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Introduction 2. Main mistakes of Symantec 3. Response of Symantec 4. Personal initiatives for the prevention of the problem 5. Personal attitude as if being a customer or a partner 6. Reference Introduction The case study touches upon several concepts discussed in the chapter. First of all, it concerns the concept of Enterprise Applications with their importance for global companies inside the corporate activities. This technological appliance serves as an optimal helper in maintaining problems with databases and features considered with the items having been shipped or in inventory (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). Also one of the main and direct concepts worked out in the case study is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, “which are based on a suite of integrated software modules and a common central database” (Laudon & Laudon, 2009, p. 339). Enterprise Software is described in the chapter as the material base for ERP functioning. Demand-Driven Supply Chain is another concept being touched upon due to its strategic significance: “If all supply chain members share dynamic information about inventory levels, schedules, forecasts, and shipments, they have more precise knowledge about how to adjust their sourcing, manufacturing, and distribution plans” (Laudon & Laudon, 2009, p. 345). Finally, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems provide one more concept worked out in the case study. Main mistakes of Symantec In the case of Symantec’s ERP systems, the shortsightedness of the company in terms of how to face customers’ demands was influenced greatly. The management team was not able to point out the perspectives of the “Project Oasis” rollout. Furthermore, the company did not take into account the use of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems to primordially evaluate possible problems. The technical approach is important to point out that the feedbacks of customers were negative due to a great amount of information to be faced with and a relatively great number of operations provided (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). Moreover, the negative effect was also considered with several kinds of software appliances on the front and on the back ends of Veritas-with-Symantec ERP reckoned with Oracle software. Also, the changes to the licensing system became an obstacle. Response of Symantec The senior management team was quite rational in their finding of the best ways for problem solutions. They pointed out very huge losses of current “loyal customers” and partners and provided a dealing net of the company’s representatives throughout the country so that to improve connections with customers. The company redesigned its strategic outlook and provided “Project Nero” hoping for success. Success was achieved when Symantec incorporated in their overhaul plan Net Promoter methodology. This supplement was useful to identify “customers’ criticism” and comments according to changes in Symantec to have a whole picture of main drawbacks (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). Personal initiatives for the prevention of the problem As for me, the main mistake of Symantec was incorporated in their nonchalant attitude towards their ERP systems’ development in terms of finding out the launch of products within departments in comparison with competitors. I would rather maintain and set the control of updating software and outlining the weaknesses it has at the moment. This command would be for the IT department concretely without any intrusions from the side of the senior management team. Personal attitude as if being a customer or a partner If I were a partner or a customer to Symantec I would rather abandon the company’s help due to the negative effect of “lagging behind the competitors” in time and reliability prospects. Because CEO Thompson worked out a strategic reaction toward resolving the problem, and because of the main approach on customers- and partners-related issues to be primarily satisfied, I would like to use ERP systems considered with the “Project Nero” (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). Reference Laudon, K. C., and Laudon J. P. (2009) Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm. Ed. 11 New Jersey: Pearson Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River.
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Water Cycle Process Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. How the Process Occurs 3. Factors affecting the process Introduction Water is not stagnant on the earth surface. It evaporates and precipitates back. This process involves absorption of heat by water molecules which leads to breakage of molecular bonds. As a result, water molecules are able to move from the earth surface to the atmosphere through a process known as evaporation. On the reaching the atmosphere water molecules bond together again and come back to the earth surface through the process of precipitation. It should, however, be noted that the amount of water that leaves the earth surface and the amount that comes back is more or less equal. How the Process Occurs When water molecules gain energy from the surrounding, their latent heat increases. Latent heat is gained up to the point where it is able to break the molecular bond that holds water molecules together. Water then changes into a gaseous state known as water vapor. The water vapor is moved from the earth surface to the atmosphere by moving air currents as well as due to increased internal pressure. It is important to note that water vapor can only be absorbed into the atmosphere if humidity is low enough to allow evaporation. As water vaporizes, its molecules come into contact with molecules of other substances which are relatively cooler than the water molecules. Consequently, water molecules start losing their latent heat through a process known as adiabatic cooling. This process continues until water molecules loose enough energy to allow the molecules to bond together again. As the temperatures become lower, the molecules come together to form clouds in the atmosphere. With continued evaporation, the specific humidity of the atmosphere increases. Nonetheless, additional water vapor can be absorbed until dew point is reached. Dew point is reached when air is fully saturated and can no longer hold any more water vapor. As a result, water vapor condenses and falls back to the earth surface. This process is known as precipitation. It should, however, be noted that it is not always that the process of condensation takes place completely. If condensation takes place completely, precipitation will occur in form of rain. Nevertheless, when water molecules are not fully condensed, they remain suspended in the air resulting to fog or mist. There are other forms of precipitation which include hail, snow and sleet. Notably, evaporation and precipitation take place at different rates in various regions. This is due to the difference in pressure and temperature which influences saturated specific humidity hence the amount of water vapor that can be held. Arguably, evaporation and precipitation help in maintaining a constant cycle of water in the world. It is not definite that evaporation and precipitation will occur at the same place. Water vapor is sometimes pushed to a different place where precipitation takes place. Factors affecting the process The whole process of evaporation and precipitation is affected by various factors. Firstly, the speed of wind is highly influential. Increased speed of wind enhances the rate of transportation of water vapor and hence the rate of evaporation. In addition, humidity is very crucial. When humidity is high the rate of evaporation decreases because the rate of absorption of water vapor is low. On the same note, high temperatures increase the latent heat absorbed by water molecules hence increasing evaporation rate.
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Researching the UK National Health Service (NHS) Essay Discussion Researching the UK National Health Service (NHS) is an organization that provides all UK citizens with healthcare services. Since the patients’ needs are continuously evolving, the NHS tries to make appropriate decisions to meet them, and NHS Direct is among such initiatives. Thus, the given paper will demonstrate that the NHS health service has adopted a market entry strategy of internal development to implement this initiative. One should admit that there is clear reasoning behind the claim above. Murdock (2010, p. 739) admits that NHS Direct was the first step to “reconfigure the delivery of healthcare services.” This information supports the idea that an internal development strategy has been utilized because the strategic decision only relied on the business’s capacity (Isa, Ismail and Ibrahim, 2020, p. 37). However, it is impossible to state that the case under analysis fits into a single alternative strategy. On the one hand, it refers to the fact that a market entry strategy is a way of implementing an adaptive method of expansion (Ginter, Duncan and Swayne, 2018, p. 209). That is why it is possible to talk about an adaptive strategy of product development (Ginter, Duncan and Swayne, 2018, p. 209). On the other hand, Wittington et al. (2019, p. 215) admit that a differentiation strategy was also adopted. It refers to the fact that NHS Direct is a unique service that is valued by the patients. In conclusion, it is possible to state that NHS Direct was created by adopting multiple strategic alternatives. Internal development was found because the NHS implemented the initiative relying on its own resources and capacity. A strategic alternative to product development implies that the organization modified its own product. Finally, a differentiation strategy refers to the fact that the NHS offered a unique product that gathered public attention and was highly valued by the customers. Reference List Ginter, P. M., Duncan, W. J. and Swayne, L. E. (2018) Strategic management of health care organizations. 8th edn. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Isa, C. M. M., Ismail, F. S. and Ibrahim, N. (2020) ‘Development of international market entry mode decision assessment model (EMIDAM): Strength and opportunity (SO) attributes’, Global Business and Management Research: An International Journal, 12(2), pp. 35-49. Murdock, A. (2010) ‘NHS Direct: Managing in difficult times’, NHS Direct, pp. 739-744. Wittington, R. et al. (2019) Exploring strategy: Text and cases. 12th edn. Harlow: Pearson Education.
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Diversity Consciousness in Team Rapport Building Essay Table of Contents 1. Strategies to Building Teams’ Rapports 2. Strategies of diversity awareness 3. Impact of Diversity 4. References Strategies to Building Teams’ Rapports Not everybody participates in online societies, age, and way of life, usually dishearten individuals from indulging in online societies. Before starting an online society, it may be more efficient to build webpages that create attraction to precise benefits. Online societies with unblemished subjects and stress-free access have a habit of being more actual. Intertwined content debates are very vital in order to improve primary communication by discretion assurances. Effective online societies tend to be competent to function adequately. Secluded debate groups and material sharing can repeatedly enhance the complexity achievement of online societies. The advantage of online sessions is that when steered correctly, they permit additional time for thinking and giving responses. Consultations in online atmospheres can also deliver a record of commotion and expectancy. In order to build diversity mindfulness, students should be permitted to share their individual past; their know-how may have an emotional impact on other learners, or else their sections may be causes of motivation to other scholars (Bucher & Bucher, 2010 p. 218). Strategies of diversity awareness Pupils can share articles of their ethnic background and inquire about them to momentarily define the character or importance of these articles in their existence. This is non-intimidating and no confrontations with students or lectures (Bucher & Bucher, 2010, p. 40). Online discussions are healthier since no humiliations when sharing know-how, and one can share faithfully what they ruminate or sense concerning each other or situations. In addition, it is fun and motivating to keep talking and learning online. Discernable social dissimilarities are noticeable and eye-catching, hence debating these dissimilarities can frequently improve scholars’ concentration on social alterations, and distract their thoughtfulness from the shared aims. Recurrent efforts to support the dialogue of diversity may unconsciously stimulate disunity amid groups (Parrillo, 2011). The premeditated goals of appreciating human alterations while taking up humankind are conversation groups involved of scholars with dissimilar individualities is to build in consideration time for scholars to contemplate about both the proportions of diversity and designs of harmony that arose in the course of the group development (Bucher & Bucher, 2010 p. 46). Diversity is about recognizing dissimilarities among each other, accepting these dissimilarities, and not been discriminative and humanizing this dissimilarity to stimulate erudition and individual progress, in undergoing diversity with others we acquire more than in facing correspondence or acquaintance (Bucher & Bucher, 2010 p. 218). Impact of Diversity The techniques in the book by Bucher are applicable in this type of discussion since the same procedures that occur in class take place online, the only major difference is the eye contact with each other. The topmost motives why students raise the value of online professions is to provide accommodations for their programs and obligations (Howard, 2009 p. 153). In addition to the profit of rising accessibility, scholars who probably perform weak or who would otherwise be incapable to be present at an outdated tutorial room may be more expected to embellishment in the online account. An online society is an essential social group that is existent online and whose associates permit its survival over taking part in association usage. An online communal can be of an information organization where any person can share perspective, such as an official statement system or one where only a limited number of populaces can initiate supports, such as Weblogs. Online societies have also developed an additional form of messaging amid people who are acquainted with each other mainly in real lifetime. Many means are used in communal software distinctly or in mixture, comprising text built chat places and mediums that use the ability to speak, or filmed text. Major socio-practical modification may have caused the propagation of such Internet founded social systems. In regards to online communal, the designers’ key concentration is to generate the expertise that abide by the welfares, and the societal and basic requirements, of the online communal. The online societies main objective is to work as a shared ground for persons who share the identical welfares as one another or have diverse personalities and differences. Some people are not self-assured when connecting head-on with other people and the online joint offers a home for these persons to train in methods that will assist them convert to more self confident in their communication abilities. Populaces who are reluctant or unconfident when it arises to head on messaging are capable of using these groups to be conversant with other citizens without having to openly display their introversion or uncertainties. Individuals are capable of talking with persons who share their identical experiences just in a dissimilar method of messaging. Communication offers a chance for people of diverse ethos to acquire from each other. It is essential to form abilities that improve communication. Be exposed, truthful, respectful, indulgent, and most of all ready to pay attention and acquire. Paying attention and observational abilities are necessary. Permitting people to be acquainted with the fact that you are concerned in what they have to say is critical to constructing trust. Communication approaches have to include the thoughtfulness of your listeners. This means not only using the linguistic and vernacular of the individuals you are attending, but also it means using communication conveyers that are demonstrated to have substantial worth, and use by your projected audiences. References Bucher, D. R., & Bucher, L. P. (2010). Diversity Consciousness: Opening Our Minds to People, Cultures and Opportunities. United States: Prentice Hall. Howard, B. S. (2009). The Benefits of Face-to-Face Interaction in the. The Journal of Online Learning and Teaching , 54-274. Parrillo, D. V. (2011). Strangers to These Shores: Race and Ethic Relations in the United States Census Update. United States: Prentice Hall.
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Balanced Treatment of the Pros and Cons of Nuclear Energy Essay The balanced treatment of the pros and cons of nuclear energy requires consideration of environmental, economical, social and political implications of using the atomic energy. The main arguments for using nuclear power instead of its alternatives include the reduction of air pollution, economy of non-renewable fossil fuels and independence of the state economy from foreign resources. First of all, the process of producing nuclear power does not cause the emission of air pollution. Taking into account the current situation with the global warming and greenhouse-gases, the opportunities of reducing the emission is recognized as a significant advantage of nuclear power by most environmentalists. James Lovelock, an outstanding researcher working in this domain noted that if the humanity had started using nuclear power earlier, the situation with global warming could be much better: “If we had nuclear power we wouldn’t be in this mess now” (Easton 223). The economy of non-renewable fossil fuels is another significant advantage of nuclear energy which allows not only using the alternative sources, but also treating the traditional resources much more effectively and reasonably. “Non-hydrocarbon-based energy sources, such as solar, wind, geothermal, and nuclear power, produce electricity, not liquid fuels, so their widespread use in transportation is at best decades away” (Hirsch, Bezdek and Wendling. “Peaking Oil Production: Sooner Rather than Later?”). Taking into account the current situation with the non-renewable natural resources, the governments offer increasing prices on them or enacting a carbon tax which would make nuclear power competitive as compared to wind or solar energy. By the way, even the spent fuel from the nuclear power plants still contains useful components and allows even opening new plants which would only recycle the waste. “New nuclear power plants represent the lowest cost power source” (Evans “Nuclear Power: Back in the Game”). Using the available resources instead of traditional fuels, nuclear power allows countries which lack natural resources to reduce their dependence on foreign fuels and foster their independence. Thus, the use of nuclear power presupposes a number of positive short-term and log-term consequences for the economy of the country and the environment of the planet. Along with all the advantages of using nuclear energy, it may have negative implications which are mostly associated with improper construction of plants, including the hazards of radioactive pollution, for example, and using the atomic power for political purposes such as making the plants attractive targets for terrorists and using nuclear power as weapon. “The worst incident in the history, Chernobyl killed just 56 people and made 20 square miles of land uninhabitable… There are suggestions that hundreds or thousands more may die because of long-term effects” (Easton 226). Though modern technologies allow making nuclear power plants safe, the risks of unintended release of radioactive materials still is rather high. Another burning problem is handling radioactive waste. Apart from technical side of the issue, nuclear power can be used for the wrong purposes. For example, as the most important strategic objects related to high levels of radioactive pollution, nuclear power plants are attractive targets for terrorists. Another hazard is using atomic energy for creating weapon for the purpose of strengthening the country’s position on the world political arena. The experience of Hiroshima and Nagasaki has demonstrated how destroying the nuclear energy may be. Thus, the negative implications of nuclear power are predetermined with the technical difficulties of preventing the radioactive pollutions and ethical considerations of using the atomic energy for civilian purposes only. In general, it can be concluded that nuclear power may have both positive and negative implications. Taking into account all the advantages of using nuclear energy for environment and economy, global measures need to be imposed for improving the construction of plants and preventing using nuclear power as weapon. Works Cited Hirsch, Robert, Roger Bezdek and Robert Wendling. “Peaking Oil Production: Sooner Rather than Later? Oil Production Will Begin to Decline in the Near Future. Beginning to Prepare Now Will Soften the Blow to the Economy”. Issues in Science and Technology 22 March 2005. Web. Easton, Thomas. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Environmental Issues. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Print. Evans, Robert. “Nuclear Power: Back in the Game”. Power Engineering 1 st Oct. 2005. Web.
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The “Grand” Migration in Chinese History Essay (Critical Writing) Every country has its share of immigration, and the China is no exception. Due to multiple reasons people abandon their country, seeking their fortune abroad. Everyone might have one’s own ideas of what to search behind the borders of their own country, but despite the historically proved eagerness of Chinese people to live China, the real cause is still to be viewed. An emigrational aspect of the Chinese was being overlooked so many times not without a reason. One of the first Chinese experiences of resettling people was forcible moving of prominent families throughout the empire to distant cities. It was done for making sacrifices and maintaining the imperial tombs. Due to such factors as shipping routes, trade patterns and other people of China was either pulled to some places abroad or pushed out of their country in large quantities. Only in a period of the second half of nineteenth-century records show an approximate amount of 300,000 immigrants from China entering the United States (Batalova, Hooper, 2015). As for the present reasons, just to compare, they are infrastructure improvements, political reforms, education (Carlson, 2012). Europe made its own impact on the migration. When Chinese people were confident enough with foreigners, new paths of colonization were opened. Especially willing were people, to whom agriculture, the common way of Chinese living, was not an option. But here we see ambivalence towards the migrating people. Europeans needed this free labor force, but they had fear also. So the Chinese, being out of their country, were often courted, punished and executed. The times when Europe literally controlled China exacerbated the attitude. A bright example is the Philippines, where “carrot policy” was mixed with “stick policy”. The mentioned here are not all the examples of how the Chines migration was carried out. Yet, it is enough to see that it had a compulsory feature as a significant part of it. Later we read that, considering the past experience of travelers, every Asian family sends abroad only those who are strong enough to survive the challenge, which was a migration for them. And here we meet the word “diaspora”, as a system of living, which was created with the Chinese in those lands where they settled. The word “with Chinese” here fits better than “by Chinese”. Historical examples show us that migration processes of China were controlled by many parties but the Chinese emigrants themselves. So it is possible to derive that the Chinese diaspora creation had a large portion of forcibility within. Familiar events were included in the works of Sima Qian, a prominent historian of China. Life wasn’t fair to Sima Qian. For the attempt of defending Li Ling, a captured general, he was given a choice: either to select a death penalty or castration. In the times of ancient China, these two were almost equal. The shame of being a eunuch drove men to suicide, and it was common sense back then. Nevertheless, Sima Qian’s vision differed. He chose to live with a humiliation, from which he never recovered (Gracie, 2012). The reason for this decision lies in the Chinese people’s obsession with their own history. The historian sacrificed his own honor for the sake of his work. What we see here is a forced part of Chinese history. Through ages, China suffered much from Europe-controlled migration processes. Eventually, they even brought some benefits for Chinese folk, but the way of making history is sometimes not something we can look at calmly. Reference Carlson, B. (2012). B 2009, Why Chinese immigrants chose America . Web. Gracie, C. (2012). Sima Qian: China’s “grand historian” . Web. Hooper, K. (2015). Chinese immigrants in the United States . Web.
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Red Rooster’s Brand Value Chain Essay Red Rooster is an Australian fast-food restaurant chain that specializes in roast chicken. It was founded in 1972, and by 2012, had over 360 stores across Australia. Since 2011, the company has been operating through franchises, and since 2018, rumors have been spreading of the company being on the verge of bankruptcy due to several franchisees having closed down their businesses (Chung 2018). A number of factors are thought to cause the company’s decline that can be connected to the failures in its brand value chain. The brand value chain is a structured approach to assessing the sources and outcomes of brand equity and the manner by which marketing activities create brand value. The first stage of the brand value chain is marketing product investment. The identified Red Rooster’s mistakes on this stage are primarily connected with its policy towards franchisees. The company has been reported by critics to assume a “poor business model,” forcing franchisees to buy products from suppliers at prices higher than charged by a supermarket (Daily Mail Australia 2019). The reward system and the customer loyalty program were designed poorly and introduced without warning or cost-benefit analysis, making the average store lose over $25,000 (Daily Mail Australia 2019). The company was accused of unfair business practices, and a number of franchisees dropped out and closed their stores, causing a fall in the company’s sales. In terms of customer mindset, which is the second stage of the brand value chain, Red Rooster has maintained a consistent image throughout its history. Since 2011, it started to promote its restaurants as “healthy, fresh, and quick,” and in 2014, a new brand positioning and an image upgrade centered around the slogan “Tender Loving Chicken” was launched. However, one of the reasons behind the company’s decline was reported to be connected with its brand image. According to Queensland University of Technology retail expert Dr. Gary Mortimer, the company’s problem is that it focuses only on chicken (Carey 2019). He claims that it “makes it difficult for the company to respond quickly to new consumer food trends like vegetarianism and veganism, healthy eating, and better quality fast casual gourmet options” (Carey 2019). For decades, the brand has been associated in the minds of consumers with unhealthy food and has not been taking sufficient efforts to change it. The third stage of the brand value chain is brand performance that defines how customers react to the brand and is measured in its market share, sales, sales growth, and market penetration. The indicators have dropped in recent years due to the conversion of many of the brand’s stores to franchises, although total sales have increased (Daily Mail Australia 2019). It can be concluded that the drop in the brand performance is connected primarily with the failure of its policy towards franchisees rather than customer dissatisfaction. References Carey, Alexis. 2019. “ Red Rooster Outlets Shut Up Shop in Queensland After Franchisee Put into Voluntary Administration .” News.com.au. 2020. Web. Chung, Frank. 2019. “’Constant Harassment’: Red Rooster, Oporto, Chicken Treat Franchisees on Verge of Collapse.” News.com.au. Web. Daily Mail Australia. 2019. “Chickens Coming Home to Roast: A Renegade Group of Red Rooster Franchisees Cry Fowl as Bankruptcy Claims Rock the Iconic Australian Branch.” Web.
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Tribal Cultures, Colonialism & Orientalism Essay The role of tradition and culture in contemporary society has been the subject of extensive academic scrutiny. Scholars have consistently emphasized cultural importance as a pervasive theme of modern life. There have been controversies and debates over “Asian values” concerning the region’s political discourse. This was after the Senior Minister of Singapore Lee Yuan Yew opposed the stand of the Eurocentric universalistic. It had demonstrated that the democratic undertakings in the Western version are ideal and practical to the rest of the world. However, probably no absolute Asian can represent the cultural values of all Asians. Although Asian intellectuals may perceive it as awkward and barbaric, preservation of ethnic cultural traditions will be beneficial to the ethnic groups in the long term. Culture preservation enhances mental strength and Asians will find joy in life in familiar landscapes. Asians should recognize the value of the culture to their future generation. Indeed, the cultural values of Asians poise a sense of identity. The community will gain personality and character of its own. As culture is shared among the inhabitants of the region, preserving it will involve passing it to the new generation. Effective transfer of culture involves the use of symbols when translating. The common symbols used in Asia include art, religion, and language. Culture bonds individuals in the society. Preservation of the culture will enhance unification in Asian traditions. The traditions and customs of the Asian community include celebration of annual festivals, designing a unique clothing, eating food, and the imminent cultural values. These cultural practices have unified the community, and they have experienced a peaceful co-existence in the region. In addition, preservation of Asian culture will impose a sense of social control in which the Asians will be able to shape their behavior and standards. These cultural values are the base for an individual principle in life. In the ancient times, orientalism was used to describe the attitudes of Europeans toward Asian societies. However, orientalism can also be seen on the way Asians view themselves. This accounts for tendencies to self-orientalization that would become an integral part of the history of orientalism. This phenomenon is still a factor in the current society. Ideally, ‘Orientalising’ of Asian cultures closely reflects the broader paradigm that is characterized by seductiveness, immorality, and immaturity among others. In essence, orientalism has demonized the Asian culture by depicting it as primitive, immature, irrational, subjective, and backward. On the other hand, it portrays Western laws as modern and advanced, developed, rational, and objective. This is the ideal situation in the current society. Orientalism affects an individual travel fantasies and the preservation of ethnic culture amongst the Asians. The need to be civilized and modernized in the society will mean that the ethnic culture of the Asians become extinct as it is replaced with the westernized culture. Tourists’ travels to Asia learn about their cultures. In addition, where they would have resort to westernization cultures, the tourist’s travel fantasies would have been impeded. As such, it will cause a negative impact on the economy of Asia. Though not much success was achieved in spreading the colonial socio-culture, education policies that were accompanied by the westernized culture opened the minds of the youth to political ideas in the West. Indeed, preservation of the community’s culture will enhance tourism, and provide uniqueness in the societal activities. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve it.
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Chronic Care Model for Diabetes Patients in the UAE Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Chronic Care model 3. Conclusion 4. Reference List Introduction The Chronic Care model is a framework that describes the routine delivery of care designed to improve patient health outcomes; in the case with mHealth, the model can be used to analyze the possibility of and barriers to implementation, as it outlines the basic concepts needed for successful intervention (Mallow et al. 2014). A study by Mallow et al. (2014) aimed to apply the Chronic Care model to review the implementation of mHealth as a treatment method for type II diabetes in rural areas of the United States. The purpose of this essay is to reflect on the use of the model by Mallow et al. (2014) and to evaluate the possibility of applying the same approach to review the implementation of mHealth to improve diabetes care in the remote areas of UAE. The Chronic Care model The Chronic Care model is based on the assumption that delivery of care is determined by six distinctive components: the health system, self-management support, community support, decision support, clinical information systems, and delivery system design (Mallow et al. 2014). All of the above factors have a significant influence on treatment outcomes. The Chronic Care model is particularly relevant to conditions where patient health depends both on the provision of treatment and on patient commitment, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. When applied to mHealth, the model helps to provide a critical overview of the factors that would affect the implementation of the scheme. For instance, community resources and policies might affect the patients’ use of mHealth as they influence the patients’ information-seeking behavior (Mallow et al. 2014). The use of evidence-based practice and universal treatment protocols, on the other hand, can help to deliver high-quality care via mHealth technologies (Mallow et al. 2014). Overall, using the Chronic Care Model as the basis for evaluating and implementing mHealth initiatives can help to improve patient health outcomes and overcome the barriers to successful implementation. In the UAE, diabetes is a widespread health issue: “In 2014, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reported that 19% of the UAE population of almost 9.5 million people had diabetes, the 16th highest rate in the world” (GSMA 2015, p. 2). The UAE is characterized by high internet penetration and extensive use of digital communication technologies, which makes it a suitable target for the implementation of mHealth technologies (GSMA 2015). Nevertheless, similarly to the United States, the UAE presents certain barriers to the use of mHealth technologies. For example, the UAE lacks the universal use of the evidence-based practice, which might affect the application of mobile health initiatives (Albarrak, Abbdulrahim & Mohammed 2014). Moreover, there are also obstacles to obtaining approval for healthcare services from the Ministry of Health and cooperation with mobile operators working in the UAE (GSMA 2015). Therefore, the implementation of mHealth services in the UAE should be part of a government scheme for improving health care provision, which would also include the improvement of evidence-based practices. Thus, applying the Chronic Care Model to the adoption of mHealth in the UAE would help to determine the possible constraints and opportunities affecting the implementation of the initiative. Conclusion Overall, Mallow et al. (2014) provide a useful example of how the application of the Chronic Care model could help to identify barriers to implementation of mHealth programs and improve their effectiveness in rural areas. The UAE could greatly benefit from the use of mHealth technologies to assist in the treatment of diabetes in remote communities. Therefore, applying the Chronic Care Model to the implementation of mHealth in the UAE would help to plan and introduce the intervention successfully. Reference List Albarrak, AI, Abbdulrahim, SAA & Mohammed, R 2014, ‘Evaluating factors affecting the implementation of evidence based medicine in primary healthcare centers in Dubai’, Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal , vol. 22, no. 3, pp.207-212. GSMA 2015, Mobile: a key enabler of public health strategies in the Gulf . Web. Mallow, JA, Theeke, LA, Barnes, ER, Whetsel, T & Mallow, BK 2014, ‘Using mHealth tools to improve rural diabetes care guided by the chronic care model’, Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care , vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 43-65.
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Paraphilias in Men and Women From Psychological Perspective Essay (Critical Writing) Why paraphilias are much more common in men than in women The number of reported cases of paraphilias in different parts of the world indicates that more men are affected by the condition n their female counterparts. There are few studies that have been done to determine the main reason for this disparity in the number of victims. The most plausible reason for the high number of paraphilia cases among women is a psychological approach. It is apparent that testosterone is the hormone responsible for sexual behavior, fantasies, and urges. It is also clear that men produce more testosterone than women; hence, they are more likely to be sexually aggressive and experimental. Paraphilia is associated with the development of abnormal sexual desires that may include practicing some behaviors that are extremely dangerous. This aggressiveness has been linked to the production of abnormally high levels of testosterone. Women produce relatively lower amounts of testosterone than men, and this means that they are less likely to develop paraphilic tendencies, although they also face a risk of developing the condition. The production of excessive amounts of testosterone on the part of males is not the sole factor leading to the development of paraphilia. The psychological configuration of the man is a major determinant of the sexual desires and fantasies he assumes. For instance, men with a psychological impairment may engage in very risky sexual behavior if they are paraphilic. Some men may develop risky behaviors like rape, peeping on other people, and forcing their partners into risky sexual encounters. The interplay between high levels of testosterone and abnormal psychological issues is more common among men than women; hence, the disorder is more likely to be portrayed by men than women. Theory of paraphilias The psychoanalytic theory of paraphilias makes more sense because it explains the roots of the disorder from a psychological perspective. According to the psychoanalytic theory, paraphilia is a condition that is manifested by people with unresolved issues, and most of the issues can be traced to their childhood. Most of the abnormal behaviors of the victims of the disorder are associated with anxiety and irrational responses to sexual desires. Researchers have linked most cases of paraphilia with the presence of abuse of the victims during their childhood. There are also cases of adults portraying this disorder after suffering from serious mental and physical abuse. The psychoanalytic theory clearly indicates that paraphilic disorder is a function of psychological abuse and other factors that are yet to be established. The theory also reveals that the disorder may result from the development of low-self esteem in an individual, or his or her voluntary alienation from society. There are many theories that have attempted to explain the causal factors of paraphilia, but most of them fail to consider the interplay between hormones and psychological issues. The psychoanalytic theory is among the few theories that have assumed this approach in explaining the disorder, and it focuses on finding the common factors portrayed by the victims of the disorder. This theory is quite plausible because it does not assume the role of any psychological factor; rather, it looks at the common factors portrayed by the majority of the victims. The validation of the claims of the theory is yet to be actualized, but the theory has provided researchers with a good starting point to address the causes of paraphilia. The theory is also instrumental in developing potential treatments for the disorder.
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King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud’s Responsible Leadership and Ethics Essay King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud (simply King Abdullah) was born in August 1924 in Riyadh. He was the 13th of the 45 sons of the founding father of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, King Abdulaziz. Abdullah was the sixth king of Saudi Arabia who ruled since 2005 after succeeding his half brother, King Fahd. Since 1995, King Abdullah was Saudi’s de facto leader. He assumed this leadership after King Fahd was incapacitated by a stroke. King Abdullah died in January 2015. During his reign, he transformed Saudi Arabia into a better country than his predecessors did. These transformations were notable in education, security, relationship with other countries, women empowerment, interfaith tolerance, and royal family succession process. It is through his dedication to positive reforms that I have always admired his leadership as the king of Saudi Arabia. This paper describes King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud as the leader I most admired and the rationale behind my admiration. Before King Abdullah assumed power as the king, Saudi Arabia faced major threats from domestic religious extremists that were supported by al-Qaeda. In addition, the citizens were restless due to the corruption of previous regimes. However, at his death, King Abdullah had managed to minimise considerably domestic threats. Notably, the only potential threat to Saudi Arabia is its short- to medium-term hostility with Iran which is associated with their rivalry over the regional supremacy. Basically, the decline of domestic threats implies that King Abdullah embraced responsive and ethical leadership among his subjects. King Abdullah embraced modern education. For instance, in order to modernise Saudi Arabia education, King Abdullah sponsored King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). KAUST offers coeducation laboratory lessons and class sessions. Notably, over the years Saudi Arabia has embraced strict constraints by not letting women to intermingle with men or drive. However, at KAUST, men and women take classes together and drive. Besides, this institution does not compel women to put on veils and abayas. The proponents of King Abdullah reforms consider KAUST as a breakthrough towards the achievement of a global scientific centre that can match higher learning education institutions in developed parts of the world such as Europe, United States, and Asia. Therefore, King Abdullah to sponsor KAUST shows his consciousness on modern education and in particular science and technology. As the king of Saudi Arabia, King Abdullah leadership was characterised by honesty and sincerity that was guided by chivalry, courage, truth and justice. His characters are highly demonstrated by his speech during KUAST inauguration. In his speech during the inauguration of KAUST, King Abdullah argued that science and faith cannot compete unless in unhealthy souls. In support of gender intermingling, King Abdullah noted that scientific centres that encourage the participation of all individuals create foundations against extremists. He urged KAUST to act as a beacon of tolerance. On the other hand, when religious groups voiced their criticism towards the university citing that coeducational policy is a violation of Sharia, King Abdullah acted swiftly. For instance, when Saad bin Nasser al-Shithri argued that mixing of women and men is a great sin, the king responded by removing Nasser al-Shithri from his post using a royal decree. As such, courageousness and candid characterised King Abdullah’s convictions in his mode of leadership. During his reign, King Abdullah empowered women more than his predecessors did. For instance, he passed a decree to allow women to participate in municipal elections though voting. Further, he allowed women and men to intermingle in classes and laboratories in KAUST. Further, he ordered a university for women to be constructed in Riyadh. Although a construction of university for women alone may be considered as promoting gender segregation; however, I think it should be viewed as a channel of empowering women through higher education. Thus, these policies demonstrate that King Abdullah embraced equality between men and women in education and other aspects. King Abdullah was a peaceful leader who committed himself in strengthening the understandings between faiths and nations across the world. For instance, in his meeting with Pope Benedict XVI, he advocated for interfaith tolerance. Again, King Abdullah introduced Abdullah Plan for Arab Peace with Israel. In the plan, Israel was to let go Golan Heights, East Jerusalem, and West Bank for the sake of having peace with Arab nations. At family level, King Abdullah minimised succession uncertainties by establishing an Allegiance Council. Senior princes make up the Allegiance Council, with their mandate being to choose the prince who will inherit the kingdom after the death of a king. Further, the Saudi Arabia king embraced a strong US-Saudi relationship as a way to creating stability and security in the Arab world and beyond. Notably, King Abdullah’s warm relationships did not deter him from speaking his mind. For instance, after the US invasion in Iraq, King Abdullah declared the act as illegitimate. In retrospect, King Abdullah left Saudi Arabia, a different country that it was when he assumed power. Notably, his leadership was more receptive to the public discussion of the government problems. Further, King Abdulla relied on his avuncular style of leadership and reputation of being honest to outwit all forms of media criticism. He pursued modern education, women empowerment, interfaith tolerance, and proper succession process in Saudi leadership. Through such positive reforms, King Abdullah was popular among Saudis. Besides, such reforms form the rationale why I most admired him as a leader.
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Statistics of Drinking and Income Levels Relationship Essay This work is a report focused on the statistical interpretation of an article that suggests that drinking has the effect of increasing the economic benefits of the people who engage in it. As such, the paper answers five questions that interpret the quality of the results and the deductions of the findings. First, the paper will explore that type of regression model the researchers of the work used before proceeding to analyze the relationships that the researchers chose during their study. Next, the work will identify any disadvantages in the use of the regression method, which could have affected the quality of the results. The fourth element of the work determines whether or not the researchers should have considered additional independent variables. Lastly, the work reconsiders the validity of the conclusions made using data from the findings. First, the researchers employed the Jackknife Regression Model, which functions as a method of generalized data clustering and reduction. The method is particularly useful when the model of the study involves correlated independent variables and dummy variables. For this case, the model of the study focused on the creation of a variable that indicated the frequency at which the participants of the research visited bars or any other places from where they could drink. One of the deductions that the researchers developed was an equation that related the long of people’s incomes and the levels of both social and nonsocial drinking without categorically identifying the demographic characteristics. The second study also used the same regression model because it used dummy variables to investigate the relationship between social drinking and the levels of income. The researchers examined the relationship between drinking of alcoholic drinks and the levels of income. There was first the need for developing a hypothesized approach out of the relationship between the frequencies of visiting the pubs. The rationale for the study was to establish the correlation between any type of drinking; social or non-social and the income levels of the participants. In another experiment, the researchers narrowed down on investigating the effects of social drinking on the levels of income especially after establishing the correlation from the first study. In the latter case, they used one depended variable; social drinking, and investigated its relationship with dummy variables. The use of the Jackknife Regression Model in a research of such nature had a number of disadvantages. For instance, the use of dummy variables for the analysis model did not give an appropriate picture of the research especially in the use of the study to investigate human characteristics. There are as many variables within human populations as possible, at least enough to suit all types of researchers. Therefore, making conclusions based on a narrow segment of the independent variables makes the validity of the findings low. Another disadvantage of the study is the fact that it did not cover a considerably large enough size of data to make a generalized conclusion about the entire human population. The researchers ignored the fact that the demographics and associated characteristics differ from place to place. The study could have delivered better results had those who conducted it considered a wide range of independent variables. For instance, drinking is a habit that varies from culture to culture, from one geographic region to another, which makes the findings of the study to have little validity. Therefore, the regression model should have utilized more characteristics of the populations such as their gender, their religious orientation, the levels of tolerance to alcohol, and other aspects. It is noteworthy that such factors affect that levels of drinking among individuals. The use dummy variables make the findings and subsequent conclusion of the study less valid. In conclusion, the deductions of the result could have been better and more valid should the researchers have incorporated a considerably larger size of the independent variables. The interpretation of the results would have had a categorical consideration for the variables within the populations such as gender, age, religious affiliations among others. Therefore, such a reasoning is to mean that the regression model adopted by the researchers does not give enough findings that would direct them to conclude that people who drink will always earn more than their non-drinking counterparts. The conclusion would have been more realistic had the study included age brackets, the levels of drinking, and the genders of participants among other aspects. Considerably people who drink excessively cannot earn more than those who abstain because of the health effects of overdrinking. As well, people who drink socially, but are not of the working class, such as students cannot earn more than those who drink to the same levels and work. Additionally, there is little logic in the conclusion upon the consideration that some religions and cultures do not permit the use of alcohol. Therefore, as much as the empirical data of the research could give the conclusion deduced by the researchers, its validity is little.
