 'A newborn with eyes closed 6 hrs after birth lustily crying, no chest retraction and movements of all four limbs. Neonatal behavioral response grading – \nSelect and explain. \nA. State 1, B. State 3, C. State 5, D. State 6', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Neonatal behavioral assessment scale\n\nNeonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale (NBAS) is used to support parents in the neonatal unit, especially around discharge home. The aim is to increase parents\' confidence in understanding their baby.\nAn infant\'s reaction are state related. So it is extremely important that observations of state be considered as a starting point from which all other observations are made.\nThe ideal time to administer the examination is when the infant is asleep and midway between feeding cycles.\n\nScores \nSleep states\n\nState 1 : Sleep with regular breathing, eyes closed, no spontaneous activity except startles or jerky movements at quite regular intervals.\n\na State 2 : Sleep with eyes closed; rapid eye movements can often be observed under closed lids; low activity level with random movements and startles.\nAwake states\n\nState 3 : Drowsy or semidrowsy; eyes may be open but dull and heavy lidded, or closed, eyelids fluttering; activity level minimal, Movements are usually smooth, although there may be startles. Some infants may also show fuss/cry vocalizations in this state. What distinguishes state 3 from state 5 when both are accompanied by fuss/cry vocalizations is the minimal movement in state 3 and considerable movement in state 5.\nState 4 : Alert, eyes open with bright look. Motor activity is minimal; there can be a glazed look that is easily changed into a brighter look with appropriate stimulation.\n\n\nState 5 : Eyes likely to be open; considerable motor activity, with thrusting movements of the extremities, and even a few spontaneous startles; reactive to external stimulation with increase in startles or motor activity.\n\n\nState 6 : Crying : characterized by intense, loud, rhythmic, and sustained cry vocalizations that are difficult to break through with stimulation; motor activity is high.\n\nComing to the question\n\nAccording to above staging, the newborn in our question comes under state 6 (crying lustily, and moving all 4 limbs).\nIf you have any confusion, read the following facts on crying (state 6) :-\n\n"it is important to distinguish between crying as a state (stage 6) from the fuss/ay vocalization that can occur in state 5 and even state 3. Some infants show repeated episodes of fuss /cry vocalization in state 5 but may not reach state 6. This may also be a maturational issue, because some preterm infants may not have energy reserves to sustain state 6. In general, state 6 Can be distinguished from state 5 by the intensity and sustained quality of the crying (at least 15 seconds) and unavailability of infant in state 6. Repeated brief episodes of cry /fuss in state 5 do not mean that the infant has moved into state 6. Examiners need to give the infant the opportunity to show state 6"\n\nSo, crying lustily with all limbs moving (child in question), straight away goes in state 6.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 6952d48e-42cc-46e5-81ff-6903102eaed3 | [{'content': 'Langerhan’s histiocytosis was previously known as \nSelect and explain. \nA. Eosinophilic granuloma, B. Pyogenic granuloma, C. Letterer siwe disease, D. Histiocytosis x', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Langerhan’s histiocytosis was previously known as Histiocytosis X , it includes\nEosinophilic granuloma\nLetterer siwe disease\nHand Schuller Christian disease', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 97dca2bc-0b15-4ce8-8e7b-2c7107fe5d18 | [{'content': "In which of the following case Hamman's sign is seen? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hematoma, B. Accidental NaOCl, C. Pneumomediastinitis, D. Oral carcinoma", 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | acfc14d7-1051-4939-9631-c1910b58c295 | [{'content': 'Magenta tongue and cracks at corner of mouth are seen in deficiency of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Vitamin B1, B. Niacin, C. Riboflavin, D. Pantothenic acid', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Social & Preventive Medicine | 19f583db-3c59-4886-843c-c626faaf6c70 | [{'content': 'Height of group of 20 boys aged 10 years was 140 ± 13 cm and 20 girls of same age was 135 cm ± 7 cm. To test the statistical significance of difference in height, test applicable is - \nSelect and explain. \nA. X2, B. Z, C. t, D. F', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Student’s t-test:\n\n– Paired Student’s t-test: Comparing means (± SD) in paired data (in same group of individuals before and after an intervention)\n– Unpaired Student’s t-test: Comparing means (± SD) in two different group of individuals\n– Z-test: Is a variant of student’s t-test which is used when sample size is > 30.