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He focused on the controversy surrounding the use of thimerosal in vaccines. Rather than studying the relevance of thimerosal to autism, he concentrated on three aspects that led to the stated controversy. Firstly, he discussed about the introduction of thimerosal as a preservative in vaccines (Baker 244). Secondly, he focused on the delay, after the discovery of toxic effects of mercury, in accusing thimerosal as a causative agent for autism (Baker 244). Finally, he discussed the factors that resulted in linking vaccines to autism (Baker 244). In late 19 th and early 20 th centuries, the concern over the contamination of vaccines in poor hygienic conditions had led researchers to try various preservatives for vaccines that can prevent bacterial contamination (Baker 244). In due course of time, the emergence of organomercurials as effective agents in combating bacterial contamination of vaccines slowly resulted in the research on and inclusion of thimerosal, a white crystalline powder in the form of ethylmercury bound to thiosalicylate, in vaccines as a preservative (Baker 245). The advantages of thimerosal were depicted in its safety at tested low doses and efficiency in maintaining the biological effects of vaccines over existing preservatives like phenol and cresol (Baker 245). However, in light of the discovery of severe toxic effects of organomercurials, methylmercury in particular, people started suspecting the safety of thimerosal (Baker 246). To be precise, the Minamata disaster of 1950s and the Iraq’s disaster in early 1970 that resulted from consumption of food contaminated with methylmercury led to wide spread concerns over the toxicity of organomercurials (Baker 246&7). In these incidents, many children were identified with developmental neurological disorders (Baker 247). Moreover, various experiments on the effects of methylmercury on human health resulted in different conclusions. As a result, the permissible dose of methylmercury was set differently by various agencies in the US, such as Federal Drug Administration (FDA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that ranged from 0.1 to 0.4 µg per Kg body weight per day (Baker 247). Meanwhile, the change in the perspective of researchers from defining autism in psychoanalytical terms to biomedical terms, and broadening the characteristics of the disorder with labels such as pervasive developmental disorders and autistic spectrum disorders resulted in detection of more children with autism (Baker 248&9). Also, the detection of autism in children who had vaccinations recently led to the opinion among parental groups than professionals that thimerosal could be the cause for autism (Baker 249). Moreover, exaggerated reports on thimerasol’s relation to autism that were widespread on Internet and media made people to campaign against the use of thimerosal in vaccines (Baker 249&250). However, the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) made a risk assessment of thimerosal and concluded that it was harmless at doses used in vaccines, but should be avoided in vaccines soon in view of rising concerns (Baker 250). All in all, the author provided comprehensive information regarding factors that resulted in controversies over the use of thimerosal in vaccines. Works Cited Baker, Jeffrey P. “Mercury, Vaccines and Autism: One Controversy, Three Histories.” American Journal of Public Health 98.2 (2008): 244-253.
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President Reagan’s thoughts on abortion Essay The abortion debate has raged on for a long time generating controversy after controversy. Abortion revolves around the sensitive issue regarding the life of the unborn. So acrimonious is the debate, that it has attracted the attention of popular figures such as the former United States President Ronald Reagan. In his opinion, Reagan states that “Abortion is advocated only by persons who have themselves been born” (Reynolds, 2009). While this seems to be a simple statement, it nevertheless exposes major theoretical weaknesses within the prochoice philosophy. Reagan’s statement on abortion centers on the term ‘born’. In this statement, Reagan assumes that birth occurs at the point which a child is detached from the mother. Additionally, prolife activists use the terms ‘mother’ ‘unborn’ jointly, to demonstrate the inherent bond between a pregnant woman and her unborn child. Prochoice activists oppose this and assert that the use of the terms ‘unborn’ and ‘mother’ is quite insensitive and biased. Similarly, some medical practitioners aligned to the prochoice movement argue that using the term ‘mother’ in relation to the ‘unborn’ is technically wrong since a woman technically becomes a mother after birth (Hardin, 1974). Regardless of assertions made by prochoice activists, the natural dependency between a woman and her unborn child cannot be ignored. During pregnancy both the child and the mother depend on each other for survival. In his statement, Reagan alludes to the self-centeredness of those who support abortion. Reagan’s statement implies that prochoice activists fail to acknowledge that they are alive because their mothers made the decision not to abort. In opposition to this, prochoice activists argue that the debate is not centered on abortion vs. no abortion, but on abortion vs. coerced motherhood. Every woman has inalienable right to determine whether to be or not to be a mother. As such, denying women the right to abort a child she is not ready for amounts to coerced motherhood. Additionally, prochoice activists argue that coerced motherhood reduces a woman to a biological slave. This violates a woman freedom of choice and happiness, which effectively reduces the quality of a woman’s life. In prochoice view, the rights and happiness of the mother supersedes the need to protect the life of the unborn child (Hardin, 1974). However, instead of furthering prochoice beliefs, these assumptions reinforce Reagan’s view on the self-centeredness of prochoice activists. It is evident that prochoice supporters uphold the need to protect the rights of the mother at the expense of the unborn child. In Prochoice view, arguing that the unborn child has rights and life amounts to illogical use of the terms ‘right’ and ‘life’ in the sense that the two terms refers to human beings (Hardin, 1974). In his statement, Reagan seems to implicitly refute such views and instead maintains that the unborn child has inalienable right to life. By asserting that prochoice supporters are “persons who have themselves been born”, Reagan reminds prochoice activists that their being alive demonstrates the need to give every unborn child the chance to live. This can only be attained by protecting of the ‘rights to life’ of the unborn. In sum, Reagan views the unborn child as a live human being, complete with rights. Reagan questions the motives behind the prochoice movement. His statement implies that prochoice activists are blinded by self-centeredness, and fail to acknowledge that their being alive is as a result of decision based on prolife philosophy. Reference List Hardin, G. (1974). Mandatory motherhood: the true meaning of “right to life” Boston: Beacon Press Reynolds, M. (2009). Epiphany. California: BPP Inc.
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The Use of Radio in German Propaganda During the World War II Essay The Nazi regime is notorious for its atrocities and crimes, as well as its effective propaganda that made the deadliest war possible. One of the techniques used by the Nazis to persuade German people and shape their worldview was the use of such media as radio (Welch, 2017). Radio was a relatively new technological advance, and many people were fascinated with such novelties. Moreover, Goebbels, who was the Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany, made a lot of effort to make radio a common device in the country. The manufacturers were motivated to introduce a cheap device, while producers and consumers were heavily subsidized to ensure the availability of this transmitter of ideas. By 1939, approximately 70% of Germans had a radio in their households (Welch, 2017). Importantly, the radios manufactured in Germany could not receive the foreign broadcast. Thus, German people found themselves in the informational vacuum where they were exposed to propaganda and had no access to other sources of information. The Nazi regime effectively used the national broadcasting company that created diverse products of propaganda. Major announcements and Hitler’s addresses were broadcasted very often. Listeners learned about the latest news and the overall situation in the world. They were told stories (programs with experts, patriotic theatrical radio performances, and so on) about the might and glory of Germany and the paltriness and insidiousness of other countries, especially Great Britain and France. Radio presenters also created an image of a strong and victorious German army with brave soldiers, while other countries’ armies were described as weak and ill-prepared. The spread of radio and the content broadcasted shaped the way German people saw the world around them. Many people were deceived, so it is possible to say that the use of radio and the focus on the glory of Germany was an effective propaganda technique. Reference Welch, D. (2017). World War II propaganda: Analyzing the art of persuasion during wartime . ABC-CLIO.