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The Helminthic Therapy Use in Medicine Essay Helminthic therapy presents a modern rediscovery of significant medical practice based on knowledge acquired at the beginning of the twentieth century. In general, helminthic therapy is based on the principle of helminths used to terminate various types of inflammations, such as autoimmune diseases, allergies, and chronic inflammations. The process involves the insertion of eggs of domesticated types of helminths or larvae into an individuals’ digestive tract. In the process, the helminths reconstruct the depleted biome of the human organism and stop the inflammation. The fact that it has taken quite a long time to rediscover the importance of the biome to the human immune system is quite puzzling. However, this could be considered a breakthrough in the medical world in the context of the epidemic nature of immune-related diseases. According to Elliott and Weinstock (2009), most people were colonized with helminths before the 1930s. Recent epidemiology reports indicate that over the last 40 years, cases of asthma diagnoses have significantly increased in developed countries (Elliott & Weinstock, 2009). Furthermore, immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes have become more common in modern society (Elliott & Weinstock, 2009). The microbiome plays a vital role in influencing the development of the human immune system. Thus, through the development of technologies and hygiene practices, humanity caused a decrease in human immune systems. Conducting research of the currently available body of knowledge on the concept and evidence-based practices allowed me to base a thorough opinion on the safety and credibility of helminthic therapy. Researchers on helminthic therapy agree that exposure to approved helminthic parasites is necessary to revive the human immune system and make it stronger (Liu et al., 2017). According to Liu et al. (2017), results from numerous studies on helminthic therapy provide evidence that the therapy can be used to heal various types of allergies, neuropsychiatric conditions, and autoimmune disorders. Considering that human beings and their associated biome have been coexisting for millions of years without considerable harm, claiming that the use of the same microorganisms to heal immune-related disorders would be unsubstantiated. The human immune system is more active with the presence of helminthic than being without them. Therefore, human beings have survived for so long because of their strong immune system that was able to effectively respond to invaders, including helminthic microorganisms. In turn, the parasitic organisms adapted by suppressing the inflammation response by the human immune system and hence were able to survive. Keeping the inflammation in check meant that the human immune system was not reactive to perceived invaders hence low levels of immune disorders such as allergy. The fact that helminthic therapy can treat numerous types of allergies, neuropsychiatric conditions, and autoimmune disorders is a big reprieve to the medical world and the well-being of the human species. Modern medicines and practices have not been able to effectively treat the aforementioned conditions. The application of helminthic therapy, which is simple to administer without too many complications, is quite advantageous while, at the same time, effective in the treatment of immune disorders. In addition, although not recommended, helminthic treatment could be self-administered with the correct information and expert knowledge. The only setbacks of the procedure are that in some instances, exposure to helminthic parasites could cause diseases to human beings, and some helminthic microorganisms, such as Trichuris suis ova (TSO), are relatively expensive. All in all, owing to the benefits that the human population stands to gain from helminthic therapy, including safety and successful treatment of immune disorders, I would recommend its application in the United States. References Elliott, D. E., & Weinstock, J. V. (2009). Helminthic therapy: Using worms to treat immune-mediated disease. In P. G. Fallon (Ed.), Pathogen-derived immunomodulatory molecules (pp. 157–166). Springer. Liu, J., Morey, R. A., Wilson, J. K., & Parker, W. (2017). Practices and outcomes of self-treatment with helminths based on physicians’ observations. Journal of Helminthology , 91 (3), 267-277. Web.
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The Effect of Uncomfortable Cinema Chairs on People Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Organization Overview 3. Problem Description 4. References Introduction The purpose of this study is to examine the negative effect of uncomfortable cinema chairs on viewers. Trueman (2011) believes that most movie theatres have bad-quality seats that may aggravate problems with the spine, neck, or pelvis. Interesting films get all people’s concentrations, and they usually forget to change their positions. This leads to an extremely severe tightness in the neck that keeps the head motionless. Moreover, uncomfortable chairs in cinemas cause a viewer’s pelvis to rotate, curving his or her spine into a hunched C-shape. This position makes muscles in the back support the head, which also is unnecessary stress on joints. Trueman (2011) also notices that if there is not enough space between the two rows of seats, people have to sit cross-legged, which also has a harmful effect on their spine. The less serious issues after sitting in an uncomfortable cinema chair surrounded by darkness and loud sounds are discomfort and fatigue, but people with chronic problems may have more severe consequences (“Seating,” 2018). Therefore, bad-quality seats in movie theatres have a significant effect on people’s health. Organization Overview For this study, VOX Cinemas is chosen and discussed in order to observe the problem of uncomfortable chairs affecting people. This extended cinema arm is operated and owned by Majid Al Futtaim Cinemas, “the leading shopping mall, retail and leisure pioneer across the Middle East and North Africa” (Vox Cinemas Staff, 2020, para. 1). VOX Cinemas is the fastest and most successfully growing cinema business and the most customer-focused and innovative exhibitor in the MENA region (Vox Cinemas Staff, 2020). Moreover, in the Middle East, VOX Cinemas is the largest cinema network with fifty locations and five hundred and fourteen screens across the region. Despite the fact that this cinema network is extended and rather famous, it plans to grow further. By 2023, Majid Al Futtaim Cinemas will invest a significant amount of money in developing six hundred screens across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Vox Cinemas Staff, 2020). Its valuable benefit is that VOX Cinemas offers a mix of experiences, including luxury concepts and “tailoring every cinema location to the surrounding market place and customer preferences” (Vox Cinemas Staff, 2020, para. 3). In the Middle East, this cinema network was the first to offer IMAX with Sapphire and introduce IMAX with Laser (Vox Cinemas Staff, 2020). Moreover, VOX Cinemas also has 4DX – a multi-sensory movie-watching concept, as well as the only cinema for families and children – KIDS. Problem Description It is hard to disagree that generally, people go to cinemas in order to enjoy movies. However, watching even the best film can be spoiled by the inconvenience of chairs in the theater. Uncomfortable cinema seats have a considerable effect on people who spend a couple of hours sitting on them and hardly moving. While watching a movie, only a few persons remember to change their position or do a five-minute warm-up outside the hall (Trueman, 2011). When viewers look at the screen, their necks are in constant tension, and if uncomfortable seats do not support them, the blood flow can become slower. Usually, inconvenient cinema seats make people sit in a way that is not comfortable for them. Though it is just for several hours, a person with problems with his or her neck, head, blood flow, or back may feel annoying pain for the rest of the day or even longer (Trueman, 2011). These are the reasons why movie theatre networks should provide their halls with seats that tilt a viewer’s pelvis in such a way that helps the spine adopt the usual S-shape. References Seating . (2018). Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors. Web. Trueman, M. (2011). Are you sitting comfortably in the theatre? The Guardian. Web. Vox Cinemas Staff. (2020). About us . Vox Cinemas. Web.
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The High Infant and Perinatal Mortality Rates in Chicago Qualitative Research Purpose of the study The objective of the current study is to describe how the application of qualitative methods and internet-based methods can be used encourage community outreach workers to participate in community-based research in the assessment of public health intervention (Peacock et al, 2011, p. 2275). Research hypothesis * Outreach workers are also able t o function as researchers, in addition to their work * Activities * Outreach workers prefer verbally relating their encounters with respondents, as * opposed to the use of such written methods as field notes or journaling * Outreach workers yearn for maximum flexibility in filling reports as it is very hard for * them to complete the activity with their busy schedules Study Participants The study mainly targets women of African American descent living in Chicago, IL, and who are often faced with the challenges of high infant and perinatal mortality and morbidity rates (Peacock et al, 2011, p. 2275). Type of research The current research was of the exploratory type. It involved the use of a VoIP phone-in system to identify at-risk pregnant women among the target population, so that they could be placed on a Medicaid reimbursed social and health services. Research design The study was qualitative in nature. The research was aimed at exploring the role of outreach workers who had participated in a community-based intervention program. In this case, the outreach workers would first receive training on certification in research ethics and qualitative research methodology (Peacock et al, 2011, p. 2275). The outreach workers utilized Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phone-in system. This instrument would help the outreach workers to obtain narrative reports regarding the challenges that the participants (women in the community) are often faced with. In addition, the VoIP phone-in system would also assist the outreach workers to narrate their individual experiences in their capacity as outreach workers. Methodology The methodology involved administering the Healthy Births for Healthy Communities (HBHC) program among women in 2 communities in Chicago, IL. The two communities are mainly made up of women of African American descent. One of the defining traits of the women was high perinatal as well as infant mortality and morbidity rates. In this case, community outreach workers were used to identify at-risk pregnant women so that they could then be enrolled in Medicaid reimbursed social and health services (Peacock et al, 2011, p. 2275). In order for the women to be considered eligible for the current program, the pregnant women also had to be of low income status. Also, these women should not have been part of a similar program in the past. Once the outreach workers had identified the study’s respondents using the VoIP phone-in system, they had to fill out engagement logs and canvassing forms about those women that they had encountered while executing their outreach activities. Data Collection Data was collected using the VoIP system, which enabled outreach workers to call the numbers provided and leave a message (Peacock et al, 2011, p. 2277). The outreach workers were also provided with scripts. This would enable them to record stories that according to them had a lot of relevance to the project. Results The qualitative data collected by the outreach workers on the study’s respondents gave them useful insights that could not otherwise have been collected by the evaluation team ((Peacock et al, 2011, p. 2278). For example, the outreach workers were able to learn more about the complex lives that the poor pregnant women had to undergo. In addition, the outreach workers also met with rewards and challenges that characterize the role of an outreach worker. Conclusions The study revealed that lay health workers may play a crucial role in research work. In addition, the study also revealed that it is quite possible to tailor training in research methods and ethics to suit the preferences and educational level of the lay health workers (Peacock et al, 2011, p. 2280). Another finding of the study is that the useful insights of lay health workers can provide us with vital perspectives and information that could be hard to acquire using other data collection techniques. Moreover, the study revealed that training sessions can also be used as a venue to address the various challenges encountered by lay health workers when they are used as both lay health workers and researchers. Critique The study’s objectives are very clear and in the end, the study has been able to achieve the set objective. The language used by the study is also very coherent, and it had been referenced properly, both in-text and at the reference section. The authors of the study have explored the methodology section in detail and as such, it is much easier for the researcher to follow the study. On the other hand, the study neither has a clear hypothesis, not does it contain questionnaires. Nonetheless, the researchers have managed to identify a number of limitations that they were faced with while undertaking the project and this further adds credibility to the study. It would also have been useful if the researchers are able to enumerate some of the study’s delimitations as well. Furthermore, the researchers have not made an attempt to incorporate an ethical consideration section. For instance, since the community outreach workers would have to use VoIP phone-in system and scripts to collect data, this would constitute inversion of personal privacy. As such, it is important to take into account ethical considerations. While carrying out a research study of this nature, it is important to first seek consent from the ethical committee of the institution to which the project is affiliated. Reference List Peacock, N., Issel, M., Townsell, S. J., Chapple-McGruder, TG., & Handler, A. (2011). An Innovative Method to Involve Community Health Workers as Partners in Evaluation Research. American Journal of Public Health , 101(12), 2275-80
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European Physiotherapy Industry’s External Analysis Research Paper The entrance to a new region is always a challenging issue because of the necessity to consider all peculiarities of the market that might affect a firm in its functioning. Any company is not isolated as it operates and evolves in a particular context. For this reason, consideration of all forces that might impact the project is critical. For instance, the entrance of FysioSupplies to the Spanish market can be prepared by using the DESTEP model to consider all existing peculiarities and select the most appropriate strategy. In general, DESTEP can be taken as a potent tool of modern management. Frue (2017) states that all outside forces that are important for the evolution of any business project are considered by DESTEP, which functions as an approach to determine the current macro environment and help firms to formulate their strategy to remain successful. DESTEP is an abbreviation that stands for demographic, economic, socio-cultural, technological, ecological, and political forces (“The macro environment,” n.d.). Every element of modern markets is critical for the work of organizations and should be investigated when planning the entry to a new market. The enhanced understanding of these factors can help to generate a competitive advantage and become popular with local clients or targeted audiences. That is why the FlysioSupplies can benefit from the employment of this tool for macro environment analysis. For instance, demographics, or peculiarities of local people, is the first core component of the DESTEP model. Speaking about the given force, De Vlieger (2012) states that a better understanding of clients’ buying behavior and preferences is a key for the development and success of any company as it might help to create products or offerings that will be appreciated by the target audience and help to generate income. For this reason, the entry to a Spanish market can also be started from the analysis of local customers and their preferences regarding the selected market segment. It will help to offer unique services and interest them. As for other elements of DESTEP, the existing literature is united in the opinion that the given tool provides multiple opportunities for companies of various sizes. Thus, analyzing the economic, socio-cultural, technological, ecological, and political forces that are peculiar to the region, an organization can conclude the possibility of entrance this very market and benefits that can be acquired from this step (“DESTEP analysis,” n.d.). At the same time, these forces of the macro-environment impact any new venture, which means that the employment of tools such as DESTEP is a correct step demanded the in-depth investigation of the current sphere and creation of the short-term and long-term goals. Altogether, the entrance to the Spanish market can be taken as a complex issue that demands a comprehensive investigation of all forces that can influence the company. For this reason, the DESTEP model can be applied to the physiotherapy industry with the primary aim to perform the analysis of such demographic, economic, socio-cultural, technological, ecological, and political forces to select the most effective strategy. The existing literature supports this tool as a potent method to improve the understanding of the exiting macro environment and align the functioning of various units in a way that will help to meet clients’ expectations and consider all potentially significant elements of the local market. It is recommended to align the entry process by using DESTEP as the primary analysis tool. References De Vlieger, R. (2012). DESTEP analysis . Web. DESTEP analysis . (n.d.). Web. Frue, K (2017). What is DESTEP analysis and how it’s used in business . Web. The macro environment – Six forces in the environment of a business . (n.d.). Web.
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The Potential of Psilocybin in Treating Depression Essay The therapeutic benefit of using psychedelics in treating various mental illnesses is controversial. Despite the potential of psychedelics to help the patient, there is a risk to make things worse as the drugs of this type might be dangerous for the patient’s mental state. This work critically analyzes five studies exploring the effects of a specific psychedelic (psilocybin) in treating a specific mental health disorder (depression). This work is a literature review that aims to discuss the topic and compare and contrast psychedelics with traditional forms of psychological treatment. First of all, it is essential to understand the general effects of psilocybin on the brain that are present in the current literature. According to Kuypers (2020), small doses of psilocybin can positively affect cognitive processes, including time perception and divergent and convergent thinking, and the corresponding brain regions. However, the same study has found that using psilocybin increases anxiety and may create a cycling pattern of depression and euphoria (Kuypers, 2020). Therefore, it may be dangerous to administer small doses of psilocybin to patients suffering from depression as it does not guarantee a positive effect and can contribute to the development of another severe mental illness. Compared to the traditional psychological treatments, psilocybin may provide similar improvements, but it is also associated with high risks, meaning that more scientific knowledge is required to support psilocybin’s therapeutic value. The risks of using psychedelics in treating patients with mental health disorders cause the related question concerning the reasons to use them instead of traditional psychological treatments. According to Roseman et al., (2018), psychedelic therapy may be more appropriately thought of as a distinct form of (drug-assisted) psychotherapy than as a pure pharmacotherapy. However, the current treatments have limited effectiveness and adherence (Davis et al., 2021). That is why new methods and techniques, including the usage of psilocybin, are constantly explored to find more effective ways of treating mental illnesses such as depression. The importance of studying the positive effects of psilocybin is explained in recent studies. They suggest that 1 or 2 administrations of psilocybin with psychological support produce antidepressant effects (Davis et al., 2021). The research of Hibicke et al. (2020) has also provided evidence to that suggestion. The randomized clinical trial conducted by Davis et al. (2021) shows that psilocybin with therapy is efficacious in treating major depressive disorder. The trial consisted of two sessions, using 20 mg and 30 mg of psilocybin (Davis et al., 2021). Therefore, conducting more clinical trials may lead to discoveries and provide more evidence of the positive effects of psilocybin in treating mental illnesses. As it is known, depression is a complex mental illness, meaning that it can be associated with complicated treating. It is questionable whether psychedelics can be effective in such cases. For instance, the study of Roseman et al. (2018) explores the effects of psilocybin in treating patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The study describes another clinical trial which involved twenty patients with treatment-resistant depression underwent treatment with psilocybin (two separate sessions: 10 and 25 mg psilocybin) (Roseman et al., 2018). Another specificity of this study is that it aims to test the effectiveness of psilocybin in treating TRD in the long term (Roseman et al., 2018). Although the study shows psilocybin’s contribution to the long-term positive outcomes, it also reveals the psychedelic’s association with increased anxiety (Roseman et al., 2018). That fact has also been discussed in another study reviewed in this work, meaning that future work is necessary to determine psilocybin’s efficacy more accurately and consider ways of reducing anxiety symptoms. Another critical point regarding exploring psilocybin effects is understanding its therapeutic mechanisms, which were not addressed in the studies reviewed previously. The study conducted by Carhart-Harris et al. (2017) measures cerebral blood flow and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) dependent on the blood oxygen level in patients before and after a psilocybin treatment. The researchers collected data from 19 patients using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (Carhart-Harris et al., 2017). According to the researchers’ findings, all patients demonstrated reduced depressive symptoms correlated with decreased cerebral blood flow and increased RSFC (Carhart-Harris et al., 2017). Further exploration of psilocybin’s therapeutic mechanisms can help understand its similarities and differences with the medications used in current psychological treatments. Overall, the current literature demonstrates the positive effects of using psilocybin in treating depression. The studies analyzed in this review provide evidence that small doses of psilocybin can decrease the symptoms of depression. However, several studies also report that psilocybin might be associated with increased anxiety. Compared to the traditional psychological treatments, psilocybin can have similar positive effects, but the current literature lacks the knowledge to address the corresponding risks. Therefore, further exploration of the subject and conducting more clinical trials are advisable to better understand the effects of psilocybin. References Carhart-Harris, R. L., Roseman, L., Bolstridge, M., Demetriou, L., Pannekoek, J. N., Wall, M. B., & Nutt, D. J. (2017). Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: FMRI-measured brain mechanisms. Scientific reports , 7 (1), 1-11. Davis, A. K., Barrett, F. S., May, D. G., Cosimano, M. P., Sepeda, N. D., Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2021). Effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry , 78 (5), 481-489. Hibicke, M., Landry, A. N., Kramer, H. M., Talman, Z. K., & Nichols, C. D. (2020). Psychedelics, but not ketamine, produce persistent antidepressant-like effects in a rodent experimental system for the study of depression. ACS chemical neuroscience , 11 (6), 864-871. Kuypers, K. P. (2020). The therapeutic potential of microdosing psychedelics in depression. Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology , 10 , 1-15. Roseman, L., Nutt, D. J., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2018). Quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Frontiers in pharmacology , 8 , 974.
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Discrimination Against Women and Protecting Laws Essay Women form a considerable portion of a country’s population. Similarly, women constitute a large percentage of the group that participates in economical activities and particularly in agriculture. However, many women do not have proper access to natural resources and credit facilities. Moreover, women tend to be concentrated in informal sectors where they work without an employment contract and paid poorly. Women are highly discriminated in variety of ways that range from international instruments and national legislation to customary laws that are prevalent in Latin America, Africa and Asia-Pacific region. lastly, women’s discrimination deteriorates further because of the cultural attitudes that are highly internalized by women. In response to the great discrimination of women, international women conferences have played a significant role in assisting in formulation and enacting of appropriate discrimination laws to curtail gender bias. In many nations in the 19 th century, women could not execute any legal acts without the consent of their husbands. The prohibition entailed some states denying women the right to engage in any employment, without the authorization of their husbands such as in Indonesia or Syrian Arab. However, with the development of appropriate anti-discrimination laws, such laws have become outdated. For instance, the Brazilian code of 1916 restricted women from handling some legal acts without prior approval of their spouses. However, with the enacting of the laws 4131 in 1962, the law allowed Brazilian women to transact most acts without approval from their husbands. Further amendments of the constitution in 1988 and 2002 affirmed the rights and equality of both husbands and wives (Agarwal, 2004). In the 19 th century, most constitutions granted men the right to acquire and manage family properties. This limited women from accessing and managing family properties. These days, many nations have adopted laws that empower women to acquire and manage family properties. For example, by 1998 in Philippians, the law allowed joint administration of family property by spouses. However, in case of disagreements the husband decision prevailed. The Brazilian Civil Code of 2002 gave both spouses equal rights for access and management of family property, as well as rights to administer separate property. Similarly, the Turkey Civil Code of 2001 allowed husband and wives to have equal say in marriages. This encompass the access to property particularly land and mainly in nations where land sales is rare, and inheritance is the main form of land acquisition. African nations are almost at par with Europeans nations in upholding laws for equity of women and men. For instance, in Tanzania the Land Act of 1999 acknowledged impartiality of men’s and women in access and management of natural resources (Agarwal, 2004). The continuous developments of women discrimination laws have greatly uplifted the participation of women politically, socially as well as economically. Enacting of legislations that allow women to participate in legal transactions, as well as engage in formal employment without prior authorization from their husbands is a great move in the liberation of women. Similarly, adoption of codes of acts that allow women to have equal rights in access and management of natural resources such as land was imperative move. Reference List Agarwal, B. (2004). A Field of One’s Own: Gender Rights in Latin AMERICA,Asia and Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kubasek, N. K., Browne, M. N., Herron, D. J., Giampetro-Meyer, A., Barkacs, L. L., Dhooge, L. J., & Williamson, C. (2012). Dynamic business law (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
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Ed. Kathleen, S. Cain, Janice Neuleib, and Stephen Ruffus. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2012. 80-86. Print. David Brooks uses the Israel-Palestinian context not only to trace the increase in suicide bombings in the recent past but also profile the suicide bomber mentality and examine the culture that supports these individuals. According to the article, the culture of indoctrination, addiction to revenge and martyrdom glorification are to blame for facilitating a paradigm shift, whereby suicide bombing is no longer viewed as a means but rather as an end. The culture of indoctrination, according to Brook, has motivated the zeal of well-educated Palestinians to offer themselves as suicide bombers, willing and ready to do anything to further the Palestinian cause. The consequent motivation arising from the indoctrination of these bombers, it seems, is not so much laced with religious fanaticism as previously thought, but by exposure to intense spiritual training, reinforcement of the need to take revenge, and reassurance of the many rewards bombers can expect in the afterlife. Consequently, addiction to take revenge against the perceived enemies is a direct consequence of the intense indoctrination intended to cultivate dogmatic loyalty to the objectives of a particular terrorist group. Martyrdom glorification has been shown to be at an all-time high in Palestine, as parents and other social institutions take pride in suicide bombers for making the ultimate sacrifice to progress their cause. Television networks air videotapes of martyrs as they vow how they will find solace in eliminating Israelis and Westerners, while the bombers’ parents often join in televised interviews to demonstrate their happiness and gratification in their sons and daughters for taking the war to the Israelis. Overall, the common perception among most Palestinians is that suicide bombings can act as an end to the wrongdoings and humiliations progressed by Israel; however, it may also be that the culture of suicide bombing has affected the wide Palestinian culture to the point whereby many people in the society have become obsessed with raw hatred targeted at Israelis and Westerners. To address the problem, Israel need not make concessions to the demands of terrorists but rather come up with ways and strategies intended to address the passions that feed these attacks.
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Victim’s Self-Protection and Victimization Theory Coursework Table of Contents 1. How Victims Can Protect Themselves 2. The Rates of Victimization 3. Victimization Theory 4. References How Victims Can Protect Themselves There are several ways in which potential victims can protect themselves. First of all, it is crucial to think rationally and stay away from any criminal activity. Second, any given individual should be aware of the importance of protecting their vulnerability. On a bigger scale, the notion of vulnerability is inextricably linked to the notion of humanness (Quinn, 2015). Another trivial way to protect yourself from being victimized is to choose the company carefully. There should be only a small circle of people who share the same lifestyle and ideas. One of the most rational ways to protect yourself is to avoid allowing strangers to enter your home. This living concept is rather simple, but its effectiveness has been proven by numerous research projects. Depending on the area the individual resides in, it may be useful to spend a reasonable amount of money on home security. The implementation of such precautionary measures will positively affect the well-being of the individual and minimize the chances of being victimized. One of the most underrated ways to decrease the victimization possibility is to be careful with valuables (Quinn, 2015). This means keeping expensive things or important documents in a safe place. Lately, neighborhood watch becomes more and more popular among American citizens. This method is an efficient crime deterrent as the majority of criminals are commonly avoiding communities with a neighborhood watch. It is also reasonable to evade potentially unsafe areas when walking alone and discard routine actions as often as possible (Wagner, 2013). Any individual should not entrust their belongings to other people as it may negatively affect interpersonal relationships or lead to other adverse outcomes. The Rates of Victimization The rates of victimization are highly contingent on a variety of seasonal patterns. The so-called seasonal patterns evolve when a certain trend is identified in terms of victimization rates during a set time interval. The issue of seasonal patterns is a very popular topic among numerous authors. These authors are known for linking things such as daylight hours and temperature changes to variations in annual crime rates. Moreover, there is a belief that the beginning and end of the school year also have an impact on the victimization rates due to the routine activity patterns developing throughout this time of the season. The existing reports on the victimization patterns show that there are numerous seasonal trends connected to household property victimization (Crawford & Evans, 2012). These include motor vehicle thefts and burglaries. There are also trends in violence which include robberies, different types of assault, and rapes. Some of the seasonal fluctuations in victimization were reviewed in terms of associated weaponry and other victimization data that might be useful for the research. The overall data on victimization showed that the burglary rates were peaking during the summer and were significantly lower during other seasons. Motor vehicle theft was not tangibly affected by seasonal patterns. According to the results of the research, the most evident victimization pattern was identified for violent crimes. Almost 70% of various types of assault and rapes occur throughout the summer (Beirne & Messerschmidt, 2015). Out of this 70 %, the majority of the simple assault cases happen during the fall. At the same time, the victimization rates of robbery during the fall and winter tend to zero. The victimization rates of crimes involving weapons also were higher during the summer and the fall. Victimization Theory The theory of victim precipitation can be perceived as one of the most controversial theories among all four. This theory is founded on the belief that the illegal activity ultimately leading to serious injury or even death may be unconsciously initiated by the victims themselves. The passive precipitation occurs when the victim covertly encourages illicit activity and provokes the attacker. Siegel (2015) considers that the love interest, job status, or other similar factors may be considered perfect examples of these covert behaviors. He also believes that the individuals that belong to minority groups or represent alternate lifestyles are also exposed to the threat of becoming a victim due to their defiance. The key focus of the victim precipitation theory consists in the fact that passive manifestation of violent behavior is always the consequence of authoritative issues. By the study of victimization, this theory can be applied to the politics where a politician may be vulnerable to the leader of an activist group. This happens because the politician realizes that the activist is aimed at exposing only negative aspects of the politician’s personality and the latter may lose his authority. Moreover, this type of precipitation may transpire even when the victim does not suspect that an aggressor exists (Siegel, 2015). In this case, the victimization is contingent on the provocative actions of the target individual. One of the debatable questions discussed within the framework of this theory is the contribution (sometimes slightly traceable) to the act of rape (including provocative appearance/ clothing or consent of intimacy). Overall, this theory can be applied to the study of victimization, but one should be aware of the fact that occasionally the victims are the ones who triggered the manifestation of illicit activity that resulted in an injury or death. References Beirne, P., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2015). Criminology: A sociological approach . New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Crawford, A., & Evans, K. (2012). Crime prevention and community safety. Oxford Journal of Criminology, 3 (44), 769-805. Quinn, E. (2015). Crime victimization: A comprehensive overview . Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press. Siegel, L. J. (2015). Criminology: The core (5th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Wagner, W. E. (2013). Practice of research in criminology and criminal justice . New York, NY: Sage.
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High School Alumni Foundation Start-Up Plan Essay Table of Contents 1. The Group 2. Premortem 3. Team Members Concerns 4. Additional Ideas 5. Themes 6. Revised Plan The Group The group’s main objective was to form an alumni foundation that would encompass the students who were in school during the reign of Mr. Michael Walter. The foundation would be aptly named Walter’s Kids and it would target the students who studied in York High school between the years 1998 and 2013. The foundation was suggested in honor of Mr. Walter who passed away recently. After the initial plans were made, it was time to perform a premortem of the plans. The goal of the group is to set up a foundation that will contribute towards the general improvement of York High school and the community at large. Premortem The group then looked into the future to point out any possible failures and pitfalls. All the group members actively voiced their predictions and their fears concerning the survival and performance of the group. In this scenario, the group members assume that the foundation has already been set up but its missions and objectives have been affected by a number of failures. Therefore, the group sought to establish what contributed to the failures by assuming that they have already happened. Team Members Concerns The members raised a number of issues that have the potential to become future problems. One recurring issue was that the initiative failed due to its selective association with the Walter-affiliated alumni. The existing alumni association felt that it was being undermined by the new parallel initiative and set out to diminish the new initiative. Another problem that led to the failure of the foundation initiative was the lack of commitment among the targeted members. In another instance, the members supported the initiative for only a short time but they abandoned it after a short time. Consequently, the initiative slowly fizzled out on its own. Additional Ideas The members also found that when the original plans for the foundation kept changing and shifting, the members found it too hard to keep up with these changes and their support fizzled out. Another member hypothesized that money management issues led to suspicions between members and this led to the initiative’s demise. Themes Almost all the possible failures of the foundation have to do with management issues. The management issues involve marketing the idea, coming up with fresh ideas that can sustain the interest of the members and managing resources. It is also clear that the initiative’s main strengths or weaknesses lie in the will of its members. Revised Plan After the premortem had been conducted, the team members sought to revise the plans of the foundation initiative with the view of avoiding the hypothesized pitfalls. The first major improvement was to ensure that the initiative had the absolute goodwill of the existing alumni organization. The improvement on the initial plans eliminates the possibility of conflicts of interest between the existing alumni association and Walter’s Kids. The other improvement was to come up with long-term goals for the initiative. The long-term goals would guarantee that all the members are aware that the initiative is meant to last. Therefore, the interest of the members would be easily sustained in the long-term. Another revision in the plan is to ensure that all finances are handled in a transparent manner from the onset. The members pointed out that the issue of finances was likely to bring down the foundation as it had done to other similar initiatives.
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With the advancement of technology came advanced software and the internet; the whole world got connected in a wink of an eye and accessibility of distant information and knowledge became a child’s play. But as technology brings hazards with itself when handled with bad intention, software became ‘Malware’ in the hands of some people with no good intention and with the help of the internet they started spreading to all the computers connected in the network (Zhang and Ma 573-586). They have attacked several times till today and will do that in the future also as epidemics had been spread and will be spread by germs to bring disease in the human body. “Malicious software, or malware, is software that enters a computer system without the owner’s knowledge or consent.……….conceal the malware’s malicious actions, or bring profit from the action that it performs” (Ciampa 41). Malware is of various types, as for example, virus, spam, Trojan horse, worm, etc. One such malware is a worm. A worm is “a program that is designed to take advantage of a vulnerability in an application or an operating system in order to enter a system” (Ciampa 63). One notorious worm that had infected a huge number of computers running Microsoft IIS Web Server through the internet was the Code Red worm. It was first discovered on July 13, 2001, by eEye Digital Security persons Mark Maiffret and Ryan Permet. By July 19, the worm had infected 359,000 hosts (Zhang and Ma 573-586). The worm works by sending its code in the place of an HTTP address. It takes advantage of a vulnerability of the computer running Microsoft IIS called the Buffer Overflow through which it gets entry into the host computer. “A buffer overflow occurs when a process attempts to store data in random access memory ….This extra data overflows into the adjacent memory locations and under certain conditions may cause the computer to stop functioning” (Ciampa 85). The worm used the vulnerability by running a long string of the repeated character ‘N’ to get entry to the computer. The code gets inserted in a file instead of being saved as one and operates from the memory. The malicious code checks for the availability of the file C: Notworm and if found the thread does not run. It goes to an indefinite sleep. But if the file C:Notworm is not there and the date is before the 20th of the month the thread creates new threads and attempts to infect new IP addresses in a random manner. While infecting the thread avoids looping back to the source computer (Zhang and Ma 573-586). There is one more feature of the worm. It causes websites to appear defaced if the default language of the computer is American English. On these computers, the thread creates further threads and runs a function responding to HTTP requests after staying inert for two hours. The correct website is not returned and instead, the own HTML code of the worm is returned. The defaced website looks as below: “Hacked By Chinese!” (Lemos 1) This infection stayed on the computer for 10 hours and then was removed. But there was always the fear of repeat infection by other threads. When the date of the month is between 20th and 28th the threads tried to impart a Denial of Service attack on a particular IP address. The website of Whitehouse was affected and had to be changed. Finally, after the 28th of the month, the threads stopped working and went to an indefinite sleeping state (Zhang and Ma 573-586). There is another version of the worm which was first found on August 4, 2001, called the Code Red II. It was actually a new worm that did not cause the defacing of the websites. Though the worm had created havoc it is not that it can be taken precaution against. Symantec Security Response has devised guidelines for both home and corporate users to prevent the worm from entering computers. A few of them are: * Complex password systems decrease the vulnerability of a computer to a great extent. * File sharing should only be turned on when absolutely necessary. If necessary anonymous access should be prevented by using ACLs and complex passwords. * Unnecessary auxiliary services installed by many operating systems are vulnerable to threads. They must be removed to lessen the chances of attack. * vbs,.exe,.bat,.pif,.scr extensions might be indicators of threat. These must be blocked by email servers when present as an attachment. * For corporate offices, it is necessary for the employees to avoid opening unexpected attachments and running downloaded software before scanning them. * Patch levels need to be updated. * If a computer appears infected it should be separated and re-installed only after further analysis (Borders 102-113). Thus, threats keep on changing their appearance and ways of operation. But by adopting security measures it is possible to lessen the chances of infection and threats to the computers. References Borders, Kevin. Malnets: large-scale malicious networks and compromised wireless access points.” Security and Communication Networks 3.2-3 (2010): 102-113. Ciampa, Mark. Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals . Ed 3. NY: Cengage Learning, 2008. Lemos,Robert. “Code Red worm claims 12,000 servers.” CNET News. CNET News, 2001. Web. Zhang, Yunkai and Jianfeng Ma. “Modeling and analysis of a self-learning worm based on good point set scanning.” Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 9.4 (2009): 573-586.
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Controversial Question about Abortion Argumentative Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Arguments about Abortion 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Abortion is an issue that is of a global concern. In the regard, there are two opposing groups of people: the pro-life and pro-choice groups. The groups have opposing lines of arguments that have created a global debate on abortion. One group supports abortion while the other group opposes it. This paper critically examines the views of both groups. In this case, it can be noted that abortion should only be allowed in cases when the life or health of the mother is in danger. The Arguments about Abortion The abortion debate is mainly based on the moral and legal aspects of the society (Soifer 193). One of the arguments advanced by the pro-life group is that aborting children is considered as a crime of murder. In this case, the group that is against abortion tends to reason from the standpoint of morality (Beckwith 129); it is believed that life begins immediately after conception. This implies that the existence of a human being begins immediately after the fertilization process has taken place. Even though the fetus has to depend on the mother, the pro-life group believes it is still a human being whose life should be protected(Beckwith 137). According to the pro-choice group, almost all abortions take place when pregnancies are in the first trimester (Napier 43). Actually, the pro-choice group advances the idea that the act of abortion cannot amount to a crime of murder since the fetuses are still attached to their mothers through the umbilical cords (Napier 43). Considering the arguments from both sides, some weaknesses can be identified. With respect to the arguments proposed by the pro-life group, it seems that the act of abortion is absolutely unacceptable, irrespective of whether or not the life of the mother is in danger. In the case of the arguments given by the pro-choice, it seems that the baby can be aborted, especially if the mother decides to terminate the pregnancy. To them, this is especially right as long as the fetus is not able to survive or exist independently; this is due to the fact that the baby is still attached to the mother through the umbilical cord. However, this argument can be refuted on the basis that a fetus is always attached to the mother until the time of birth. Hence, justifying abortion on the grounds that a fetus is still attached to the mother suggests that a child can still be aborted few days before the date of birth. The arguments of both pro-choice and pro-life groups tend to be rigid (Napier 43). The fact is that the act of abortion is morally wrong. However, due to certain factors that may put the health of an expectant woman at risk, the termination of a pregnancy may be necessary (Sengupta 571). This is where the law has come in to strike a balance between the need to keep the life of the unborn and the protection of women’s rights and freedom of choice. Conclusion Even though the pro-life and pro-choice groups are somehow right in relation to the subject of abortion, it is important to note that the act of abortion may be necessitated by certain life threatening conditions (Pillitteri 139). Therefore, the right position is that the act of abortion should be discouraged, except in situations when an expectant woman’s life is at risk. Works Cited Beckwith, Francis. Defending Life: A Moral and Legal Case Against Abortion Choice . London, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print. Napier, Stephen. Persons, Moral Worth, and Embryos: A Critical Analysis of Pro-choice Arguments . New York, US: Springer, 2011. Print. Sengupta, Sree. Gynecologyfor Postgraduate and Practitioners . New Delhi, India: Elsevier India, 2007. Print. Soifer, Eldon. Ethical Issues, third edition: Perspectives for Canadians , Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press, 2009. Print.