\nIn the given question, mean ± SD of 20 boys (140 ± 13 cm) and 20 girls (135 cm ± 7cm) of the same age are compared, Thus most appropriate statistical test of significance would be Unpaired Student’s t-test.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Physiology | 1406e461-b277-4d57-9ff7-9ec3d60b97fe | [{'content': 'Adrenaline used for controlling of bleeding during surgery may result in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Syncope, B. Cardiac arrhythmias, C. Drastic fall in blood pressure, D. Precipitation of allergic reaction', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | e2f38ab5-2ae2-495b-81a6-6973e7f5c793 | [{'content': 'After removal of periodontal pack after a week of surgery, you see a large round elevated granulation tissue. It is most likely due to: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Allergy to components in the pack, B. Normal finding, C. Incomplete calculus removal, D. Mechanical irritation due to periodontal pack', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Physiology | 2cf21e00-e098-4ed3-83d5-118302a0d9ea | [{'content': 'Which centre first gets the input from neural control of CVS? \nSelect and explain. \nA. RVLM, B. NTS, C. Nucleus ambiguous, D. Raphe Nucleus', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Nucleus tractus solitarius - Baroreceptors are spray type nerve endings that lie in the walls of the aeries & are stimulated when stretched. Most abundantly they are found in: 1. Wall of each Internal carotid aery (slightly above the carotid bifurcation) 2. Wall of aoic arch. Signal from the carotid baroreceptor are transmitted through hering's nerve to the glossopharyngeal nerve, in the high neck & then to the NTS in the medulla. Signal from the aoic baroreceptor in the arch of aoa are transmitted through vagus nerve to the same NTS to medulla. RVLM: - Rostral ventral lateral medulla. - Its vasoconstrictor area. - In hypotension, NTS receives the impulse when blood pressure falls & it needs to be increased. | RVLM will be stimulated. The axons of nerve cell bodies of RVLM, ends on each segment b/w T1 & L2. T1 - L2 contain intermediolateral horn, & there are sympathetic nerve cell bodies in them. Nucleus ambiguous: - Has cardio inhibitory area. Raphe nucleus: - Lies in midline of the PONS & medulla. Secrete serotonin. Not related to neural control of CVS", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | f608b3a8-f9f0-4096-af64-3fe43798a70f | [{'content': 'Anti-hypeensive drug contraindicated in pregnancy is:September 2005, 2010 March 2007, March 2013 \nSelect and explain. \nA. Hydralazine, B. Methyldopa, C. Enalapril, D. Amlodopine', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. C: EnalaprilAntihypeensive used in pregnancyAlpha methyldopaLabetololFelodipineNot usually initiated in pregnancy due to volume depletion but may be continued:NifedipineHydralazineACE inhibitors, Thiazide diuretics, Angiotensin antagonists (losaan), Furosemide, propranolol and nitroprusside areunsafe/safety unceain in pregnancy.Foetal growth retardation, hypoplasia of organs and foetal death may occur if ACE inhibitors are given during later half of pregnancy.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Surgery | 3f1c84b8-4b70-4567-9d61-a49714ffb200 | [{'content': 'What is the most common sequelae of traumatic shoulder dislocation in young adults? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Rotator cuff tear, B. Recurrent shoulder dislocation, C. Adhesive capsulitis, D. Subscapular tendinitis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Answer-B. Recurrent shoulder dislocationMost common sequelae of traumatic shoulder dislocation in young adults are recurrent shoulder dislocation. Anteriortlislocation Type I is the most common type of traumutic shoulder dislocation and its mosl common sequelae in youngadults is recurent dislocation in around 1/3rd patients. In fact, more than 9094 patients < 20 years have some shoulderinstability as sequelae.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2019, Subject name: Psychiatry | c757d1c6-e17b-4b88-baa3-38720c1dd5eb | [{'content': 'Which of the following best describes paradoxical suicide? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Suicide after taking low dose of drug, B. Suicide occurring at the time when the pt. stas to recover, C. Suicidal tendency increase as the patient improves, D. Accidental completion of suicide', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Paradoxical suicide Occurs after the patient's improvement from a depression episode. Despite having suicidal thoughts there is no action taken on those thoughts but after taking medication the patient acts on it. Also seen in patients with schizophrenia.