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Limitations of GDP as a Measure of Economic Welfare Essay Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an economic parameter that measures economic activity of a nation. Conventionally, GDP measures the market value of goods and services that a nation produces in a given time in terms of per capita. Per capita indicates economic welfare of people. According to the World Bank, GDP is parameter that compares economic capacities of nations and economic welfare of their respective citizens (Para. 1). GDP is applicable as an indicator of economic welfare because it correlates with amounts of goods and services that people consume. However, GDP is not a sufficient parameter to indicate economic welfare of a nation because it measures activities that have monetary values only. Wenzel (2009) posits that, the use of GDP as a normative indicator of economic capacity of a nation does not give quality measure of economic growth because it gives a distorted view economic welfare (p. 7). Fundamentally, GDP has several limitations because it does not consider intricate factors that determine economic status of a nation and economic welfare of populations. The first limitation of GDP as an economic welfare indicator is that it measures overall economic activity of a nation, which indirectly indicate welfare of the population. Although a nation may have so many economic activities, it may also have low welfare status of its citizens. Rationale of using GDP as a welfare indicator has it basis on the assumption that economic activities directly indicate economic welfare of citizens. Kahneman and Krueger (2006) argue that, economic activities of a nation and economic welfare of individuals are technically different entities that coincidentally correlate (p.6). Thus, it is assumptive to believe that GDP correlates with economic welfare of populations. The second limitation of DGP is that it does not consider the distribution of wealth in a nation because it gives average production of goods and services in markets. Rogers, Jalal, and Boyd (2008) assert that, GDP does not take into consideration leisure facilities, depletion of natural resources, volunteer labour, household production and other underground economic activities that do not feature in markets (p. 302). Since many goods and services are not present in markets, use of GDP as an indicator of economic welfare of the population gives an underestimated value of welfare status. The fact that GDP indicates net production rather than gross production is a third limitation of GDP as an indicator of economic welfare. Riesman (2006) argues that, GDP examines the value of final products and thus exclude value of intermediate products or raw materials that are economically significant (p. 611). Production of raw materials and intermediate products involve a substantial deal of economic activities that reflect economic welfare of the population, but does not appear in GPD. Therefore, GDP overlooks significant factors of production that deals with raw materials and intermediate products, hence does not reflect economic welfare of a nation or its population. Fourthly, GDP limitation is that it does not differentiate beneficial production from detrimental production for it just measures overall economic activities. Smith (2011) contends that, the value of GDP increases even in detrimental activities such as oil spill, pollution, road accidents, outbreak of diseases, and increase in crimes yet welfare status drops (Para. 3). GDP increases in the presence of detrimental activities because government spend a lot of resources in mitigating detrimental effects of varied activities but welfare of the population remains the same or degenerate. Thus, GDP does not sufficiently indicate welfare status of nations and their population. References Kahneman, D., & Krueger, A., 2006. Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Wellbeing. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20 (1), pp.1-24. Riesman, G., 2006. The Value of ‘Final Products” Counts Only Itself: Today’s Gross Product Is Net Product. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology , 63 (3), pp. 609-625. Rogers, P., Jalal, K., & Boyd, J., 2008. An Introduction to Sustainable Development . London: Earthscan. Smith, H., 2011. Limitations of GDP as a Measure of Economic Welfare. Finland Statistics. Web. The World Bank. 2011. GDP and Actual Individual Consumption. International Comparison Program. Web. Wenzel, T., 2009. Beyond GDP: Measuring the Wealth of Nations . Germany: GRIN Verlag.
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Community-Based Monitoring in Ugandan Healthcare Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Primary Research Question 3. Experimental Design 4. Empirical Findings 5. Analysis 6. Work Cited Introduction The paper chosen for the sake of this analysis is “Power to the People: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment on Community-Based Monitoring in Uganda” by Björkman and Svensson published in The Quarterly Journal of Economic Journal. The authors of the paper intend to reduce the child mortality rate in the region of Sub-Sahara by using Uganda for the field experiment. The paper uses the method of randomization to test one intervention against the other. The results from the field experiment by the authors have been clearly stated in the paper. The success criteria and the rate of success have also been highlighted. Primary Research Question The key question that the paper addresses is whether the accountability and strong monitoring system by the citizens improve the health sector’s ability to deliver its services. The major focus of the paper is the accountability relationships in the context of citizen clients’ ability to pass responsibility to service providers, by using basic health care delivery in rural areas of Uganda as the testing ground (Björkman and Svensson 736). The authors have undertaken this study to improve the delivery of health services in Uganda because the statistical study reveals that 11 million children under the age of five die in Sub-Saharan Africa because of diseases like malaria and measles (Björkman and Svensson 756). The study aims to check whether community-based monitoring helps improve this situation for the children. The key-terms defined in the context of this study are accountability and community. As per the author’s accountability here is held synonymous with the involvement of the public in the health affairs of the region. Moreover, the community is an area that has a radius of five kilometers around any facility. In the context of this study, the authors have taken community as a body with 2500 homes and within a 5-km radius from the clinic. Experimental Design A community-based randomized controlled field design has been used to conduct this study. The experiment involves a total of fifty public dispensaries, as well as the health-care users from the nine districts of Uganda; the studied project facilities are all located in the rural areas (Björkman and Svensson 740). For the experimental design of this study, the facilities are initially divided into groups by location and further on by the size of the population (Björkman and Svensson 740). Out of the fifty dispensaries, 25 units are randomly assigned as the treatment group and the rest is taken as the control group (Björkman and Svensson 740). The research is divided into two parts: the pre-intervention and the post-intervention. The pre-intervention part of the study includes surveys to collect data on the quality of services and the type of health facilities available in Uganda. For the post-intervention phase, the chosen treatments are the report cards to pass on information about existing healthcare facilities and a series of meetings to the local population. The meetings are intended to encourage participation from the locals. Empirical Findings The empirical findings of the study indicate that following the pre-intervention survey the data disseminated to the local community created an impact of transparency. Following the meeting session after these surveys, the locals voiced their concerns openly which were communicated to the local council. The comparison of the control and the treatment group indicates that the communities in the treatment groups became more involved in the monitoring of the health service providers. The intervention also enhanced the performance and behavior of health workers. Their behavior was measured by using the variables of “equipment used, waiting time, rate of absence, clinic management and health information management and dissemination” (Björkman and Svensson 758). The behavior of workers is reported to improve 20% more from the controlled baseline. The paper indicates an overall 7% reduction in the risk of mortality and it has been regarded as a huge impact by the authors and the communities involved. The other key-results from the experiment indicate that the dissemination of correct information to the local population plays a great role in holding the health-workers and concerned authorities accountable. Analysis The research question for the research paper was laid-down and explained well by the authors in the context of Uganda. The study design using a specified case-study of Uganda and using pre-intervention and post-intervention approaches clearly showed the impact of treatment on the community. The treatment variables have been clearly defined and sufficiently executed by the authors. The comparisons drawn with the control group are fair and show the clarity of thought of the authors. Work Cited Björkman, Martina, and Jakob Svensson. “Power to the People: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment on Community-Based Monitoring in Uganda”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol. 124, no. 2, 2012, pp.735-769.