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IPhone Product Life Cycle Analysis Essay Table of Contents 1. Abstract 2. Development 3. Introduction 4. Growth 5. Growth Continuation 6. Maturity 7. References Abstract The product life cycle (PLC) is one of the most crucial methods describing the processes of development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline of a product. When entrepreneurs are leading their products through these five stages, they often apply the 4P method that stands for product, price, promotion, and place to create an effective business plan (Sradersmar, 2019). Further, each stage of the PLS of the iPhone, applying the 4P method will be described. Development * Product: Interestingly, the development of the iPhone started as a part of a project aimed to create an alternative for a PC mouse. * Place: The US-based project had the codename Project Purple, and in its framework, the Model 035 was developed, which included a touchpad allowing its users to pinch, scroll and zoom without pressing any keys (Jones, 2020). After the iPod appeared, the developers made sure that consumers will never give up their mobile phones for anything (Jones, 2020). * Promotion: Hence, in 2005 Apple released the Rokr E1 in partnership with Motorola (Jones, 2020). * Price: This new mobile phone was quite a chip and compatible with iTunes and allowed to store and play the music but had severe technical limitations. Introduction * Product: The company moved on and finally presented the first iPhone. * Promotion: It happened on 29 June 2007; the device had a thick, unbreakable Gorilla Glass screen and excellent technical specifications (Jones, 2020). * Price: Although the initial price was high – $499 for 4 GB and $599 for 8 GB memory storage, by the end of the year, Apple sold 6 million units (Jones, 2020). * Place: The product was mainly being sold in the US, UK, and Germany, and somewhat later, it reached consumers from the Netherlands, Belgium, and France (Jones, 2020). It had overwhelming success and instantly conquered the market. Growth * Price: Several months after the release, the initial price for the iPhone was lowered dramatically. * Promotion: A discount of $200 was a good move, even though Apple had to give $100 gift vouchers to its fans who bought the phone for $599 (Jones, 2020). * Product: Besides, the introduction of 3G in 2008 was another wise decision (Jones, 2020). * Place: Apple was striving to reach its targets – make the iPhone faster, cheaper, more compatible with third-party apps, and available in more countries. Growth Continuation * Product: Therefore, the company introduced the iOS2, App Store, and new software, allowing third-party apps. * Price: The price was lowered once more when the iPhone 3G was released on 11 July 2008 – to $199 for 8GB and $299 for 16GB storage space (Jones, 2020). * Place: Now, it was sold in 21 countries throughout Western Europe and North America (Jones, 2020). * Promotion: Next month, countries from South America and Central Europe expanded this list. Maturity * Place: In 2010 the device could be purchased worldwide, and the price was set and remained unchanged. * Price: Now it was $199 for less storage memory and $299 for more (Jones, 2020). * Product: Besides, the product was still gaining new features, like 4G, Wi-Fi, Siri, more memory storage, and longer battery life (Jones, 2020). * Promotion: The price went higher only for iPhone 7, iPhone X, and iPhone Pro models in 2016-2019 (Jones, 2020). The product had never reached the decline stage, mainly because the developers tumbled to start raising the price while introducing new features to engage wealthier customers. References Jones, M. (2020). iPhone timeline: The history of every generation in chronological order 2007-2020 . History Cooperative. Web. Sradersmar, A. (2019). What is the product life cycle? Stages and examples . TheStreet. Web.
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Personal Health Records (PHRs) Essay Personal health records are medical databases that allow patients to access their health records and other relevant medical information. They champion patient-centered healthcare, thus, assist patients in health-self management (Hebda & Czar, 2013). PHRs also act as communication platforms between patients and healthcare practitioners, therefore, reducing inter-provider communication to access rationalized medical information. In addition, communication between patients and caregivers is fastened, as medical information can be shared through electronic channels. PHRs can store important data such a person’s healthy lifestyles, family history, social status, and working environment that help caregivers in assessing and creating healthcare plans (Hebda & Czar, 2013). The information also provides avenues for patient education on healthcare maintenance and improvement. PHR’s acts as a foundation for personal health self-management as they permit patients to document, revise, and recover their health care data. As a result, patients are able to monitor their health progress, detect critical situations and take necessary interventions in time. In most cases, patients share their PHRs with medical practitioners. The records can also be accessed through inter-practitioner exchange, where medical practitioners exchange a patients’ health data within the acceptable limit. PHRs can also be accessed from Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) stored in hospital databases. The most controversial obstacle for PHRs is privacy threats of patients’ information brought about by technology (Hebda & Czar, 2013). PHRs are commonly shared over networks that are prone to hacking. This may result to exposure information to authorized individuals. Information about a person’s quantitative information may also reveal sensitive information, thus breaching confidentiality. Medical practitioners also expose PHRs’ to uncontrolled secondary uses in research. Finally, medical personnel may leak out PHRs to gain self-interests. References Blumenthal, D. (2011). The Age of Meaningful Use . Web. Hebda, T., & Czar, P. (2013). Handbook of informatics for nurses healthcare professionals (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
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Negotiations have mostly been aimed at ensuring that existing conflicts are resolved amicably. They occur over a wide area and have no restrictions. In addition, negotiations can occur between organizations, businesses, governments and in other personal situations. There are many actual negotiation situations that have occurred in a global context. Examples include between international corporations and organizations, government to government and international acquisition (Howard, 1982, p.15). In international business there have been negotiations between the US and China (in relation to currency). China has been accused of manipulating the value of the Yuan. It has been agued that they have not moved towards a more flexible currency. On the other hand, the US has been accusing China of being a currency manipulator because it has kept the value of its currency unchanged to the dollar for almost two years (Stohr & Mattingly, 2010, p. 7). There has been pressure for a Yuan revelation so as not to put their exports ahead of others like America. Most of the public pressure has come from the US as they have felt more offended than anyone else. Chinas policies and practices have given most exporters an unfair advantage over their US competitors. As a result the US government through its Treasury secretary has been involved in negotiations to resolve this dispute once and for all. Some have been calling for immediate imposition of import duties to the Chinese. This is ultimately a global issue that pits the world’s largest economies against one another. In coming up with negotiations to resolve this dispute some US lawmakers have argued that Chinese leaders are not committed to this issue (Stohr & Mattingly, 2010, p. 3). Of course it is evident that problems between the US and China can be solved through negotiations. There has been a multilateral effort to ensure that this issue is solved through negotiations. Negotiations have been aimed at looking into the relationship between the two countries (that will define how they relate in business). Before these there has been a distributive bargaining where the US has urged China to try and correct the situation for better trade relations between the two countries. To resolve this issue China has been urged to move towards a more flexible currency. As a matter of fact, the Chinese president was able to visit Washington in a bid to ensure that trade ties are not severed. On the other hand, China has put in place good measures that allow for negotiations in an aim to resolve this issue. An involving negotiation process has been called for among the players to reach an amicable solution as this is a global issue. In a broader perspective, to give the negotiation process a professional approach many economic experts have been called in to ensure that the authenticity of the claim has a basis from which it can be well argued on. The process has involved the people who run treasury from the two countries (Stohr & Mattingly, 2010, p. 9). This is because it is an economic dispute that needs a comprehensive solution. Although negotiations are the only way to resolve the dispute; it has not been successful over the years as the Chinese have not been ready (in many occasions) to sit down and commit themselves. The negotiation process is ongoing and will open a window for more issues to be looked into. Reference List Howard, R. (1982). The Art and Science of Negotiation. Harvard : Belknap Press. Stohr, G. & Mattingly, P. (2010). (2010). Geithner Delays Currency Report, Urges Flexible Yuan. Web.
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Stromal Cells in Formation of Extracellular Matrix Essay In the human organism, each of the cells has a strictly defined set of functions, and, therefore, the existence of such a harmonious system would not be possible with the loss of any of them. Stromal cells are the critical multipotent units of structural systems of most tissues since when differentiation is completed, stromal cells can play the role of connective tissue of any organ. In general, this type of cell is most often found in the bone marrow, which means that stromal cells have an immune-directed orientation. On the other hand, animal cells in tissues are rarely arranged chaotically, on the contrary, they form a structurally cohesive system that ensures interaction: the extracellular matrix. This term should be understood as the basis of connective tissue, which allows the implementation of mechanical support of cells and the transport of chemical substances. Since the extracellular matrix is primarily formed from connective tissue cells, it is pertinent to note that stromal cells are fundamental to the construction of the 3D matrix (Andreeva & Matveeva, 2018). More specifically, the presence of multipotent cells in the rigid matrix allows dynamic remodeling of the 3D structure of the extracellular basal plate. This has been confirmed by artificially culturing the extracellular matrix containing trace amounts of stromal cells as a result (Rakian et al., 2015). Such cells can be located in the matrix either freely or, more often, attached via integrins. The components of the extracellular matrix (produced proteins) are synthesized directly to the stromal cells and then released outside by exocytosis. This makes it possible not only to form a matrix from scratch but also to supplement the existing structure with additional elements. In addition, stromal cells are responsible for the production of solubility factors, which allows the extracellular matrix to maintain a concentration gradient and thus ensure efficient transport of molecules. References Andreeva, E. R., & Matveeva, D. K. (2018). Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and extracellular matrix: regulation under hypoxia. Human Physiology, 44 (6), 696-705. Rakian, R., Block, T. J., Johnson, S. M., Marinkovic, M., Wu, J., Dai, Q.,… & Chen, X. D. (2015). Native extracellular matrix preserves mesenchymal stem cell “stemness” and differentiation potential under serum-free culture conditions. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 6 (1), 1-11.
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On Care Retirement Communities Analytical Essay Retirement communities vary a great deal in the kind of housing and services available, but the essential element of them all is that this is primarily independent living with recreational facilities, health services and social programs made a part of the community (Ferrell & Coyle, 2010 ). So how do you pay for retirement community? This is a question which lingers among the mind so f many people. Essentially, many early retirement communities were constructed by religious groups or fraternal organizations that especially required new residents to turn over their entity operating the retirement community in return for lifetime care and services. There are several types of facilities which take care of the elderly. However, in this paper we are going to be looking at two types of these facilities, that is, the continuing care retirement communities and the skilled nursing facilities. Continuing care retirement communities is a term that also represents a broad spectrum of alternative housing arrangements. They formerly were referred to as Life Care communities(Weisman, 2003). A common thread among Continuing Care Retirement Communities is the providing of housing, meals, nursing home and other health related services. Some of the advantages of the Continuing Care treatment include having an option whereby the life care represents an alternative to institutionalization for older people who can no longer maintain their own homes for both health and financial reasons, but who do not want or need the extensive care provided in a nursing home (Morrison, Bennett, Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (New York, & Health, 1986). Unlike nursing homes and other retirement communities, CCRCs give their aging residents the assurance they can live independently as long as possible and they can receiving nursing care and support services as long as needed. Another advantage is that the CCRCs are that the quality of care may be better than in any other types of long term care facilities. They also tend to use health care resources less than the residents of comparable faculties. These favorable health status factors may be attributed to the availability of prepaid health care and other community services; they may also be influenced by the self – selection process, which reflects the better health and higher income of those who are choosing CCRCs (Morrison, Bennett, Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (New York, & Health, 1986). Skilled nursing services or skilled rehabilitation services are services which are provided on an in-stay program for the elderly in the society. They involve working with qualified and skilled personnel in the medical field. Advantages of Skilled Nursing facilities are based on the fact that the inpatient unit has some advantages and some disadvantages. Advantages include: patients requiring palliative care have familiar place to go during the exacerbations and remissions that come with progressive disease(Ferrell & Coyle, 2010 ). Unit staff and policies are under the control and financing of experts trained as a team who are skillful at difficult care and communications. Patients may get palliative care earlier if other care teams see the advantages of this approach and trust that patients will receive good care. Some of the disadvantages include the fact that it can prevent others from learning valuable palliative care techniques if the center staffs are seen as “specialized” and are secluded in one area. If the center transfers include a transfer of doctors to a center specialist, patients and families feel abandoned by their primary team in the final hours and lastly, hospice providers fear loss of the hospice philosophy when the center exists in the context of the general hospital (Ferrell & Coyle, 2010 ). References Ferrell, B. R., & Coyle, N. (2010 ). Oxford Textbook of Palliative Nursing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Morrison, I. A., Bennett, R., Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (New York, N., & Health, N. Y. (1986). Continuing care retirement communities: political, social, and financial issues. New York: Routledge. Weisman, S. (2003). A guide to elder planning: everything you need to know to protect yourself legally & financially. New Jersey: FT Press.
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Ethics and Self-Experimentation Argument Essay (Critical Writing) Kevin Warwick is a cybernetics researcher as well as professor. He is one of the best specialists in this field. He is a professor of cybernetics at the University of Readings, United Kingdom (England). The famous lecturer has been praised for the role he has played in studies related to robotics and the relationship between computer systems and the nervous system in man. Professor Warwick reportedly instigated the self-experimented pioneer experiments. His experiments entailed linking his nervous system directly to a computer with an aim of assessing the latest technology for probable use with the disabled. His research was described as ground breaking (Warwick, 2002). The researcher, through his ground breaking set of experiments, was the first cyborg (short form for cybernetic organism). A cybernetic organism means having organic and artificial components, or a human who has some physiological processes controlled or aided by electronic or mechanical devices. Cyborg takes place when humans literally meet with machines (Warwick, 2002). The professor carried out various studies on himself. One such study involved fixing 100 arrays of electrodes into the nerve fibers of his left hand. The implant was able to bring about artificial sensation through the stimulation of individual electrodes within the array (Warwick, 2002). Nicholson and Carlisle carried out self-experimentation with electrical apparatus using copper or silver plates, tin or zinc plates, and moisture discs/pieces of card leather. The self-experimentation entailed testing electrical flow by completing the circuit with different parts of the body including fingers, the whole hand, shoulders, a wound, inserting in ears. These self-experimentation tested electric continuity and its flow with various body parts completing the circuit. Through the self-experiment, Nicholson and Carlisle showed that the set apparatus carried the strongest electric effect on broken skin or wounds. By inserting the set apparatus in the ears, it demonstrated a shock in the brain. The researchers show the effects of electricity on human body its conductivity thereof. Apart from the fact that in proving electric conductivity and shock effect thereof in the human body, the self-experiments indicate what merely happens at different levels, and when using different body parts for tests. Ethically and scientifically speaking, the experiments in project Cyborg have a number of similarities with the ‘self-experiments’ by William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle”. First, the objectives of both experiments seem to be to fulfill some form of curiosity rather than to solve a scientific problem. Both experiments do not have a clear problem statement that might have driven the professor, Nicholson and Carlisle to carry out the self-experimentations. The experiments appear as though they are both geared towards seeing what happens when the human nervous system is linked directly to a computer and what happens when different body parts are used to complete an electric circuit respectively. They are both similarly unethical and have equally raised ethical issues regarding the objective of them both. Secondly, both of the self-experimentations are similar, scientifically and ethically speaking, since they both do not respect the set code of ethics for research. With the research code of ethics, it is considered unacceptable to use other humans or self for experimentation purposes. The two experiments by Warwick and Nicholson and Carlisle use humans and self to perform the tests. Their willingness to undertake the self-experiments could be due to their keenness to take any route so as to make certain observations for instance Warwick’s observation about artificial sensation on his hand and Nicholson’s and Carlisle’s observations of electric shock on various human body parts, even if it requires them to perform the experiments on themselves (Nicholson, 1800). Finally, the two self-experimentations discussed are similar, ethically speaking. Both experiments expose the human being experimented on, to enormous dangers yet carry little or no benefits to humans. In view of the self-experimentations above, self-experimentation should be discouraged since they are not adequate scientifically for lack of proper control and subjects who are sufficient to produce results that are meaningful. Although self experiments on humans are seen as really necessary and of great benefit to the human race, the process has been highly criticized (Nicholson, 1800). Some cases of self-experimentation are usually inclined towards getting the best possible solution to a medical problem or any other form of stated problem. Other cases are done for ethical reasons and at other times, out of probable pure foolhardiness. Some experiments done on oneself may not occur with an aim of coming up with any answers or solutions, but for exploration. The major part of Professor Warwick’s cases appear to be a demonstration to the non-medical academics and the public that the kind of technology he is dealing with is not some scientific dream or fiction, but rather an issue that truly exists. Nicholson’s and Carlisle’s self-experiments also appear to bend towards more exploration rather than focus on giving solutions to the various identified problems. The two self-experimentations do not bear any significant differences in terms of ethics. References Nicholson, W. (1800). Account of the new electrical or galvanic apparatus of Sig. Alex. Volta, and experiments performed with the same. Nicholson’s Journal of Natural Philosophy , 4: 179–187. Warwick, K. (2002). I,cyborg . London: Century Press.
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Information Age, Future, and Big Data Essay Heart failure (HF) is one of the most prevalent health conditions worldwide. The cost of treating the infection is estimated to rise even more little measures are taken to address it. According to Blecker et al. (2016), the prevalence of heart failure has been on the rise despite the few reported cases of admissions and readmissions in hospitals. One major challenge in the control of heart failure is late detection. Pujades-Rodriguez et al. (2018) report that diagnosing this illness at an early stage can save many lives because medical practitioners will be able to implement evidence-based lifestyle and pharmacological treatment interventions which can delay and possibly prevent its progression. This research identifies practical measures that can be implemented to ensure that chronic conditions (such as heart complications) are detected quickly and early in primary health care. The study conducted by Blecker et al. (2016) utilized electronic health records (EHRs) which were applied in Geisinger Health Systems between 2003 and 2010. The Geisinger Health Systems are integrated healthcare that provides health services in 31 counties of central and northeastern Pennsylvania and involves 41 Community Practice Clinics (Blecker et al., 2016). Concerning the knowledge and driven insights, the study using the EHRs detected a total of 4,644 heart failure cases during clinical diagnosis. The process of identifying patients varied considerably, but results were explained based on several factors, including outpatient diagnosis, Framingham-related symptoms, medication orders, and reconciliation, the outcome of laboratory tests, and patient and reconciliation lists. The research examined a range of other complications which might lead to heart failure. These diseases included hypertension, diabetes, and coronary-related problems known as the knowledge-driven features. From the results obtained, it was confirmed that the most significant known risk factor for heart failure was hypertension-related (Pujades-Rodriguez et al., 2018). From all the selected models used, hypertension was seen as the most dangerous feature aerating in the cases. Cardiac complications, such as diabetes, did not record many instances. The study puts much trust in the knowledge-driven features and includes all of them in the model. However, this research can have profound implications. The results of the investigation revealed that certain knowledge-driven features could not be predicted because of several reasons. The overall quality of the data captured by electronic health records is one of the main concerns associated with using these systems. Based on the findings of their study, Blecker et al. (2016) observe that it is essential to quantify the predictive power and eliminate the features that are not predictive to improve their usage. Another shortcoming of the model is the problem of formulation which focuses on the orthogonal components. This practice results in redundancy among the elements themselves and reduces the function ability of the most significant feature. Therefore, despite their many benefits, electronic health records have several limitations which compromise their efficacy in the primary case. The usage of combining knowledge and data-driven insights in identifying risk factors using electronic health records is one of the most efficient models for dealing with health pandemics such as heart failure. The model has several challenges but works better, especially when handling lifestyle diseases that are the risk factors for a given infection. Heart failure, being a dreadful disease, should be detected early, and effective corrective measures should be applied to curb its dire effects. The diagnosis of heart-related complications such as diabetes and hypertension can help quickly identify heart failure at its initial stage and put proper clinical measures to restrain its effects. The model of studying risk factors can also assist in identifying and treating other lifestyle diseases such as obesity and cancer. References Blecker, S., Katz, S. D., Horwitz, L. I., Kuperman, G., Park, H., Gold, A., & Sontag, D. (2016). Comparison of approaches for heart failure case identification from electronic health record data . JAMA Cardiology , 1 (9), 1014−1020. Pujades-Rodriguez, M., Guttmann, O. P., Gonzalez-Izquierdo, A., Duyx, B., O’Mahony, C., Elliott, P., & Hemingway, H. (2018). Identifying unmet clinical need in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using national electronic health records . PloS One , 13 (1), 191−214.
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Life and Legacy of Dorothea Dix Essay Throughout human history, there have been people who have selflessly helped others. Dorothea Dix was one of such people. She was born on April 4, 1802, in Hampden, Maine, Massachusetts. When she was fourteen, she started teaching poor children in her family’s house. Her childhood was very rough and almost non-existent and it showed in her teaching style and in her later life. By 1831, she opened The Dix Mansion Day and Boarding School. Slavery was very prominent in those times and even though it became illegal in 1833, thousands of African-Americans were slaves in the United States. At that time Dorothea established a reputation as an excellent teacher and an author (Colman, 2007). On March 28, 1841, she arrived at East Cambridge jail for teaching Sunday school to prisoners and saw the reality. Mentally ill women were in the worst conditions and Dorothea pressed the jailer, using her connections, to install stoves to keep them warm. This is where her mission began. She went to many jails and mental institutions and fought for the rights of the mentally ill, who at the time were outcasts and treated as criminals. Dix documented all she saw and fought for the rights of the mistreated. In 1846, she studied the treatment of mental illness in Illinois. In 1849, an institution for the care of the mentally ill was authorized in Raleigh and a hospital in honor of Dorothea was opened in 1856. During the Civil War, Dorothea Dix was a nurse with strict rules on who could become a nurse. She wanted only knowledgeable and older nurses to keep order in the hospitals. This caused her some problems, as many doctors and other nurses did not approve of her wishes. After the war, she continued to help the mentally ill, the poor and the prisoners. She was one of the pioneers in the social acknowledgment of mental health. People thought that the disease was a punishment for sins or a curse and would often hide and deny any relation to relatives and friends who were mentally ill. There was no real treatment and people with mental disabilities would often be kept in cages, beaten and not cared for. She was a fierce advocate of human rights and it did not matter to her what cultural, social or racial background these people were. In her work, she was often belittled by the wealthy because she was from a wealthy family herself. Her grandfather was into medicine and slavery and so it was strange that she was doing such good deeds (Wittleman, 2003). Her persistence and determination paid off and got her through the hard times. She did not focus her efforts on her own happiness, instead, she found an outlet in helping others. If there was a chance to ask her a question about her life, it would be interesting to know where she got the strength to deal with such pain, hardships and limitations. It is known that several times in her life she got very ill and had to travel to England to receive treatment. And no matter what, she would return and continue her mission. She was able to forget her own life and devote all her efforts to other people. She had no childhood and often denied the existence of her parents, which shows how much of a painful time it was. Maybe this is why she felt the pain of others and wanted to help them avoid such a similar fate. Or maybe it was anger towards those who abused their positions of power. But most likely she had a kind heart and felt it her responsibility to do that, which was not done for her. References Colman, P. (2007). Breaking the chains: The crusade of Dorothea Lynde Dix. Lincoln, United States: iUniverse. Wittleman, B. (2003). Dorothea Dix: Social reformer . Mankato, United States: Capstone.
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Because of the increasingly fast pace of industrialization coupled with little to no concern for its effects on the environment, the pollution levels, and the related issues have become notorious in the state (Kao et al., 2017). Therefore, introducing students to the essential information about the strategies for preventing further aggravation of the environmental scenario in Taiwan, as well as protecting themselves from the threats of pollution, must be recognized as crucial tasks. Activity: Description, Progress, and Essential Lessons Learned To encourage independence and curiosity in learners, a team project was used as the key activity that was supposed to spur their enthusiasm to investigate the problem. The participants were encouraged to utilize all available resources, including books, scholarly articles, and trustworthy Internet sites. Apart from teaching the target population about environmental concerns, the specified activity promoted active collaboration and, thus, taught the students the importance of working in teams. Therefore, the development of qualities such as the ability to cooperate, manage information, and address possible conflicts was spurred in the students. At the end of the project, the teams had to deliver a presentation with a poster that detailed a particular phenomenon, process, or solution to an environmental issue. Links to the Environmental Health and the Course The activity described above was linked directly to the course and the essential information about environmental health, in general, as well as some of the problems associated with it, such as high pollution levels caused by the increasingly fast pace of industrialization. They were shedding light on the factors that have contributed to the pollution of the Taiwanese environment allowed showcasing the importance of understanding the causes of an environmental problem for its further elimination. Moreover, the case under analysis allowed detailing the steps necessary for the following risk assessment and the production of solutions for managing the situation. Finally, the learners saw how the elements of the environment interact and what effects these interactions can produce. Therefore, a direct link to the course was established during the teaching process. Setting Further Goals and Expectations: Developing Independence While the community service that I carried out while working as a teacher in a Taiwanese middle school has led to the expected results, it was also necessary to make sure that the acquired experience should inform the further strategies for addressing the issue of environmental awareness in Taiwan. For instance, it will be essential to promote new tools for risk communication. The introduction of the innovative IT devices will be a welcome step in improving the current management of environmental issues; thus, the active collaboration between the participants and the following enhancement of the processes linked to building awareness will become a possibility. Conclusion: Introducing Improvement into the Classroom Environment The process of encouraging learners to engage in the issues associated with the environmental problems faced by Taiwan turned out to be quite successful due to the emphasis on collaboration within teams and the promotion of communication between its members. In addition, motivating the learners to introduce improvements into the realm of the Taiwanese environment was carried out successfully. The outcomes of the project, therefore, indicate that the issues related to the environmental problems in Taiwan can be handled once useful tools for raising awareness and engaging the target population to contribute to the development of viable solutions are incorporated into the management framework. Reference Kao, T. S., Kao, H. F., & Tsai, Y. J. (2017). The context, status and challenges of environmental education in formal education in Taiwan. Japanese Journal of Environmental Education, 26 (4), 15-20.
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Quote Explanation from “The Epic of Gilgamesh” Essay Quote “Then if I fall, I leave behind me a name that endures; men will say of me, “Gilgamesh has fallen in fight with ferocious Humbaba.” Context & Explanation This quote comes from the section of the text titled “The Forest Journey.” Having befriended Enkidu, Gilgamesh is left wondering about where he should direct his unrivaled energy next. Enkidu is also longing for action, saying that the idleness of the city life oppresses him, and his mighty body loses its strength due to the want of a real challenge. Because of that, Gilgamesh decides to build a marvelous monument to the gods. This is the task worthy of a hero because, in order to acquire the previous cedar logs for the monument, the characters would have to travel to the faraway forest guarded by the dreaded giant Humbaba. Enkidu is not ecstatic about the prospect of meeting such a creature and relays to Gilgamesh what he had heard about Humbaba from his animal friends before becoming civilized. According to him, the giant is not only mighty but also has supernaturally keen senses, and no sane person would willingly risk an encounter with such a terrible foe. This is the point when Gilgamesh says the line quoted at the beginning of the paper. The particular passage provided above means that Gilgamesh is willing to take risks and face dangers, even as dreadful as the ferocious giant from a faraway land, if it means living a lasting legacy. While he is not oblivious to the possibility of being killed in his intended fight against Humbaba, it does not undermine his decision to embark on the journey in the slightest. Death is certainly undesirable but ultimately inescapable because only gods can live forever. As far as Gilgamesh is concerned, the real question is not whether but how one dies, and dying without being remembered is the fate he would do anything to avoid. Whatever happens, the proud warrior-king of Uruk wants his name to live forever in the annals of history, and his travel to the cedar forest is not a goal in itself but a means to this end. This is what Gilgamesh means by explaining his choice to frightened Enkidu: trading one’s life for eternal glory and remembrance is a deal he would take any day over the prospect of living a long yet unremarkable life. This quote summarizes the primary claim of “The Forest Journey” section because it essentially explains and encapsulates Gilgamesh’s motivation at this stage of the epic. The moving force of the plot that leads to the conflict with Humbaba is Gilgamesh’s determination to earn fame and glory. At this point in the epic, he is not yet at odds with the idea of death itself and accepts his mortality but is already determined to live a noteworthy and heroic life whatever the cost. This is the message that he delivers to Enkidu to raise his friend’s spirit and invoke the same feeling of heroic derring-do within him. There is no use running from death because it comes for every living creature with only gods being exempt, but a heroic deed or an equally heroic death may ensure that one’s memory, if not body, lives on. Hence, this single sentence summarizes Gilgamesh’s motivation and perspective on life at this particular stage of the plot while relating to the larger theme of mortality that runs through the entire epic.
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Syntagmatics and Paradigmatics Essay Sytangmatics could be defined as the element within a musical presentation, dealing with construction of sentences and phrases in original languages. The analysis of syntagmatics seeks to establish the usage of language within an audio presentation. A paradigmatic analysis, on the other hand, seeks to analyze the paradigms embedded onto a presentation. The paradigms within a film present the core from where syntagms become created. Numerous discrepancies exist between the production of the film and the original stage performance of Rent. The presentations contain syntagmatic and paradigmatic discrepancies within the elements contained in the presentation. Though the fill could be identified as an adoption of the musical, there exist several syntagmatic and paradigmatic differences between the two presentations. The setting for the original presentation occurs in the nineteenth century, essentially displaying the existing elements of the time. While the original presentation indicated Mimi (a character in both presentations) as suffering from tuberculosis, the adoption presented the sickness as HIV/AIDS. The setting for these presentations could be accredited with the different presentation of the sickness. While tuberculosis might have been common in the nineteenth century, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the twentieth century presented a surmountable challenge. While presenting a similar paradigm in sickness, a syntagmatic difference occurs through presentation of different sickness from the original presentation. The timing of the presentation necessitated the change as majority of the characters, presented in the adoption, suffer from HIV/AIDS infection. Several songs within the theatre presentation do not appear in the film. The length of the original theatre script became an element that required numerous changes in production of the film. Several versions of the script continued to be presented through the years before completing the motion picture. Numerous productions continued to be created through the years in seeking to compose a final script containing the desired elements of the developed film. In making the motion picture, numerous changes became imminent to the structure of the theatre presentation. The success achieved from the theatre release appeared to entice the producers to work on the desired elements of the presentation. The background music used in the theatre presentation became transformed to spoken words in the film. The theme song for the motion picture became “ Seasons of Love”, composed by Stevie Wonder. The motion picture contains fewer songs than the original Rent presentation. Majority of the original soundtracks used in the theatre presentation became eliminated from the final motion picture presentation. The words presented in the songs used became spoken by the characters in the film. The theatrical presentation was performed in numerous languages within different countries. The film, however, only appeared in English language presenting a major language discrepancy between the presentations. The conversion of the script into a film included omission of several parts of the acts contained. While the theatre presentation contained countable number of characters, the film included numerous minor actors who were not present in the theatrical presentation. The characters of the film represented the diverse cultures present in the New York population. While the original presentation continues to be adopted in different versions, the film has maintained its features, including the language. The message contained in these presentations continues in similar modality within both of these presentations. The prevalent discrepancies, however, continues to distinguish these presentations from each other.
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Use of Mobile Phones in Agricultural Extension Proposal Essay Introduction Agriculture has a significant impact on the growth and development of economies around the world. Agriculture is important for developing countries; for this reason, farmers need new technologies to support and promote its development. This shows that research studies should be undertaken to develop approaches that can promote the sustenance of agriculture and food security. Lack of food is an indicator of the failure of policies and subjects citizens to the threat of starvation. Nations which cannot feed their people affect the future of the population; it is a very serious matter, especially when it comes to child mortalities. Therefore, with the recent launch of telecommunications around the globe, mobile phones have become transformation tools for development. The paper seeks to outline the influence of mobile phones on developing agriculture and how they help create food security around the world. Agricultural growth This research will enable farmers to improve their farming techniques, which will, in turn, promote economic growth. Farmers have been dependent on the shifting seasons to grow their crops. This has caused a loss because such seasonal changes have become unpredictable making farmers constantly be afraid of droughts or floods. Some are not aware of when to plant their seedlings since they cannot determine when the rainy season may end. Farmers, through their mobile phones, may send text messages inquiring about weather conditions of their regions so as to plant their seedlings (“Beyond Voice” par 4). In addition, mobile phones can enable farmers to access farming tips that can advance their farming practices. Through message queries, farmers get access to agricultural information, which is relevant in protecting their animals and crops from pesticides and other diseases. Mobile phones facilitate the transmission of information from one person to another. The outbreak of numerous animal diseases has caused a negative impact on farming because many animals died. Some farmers lack sufficient knowledge regarding certain diseases, and when such outbreaks occur, they incur problems that affect production. Therefore, through mobile services, the information will be passed to farmers in case of an outbreak (“Eureka Moments” par 6). Through communication, the farmer is able to connect with the marketing agencies that buy the goods. Agriculture involves creating a link between a seller and a buyer for an effective business. Therefore, through mobile phone services, the buyer is able to reach farmers and their products. Therefore, mobile phones can play a significant role in improving agriculture and should be endorsed to develop the economy. However, there are risks that should not be omitted in this process. The world has witnessed a drop in phone prices whereby it is easy for one to acquire a mobile phone. This reduction in prices enables farmers to use their product returns to buy phones for easy communication with customers and agricultural officers. Services provided to farmers concerning weather forecasts, market prices, among others, may be charged at high prices, which may lead to exploitation. High charges imposed on farmers will directly result in the costs of goods, making the products expensive. This indicates that the use of mobile phones in agriculture may lead to an increase in prices so as to enable farmers to maximize their returns. Future studies should be focused on proper mechanisms that will monitor service charges to avoid the rise in cost. Agriculture involves creating a link between a seller and a buyer for an effective business. Therefore, mobile phones will encourage food production that will create food security. Works Cited “ Beyond Voice “. The Economist . 2009. “ Eureka Moments “. The Economist . 2009.
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The Movie A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum Essay (Movie Review) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Tropes of New Comedy in the Film 3. Contemporary America of the 1960s 4. Conclusion Introduction New Comedy, a genre created in ancient Greece, is recognized as one of the most popular comedic forms to this day. In contrast to dark and sarcastic Old Comedy, New Comedy separates itself from the current events, focusing on making the public laugh, not think. A light comedy that is not weighed down by political themes is always taken well by the audience. The movie A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum , directed by Richard Lester in 1966, is a classic example of New Comedy. The film tells a story of a cunning slave, Pseudolus, who tries to win his freedom by uniting his young master with a girl of his dreams. By integrating the tropes of New Comedy with the atmosphere of ancient Rome and American contemporary culture, the film A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum appealed to the American audience of the 1960s. Tropes of New Comedy in the Film New Comedy can be characterized by the use of stereotypic characters and slapstick comedy. The situations that occur between these distinct characters are the primary source of humor. The film A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum has a multitude of characters that fit this description. First of all, Pseudolus is the protagonist of the story. He constantly lies and cheats in hopes to win his freedom. Pseudolus represents the trope of a clever slave, who has to untangle a complicated situation, which was created by him in the first place. The other trope is the boy in love, who is presented in the movie by Hero, Pseudolus’ master. These two characters contrast each other well as the boy is quite naïve, while the slave is shrewd. Hero’s parents also make up a pair of very recognizable character types – a controlling wife and a milquetoast husband. These two types are often used in situational comedy, a genre that that was very popular in the 1960s. The other heroes of the story: Captain Miles Gloriosus, Hysterium, and Marcus Lycus have very distinct personality traits as well. The plot of the story is also complicated by such comedic devices as confusion, erroneous information, and time constraint. These tropes are followed in the movie in full. First of all, the basis of many humorous situations of New Comedy is presented by some characters confusing other characters with each other. For example, Philia, Hero’s love interest, thinks that Hero’s father is Captain Miles Glouriosus, to whom she is promised. The audience knows the characters well enough to understand this confusion. This device can be presented as unintentional or deliberate. For instance, Pseudolus pretending to be Marcus Lycus is a purposeful confusion that furthers the plot. Secondly, the heroes in New Comedy often lie or conceal some information to rectify the situation. However, this only leads to the problem becoming more complicated than before. Time limit is another device utilized by New Comedy. In the film, for example, Pseudolus has only one day to fulfill his promise to Hero, which motivates him to make bold and sometimes irrational decisions. Contemporary America of the 1960s Many of the plot points rely on the time period of the film. The concepts of slaves, courtesans, and women sellers can be accepted as sources of humor for ancient Rome. The scenery and characters’ social positions allow the audience to identify the culture, while the dialogue in the film is not burdened by historical facts or complex language. The personalities of the heroes and their motives are universally recognizable. Therefore, the audience is able to view this comedy and understand the plot without any complications. The television channels of the 1960s broadcasted many films and series revolving around situational comedy. The counterculture movement allowed the directors to make movies with more controversial and sexual jokes. Some scenes of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum represent that shift in culture. Conclusion The film A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum can serve as an example of traditional New Comedy interpreted through contemporary culture. The movie’s characters have vibrant personalities that can be attributed to particular types, while the plot of the film is simple and universally recognizable. The abundance of physical comedy and slapstick also shows the New Comedy roots of the movie. The contemporary American audience was exposed to a variety of situational comedy shows that utilized similar types of characters and plot lines. Therefore, it was easy for them to understand and identify with the movie regardless of its time period and setting.
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Technology Improving Educational Benefits in Learners Research Paper A qualitative problem statement What factors are hindering students from achieving outcomes in learning institutions? In the modern days, educators face challenges of effectively engaging students, making them achieve better, fostering accountability, and preventing school drop-outs in addition to other issues faced in the industry. At the center of the issues facing educators is a paradigm shift among people with the focus being growing toward embracing creativity. There is a change from being analytical in reasoning and embracing conceptual perception in managing education issues. With technological advancements and the development of the internet, the information age allows students exclusive access to information that was not previously possible. Adoption of technology and effective use in the learning process represents a major way of involving students and widening their thinking. However, implementing the use of technology for learning is a major problem to stakeholders, as there is no understanding of the best approach to use, the best way to maximize the process, the infrastructure needed, and funding of the adoption. With the problems in mind, there is the need for stakeholders to collaborate in designing effective strategies for the adoption of technology to the learning process, which would in term benefits everyone in the system to achieve the full potential of information technology in the education sector (At&At, 2011). The manual system of learning in schools in the conventional setup does not enable the use of information by several people at the same time as opposed to digital systems. The traditional system is time-consuming and relatively inefficient, which highlights the need to capitalize on the digital system to achieve various learning objectives for students and teachers. However, stakeholders face problems in developing the right infrastructure and system to implement digital learning because other than being expensive, the initial phase is time-consuming. Even though digitization is a feasible way to enhance the learning process, the psychological mentality may be a major hindrance to successful implementation and uptake by stakeholders. There is a need for effective planning and evaluation mechanisms because the process of digitization is resource-intense and it requires significant levels of technical know-how. Overall success in the digitization process requires the full involvement of stakeholders to ensure the success of the digitization of the system (ISTE, 2012). A quantitative problem statement How can the use of technology be applied to improve the level of educational benefits in learners? In the age of information, communication, science, and technology, stakeholders in the education sector face significant challenges in integrating science and technology at all levels of the learning institutions. Although information science and technology has been in the world for some time, resistance to its adoption has meant slow integration into the learning process, especially in lower levels of learning to address the problems of teacher shortage and effective engagement of students. With this in mind, there is the need for stakeholders to work in cooperation in designing effective programs and policies acceptable by everyone to ensure seamless adoption of science and technology in the education system especially in areas of learning, research, and development. Science and technology stand to significantly improve the learning process and achieve more learner-involvement in addition to broadening the range of information accessed by students for education reasons (Finholt, 2002). In the current education system, shortage of teachers, the applicability of courses to contemporary and professional needs as well as the low number of learners in advanced courses are major concerns for stakeholders. There have been efforts to address the challenges of trough online courses and video learning through various approaches. Indeed, there are concerns over the effectiveness and quality of the teaching and learning processes with the pros and cons of the system coming from different quarters. The challenges highlight the importance of using distant learning, which requires adequate research to identify the best practices and ways to take advantage of e-moderating. Accessibility to learning materials and literature on e-moderating is vital for teachers to deliver distance learning to students in an interactive way. Furthermore, the focus of e-moderating should not be only on higher learning institution, but also the entire education system. Policy guidelines and quality instructions are necessary to guide stakeholders in managing the change to e-moderating (Salmon, 2000). Considering the changes faced by the education sector in adopting technology and digitization in the learning process, there is a need for the implementation of various approaches to solving the apparent problems and design strategies for effective integration of technology. This is possible by enhancing interaction between learners and teachers through a system that is participatory oriented. In the age of technological advancements, making the system compatible with modern devices and systems would help in ensuring buy-in from stakeholders, especially students. With different hosting solutions, the available focus should be on cost minimization and taking advantage of currently available systems and technologies to achieve more for the education system. Curriculum expansion is vital because it would help in integrating the traditional and modern approaches and achieving complementation. The objective is to obtain innovative technologies aimed at making students learn better and improve the delivery of teachers. Theoretical perspectives are vital in understanding the education requirements of technology and digitization to develop instructional mechanisms that support approaches to student learning. References At&At, (2011). Smart Use of Technology Transforms K-12 Education . Web. Finholt, A.T. (2002). Annual Review of Information Science and Technology . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons. ISTE (2012). “ ISTE Standards ”, Web. Salmon, G., (2000). E-Moderating – The Key to Teaching and Learning Online . London, United Kingdom: Kogan Page.