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 7a0cf861-7c06-4f24-8da9-de8dbd7e4368 | [{'content': 'Decrease in creep occurs in: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Under trituration or over trituration of amalgam, B. Decreases with condensation pressure, C. Increases with condensation pressure, D. Cannot be predictable', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | 6bf17841-327f-4f2a-b012-93976b9af6a1 | [{'content': 'Burning tongue might not be associated with \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ranula, B. Diabetes mellitus, C. Pernicious anaemia, D. Local irritation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Orthopaedics | 6ca26608-cafb-46c8-80a1-39bc0e70d5ff | [{'content': '10 year old present with ankle pain. X-ray has Lytic Lesion with sclerotic rim at calcaneum. Following HPE findings were seen. What is your diagnosis: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Eumycosis, B. PVNS, C. Ochronosis, D. Hemophilic pseudotumar', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: X-ray shows multiple lytic lesion. Histopathology shows cells with brown-color deposits, hemosiderin. * Ochronosis: Usually presents with blackening of urine.* Pigmented villo-nodular synovitis (PVNS): is an aggressive disorder arising from synol joints predominantly in the knee. It shows area of synol proliferation with histology showing hemosiderin stained giant cells.* Eumycosis: Commonly found in foot. Presents with sinuses. It shows Dot in circle sign. X-rays shows multiple bone cavities and progressive bone destruction.* Hemophilic pseudotumor: Usually found in ankle joint. Histopathology shows hemosiderin deposit due to haemorrhage.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: ENT | 8f57df40-4509-4083-a86d-d53e7bcaf328 | [{'content': 'Olympian brown and rhagdes are seen in- \nSelect and explain. \nA. CMV inclusion disease, B. Ectodermal dysplasia, C. Congenital syphilis, D. Hyper IgE syndrome', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans. c. Congenital syphilisClinical Presentation of SyphilisEarly Congenital Syphilis:Snuffles (rhinitis)Q is earliest feature.Lesions are vesicobullousQ, and snail track ulcers on mucosaClinical Presentation of SyphilisLate Congenital Syphilis:Characterized by Hutchinson's triad (interstitial keratitis + 8th nerve deafness + Hutchinson's teeth i.e. peggedcentral upper incisors)QSaddle nose, sabre tibia, mulberry molarsQBull dog's jaw (protrusion of jaw)Rhagadesdeg (linear fissure at mouth, nares)Frontal bossing, hot cross bun deformity of skullClutton's jointdeg (painless swelling of joints, most commonly both knee)Palatal perforationdegHigaumenakis sign (periostitis leads to unilateral enlargement of sterna end of clavicle)Primary Syphilis:Painless, indurated, nonbleeding, usually single punched out ulcer (hard chancre)QPainless, rubbery shotty lymphadenopathySecondary Syphilis:Bilateral symmetrical asymptomatic localized or diffuse mucocutaneous lesiondeg (macule, papule, paulosquamousand rarely pustule)Non-tender generalized lymphadenopathyQHighly infectious condylomata late, in warm moist interiginous areasMoth eaten alopecia, ahritis, proteinuriaQTeiary Syphilis:Gumma, neurosyphilis/tabes dorsalisQOstitis, periostitisAoitis, aoic insufficiency, coronary stenosis and nocturnal anginaQ", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 7cc77f7a-78ba-4980-a4f8-cc1ae7ffb6fe | [{'content': 'Soft palate is made up of: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus, B. Uvula, C. Mucous membrane and muscles, D. All of the above', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | ea4a7863-0bdc-4f1d-90b3-1b4cc747cd1f | [{'content': 'Which of the following statements regarding proteoglycans is true? \nSelect and explain. \nA. consist of a core protein with GAG chains attached., B. GAG contain oxidized acid sugars, C. negative charges cause to radiate out from the protein, D. All of these', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Ans-D. All of these* Proteoglycans contain many long unbranched polysaccharide chains attached to a core protein.* The polysaccharide chains, called glycosaminoglycans, are composed of repeating disaccharide units containing oxidized acid sugars (such as glucuronic acid), sulfated sugars, and N-acetylated amino sugars.* The large number of negative charges causes the glycosaminoglycan chains to radiate out from the protein so that the overall structure resembles a bottlebrush.The proteoglycans are essential pas of the extracellular matrix, the aqueous humor of the eye, secretions of mucus-producing cells, and cailage.