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CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is an exclusive molecular system, which aims to change the structure of genes and exclude potentially dangerous cells that can adversely affect a particular organism. By adding to a DNA chain, this system can edit some sectors and remove from them those genes that are harmful. Similarly, CRISPR fights against bacteria and viruses that enter the human body. In what ways could humans apply this new technology for practical purposes? According to scientists, the effect of this molecular system on the example of a man has not yet been investigated to the end. However, there are already some positive results: many dairy producers note the effectiveness of CRISPR in combating bacterial cultures that are contained in yogurts and cheese against harmful viruses (Pollack par.15). Moreover, scientists managed to conduct successful experiments on monkeys by changing their genes (Pollack par. 6) How is CRISPR different from other gene-editing technologies? Unlike some other technologies that change the structure of DNA, CRISPR completely disables a particular gene and does not just partially edit it (Pollack par. 32). The potential of this system is quite significant because it may help to change the chain of information embedded in a body even at the stage of development. CRISPR allows completely getting rid of a particular gene and convert it as required. Summary of the Article The article “A Powerful New Way to Edit DNA” by Andrew Pollack tells about a new innovative molecular system called CRISPR, its capabilities, and its applications. Scientists working on its creation conducted a series of experiments on living organisms and got a rather unexpected and certainly significant result. CRISPR proved that it could fight with various pathogenic viruses and completely change the chains of DNA, thereby preventing harmful and mutational changes. So far, no experiments on humans have been conducted. Nevertheless, scientists suppose that they will be able to prove the effectiveness of this system in treating various mutations and genetic changes at the embryo stage shortly enough (Pollack par. 7). As for the pros, there are several positive aspects that the introduction of CRISPR can bring into medicine. First, as Pollack notes, it is a rather practical step from a commercial point of view (par. 12). Various food producers, as well as farmers, are ready to use this technology to preserve the quality of their products and prevent premature spoilage. Perhaps, such use of CRISPR will not be available to everyone but only to the most advanced companies since this system is unlikely to be cheap. Secondly, this method of genetic change substantially accelerates the process of work on rearranging a DNA chain. If earlier scientists needed a lot of time, now, according to Pollack, this procedure can be done in one step (par. 28). Probably, this feature of the system is one of the most evident and undeniable advantages. However, the system has its cons. For example, CRISPR raises ethical issues (Pollack par. 10). Despite the success of experiments on animals, the introduction of the system into a human body can cause unforeseen consequences. Furthermore, a change in what is inherent to nature is perhaps too bold a step. Also, according to the author, a possible problem is the delivery of a necessary structure for those cells that need to be changed (Pollack 39). In case of failure, the outcome of such an experiment will be unforeseen. Thus, CRISPR is a rather controversial technology regarding the need for its use, but the fact of an innovative discovery that can change the world and nature of a person is significant and undeniable. The wealthiest people will likely be able to experience the impact of this system since its cost will certainly be high. Judging by the results, the humanity will gain access to CRISPR soon enough, and the whole world is watching how this program is being developed and when its visible results will appear. Work Cited Pollack, Andrew. “A Powerful New Way to Edit DNA.” The New York Times , 2014, Web.
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The Spanish Society Attitude Toward Work and Play Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Style of communication 3. Work and play 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction The perception of one culture is a reflection of reality through the prism of different concepts which were formed based on individual and collective experiences. Accordingly, communication styles can be seen as an important aspect of cultural heritage, which distinguishes different nations and cultures. It should be noted that some aspects can be unchanged and will always be associated with a particular society, while others are gradually replaced, leaving the old perceptions as stereotypes. In the context of cross-cultural perspective, this paper analyzes Spain in terms of their communication styles and the perceptions of the Spanish society toward work and play. Style of communication Contrasting defined communication styles, Spain and accordingly much of Latin America, prefer an attached style of communication with a strong, relational engagement, while also being direct, linear, and abstract in their approach. (“Communication Styles,” 2009) Explaining these characteristic, the attached styles implies that in Spain issues are discussed with feelings and emotions, showing the passion of the speaker, and while the communications can be established in a direct linear way, the emphasis is rather on the general rather than on specifics. Such characteristics can be seen through the various forms of communication. For example, their passion in their communications can be seen through the differences between Americans and Spaniards in conversations, where the latter are typically loud while talking. (Wattley Ames, 1999, p. 76). The abstractness in communications in Spain can be apparent through their long-windedness, where it takes a lot of time and a lot of words to state their ideas, covering all possible bases and following up on every idea. (Wattley Ames, 1999, p. 77). Additionally, despite their emotional attachment, Spaniards are less likely to engage in a confrontation, where they generally consider “confrontation impolite.” (Wattley Ames, 1999, p. 78) Finally, a specific aspect of communication in Spain can be related to their forms of greetings, in which they can be considered punctilious in that matter, where Spaniards feel obligated to at least murmur a greeting “whenever entering a space where there are other people.” (Wattley Ames, 1999, p. 76). Work and play Regarding work and play, two common words can be associated with Spain, i.e. siesta and fiesta. Nevertheless, the latter can be considered more of a stereotype, in which it is believed that in Spain, people always have a midday pause to rest, and party at night. This is no longer true, or at least is not as true as it seems. Nevertheless, they have a different attitude toward work, comparing for example the American and Spanish attitudes, it can be said that the Spaniards work to live, while Americans live to work. (Wattley Ames, 1999, p. 84) In that regard, this attitude can be reflected through such aspects as not mentioning work when they are not working, not skipping lunchtime, and working extra hours only in the case of a crisis. Generally, the main idea is in a relaxed attitude toward work, separating it from personal life. Conclusion It can be concluded that Spain’s specifics, either in communications or work attitude, are more of a reflection of their culture, which in turn was affected by many factors such as history and geographic location. However, some aspects can be seen changed through globalization, in which certain areas are taking a certain global outlook, e.g. business relations. Nevertheless, it can be said that certain aspects will not be changed and will remain specific to Spain and the Spaniards. References 1. Communication Styles. (2009). University of the Pacific. 2. Wattley Ames, H. (1999). Spain is different (2nd ed.). Yarmouth, Me.: Intercultural Press.