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Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison Case Study Introduction The freedom of worship and conscience is one of the basic human rights and freedoms as contained in the Universal Human Rights Declaration. In the case under discussion, the respondent was a former employee of Trans World Airlines (TWA). Hardison was sacked on the grounds of insubordination on refusing to render his services on Saturdays due to his religious beliefs. He sued TWA with a solid claim that his religious beliefs were not accommodated reasonably. The court upheld that reasonable efforts were made to provide accommodation and suggested possible alternative courses of action. Do you feel the alternatives suggested by the court of appeals were viable for TWA? Why or why not? In the Foregoing case, the options fronted by the Appeals Court were unviable and could have inflicted undue hardship on Trans World Airlines. The company made reasonable considerations to accommodate Hardison’s religious orientation. The first alternative suggested that TWA allowed Hardison to work for four days a week by deploying another employee from any other department in the company or utilizing a supervisor. The deployment of another member of the workforce from any department would have amounted to undue hardship on TWA since the firm would have to halt the operations of one of its shops. Besides, the deployment of a supervisor would not be a tenable option since such a person would be denied his or her privileges as secured in the collective bargaining agreement according to the workers union (Dankey & Hartman, 2009, p. 510). According to the Court of Appeal, TWA could have employed the services of another employee who was available to work during Saturday’s shift. However, the firm would have faced premium overtime costs. With such additional costs, the company would have invoked the undue hardship clause on the discrimination guidelines. This is attributable to the fact that religion was not accommodative. The last alternative is also unviable since TWA and the workers’ union had entered into a seniority system; the agreement bound the company from facilitating a swap. Consequently, TWA cannot be faulted for failing to facilitate a shift for Hardison. Such a move would have been tantamount to the violation of the seniority system (Dankey & Hartman, 2009). Does it seem inconsistent to prohibit religious discrimination yet say that a collective bargaining agreement cannot be violated to accommodate religious differences? The prohibition of religious discrimination in a scenario where collective bargaining agreements are immune to the violation of the accommodation of religious beliefs is quite consistent with the laid down the legal framework. Title VII exempts a discriminatory purpose from accommodation requirements (US Supreme Court Center, 1977). Notwithstanding the legal loophole, the operation of a discriminatory collective bargaining agreement about accommodation on the grounds of religion is inconsistent with the law of equity. It sounds absurd that civil law requires employees to be provided with reasonable accommodation regarding their religious beliefs. On the same note, collective bargaining agreements can rob off employees of that right. Collective bargaining agreements should be made in the light of the laid down legal framework as well as the law of equity. Based on the chapter reading, how would you have handled this conflict if you had been Hardison’s manager? Managers are bestowed with the responsibility to guarantee the laid down policy and legal frameworks. Furthermore, they are expected to organize, control, and safeguard their companies’ resources, physical, financial, and human resources. Putting into perspective the onus on the shoulders of managers, the conflict confronting TWA’s management can only be best handled through a litigation process. Managers would not prefer to antagonize labor unions and other members of the workforce in a bid to provide religious accommodation in an unprocedural style. The court decision emphasizes the need for employers to commit themselves to explore the available options before refusing or granting accommodation. Also, the mere existence of undue hardship arising from the provision of accommodation is not sufficient for an employer to refuse an employee accommodation on religious ground. The firm must put into perspective the extent or quantity of the undue hardship before denying accommodation. References Dankey, B. D., & Hartman, L. P. (2009). Employment Law for Business (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. US Supreme Court Center. (1977). Trans World Airlines, Inc. v. Hardison – 432 U.S. 63 (1977) . Web.
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Child Labor Controversy and Regulations Essay The situation in which child labor may be considered a relatively beneficial alternative raises a difficult ethical dilemma. Theoretically, it is easy to imagine the situation where allowing a young orphan to work in a factory presents her with better opportunities for well-being than insisting on the prohibition (Powell, 2014). However, the options of the executive in the described situation are fairly limited. The main issue is the existence of an unambiguous prohibition of child labor within the company. Therefore, it would be impossible for an executive to neglect the situation without the risk of putting the corporate image of the organization at risk. Besides, regardless of the truthfulness of the plant manager’s claims, the possibility remains that the girl’s working conditions are inadequate to the degree that negates the hypothetical benefits of her employment. However, the regulations adopted by the International Labor Organization (ILO) contain several exceptions that allow children younger than 16 to be legally employed in developing countries. First, the basic minimum age, defined by the age required for compulsory schooling, can be as low as 14 in several instances (ILO, n.d.). More importantly, if the work done by children can be considered of no threat to their health, safety, and educational or training opportunities, the minimal age goes two years down, bringing the possible minimum age down to 12 years. If I as an executive have an opportunity to definitively verify whether the girl performs light work and is not put at any meaningful risk, I would then be able to approve the employment of the girl as subject to the ILO exception. Such approval could not be considered illegal, would be consistent with the social and ethical norms, and ensure the best possible outcome for the girl. References ILO. (n.d.). ILO conventions and recommendations on child labour. Web. Powell, B. (2014). A case against child labor prohibitions. Web.
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The Global Bicycle Industry Essay The main issues of this case note are why foldable bicycles are in demand, to what needs of the consumers they cater to, and, finally, what viable products there are currently on the market. The main choices of foldable bicycles offered in the case study are Ming Cycles Strida and Pashley Moulton TSR. A cursory online search has identified several alternatives: Tern Vektron D8, B’Twin Tilt 120, and Hummingbird, according to Arthurs-Brennan (2019) and Stout (2019). The five bicycles would be an adequate representation of their main USPs, pros, and cons. The primary purpose of a folding bicycle is to be a compact and convenient mode of transportation in a large city, primarily to work or place of education. The foldable bikes are intended to be used in conjunction with public transit and take relatively little space when folded (“Folding Bicycles Market By Material,” 2018). They are also convenient for smaller urban apartments, elevators, and office spaces (“Folding Bicycle Market Size, Share & Trends,” 2019). The primary target demographic of foldable bicycles are students, university-educated employees, or young entrepreneurs in developed countries (Jonkeren, Kager, Harms, te Brömmelstroet, 2019). Less affluent countries, however, are not showing as much interest in specialized bicycles, as citizens there are expected to switch to cars rather than better bikes (Pitt, Koufopoulos, 2012). With this in mind, the essential characteristics of foldable bicycles would be size, weight, ride quality, convenience features, and price. Strida is a line of foldable bicycles produces by Taiwanese Ming Cycles. It weighs 10 kilograms and folds into a convenient rollable walking stick. Instead of a conventional chain, it has a belt that operates without grease, ensuring the cleanliness of the user’s clothes. It costs approximately $585, and the only obvious downside is that the ride quality is poor, according to Amazon reviews. It is a solid choice that prioritizes convenience. The cheapest Pashley Moulton TSR costs more than $2000. This model is marketed as a hand-crafted, highly customizable, and well-engineered luxury machine. While it is possible to fold it, the mechanism separates the bicycle in two parts. It is more suited for a car, rather than public transportation, and is thus a less viable choice for the stated purposes. Tern Vektron D8 is an expensive machine at $2200, and it weighs more than 20 kilograms. However, it has a high-tech electric motor that offers excellent ride quality and speed, as well as high-quality brakes, gears, and lights. The most significant upside of this bicycle is that it can help navigate uneven terrain with less effort. It is a high-tech bicycle that has a bigger range than others and can act as a standalone mode of transportation. B’Twin Tilt 120 is a budget folder at only $250 in the global retailer Decathlon. It has decent ride quality and enough sturdiness to navigate off-road terrain. Its biggest downside is its 15-kilogram weight. It is a great entry-level foldable bicycle that is affordable for students, and it can be purchased in many countries, as Decathlon is an international chain, and the B’Twin is its in-house product. Hummingbird is a costly purchase starting at a staggering $4500. It is the lightest foldable bicycle at only 6.5 kilograms. It is made from carbon fiber and can be equipped with a belt drive. It looks futuristic, and the build quality is high, but the ride quality suffers from uncomfortable lightweight seats. It is a high-end experimental machine for enthusiasts, designed by a single person. For a student, there is no better alternative than B’Twin Tilt 120. Its downsides are an acceptable tradeoff for an affordable price. The main expected upside of such a bicycle would be increased efficiency of commute, and it is the primary decision-making factor (“Folding Bicycles Market By Material,” 2018). The best course of action for selecting a folder would be to get the entry-level budget model, and see how a compact bicycle integrates with one’s commute, and then choose a better bike according to the first-hand experience. References Arthurs-Brennan, M. (2019). 10 Best folding bikes for 2019. Web. Jonkeren, O., Kager, R., Harms, L., te Brömmelstroet, M. (2019). The bicycle-train travellers in the Netherlands: personal profiles and travel choices. Transportation, 46 (212), 1–22. Folding bicycle market size, share & trends analysis report by product (conventional, electric), by size (20”, 24”, 26”), by distribution channel (online, offline), by region, and segment forecasts, 2019 – 2025 . (2019). Web. Folding bicycles market by material (aluminum, steel, carbon fiber and titanium), by number of gears (single speed and multi-speed) – growth, future prospects, and competitive landscape, 2018 – 2026 . (2018). Web. Pitt, M. R., Koufopoulos, D. (2012). Essentials of strategic management. London, England: SAGE Publications Ltd. Stout, J. (2019). The best folding bikes you can buy. Web.
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The Effect of Group Effectiveness in the Academic Circles Essay The study of an effective group is of paramount importance especially in the academic circles. Here a well thought out group implies a great deal of academic excellence among learners and also a good spirit of team work. This is because working in groups makes learners tolerable to other people with diverse ideals and believes. In this case we are going to look at an academic group at college level of study which is supposed to work out assignments issued in classroom. We will also look at some tips which make this group to produce successful results. Finally, we will also look at how various dimensions of group participation are expressed in our group of interest and also how they lead to the group’s effectiveness. There are various factors which can be described to be very critical for the group to attain the intended standards of effectiveness. The most interesting point to note is that all this factors surround the leadership of the group. One of the key factors is the information sharing especially from the group leader to his group members. This can be realized through practicing open and transparent ways of passing messages which are wholly accessible to each and every member of the group with equal regards. In this case members will be in a position to come up with highly valued decisions since all members are quite knowledgeable about all crucial affairs of their group (Weber, 1983, p. 1). Also, with free flow of information there will be little objection towards arriving at final and most critical group decisions. Secondly, the other inevitable factor for the attainment of an effective group is the group confidence among the members themselves and also towards their leader. The group confidence implies the faith that they have upon themselves as it regards to the performance of their tasks and responsibilities and most particularly towards their leader. In this case the leadership style will have a lot of influence in shaping the confidence of the members in a group. Here the group leadership which appreciates and values the contribution of its members will lead to an effective group. This is because the members will participate more on the group tasks and in decision making due to existing good confidence towards the leadership. Also other practices which can increase group confidence includes retention of membership by the previous leaders of the group and practicing democratic form of leadership other than being autocratic (Wageman, 2010, p. 1). The other factors which can be attributed to attainment of an effective group include also the performance of the group. This implies the rate at which the group is able to give desired results and also the value of such results. To achieve this, leaders should strive to develop a common vision amongst the members of the group. This common vision should emphasis on efforts of the individual members of the group which stimulates their devotion towards the affairs of the group thus increasing the level of performance of the group. Lastly, the other factor is group cohesion which implies togetherness of the members and ability to remain united in their efforts to meet the set goals and objectives (Weber, 1983, p. 1). Here members feel a great deal of belonging to the group because they are highly appreciated and this motivates them to participate fully towards the success of the group thus attainment of an effective group. The group’s effectiveness can also result from the various dimensions of group participation as expressed in our group of interest. Firstly, verbal and non verbal communication is expressed for example through speeches, discussions, taking minutes and writing letters to members. This leads to information sharing which is very critical for an effective group. Secondly, the group development over sometime is exhibited by the fact that people keep on forming ties as their interests continue to harmonize as a result of increased interactions. This leads to the development of a shared vision which motivates the members to put more efforts towards the attainment of the set goals thus high levels of efficiency in the group. Thirdly, the roles-task roles and maintenance roles are seen where the members are clearly assigned some duties and responsibilities to undertake for the common good of the group. Here the group composition will be organized in such a way that members with some distinct talents are placed in position where they can make good use of their talents. For example people with leadership qualities will be assigned leadership positions in the group. This proper composition of the group will lead to good results thus an effective group. Finally, social interdependence and trust is expressed through mutual respect among members as they interact in the course of undertaking their tasks (Cohen, 1997, p. 7). This will lead towards the effectiveness of the group since all members feel free to participate because their opinions are being heard and respected. From the above, it is clearly seen that group are not just mere gatherings. For a group to be effective a lot of efforts are required from each member. Finally, without devoted leadership in the group, effectiveness can not be realized. Reference List Cohen, S. (1997). What Makes Teams Work. Web. Wageman, R. (2010). Interdependence and group effectiveness . Web. Weber, J. (1983). Group Effectiveness: Understanding Group Member Roles. Web.
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Thinking in Terms of Vectors in Daily Life Essay Physicists and mathematicians define vectors as objects that have direction and magnitude. I sometimes think in terms of vectors to complete several daily tasks in life. The first outstanding example is one I am trying to learn a new skill and apply in life. For instance, the concept was applicable for the first time I was learning to learn how to ride a bicycle. I had to combine momentum or magnitude with direction to achieve meaningful results. Through practice and experimentation, I was able to become a competent rider. The second time I have applied my thoughts from the perspective of vectors is when pursuing a new dream. A good example is how I have been studying, researching, and completing class assignments to achieve my academic goals. Such a practice entails learning to think in two dimensions. For magnitude, I have to allocate adequate time, collaborate with my supervisors and classmates, and acquire the right resources to get the relevant content. For the direction, I have to do so with speed while focusing on the potential benefits I stand to gain from the learning process. While I have mastered the art of thinking in two or more dimensions, I encountered some problems that remain memorable. The first one is that I had to concentrate and work tirelessly to achieve the anticipated outcomes. Without such an initiative, I would not have achieved my goals. The second one is that distractions are always present when a person is trying to think from the perspective of vectors. Nonetheless, I will always embrace such ideas and thought processes to perform my daily tasks more efficiently and promptly.
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Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service’s Efficient Communication Essay Table of Contents 1. Connected Activities 2. Scope 3. Revenue Source 4. Work Cited Connected Activities In order to ensure efficient communication SDARS has to connect three important components; the communication satellite, the uplinks and the downlinks that enable easy transmission. The communication satellites provides three orbits each covering an estimated distance from above the earth into the space and this ensures that signals are distributed evenly. Low orbit covers below 3100 miles above the earth, medium orbits below 12,400 miles and geostationary covering 22,237 miles. Through the use of earth-orbiting satellite the SDARS have ensured that the radio signals are received promptly by the subscribers (Callahan et al 305-306). SDARS have also installed terrestrial repeaters that ensure that the transmission signals are not disrupted by obstacles. The system also has attenuated free frequency range that prevents transmission interference by the weather. The firm offers an in-dash unit that has the ability of receiving AM, FM and also satellite transmissions. There is the FM modulator capable of receiving and retransmitting signals, and the portable plug-and-play devices which offer the subscribers convenience since it can be used in cars (Callahan et al 306). Scope The rise in the radio technology has seen ascend to the levels of offering commercial applications. The quality and the distance of transmission coverage also improved and incorporated the human voices; this ensured that a good percentage of population is reached from every region (Callahan et al 305). The vehicle industry has become one of the major customers for the satellite radio, all new vehicles scramble for installation and the radio prices are usually not considered in pricing the new vehicles (Callahan et al 305). The SDARS provides subscribers with variety of unique channels with less time apportioned to the commercial coverage as compared to the traditional commercial coverage that took approximately fifteen minutes per programming hour. The signal coverage is widespread therefore offering subscribers the ability to listen to same station on long journeys (Callahan et al 306). There is the hardware subsidies offered by SDARS in order to offset equipment costs. There are also incentives that are offered to the dealers that enhances the retail sales. The service has of recent offered the XM satellite radio that produces a signal from two earth-station antennas. They offer variety of music, talk, sports, entertainment and news channels. Besides they provide the subscribers with the opportunity to listen to live artist performances (Callahan et al 308). Revenue Source To ensure stability and continuation SDARS obtains its revenue from advertising, activation fees and subscription fees. The contribution by the XM was approximated to be between 20-25% of the total revenue. The company charges an activation fee of $9.99 that’s only for subscriptions ordered over the website. The activation fee for orders made over the phone is a bit higher rated at $ 14.99, the total activation fee was estimated to contribute between 3- 5% of total revenues. The monthly subscription fee for XM which forms a big percentage of the revenues is charged at $9.99 per month. The subscription fee has contributed between 79-88% of total revenues (Callahan et al 309). Also the addition of other channels like the premium adult channel and playboy radio saw the increase in the subscription fee in the recent past. In Sirius satellite radio 98% of the revenue is obtained from the subscription fee with less than 2% from advertising. This is since music programming commercials are free of charge (Callahan et al 310). For the enhancement of their transmissions SDARS provide the consumers with the tuners each valued between $250 – $400, antenna valued between $50- $100 and also there is a fee paid to cater for the installation services that’s between $60 – $100. Some revenue is received from the partnering companies like the GM which helps in the distribution process of the XM radios (Callahan et al 309). On the other hand The Hertz Corporation which is a car rental Company partners with Sirius satellite radio to provide radios in Ford vehicles which costs tenants an extra charge of $ 5 per day (Callahan et al 310; Feng et al 467-503). Work Cited Callahan, Cropper, Hunter, Kucker and Mitzel Angela. “Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service”. Accessed at < http://www.northwinds.net/ > on March 2, 2010. Feng, Froud, Johal, Haslam and Williams. “A New Business Model? The Capital Market and the New Economy”. Economy and Society , Vol. 30, No. 4, 2001: 467-503
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Social Impacts of Hosting Large Scale International Events Essay Table of Contents 1. Essay Structure 2. Events Overview 3. Formula One 4. Summer Olympics 5. References Essay Structure The essay describes the social impacts of hosting large scale international events on the local community. The presentation covers the structure of the essay and indicates the two main examples to be used to describe the social impacts. The essay will cover the following items; Introduction, Definition of events, Description of the social impact of events – in light of the summer Olympics and the Formula 1 in Saudi Arabia, Conclusion, and Sources. Events Overview There is no fixed definition of an event, given that it can be twisted to suit a given situation. Generally, an event is a one-time or rarely occurring event outside regular programs or activities of the funding or organising body. To the client or visitor, an event is an occasion for a leisure or socio-cultural experience out of the usual scope of choices or outside the daily experience.’ Events are classified based on their demand (media attention), tourist attraction as well as the impact they have on the host destination. Also their classification considers their magnitude and size. Hallmark events and mega events are two main types of events. Hallmark events are major one-time or recurring events of limited duration, developed primarily to enhance the awareness, appeal and profitability of a tourism destination. Mega events are events that draw huge numbers of visitors and have for a long time been linked to image-making or developmental roles for the host destination. They are large-scale socio-cultural sporting events that have a mass admired appeal and worldwide importance. Formula One Formula One is a motor racing event. Saudi Arabia to host its inaugural edition of the race in Jeddah. It is set to be the fifth full night race on the Formula One calendar, following the Singapore, Bahrain, Sakhir and the Qatar Grands Prix. Summer Olympics The Summer Olympic Games, also known as the Games of the Olympiad, are a major international multi-sport event normally held once every four years. The Games were first held in 1896 in Athens, Greece, and were most recently the 2020 Summer Olympics held in 2021 in Tokyo, Japan. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) organises the Games and oversees the host city’s preparations. In each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals are awarded for second place, and bronze medals are awarded for third place; this tradition began in 1904. References Getz, D. (2018). Event tourism: definition, evolution, and research. Tourism Management, 29 (3): 403-428. Levy, P. (2017). Iconic Events: Media, Politics, and Power In Retelling History , Lexicon Books, Lanham. Ritchie, M.D. & Beliveau, D. (2020). Hallmark events: An evaluation of a strategic response to seasonality in the travel market. Journal of Travel Research, 13(2): 14-20. Roche, M. (2020). Mega-Events, Olympic Games and the World Student Games 1991: Understanding the Impacts and Information Needs of Major Sports Events. 1-18 in the proceedings from the Major Sport Events Learning from Experience SPRIG Conference, UMIST Manchester, 1 May.
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A Closer Look at Free Verse and Patterns of Sound Coursework Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 129” is referred to earlier as a poem of disgust or revulsion. The poem is full of expressively ugly sounds. 129 The expense of spirit in a waste of shame Is lust in action; and, till action, lust? Is perjured, murderous, bloody, full of blame. Savage, extreme, rude, cruel, not to trust; Enjoyed no sooner but despised straight; Past reason hunted, and no sooner had, Past reason hated as a swallowed bait On purpose laid to make the taker mad; Mad in pursuit, and in possession so; Had, having, and in quest to have, extreme; A bliss in proof, and proved, a very woe. Before, a joy proposed; behind, a dream. All this the world well knows, yet none knows well To shun the heaven that leads men to this hell. Composition of a poem in which the lines end with the words listed in the order shown below: These words made me think of an old cowboy movie. Of course they never put this one on TV. She was a maid demure and saintly quiet The cowboy could not help but steal a kiss The days were warm and Spring was all a riot They dared to cross the dangerous abyss He led her to the quaking aspen trees Greened up anticipating sunny June Intoxication swelled from blooming Peas As he gently stroked the flower he would Prune The wine was served in pewter, lacking Crystal The service was on Sunday in the Bar The preacher held a bible and a Pistol The father of the cowboy played Guitar And so sweet Macy May was finely Brooded At summer’s end this story was concluded One line of perfectly regular iambic pentameter. I wish I had a place of mine alone A line of iambic pentameter that uses a pyrrhic foot, a line of iambic pentameter that uses a spondee, a line of iambic pentameter that uses a trochaic foot, and a line of iambic pentameter that uses an anapestic foot. With his bottle in his wobbly shaking hand (anapest) The poet swayed and stood his last bad stand (spondee) His stanzas showed his melancholic mindset (trochee) That as he drowned in alcohol he did forget, (Phyrric)
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Florence Nightingale’s Influence on Modern Nursing Research Paper The influence of Florence Nightingale on modern nursing, public health, and statistics are undeniably immense. Her contribution during the Crimean war resulted in the reduction of mortality rates among soldiers by two-thirds because of her introduction of preventive measures (HISTORY). These measures imply the provision of “clean clothes and beds, appropriate food, sufficient space for each bed and space between beds” (Peličić 88). The work of Nightingale as a statistician aimed at the resolution of possible epidemics within hospitals and made a significant contribution to the development of hospital statistics. Her legacy accounts for the pledge for nurses and 200 books (Peličić 88). Her initial books were dedicated to caring, hygiene, nutrition, and pediatrics (Peličić 88). In addition, she opened the nursing school at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London in order to introduce the professional nursery into the field (Peličić 88). As a result, she was able to provide trained nurses to take care of the endangered social layers in the ambulance offices of correction homes. This demonstrates her influence and importance in the improvement of the healthcare sector. The pledge of Florence Nightingale consists of four main clauses, which I consider as valuable foundations for professional ethics in the nursery. They are abstinence from administering and utilization of harmful substances, maintenance of high professional standards, and loyalty to her role as a physician’s aide coupled with devotion to human welfare (Peličić 88). The professional dedication and attitude towards nursery work established by Nightingale are remarkable. Simultaneously, it sets ethical boundaries for the nursing profession, reassuring the quality of medical services provided and the image of nurses outside of the workspace. The latter can be seen in the line, “I will abstain myself from whatever is deleterious and mischievous.” Furthermore, she attributed the essential component of medical practice that is patient’s confidentiality the promise to not spread any information about the patient and his or her family. I would like to adhere to the ethical standards set by Florence Nightingale in my own practice and to demonstrate the same level of patient-centered care. Works Cited HISTORY (YouTube Channel). “Florence Nightingale: Changing the Field of Nursing – Fast Facts | History.” YouTube , 2016. Peličić, Damir. “Foundations of the aspect of health care and two hundred years since the birth of Florence Nightingale 1820-1910.” Zdravstvena zaštita 49.4 (2020): 83-90.
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Influence of Intuition on the Decision-Making Process Essay According to Robbins and Wilner (2001), one of the benefits of acting on gut instinct is the fact that it might result in making decisions that one otherwise would not make – but that turn out to be right. An example of a man who has earned a master’s degree in deaf education is cited: Keith has always felt that teaching the deaf was “like a calling” for him. After teaching for two years, he never doubted his decision for a second. Another illustration is a graduate of Clark University, Tara, who relied on her gut feelings to pursue her dreams of dancing – and then followed her instinct when deciding she should not dance anymore. She realized that she had gotten everything she could out of it – and moved on to the next stage of her life, thankful for everything that occurred. When speaking about a career path as an Executive Assistant in Real Estate, it might be useful to turn to a gut feeling when deciding on whether or not to put forward a particular idea. If it suddenly appears in one’s mind and seems brilliant, but there is no actual reason why one should try and bring it up for discussion. There is a chance that what is referred to as “gut feeling” here might turn out to be professional acumen, which characterizes one as a true professional. According to Kramer (2020), there are certain ways for someone to eliminate fear, uncertainty, and doubt (FUD) in interviews. Firstly, it would be to let the hiring manager know that one can do the job – and can do it very well – cares about it and can fit in with the company’s culture. One has to represent their skills and experiences and have data supporting it and any other claim that might appear. One is advised to be completely transparent and directly address their shortcomings without dwelling on them. Finally, one is to ensure that the company’s expectations coincide with theirs. A particularly interesting piece of information from the Kramer (2020) chapter was the claim that selling is mostly listening. It sounds illogical that one can achieve something by seemingly not doing anything. However, listening is crucial to gaining information which is then to help build productive communication that can lead to success. It is one of those tiny tips that can make a difference. References Kramer, Eric P. 2020. Active Interviewing: Branding, Selling, and Presenting Yourself to Win Your Next Job . Cengage Learning. Robbins, Alexandra, and Abby Wilner. 2001. Quarterlife Crisis: The Unique Challenges of Life in Your Twenties . Penguin.
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Money Mechanics in Banks System Essay The major business that is done by banks is the buying and selling of cash. This is how they make profits hence they are always willing to buy and sell cash to the customers. Banks ensure that they transact well so that they can realize profits in the business transactions that they make. Banks always strive to ensure that cash deposits in a day’s transactions exceed withdrawal. Total deposits, which are made by customers in a business day, rarely exceed the total withdrawals by more than one percent. They are often retained at less than one percent. Banks maintain low cash reserves as most of the money is put to active business. Banks sell the money they get from customers to the Federal Reserve. This helps banks to increase their primary reserves (Ashby, pp. 55 -78). To ensure that banks do not misuse the money that is deposited by customers, a banking legislation has been formulated in the US. This legislation demands the banks to have required reserves in order to avoid utilizing the money belonging to their customers in business. The required minimum amount of money in the primary reserve of banks does not include the deposit balances of customers. Reserve requirements are set at a certain percentage. Banks are thus expected to deduct this set percentage of the money deposited and add it to primary reserve. However, a bank may choose to hold an amount of money exceeding the minimum required in the primary reserve. The bank can raise its primary reserves by including both the required reserves and the additional amount referred to as the working reserve (Ashby, pp. 55 -78). Banks gain substantially from the net deposits whiles they lose from net withdrawals. Net withdrawals have negative impacts on the reserves. Preventing net withdrawal is hard thus banks use the working reserve to offset the gap created by net withdrawal. Working reserves help to cushion banks from the insufficient reserve position which results from continued net withdrawals (Ashby, pp. 55 -78). Banks in the US raise their revenues in two major ways. They raise revenue through levying service charges on the accounts of their customers. Banks also raise revenues from excessive reserves. This is the major source of revenues for banks. The excessive reserves are invested in buying Treasury securities that are deemed to be safe and yield interest revenues. Treasury bonds are also referred to as secondary reserves. Secondary reserves support the primary reserves in yielding revenues for banks (Ashby, pp. 55 -78). Banks also generate revenues from lending money to its customers. Banks only lend money from their excessive reserves. The supply of money in the bank is enhanced by lending activities. Banks are comfortable to lend money when they have excess reserves. Banks are extremely cautious when lending to customers. They usually limit their lending to an amount which does not exceed the excessive reserve. The lending activities in banks take place in cycles. Interest rates that are charged on the loans borrowed by customers affect the loan expansion process. The level of interest rates by banks impacts on the availability of the excess bank reserves and the willing borrowers (Ashby, pp. 55 -78). Banks avail loans when they have excessive reserves. Federal reserves are acquired from four major sources. These are: the purchasing of outstanding Treasury securities or bonds, reduction of the reserve requirements by banks, the net deposits of paper currency and coins by customers and the choice of banks of operating with secondary reserves. Banks can choose to work with insignificant working reserves. This means that firms accept the risk of net withdrawals. In such cases, banks can transfer money into their working reserves. The regulatory legislation also allows banks to sell the Treasury bonds to raise excessive reserves (Ashby, pp. 55 -78). The loss of excessive reserves limits the lending exercise by banks. Banks loose excessive reserves through selling its treasury bonds, rise in reserve requirements by banks, net cash withdrawals and decisions to work with secondary or large working reserves. In general, the cash deposits made by customers allow banks to increase their lending. However, net withdrawals reduce the rates of lending by banks (Ashby, pp. 55 -78). Works Cited Ashby, David B. Money Mechanics . 2009. Web.
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The Iroquois Theater was a new place for people to relax and enjoy the plays of actors: people came, amazed, and came back to their homes. However, on December 30, 1903, lots of visitors of the Iroquois Theater did not come back home, as they were burnt alive: more than 550 lives were taken in 20 minutes. Some people got a chance to be saved from that fire, however, the vast majority of those people died at hospitals, on streets, and even in cars. The Iroquois Theater Fire was a real tragedy for the citizens of Chicago, Illinois and now, is considered to be one of the deadliest fires, which happen in single buildings; in total, more than 600 people lost their lives; the city lost its property, and the society learned several rather serious lessons and realized that careless activities of some people may take lives of the others, and the guilt for the deaths cannot leave a person forever. One of the most terrible shocks for the Americans during the investigation was the fact that the Iroquois Theater Fire took more lives than the Great Chicago Fire, however, the damage of the building was minor (Ramroth, 60). Because of fire-resistant walls and roof structure, repair of the theater did not take too much time, and in 1925, this building presented the same theater but only with another name, than, it was the Colonial Theater. The number of lives, which were lost during the fire, is terrible: “575 or 30 percent were killed, 212 of them children, and 76 of whom were age 10 or under. Another 25 died later from burns and injuries” (Norbury, 12). Also, it is necessary to mention that only one member of cast, Nellie Reed, was trapped by the fire and died. Looking at such numbers and imagining that these losses happened within 20 minutes in one building, it is impossible to believe that such things happened in real and no one could be blamed for this. Alive children were killed by the fire, their mothers watched how fire took them away, and lots of families were destroyed by ignorant attitude of the theater’s workers. It turns out to be very difficult to comprehend what lesson society learnt from the Iroquois Theater Fire: several witnesses and workers of the theater were accused by the grand jury, however, none of them was convicted, and only 39 claimants got some financial support (Norbury, 13). This lesson should be significant for the members of NFPA (National Fire Protection Association). This organization is aimed at reducing fires and possible losses, cost by fires. In 1903, they made one terrible mistakes and did not find time to check the condition of the building and possible available exits, as a results, more than 500 people were in trap and did not have a chance to continue their lives after the performance. Another lesson that had to be learnt from that fire was the necessity to strengthen all the regulations and check the availability of all possible exits. On the one hand, the Americans tried to learn on this mistake and cared about the exits in all American theaters. On the other hand, such care for exits was inherent to theaters only. The managers did not find it important to take the same measures at nightclubs and some other public places. This is why the fires in other places for entertainments took place as well, it was the same hard to find out who is a guilty one and punish him/her according to law. To my mind, if some people, who were responsible for the Iroquois Theater Fire, were punished harder but not just paid some money, the attention to fire protection in buildings and availability of exits could considerably increase. This is why lots of people learnt one more lesson from that fire – even human lives could be bought, and money could prevent possible punishment. By means of the analysis why the theater was opened without proper check and protections, it is obvious that holidays and desire to buy more tickets and earn money served as the main factors to open this public place earlier than it should actually be. Such selfish ends lead to one tragic and became a significant lesson for the United States of America. In Chicago, all theaters were closed and required all the necessary inspections in order to present safe performances. With time, other public places in America were closed or undertook serious repairs. A number of laws, important regulations, and important codes, which had to regard fire safety, were taken; this very way, many Americans demonstrated that they can learn from their mistakes. However, I still wonder whether people really need some tragedies or catastrophes in order to start appreciating own life. So, any way, people should care about own future and the future of their own children and be able to create safe conditions anywhere. Works Cited Norbury, Frank. A Matinee to Remember . 2009. Web. Ramroth, William, G. Planning for Disaster: How Natural and Manmade Disasters Shape the Built Environment. New York: Kaplan Publishing, 2007.
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Pinnacle Manufacturing Company’s Financial Forecast Case Study Financial trend analysis for Pinnacle Manufacturing Company Account balance % change 2012 – 2013 % change 2011 – 2012 Net sales 1.45% 2.70% Cost of goods sold 2.85% 4.18% Operating expenses -2.51% 2.40% Income from operations 1.87% -23.10% Net receivables 51.30% 8.61% Inventory 26.23% 1.05% Account payable 37.09% 24.71% Long-term debt 9.30% -0.17% Debt to equity, Net income before tax/sales, gross margin percentage, inventory turnover Ratio 2013 2012 2011 Current ratio 1.75 1.93 2.19 Debt to equity 90.5% 73.9% 70.8% Net income before taxes/sales 1.39% 1.28% 2.11% Gross margin 27.50% 28.49% 29.51% Inventory turnover 3.8 4.2 4.0 Summary of observations about Pinnacle’s business The company continues to experience growth in both net sales and cost of sales in 2012 and 2013. However, the rate of growth in 2012 was higher than that reported in 2013. Besides, the rate of growth for the cost of sales is higher than that of net sales. This leads to a decrease in the rate of growth of gross profit margin. The company resorted to cost-cutting strategies which led to the 2.51% decline in operating expenses in 2013. This strategy led to an increase in income from operations by 1.87% in 2013. The net income before tax to sales shows that the company is profitable even though there was a slight decline in the rate of growth. In the balance sheet section, there was significant growth in net receivables and inventory in 2013. The rate of growth of receivables indicates a probable collection problem now and in the future. Further, the rate of growth of inventory may lead to a build-up. This may cause an increase in inventory handling costs and obsolescence. It also explains the decline in inventory turnover. The current ratio deteriorated. This shows that the ability of the company to settle immediate obligations using current assets is declining. Despite the trend observed, the value of the current ratio is still high and it is not a cause of concern. The debt to equity ratio increased during the period. It shows that the leverage level increased due to an increase in the debt level. This may be a cause of concern because the use of too much debt puts shareholders’ funds at risk. The interest expense reduces profits. A common-size income statement for 2011-2013 Pinnacle Manufacturing. The common size, income statement. For the year ended 31 st December. 2013 2012 2011 Sales 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Sales Returns and Allowances 0.12% 0.12% 0.12% Cost of Sales* 72.41% 71.43% 70.40% Gross Profit 27.47% 28.45% 29.48% OPERATING EXPENSES-Allocated Salaries-Management 1.51% 1.61% 1.58% Salaries-Office 0.21% 0.20% 0.21% Licensing and certification fees 0.13% 0.12% 0.11% Security 0.36% 0.43% 0.44% Insurance 0.06% 0.07% 0.07% Medical benefits 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% Advertising 0.11% 0.12% 0.11% Business publications 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Property taxes 0.01% 0.12% 0.12% Bad debts 0.56% 0.70% 0.68% Depreciation expense 3.54% 3.12% 3.02% Accounting fees 0.18% 0.20% 0.21% Total operating expenses-Allocated 6.69% 6.70% 6.58% OPERATING EXPENSES-Direct Salaries-Sales 9.92% 10.30% 10.29% Wages Rental 0.33% 0.40% 0.40% Wages-Mechanics 0.74% 0.90% 0.92% Wages-Warehouse 3.24% 3.59% 3.78% Garbage collection 0.02% 0.02% 0.03% Payroll benefits 1.76% 1.97% 2.00% Rent- Warehouse 0.53% 0.51% 0.52% Telephone 0.02% 0.03% 0.04% Utilities 0.17% 0.18% 0.19% Postage 0.06% 0.09% 0.10% Linen service 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% Repairs and maintenance 0.11% 0.11% 0.12% Cleaning service 0.06% 0.05% 0.05% Legal service 0.26% 0.13% 0.11% Fuel 0.19% 0.23% 0.19% Travel and entertainment 0.07% 0.07% 0.07% Pension expense 0.15% 0.16% 0.09% Office supplies 0.10% 0.10% 0.12% Miscellaneous 0.20% 0.07% 0.10% Total operating expenses-Direct 17.94% 18.94% 19.13% Total Operating Expenses 24.63% 25.63% 25.71% Operating Income 2.83% 2.82% 3.77% Other Expense-Interest 1.45% 1.55% 1.66% Income Before Taxes 1.39% 1.28% 2.11% Federal Income Taxes 0.59% 0.58% 0.93% Net Income 0.80% 0.70% 1.19% Accounts for which there is a concern about material misstatements Account An estimate of $amount of potential misstatement Depreciation expense The expensed by $694,801. This could partly be a result of the increase in property, plant, and expense but it appears overstated. Property taxes A decrease of $155,424 when the balance of properties in the balance sheet has increased could be an indication of omission or misstatement. Interest expense The interest-bearing short-term and long-term debt increased by $7,155,235, while the interest expense declined by $117,269. It is expected that as debt increases, then the interest expense will also increase by the same proportion that is 21.92%. Income tax The federal income tax as a percentage of net income before tax is 45.21% in 2012. If the same rate is applied in 2013, the federal income tax is expected to be $947,585.19. Therefore, the value for the year 2013 is understated by $64,148. Bad debts The value of bad debts declined by $192,361 despite the increase in accounts receivable. It could be an indication that the allowance for bad debts was understated. Data for evaluating the potential for misstatements The information in previous parts focuses on the performance of the entire company. Therefore, it is suitable for analyzing the potential misstatements in all accounts apart from the direct expenses. For the direct expenses, it is suitable to use the disaggregated information for each division. The likelihood that Pinnacle is likely to fail financially in the next 12 months There is a low likelihood that the Pinnacle manufacturing company will fail financially in the next twelve months. The results show that the company has been profitable during the period of analysis and that it is making adequate cash flow. Besides, there are no indications that the company is facing financial difficulties. Even though some ratios such as current ratio and debt to equity have declined, they are still high enough to cause an alarm over the going concern of the business.