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b78e3c97-dc54-4c08-9b4e-b38187a48cf8 | [{'content': 'GNAS-1 gene mutation is associated with: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Fibrous dysplasia, B. Osteogenesis imperfecta, C. Amelogenesis imperfecta, D. Cleidocranial dysplasia', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Microbiology | 5a2facfc-eefa-4828-b96a-c319e1c71745 | [{'content': 'Hydatid cyst is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Parasitic in nature, B. Fungal, C. Congenital, D. Viral', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pharmacology | 16cf928c-960f-4c05-9320-2992e01f9211 | [{'content': 'Which of these anticonvulsants causes contraction of visual field? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Levetiracetam, B. Phenytoin, C. Vigabatrin, D. Ethosuximide', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Ans: C. VigabatrinVigabatrin:Causes irreversible diffuse atrophy of the retinal nerve fiber layer.Most effect on the outer area (as opposed to the macular, or central area) of the retina, leading to the contraction of the visual field.Retinal toxicity attributed to taurine depletion.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a6b3c5be-da0e-428e-97a1-f69189e1e845 | [{'content': 'A 7-years child having very deep carious lesions in multiple teeth with no pain what should he the treatment plan: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Indirect pulp capping, B. pulpotomy of all teeth, C. RCT of all teeth, D. Extraction of teeth', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Indirect pulp treatment is a procedure performed in a tooth with a deep carious lesion approximating the pulp but without signs or symptoms of pulp degeneration.\nThe caries surrounding the pulp is left in place to avoid pulp exposure and is covered with a biocompatible material. Indirect pulp capping has been shown to have a higher success rate than pulpotomy in long term studies.\nIt also allows for a normal exfoliation time.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Forensic Medicine | 29cec3ae-1d3f-4966-b791-d9eed37c3d1f | [{'content': 'Doctor or nursing disclosing the identity of rape, victim is punishable under the following section of IPC? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Section 228A, B. Section 222A, C. Section 224A, D. Section 226A', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: A \nExplanation: Answer- A. Section 228A 'Section 228A of the IPC a little known section introduced by an amendment to the law by the Parliament in 1983, deals with the disclosure of the identity of a victim of ceain offences and prevents it in rape cases. The section states that anyone who prints or publishes the name or only matter that may reveal the identity of a victim of rape shall be punished With fine and up to two years in jail. The law specifically lays down that under section 376 or 376A, 376 B, 376 C or 376 D, any victim of rape has to have her identity protected from public.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2017, Subject name: Anatomy | dd531b88-f112-40c4-beef-e736469cdd91 | [{'content': 'Wrong statement regarding grey rami communicates is \nSelect and explain. \nA. Connected to spinal nerve, B. Present medial to white rami communicantes, C. Carries pre-ganglionic fibres, D. Fibres are non-myelinated', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Gray ramus means - Non myelinated fibers, so answer can be picked up easily as all pre-ganglionic fibers are Myelinated - white ramus Lateral horn cell gives sympathetic Neuron fibers which passes through ventral root of the spinal cord & enters spinal Nerve; passes through distal white ramus & enter Splanchnic N & then synapse in preveebral ganglion which controls the effectors sending post- ganglionic Nerves to viscera (eg. If sent to stomach, it decreases the peristalsis of stomach &| ses stomach distension). Lateral Horn cell sends fibers through ventral root of spinal cord |enter Spinal N - enter sympathetic chain & synapses here (distal white ramus), which gives - Post ganglionic fiber (non-Myelinated, hence gray ramus) - reenter spinal N - go & supply sweat glands in the skin. Gray Ramus is proximal & medial to distal white ramus. Pain of the skin is carried by sensory nerve, enter spinal N from here goes to dorsal root ganglion - enter dorsal root - synapse in posterior Horn cell - crosses midline & continue as lateral spinothalamic tract Thus, Dorsal root ganglionic not only receives visceral sensations, it is also receives cutaneous sensations. Distal white ramus carries pre-ganglionic fiber, not gray ramus.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 5c429b7b-6cb3-432b-9a09-96415821c0a0 | [{'content': 'A 8-years-old patient with a supernumerary tooth and crowding in the arch comes to you; what will be your line of treatment: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Wait and watch, B. Extraction and orthodontic treatment, C. Serial extraction, D. Immediate intervention with removal appliance', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Unknown | 1aef2a5f-3e39-454e-b3af-4bcd777af890 | [{'content': 'Consumption of which of the following poison produce bluish discoloration of stomach during postmortem examination. \nSelect and explain. \nA. Sodium amytal, B. Soneryl, C. Oxalic acid, D. Arsenic', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ref. Textbook of forensic medicine. Krishnan Vij. Page. 586\n\xa0\nBarbiturate poisoning\n\nThey are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract including the rectum.