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Personal Business Plan for a Retail Store Report Long-Term Mission and Vision Statement The Gifted Legit Wear is a retail store specializing in selling legitimate good quality clothing and footwear for the whole family. The retail store will be keen and emphasize the sale of a full assortment of children’s, women’s, and men’s official and athletic clothing and accessories. The store will provide the customers with professional knowledge on suitable fit and official wear for their occasions. The ultimate goal is to be the best store for serving a larger community to ensure everyone looks amazing in official wear by offering technical and knowledgeable consumer service. The Existing External Opportunities The growing economy and population in the local areas of the store location promise a good target market. Both corporate workers put on official wear during most of their days of the week, and the sports lovers go for runs and athletic exercises whenever they can (Ekanem, 2017). The growth in online business and marketing is also a target for advertisement and selling where orders can be made and delivered. The Internal Strengths Having excellent knowledge in business planning and projections gives me an upper hand in the market. Fashion and designs have been my passion for a longer time, and bringing up this enterprise will be an excellent opportunity to enjoy doing what I love. I also want to be remembered for doing good to society by offering job opportunities whenever possible; hence, great motivation within strengthens me. Strategy for My Life Setting milestones that align with my goals for the next two years will propel me towards achieving my goals. Hence, I will set specific milestones with specific timeframes for them to be fulfilled. Failures from the Past and Strategy for Future I had a plan to start an ice cream store, but I never went ahead with it because I was waiting to have more money for capital. I have learned that waiting is not a plan; executing the idea, no matter how small, will enable the store to come into existence and gradually grow. Entrepreneurial Ethics, Personal “Board of Directors,” and Six-Word Summary I will ensure that I uphold ethical practices by maintaining my products’ integrity, great customer service, fairness during the hiring process, and telling the truth about my products during marketing. I will seek guidance from my parents, role models (a successful uncle), and teachers. The six-word story is “customer-friendly, suitable fit, profitable goods.” Reference Ekanem, I. (2017). Introduction to the business plan . Writing a Business Plan , 9-10.
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Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Dracula by Bram Stoker provides a complex representation of female characters. The central figures of the novel, Lucy and Mina are not examples of a typical Victorian-era woman. Dracula was written when the society was already experiencing conflict between a conservative part standing up for gender roles and Victorian feminists seeking equal rights. This time created the so-called New Women who were fighting for intellectual and sexual autonomy for females. The novel Dracula depicted complex female figures not fitting easily to any of the represented forces. Main body Mina Harker brightly shows the conflict between two extremes of Victorian England. On the one hand, she possesses some traditional features of an ideal Victorian woman. She is submissive to Jonathan and rather emotional. She also proposes ideas that are typical for the perception of women of that time. Mina writes: “We women have something of the mother in us that makes us rise above smaller matters when the mother spirit is invoked” (234). Her words imply that all women have a maternal instinct that just should be awoken. Mina’s thoughts about every woman as a mother correlate with traditional gender roles. As Hughes notes, in the Victorian era, “women were assumed to desire marriage because it allowed them to become mothers” (para. 7). Thus, Mina certainly represents traditional values; however, she also has characteristics of the New Woman. Mina is smart, educated, and financially independent from her fiance. Intelligence and critical thinking are essential for the New Woman. It contrasts with traditional Victorian wives, whom Grand calls “cow women,” or man’s “domestic cattle,” never having their own opinion (qtd. in Kistler 6). Mina, however, was not afraid that studying would have a “damaging effect on the ovaries,” turning her into a “dried-up prune,” as some doctors of the Victorian era believed (Hughes para. 6). She also became a key element in helping to defeat Dracula. According to Kistler, “Mina is a producer , and in this role she is integral to the success of the vampire hunters” (10). It is possible to agree that Mina’s character is reflected in Van Helsing’s words, who says that she has “a man’s brain” and “a woman’s heart” (240). Thus, Mina is a complex figure representing features both of the traditional Victorian woman and the New Woman. In addition, it is interesting to discuss Mina’s attitude toward the New Women. Mina considers that in the future such a woman “will do the proposing herself” (90). She also adds: “And a nice job she will make of it, too! There’s some consolation in that” (90). These words may seem mocking, although sarcasm is not typical for Mina. However, in any case, Mina voices ideas that would be revolutionary for that time and would shatter the ideals of the Victorian era. This controversial moment also adds to the complexity of her character. Another significant female figure in the novel is Lucy Westenra. Being innocent and pure, she is, nevertheless, represented with a focus on sexuality. In the beginning, Lucy has three suitors and wishes she could marry them all. Later, in the form of a vampire, she tries to seduce Arthur. The representation of Lucy distances her from the traditional image of Victorian “cow woman” but, at the same time, does not make her a prostitute (a good wife or a prostitute — the two only opposites of women in the Victorian era). She can be considered more as a victim of Victorian standards. As Kistler assumes, the novel suggests that the “lack of activity or intellectual engagement” leaves Lucy “vulnerable to vampire attacks” (5). In this regard, it is possible to agree that Lucy was destroyed as she was not able to fit either the traditional Victorian world or the world of the New Women. One also can assume that, through Lucy’s image, Stoker represented his attitude toward changes in the perception of genders. Lucy became seductive when she turned into a vampire, that is a monster. For expressing sexuality, Lucy was punished and killed by Van Helsing and her suitors. Of course, it was not the only reason for killing her. However, there can be seen a parallel between sexuality and the monstrous image. Sexual desire was not appropriate for Victorian women, and people of that time were pretending that women did not need this kind of satisfaction. They were perceived as objects providing birth-giving or sources of men’s pleasure. According to Hughes, doctors of that time considered that “the majority of women (happily for them) are not very much troubled with sexual feeling of any kind” (para. 7). In this regard, it is possible to agree that Lucy’s storyline reflected a rather negative attitude of Stoker toward the New Women who were standing for sexual autonomy. Conclusion One may conclude that Bram Stoker, in his novel Dracula , provided a controversial representation of the gender conflict of the Victorian era. His female characters possess traditional features of ideal Victorian women, at the same time, challenging the values of the divided world where men and women belong to different spheres. In this regard, they turn out to be between two fires, not fitting entirely to any side of the conflict. References Hughes, Kathryn. Gender Roles in the 19th Century . The British Library, 2014. Web. Kistler, Jordan. Rethinking the New Woman in Dracula . 2018. Web.
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Social Aspects of Emotions Research Paper Emotions are intertwined with our physical experiences and correlate with conscious responses to situations. Human beings tend to focus on positive emotions and disregard destructive ones. In the digital age, when personal interaction occurs online, it is becoming harder to express and communicate feelings. This paper dwells on the purpose and importance of emotional expression as well as the role of the brain in this process. It also considers the ways people construct their reactions in a social context. In everyday life, an individual is not able to track all the emotional responses he or she produces. The brain relies on past experiences to create a hypothesis or a simulation to define meanings in outside signals. It has been scientifically proved that sensory inputs coming from hearing, seeing, or taste are simulations but not conscious reactions (Feldman Barrett, p. 27). Physical receptions of the body ignited by these sensory inputs help interpret any given situation and respond emotionally. Furthermore, emotional responses or expressions serve as tools that inform others about one’s feelings. These behavioral replies stimulate individuals to communicate through verbal and non-verbal cues (Eglantine). Facial looks and body language are exchanged in the process of interaction to make it faster and smoother. Although it is possible to control and even suppress emotions, health outcomes can be detrimental. Therefore, they are vital for regulating inner feelings and psycho-emotional state of mind. When the human brain processes and interprets emotions, it activates various zones. For example, the feeling of happiness triggers the right frontal cortex and the precuneus (Moawad). Fear involves the frontal cortex and the hypothalamus, which is linked to the survival instinct (Moawad). To conclude, emotions convey meanings that explain changes in feelings and sensations. As a result, human beings act in any given situation by using past experiences and predictions. Works Cited 1. Eglantine, Julle-Daniere. “ Communicating Emotions .” Psychology Today, 2019. Web. 2. Feldman Barrett, Lisa. How Emotions are made. The Secret Life of the Brain. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2017. 3. Moawad, Heidi. “ How the Brain Processes Emotions .” Neurology Times, 2017. Web.