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The Concept of Laissez-Faire Leadership Style Report (Assessment) The laissez-faire leadership style comes from the French word meaning “let it be”. The manager does as little directing as possible and empowers employees. Employees must determine goals, make decisions, and solve problems themselves. This works well when: * Employees are skilled and experienced * Employees are very motivated * Outside experts or consultants are being used * Employees are trustworthy and loyal This style should not be used when: * employees are insecure or unskilled * managers do not provide regular feedback * managers cannot give praise * the manager does not know what to do (Styles of leadership 2008) This management style is found many times to create staffing and control issues. The strengths are its great flexibility, ease of change and democratic principles. (Staten, Clark 2004) Some of the more common styles of leadership include autocratic, bureaucratic, democratic, and laissez-faire. The Laissez-faire style was found not to provide enough guidance and support, and the team members in a nursing facility did not feel that the leader took enough responsibility. (Lipley 2004) The same was found in emergency medical services. Thye leadership was needed during a crisis and laissez-faire was not dependable. A laisses faire manager sets the tasks and follows up with minimal involvement. He or she is there to coach or answer questions, supply information if required. Employees are developed to take responsibility which may improve motivation and involvement. However, they may begin to feel lost and fail to reach the set goals. Sometimes it is best, usually within small companies or departments which need innovation. William Casey of the CIA had some good points. He said the following about his management style,”My management style is simple: you hire the best people, you give them clear goals, you give the them the authority to achieve those goals, and then you get out of the way. If they don’t perform, you fire them and get someone else.” This is laissez-faire with consequences, and it often works well. (untitled blog on line 2008) It worked really well for Paul Petrosino (Sichko 2008), who gets the most out of his employees by not spending much time around them at all. Four years ago Petrosino hired a manager from a to take over Integrated Liner Technologies, which makes tiny, specialized caps and cap liners for vials and other tubes and containers from silicone, Teflon and rubber. “His style of management destroyed the company for a year,” Petrosino said. “The sales force was completely disrupted. Finally, I saw that it was going to hell, and I took it all away from him.” After taking over again, Petrosino’s company continued to grow and now has annual sales of $12.5 million. So most of the time the Laissez-faire management style is too loose, but if you have a small company and a great staff it can work very well, because it gives loyal and smart employees power to make things work. References Lipley, N. (2004). Mix of leadership styles is best. Nursing Management – UK, 10 (9), 4-4. Management Styles . 2008. Learn Management. Web. Sichko, Adam, 2008, CEO’s laissez-faire management style empowers executives, spurs growth , The Business Review (Albany) – by The Business Review. Web. Staten, Clark, 2004, Management Models and Participative Management: A Theory for the Future, Chicago Fire Department, Chicago, Illinois. Web. Styles of leadership. 2008. eSsortment. Web. Untitled blog on line 2008. Web.
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Ward Essay This paper aims to inform you about the sociological concept of racism in the memoir read. In the world we live in, the lives of people get surrounded with scars arising from different things. “Men We Reaped” is a memoir regarding scars brought about by the loss of five young men who died because of various social problems; one died of suicide, others due to drugs and accidents. All these lost their lives due to who they were and where they originated; the writer, Ms. Ward, narrates how she experienced bullying since she was the only black lady in her school; she faced rejection and racism. She made observations about racism and masculinity and found out that society is trapped underneath poverty and history. Black men were undervalued in the community except when they were in their homes; they, in turn, devalued those at home, leaving numerous black children being brought up without fathers. A white drunk driver murdered young black men; they were genuinely attached by their identity and residence. The outcome of their lives was programmed by gender, race, and poverty. Ms. Ward assimilates at a young age how girls are handled differently and the danger of being black from her male relatives. The men could face violence or be detained at any time, and this brought worries in homes. The African-American inhabitants were susceptible to ruined opportunities, poverty, and the absence of chances, and their lives didn’t matter. Racism refers to predisposition or unfairness against somebody due to their race; there is a belief that races are better than others. Racism can be demonstrated through actions, values, attitudes, and guidelines. There are fundamental types of racism individual racism, cultural and institutional racism. Individual racism is a prejudice that exists within people, especially when one has negative thoughts about their culture either knowingly or innocently. Usually, aboriginals and people of color assume racism resulting in self-hatred, disgust, and disregard for one’s race; signs of individual racism range from skin bleaching to monitoring one’s behavior to resist a typecast. Institutional racism refers to formal and social practices that prolong racial discrimination. Cultural racism reveals beliefs and traditions that encourage the postulation that outcomes of a given culture are superior to those of other customs. It is categorized by fear or hostility toward members of another cultural group. Cultural racism thrives when there is a prevalent reception of stereotypes regarding diverse ethnic groups. In the memoir, people suffered from institutional racism and cultural racism, although they experienced individual discrimination as well at some point. Society viewed black men as unworthy, and they ended up undervaluing them; Ms. Ward was bullied in school because of her skin color (Ward, 2014). This all resulted from the society of white people considering themselves superior to the black people (Keeble, 2020). The lives of black people in that society did not matter since they were considered less human because of their cultural background; there even no opportunities for them. These kinds of racisms experienced in that society shaped the life of Ms. Ward, and she got to understand that society is background, values, and race atter a great deal. Race and ethnicity have played a big part in shaping lives and society; the blacks have been hurt due to their race, while ethnicity has been advantageous to the whites. Race and ethnicity have influenced how different cultures think about themselves; some superior, some inferior. The race has wounded the ability of blacks to succeed and has helped the whites to succeed. Ethnicity has made blacks doubt themselves and their ability to be innovative; they take race as dominant to their general identity. Race and ethnicity made Ms. Ward feel inferior at school, her father leaving home and her friends lost their lives out of effects arising from ethnicity. They became drunkards so that they could forget the problems that resulted from their race. Male relatives to Ms. Ward displayed the danger of being black made, and they were always insecure (Ward, 2014). Race and ethnicity interconnect with other outstanding aspects of societal differences; citizenship policies restrict membership of a particular race to a nation. There is a connection between race and nationality; people are denied opportunities in society because of their ethnicity. Skin color is another dominant social difference experienced in the community, and black people are usually discriminated against and undervalued by whites. People with opposite genders and sexuality are granted different opportunities in society while causing females to look inferior. Racism in fashioned Ms. Ward to have a wrong perception about gender roles in society, especially among the poor. She experienced resentment from her brothers whenever she asked for help in house chores (Ward, 2014). This made her associate womanhood with working and worry and manhood with anger and hostility. Therefore, we as members of society should fight against racism and embrace the norm of equality for all. We need to take the initiative and teach others the dangers of racial discrimination in people’s lives and encourage them to develop a sense of equality. Reference Keeble, A. (2020). Siblings, kinship and allegory in Jesmyn Ward’s fiction and nonfiction. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 61 (1), 40-51. Web. Ward, J. (2014). Men we reaped: A memoir . Bloomsbury.
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In his book, The Armchair Economist: Economics and Everyday Life , Steven Landsburg aims to discuss some of the principles that economics uses to answer questions about issues that concern people every day. The book is separated into 5 chapters and 24 smaller parts – each of them targets a particular problem, analyzing the cost of popcorn at the movie theater or the outcomes of wearing a seatbelt on the rate of traffic accidents. Notably, the author considers the principles of efficiency and incentive as the foundational aspects of economic theories. Landsburg states that “people respond to incentives” – a simple phrase that explains a vast number of inquiries in the book (p. 11). In this work, the author tackles such topics as taxes, monopoly, competition, and price discrimination, often delivering unusual responses to common problems. One of the topics discussed in the class that is mentioned in the book is taxes. While the role and the impact of taxation on people are talked about in several parts of the work, Landsburg devotes an entire chapter to explaining why taxes are bad, using the logic of efficiency. According to the scholar’s argument, taxes are almost always more harmful than helpful to people. His example is that tax discourages purchases of goods and services, which negatively affects the economy and creates deadweight loss – and inefficiency of the market that puts its supply and demand out of equilibrium (Landsburg, p. 74). The belief that taxes impede innovation and economic progress is generally supported by scholars who state that risk-taking is lowered due to higher tax rates (Mukherjee et al, p. 196). Nonetheless, Landsburg argues that the evasion of paying taxes is the actual reason for their ineffectiveness. Another problem that Landsburg covers is price discrimination, which he finds an inherent part of the market. The author provides several examples in which price discrimination can and cannot work, showing that its success depends on the target customer group and the industry’s conditions. For instance, a difference between a barber and a baker offering senior discounts is the person that is able to use the service immediately (Landsburg, p. 42). A person cannot get a haircut at a lower price if they are a senior, while someone could ask their grandmother to buy them bread. Thus, this tactic works in particular markets, and managers should always consider the demographic they aim to attract (Chevalier and Kashyap, p. 128). Finally, the topic of monopoly is brought up several times in the book. Interestingly, Landsburg links the idea of price discrimination to monopolistic competition, arguing that the business needs some power to establish varying prices. In this case, such authority decreases the risk of competitors appealing to the highest paying clients by offering a lower price cap (Crapis et al, p. 3589). In the same chapter, Landsburg questions the statement that movie theaters have a monopoly over popcorn, arguing that this belief fails to consider the diversity of customers and their preferences. This question is left unanswered, but economic theory poses that high prices are justifiable due to customer demand. The book The Armchair Economist: Economics and Everyday Life offer some interesting ideas about the way economic theory attempts to explain some mundane problems. It is rather simple to understand, which makes the logic of the author approachable to a broad audience. However, in my opinion, the author focuses on two separate entities – a person and the market – and neglects the impact of a community on people’s decisions. As a result, the utilized logic prioritizes the belief that economists always correlate efficiency with actions that prevent the economy from improving the social welfare of the world (Leeson, p. 1). Therefore, the answers provided by Landsburg lack nuance, showing a narrow view of economic theory. References 1. Chevalier, Judith A., and Anil K. Kashyap. “Best Prices: Price Discrimination and Consumer Substitution.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy , vol. 11, no. 1, 2019, pp. 126-159. 2. Crapis, Davide, et al. “Monopoly Pricing in the Presence of Social Learning.” Management Science , vol. 63, no. 11, 2017, pp. 3586-3608. 3. Landsburg, Steven E. The Armchair Economist: Economics & Everyday Life . 2 nd ed., Simon and Schuster, 2012. 4. Leeson, Peter T. “Logic Is a Harsh Mistress: Welfare Economics for Economists.” Journal of Institutional Economics , 2019, pp. 1-6. 5. Mukherjee, Abhiroop, et al. “Do Corporate Taxes Hinder Innovation?” Journal of Financial Economics , vol. 124, no. 1, 2017, pp. 195-221.
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West African Maritime Trade and Globalization Annotated Bibliography Afolayan, A. (2021) Identities, histories, and values in postcolonial Nigeria . London: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book focuses on the diverse and contradictory cultural landscape that has formed in Nigeria after the period of colonization. It provides an informed overview of the variety of topics, related to the formation of the modern Nigerian identity. Namely, the first half of the book comments on the language and vocabulary development, the reclaiming of myths in the post-colonial society and the Nigerian ethnicity. The second half of the book focuses on the impact of the digital revolution on modern Nigeria, sex-related power dynamics, the Re-enactment of the Badagry Slave Trade Route and the intricacies of slang. One of the authors and the chief editor of the book, Adeshina Afolayan, is a senior philosophy lecturer in the Nigerian University of Ibadan. Her perspective on the culture and the social structure of post-colonial Nigeria is not only authentic, but well-informed, and is suitable for a very diverse audience. This book is relevant for the purpose of the study, as it provides a detailed examination of the social context of the post-colonial Nigeria. Hence, this context can be used as a framework for the analysis of most modern issues in Nigeria. Ellingsen, O. and Aasland, E. (2019) ‘Digitalizing the maritime industry: a case study of technology acquisition and enabling advanced manufacturing technology’, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management , 54(1), pp. 12-27. This article provides an expert and pragmatic insight into the state of the modern maritime industry and its digitalization. It reports on a case study of implementing technology and introducing the strategies for the technology acquisition. The final section of the study is dedicated to the comparative analysis of the three models of technology acquisition and examines its’ efficiency and associated costs. Structurally, this is a qualitative research, conducted trough five in-depth structured interviews with the technology experts in the relevant field. The article is written in cooperation, and has two authors: Oda Ellingsen and Knut Einar Aasland. Ellingsen is a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering, and a CNC-operator from Rolls-Royce Marine. She holds a masters degree in the business field, and is currently pursuing and industrial PhD. Knut Einar Aasland is a professor of engineering design with the prevalent research in design methodology. Their joint expertise provides them with a framework for the detailed analysis of the industry state and its relationship with technology, suitable for a wide audience. As technological advancement and globalization go hand in hand, this paper is instrumental for the deeper understanding of the research topic. Korieh, C. and Ihuoma, C. (2020) Historical perspectives on economy, politics, and health in Nigeria . London: Goldline & Jacobs Publishing. As stated in the title, this book provides a historical overview of the matters of economy, politics and health in Nigeria. It comments on both the early stages of the development of Nigerian nation and its contemporary state. Each of the three sectors is examined with care and attention to detail, considering successes, failures and the potential opportunities. The book is critical of the existing cultural narrative, at times, as it perceives it as influenced by the colonial period. The main point of the book is the conflict between structural weakness of the existing institutions and the Nigerian struggle for sustainable growth in the areas mentioned. The book is co-written by Chima Korieh, a professor of African History, and Chiamaka Ihuoma, a graduate History student in the Ontario University. Their book targets people equipped with a general knowledge of Nigerian history, since it focuses on its more particular aspects. The book can be seen as relevant for the research topic, since maritime trade is affected by both economical and political state of the country. Reference List Afolayan, A. (2021) Identities, histories, and values in postcolonial Nigeria . London: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Ellingsen, O. and Aasland, E. (2019) ‘Digitalizing the maritime industry: a case study of technology acquisition and enabling advanced manufacturing technology’, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management , 54(1), pp. 12-27. Korieh, C. and Ihuoma, C. (2020) Historical perspectives on economy, politics, and health in Nigeria . London: Goldline & Jacobs Publishing.
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Product Innovation in Business Organizations Report Product innovation in a business organization requires team work. Product innovation is a project, which requires different team members to play different roles. The organization of the team and communication among team members during innovation is crucial to the success of the team. Effective organization requires that team members with the most suitable skills to work on the innovation project be selected. The teams should also be multi-disciplinary in nature incorporating members from operation department, technical marketing and sales. Members from these various disciplines are required to cooperate when working as a team in order to eliminate communication barrier that may be brought by conflict of interest. The innovation team is supposed to work on the project from its initiation to the end and remain accountable. The project should also have a leader who will be responsible for the implementation of the ideas behind the project, and project teams should accountable for the outcome of the project. However, for the project to succeed, the project team should have an effective communication system. An effective communication system can be realized through a centralized information sharing system. This helps multiple teams work simultaneously on the same idea even if they are at different locations. To ensure that the product teams are communicating well, a business organization should make sure that the information received by product teams are relevant to the current project they are working on and in harmony with the decisions of the organization. Effective communication among product teams also requires that the information passed to the product team to be accurate especially with regard to the potential cost of the project. Product development teams should, therefore, not be supplied with information outside their area of interest because this has the potential distorting the decision process. Effective communication among product teams also requires that these teams should be provided with exhaustive information, especially during the initial stages of product development. Good communication in product development teams also requires that the business organization to ensure communication and collaboration between the firm and its customers. This is because new products in a company are normally developed on behalf of the customers. Prototyping is another method that can be used to ensure the product teams communicate well. Prototyping refers to the process of representing the product being developed. Prototypes enable communication between product designers in an organization and consumers. This ensures that the product design team accurately captures the needs of customers in their design to avoid rejection of the product after it is complete. Another important characteristic of shared information system is that this system needs to be cost effective in order to enable easy communication among product development teams. The communication system used by product development team should also be efficient when it comes to gathering information. Shared information systems enable product development teams to make accurate decisions by providing analysis tools and information models. A good information sharing system also reduces risks by enable efficient risks assessment based on the information gathered. Teamwork in product development that is integrated with effective communication has the potential of encouraging constant innovation in a company through product development. Basically, a shared information system should be in a position to supply relevant information, minimize risks, and ensure the objective of the product development teams is met.
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Why Is “The Amazing Race” So Popular? Essay Reality TV shows have proven to be hugely popular around the world. Since their rise in popularity, several attempts have been made to analyze and explain the phenomenon of their success. Likewise, the shows have diversified, and while some of the elements, like the deliberately unedited footage and the absence of the script, is still shared by most of them, some other features are used to varying extent. The Amazing Race is an example of one of the distinct type of the show, which has become popular both because of the presence of some familiar elements, like the characters who are easy to associate with and the exclusion of other, which are slowly declining in popularity, like the overemphasis on the humiliation. The Amazing Race is a reality TV show that depicts a challenge between several groups of people traveling around the world. The teams are pursuing the same goal, by finding waypoints and encountering obstacles. The winner is determined on the elimination basis, meaning on the initial stage you have to avoid finishing last. The premise is far from something new, resembling familiar shows of previous decades, like Fort Boyard, or even the sports disciplines of triathlon and orienteering. So what makes it stand out? First, it is the appeal of seeing common people engaging in extraordinary activities. Before the reality TV was dominating the screens, people could get access to the shows where athletes were competing for the prize. Alternatively, many TV series and feature films depict the protagonists overcoming much more dramatic barriers. However, it is far more difficult for the viewers to associate themselves with a superhero-like marine jumping off the cliff into the abyss than with a real person who resembles their relatives and classmates. For this same reason, the people seen in reality shows tend to trigger a much stronger empathy towards them than less realistic characters: once we believe in a person, we can understand them, at which point they become important to us. In The Amazing Race, characters are often seen expressing fear, doubt, dismay, and irritation in much the same way we do it in real life. The show does not make emphasis on it, like the others known to exaggerate emotions of their participants, but displays it to a degree which is enough to persuade us that what we see is not a staged performance, but a real thing. The use of real people instead of trained actors has many other benefits. It’s cheaper, so the company may afford a better marketing campaign. It’s making use of the decline of the face-to-face communication, which has become uncommon but is still missed, so any character resembling a person from our neighborhood is guaranteed to grab our attention. Most importantly, according to several psychological and sociological studies, it presumably promotes mediocrity instead of shunning it. According to Shpancer, “the audience buys the ruse and takes the mediocrity on offer as truly special, thus narrowing its own horizon” (par. 12). While applicable to some extent to every reality TV show currently or previously aired, The Amazing Race limits its use to the minimum. First, the format of the show rarely puts the participants in a position where they look remarkably average – on the contrary, it demands the effort to succeed in each challenge. Thus, while the factor of mediocrity is not absent (after all, it is responsible for associating viewer with the character), it may be ignored as a reason for the show’s success. Another concern with reality TV, voiced by Eric Jaffe, is the feeling of false superiority that is derived from the way the people in the show are portrayed (32). Vengeance is another cause of the popularity of such shows, as those who feel the need for it “have the potential to enjoy watching people being humiliated.” (32) Again, while the character exhibiting fear of heights and struggling with herself before jumping off the roof to grab a waypoint may be viewed as humiliation – after all, she is showing her weak point. Nevertheless, it does not even remotely compare to the levels displayed by other shows, termed “humilitainment” by Jaffe (32). In this regard, we can safely assume that if the humiliation factor plays its part in the show’s popularity, this part is relatively minor. So what is the reason behind the acclaim of this show? It does not possess the qualities which are the reasons behind the genre’s success, at least not all of them, yet it manages to stay on air for quite a bit of time. I feel that the reason behind it is the decline of novelty. When the shows were introduced to our culture, the factors mentioned by Jaffe and Shpancer were unusual and strong. Now viewers slowly grow tired of their presence. There is still audience for humilitainment, but it is not enough to show someone’s inferiority and get a decent following. People get used to it, so reality TV, like any entertainment, must become inventive again. To sum it up, the success of The Amazing Race can at least in part be ascribed to the usage of traditional methods like the simplicity of the cast and the absence of the detailed script. However, it is the careful balancing of these elements with good themes and decent challenges that makes it stand out from the multitude of similar programs. Works Cited Jaffe, Eric. “Reality Check.” Association for Psychological Science Observer 18.3 (2005): 28-35. Print. Shpancer, Noam. The Meaning of Reality (TV) . 2010. Web.
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The system for pollution offsets Essay The minimum standards for maintaining environmental quality while keeping costs at the minimal can be established by considering sources of emissions and their concentrations. These air pollutants may be acceptable to a given degree after which they become unacceptable due to the consequences they have on nature. It is important to determine the extent at which a given pollution is negligible and above which the damages are intolerable. In this case, there is an “important condition that market equilibrium coincides with the least-cost solution for attaining any predetermined level of environmental quality and does so for any initial allocation of licenses among polluters” (Krupnick, Oates, and Van De Verg, 1983, p. 234). When considering this approach in environmental management, optimal standards should be introduced to regulate the polluting activities and the concentration of emitters in a given region. All the polluting entities, regardless of the degree of emission, are regarded as accommodating to the environment. This is only if they do not act in violation of the standard optical measure on environmental quality. This implies that the cost of pollution remains equal for all entities. Therefore, it creates room for increased pollution activities in relatively clean areas at no extra cost. This allows license trading in regions that are least polluted thereby degrading the environment further. This will lead to a disabled equilibrium that should exist between environmental quality and abatement costs. There are biases in this model towards minimizing costs and thus insensitive to the environmentalists (Krupnick, Oates, and Van De Verg, 1983). McGartland’s extension on Krupnick’s perspective regarding standardizing the measure for environmental quality introduces a predetermined optimal measure in environmental quality. Both the environmentalists and polluters seek to improve the environment and reduce abatement costs. This perspective addresses each region on its own aiming at improving air quality level by the current status. This is done by ensuring that the predetermined standards are not exceeded. Therefore, the environmental quality standards are not uniform. However, they are dependent on each region’s level of environmental degradation. That way, those that are already good will not deteriorate to reach the optimal standard established. In this case, it is not the optimal standard of emissions in any region that is assessed. However, it is the optical amount of emissions of a certain region that measure whether the quality of the environment is maintained (McGartland & Oates, 1985). Unlike Krunpick’s assertions, there is no equilibrium between costs and environmental damages, it seeks to reduce costs and protect the environment whichever is more gain. Thus, environmental quality will be maintained, if not improved, because there is insignificant possibility of increasing polluting activities in a clean environment. This is because it violates the predetermined amounts of emissions despite having minimal activities when compared to others (McGartland & Oates, 1985). The system for pollution offsets that Krunprick was introducing is only applicable if other measures are taken. These measures include the introduction of measurable extents to which a pollutant cannot be allowed to exceed; the partitioning of regions according to the amount of emissions; and determining the number of pollution activities any region can sustain. Maintaining equilibrium between environmental quality and cost is not efficient if all the polluting entities are treated uniformly despite the amount of emissions and concentration in a certain region. Therefore, to ensure that regions with good quality environment are not subjected to degradation at extra costs, trade permits should be introduced. Nevertheless, the permits should reflect the unique needs of each region, as opposed to the optimal, standard measure for environmental quality. This way pollutants experience minimal costs while the environment gains better quality. Reference List Krupnick, A.J., Oates, W.E. & Van De Verg, E. (1983). On Marketable Air-Pollution Permits: The Case for a System of Pollution Offsets. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 10, pp. 233-247. McGartland, A.M. & Oates, W.E. (1985). Marketable Permits for the Prevention of Environmental Deterioration. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 12, pp. 207-228.
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Quality health and social care services are vital since they influence social, medical, and physical wellbeing of individuals. The services entail the adoption of conventional medical and social development practices that aim at enhancing effectiveness, efficiency, and equity in service delivery. In the US, achieving quality health and social care services is a priority in most institutions. However, the realization of quality service delivery is faced with numerous challenges that include but are not limited to lack of resources. Effective mitigation of the challenges commands systematic adherence to the best health care practices, integration of modern operating systems and exemplary leadership. This paper explores the primary factors that affect the attainment of superior health and social care services at NHS Trust hospital. Factors that impact the attainment of superior health and social care services Indeed, numerous factors influence the achievement of quality health and social care services in diverse health institutions including NHS Trust hospital. The factors that revolve around planning, policies, strategy formulation, communication, and resources require effective mitigation approaches. The methods are necessary to guarantee superior delivery of solutions relating to medical and social issues that affect clients. Poor planning- Lack of proper planning is a primary factor that affects the achievement of quality health and social care services in NHS hospital. Poor planning affects quality owing to the fact that it results in wrong prioritization of activities and allocation of resources (Ballard et al, 2006). It makes health institutions to lose focus on the essential activities that impede timely delivery of services to patients. For instance, a health care organization may allocate resources towards the construction of staff housing units instead of purchasing a diagnostic equipment that may be lacking. Health institutions that have no plan have poor treatment system of patients, inferior response rate to patient issues and face complications in scheduling patients for treatment or social assessment (Oleske, 2009). The delay may cause death and unwarranted suffering to the patient. Poor communication system- Lack of proper communication in hospitals has been touted as a fundamental impediment to timely and quality service delivery to patients. Inferior communication system hampers the level of response to the patients’ needs that exposes them to unwarranted suffering. As noted by Ballard et al, (2006), no hospital can achieve quality service delivery without the use of effective communication systems such as telephone and computers. Poor quality evaluation processes, policies and procedures;- Poor operating policies, legal requirements, lack of evaluation or monitoring processes and procedures also affect the achievement of quality in the delivery of health and social care services (Lundy & Janes, 2009). The autocratic policy generation regarding procurement of drugs, patient admission, treatment procedure including threshold requirement for employee qualifications and terms of work affects the morale of the staff. The low morale of the staff has a resultant negative impact on the quality of the services they render. Lack of resources: – Inadequate resources ranging from money to purchase drugs, diagnostic machines, well-equipped theater rooms, and social centers affects the quality of services rendered in most hospitals including NHS hospital (Guah, 2011). Quality in the health sector is dependent on the resources available including how well they are used. Deficiency in resources depict compromised service delivery Strategy formulation: – Inferior strategy formulation on how to execute operations is affecting quality service delivery in diverse health care service providing institutions (Guah, 2011). For instance, NHS hospital lacks proper leadership strategy that fosters inspiration of quality performance, human resource development strategy, infrastructure advancement, and patient monitoring strategies. The strategies compromise the ability of most hospitals to address the patients’ health and social care needs using modern service delivery incentives. The patients wait long hours before receiving the necessary medical attention due to poor strategies. Conclusion Indeed, most hospitals including NHS Trust hospitals have been facing serious challenges that influence their capacity towards achieving quality health and social service delivery. The factors include inferior planning approaches, poor strategy formulation and communication systems. Inadequate medical equipment and policy formulation systems also form key factors that affect quality service delivery. These factors require mitigation using conventional approaches to ensure enhanced, effective, and efficient service delivery to patients. The probable approaches include the adoption of effective leadership style, integration of superior communication systems, and acquisition of relevant medical equipment. Other approaches that aid the achievement of quality service delivery include proper planning and inclusive formulation of policies. List of References Ballard, D, Mayberry, R, Nicewander, D & Qin, H 2006, Improving Quality and Reducing Inequities: A Challenge in Achieving Best Care . Web. Guah, M 2011, Healthcare Delivery Reform, and New Technologies Organizational Initiatives , Hershey PA, Medical Information Science Reference. Lundy, S & Janes, S 2009, Community Health Nursing: Caring for the Public’s Health , Sudbury, Mass, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Oleske, D 2009, Epidemiology, and the Delivery of Health Care Services: Methods and Applications , New York, Springer.
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Curbing Iron Deficiency Anaemia Essay Whilst iron is considered a trace mineral in our body, it is still essential because iron is an important component of hemoglobin. This is why Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is a grave health concern because the British Nutrition Foundation (2004) reported that “3% of men and 8% of women have a haemoglobin concentration indicative of iron deficiency anaemia… Whilst in children, 3% of boys and 8% of girls aged 4-6 years, 1% of boys and 4% of girls aged 7-10 years, and 1% of boys and 9% of girls aged 15-18 years have haemoglobin concentrations indicative of iron deficiency anaemia. In addition, 11% of men and 9% of women aged 65 years and over have haemoglobin concentrations indicative of iron deficiency anaemia”. The World Health Organization (WHO) has more alarming facts about IDA because they reported that IDA is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. They reported 3.7 billion people to have iron deficiency and most of them are women. Worse, more than half of pregnant women (58%) in developing countries are anemic. The occurrence of IDA is a sad fact because can be easily taken from many food sources. Andrews (1999) informed that the form of iron in foods influences greatly how much is absorbed. About 40% of the total iron in animal flesh is in the form of hemoglobin (the same form as in red blood cells) and myoglobin (pigment found in muscle cells). This heme iron is absorbed about two to three times more efficiently than the simple elemental iron, called non-heme iron. If neither the diet nor body stores can supply the iron needed for hemoglobin synthesis, the number of red blood cells will decrease in the bloodstream. The blood hemoglobin concentration also falls. Physicians use both the percentage of red blood cells (called the hematocrit) and the hemoglobin concentration to assess iron status, along with the amount of iron and iron-containing proteins in the bloodstream. When hematocrit and hemoglobin fall, an iron deficiency is suspected. In severe deficiency, hemoglobin and hematocrit fall so low that the amount of oxygen carried in the bloodstream is decreased. Such a person has anemia, defined as a decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Hemoglobin metabolism involves formation and breakdown. The formation is initiated by the process of absorption. Unlike most elements, iron has no specific mechanism for excretion so that absorption must be closely monitored to control body content and ensure replacement of the daily loss. Many factors influence absorption, especially gastric acid, which can degrade iron salts and prevent their precipitation in the duodenum. In the duodenum, iron rapidly enters the mucosal cells of the intestinal villi, where the iron is released from heme by the enzyme heme oxygenase. There, the ferrous iron destined for the formation of hemoglobin in the developing red cells of the marrow (the erythroblasts) is converted to ferric ions by ceruloplasmin and is attached to the transport glycoprotein transferrin. The non-assimilated iron remains in the intestinal cell and is combined with the storage protein apoferritin to form ferritin, which is lost by the body when the mucosal cells are shed after their 3-5-day life cycle. The mechanism by which the mucosal cell knows what to discard and what to assimilate is unknown (Andrews, 1999). Infants, young children, pregnant women, and pre-menopausal women are the people who are most susceptible to IDA because they need more iron. During development, the baby draws iron away from its mother for itself. When the baby is born, the iron requirements are met by stores of iron in the infant’s body together with iron in the breast or formula milk. By 6 months, the stores have been used up and milk alone does not provide enough iron for the infant. This is why, “solid food should be provided after 6 months of age should include rich sources of iron, e.g. red meat” ( British Nutrition Foundation , 2004). Active children need iron also because they are rapidly building up muscles. The variation in menstrual blood loss, and hence, loss of iron, makes it difficult to set iron requirements for women. Women who menstruate more heavily and longer than average may need even more dietary iron than those who have lighter and shorter flows. Ultimately, the causes of iron deficiency are easy to understand when one accepts the fact that there is no physiologic pathway for iron excretion. Iron deficiency will result from any condition in which dietary iron intake does not meet the body’s demands. To reduce the incidence of IDA, it is recommended that people should not neglect iron-rich food sources in their diets. Good iron food sources are liver, blood sausage, red meat, eggs, whole-grain bread, cereals and molasses. Vegetarians need to take Vitamin C in order to absorb iron effectively from vegetables. However, the most important step in curbing IDA will be the awareness of people about iron deficiency. When they are properly informed, people would not neglect iron food sources in their diets. Government policies in requiring food companies to fortify their products with iron can also help in a little way. Iron supplements can also be recommended but because of the risk of toxicity, any use of iron supplements should be supervised by a physician. Bibliography Andrews, N. 1999, December 23. Disorders of iron metabolism, The New England Journal of Medicine , 341(26): 1986-1996. British Nutrition Foundation . 2004. Iron and health. Web.
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A Sustainable Management for the Conservation of the Galapagos Islands Ecological System Essay (Critical Writing) The Galapagos Islands are one of the archipelagos renowned as one of the most beautiful places in the world, “the ecological and evolutionary processes characteristics of the Islands have been minimally affected by human activity. However, due to the impact of human activity, such as tourism and fisheries management, for example, the archipelago is recognized today as World Heritage in Danger (González et al. 2008, 13). It goes without saying that human interference into natural processes and unsustainable management activities influence on the ecosystem of the Islands negatively. Thus, urgent actions of government concerning management and conservational activities should be done in order to preserve a natural heritage of the Galapagos Islands. According to the recent survey, the two areas of the management should be re-organized in order to prevent undesirable changes. Tourism and fisheries management are two sections that influence on the ecological system of the Galapagos Islands most of all. The two readings discuss these options from the point of view of environmental management. The main argument of the first reading “Rethinking the Galapagos Islands as a Complex Social-Ecological System: Implications for Conservation and Management” concerns the problem of the tourism as the main reason of negative changes in the environment of the Islands. The core idea if the article is to re-organize the management activity to “maintain a desirable state to exist” (González et al. 2008, 13). The main measures are the reorganization of the traditional practices of the management industry, new approaches to the territorial planning and provide interdisciplinary researches in the social and biophysical sciences. The second article “The rocky path to sustainable fisheries management and conservation in the Galapagos Marine Reserve” also deals with the environmental management. However, it focuses attention on the fisheries management. The main subjects for discussion are “the two main resources, spiny lobster and sea cucumber, have shown alarming signs of deterioration” (Hearn 2008, 1). The reason of this process, according to the article, is that the design the management system that does not work. Both readings claim that the Galapagos Islands survive a critical period nowadays. The human activity affects greatly on the environment of the Islands. In addition, the two readings suggest the idea that strong state control and privatization are needed to improve the situation. Certain limitations should be applied to touristic and fishery activities. The understanding of the dynamics and functioning of the archipelago, conservation-based approach to the problems can be really helpful. However, such approaches to the problem imply the changes in lifestyle of people who were born on the Islands. The methods described in the article do not suggest how it can be done without a negative impact on the cultural heritage of the Islands which is one of the main touristic attractions. Tourism and fish industry are the main sources of income, at the same time, they are considered to be the main sources of damage and destruction of the native eco-system of islands. These two issues are connected and interdependent. People used these resources for centuries without changing their lifestyle. Reduction of the number of tourists will reduce the number of marine products extracted from the sea. It can lead to negative economic changes as well. So, how those two issues (tourism and fishery management) can be reorganized (using suggested methods) so that not influence the economic state and life of autochthons? Reference List Hearn, Alex. “The rocky path to sustainable fisheries management and conservation in the Galapagos Marine Reserve”, Elsevier, (2008): accessed from https://www.journals.elsevier.com/ocean-and-coastal-management González, Jose A. Carlos Montes, José Rodríguez, and Washington Tapia, “Rethinking the Galapagos Islands as a Complex Social-Ecological System: Implications for Conservation and Management”, Ecology and Society 13 (2), (2008): 13, accessed from https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/art13/
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Business Ethics Reflective Essay The concept of ethics is very essential in the development of operational strategies in any business organization. Various decision-making procedures right from the time of recruitment of employees, defining the goals and objectives of the organization, designing the appropriate organizational structure, developing the organizational strategies, and integration of the strategies in the business operations all require ethical consideration. This course on business ethics has endowed us with the ability to make ethical judgments when handling issues that often arise at different workplaces. It touched on different issues that are encountered at workplace like discrimination based gender, harassment at work, alcohol and drug testing on the new employees in an organization, business and individual privacy, and the impacts that the operations of the organization has on the environment. However, ethics in business remains to have various controversies (Ferrell, Fraedrich & Ferrell, 2009, p.5). Module 1 of the course had some of the most striking concepts encountered in the contemporary business world. The module comprised ethical consideration relating to privacy in business. Privacy has been regarded as a legal right of an individual for a long time (Frye, 2001, p.32). The current market is competitive and business organizations are striving to acquire or maintain a higher market position. This is often achieved through the kind of relationship that the business organizations develop with the stakeholders especially the clients of the organization. A good privacy statement by a given business organization will strengthen the kind of trust that the clients have in the organization thereby retaining such clients (Zahorsky, 2011, para.7). Utilitarianism, one of the ethical principles, is illustrated in this module. The principle asserts that an ethical act is that which yields the greatest amount of good for the majority in a given setting (Kay, 1997, para.1). The concept of utilitarianism is often difficult to comprehend in the normal context as the kind of the “goodness” it requires may not be defined explicitly. The other party may regard what seems good to one party as bad. However, in this context, it was very clear that establishing a private policy that protects the information on consumers was of benefit both to the organization and to the clients. A good privacy statement will explain to the clients why the information concerning them is needed by the organization, how the information will be used in the organization, the individuals who will be allowed access to such information, and how the information will be protected from unauthorized users (Zahorsky, 2011, para.8). It also needs to provide the clients with an option to decline to provide such information. Instantly, the need of modern technology is evident in ensuring privacy in business. Technology has been seen to improve privacy although a lot of care needs to be taken to bar the irresponsible users from mismanaging the systems. The second module focused on ethical considerations on cases of discrimination witnessed at workplaces. This was also interesting as it focused on how ethics can help avoid cases of discrimination witnessed at workplace. The third module presented what I viewed as some of the challenges that may be experienced when applying ethics in business operations. This module also focused on the kinds of discrimination at workplace and the best approach to avoid them. It emerges that certain situations will call for discrimination. A typical organization in a competitive market would always want to have good reputation among a wide category of individuals. A good approach would be to ensure that different individuals are included in the workforce by considering different categories: gender, age, race, disability, or language group. Situations often arise when a role is available that may not be performed by an employee randomly selected from these category. In deed, there are circumstances that require one to acknowledge the differences like gender, race, and even disability (Hunter, 1992, p.6). For instance, in the event that the available job requires lifting of heavy loads like large parcels, it may not convenient to hire an employee with physical disability or a female employee. The organization will be forced to discriminate based on these factors. Other situations may call for discrimination based on the language group in order to improve on the delivery of services to the clients. This area generated many discussions and gave me much trouble as these could be seen as violation of the rights of these minority categories. References Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J. and Ferrell, L. (2009). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Seventh edition. South-Western: Cengage Learning. Frye, C. (2001). Privacy-enhanced business: adapting to the online environment. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. Hunter, R. (1992). Indirect discrimination the workplace. Sydney: Federation Press. Kay, C. (1997). Notes on utilitarianism. Retrieved from http://sites.wofford.edu/kaycd/utilitarianism/ Zahorsky, D. (2011). Is your small business privacy friendly? Web.