\nThey are concentrated in the liver for a short time and then distributed into the body tissues and fluids\nLong-acting, 4–7gm; intermediate-acting, 2–3gm; short- and ultrashort-acting, 1.5–2 gm.\nPlasma levels of 3.5 mg/dl for short- acting and 10 mg/dl for long-acting barbiturates are indicative of serious toxicity.\nCyanosis is usually present. Postmortem staining may be promi- nent. In a few cases, there may be skin blisters, the so-called barbiturate blisters.\nThey are commonly found at the sites where pressure has been exerted between the skin surfaces, such as buttocks, backs of thighs, calves and forearms.\nInner surface of stomach has bluish and whitish barbiturate particles', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | c0cdb15d-036d-47c7-9acd-6264c7946937 | [{'content': 'The classification is given by: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ackerman, B. Proffit, C. Dewey, D. Both 1 and 2', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: Figure shows a Venn diagram; Ackerman and Proffit represented the five major characteristics of malocclusion via a Venn\xa0diagram.\nThe sequential description of the major characteristics, not their graphic representation, is\xa0the key to this classification system, but the interaction of the tooth and jaw relationships with facial\xa0appearance must be kept in mind.\nNote that for each characteristic, the items to be evaluated are\xa0listed within the box or circle, with a spectrum of potential problems within that area represented by\xa0 opposing terms (spacing ,crowding, symmetry and asymmetry) and items to be evaluated for\xa0dentofacial appearance appear separately in the lower part of that field.\nThe circle for each plane of\xa0space represents not only the position, but also the orientation of jaws and teeth in that plane of\xa0space, and the overlaps between the circles representing the three planes of space are labeled for the\xa0orientation problem that this interaction could represent.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Medicine | 960e3779-3e04-4c22-9cac-7e76c26c1e7e | [{'content': 'Which drug is given to prevent acute mountain sickness? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Acetazolamide, B. Dexamethasone, C. Digoxin, D. Diltiazem', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Acute mountain Sickness: Acetazolamide causes diuresis Acclimatization 1000 m/day High altitude pulmonary edema High altitude cerebral edema', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 28fb749e-f104-48ad-8387-c2dac5b62ec3 | [{'content': 'An episiotomy is to be performed in a primigravida in labor. Which of these is an advantage of mediolateral episiotomy over midline episiotomy? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Less chance of extension, B. Can be repaired at ease, C. Fewer breakdown, D. Lesser blood loss', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Ans: A. Less chance of extension (Ref: Williams 24/e p551).A mediolateral episiotomy is preferred because it has a much lesser chance of extension through the perineum till anal sphincter, though there is increased risk of blood loss and it is difficult to repair.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Anatomy | 9cc1de2b-127b-49fa-8f8e-6f26c058418d | [{'content': 'Normally seen in lumbar spine? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Scoliosis, B. Lordosis, C. Kyphosis, D. Kyphosis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. B. LordosisAbnormal Curvatures of the Veebral ColumnLordosis (swayback or saddle back)An abnormally increased lumbar spine's (backward) curvature resulting from trunk muscular weakness or osteomalacia.ScoliosisA condition of lateral detion resulting from unequal growth of the veebral column, pathologic erosion of veebral bodies,or asymmetric paralysis or weakness of veebral muscles. Kyphosis (hunchback or humpback)An abnormally increased thoracic (forward) curvature resulting from osteoporosis.MeningoceleIt is a protrusion of the meninges through the unfused arch of the veebra.Spina bifida occultaIt is failure of the veebral arch to fuse (bony defect only).MeningomyeloceleIt is a protrusion of the spinal cord and the meninges.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 4ec7c6a9-4bb5-4c6e-adae-691e30948d47 | [{'content': 'Mother of a 10 month old child came with a complaint of non-eruption of teeth, what will be the treatment protocol? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Wait and watch, B. You will do OPG which shows developing tooth buds, C. PA skull view which shows developing tooth buds, D. Paediatric consultation', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Delay in eruption by around 6 months for deciduous dentition is considered normal. The age of the child in question is 10 months. So, wait and watch for further few months is the best method.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Biochemistry | 638938c5-4c5d-4ce0-8742-150395cce724 | [{'content': 'A 3- year old child has hepatosplenomegaly. On examination of the bone marrow, large cells are seen with crumpled paper appearance. Which of the following must have accumulated in these cells? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Spingomyelins, B. Gulcocerebrosides, C. Ceramides, D. Sulphatides', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': "Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans. b. Glucocerebroside (Ref. Robbins 9/ p153, 8/e p153)A child who presents with hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia, on bone marrow biopsy, large cells with crumpled tissue paper appearance is seen. The clinical picture is suggestive of Gaucher's disease, caused by deposition of Glucocerebroside.", 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | f06f787a-ac63-41ec-b508-2b6d9848264d | [{'content': 'Which of the following is a negative acute phase reactant? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Ferritin, B. Haptoglobin, C. Albumin, D. C-reactive protein', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: Answer- C. AlbuminAlbumin is a negative acute phase reactant whereas ferritin, CRP and haptoglobin are positive phase reactants."The serum levels of most proteins either increase or decrease during the acute phase response. Serum proteins that decrease levels during inflammation are called negative acute phase reactants.C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, protein S, and fibronectin are examples of positive acute phase reactants.Positive Acute Phase ReactantsC-reactive protein (CRP)Serum amyloid AHaptoglobinCeruloplasminalpha 2-Macroglobulinalpha l-Acid glycoproteinFibrinogenComplement (C3, C4)', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 96c67a06-4ef0-4473-8d1c-6c31fd617a5e | [{'content': 'Which of the following will lead to spread of communicable disease during disaster, except \nSelect and explain. \nA. Diarrhoea, B. Acute Respiratory infection, C. Measles, D. Malnutrition', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: AIIMS 2018, Subject name: Pharmacology | 65bef933-00cc-4f7b-8ca0-a77f2fe92c57 | [{'content': 'Which of the following drug must be sold only on production of a prescription by a registered medical practitioner? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Schedule H, B. Schedule G, C. Schedule X, D. Schedule M', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: Schedule H: Drugs which can be sold only with prescription. On the strip of drug a long red line is present. Rx is written on the top right corner. NRx- is written on Narcotic (habit forming) drugs. XRx- not available for general market, only given under special conditions where health care provider can give the drug. OTC- Over The Counter drugs can be given without prescription.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Pathology | b94ab925-4f2a-4e60-b42b-9f21acb848df | [{'content': '40 year old female came with fullness in upper right quadrant of abdomen with diabetes type II, hyperlipidemia, biopsy shows \nSelect and explain. \nA. Biliary cirrhosis, B. Luminal thrombosis, C. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, D. Autoimmune hepatitis', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | ee3ac036-6513-4b0a-a7f3-6b158504e9bd | [{'content': 'Minimum number of lobes required to form a permanent tooth \nSelect and explain. \nA. 1, B. 2, C. 3, D. 4', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: For permanent dentition', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | b7899c5a-8bd2-4a87-8082-0ad7980f3886 | [{'content': 'Comprehensive emergency obstetric care does not include: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Manual removal of placenta, B. Hysterectomy, C. Blood transfusion, D. Cesarean section', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Setting standards of emergency obstetrics and newborn care:\nBasic emergency obstetric and newborn care provided in health centres, large or small include the facilities for:\n\nAdministration of antibiotics, oxytocics and anticonvulsants.\nManual removal of the placenta.\nRemoval of retained products following miscarriage or abortion.\nAssisted vaginal delivery preferably with vacuum extractor.\n\nComprehensive emergency obstetric and newborn care, typically delivered in district hospital, includes all basic functions above, plus cesarean section, safe blood transfusion and care to sick and low birth weight newborns including resuscitation.