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It spans Eastern Europe and Northern Asia and is about 1.8 times the size of the US ( The World FactBook ). The capital of Russia is Moscow, which is the largest European city. According to data estimations, its population had equaled approximately 146,171,015 million residents by 2021 ( Russian Federation , n.d.). As ethnic groups, Russia consists of 78% of Russians, 4% of Tatars, 2% of Ukrainians, and 2% of Chuvash and Chechens. The primary religion of Russian residents is Christianity: about 73% of Russian Orthodoxy and 27% of other religions, such as Islam and other Christian faiths ( Russian Federation , n.d.). The Russian Federation is considered to be the most powerful nuclear weapon country globally. The atomic weapon industry of Russia is a significant landmark in this country. According to Trading Economics of 2021 estimation, total GDP equals $4,328 trillion, and GDP per capita is about $29,485 ( Russia – Economic Indicators , n.d.). Considering the most profitable sources of overall revenue, the oil and natural gas exportations are the prevailing income resources. This country’s essential commodities and products are steel and aluminum, which are major sources of export, as well as coal, wheat, crude petroleum, and refined petroleum. The major import commodities for Russia are cars and packaged medicine, broadcasting equipment. The main currency in the Russian Federation is rubble, which was established centuries ago. The governmental type of Russia is a semi-presidential federation. The members of the current governmental body are the Prime Minister, the Federal Ministers, and the deputy prime minister. All policies are conducted under the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Currently, the President of Russia is eligible to appoint the Prime Minister and his subordinates. As to international organizations, the Russian Federation is a member of the United Nations, UNESCO, The European Communities, Council of Europe, NATO, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and others. References Russia – Economic Indicators. (n.d.). Trading Economics. Web. Russian Federation . (n.d.). New World Encyclopedia. Web. The World FactBook. (2021). Central Intelligence Agency. Web.
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Hippocampus-Dependent Memories During Sleep Essay The study I analyzed presented an investigation of sleep’s ability to consolidate memory for long-term storage. Several theories of what contributes to the assimilation and structuring of memories during sleep are discussed in the scientific community. There is a theory that certain stimuli received during wakefulness and repeated during sleep can help refresh memories. This hypothesis is promising, as sleep’s memory consolidation abilities are entirely unexplored and of great scientific interest. The study’s primary goal presented in the article was to investigate the consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memories during sleep through stimulation by smell. The smell was chosen because it was not necessary to interrupt the integrity of the subjects’ sleep to introduce it into the experiment. The preliminary study was conducted on volunteers who were asked to remember the order of things in a two-dimensional task. This task was chosen because it involved hippocampal function. The participants were exposed to the smell of a rose at varying intervals. Then the subjects slept, during which they were also introduced to the scent of a rose. The morning after they slept, they were asked to take a test to see how well they remembered the order of the objects. The study also included a control group that was not stimulated by the scent while memorizing the location of the objects. As a result, those participants for whom smell was used remembered 97.2 ± 4.1% of the information, while the control group remembered only 85.8 ± 3.8% (Rasch et al., 2007). The researchers concluded that once an odor became associated with the context of memorized object locations, repeated exposure to an odor during sleep reactivated new memories and thereby accelerated their consolidation. Indeed, exposure of the hippocampus to an odor helps to refresh memory and better assimilate necessary images. However, it has also been concluded that such a procedure is ineffective when it affects other parts of the brain or when it is only performed in the waking state. This statement narrows the results base but also makes it more delineated. I think this study is very revealing and essential for the development of modern somnology. People have been struggling to expand memory capabilities for many decades (Cleary & Schwartz, 2020). Therefore, I would like to suggest several experiments that could open up new frontiers for research. For example, one could test stimuli that disrupt sleep – sound, and light – and compare their results. It may turn out that the consolidation of memories occurs only during uninterrupted sleep. This could significantly change the idea of memory consolidation during sleep and expand the boundaries for research. In addition, one could investigate the reactivation of memories obtained several days before the experiment rather than a day before. With this, it will be possible to see if the information obtained less recently could be fitted into long-term memory. Less recent information tends to be stored in short-term memory and forgotten (Cleary & Schwartz, 2020). The experiment I am proposing will test whether these memories can be recovered. The technique of recovering older memories is undiscovered in modern science, and such a study could give it a fresh impetus. In this way, it will be possible to narrow the evidence base even more and derive a clear theory about memory consolidation in dreams under different conditions. References Cleary, A. M., & Schwartz, B. L. (Eds.). (2020). Memory quirks: The study of odd phenomena in memory . Routledge. Web. Rasch, B., Buchel, C., Gais, S., & Born, J. (2007). Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation. Science, 315 (1), 1426-1429.
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Hydro Energy Advantages and Disadvantages Report (Assessment) Introduction Hydro energy is also referred to as water energy. This is production of electricity energy from water sources. To produce electricity from moving water, heavy electricity generators are used. It is the transfer of kinetic energy to electric energy (Efthymoglou, 1987). This paper looks into hydro energy; it will discuss how it is produced, its use, its disadvantages and advantages. How hydro energy is produced There are different ways that electricity can be generated from water, they are; conventional, tides, pumped storage or run off rivers. Conventional This involves the use of dams to tap potential energy from water in terms of water that accumulates in these dams. After accumulation, the water is left to run down a height referred to as head. As they run down, they get into contact with turbines which they rotate. The rotated turbines run electric generators and electricity is produced. Tides Tides move in waves. The up and down movement of tide has kinetic energy that is used to rotate turbines kept strategically for this purpose. The turbines generate electricity. Pumped storage Water is passed through different stepped elevetions. When water is changing from elevations, it has kinetic energy which rotates turbines for electricity generation. Run off rivers This is the use of water speed in running rivers which is used to rotate turbines for electricity generation (Efthymoglou, 1987). Uses of electricity Electricity is used in industries and in homes for various purposes. It is a reliable source of energy for heating, lightening and running of machinery. In manufacturing of good, it is considered as on e of the input costs incurred. This is in terms of lightening the factory, running of manufacturing and administrative machines and heating. In homes it is used for lightening, running of electrical equipments like television, electric fans and electric heaters among others. It assister sin making life better as people can connect to the outside world through various equipments like computers, phones, radio and telegrams which are run by electric power. Of late, the energy has been tapped in transport industry where it is used in electric tramways, railways, and new development of electrically charged motor vehicles. Advantages of hydro energy Energy from water has been considered as one of the world cleanest source of energy. It does not produce green house gasses when it is being produced or when it is being used. Although there are minimal emissions when a plant is being set up, this is negligible and cannot count compared to the emission by electricity from fossil fuels. The energy also does not have wastes that need to be disposed. In the ear that the world is suffering from global warming, hydro power is seen as one of the strategies that can assist in reducing green house emission. This makes the energy good for sustainable development. When hydro energy is compared to nuclear energy, it maintains an upper hand since it does not produce nuclear reactants which are associated with nuclear energy. Nuclear reactants are dangerous to the health of human beings. It is a renewable source of energy. Water used to run turbines is nit utilised in any way other than its energy and thus it can be reused more than once without reducing its capability. Adopting renewable technology assists the world to meet its current population energy demands without limiting the level at which future generations will meet their needs. Initial cost of setting up of machinery and generators is huge, however the cost of running the plants is relatively low compared to other sources of energy. This makes the net cost lower. The cost of electricity from water is the cheapest in the world and thus companies and people can utilize the important product at an affordable cost (BRYAN & TERRY). Disadvantage of hydro energy Creation of water reservoirs in low land areas for water collecting influences the natural habitation of the area. This includes climatic conditions which it creates micro climates. The reservoirs influences aquatic life, they create a different environment, temperatures and may wide up breeding areas of aquatic life. These plants are deeply constructed in water, as they decay; they produce methane gasses which may be dangerous to the people living around them. On the other hand, they create stagnate water which may become a breeding place to disease causing insects like mosquitoes and tsetse flies. Finally, hydro electric plants are good terrorists attack points. This is because of the danger they can have on a country if attacked (Anon, 2004). Conclusion There are many sources of electricity; they include fossil fuels, wind, solar and hydro electricity. Electricity is used at homes, offices and factories. Hydro electric power generation is superior to other forms since it is renewable, is cheap and emits minimal green house gasses. However these plants lead to massive dislocation of people when they are being constructed and are terrorists attack sites. It also creates a breeding place for disease causing insects like mosquitoes and tsetse fly which affect the health of human beings. References Anon.(2004). ELECTRICITY MADE FROM WATER. Current Science, 89 (10), 12. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. BRYAN, H., VICE, P., & ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH, I. (n.d). WATER AND ENERGY. FDCH Congressional Testimony , Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. Efthymoglou, P. (1987). OPTIMAL USE AND THE VALUE OF WATER RESOURCES IN ELECTRICITY GENERATION. Management Science, 33 (12), 1622-1634. Retrieved from Business Source Complete database.