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Wal-Mart Learning and Growth Perspective Essay Importance of learning and growth The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used by businesses, governments, and others organizations to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals. It can be discussed under the following; Mission – A manager is expected to know how well their product is running, and whether the organization’s products and services meet the customers demand. The mission of any organization has to be designed by those who understand the process well and have ideas since a mission should be a unique one which cannot be easily copied by the outsiders. For any organization to achieve its missions, it must align the organizational functions with its objectives by centering on the staff and their roles in attaining the company’s objectives (Gumbus & Johnson 2003). Balanced scoreboard strengthens a company’s ability to follow up and boost learning-and-growth enablers, unveils things in learning-and-growth that the management might not have noticed or even thought of. Additionally, it reinforces a firm’s ability to connect learning and growth enablers to the integral business processes and customer experiences, thus refining approach. Finally, it enables those in management to answer some fundamental questions that they lucked answers for (Kaplan & Norton 2001). Strategy – this is necessary for any business to achieve its objectives because it gives directions and connect between objectives and also involves allocation of finance and this helps in reducing the risk of liability suit in that they work towards reduction of financial loss from the liability, loss of customer intimacy and loyalty, deficiency of internal checks and balances and promotion policy. When putting a strategy, growth is the main achievement we want therefore we must put into consideration our current clients and now aim at getting more customers and this depends on the quality of goods we produce our speed (Demick & Miller 1993). Objectives – Improving the objectives found in “learning and growth perspective enables the organization to improve its internal process perspective objective which in turn enables the organization to create desirable results in the customer and financial perspectives” (Kaplan & Norton 2004). Here, the ability to sustain changes and improvement are dealt with and the final outcome of the product is considered before being dispatched to the customers. Customer complaints are dealt with to ensure that they are satisfied and goods delivery is on time (Niven 2010). Measures – To achieve a business’ mission consistently, it is necessary for any business to measure its achievements and sustainability. Sustainability and profitability can only be achieved if customer satisfaction is increased because this promotes sales hence increased income resulting to generations of return customers which can be measured through tracking data from the distribution channels. In many organizations we find that with achievements of the mission. “Corporate citiaenship, interdepartmental collegiality, and cultural maturity are monitored-with a goal of employees moving to the next level during their performance review” (Demick, 1993). Learning enhances growth because as new technology is implemented, employees need new skills, therefore the two works together. The management needs to give incentives to the employees and also offer training. Objective Measure Target Action – Employee satisfaction – Skill level -Re-skilling 1. Employee capabilities – Employee product – Continuous improvement – Involvement in decisions – Employee retention – Overall satisfaction with the organization. 2. Information system capabilities – Access to information – Technology infrastructure – Providing the staff with the appropriate knowledge – Involvement in decision taking 3. Average certification Level Motivation, empowerment & alignment. – “This offers not only a grade to compensation, but also a plan for the employees to chart their course and future career advancement”. Giving financial appreciation to the staff when a targets are achieved. A job-wage skill categorization achieved by further instruction and skilling. References Demick, J. & Miller, P. M. (1993). Development in the workplace. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. Gumbus, A. & Johnson, S. D. (2003). The balanced scorecard at Futura Industries. Strategic Finance. 85(1). 36-42. Kaplan, R. & Norton, D. (2001). The strategy-focused organization. New York: Harvard Business School Press. Kaplan, R. S. & Norton, D. P. (2004). Measuring the strategic readiness of intangible assets . PDF file. Web. Niven, P. (2010). Learning and Growth perspective. EPM Review. Web.
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Quality and Cost Measurements in Nursing Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Quality Measures 3. Performance Measures 4. Incentive Payment 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Nurses’ performance quality is a topic under continuous discussion in healthcare research. Each procedure that nurses perform can affect patient health outcomes and determine the rate of successful diagnoses and treatments. As a result, the status of healthcare organizations, their economic prosperity, and their ability to serve the community are dependent on finding the most efficient ways of practice. This paper discusses the role of quality measures in this search, taking the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) as an example. Then, it reviews the performance measures that can be utilized to determine the level of nurses’ productivity. It is clear that incentive payment has some benefits in increasing nurses’ performance quality, and the model of team-based incentives seems to offer great perspectives for fostering collaboration and growth. Quality Measures First of all, it is vital to establish why quality measures are important. Nurses often have to find an individualized approach to their patients. However, most procedures can be systematically described and separated into groups according to their step of patient treatment, urgency, condition, and other aspects. Thus, these activities can be analyzed and compared – for example, which approach to a particular therapy has proven to be the most effective and why. Clinical performance measures, such as the AHRQ, contain a number of these measurements, showing hospitals and their staff their opportunities for improvement, weaknesses that drive people away or lower their status (Hamric, Hanson, Tracy, & O’Grady, 2014). By providing precise numbers and comparing them to the competitors and the national benchmarks, quality measures create a transparent foundation for professional growth. Performance Measures Nurse Practitioners (NPs) have a variety of duties that may be difficult to assess fully. Rhodes, Bechtle, and McNett (2015) focus on NP’s productivity and argue that nine main factors require monitoring. These include patient visits, new patients, MD referrals, diagnoses, cancellations and reasons for “no-shows,” the number of visits per diagnosis, and the time that patients have to wait (Rhodes et al., 2015). For instance, by seeing an increase in new patients, diagnoses, and referrals, the clinic can assume that its NPs are working quickly and attracting new clients. Investigating the average wait time may reveal slow workers or a problem with registration and technology. The rates of cancellations and “no-shows” are indicative of nurses’ lacking communicative skills and patient-centered thinking. Incentive Payment Many healthcare workers are guided by their intrinsic motivation in their profession. The nurses’ code demonstrates nurses’ commitment to providing patients with care and attention (Buppert, 2018). Nonetheless, harsh working conditions, stress, negative experience, and low pay may interfere with nurses’ desire to perform well (Hain & Fleck, 2014). Here, the need for external motivation may arise, and incentive payment is a system that can overcome the issues mentioned above. This approach not only offers nurses and the ability to earn more money but also receive recognition for their contribution and hard work. In a team-based incentive business model, this strategy also fosters collaboration and creates a supportive culture. Conclusion All in all, quality measures are a vital part of improving the nursing profession. They show weaknesses and strengths and offer solutions for problems that affect nurses and patients. NPs’ performance measures have the same purpose of revealing underlying issues and proposing reasons for low productivity. The use of an incentive payment system can be beneficial in a hospital setting, especially if harsh working conditions challenge the staff’s internal motivation. References Buppert, C. (2018). Nurse practitioner’s business practice and legal guide (6th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Bartlett & Jones Learning. Hain, D., & Fleck, L. M. (2014). Barriers to NP practice that impact healthcare redesign. OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing , 19 (2). Hamric, A. B., Hanson, C. M., Tracy, M. F., & O’Grady, E. T. (2014). Advanced practice nursing: An integrative approach (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders. Rhodes, C. A., Bechtle, M., & McNett, M. (2015). An incentive plan for advanced practice registered nurses: Impact on provider and organizational outcomes. Nursing Economics , 33 (3), 125-131.
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Sex Stereotyping in Health Care Practice Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Sex Stereotyping 3. Case Study Scenario 4. References Introduction Whereas several legislations have been instituted for equal opportunities and greater freedom for women, sex stereotyping is still apparent in health care practice. Health care providers and patients have reported observations and perceptions on various types of sex-role stereotyping of women. Sex-role stereotyping occurs because of negative attitudes or beliefs about women patients, female behaviour, female physiology, and the need for different standards of health care for men and women (Ramsden &Friendship, 2007). In addition to the above, the other three bases of sex-role stereotyping on women takes place because of “sex-role conflicts, male-dominant female-subordinate role play, and leadership capacity” (Bayley & Turcke, 1992). Sex Stereotyping Research articles have pointed out that physicians, social workers and other health care providers make their judgments based on the behaviour, physiology and requirements of the patients on the basis of sex stereotyping. Moore, Conine and Laster (1980) illustrate that “stereotyping has been associated with observed differences in health care, such as more extensive and thorough patient histories, laboratory tests, and examinations for men than for women.” The dilemmas that face women patients in their need for emergency medical services are therefore real. Case Study Scenario In the scenario presented above, the women were denied emergency intravenous medication [analgesia] because ED staff do not attend to medical complications of women. This is a true demonstration of sex stereotyping because the patients would have been handled differently and of course better if they were men. It can therefore be discerned from the readings that sex stereotyping is an inherent part of and parcel of the health care system that must be recognized and dealt with forthrightly. References Bayley, E. W. and Turcke, A. L. (1992). A Comprehensive curriculum for trauma nursing. London: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Moore, P., Conine, T. and Laster, T. (1980). Sex-Role Stereotyping in Health Care. Journal of Physical Therapy . Vol. 60, No. 1. Ramsden, C. and Friendship, J. (2007). Emergency and Trauma Nursing. Australia: Elsevier.
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Language and Political Theory in Construction of Japanese Identity Term Paper In part, the idea of Japanese identity was shaped by two important forces, namely language and political theory or ideology. In particular, these factors influenced many philosophers, political scientists, and linguists who attempted to single out the main distinctions of Japanese people and their society. This paper is aimed showing how language and political theory were used for the construction of Japanese identity. While discussing the role of the Japanese language, many intellectuals emphasize its distinguishing features, rather than similarities to other languages. It should be noted that Japan adopted and modified the Chinese writing system. Moreover, before the eighth century, Chinese was the language spoken by educated people (Heisig, Kasulis, and Maraldo 1010). Later Japanese intellectuals attempted to minimize the impact of Chinese culture. This is why scholars tried to discover the Japanese language which existed before contacts with China and its cultural tradition (Heisig, Kasulis, and Maraldo 1011). To some extent, this quest for the old language highlighted the idea that Japan was distinct from China or any other country. Certainly, this assumption might not be shared by every person living in the country, but it definitely influenced the rhetoric of intellectuals and scholars. Additionally, the expression of emotions in this language was also discussed by people who thought about Japanese identity. For example, one can mention the use of te-ni-o-ha or postpositive particles. They do not only perform grammatical functions, but also help the speaker express his or her emotions, attitudes, and feelings about ideas, actions or people (Heisig, Kasulis, and Maraldo 1015). This linguistic phenomenon gave rise to the belief that Japanese people tend to focus more on emotional aspects of communication, rather than logic and cognition. Judging from the peculiarities of the language, many people even assumed that Japanese people lacked the ability to think in an abstract way. Certainly, it is possible to challenge this assumption because abstract thinking does not necessarily rely on verbal means of communication. Nevertheless, this argument was put forward by both philosophers and scientists (Heisig, Kasulis, and Maraldo 1015). These are some of the ways in which language influenced the idea of Japanese identity, especially the way in which discussed by prominent Japanese thinkers. Another force which shaped the debates about Japanese identity was political life of the country, its form of government and the dominant ideology. These debates about political aspects of Japanese society began to emerge in the late nineteenth century, when the influence of Western-European countries became stronger (Heisig, Kasulis, and Maraldo 1086). The Japanese intellectuals and scientists viewed technological progress and new modes of production very favorably, but one cannot say the same thing about political changes. For instance, Kita Ikki argued against the democratization of the society and said that it was in no way superior to other forms of government (Ikki as cited in Heisig, Kasulis, and Maraldo, 1022). Moreover, emperor was viewed as the key figure in the political life of a country. Thus, this attachment to monarchy was viewed as a form of loyalty to the past. It is often seen as a part of Japanese identity. This conflicting attitude toward the modernity gave rise to two several beliefs about Japanese people. In particular, according to widespread belief they had to possess such virtues as piety, loyalty, and respect for tradition. However, political scientists and philosophers also stressed the idea that Japanese people were able to adopt, modify or perfect scientific achievements of the Western world. Thus, Japan and its people had to be loyal to their heritage, but at the same time open to new ideas. Only by reconciling these two needs, the country could retain its autonomy and political power in the word. Such concept as Kokutai was also important for the formation of Japanese identity. It implied that an individual and a nation had a certain historical mission (Heisig, Kasulis, and Maraldo 1025). Hence, the task of an individual was to contribute to the achievement of this goal. Although, the mission was never formulated accurately, but the concept implied that a person had to be loyal to the group. Again, this argument was applied to reinforce the belief that Japanese people were superior to other Asian nations. Certainly, this political or cultural chauvinism is not included in the concept of Japanese identity. However, the notion of group loyalty does remain important for people who study or discuss Japanese identity. Thus, one can argue that language and political theory gave rise to certain assumptions about Japan and its people. For instance, one can speak about the attention to emotions, rather cognitive aspects of speech. Moreover, one can mention such values as respect for tradition, openness toward new ideas, and group loyalty. Although, these views are not always based on some empirical observations or statistical data, they are popular among scholars, philosophers and political scientists who examined the identity of Japanese people. In each case, the distinctions of Japan are emphasized, while less attention is paid to its similarities with other nations. Works Cited Heisig, James, T. Kasulis, & J. Maraldo . Japanese Philosophy: A Sourcebook , Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2011. Print.
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Nurse-to-Patient Ratio Effectiveness Report (Assessment) Holley, Jennings, and Wolters (2011) mention that staffing levels depending on the patient’s condition. Taking this into account, the Minnesota Nurses Association provided limitations for the nurses. In this way, the ratio is to be 1:1 in operating rooms and trauma units, etc., and 1:6 in uncomplicated postpartum ( Registered nurse staffing for patient safety, 2009). Such a six-level division is said to allow the nurses to manage their duties successfully and enhance the results of the treatment, but the effect of its implementation seems to be different. For now, patients are highly concerned about unsafe staffing, as they believe it to worsen health outcomes. So nurse to patient staffing ratio is said to be crucial for health facilities to provide the patients with high-quality services and bring positive outcomes ( Minimum standards for patient safety , 2013). To prove this and that the division accepted in Minnesota works, the hospitals were ordered to prepare the report, which would allow studying this correlation ( Minnesota session laws , 2013). As it turned out, the evidence failed to prove that patient outcomes depend on the staffing levels, and they were mostly influenced by the staff mix. So the efficiency of the legislated nurse to staff ratio remains only an assumption. The report also showed that the procedure of assessment was not well-designed, which prevented the measurement of staffing and outcomes even though it was discussed ( Hospitals and nurses share the same goal , 2015). Moreover, the President of the Minnesota Hospital Association questioned the necessity of these ratios and claimed them to be not effective in his memo ( Leaked memo , 2010). Still, the employees believe that staffing levels are one of the factors that influence outcomes. Thus, it can be said that the nurse to patient ratio only looks advantageous for the patients. In real life, its positive effect on health outcomes was not proved. However, having even insignificant influence, tends to affect them in a way. References Holley, W., Jennings, K., & Wolters, R. (2011). The labor relations process . South Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning. Hospitals and nurses share the same goal . (2015). Web. Leaked memo: Hospital execs plan to ignore public promise; will work instead to undermine patient safety efforts. (2010). Web. Minimum standards for patient safety . (2013). Web. Minnesota session laws . (2013). Web. Registered nurse staffing for patient safety . (2009). Web.
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Sedimentary Rocks and Plate Movements Correlation Essay Geologically, the Earth’s crust comprises of more than one type of mineral element, whose combination makes up the Earth’s crust. There exist three main categories of solid aggregate mineral deposits (rocks) that make the Earth’s crust namely Sedimentary, Metamorphic, and Igneous rocks. Classification of these rocks into these three groups depends on a number of factors that include there mineral content, method of formation, texture, and the dimension of their grains or particles. For example, igneous rocks owe their existence to volcanic activities, because of magma cooling either on or within the Earth’s crust. Contrary to this, the formation of metamorphic rocks depends on the prevailing pressure and temperatures whereas, sedimentary rocks originate from accumulated sand, rock and organic matter (Murck, Skinner, & Mackenzie, 2009, pp. 42-60). Sedimentary Rocks and Plate Tectonic The formation of sedimentary rocks depends on the nature of the land terrain, because for sedimentation to take place there has to be the washing of soil, dead organic matter, or rock particle to low lying areas. One primary characteristic of the sedimentation process is the accumulation of rock particles carried mostly in a dissolved form by transport agents. The movements of plate boundaries, which can either result in different plates sliding over each other or colliding with each other, cause an irregular Earth’s surface, comprising of lowlands and highlands. For example, because of sliding of surfaces in convergent plate boundaries, most particles will deposit themselves between the two plates. Because of the extreme nature of pressure between them, the deposited sediments may undergo melting hence; forming igneous rocks when they cool back to their original form. In addition, because of the irregularity in the land’s terrain, gravitation force will make water to flow from high to lowlands hence, leading to accumulation of eroded particles in low-lying areas, which in most cases are water bodies. On the other hand, sometimes the movement of plate can cause weaknesses in the Earth’s crust that can trigger a volcanic eruption that can lead to accumulation of volcanic products, for example, ash falls and lahars in water bodies (Murck, Skinner, & Mackenzie, 2009, pp. 248-251). Continuation accumulation of particles will lead to increased lithostatic pressure on the sediments, forming several sediment layers through a process called lithification and diagenesis. It is important to note that, unlike igneous and metamorphic rocks’ compositions that vary from their original forming components, because of the extremity nature of temperature and pressure conditions that these types of rocks form under; sedimentary rocks maintain their forming rocks’ characteristics, because they form under moderate temperature and pressure conditions (Murck, Skinner, & Mackenzie, 2009, pp. 226-228). Because of the varying nature of particle deposited in water bodies, the diagenesis process can result in three categories of sedimentary rocks. The first category of sedimentary rocks is clastic sedimentary rocks. Clastic sedimentary rocks form because of the buildup of pre-existing rocks in bedding layers. Through the diagenesis process, pieces of clasts, which vary in size, accumulate together forming a rock that maintains some properties of its forming material. Examples of mineral elements that make clasts for example, sandstones, and siltstones include feldspar, clay minerals, lutile, and arenite. As compared to sandstones that have coarser although bigger particles, sandstones and conglomerates have smaller and rougher particles. Classification of clastic rocks depends on the nature of particles forming the rocks in terms of size, mineral composition, and the matrix of the rock (Murck, Skinner, & Mackenzie, 2009, pp. 228-230). Organic or biological sedimentary rocks make up the second class of sedimentary rocks. unlike clastic rocks that result from the accumulation and diagenesis of pre-existing rocks, this rocks primary components are remnants of living things, accumulated in low-lying areas and have undergone the lithification process. Most minerals that form organic sedimentary rocks are rich in carbonates minerals, which in most cases will eventually form limestone deposits. Examples of organic sedimentary rocks are flint and strotolites (Murck, Skinner, & Mackenzie, 2009, pp. 230). The third class of sedimentary rocks is chemical sedimentary rocks; rocks that form because of super-saturation and precipitation of dissolved minerals. Most chemical sedimentary rocks form in marine environments or in water bodies characterized by high evaporation rates; a process that increases water concentration hence, facilitating precipitation. Examples of chemical sedimentary rocks are halite and gypsum (Murck, Skinner, & Dana, 2010, pp. 230-235). One primary characteristic that differentiates sedimentary rocks the other two classes of rocks is there chemical composition hence, the need to understand their origin and methods of formation. For example, igneous rocks are products of volcanic activities hence, the tendency of most of them to be rich in minerals found in magma, for example, biotite. Metamorphic minerals being products formed under intense pressures and temperatures, most of them are unique from the common minerals. On the other hand, because sedimentary rocks are products of mineral deposits, most of them will have precipitated minerals, for example, quartz (Murck, Skinner, & Mackenzie, 2009, pp. 228-263). A second main method of differentiating these rocks is by use of their texture. Most sedimentary rocks have grains that differ in sizes, shape, and roundness whereas most grains that make igneous rocks are crystalline in nature and they intertwine in varying orientations. On the other hand, metamorphic rocks have share the crystalline and interlocking property with igneous rocks, although their grains are organized and have specific patterns. It is important to note that, sometimes identifying these different types of mineral is hard using the naked eye hence, the need to use geologist’s services with help of magnifying lenses (Murck, Skinner, & Mackenzie, 2009, pp. 228-263). In conclusion, there is a close correlation between rocks mores o sedimentary rocks and plate movements, such movements being the primary determinants of the Earth’s terrain. Reference List Murck, B., Skinner, B., Mackenzie, D. (2009). Visualizing geology. New Jersey: Wiley, John & Sons.
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Globalization as an International Issue Essay Globalization is a common phenomenon in modern society, which affects all spheres of its functioning. This term means “the connection of different parts of the world” ( Effects of economic globalization , 2019). Such a process is often typical for the economic sphere, within which business interaction becomes international. Altman and Bastian (2021) note that globalization is measured by “more than 3.5 million data points on trade, capital, information, and people flows” (para. 2). Politically, the term globalism is spreading when all processes must be considered from a global perspective (Vanham, 2019). As part of this phenomenon, different aspects of people’s lives also become more closely related. In particular, international economic flows can influence political and social life in different regions. Modern means of communication significantly simplify the interaction of different countries and continents, which enhances the internationalization of all spheres of life. In particular, cultural globalization occurs within the framework of which the products of one country are distributed around the world (Vanham, 2018). This process can lead to negative consequences, such as the elimination of cultural diversity. Another critical issue associated with globalization is climate change and environmental disasters. For example, pollution at one end of the globe can lead to extreme weather conditions on the other (Vanham, 2019). Thus, globalization makes all processes, including economic, political, cultural, social, environmental, and other parts of the global agenda. References Altman, S., & Bastian, P. (2021). The state of globalization in 2021 . Harvard Business Review. Antunes, S., & Camisão, I. (2018). Introducing realism in international relations theory . E-International Relation.
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Eurotunnel Problems and Central Artery / Tunnel Project Implementation Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Factors 3. Recommendation 4. Reflection and Conclusion 5. References Introduction Providing examples of difficulties in mega projects, Eurotunnel and Central Artery/Tunnel Project (CA/T), also known as Big Dig, are two examples, which largely represent to an extent a similar range of issues. In that regard, both e projects provide an example of unprofitable structure, where different factors ranging from political, financial, and technical resulted in that both projects at the current state are not expected to pay off any time soon. The present paper contrasts the main factors behind the difficulties in both project, providing a recommendation on the approach program management, which would provide a higher return on investment (ROI) within a reasonable time period. The Factors The main and the common factor in both projects is the underestimation of costs. In that regard, according to Bent Flyvbjerg of Aalborg University, such a factor is the rule rather than the exception, where 9 out of ten projects are underestimated. The root cause in the Big Dig project, in addition to the underestimation of costs, can be seen in the long span in the construction, during which the re-estimation of costs, combined with the inflation, were paralleled with funding issues, which continued up until the opening of the project. Accordingly, it can be seen that the update on the financial costs as well as new occurring factors was taking long spans, up to 3 years. The Eurotunnel project can be distinguished in that the factors contributing to the root cause of the project’s difficulty were also associated with the political division of the project. Such division between the two countries, which combined with the absence of a parenting company that would outline the shareholders and the dependence on the political changes within each country forced difficulties on the project. It should be noted that an important common attribute between the two projects can be considered its low ROI in the long term. Recommendation The main directive in the management of both projects can be seen through the establishment of a project management office (PMO), which will help in executing the objectives of the project as well as improving the practice and results of project management (Kendall & Rollins, 2003). The processes governed by the PMO should be conditioned with the implementation of the PMO value-oriented throughout put model, rather than the cost-containment model. It can be seen as the cost being the factor, and at the same time the underestimation of the cost being a rule, the focus on costs is likely to fail. In that regard, the throughout put model would fulfill the lesson in reporting the annual costs, while being focused on the objectives, rather than the ways to reduce costs. The throughout put model will be used to generate the data that will be used to assess the projects and accordingly will receive opportunities “that must be evaluated relative to current projects” (Kendall & Rollins, 2003, p. 28) Additionally, the long duration of the project was one of the factors in the low ROI, and thus, an advantage of the throughout put model can be seen in the emphasis on the reduction of the cycle time, where the reduction of the duration will be an ROI engine. Reflection and Conclusion An important notice should be mentioned regarding the megaprojects overviewed in the paper, which is the fact that those projects had the potential to be closed if their costs would have been correctly estimated. In that regard, it can be stated that the focus on the objectives and reporting “throughout” is a better approach rather than the focus on the costs, which as a rule would exceed the estimation in any way. In that regard, PMO can be considered as an advantage that would make the cost contamination occur naturally, rather than an objective in itself. References Kendall, G. I., & Rollins, S. C. (2003). Advanced project portfolio management and the PMO : multiplying ROI at warp speed . [Conyers, GA]: J. Ross.
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s Activity and Membership Research Paper The codification system used in NATO is rather complex. Often considered the essential element of NATO’s Codification System (NATO, 2014), the ID-related processes presuppose that the minimum data required for the correct IoS should be obtained. As the organization’s current safety motto says, “One IoS, One NATO Stock Number (NSN)” (NATO, 2014, para. 1). NATO’s headquarters are located in Brussels, Belgium (NATO, 2014). The purposes of the organization are quite numerous. Among the key objectives, which NATO is supposed to fulfill, the following ones must be mentioned; * sharing the responsibilities that the integration into a single economic entity entails; * taking the risks associated with the political and economic cooperation of the states, as well as the support for the members; * maintaining collective security by complying with the key principles of human rights and democracy; * preventing the members of NATO from signing any agreement that may conflict with the goals and objectives of the organization. Apart from the objectives specified above, NATO also pursues the goal of attracting new members to the idea of an internship. As far as the Internship Programme is concerned, the objectives can be characterized as directed towards proper information management and, therefore, revolve around the process of NATO databases organization and access, as well as the process of learning from the NATO community. To be more specific, the key goals of the program include: * promotion of the latest technological advances, as well as theoretical knowledge, among the NATO members so that this knowledge could be applied to the solution of specific political, economic, or cultural problems; * the opportunity for interns to learn from the organization and, thus, improve their economic and financial state; * introduction of diversity in the NATO workforce and the creation of a proper environment for intercultural communication, as well as a successful negotiation process; * expansion of the understanding of NATO among both the members of the Alliance and the governments of other states. As it has been stressed above, NATO is currently preoccupied with the recruitment and training of new members. Numerous programs, including the above-mentioned internship program, are a graphic example of the specified endeavors. In addition to training sessions, which NATO offers to all those concerned, the organization also embarks on a range of missions, including diplomatic missions. As far as the membership requirements are concerned, there is a specific threshold for the states that may join NATO, both in terms of economy and politics. To be more specific, to become a NATO member, a state must have a constitution based on the key principles of democracy. Moreover, new NATO members must have their economy geared towards the global market, The last, but not least, the necessity to appreciate the sovereignty of the state’s neighbors is an essential criterion for accepting the state in question in NATO (Minimum requirements for NATO membership, 2014, para. 1). It is worth mentioning, though, that the participation in the so-called Membership Action Plan, which was designed by NATO as well, includes a set of less stringent rules. Allowing the states that for some reason cannot pursue membership in NATO to obtain the protection that they need from the organization, the specified set of rules follows the open door policy of the North Atlantic Treaty (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 2014). Reference List Minimum requirements for NATO membership. (2014). U.S. Department of State . Web. NATO. (2014). The NATO codification system . NATO . Web. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. (2014). NATO Enlargement. North Atlantic Treaty Organization . Web.
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Medical vs. Nursing Practice Problems Essay Nursing practice, although seemingly focusing on the medical aspects of one’s care, expands far beyond direct medical interventions. In addition to the explicit treatment, nurses are to secure proper communication and evaluation of external socio-cultural factors that might potentially affect one’s therapy patterns. For this reason, there exists a differentiation between medical practice problems and nursing practice problems. While the former places major emphasis on the pathology of the patient’s health condition, nursing practice problems comprise the peculiarities of the patient’s assessment and response to a certain condition (Potter, Perry, Stockert, & Hall, 2018). Thus, the fundamental difference between these two approaches is the fact that nursing practice problems should tackle the notion of psychosocial health as a major contributor to one’s well-being. For example, when the patient is admitted to the medical facility with a stroke, the primary interest in terms of medical practice would be to conduct a full scan of the condition’s pathology, including its potential causes and origin. Medical practice problems, in their turn, are focused on the aspects of caring, communication with patients and their families, cultural competence, and the overall treatment dynamics both inside and outside the facility (Potter et al., 2018). As far as the concept of PICOT is concerned, it is important to dwell on its definition and significance for the practice. Essentially, the PICOT framework is used in order to assists nurses in terms of creating a tangible and meaningful clinical inquiry. The framework includes the population of interest (P), the intervention of interest (I), the comparison of interest (C), the outcome of interest (O), and the timeframe (T) (Potter et al., 2018). When addressing this format, it becomes evident that PICOT is to be based on the nursing medical problem because it aims at analyzing the issue in both clinical and psychosocial environments for the sake of more explicit and tangible results. Reference Potter, P. A., Perry, A. G., Stockert, P. A., & Hall, A. (2018). Essentials for nursing practice (9th ed.) [E-book]. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Health Sciences.
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“A Red, Red Rose” by Robert Burns Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction “A Red, Red Rose”, written by Robert Burns, is a four stanza poem, with four lines in each stanza. The poem begins with the conventional image of rose, a red rose, to represent love, and then it deviates into images like rocks and sands. Though it has all the qualities of a traditional ballad, it attains a very complex nature, deserving to be read in the context of modern interpretations, like the theory of deconstruction formulated by Derrida. This brief paper takes a look at the poem in order to discuss the important literary devices used in it. Discussion In the first stanza the poet compares love to a rose and then to a sweet melody: “O MY Luve ‘s like a red, red rose …O my Luve ‘s like the melodie” (Burns). These images are conventional, but they also imply their opposite meanings. A rose has thorns as love is never without its thorny sides. Both the rose and the melody remind that they are short-lived, temporal, though sweet. Therefore, the poet’s intention is to foreground the element of time in love relationship and show the ambiguity inherent in it. In fact, the poet begins the poem in the conventional mode, but gradually deviates into the language of binary oppositions. Burns further explains the intricacies of love in the second stanza by continuing to play with the theme of time. He is stressing on the depth of his love by asserting that his love will last till the seas go dry: “Till a’ the seas gang dry/ And the rocks melt wi’ the sun” (Burns). Though it is an impossible possibility, he wants to establish the desire for eternal love, knowing that the life of rose like the length of melody is temporal. The reality of love reminds the readers that in real life the opposite of what the poet says happens. Carrying his theme again into the third stanza, the poet exaggerates that his love will last till the rocks melt away or till the sands of life run: “I will luve thee still, my dear,/ While the sands o’ life shall run” (Burns). From familiar metaphors the poet moves away with metaphors like rocks and sands, which are not familiar. The irony implied here is that the lovers will not be there to witness such an eventuality, as rocks will never melt. Their nearness reminds the lovers of its opposite, of the inevitability of parting. Therefore, the lover promises to come back again, even if he travels ten thousand miles away. The poet, apart from resorting to the metaphors like flower and melody, clearly depicts the process of time in nature by giving emphasis on the change of season, the inevitability of decay, and by showing that parting is also implicit in this process of transition. The human desire is to return to the beloved: “And I will come again, my Luve” (Burns). Thus the metaphors in the poem help the poet in establishing the complex nature of relationship. The transition of an image to the next image looks smooth, like the thought of red rose leading to the thought of melody, both very sweet to the lovers’ senses. It is only when the reader thinks of the binary opposition to which these images take them; the poem attains an extraordinary quality. Otherwise, it remains as an old ballad. In other words, one has to read the poem in the light of the various devices used by the poet. Conclusion The greatness of the poem is in its literariness. The alternating tetrameters and trimesters, with their four and three stressed syllables, add musical greatness to the poem. It was meant to be sung as popular music and love as its central theme meets the taste of the readers. It also reveals the irony of love at the end. Its ability to allow modern literary interpretation is its real success. Reference Burns, Robert. “A Red, Red Rose”. Arthur Quiller-Couch, ed. 1919. The Oxford Book of English Verse: 1250–1900.
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Both authors examine the relations between physical and psychological confinement. It is possible to argue that Faulkner and Gilman show that physical confinement can be primarily explained by psychological or social alienation an individual. This is one of the central themes to which both writers attach importance. However, there is a critical difference that one should identify. In particular, William Faulkner describes the experiences of a person who voluntarily chooses seclusion as a way of escaping reality. In contrast, Charlotte Gilman focuses on the life of a woman forced into isolation by other people. That is the main thesis of this paper. A Rose for Emily and The Yellow Wallpaper: Main Characters First of all, it is essential to examine the experiences of both characters. Both of them are physically isolated from other people. For example, Emily Grierson, who lives in a fictional town named Jefferson, does communicate her neighbors. She decides not to maintain any contacts with her neighbors, even though she is financially dependent on them. One should note that Emily belongs to an old Southern family that was prominent during the Antebellum Period. However, these people cannot adjust to the new social, political, and economic environment. For instance, she says that Colonel Sartoris freed her from taxes without realizing this man died more than ten years ago (Faulkner 527). The narrator describes this person as “a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation” (Faulkner 526). To some extent, this woman is an object of curiosity because of her self-imposed seclusion (Faulkner 527). The main character of Gilman’s story is also isolated from other people. She cannot leave the upstairs bedroom. Moreover, her husband does not let her work or see other people. He only insists that she should stay within the house. This seclusion eventually proves unbearable to her. That is one of the issues that should be taken into account. Furthermore, much attention should be paid to psychological confinement. This issue is particularly important if one speaks about the unnamed narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper. She is denied the opportunity to interact with others. That is one of the reasons why she becomes so obsessed with the patterns of the wallpaper. For example, she believes that these patterns begin to move; moreover, the narrator is convinced that there is some “woman behind” who shakes it (Gilman 735). To some degree, this behavior can be explained by the fact that she cannot communicate with any person except her husband. A similar argument can be made about Emily, whose mental problems manifest themselves thoroughly only after her death. In particular, her neighbors learn that she kept the corpse of her lover in the house. Overall, it is possible to say that these short stories show that physical confinement is closely related to psychological isolation. Furthermore, they eventually result in mental impairments. That is one of the main dangers that people should be aware of. However, several differences should be taken into consideration. First, it should be noted that Emily Grierson is not forced to live in complete seclusion. She does not want to accept the fact that the world of her youth disappeared completely. She kills her lover, Homer, in an attempt to retain him forever. So, by living in isolation, she tries to turn a blind eye to reality. So, her physical isolation originates from her escapism or unwillingness to face the changes undergone by the society. One can say that Emily’s psychological confinement is the central theme which William Faulkner explores. This is one of the details that can be singled out. In contrast, Charlotte Gilman describes a person confined against her will. This short story symbolizes the confinement of women in the domestic sphere. In many cases, they did not have an opportunity to participate in public life. More about The Yellow Wallpaper What Is the Theme of The Yellow Wallpaper? 5 128 What Is the Importance of Irony in The Yellow Wallpaper? 4.7 1146 Why Did John Faint in The Yellow Wallpaper? 4.5 4054 How Does The Yellow Wallpaper End? 5 99 What Happens at the End of The Yellow Wallpaper? 5 1949 In the Yellow Wallpaper, What Was the Relationship between the Narrator and Her Husband? 4.5 2107 As it has been said before, the main character of Charlotte Gilman’s story is not allowed to work. Such situations were prevalent in the nineteenth century. So, her physical and social isolation eventually leads to her insanity. In turn, the author depicts the destructive effects of this ideology on an individual. This is one of the main points that can be made. Conclusion On the whole, these literary works show how different people can struggle with psychological and physical confinement. William Faulkner’s short story indicates that the physical isolation of a person can be explained primarily by social and psychological alimentation. In contrast, Charlotte Gilman pays attention to the feelings of a person whose physical confinement turns into psychological alienation and madness. However, it is important to remember that these writers depict the life of people who are completely separated from public life. These are the main aspects that can be identified. Works Cited Faulkner, William. “A Rose for Emily.” Literature: The Human Experience. Ed. Richard Abcarian, Andrea Lunsford, and Marvin Klotz. New York: Macmillan Higher Education, 2006. 526-533. Print. Gilman, Charlotte. “The Yellow Paper.” Literature: The Human Experience. Ed. Richard Abcarian, Andrea Lunsford, and Marvin Klotz. New York: Macmillan Higher Education, 2006. 729-738. Print.