\nIt is recommended that for every 5,00,000 people there should be 4 facilities offering comprehensive essential obstetric care.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 9f210b02-6e60-4164-af01-955dc0eafa9a | [{'content': 'All of the following is true about dentinal tubules except: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Inner pulpal layer contains more dentinal tubules than outer dentin layer, B. The diameter of dentin tubules ranges from 5 to 7μm, C. The diameter of dentinal tubule is more at pulpal layer than outer layer, D. The bonding is more difficult on the inner Layer of dentin compared to outer surface', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Medicine | 34d4d029-e35a-4f34-832a-6129654cd239 | [{'content': 'A person is HBsAg positive, but Anti- HBc Ab is negative. What should he the next step? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Repeat test after 6 months, B. Check HBV DNA load, C. Check HBeAg, if positive sta interferon, D. Reassure patient that he does not have any disease', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: B \nExplanation: Ans: B. Check HBV DNA load(Ref Harrison 19/e p2032, 18/e p2551)Chronic Hepatitis B - Parameters:HBsAg positive; Anti- HBc Ab negative.Presence or absence of serum hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg).HBeAg-reactive & HbeAg negative.HBV DNA level correlate with liver injury level & has progression risk.Treatment pre-requisites:HBV-DNA load should be done before initiating treatment.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 6e6be6aa-cd4c-4101-9146-29577f634f9a | [{'content': 'A 34-year-old primigravida at 11 weeks gestation presents to her obstetrics clinic with chief complain of exposure to a rash. Her husband is HIV+ve and has broken out on a rash in his left buttock which consists of a grouped vesicles on a maculopapular base, 4 days back. She has got her HIV testing done which is negative. Her P/R is 86/min, B/P = 100/60 mm of hg, resp rate 10/min and temp = 98.7F.FHS is heard via Doppler.What is the next step in the management: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Administer high dose acyclovir to the infant at birth., B. Administer high dose acyclovir to the patient now., C. Administer varicella immunoglobulin to the infant at birth., D. Administer varicella immunoglobulin to the patient', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: DOC for treatment of pregnant mothers infected with chickenpox is i/v acyclovir\nThe pregnant woman is exposed to chickenpox rash, she does not have chickenpox…so obviously we will not treat her or her baby with acyclovir. Now since the female herself does not have chickenpox so why to give VZIG to the infant, rather this female should be given prophylactic VZIG so that she does not acquire chickenpox.\n\nVaricella prophylaxis: Exposed pregnant women who are susceptible should be given Varicella IG within 96 hrs of exposure to prevent or attenuate varicella infection.', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | 607f11f0-305c-479d-b4f6-14fb78fb06dc | [{'content': 'Which of the following is most appropriate for pseudopocket ? \nSelect and explain. \nA. Is a feature of periodontitis, B. Is associated with attachment loss, C. Is associated with trans-septal fibres loss, D. May have a depth of more than 3 mm', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | a342bd97-443b-48b0-a739-44530a2d485e | [{'content': 'It is necessary to remove a disto-occlusal inlay from maxillary premolar. The procedure of choice is: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Cut through the isthmus and remove the inlay in 2 pieces, B. Use a chisel and mallet, C. Try to tease the inlay out with help of an elevator, D. Remove the inlay in one piece', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: A \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Dental | be8a09e2-fdd8-4274-bf3e-6507fb8ca209 | [{'content': 'Occlusal isthmus of a M.O. dental amalgam is resistant to fracture if: \nSelect and explain. \nA. Pulpal floor depth is 1mm, B. Dove tail is present, C. Axiopulpal line angle is rounded, D. Unsupported enamel at the gingival cavosurface margin is planed', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: C \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
This is a real-world medical entrance exam question, please give the true answer based on the question and selection. Topic name: None, Subject name: Gynaecology & Obstetrics | 82f5a7e9-467b-471b-bf1f-0d66f964408e | [{'content': 'Best test for fetal maturity in a diabetic mother is : \nSelect and explain. \nA. L:S ratio, B. Lecithin-cephalin ratio, C. Phosphatidyl choline, D. Phosphatidyl glycerol', 'role': 'user'}, {'content': 'Answer: D \nExplanation: None', 'role': 'assistant'}] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.