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Optical Safety Systems and Safety Barriers Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Report 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction The purpose of the paper is to present the recommendation of a specific action that should be taken by technical management. Originally, the optical systems, which are used to defend workers from the machinery are one of the central factors of safety, as optical systems are used in most safety equipment. The paper is aimed to touch upon the issues of proper equipment and analysis of the industrial environment. Report O begin with, it should be emphasized that the manufacturing industry increasingly relies on effective equipment, nevertheless, this equipment and machinery are regarded to be potentially dangerous, especially if safety rules are ignored. Consequently, the issues of protection and safety are becoming the predominantly important for the management of the industrial enterprises. The workers should be protected against possible injuries while using the machinery or some potentially dangerous equipment. In order to protect employees from machinery-related injuries, amputations and traumas, safeguard measures should be used. These measures entail the installation of appropriate safety devices and implementation of the safety requirements into the working process. Originally, optical systems are regarded to be the most widely used in the safety equipment, as they are regarded to be the quickest and the most reliable, if applied properly. One of the most popular safety systems is the safety light screen, which contains an LED emitter array and the phototransistor receiver that together create a sensing field with a specified detection capability. (_________). The principle of this system is covered in the light-receiving principle. If phototransistor detects the light, which originates from the LED, the screen is regarded as complete, and the system allows the machine to operate. If some obstacle (opaque object) appears between the corresponding LED and photosensitive element, the light screen sends the safety signal, and the controls of the machine stop the hazardous motion before the worker reaches the hazard. As for the environment, proper for using the optical safety systems, it should be emphasized that negligence and law qualification are the main enemies of any safety system. Independently on the safety level, if the workers ignore safety rules, the injuries, and even deaths are inevitable. Consequently, the proper environment also entails the high safety awareness and constant qualification improvement of the employees. Observation of safety rules should be encouraged, even though this principle is of high importance for the workers themselves. As for the matters of proper equipment, Barat (2006, p. 632) emphasized the following statement in his research: “The International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 61496-1/-2 is the international standard for design and construction of light curtains, and specifies two types: Type 2 and Type 4. Type 4 light curtains typically are used for higher risk applications and comply with OSHA and ANSI requirements for control reliability because of the redundancy and automatic self-checking circuitry required of this type of device.” Consequently, the employees should be trained for using the particular equipment, and care of their safety themselves. In spite of the fact that insurance is available, workers should be encouraged to care for their own lives and health themselves. Conclusion Finally, it should be stated that optical safety systems and safety barriers require particular working environment, when workers and management are highly concerned on the matters of their safety. References Barat, K. Laser Safety Management (Optical Science and Engineering). CRC, 2006 Haynes, Scott, Sandy Shackelford, and Bryan Black. “Safety Regulations and the Employment in Automated Manufacturing Environments.” The Journal of Rehabilitation 73.1 (2007): 38. Hofmann, David A., and Lois E. Tetrick, eds. Health and Safety in Organizations: A Multilevel Perspective. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2003.
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Cultural Influences on Family Values and Habits Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Attitude to Communication with Children 3. External Factors 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction The formation of cultural competence and basic habits of behavior is largely due to the background of people and their established way of life. Many forms of communication, interaction, and approaches to work are the reflection of those skills and abilities that were obtained in the past and serve as the source of existing experience. The cultural influence of the family is perhaps the most significant factor determining personal life transitions and attitudes to different everyday aspects. Copying can be unconscious; nevertheless, these are basic habits that largely determine the character of the person’s future way of life. Therefore, one of the primary sources of cultural influence is family traditions and values laid down in childhood. Attitude to Communication with Children Having a close relationship with relatives, a person often adopts the manner of behavior of their loved ones. Perhaps, therefore, Chan claims that the fate of one family member can be influenced by the behavior of the other if there is a close relationship between them (71). The tradition of spending time with children, celebrating holidays in a close circle, pleasing one another with gifts – all these habits, as a rule, remain with people in adulthood. The US way of life largely determines the peculiarities of upbringing. Walking to the beach in summer and to the pool in winter is a typical American pastime. However, even following some of the local trends, it is possible to preserve native traditions, regularly maintaining the customs of the family and incorporating them into the US culture. Very often, children do not need to be aware of the worries of adulthood, and all they need is to understand that they are taken care of and are supported by their parents (Accawi 88). Thus, attitudes toward loved ones can be learned from experiences that parents have. External Factors In addition to family values and habits, some external factors can have a significant impact on people’s cultural preferences. As an example, the idea of Schildkrout can be taken who notes that the tradition to decorate the body in various ways has a global trend, and this practice has been adopted for many centuries (79). Also, the circle of communication is one of the crucial factors influencing cultural preferences of people. As Grande remarks, some acquaintances and friends who have a strong impact on a person form persistent preferences concerning certain life phenomena, which can also take a beginning in childhood (95). Therefore, external factors are no less important than family traditions and the type of upbringing. Conclusion Thus, cultural background is, in fact, the reflection of the human experience and preferences and is formed due to established habits that have their roots in the past. Family traditions and values play an essential role in the process of developing an individual culture and preferences regarding specific situations. In addition to behavioral patterns that are adopted from childhood, the circle of communication is of great importance in the process of personality development and the formation of cultural interests. Works Cited Accawi, Anwar F. “The Telephone.” One World, Many Cultures , edited by Stuart Hirschberg and Terry Hirschberg, 10th ed., Pearson, 2017, pp. 88-94. Chan, Sucheng. “You’re Short, Besides!” One World, Many Cultures , edited by Stuart Hirschberg and Terry Hirschberg, 10th ed., Pearson, 2017, pp. 71-78. Grande, Reyna. “The Distance Between Us.” One World, Many Cultures , edited by Stuart Hirschberg and Terry Hirschberg, 10th ed., Pearson, 2017, pp. 95-100. Schildkrout, Enid. “Body Art as Visual Language.” One World, Many Cultures , edited by Stuart Hirschberg and Terry Hirschberg, 10th ed., Pearson, 2017, pp. 79-87.