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The Tampa-Orlando Light Rail System’s Agreements and Disagreement Essay There are many ways of how American business may be improved, and recently, the government came to the conclusion that it was possible to promote the development of appropriate rail systems to meet several professional goals. It is stated that “the train stations are all beautiful, and most are real Antiques and well maintained in daily use” (Letters to Leaders), and if it is possible to improve the connection between different cities and save people’s time and nerves, it is necessary to use such a chance and provide people with more abilities. A not long time ago, there was an announcement from the Obama Administration that “Florida will receive a down payment of $1.25 billion toward the eventual $2.56 billion required to build the project expected to ruLocan by late 2014” (Jackovics). On the one hand, this decision is supported by many citizens as it is a good way to improve their lives. On the other hand, the vast majority of people cannot realize why such huge money should be spent on improvements to rail systems, and other aspects of life are still neglected. The Tampa-Orlando light rail system is one of the most contradictory questions in many spheres; this is why it is so difficult to define its true worth and realize its urgency for the citizens of Florida. According to the plans, the Tampa-Orlando line may run about 84 miles: people get a chance to reach the Orlando International Airport from the downtown of Tampa in 55 minutes (Florida Department of Transportation). This line will be provided with a variety of tools and facilities, and each passenger will be able to enjoy the offered air-conditioned areas for waiting and other services at each station. To support the idea of an improved rail system, people admit that the Tampa-Orlando line is one of the good bases to start various private-public relations and partnership (BocaGrandeTalk). The chosen area in Florida has not seen considerable improvements for a long period, and it seems to be appropriate to get such kind of help and show the citizens how generous governmental care could be. Still, there are several opponents who cannot agree to the fact that billions of dollars have to be spent on rail systems in such poorly populated area in comparison to other places of the USA. One of the Republicans underlines the necessary to “take another look at all of the $10 billion in federal grants awarded by the Obama Administrations for high-speed rail nationally – and specifically money allotted for the nation’s first line” (Napper). There are so many other spheres of life which need some improvements as well as there are many other areas which have to be supported by certain governmental grants. This is why the opponents cannot support the necessity of a rail system that is going to connect Tampa and Orlando. In general, the development of the Tampa-Orlando rail line has many positive as well as negative aspects. Taking into consideration the fact that the main purposes of this line are to improve human lives and save time, it is possible to support the idea and believe in its worth for the citizens. On the other hand, it is hard to believe that there is no other sphere of life that is in need of financial support. This is why it is still necessary to realize a true worth of the chosen suggestion. Works Cited “Fast Facts.” Florida Department of Transportation . 2010. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. Jackovics, Ted. “Local officials look for how high-speed rail can pay off.” TampabayOnline. 29 Jan. 2010. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. “Light rail, electric cars, and the intercity BUS”. Letters to Leaders. 15 Jul. 2010. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. Napper, Robert. “FL: After light rail tax defeat, doubts about Tampa-Orlando high-speed rail light.” The American Independent. May 2010. Web. 9 Dec. 2010. “Tea party vows to put brakes on Florida rail deals.” BocaGrandeTalk . 17 Nov. 2010. Web. 9 Dec. 2010.
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The United Kingdom Health Care System Essay Many countries nowadays are struggling to increase the quality of their health services based on the commonly appreciated need for providing universally affordable care. The primary strategies range from state-paid mechanisms to various insurance schemes. In this regard, it is worth considering the system developed in the United Kingdom, which is entirely different from the one traditionally existing in the United States. The British government provides universal care to all its citizens through the National Health Service, which is fully funded by the state. It is basically free, with co-payments normally applicable only to outpatient prescription drugs (Boudreau, 2019). This ensures a relatively high life expectancy value of 81.3 years, exceeding the European Union average (European Observatory, 2019). Therefore, the National Health Service generally succeeds in its mission of protecting the lives of British citizens. However, the United Kingdom system does not fully offer the gold standard of care for several reasons. The most critical problem is a workforce shortage, resulting in increased waiting times and rationing of specialized treatments (European Observatory, 2019). Such a situation is similar to the one existing in the United States, although it is less dependent on the socioeconomic status of the patient since the state system covers all the expenses. Besides, the removal of pay-for-performance schemes has resulted in a rapid decline in principal care quality indicators (Minchin et al., 2018). These problems reduce the overall efficiency and require substantial funding for their solution. The British National Health Service provides a useful example for evaluating and further enhancing the American system. Some of its principles have already been implemented in the Affordable Care Act designed to ensure universal coverage regardless of the patients’ income. Thus, it is reasonable to admit that the countries with a state-financed health care system played a role in creating this policy. However, the United States still needs to increase care accessibility, especially for those with pre-existing conditions. Therefore, the review of the approach applied by the United Kingdom provides some recommendations that could enhance the American system and drive it towards the gold standard of care. References European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. (2019). State of Health in the EU. United Kingdom: Country Health Profile 2019 [PDF document]. Web. Minchin, M., Roland, M., Richardson, J., Rowark, S., & Guthrie, B. (2018). Quality of care in the United Kingdom after removal of financial incentives . The New England Journal of Medicine, 379 (10), 948–957. Web. Boudreau, R. G. (2019). US universal health care in 2020 . Archway Publishing.
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Education in Africa Overview Research Paper High-quality education enhances the expertise and skills needed in the job market. It gives both the rich and the poor equal opportunities in society. However, in Africa, the standard of education is a subject that has elicited debates over the years, hence warranting the need for further discussions. Education exclusion is an enormous issue in the continent, making some elites desire to establish private schools for their children (World Bank Group, 2018). Therefore, if the recommendations are implemented, it is possible to overcome the issues. Some wealthy Africans seek better education abroad since their countries’ public schools are in deplorable conditions. For instance, average class sizes exceed 70 pupils in Malawi, Tanzania, and the Central African Republic (Bowne et al., 2017). According to Tchamyou (2020), the study of school enrollments between 1996 and 2014 revealed that 20% of African children aged 6 to 11 years and 33% aged 12 to 14 are out of school. Ilie and Rose (2016) who conducted a study in 2015 for UNESCO reveal that the number of primary-aged children out of school in Africa accounts for over 50% of the global total. The 2015’s research by Ilie and Rose (2016) further indicates that young men are more likely to attend higher education than young women in Africa. Studies conducted in 2015 and 2017 by Hakura et al. (2016) and Musau (2018) respectively, indicate that the higher education enrolment is 4% in Africa, due to the high cost of education. The main concern is to address how African learners can access education from other regions after going through their basic training, which is paid for by the government and supplemented by parents. The training of educators is one other issue affecting education quality in Africa. Based on the UNESCO Institute of Statistics of 2020, as conducted by Raikes et al. (2020), only 25% of pre-primary teachers and 50% of secondary school educators are trained. Raikes et al. (2020) further indicate that education exclusion among girls aged 6 to 11 is at 23% compared to 19% among boys and 36% and 32% among adolescent girls and boys. Therefore, through UNESCO records on the percentage of school enrollments, this study will analyze the quality of admission in African schools to examine the reasons for dropouts, including economic factors, early pregnancies, drug use, and political and other social issues. I will make recommendations geared towards overcoming barriers to quality education through policy changes in the region. References Bowne, J. B., Magnuson, K. A., Schindler, H. S., Duncan, G. J., & Yoshikawa, H. (2017). A meta-analysis of class sizes and ratios in early childhood education programs: Are thresholds of quality associated with greater impacts on cognitive, achievement, and socioemotional outcomes? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis , 39 (3), 407-428. Web. Engelbrecht, P., Nel, M., Smit, S., & Van Deventer, M. (2016). The idealism of education policies and the realities in schools: The implementation of inclusive education in South Africa. International Journal of Inclusive Education , 20 (5), 520-535. Web. Hakura, M. D., Hussain, M. M., Newiak, M. M., Thakoor, V., & Yang, M. F. (2016). Inequality, gender gaps and economic growth: Comparative evidence for sub-Saharan Africa . International Monetary Fund. Web. Ilie, S., & Rose, P. (2016). Is equal access to higher education in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa achievable by 2030? Higher Education , 72 (4), 435-455. Web. Momo, M. S., Cabus, S. J., De Witte, K., & Groot, W. (2019). A systematic review of the literature on the causes of early school leaving in Africa and Asia. Review of Education , 7 (3), 496-522. Web. Musau, Z. (2018). Africa grapples with huge disparities in education. Africa Renewal , 31 (3), 10-11. Web. Petroni, S., Steinhaus, M., Fenn, N. S., Stoebenau, K., & Gregowski, A. (2017). New findings on child marriage in sub-Saharan Africa. Annals of Global Health , 83 (5-6), 781-790. Web. Raikes, A., Koziol, N., Davis, D., & Burton, A. (2020). Measuring quality of preprimary education in sub-Saharan Africa: Evaluation of the measuring early learning environments scale. Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 53 (4), 571-585. Web. Tchamyou, V. S. (2020). Education, lifelong learning, inequality and financial access: Evidence from African countries. Contemporary Social Science , 15 (1), 7-25. Web. World Bank Group. (2018). Overcoming poverty and inequality in South Africa: An assessment of drivers, constraints and opportunities . World Bank. Web.
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Income 2. Consumer confidence 3. Wage rates 4. Reference list As far as economics is concerned, interest rate is the cost of capital. On the other hand, it indicates the rate at which a specific borrower will pay the lender. Therefore, it should be known that interest rate is a very important economic indicator. In this case, interest rates show the prevailing economic conditions of a given economy at a particular period of time (Gartner, 2006, p. 23). This means that interest rates have diverse impacts on specific industries. In this case, they can be evaluated by looking at product sales and operating costs. The healthcare industry can be greatly affected by the prevailing interest rates. They might take loans to finance their operations and this means that they have to repay. Whenever interest rates are high, the industry will always pass these costs to consumers and this can be reflected in high prices. In this case, high prices will lead to low product sales (Mishkin, 2004, p. 13). On the other hand, high interest rates can also increase operating costs. This is because they have to finance their loans from the company’s revenues. An industry can have low operational costs if it can acquire loans at low interest rates. Wholesomely, interest rates will dictate the level of investments that can be witnessed in an industry. Interest rates affect the automobile industry in a broad way. Most people and consumers depend on loans to buy automobiles. This means that when interest rates are low, many consumers will buy automobiles and this will translate to more product sales (Gartner, 2006, p. 28). The industries operating costs depend on interest rates that are charged on loans. Low interest rate on loans means that the industry will not spend a lot of money on financing loans and this will reduce operating costs. Income Income levels show the prevailing economic conditions of a given economy. High income levels show that the economy is performing well. Low income levels show that the economy is performing poorly. This is as far as personal incomes and the economy’s income are concerned. The healthcare and automobiles industry affect peoples lifestyle and any income changes are likely to be reflected either positively or negatively. High income means that the healthcare industry will have high product sales based on personal income (Mishkin, 2004, p. 32). This is because people will want to invest in their health. Operating costs can also be reduced by high incomes in a broad way. This is as far as the healthcare industry is concerned. When the industry registers high sales, companies will not spend a lot of money in trying to drive up sales and this means that they will have low operating costs (Gartner, 2006, p. 48). This will therefore make them profitable and sustainable (both in the short term and long term). It should be known that any increase in income will ultimately be reflected in people’s lifestyle. Therefore, the automobiles industry will have high product sales when there is an increase in income (Gartner, 2006, p. 37). The opposite will happen when income reduces. High product sales that are demand driven will reduce the industries operating costs. Low income levels means that the industry will spend a lot in an effort to increase sales and this will be reflected in high operating costs (Mishkin, 2004, p. 52). Consumer confidence Consumer confidence is a very important economic indicator that shows the degree of optimism. This is as far as the general state of the economy and their financial position is concerned. In this case, consumer confidence dictates peoples spending habits and trends (Gartner, 2006, p. 41). It should be known that when the economy expands, consumers will have more confidence and this means that they will make purchases. Therefore, both the healthcare and the automobile industries will register high and increased product sales. This is because consumers will not fear to spend since they will be more positive about their personal finance and the general state of the economy. Wholesomely, consumer confidence can affect the healthcare and the automobile industries operating costs from different perspectives. Because consumer confidence is related with the state of the economy, a high consumer confidence means that there are fewer reservations about various aspects of the economy. This therefore means that the economy is doing well and there are fewer risks as far as doing business is concerned (Mishkin, 2004, p. 48). In the process, both industries will have low operating costs and this is good for profitability. Wage rates An economy’s wage rates show if it is performing well or not. This means that if an economy is creating and generating wealth, it will always reward workers with good wage rates. Therefore, high wage rates will leave people with a good disposable income that they will end up spending on various products and services (Gartner, 2006, p. 62). In this case, as far as the healthcare and automobile industry are concerned, product sales will go up as time goes by. This is because consumers are not worried about tomorrow based on good wages. The opposite happens when consumers are paid low wages because they will only spend their money on urgent needs. Wage is a factor of production and it therefore has an impact on operation costs. When the cost of living goes up, workers will demand high wages and this will increase the industry’s operating costs (Mishkin, 2004, p. 34). Therefore, the healthcare and the automobiles industries will have low and high operation costs depending on the prevailing wage rates in the market. Reference list Gartner, M. (2006), Macroeconomics. New York: Pearson Education Limited. Mishkin, F, S. (2004). The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets. Boston: Addison-Wesley.
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Spreading and Dying from AIDS and the Increasing Spread of the Disease Essay HIV-AIDs-Book Review The problem The world is experiencing a rapid increase in the spread of HIV despite massive campaigns that governmental and non-governmental organizations have taken. Some people are still irresponsible in their sexual behavior. Culture and personality differences are other factors that are increasing the spread of the disease. The dimension of the problem In the developed and developing world, in one way or another, every human being is affected or infected by the diseases, people have lost their loved ones, and they are continuing to duffer the effects of the disease. The economic standing of countries has been affected as the government is spreading a large fortune of its economy in managing and campaigning against the disease. In almost all world countries, the diseases had been a priority especially in the 1990s, the moves were aimed at creating awareness, giving out curative medicine, and managing those people who have been affected and infected. In the efforts of looking for a lasting solution, massive resources have been implemented in research and development policies however these programs have not borne fruits. When medical experts are involved in the management of the disease, it means they divert from the mainline of medical services improvement to fight the vice; this has created a shortage in professionalism and development in other sectors of the medicine world. The medical service sector is constrained in the kind of human and physical resources they have, when the epidemic of HIV came then the system was further constrained and lacked the capacity of catering for the new epidemic victims as well case of other diseases. The economy of countries has been affected by the epidemic; the government is using resources to look for a remedy to the disease; on the other hand, the population of a country is not healthy to produce at maximum rates. The sick in most cases has been the young people with young children and families to take care of, when they are infected with the disease, the dependency rate in the country increases. A country with a high dependency rate has low living standards and the people cannot get quality services offered by the government (Whiteside, 2008). Evaluating evidence In the two chapters, the writer has embarked on offering some statistical and periodical information on the issues at hand, the writer brings the issue from a clear angle, and he illustrates facts and data in a simple form that can be understood by the writer. The effect of the disease varies with nations and continents, he gets into the depth of the matter and the influence it has on the communities and the economies around. When the writer is discussing the way forward, he gives local advice that can be managed at an individual, community, or government level. The role of non-governmental organizations and community workers is well elaborated. two main areas that the writer seems to place much emphasis, abstinence, and being faithful to one’s partner, the writer thinks that HIV can be effectively managed and controlled if the parties involved can play their role. Change of behavior and attitude towards the disease is a move that can be used to solve the problem facing the world. some community cultures that are likely to encourage the spread of the disease, they include cultures that encourage polygamy or mistress, the writer thinks that if the world has to win in the battle against the disease then some cultures need to be done always with. Wife inheritance and culture that encourage promiscuity should be avoided. Type of evidence offered The writer has undertaken wide research on current trends in the epidemic changes, the effects that the disease has had on the global community. To expound on the writer has used statistical, textual, and historical information to show how the disease has caused havoc in the communities and countries. After elaborating on the tread and the probable reasons why the disease seems to be unending, the writer offers some solutions that can be implemented among communities to get a cure to the disease. Data representation and Idiosyncratic The writer has straightforwardly represented the data, there is a free and fair flow of ideas and one point leads to another. He has used graphical and charts to present the data, when discussing an issue, the writer can be seen to have research and developed the ideas and frameworks appropriately using simple approaches and ideologies Can data be interpolated differently? People have different ways of interpolating, analyzing, and making inferences from a text, thus the text can be interpolated in different ways depending on the reader. However, there is one thing coming out strongly, that HIV is threatening humanity, however; people have the solution toward the epidemic (Stolley & Glass, 2009). Conclusion In Chapters 3 and 4, the writer focuses on statistical information on how HIV has affected people in different parts of the world. He also talks about the possible solutions and measures that human beings should take to fight the growing epidemic. The chapters are well structured, researched, and represented. References Stolley, K., & Glass, J. (2009). HIV/AIDS . California: ABC-CLIO. Whiteside, A.(2008). HIV/AIDS: a very short introduction . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Postmodernism and Education Essay Introduction Postmodernism is the word used by sociologists and other scholars to refer to a the intelligence that has developed in the western world. It is a perception that incorporates a varied range of ideas, practices and critical methods that can be regarded as “postmodern”. Postmodernism is the historical period which is seen to follow modernism. Modernity is the development accompanied by a counter practice which is idealistic rather than materialist, and treats the world, including nature, realistically rather than in the materialistic way. Modernization is understanding of the technological dominant of the world. This reflects the current globalization and the technological revolution taking place. Postmodernism is the tradition apparent in displeasure to modernism’s usual custom of beliefs, developing a different method for people trying to find themselves in the world (Barrow & Robin, 1994). What is unique about the postmodern world view in regards to education? Postmodernism is the theory which states that the truth does not exist. Postmodernism asserts that the truth is defined by individual culture and that the truth is relative, not universal. If the truth is defined by culture, then it is not absolute truth because of the changing cultural diversity and faith worldwide. The truth is universal and is not relative truth. The postmodernism is based primarily on the theory of Darwin’s evolution. Postmodernism education is based on the notion that what people believe to be learning, consists of ways of looking at the world by people. Awareness, thoughts and language made by people, are useful to people’s wellbeing not because they are true (Barrow & Robin, 1994). The focus of the classroom in postmodern education consists in the fact that there has occurred a shift from the teacher centered learning being common and widely spread in the system of education, to student centered learning. In postmodernism education students learn and interact in a social setting. Why is postmodernism sometimes claimed to be the negative philosophy? Human nature does not offer any new clue to understanding the world and do not play any role of forming alternative foundation of knowledge. Americas have been the victim of an intellectual and educational oppression that characterizes the culture. The philosophy is negative because if we cannot make judgments as to what is true, then, consequently, it is difficult to improve humanity. Truth cannot be strange (Burbules & Nicholas, 2000). What might postmodern offer to the educational theory? According to postmodern thinking, the purpose of education shifts from teaching theoretical understanding and skills to providing education atmosphere where students construct their own knowledge. A teacher is simply the guide; students get their knowledge on their own. In other words, eacher guides the student “on the side” (Burbules & Nicholas, 2000). The principal of “guide on the side” which emphasizes a group project and individual thought, is the additional setting of postmodernism. Postmodernism has an enormous impact in the field of mathematics. Postmodernism is used to designate new practice of art. The validity of people may be attributed to the objective by a “specific” appeal of the people (Burbules & Nicholas, 2000). Conclusion Living in a discourse of contingency and flexibility we can respect the complicated and deep lives of people we work together with. Postmodernism provides opportunities for Christians to discuss issues amenably to other societies (Burbules & Nicholas, 2000). References Burbules & Nicholas C. (2000). Philosophy of Education : In Routledge International Companion to Education, New York: Routledge. Barrow & Robin. (1994). Philosophy of Education, Analytic Tradition : In The International Encyclopedia of Education, 2nd edition , Oxford: Pergamon Press.
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Unemployment Rates and Value of Houses Research Paper I have carried out analysis and found out that the initial conclusion should be changed. The calculation carried is as follows:- The accompanying table shows the performance of real estate in some states Test the hypothesis that unemployment rate influences house values. Use.05 for the level of significance. We have to use ANOVA table as there are two data samples. Let μ 1 , μ 2 denotes the mean values for 2007 and 2008 respectively. Let the null hypothesis: H 0 : μ 1 = μ 2 against the alternate hypothesis H 1 : μ 1 μ 2 N = 10 n = 2 T = 1.23+1.63+0.92+1.83+1.9+1.2+1.56+0.76+1.32+1.4= 13.75 Correction factor = T 2 / N = 13.75 2 / 10 =18.91 Sum of Squares between column (SSC)= 7.5 2 /5+ 6.41 2 /5 -18.91 =11.25-8.22-18.91= 0.58 Calculated value is 0.58. The tabulated value of F distribution at.05 level of significance for the degrees of freedom V 1 = 5 and V 2 = 5 is 0.50 from the tables. Since the calculated value is more than that of tabulated value, I can conclude that the null hypothesis is accepted and alternated hypothesis rejected. Hence the unemployment rate does not influence housing price. Initially we had concluded that unemployment rates affect house prices however this analysis states otherwise.
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The city is located in the United States of America, on the south side of the country. It offers a lot of interesting entertainment and its embankments are home to magnificent views of the sea. Miami is situated in the southernmost state of the USA – Florida. It is located on the peninsula of the same name, the territory of which is completely part of this region and seems to point its shape towards Cuba located nearby. The coast of this region is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, the Florida Straits, and the Atlantic Ocean. The relief for all the described territories is low-lying, with a few hills (Gallagher & Cattelino, 2020). The city of Miami is the administrative center of Miami-Dade County. This is the largest metropolis situated in the southeast part of the United States. At the same time, it is the second-largest in its state and the eighth in the country. The terrain of this state-territorial unit is characterized by a flat relief. The city is positioned on a plain; moreover, most of it can be found on the coast and on natural and artificially created islands. On the one hand, the territory of the metropolis is washed by the waters of the Atlantic, and on the other, swamps approach it. What can be considered an amazing feature of the city, the swamps, is its gift and, at the same time, a curse (Fraile-Jurado et al., 2021)? A similar statement concerns the fact that Miami is close to the ocean. At the same time, almost the entire city of Miami can flood even a small wave that came here from the ocean. Even in winter, the air temperature can only sometimes drop below 20 degrees. That is why the inhabitants are unlikely to encounter snow in their home state. In the period from May to October, Miami is dominated by the rainy season. At this time, the air at the resort is especially hot and humid, but the stuffiness is relieved by breezes coming here from the Atlantic. Tropical species of plants and animals represent the nature of Miami. For example, you can often see pelicans on local beaches, crocodiles, and alligators in the nearest Everglades Park. In addition, there is a large number of prestigious schools in Miami. The prices paid by students include accommodation (host family, less often – campus), meals, educational materials, school curriculum, and extracurricular activities. The Greater Miami agglomeration has more than 5 million people, putting it in fourth place in the United States (Gallagher & Cattelino, 2020). The city of Miami is home to only 418 thousand of those inhabitants. This is very little, and even in Florida, there is a larger city – Jacksonville. Its history is vividly reflected in the national composition of the metropolis (Schöls et al., 2017). The percentage is strongly dominated by Latin Americans, among them Cubans. The city has gained fame as one of the banking centers of the country. Moreover, transnational, not purely American, financial institutions are most often based here. For example, the concentration of international banks on Bicknell Avenue is higher than anywhere else in the United States. The Miami seaport rightfully occupies a place among the largest on the planet. Offices of many cruise companies are based here, and on the water, you can always see tourist ocean monsters resembling floating cities of luxury. However, the number of homeless people is growing rapidly in US cities, which creates unsanitary conditions on the streets of settlements. Miami, a metropolis in southeastern Florida, is experiencing increased levels of air pollution typical of urban areas. Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere result from traffic congestion, domestic energy consumption, regional ports, industry, electricity generation, and natural sources, including wind-borne salt and sand. Despite the large urban population, the air quality in Miami is higher than in most cities of comparable size due to the geographical location of the coastal peninsula. The number of homeless people in Miami has increased to such an extent that the city has become a competitor to San Francisco regarding the volume of human excrement smeared on the sidewalks. Miami is a multicultural city, but most of the population comes from Latin America, where the driving culture is fairly low. Among the anti-record holders, Florida ranks first. The most dangerous place in the state for pedestrians is the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford area. In conclusion, the advantages of living in Miami include proximity to the ocean, a warm climate, high-level medicine, and nightlife in the area. However, there are a certain number of disadvantages: high humidity, the threat of a tsunami, a large number of homeless people, and a lack of motivation to work. Moreover, Miami has a poorly developed public transport, IT sphere, and low driving culture. In addition, the easy availability of drugs is also a problem. References Fraile-Jurado, P., Villarín, M. C., Leatherman, S. B., & Fernández-Díaz, M. (2021). Alternative approaches to medium-long term sea level rise mapping in Southern Miami Beach (Florida, USA). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science , 255 , 107365. Web. Gallagher, M. F., & Cattelino, J. (2020). Youth, climate change and visions of the future in Miami. Local Environment , 25 (4), 290-304. Web. Schöls, L., Rattay, T. W., Martus, P., Meisner, C., Baets, J., Fischer, I.,… & Schüle, R. (2017). Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type 5: Natural History, Biomarkers and a Randomized Controlled Trial . Brain , 140 (12), 3112-3127. Web.
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Research of the Aerotoxic Syndrome Essay The article explores aerotoxic syndrome, which was discovered relatively recently. The authors of the study explain that toxic fumes are polluted air from aircraft. A substance that is added to aviation fuel to ensure engines wear less can lead to a variety of health-related consequences (Michaelis et al., 2017). Passengers breathe a mixture of usual air coming from outside, which is passed through filters, and air from engines that is pre-cooled but not filtered. These toxic fumes can cause serious health problems and complications. Contaminated air can cause nausea, dizziness, headache, trouble breathing, and can affect vision. The authors provide this background to push the reader to conclude that airline representatives should pay particular attention to the danger of this situation and to stress that additional research is needed. In terms of the study design, the research team carried out two studies to detect a cause and effect relationship. The team investigated the circumstances of the emergence of the syndrome and symptoms observed in the participants. The researchers then categorized symptoms to find a correlation between the pressurized air environment and condition observed in study participants (Michaelis et al., 2017). The statistical analysis was not illustrative enough, given that only 274 pilots were taking part in the survey; therefore, additional research is needed to validate the data that were gathered. The authors concluded that “a clear cause and effect relationship has been identified linking the symptoms, diagnoses and findings to the occupational environment” (Michaelis et al., 2017, p. 198). Despite the limited number of participants, a clear association has been identified, which allows stating the argument made is strong enough and requires further investigation and validation. Reference Michaelis, M., Burdon, J., & Howard, C. V. (2017). Aerotoxic syndrome: A new occupational disease? Public Health Panorama, 3 (2), 198-211.
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Reflective Strategies Analysis Essay Table of Contents 1. What Bucket 2. So What? Bucket 3. Now What? Bucket 4. Situation Analysis 5. References What Bucket Once, during my practice at the Multidisciplinary Team, a person with a venous ulcer was hospitalized in our hospital. It was an older woman, perhaps about sixty years old, who received this injury because of overweight caused by a sedentary lifestyle of the profession. I remember that she often cried because she thought she couldn’t walk anymore. Due to the frequent crying that sometimes turned into a tantrum, she also was experiencing constant headaches and fatigue. The most unusual thing in this situation was that at one point, she stopped crying and began to behave calmly. It was because she realized that the cause of the venous ulcer was her unhealthy lifestyle. It is important to note that this change occurred in just one day. So What? Bucket As part of the treatment, my task was to tell her how to take the necessary medicine. Each time I talked with her, I remembered how I sacrificed my mental and physical health during my student years and professional practice. I felt and interpreted all the fear and pain of this patient (1). Therefore, I decided to also share my personal experience with her to support each other. Now What? Bucket Fortunately, during the treatment, the specialists did not have to resort to surgical intervention. It seems to me that during this time, a kind of spiritual connection has formed between us. It helped both of us understand the importance of personal mental and physical health in terms of the past, present, and future. For me, it was a throwback due to which I began to understand the harm that I unknowingly inflicted on myself over the years. Situation Analysis I believe that the only omission in this situation was the lack of educational support during treatment. Patients can experience incredible stress during treatment because they do not know the nuances of injuries or illnesses. Moreover, this unique experience led me to a specific idea. It is necessary to develop an educational model that, in a simple form, would explain to patients about the complexity of injuries, for example, using videos or infographics on tablets. It will possibly prevent such harmful things as mental breakdowns. References Radja L. Episode 15: What. So what. Now what . 2017. Web.
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Traditional Training Methods Report Knowledge is a vital component of the employees’ performance on the job. Workers should translate the knowledge they learn into their behavior for any traditional training to be helpful. There are three main categories of traditional training methods. These include presentation methods, hands-on training and group building methods. Naturally, any given organization or workplace will benefit from different approaches, as each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Thus, the human resource department selects traditional methods of training depending on how best it meets the critical training needs. Employees are passive recipients of information in presentation training methods. The information comprises of facts, process and problem solving approaches. The main presentation methods include lectures and audio-visual techniques. The trainer uses spoken words to communicate in lecture methods. The learning process is one way in lecture methods. This is from the trainer to the trainees. Lecture methods are less expensive and not time consuming. They are effective when handling a large number of trainees. Lectures can be in the form of student presentations, panels, guest speakers and team teaching. The main forms of audio-visual instructions include videos, slides and overhead. These instructions enhance customer service skills, interviewing skills, communication skills, and illustrate how to follow procedures. Hands on methods encourage the learner to participate in the learning process. The main forms of hands on methods are on the job training, behavior modeling, business games, case studies and simulations. Employees learn by observing their colleagues perform their duties in the on the job training. These includes the self directed learning programs and apprenticeship. Hands on methods are vital in training new employees and teaching experienced employees on new techniques. These methods also assist in carrying out departmental cross-trainings and orienting promoted transferred employees. In self directed learning, employees are responsible for all the learning aspects. The trainer develops the content early and the trainees learn at their own pace. Trainers only come in to respond to questions or evaluate the employees. The method makes use of fewer trainers and consistent materials. Employees get feedback on their performance, and the approach fits in the schedules and shifts of employees. However, trainers must possess intrinsic motivation to be able to learn on their own. The approach is expensive and time consuming. Apprenticeship is a work study training approach of both classroom and on the job learning. Some companies pay employees while learning, and retain them after the apprenticeship period is over. However, there is no guarantee for full time employment. The other form of hands on training is simulation which is a real life representation. The decisions of the trainees show what they would do on the job fro the outcomes. This method is effective in the teaching process and production skills. It also helps in teaching interpersonal and management skills. The other forms of hands on training are case studies, business games, role plays and behavior modeling. Trainers choose the approach depending on the expected learning outcomes. The third category of traditional training methods is the group building methods. This method improves the effectiveness of a team or a group. This entails employees sharing experiences and ideas, understanding interpersonal dynamics, building group identity and learning personal weaknesses and strengths plus those of others. These methods encourage experiential learning. The main forms of group building methods are action learning, team training and adventure learning. The methods are effective in developing team work skills. These include risk taking, conflict management, problem solving and self awareness. Team performance comprises of behavior, knowledge and attitude. Action learning entails giving work groups or teams a real problem, allowing them to solve it, committing to a plan of action and holding the trainees accountable to the execution of the plan. Practical problems include how to develop global leaders, removing barriers between the company and its customers, better utilization of technology and how to change the business. The human resource department should also consider the learning methods to facilitate the transfer of training and learning. The trainer has to evaluate the cost of using each method, and consider how effective the training method is. The most effective traditional training method In my opinion, the most effective training approach is the on the job training. This is a form of hands on training. The reason is that employees learn by observing or carrying out real duties. This method allows employees to acquire relevant experience for performing the duty. The method makes use of progress reports, training manuals, procedure manuals, check lists and lesson plans. The trainers are always available to respond to any questions. This training is effective in meeting training outcomes. The training is relevant in developing a productive workforce. The most ineffective traditional training method The most ineffective traditional training method is the presentations approaches. This is because trainers communicate using spoken words, and there is no practical introduction to the skills. Communication is the only training approach, and employees gain little from the process. An effective training method should expose employees to the real work environment, and presentations do not meet this criterion. This is because they are highly theoretical in their approach. Practice is the best way of achieving the expected learning objectives.
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Daoism in the Culture of Medicine Essay Summary Daoism refers to an ancient religious system that teaches people to live in harmony with Dao (nature). Daoists believe that the Dao is the source of everything in life. The Daoists’ attitude towards life can be seen as yielding to the natural order of things. One of its concepts includes Wei Wu Wei, which implies that people should not try to assert themselves at the will of nature. Yin and Yang is another philosophical model rested on living in unity with two opposing forces. This means that everything in the universe is connected and that nothing makes sense by itself. Contributions of Daoism to Medicine The Daoism ideal has played a major role in the end-of-life decisions, such as life support and palliative care. Comprehending the doctrines of biomedical ethics is significant for health professionals, patients, and their family members. It helps in making decisions about treatment options, like whether to prolong an individual’s life with the support of modern medicine or let the natural death process continue. Failing to adhere to Wei Wu Wei is bound to cause harm both to oneself and to others. For a Daoist patient, natural remedies or herbs are the most appropriate means for pain management (One World, n.d). In addition, contemporary drugs are not prohibited, as long as they can help restore the body’s normal functions. However, when all the medical interventions are no longer beneficial, a patient may allow nature to take its course. The knowledge of Yin and Yang provides a basis for understanding health, including diagnosing and managing sicknesses. In this case, the organs in the human body have either a Yin or Yang property assigned, which may lead to particular illness if they are not balanced (Traditional Chinese Medicine, n.d). For instance, if Yang is heat and Yin is cold, an excess of Yin can lead to hypothermia. In this case, good health may be maintained by balancing Yin (the negative) and Yang (the positive). This concept has enabled healthcare professionals to see their patients as a combination of the physical, psychological, and social environment. Any imbalance of this integral unity can lead to sickness. Therefore, individuals must maintain a harmonious relationship between themselves and their surroundings. This has promoted a holistic care approach to ensure care for all aspects of a patient. Some intervention techniques used include patient education, alternative medicine, and contemporary drugs and surgery. References One World – Nations Online. (n.d). Taoism, Daoism (Chinese: 道教; pinyin: Dàojiāo) . Web. Traditional Chinese Medicine. (n.d). Yin and Yang Theory . Web.
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Non-Profit Marketing Techniques in Healthcare Essay Introduction Marketing techniques differ in the for-profit and non-profit sectors of the health care sector. Nowadays, competition is very strong in the health care industry, and hence the need for marketing strategies to help organizations gain a competitive advantage over competitors. For-profit marketing techniques focus on creating awareness to potential consumers in their target markets and encouraging them to buy. On the other hand, non-profit marketing techniques aimed at encouraging people to give. Therefore, the return on investment differs between for-profits and non-profits. The principles of marketing used by these two remain the same, but the marketing techniques vary. This paper compares and contrasts the marketing techniques between for-profits and non-profits health care organizations. It also describes how one can change a marketing strategy from for-profit marketing to non-profit marketing, for a start-up health care organization that changes its for-profit structure to non-profit status. Comparing of marketing techniques for-profit vs. non-profit organizations According to John Kaegi (group vice president of marketing with BlueShield of Florida), the non-profit health care sectors build their brands quickly and effectively compared to for-profit health care organizations (McPherson, 2008). They do this through advertising campaigns, public education, and engagement of consumers by appealing to their health among other things. For-profit health care organizations utilize their marketing techniques to enhance operations. On the other hand, non-profit healthcare organizations utilize their marketing strategies to help consumers. They also appeal to many different aspects of the market place compared to for-profit health care organizations. In reference to Jeffrey Cowart, (the Chief Marketing Officer of Inova Health System) most of the non-profit health care organizations invest in advertising campaigns with the aims of heightening awareness of the availability of health and wellness classes, and HIV clinics among other subsidized community programs (McPherson, 2008). Unlike for-profit health care organizations, non-profit organizations use surplus revenues to achieve their goals, instead of distributing them as profits. Most of the non-profit organizations are wealthy, and hence not profit-oriented like the for-profit organizations. For instance, the Melinda Gates Foundation and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) are the top two non-profit health care organizations in the US. These two employ non-profit marketing strategies in their operations. These approaches contribute a lot to their fame, globally. Melinda Gates Foundation, for example, is famous for its humanitarian efforts and scholarships to fund minority students (Wymer, Knowles & Gomes, 2006). HHMI is known for its efforts to fund research for scientists in the US. These are examples of the marketing strategies non-profit organizations use to gain a competitive edge. The non-profit and for-profit marketing strategies have overlapping goals. However, their primary concerns vary. For instance, the marketing techniques for non-profit health care organizations are mission-oriented, whereas those of for-profit organizations are profit-oriented (Sciulli & Bebko, 2005). The non-profit health care organizations create value in their target audiences and hence enhance civilization. They not only provide services to them but also develop citizenship skills. They also produce strong networks (Eikenberry & Kluver 2004). Both organizations employ the same media in their advertising campaigns. For instance, they use online, print media, radio, and TVs in their advertisements. They also employ the same methods to ensure that they meet the needs of the consumers. For instance, they employ marketing mix, branding, positioning, target market identification, PR, and advertising among others (Wymer, Knowles & Gomes, 2006). However, what they advertise differs from one another. The marketing strategies of non-profit and for-profit health care organizations also differ in terms of customer satisfaction. The marketing strategies of the latter assume that customers need to buy products or services to satisfy their needs. On the contrary, the marketing strategies of non-profit organizations recognize the need of consumers, and hence lay options to help them curb or meet their needs through the donation of time, cash, goods, and services (Hall, 2008). References Eikenberry, A. M., & Kluver, J. D. (2004). The Marketization of the Nonprofit Sector: Civil Society at Risk? Public Administration Review, 64 (2), 132-140. Hall, M. (2008). Non-profit Health Care Services Marketing: Persuasive Messages Based on Multidimensional Concept Mapping and Direct Magnitude Estimation. Health Marketing Quarterly, 26 (3), 165-82. McPherson, B. (2008). Dialogue: Advertising by Nonprofit Health Care Organizations. Inquiry-Excellus Health Plan , 45 (3), 256-262. Sciulli, L. M., & Bebko, C. (2005). Social cause versus profit-oriented advertisements: an analysis of information content and emotional appeals. Journal of Promotion Management , 11 (2/3), 17-36. Wymer, W., W., Gomes, R., & Knowles, P., A. (2006). Nonprofit marketing: Marketing management for charitable and nongovernmental organizations . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publ.