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Domestic Violence, Child Abuse, or Elder Abuse Essay The concepts of domestic violence and abuse refer to psychologically or physically aggressive behavior of one family member towards another. This aggression could take the form of beating, rape, screaming, and humiliation. Unfortunately, in the modern world, these are common phenomena. According to statics provided by Huecker et al. (2021), 10 million Americans per year suffer from violence and abuse. The victims of domestic violence and abuse feel depressed and helpless, and their self-esteem is also extremely low. Fear of the aggressor might force a victim to keep calm about the experience of being abused. Nonetheless, there are signs via which a provider could suspect domestic violence, child abuse, or elder abuse. If a woman arrives at the emergency room with bruises or fractures that do not as she slipped on the wet floor, a nurse could suspect that her partner beats her. In addition to that, victims are highly likely to be depressed and anxious even though they might try to hide these emotions (Lloyd, 2018). A provider has a reason to be concerned with child abuse if a young patient is underweighted without objective reason and is afraid of other adults. In addition to that, a child might get severely scared with a loud sound or sudden movement. As for older adults, a nurse could suspect abuse if they have bruises, broken glasses, or walking stick, show signs of depression, and fails to take medications properly. Another warning sign is the refusal of a caregiver to leave an older person alone with a nurse. Undoubtedly, caregivers might not be willing to leave in some cases because they worry about missing information on an older adults health. However, a strict refusal to follow the requests of the medical staff and negotiate is a bad sign. In every health facility, a nurse who notices the signs of abuse and domestic violence must report them to the relevant authorities. More precisely, in the case of child abuse, medical staff contacts social services via hotlines or a written statement. The fact of elder abuse should be reported to the agencies on adult protective services. Finally, a nurse should inform the local law enforcement of the case of domestic violence. Still, before informing the related agencies, a nurse should discuss the case with a physician or a nurse practitioner and exam the patient without the potential abuser in the room. References Huecker, M. R., King, K. C., Jordan, G. A., & Smock, W. (2021). Continuing education activity. StatPearls . Web. Lloyd, M. (2018). Domestic violence and education: Examining the impact of domestic violence on young children, children, and young people and the potential role of schools. Frontiers in psychology , 9 , 1-11. Web.
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Introduction 2. “United Fruit Company” Poem: Critical Analysis 3. “United Fruit Co”: Poem’s Significance in Today’s Context 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction This essay is an analysis of “The United Fruit Company” by Pablo Neruda. The original name of it is “La United Fruit Co”. The poem was published in Spanish in 1950 and later interpreted into English. Neruda’s “United Fruit Company” is a reflection on the situation in the Latin American countries during the early and mid 20th century. That follows a wave of imperialism exercised by the international corporations established in the Middle American countries. Those include the Coca-Cola Company, the Anaconda Mining Company, the Ford Motors, and the United Fruit Company. Bucheli argues that the United Fruit Company was the American company that had established the most political and economic influence in the so-called ‘‘Banana Republics’’ (9). That was a term coined by an American writer Henry, to refer to the backward Latin American countries, whose governments had been taken over by dictators, supported by the multinationals from the United States. The multinationals had influenced the governments of these countries to the extent that the tyrant, who ruled in those days, suppressed workers strikes using government bodies such as the military and the police in favor of the companies. The meaning of the poem ‘‘United Fruit Company’ stands out as relevant during those times in several ways. “United Fruit Company” Poem: Critical Analysis Considering the political situations during those times, Pablo Neruda’s ‘‘United Fruit Company’’ is relevant as far as timing is concerned since the people needed the information contained in the poem. That is the satirical portrayal of the multinationals, who had invaded the countries rather than doing what they had disguised themselves as doing. They worsened the situation through exploiting the workers, bribing the dictators in power during those days, and manipulating the decisions of such leaders to their advantage. Those companies influenced the region since they rewarded the leaders who sacrificed their people in exchange for favors. An excellent example is the Banana Massacres, where the military opened fire to a group of striking workers, killing an estimated 2000 workers and wounding others. In the poem, P.Neruda uses the metaphor of the flies to refer to the tyrants who benefited by killing their citizens to gain favors and resources from these dominating companies. The success of the poem “The United Fruit Company” does not fall in that it encouraged the people to take up arms against such companies as the ‘‘United Fruit Co’’. It also gives a more in-depth insight into the situations with the banana countries under the influence of the tyrants such as Trujillo, Tacho, Martinez, and Ubico. Pablo Neruda uses biblical phrases in the poem to satirize the justification that imperialism received in comparison to the corruption and evil deeds committed by these companies. This poem and other works by other artists of the time, such as Miguel Angel Asturias and Gabriel Garcia Marquez, are responsible for the rise of the rebellions and resistance that resulted in many revolutions in Latin America. Pablo Neruda’s “United Fruits Company” is timeless as far as the issue it sought to address remains. That includes the aspects of Neo-Colonialism and Imperialism, which exercised on many developing nations by the developed countries. “United Fruit Co”: Poem’s Significance in Today’s Context The many multinational corporations established almost in every corner of the world are considered the quintessential representatives of the imperialist governments that they represent. In this regard, the aspects of these corporations, as addressed in Pablo Neruda’s poem, still hold. These include worker exploitation and the habits of exercising control over decision making organs and promoting corruption in the countries where they establish their businesses rather than improve the economies. These companies are considered the major causes of increased corruption rates in developing countries. They do this by influencing a minority of the key decision-makers to ensure that they are exempted from taxes and that they get significant profits at the expense of the workers who do the real working and at the same time promote poverty in that they deplete the country of its resources. “With the bloodthirsty flies, came the Fruit Company amassed coffee and fruit in ships which put to sea like overloaded trays with the treasures from our sunken lands” ( Neruda line 20). Here Pablo Neruda elaborates the notion held by most developing countries multinational cause commotions in these countries, almost causing civil wars and other political unrests and eventually leaving the countries torn by these and going back with the loot they take from these countries to their nations. This explains most of the perceivable actions of the multinationals involved in mining in mineral-rich countries such as the central African country of DRC. Conclusion In summary, Pablo Neruda’s “United Fruit Company” has a timeless significance as far as the elaboration of the operations of multinational corporations in the developing countries is concerned. Though the poem was written more than 50 years ago, its meaning, theme, and message are clear for the people who live today. That is because the company names may have changed, but their objectives and manners of operation and exercising imperialism remain the same these days. These companies engage the same strategies that they used to influence the rulers of those days. ‘‘United Fruit Company’’ poem can work with only the name of the company being replaced with another that is operating these days. Otherwise, it passes for an informative piece of masterwork. Works Cited Bucheli, Marcello. Good Dictator, Bad Dictator: United Fruit Company and Economic Nationalism in Central America in the Twentieth Century , 2006. Web. Neruda, Pablo. The United Fruit Co . Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009. Print.