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“Living with Less. A Lot Less” by Graham Hill Essay (Article Review) The author’s main claim consists in the fact that less consumerism is good. Indeed, people are too obsessed with material values that prevent them from cognizing the essential aspects of happy and ethically right life. At this point, the author’s thesis is correct because most of the materialistic tendencies distort people’s perception of life purposes. At the same time, some evidence is too broad to build a cause-and-effect chain explaining the negative influence of technological advancement on the quality of human life. This is of particular concern to the items of material culture that signify symbolic importance. To enlarge on the argument and make more effective, the author provokes emotional appeal to the readers. The author successfully appeals to personal experience to uncover the realities and underscore the validity and ethicality of his argument. Specific attention should be paid to a detailed description of his previous house and its comparison to his current apartment in which the minimum of items are presented to sustain a normal lifestyle. His personal experience is closely intertwined with facts and evidence he has found during observations and personal endeavors. While describing situations form life, the author refers to an emotionally colored language to highlight people’s excess focus on stuffing their houses. At the very beginning of the article, the author provides a detailed description of what he had before he sold all the things from his previous apartment. In subsequence passages, the author explains what made him abandon his “consumerist” lifestyle. In such a way, the author underlines the detrimental effects of stuffing dwelling with unnecessary gadgets (Hill 1-2). Such a presentation does not contradict ethical beliefs. By focusing on consumerist clichés to which people get accustomed, the author states, “the thing I consumed ended up consuming me”. Such a statement personifies material things and places them on the foreground. Consumerist terms are also used to describe the world in which contemporary society lives, including such phrases as “socioeconomic bracket”, “a world of surfeit stuff”, and “shopping opportunities”. By calling things as “inessential” “consuming”, leading to “antisocial” and “aberrant” behavior, the author once again appeals to the target audience overwhelmed with material welfare (Hill 1-2). All these phrases serve to underline the seriousness of the problem and make the readers refer to their personal experience. What is more important is that the material world in which people live prevents them to pay more attention to spiritual and cultural values which are much more important for people. In fact, could computers, iPhones, and high-tech apartment replace the pleasure of communicating with friends? Certainly, they could not. Most of these items call for the revival of authentic ethical values. To amplify the seriousness of the problem and uncover the validity of the claim, the author gives an example of the percentage of mothers and housewives suffering from depression because of the excessive concern with their belongings. Additionally, Hill provides a chronological account on the size of American homes within 50 years limit to prove that the average square of houses has been increased (2). Proposing concrete sums of money also expands the readers’ understanding of the evident shifts in perceiving our space. Similar approaches are used while presenting the statistics of the food that was consumed and the one that has been wasted. In addition to numerical data, the author relies on credible organization and scientists, including the Natural Resources Defense Council, Congress, and representative of Northwestern University (Hill 2). Logical deductions from these facts have been presented effectively because the author manages to introduce a multi-dimensional analysis of the consequences of consumerist culture in the United States, as well as environmental, political, and social effects it has on human behavior. Author’s authoritative voice also contributes to the development and elaboration of the argument. His expert knowledge on technology and innovation convince the readers more of the uselessness of the stuff they bring in to their home because it does not contribute to their moral welfare. By enumerating various gadgets he possessed, as well as defining their functional importance, the author explains how these gadgets could be used for estimating the value that people assign to them. In particular, the author states, “I bought a four-story, 3,600-square-foot, turn-of-the-century house…brand-new sectional couch …ton of gadgets, like an Audible.com Mobile Player…and an audiophile-worthy five-disc CD player” (Hill 1). All these descriptions and terms enhance the credibility of the article and make readers confine in the validity of the content and effectiveness of the claim. In conclusion, the author has managed to prove that consumerism has a detrimental effect on human awareness of ethical and spiritual values in life and, therefore, this claim is effective. By introducing numerical data and enumerating credible organizations, the author has successfully managed to describe how his personal experience and observations allowed him to make the corresponding assumptions. The article also provides a great number of figures and statistics that support the claim in terms of the negative impact of consumerism on people’s lifestyle. Reliance on scientific resources and research studies also contributes to the reliability of the author’s hypotheses and conclusions. Successful use of personal experience and expert knowledge in different fields enhance the argument and creates new perspectives for analyzing the problem. Specifically, it is purposeful to reconsider the new tendencies in designing buildings and analysis of the functionality of the products that people buy. Works Cited Hill, Graham. “Living with Less. A Lot Less” . Sunday Review. 2013. Web.
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Agenda-Setting and the Presidential Election Essay The mass media is the most influential way to affect the public’s vision of the definite problem or situation because all the important global and local events are framed and discussed by the mass media according to the journalists’ visions. Thus, people learn that these issues and events are important because the mass media pay attention to them. As a result, the public is inclined to form its opinion in relation to the information and viewpoints presented by the media. The mass communication’s function of forming the public’s opinion and drawing the people’s attention to the definite issues is known as agenda-setting. The role of agenda-setting becomes really significant in the situation of the presidential elections when voters focus on the issues which are not only important for them personally but also promoted as significant by the mass media. Thus, it is important to discuss the effects of the mass media agenda-setting on the voters’ opinion basing on the example of the US presidential elections in 2012. Citizens always know what social, economic or political issues are important for them and what issues require their further discussion. However, it is important to note that priorities in relation to this or that issue are often determined not by the public but by the mass media (Baran, 2013). The accentuation of the certain issues in the candidates’ campaigns with the help of the mass media can affect the voters’ attitude to the definite problems significantly. Thus, during the candidates’ campaigns in 2012, it was important to balance between the most controversial issues of the foreign policy and the role of the USA in regulating the conflicts over the globe or participating in them and the economic question which was more important for the public according to their own visions ( Presidential debates , 2012). From this point, the coverage of these issues in the mass media varied in relation to the public’s moods toward the candidates. However, the process was interdependent because definite provocative issues associated with the economic life or foreign policy accentuated according to the mass communication’s visions. Thus, it was almost impossible to ignore the emphasis made by the media on these two issues which became even more obvious during the candidates’ debates. The mass media is the effective tool to portray candidates and their positions in the definite light. The approaches used by the mass media to discuss the candidates’ positions and current issues can be different according to the goals of the media (McCombs, Shaw & Weaver, 1997). The problem is in the fact that voters can conclude about the positions and programs of the candidates only basing on the information presented in the media. There are no direct ways to learn about the candidates’ visions even when they participate in debates because the discussion is affected by the situation of televised debates. As a result, all the information provided in the mass media is filtered, and the accents are made according to the needs of the media. For instance, many female voters, especially in the swing states, concentrated on the issue of abortion during the debates of 2012 because this issue was effectively accentuated in the states’ and local media ( Women in swing states, 2012). It is possible to speak about the importance of this issue for women in the USA, but it is also necessary to pay attention to the context in which the issue was presented by the media during the campaigns. The importance of the issue is often determined with references to the frequency of discussing it in the news. For instance, if unemployment is the problem which can be observed by the public in relation to the everyday life, the questions of the foreign policy can be discussed by citizens only with references to the news. Thus, the information presented in the mass media during the elections’ campaigns of 2012 affected the voters’ attitudes and their priorities. Healthcare and Medicare issues were the key questions for discussions in the media during the first part of 2012. Many problems associated with the issues were not solved during the year. However, these topics were inactively discussed in the news during the second part of the year. The accents were made on unemployment, economy, and taxes. As a result, the voters made their decisions with references to their sharing the position of this or that candidate in relation to these issues ( Obama leads in three crucial swing states, 2012). However, the problematic question with Medicare was not resolved and was still urgent, but not discussed in the media. The points which were actively discussed in the news during the second part of the year became the key issues influential for the development of the candidates’ campaigns. Voters can be significantly influenced in their choices by the mass media because of the impossibility to analyze the positions of the candidates without references to any mass communication. Thus, the role of mass media agenda-setting is significant because the public receives the opportunity to determine the importance of social, political, and economic issues only according to this concept. References Baran, S. J. (2013). Introduction to mass communication: Media literacy and culture . New York, NY: McGraw Hill. McCombs, M.E., Shaw, D.L., & Weaver, D.L. (1997). Communication and democracy: Exploring the intellectual frontiers in agenda-setting theory . USA: Routledge. Obama leads in three crucial swing states . (2012). Web. Presidential debates . (2012). Web. Women in swing states have gender-specific priorities . (2012). Web.
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Philosophy of Religion. Mysticism and Evidence Essay The problem of mysticism in a religion is the matter of serious and never-stopping discussion. It is the way to socialize. Also, it is an opportunity for self-realization. People do like to be original once they had touched upon something sacral. It concerns the Higher Power that can come upon people for them to deliver definite message allegedly from God. In this respect the readings represented in this paper discuss the mystic and non-mystic features of religion. In this respect people tend to believe in the truth of God’s messengers and their lives, as an etalon for other to inherit. Thus, there is a sticking point in understanding whether truth-claims in each case provide mysticism or just used to manipulate peoples’ minds. Exploring the philosophy of religion as something transcendent and open for sincere people, one should bear it in mind that the human factor is the point to criticize. In this case Bertrand Russell once said that abnormality in understanding religious treatises is the fact that human beings expressly differ in their viewpoints (Stewart 27). The next step for those trying to convince the public in the truth of their statements is to make it quite mystical and going apart with sound-mindedness. The story of Dave Davies impresses by the essence of some intelligences (Davies 2). It is particular that religion and truth-claims may contradict each other. However, both now and always there are people who are apt at filling minds full of non-mystical reality with mysticism. The example of Kabir is suitable here. “It would follow that there are two kinds of religion: the genuine religion of the mystics and the secondhand religion of the rest of mankind” (Stewart 26). This is true when pointing out that some people are trying to show their sophisticated attitudes toward the mystical setting of features. Jonathan Edwards was trying his entire life to go another way in applying mysticism of religion to scientific explanation of it (Gura and Wang 6). His intellectual approach makes sense in understanding the universe and in criticizing outstanding philosophers of his time. The latter, namely Locke, Newton, etc., were inclined to teach people “to observe and understand the world differently, through empirical investigation” (Gura and Wang 6). However, the question is that inquisitive mind of a man wants to go beyond the reality of material world. It is because in every human being there is an inclination to lean toward everlasting life. Thus, mystical constituent of a religion should provide points on attractiveness. It is permanently seen on the extract from Kabir’s poem: Within the Supreme Brahma, the worlds are being told like beads: Look upon that rosary with the eyes of wisdom (Kabir 2). Truth-claims of mystics count cannot be totally accepted by people due to the point that there is no agreement on what one should consider as mysticism (Stewart 35). This is why everything claimed by mystics should be taken into consideration and never judged negatively. It is for those who became addicted to what mystics state to do. Mysticism is based on a variety of phenomena in each religion that were changed historically. Thereupon, experience, phenomenology and historical approach are the areas which count against accepting the truth-claims of mystics(Stewart 36). This standpoint is scientifically as well as philosophically verified by means of theoretical reasoning and practical examples. Work cited Davies, Dave. Kink: An Autobiography. New York: Hyperion, 1996. Gura, Philip F. and Wang, Hill. Jonathan Edwards: America’s Evangelical; Hill and, 2005, NY, NY. Kabir Poems. Web.
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Self Critique regarding an Informative speech on Hybrid Cars Essay The choice of topic for presentation clearly demonstrates a lack of understanding and awareness of the topic of discussion by the audience in terms of analysis of the audience. This is because the audience is composed of an aging or old people. The choice of topic is inappropriate for this kind of audience. It can be argued that the old people have no interest at all, in terms of learning about hybrid cars. This is because they are too old to implement or apply the knowledge being presented. As a result, this kind of presentation would have been appropriate for a younger and adventurous audience. The organization of the presentation has been achieved well. Presentation was characterized by clear introduction of the topic through the use of a clearly outlined statement that captured the attention of the audience (Beebe & Beebe 232). The use of a “hook” was appropriate for this presentation since it excited interest of the audience towards the topic. The opening statement presents a statistical worry regarding the high fuel consumption rate of cars in the current society. This acts well to alarm the audience concerning the amount of energy and resources that are being wasted through excessive fuel consumption by cars. The thesis statement has been supported through outlining of further information to give evidence that the fuel consumption of regular cars is higher that the proposed hybrid cars. Information regarding the extent of pollution that is propagated by regular cars, as well as, the resultant effects on over 50 million people, gives support to the thesis statement. In addition, an argument concerning how the hybrid cars would reduce the amount of pollution, as well as, fuel consumption rates gives more support to the thesis statement in the presentation. The content of the presentation is clear. This is because the presentation openly focuses on point-to point delivery without giving any irrelevant information related to the subject matter. The information presented is quite original since it consists of well researched and displayed texts. The use of supporting materials such as a graph showing the distribution of pollution rates in the society, gives the content more concreteness that increases the confidence of the audience regarding the validity of the information presented. Additionally, accurate citations have been done in the presentation thus increasing the correctness of the information presented. Presentational aids have been used accordingly in speech presentation. The use of a Television Visual display is accurately significant for the topic of presentation. This is because, the topic is about hybrid cars which requires visual aids to allow the audience to get proper grasp of the subject matter. However, the visual aids used are inappropriate for the audience. Since the audience is composed of old people in a wheel chair, it would be proper to use more visible materials for presentational aid. This is because old people lack proper eyesight. As a result, the use of Television aids is highly inappropriate. The delivery of the presentation was phenomenal. This was characterized by eye contact with audience in the midst of speech, use of gestures, considerable movements during explanation, appropriate facial expression, and audibility. In conclusion, it can be deduced that the speech accomplished its purpose. This is because it was interesting and contained relevant information that clearly helped to support the thesis statement. Works Cited Beebe, Susan, and Beebe Steven. Public speaking handbook (3rd ed) . Boston: Pearson Education, 2010. Print.
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The Industrial Revolution Changes and Effects Report Abstract Based on the video, this essay provides an overview of the changes, reasons, and effects of industrial revolution in Britain. Industrialization is the process of transforming an agrarian society into an industrial society due to economic and social changes. The essay elaborates on how better machinery was used to replace human labor. The video depicts the series of events that led to industrial revolution in Britain. The video also provides a grasp of the reasons that led to early industrial revolution and the accompanying changes that had significant influences on the Britain society. Analysis of the Video Changes that took place during Industrialization The video reveals that several changes took place during the industrial revolution in Britain. Firstly, the beginning of industrialization led to establishment of factories to process raw materials such as cotton and wool. This situation led to massive employment of workers in the factories. The video also shows that there was introduction of new trends such as skilled labor and replacement of women with men in the workforce. In addition, it is evident that there was emergence of new types of jobs in the field of engineering. Engineers specialized in handling special types of work such as manufacturing and repair of machinery. The establishment of new factories was accompanied by the introduction of new machinery to replace human labor. This state of events led to mass production of goods. Consequently, there was a shift in production costs since the new systems were more efficient. As a result, the Britain society gained access to cheap goods. New towns also emerged near factory sites and coal mining centers. Reasons why Britain was the first to undergo Industrialization Various reasons led Britain to pioneer industrial revolution. At the outset, Britain had developed reliable technology that enabled the use of power sources such as coal, water, and wood. Furthermore, the country had a ready market for finished products. Although some of the products were still available in the neighboring countries, Britain industrialized first due to its newfangled ethics and attitude towards industrial revolution. Duiker and Spielvogei (2004) reveal that Britons had developed a modern work attitude, sense of education, and restructured government. The availability of educated workforce to run the factory machines underpinned the industrialization process. Furthermore, the Britain society had developed a transformed attitude towards work. Therefore, the right people were employed in the factories. The government also supported the new system by providing ideas and financial support (Duiker & Spielvogei, 2004). Journal How the Changes in Society and Culture Affected Me Industrialization has affected my life in various ways. At the outset, the inevitability of change affected all the members of the society. The industrial revolution has led to division of people into upper, middle, and working classes. These classes vary depending on factors such as wealth, power, and education. The upper class consists of very rich individuals and families while the middle class comprises professionals and businesspersons. The working class consists of both skilled and unskilled individuals who work under certain payment agreements that are set in the factories (Benson, 2014). However, my education level has enabled me to secure a managerial position in the engineering department of a textile factory. This situation places me in the middle class since I am a manager in the firm. The upper and middle classes are well off and have the ability to meet the expenses of both basic and luxurious needs. However, the working class individuals have a lower standard of living than the upper and middle classes. As a result, the working class individuals are exposed to unhealthy living conditions (Ashworth, 2014). The Life of Middle-Class during Industrialization As aforementioned, this class consists of professionals and businesspersons. On my part, I am an engineer in a textile industry. Although I am not superbly rich like the upper-class individuals, I enjoy better living conditions than the working class. Mainly, the middle class consists of wealthy merchants and professionals who are in charge of the factories. In the wake of industrialization, technology has greatly advanced. This situation has increased the number of factories that have created more opportunities for both the middle and the working class. The factory system has led to setting up of new factories that requires professionals such as engineers and factory managers. Mostly, members of the middle class are concerned with accumulation of wealth. Furthermore, development of the technology in the factory system has resulted in mass production. Usually, men in the middle-class families go to work while women and children stay at home. Children from these families have access good living environment, education, and healthcare. Finally, yet importantly, the middle class is characterized by the possession of a sense of superiority since individuals who belong to this class are mostly in charge of the working class (Ashworth, 2014). Conclusion The video provides concise details of the events that unfolded during the initial stages of the industrial revolution in Britain. As evidenced in the video, the changes that accompanied industrialization were because of technological advancements that emerged during this period. The effects of the industrial revolution are still evident in the modern Britain society. The industrial revolution founded the framework for modern industrial processes in Britain. As a result, Britain remains one of the highly industrialized countries internationally. Reference List Ashworth, W.J. (2014). The British Industrial Revolution and the Ideological Revolution: Science, Neoliberalism, and History. History of Science, 52 (2), 178-99. Benson, M. (2014). Trajectories of middle-class belonging: The dynamics of place attachment and classed identities. Urban Studies , 51 (14), 3097-3112. Duiker, W., & Spielvogei, J. (2004). The Essential World History . London: Routledge.
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Introduction 2. Unemployment and punishment 3. Juvenile delinquency 4. Conclusions 5. References Introduction During the last decade there has been an ongoing debate on the influence that certain ‘subjective’ factors have on court sentences. Many authors argue that the juridical system is influenced by certain subjective factors in its decision making process. Evidence shows “that juvenile offenders in adult court are sentenced more severely than their young adult counterparts”. (Kurlychek & Johnson, 2004) Other evidence shows also “a significant, strong and independent impact of unemployment on pretrial and post sentencing incarceration” (Chiricos & Bales, 1991). Unemployment and punishment Various authors have tried to prove that labor market marginality is a factor that influences court sentencing. They argue that combined with other factors, such as race, it becomes clearly a determining factor. Nevertheless, the data available have been considered not to be conclusive. Chiricos and Bales undertook in 1991 a research in order to assess the relationship between labor market marginality and court sentencing. They performed a multivariate logic and an ELS evaluation for this purpose. The study was conducted by selecting felons on a random sampling basis. Differentiating from their predecessors they tried to look at the impact unemployment had on the entire criminal justice process. Thus, they analyzed outcomes in relation to prosecution, incarceration and (in/out) and length of incarceration.The study found that from the interaction of race and unemployment “the greatest likelihood of incarceration is for unemployed black defendants, especially those who are young males or charged with violent and public order crimes” (Chiricos & Bales, 1991). Juvenile delinquency Another problem was that juvenile delinquents were treated more severely than young adult offenders. In 2004 Kurlychek and Johnson undertook a study on this purpose.In the beginning of the 1990’s 49 states and the District of Columbia expanded the provisions by which juveniles could reach adult courts.These provisions allowed that based on prior criminal history and in consideration of the current offense, they could be transferred for trial in adults courts. Thus, it is important to better understand the criminal processing and sentencing outcomes for this category (Kurlychek & Johnson, 2004). They found that juvenile status interacted and influenced other sentencing factors such as type of offense, severity and prior criminal history. Thus courts were more eager to punish juveniles more severely than young adults. The figure below shows how juvenile status influences sentencing. Conclusions There are many subjective factors which influence court sentencing. Two of them are juvenile status and unemployment. Of course, these factors do have a stronger effect combined together and with other factors such as race and ethnicity or religion. References Chiricos, Th. & Bales, W. (1991).”Unemployment and punishment: an empirical assessment.” Criminology, vol. 29, no. 4. Kurlychek, M. & Johnson, B. (2004). “The juvenile penalty: a comparison of juvenile and young adult sentencing outcomes in criminal court”. Criminology, vol. 42, no. 2.
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Seven years in Tibet Essay (Movie Review) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Emotionally powerful segment and why 3. Analysis 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction The film plays a big role in exploring one’s spirituality. This is mainly because it conveys spiritual transformation that is usually witnessed in religion. Henrich Harrer undergoes spiritual transformation as well as enlightenment in order to set a side his ego and narcissism. The protagonist abandons his pregnant wife for a mountain climbing expedition in Nanga Parbat. However, this expedition fails. This is followed by World War II, in which Harrer is imprisoned at India’s POW camp (because he is an alien enemy). However, Harrer escapes to Tibet (Holy city of Lhasa) where he meets the young Dalai Lama who ends up transforming his life. Unfortunately, the Chinese army invades Tibet and kills its peaceful people before signing an agreement that deny them sovereignty. At the end, he returns home a changed man after undergoing a life changing experience with Dalai Lama. This reaction paper will describe a segment of the film that was emotionally powerful as well as analyze meaning of the film (Brussat and Ann 1). Emotionally powerful segment and why The most emotional part of this film starts when Harrer agrees to teach Dalai Lama western ways in exchange for lessons in compassion, slowing down as well as humility. This emotional segment is further stirred by the invasion of Tibet by Chinese army that kills peaceful people. Interestingly, little resistance is observed from the peacefully principled Tibetans. These events soften Harrer’s heart as he sympathizes with the Tibetans and their reaction to invasion. Moreover, he starts to long for his unseen son and wife, after abandoning them earlier. This shows a huge transformation in his life. The segment is quite emotional because Harrer was known to be an egocentric man with focus only to himself. However, an interaction with the young Dalai Lama transforms him into a loving, sympathetic and caring person. Analysis Harrer abandons his wife and unborn son for egocentric motives to achieve mountain climbing dreams. However, he comes back a changed man with a longing for his wife and son. Moreover, he comes back as a gentle and transformed person. This is quite strange given that such expectations were unimaginable. Clearly, this shows that human heart can be transformed. Moreover, this can transpire in his actions. His ego and pride diminishes after an emotional as well as tragic experience in Tibet. This happens after he fails to achieve his dream of climbing Nanga Parbat of the Himalayas. From this, it can be seen that once a source of pride is taken away, one is denied the outright opportunity to pursue his/her ego. Added to this, Harrer’s imprisonment turns his situation into desperation. Moreover, when peter falls in love with Pema, he becomes lonely and longs for his family. At this state, he finds peace in his young friend Dalai Lama who teaches him the ways of peace, compassion and humility. Besides, he is astonished and sympathetic to the Tibetans who are invaded yet they are peaceful. All these events work to transform him into a peaceful man. Conclusion Harrer is transformed into a gentle, humble and compassionate man after witnessing all the events in Tibet. His relationship with Dalai Lama is also seen to be the turning point of this transformation. However, for this to be achieved, he is first denied the source of his pride and compassion (mountain climbing and friends). It can therefore be seen that egocentric people need to be denied their source of pride to slow them down and transform them into gentle ones (Brussat and Ann 1). Works Cited Brussat, Fredric and Ann, Mary. Spirituality and practice: Seven years in Tibet . 2009. Web. < https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/972 >.
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Existential Themes in “Nausea” by Jean-Paul Sartre Essay One of the main existential topics of Nausea is Sartre’s idea that existence comes before essence. Based on this belief, Sartre describes the moments when Roquentin tends to differentiate between the physical world and human consciousness. In other words, subjectivity is one of the major characteristics of the reality as it is up to the human brain to provide the objects and the surrounding reality with meaning. Sartre describes this idea as follows in Nausea: “Black? The root was not black, there was no black on this piece of wood – there was… something else: black, like circle, did not exist” (176). The existence of something comes prior the realization of its essence. The concept of freedom is also one of the main themes in Nausea. Freedom to choose one’s actions and do whatever a human being wants is one of the fundamental rights, according to Sartre. Roquentin desires to have such a freedom but realizes that it is only one part of the concept, according to which freedom is interrelated with responsibility. In other words, people have to be responsible for what they do. Sartre saw a substantial limitation for human beings based on this idea. “I am free: there is absolutely no more reason for living … this freedom is like death” (Sartre 150). Freedom is pointless without meaning. The theme of contingency is another topic worthy of attention. In Nausea, Sartre shares his views regarding the idea that life is pointless by itself. In other words, living is not a purpose of a human being that explains the existence. Roquentin states: “My thought is me: that’s why I can’t stop. I exist because I think… and I can’t stop myself from thinking… If I exist, it is because I am horrified at existing” (Sartre 156). The main character realizes that thinking is existence, so living requires thinking and thus, a human being is not free in this choice if one wants to have a meaningful life. The theme of absurdity is present in Nausea to reflect the controversy of existence if the conscious of Roquentin should determine his existence. In other words, why Roquentin lives if only the understanding of purpose provides living with meaning. The main character is in the trap of this absurd, and he thinks about killing himself. However, according to his perfect logic, he is already dead as he does not determine his existence, having no clear idea what to live for. Roquentin thinks: “But even my death would have been in the way [superfluous]” (Sartre 181). Camus, instead, stood for the idea that absurd in life should make a man live his life rebelliously withstanding the initial meaningless of life, so favored by Sartre. Finally, the indirect neglecting of God’s existence is present in Nausea as well. The ideas that life has no meaning and that only a man can determine his existence assume that there is no power to guide a man’s actions. “The sylphs all round me have let themselves be taken in: they only see the thin film, which proves the existence of God. I see beneath it!” (Sartre 183). By this concept, Sartre emphasizes the superiority of will above everything else, as only guided by will, a man can live meaningfully. Otherwise, suicide is the only choice, as Roquentin wanted but decided not to since he is already dead in some meaning. Works Cited Camus, Albert. The Modern Classics Myth of Sisyphus . London: Penguin Modern Classic, 2013. Print. Sartre, Jean-Paul. Nausea . New York: New Directions Publishing, 2013. Print.
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Clearly, the public trust in the company has been violated, and efforts that exceed a standard apology were taken. However, public trust is not easily regained. The new long-term strategy will be required to alleviate the issue and get over the crisis. Given the fact that such scandals are usually sudden and cannot be pre-planned, emergency business mechanisms need to be activated (Taylor, 2003). Such a situation means an additional load of work for financial analysts who need to define how much Apple will lose as a result of the scandal. Consequently, the current budget estimates need to be recalculated. All these responsibilities are paralleled with day-to-day operation tasks, which marks the need for prioritization of one over another. Additional workload often means loss of productivity due to fatigue, stress, stricter deadlines, and other things, which, essentially, undermines performance. Among other things that might undermine Apple’s conduct are the legal cases against it. According to different sources, Apple’s scandal will be accompanied by mass legal actions by a variety of companies and individuals (Palmer, 2018; Tsukayama, 2017; Paresh, 2017). Since the company already publicly acknowledged the fact of willingly slowing down older smartphones without customer’s knowledge, most of these cases can be expected to be lost. Legal loses often mean that financing of new projects, research and development can be put into jeopardy. Consequently, for Apple as an IT company falling behind in innovation and technology could mean poor performance on the market. Lessons to be learned The main lesson to be learned from this situation is the importance of integrity. Any service provided by a company needs to be as transparent as possible, especially for a huge company such as Apple. Willful non-disclosure of the information that can potentially lower the quality of customer’s experience is the matter that courts in the U.S. and abroad take seriously. The reputational damage and financial loses can be rather unpredictable depending on the scale of media coverage and actions of the company officials. However, it is widely believed that possible gains in demand can be outweighed by such disastrous consequences (Taylor, 2003). Another valuable lesson is that no matter how noble the cause is, customers should know that the product they buy meets the specifications listed. Apple’s main argument against the accusations was that the company had in mind the stability of the device when slowing down the performance (Leswing, 2017; Kulwin, 2018). Again, the courts will likely to ignore such an intention and focus on the concealment instead. The implications for the whole industry here are disastrous as it becomes evident that one of the major players had indirectly forced users to buy new models to compensate the performance loss. Other producers, if they have the same policy are faced with the choice of either concealing it better or come clean now. For a customer, the key takeaways are to be always alert for possible flaws of the products they buy and report them as soon as possible. Had this issue surfaced sooner, Apple fans could save millions of dollars on upgrading their “slow” and “outdated” smartphones. In addition, scandals like these can help make the IT industry more transparent. References Taylor, B. (2003). Corporate Governance: the crisis, investors’ losses and the decline in public trust. Corporate Governance: An International Review , 11 (3), 155-163. Tsukayama, H. (2017). Apple will offer discounts on replacement batteries, following lawsuits over iPhone slowdowns. Washington Post . Web. Paresh, D. (2017). Apple faces lawsuits after saying it slows down aging iPhones. Reuters . Web. Leswing, K. (2017). Tim Cook needs to take responsibility for Apple’s battery scandal. Business Insider . Web. Kulwin, N. (2018). Apple’s iPhone slowdown scandal is now a full-blown federal investigation, report says. Vice News . Web. Palmer, A. (2018). Apple faces at least 60 lawsuits in wake of iPhone throttling scandal. Daily Mail. Web.
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Economic Freedom and Its Recent Statements Essay Trends in the modern world imply the idea of economic freedom, income mobility, and system transparency. The globalization of political and economic relations is actively going on; therefore, collecting and analyzing information for further actions is required. Economic freedom is an important indicator and benchmark for the level of income of companies or individual citizens of a country. It also gives an idea of the standard of living in a country and freedom in economic activity. Economic freedom is closely related to income mobility and standards of living. If a person has low earnings and poor housing conditions, then with a rigid corruption system that artificially restricts economic freedom, they have practically no chance of increasing their income. The report shows that the first places of economic freedom belong to Singapore and Hong Kong (Gwartney et al.). These countries have one of the lowest levels of economic inequality and mobility among residents, regardless of their social status. The difference in income may still be quite significant, but much less than in the Democratic Republic of the Congo or Venezuela, which are at the bottom of the list. The United States ranks 6th in the new Economic Freedom (Gwartney et al.). It points to well-designed systems for all social strata, open markets, and freedom of choice in business and everyday life. Economic freedom consists of freedom of choice, social and income mobility, and support for market openness. To increase economic flexibility and free up an overburdened system, governments need to enact laws protecting property rights and focusing exclusively on sound money. They should also support open markets and fair trade domestically and for export. Modern living standards depend on entrepreneurial activity and the profitable exchange of resources. Work Cited Gwartney, James, et al. Economic Freedom of the World. Cato Institute, 2017.
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Analysis of Iran’s Nuclear Deal Report The Nuclear deal was an agreement between the country of Iran a number of European Nations and the US. It guaranteed that the former would limit its research and development of nuclear arms in exchange for cooperation and the reduction of nuclear-related sanctions. The deal became practically ineffective in the face of the Trump administration leaving the agreement and the Iranian state not adhering by its obligations. The US, while demanding that the Iran follow its obligations, currently has not rejoined the JCPOA. Furthermore, the American government emphasises their desire to keep the sanctions on Iran, including the ones established during the previous administration (WION, 2021). On Iran’s side of the considerations, the nation is unwilling to join the agreement while burdened by sanctions, and demands full reprieve in exchange for keeping with their side of the deal. I think that the mutually beneficial deal is not possible. As both countries are ultimately unable to compromise on their conditions for working out a deal, it is unlikely that the JCPOA will be able to fulfil its purpose. If concessions are not made on either side of the argument, it is impossible to save the 2015 Iranian Nuclear deal. Reference WION. (2021). Antony Blinken says hundreds of sanctions to remain on Iran if US rejoins JCPOA | 2015 Nuclear Deal . YouTube . Web.
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The History of 19th Century Scientific Revolution Essay Any revolution is a great change in the life of any society. This can be a political, economic, technological and even psychological change. Thus, Scientific Revolution, which took place in the nineteenth century, enabled the humanity to make a great stride forward. People of the twenty-first century welcome such changes and understand the importance of the revolution that shaped the development of the society. However, thinkers of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries could have a different view on the change as they only witnessed first steps and saw the way political and economic system changed in revolutions and wars. Thus, Karl von Clausewitz considered the nature of war and it is possible to predict his view on the Scientific Revolution. The thinker notes that war is a conflict between two polarities (Von Clausewitz 14). Von Clausewitz does not give any evaluation and does not state that it is bad or good. However, he notes that the war is often inevitable as there are always polarities that tend to lead to a conflict. Hence, it is possible to assume that the thinker would welcome the course of the Scientific Revolution that is, actually, an inevitable and natural event. More so, it is possible to identify two polarities, the old and the new, which got in conflict and led to the development of the technology and thought. The thinker would also support the spread of ideas of democracy as they would diminish polarities, which could occur. At the same time, Burke would definitely oppose the Scientific Revolution. The thinker stresses that the change is usually negative as people should focus on what they already have and try to stick to it (Burke 22). The philosopher would oppose the Scientific Revolution as it was a rapid and dramatic change. Burke could welcome only slight changes which would not change such fundamental things as the societal structure and mindsets. Of course, the thinker would also oppose development of democratic ideas as they were totally different from what was in the society of the early eighteenth century. In conclusion, it is possible to note that the two thinkers have a different view on such a great change as the Scientific Revolution. Von Clausewitz would welcome the changes as he saw it as a natural cause of development while Burke would be against as he regarded a change as a threat to the society. Works Cited Burke, Edmund. Reflections on the Revolution in France. Oxford: Stockton Wilson, 2013. Print. Von Clausewitz, Karl. On War: Book I. On the Nature of War . Web.
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W. L. Gore Company’s Empowerment and Theory X and Y Case Study Introduction W. L. Gore is a company that believes in change. Over the years, the company has grown to be one of the largest companies in the United States of America. The company has for the past 12 years been named among the top 100 best companies to work for in the United States of America. The company produces Gore-Tex fabric, fuel cells, guitar strings, space suits, and dental floss. The company produces the raw materials which are used by other companies to manufacture their products (Brown 2011). How does Gore empower teams by empowering individual associates? The company allows its employees to decide on the projects they would like to undertake. This gives them the opportunity to work on projects that they are comfortable with. This increases the productivity of its employees. Every new employee (associate) is given a manager (sponsor). The manager (sponsor) makes sure that the new employee (associate) is able to discharge his or her duties effectively (Brown 2011). Once a year, the employees of the organization choose the employee who they think has the biggest impact on the organization. The employees with the highest number of votes are recognized and given financial rewards. The company has also ensured that every employee gets a share of the company’s profit. This has helped in motivating employees to work harder (Sanchez & Heene 2010). What is the lattice system of the organization? In the lattice system of organization, there are few job titles and no chain of command. This system allows employees to work on the tasks that they are comfortable with. This improves productivity and efficiency. This system of organization gives room for personal growth. It also gives employees a chance to be creative. The lattice system of an organization nurtures employees to be leaders since they are able to make their own decisions (Sanchez & Heene 2010). Do additional research on Theory X and Theory Y Theory X This theory was coined by Douglas McGregor. Douglas proposed that the average person had an inborn dislike for work and would do anything to avoid work. Douglas believed that employees had to be coaxed to work by being punished. This theory breeds dictatorial leaders (Keller & Price 2011). Theory Y This theory was coined by Douglas McGregor. According to this theory, people have an inborn desire to work. This theory breeds the democratic managers who give their employees the autonomy to perform their duties (Keller & Price 2011). Do you think that other companies could use these managerial strategies and structures? Or is it something unique to Gore? The organization system that W. L. Gore uses has proved its effectiveness. The company has grown to be one of the best companies in the United States of America. The company boasts of being ranked among the top 100 companies to work for in the United States of America for the last 12 consecutive years. I think that companies should embrace this system of organization. Employees will be able to work on the projects that they are comfortable with and, as a result, this will improve productivity and efficiency. The employees will not feel coaxed since this system of organization lacks a chain of command. Employees are the most important assets of any organization and they should be given the autonomy to work on the projects that they prefer without being coaxed. References Brown, D. (2011). An Experiental Approach to Organization Development . Person/Prentice, Hall: Saddle River, NJ. Keller, S., & Price, C. (2011). Beyond performance how great organizations build ultimate competitive advantage . Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Sanchez, R., & Heene, A. (2010). Enhancing competences for competitive advantage. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group.
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Positive Aspects 2. Points to be Considered 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited As per the data, the analysis of Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1 gene), Hemopexin (HPX gene), Amyloid beta precursor protein-binding (APBB1gene), and Beta globin (HBB gene) using two evolutionary models and three phylogenic trees has indicated that humans and chimpanzees are closely related. On the other hand, Norway rats have been found to be genetically distant from humans and chimpanzees. Coming to further observation of the analysis, it can be seen that there are certain positive and negative aspects pertaining to data analysis. Positive Aspects 1. The use of the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) technique for gene collection is appropriate, as it helps in finding areas of local resemblance between gene sequences (Basic 1). Consequently, it can be used to deduce evolutionary relationships between sequences (Basic, p. 1). 2. Sequencing through MEGA has been widely accepted as a useful tool to estimate distance for nucleotide and amino acid sequences (Tamura et al, p. 103). 3. Jukes-cantor model and Kimura two-parameter model used for the analysis are standard models used for observing nucleotide substitutions (Xiong, p. 138). 4. Use of two models, phenetic and cladistic, in the form of UPGMA, NJ, and maximum parsimony adds value to the analysis, as both the distance-based and character-based methods are employed (Methods, p. 1). Points to be Considered 1. The data has largely relied on maximum parsimony that does not provide much information about branch length (Methods, p. 1). 2. Unlike the Kimura 2-parameter, the Jukes-cantor model does not consider transitional and transversional substitution rates (Tamura et al. 105&106). Accordingly, its interpretations of data may vary particularly with respect to Kimura’s model of the MP tree of HPX. 3. Information on the reliability of the phylogenic tree should have been provided using MEGA tests such as bootstrap and interior branch tests (Tamura, p. 139). 4. There is no mention of the common ancestral species from which the others under examination might have evolved (Good Visualization, p. 1). 5. Reasons for different results with different trees in the analysis of the HBB gene using the jukes-cantor model have not been explained with respect to possible focus on compression of sequences and the influence of the applied model. Conclusion The analysis depicts that standard methods have been used to examine gene variations among different species. However, the reliability of the data might have increased with the possible inclusion of above stated additional points and clarification with regards to differences among various models and trees for an apparently similar set of variations in sequences. Works Cited 1. “ Basic Local Alignment Search Tool .” National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2008. Web. 2. “ Good Visualization ” www.cs.ubc.ca. 2005. Web. 3. “Methods for constructing phylogenetic tree.” www.darwin.nmsu.edu. 2005. 4. Tamura, Koichiro, Joel Dudley, Masatoshi Nei, and Sudhir Kumar. “ MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 4 .” Center of Evolutionary Functional Genomics: Arizona State University. 2008. Web. 5. Xiong, Jin. Essential Bioinformatics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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