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Sound evidence-based management advanced the overall quality of nursing administration and leadership (Scoble & Russell G, 2003). Introduction of conceptualized practice provides greater opportunities for change and transformation. * Successful functioning and roles influence: + Effectiveness of techniques used in treating patients; + Safety of services delivered to patients; + Patient-oriented approach for creating a favorable environment; + Development of a strong and extensive network aimed at improving cooperation between nurses; + Quality of patient care with regard to cultural and social issues; + Effective time management of daily operations. The effectiveness of the Individual in the role Distinguishing between leadership and management is crucial for improving organizational process in a health care environment (Zaleznik, 2003). Knowledge of leadership theories and concepts can help the individual achieve established goals in the workplace and advance the quality of care (Roussel et al., 2009). The nurse administrator should realize his/her values, missions, and goals to implement corresponding strategies. In this respect, a patient-oriented approach and quality improvement are the pillars of successful management (Garvin et al., 2008). * A good manager: + is able to implement efficient intervention models; + takes control of processes, regulations and procedures; + operates within paradigms. * A good leader: + works out efficient plans for improving the quality of services; + is engaged with underpinnings and reasons why a particular concepts is introduced; + operates beyond the established paradigms. There is a tangible differences between management and leadership in terms of controlling and monitoring processes, regulations and polices within the organization. In this respect, these spheres differentiate with regard to styles, paradigms, and modes used by nurse administrators. Specifically, management is more concerned with adhering to the already established norms and standards whereas leadership seek to identify the way through which those norms can be improved and advanced to introduce high quality and safety to a medical setting. Learning Experience: Leadership vs. management with regard to professional practice Leadership skills are crucial for enhancing , advancing, and innovating the quality of healthcare delivery (Zaleznik, 2003). Possessing a complex of communicational and diplomatic skills enable managers to take control activities and procedures held at hospital. Managerial skills contribute greatly to establishing strict ethical, moral, and legal codes that should be followed by members of the organization (Roussel et al., 2009). Learning experience: Organizational structure * Self-regulation and self-governance are key factors driving the integration of effective organizational elements. * Greater awareness of organizational structure makes nurse professionals face challenges and difficulties more effectively (Linder, 2005). * Successful re-organization can be carried out with the emphasis placed on accountability and responsibility. * Ability to resist critical situations and encounter unforeseen complications is the most important condition for introducing effective decision-making and problem-solving models to organizations (Coutu, 2003). Learning Experience: Implementing change within the Organization * Careful planning determines organizational directives and define objectives that are indispensible to organization’s success (Garvin et al., 2008); * The nurse administrator should be aware of accurate goals and strategies to be implemented to enforce organization’s competitive edge (Pfeffer & Sutton, 2006); * In order to be competent in the sphere of management and planning, a manager should gain experience in measuring and controlling the processes and activities performed within the organization (Pfeffer & Sutton, 2006); * Such skills as leadership, ability to set the vision of an organization and coordinate the staff are the core for achieving success. Learning Experience with regard to legal issues and regulations * Risk management: + Problem identification and analysis; + Presentation of solutions and possible changes; * Safety insurance: + Trustworthiness, honesty, and integrity contribute to creating a safe environment; + Safety and quality are two foundational values of medical organizations; * Quality control and assurance: + Accreditation seeks to evaluate the level of quality introductions to a health care setting; + Readiness to introduce changes improving the quality. Learning experience: Quality management * The implementation of a collaborative approach to a health care environment is beneficial in terms of quality improvement and management (Block and Sredl, 2006); * Quality management is predetermined by the extent to which an organization is involved in specific training programs aimed at widening nurses’ competence and experience and managing difficult situations; * The development of a strong working environment is the basic condition for building a high quality network introducing international standards and norms (Roussel et al., 2009); * Introduction of transparent systems and deeper analysis of quality of work is the basis for organizational success. Learning experience: Information Management. Reference List Block, V., and Sredl, D. (2006). Nursing Education and Professional Practice: A Collaborative Approach to Enhance Retention. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development. 22(1), 23-28. Coutu, D. L. (2003). Sense and reliability: A conversation with celebrated psychologist Karl E. Weick. Harvard Business Review, 81 (4), 84-90. Garvin, D. A., Edmondson, A. C., & Gino, F. (2008). Is yours a learning organization? Harvard Business Review, 86 (3), 109-116. Pfeffer, J. & Sutton, R.I. (2006). Evidence-based management. Harvard Business Review , 84(1), 63-74. Roussel, L., Swansburg, R. C., & Swansburg, R. J. (Eds.). (2009). Management and leadership for nurse administrators (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Scoble, K. B., & Russell G. (2003). Vision 2020, part I: Profile of the future nurse leader. Journal of Nursing Administration, 33 (6), 324-330. Zaleznik, A. (2003). Managers and leaders: Are they different? Harvard Business Review, 18 (3), 171-177.
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The Chemical Communication System Essay (Critical Writing) Basically, chemical communication is the understanding a community has with the planet Earth. With the environment, be it economics or politics, this communication usually affects the relationship one has with the Earth. To evaluate this properly, the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences (EPS) uses a scientific approach that includes many aspects of chemistry, physics and biology. Following these studies, challenges have been noted to affect this communication. Understanding this communication system is one major challenge that is faced especially in physics. In relation to physics, the evaluation of the calculation of quasiparticle decay times based on many-body perturbation theories. This is visible in a representation of the quasiparticle in angular momentum verses the energy coordinates. The particle confirms to have properties instantly different from Fermi-liquid. The calculations explain the great stability and long-lived nature proving their competence for application in molecular electronics. Chemical communication also faces the proximity mechanism that unravels it. This can be dealt with by viewing a variety of specialties in Biology. The appropriate elaboration of this communication is through the study of Biological Engineering, which is an application of different concepts and methods of biology to get solutions to life sciences. This branch of engineering uses the fast growth of knowledge called Molecular Biology to learn and improve on daily application with living organisms. This study has shown that chemical communication causes cohering or sticking together especially physically so as to end up with a continuous homogeneous group. The force takes effect at an insensible distance that goes against the law of variation. Thirdly, unsolved questions of chemical communications are also a major challenge. This system of communication that is better known as pheromones is often used by many animals for diverse purposes. Communication is achieved by use of chemical marks and chemical scents. They are both used to mark their territory or attract the opposite sex for mating. Through this, animals can also smell their prey and note the presence of other animals. Giving examples of this, the male lion, who is a loner, marks its territory for over 100 square miles. The Canada Lynx urinates on trees and tree trunks to mark their zone. On the other hand, the snake uses its forked tongue to collect pheromones of other animals in the atmosphere. In addition, scents can be used to identify members of a family, like in the case of the mule deer that has scent glands on its legs. Last, but not least, the domestic cat, that has scent glands at the end of its tail, forehead, and their mouth, rubs its head against someone or something to mark its territory. Among our society, chemical communication can be either a cause of confidence or insecurity. An approach to the society with honesty and faithfulness may mark boundaries to be reached and realistic understanding to be attained. Nevertheless, with wrong intentions and approaches to the society, this may activate danger sensors, and may result in extinction of relationships. Chemical communication has proven to be one of the strongest technical modes of communication on the Earth. Communication is accomplished not only among humans, but also with animals and plants. Through the evolution of communication systems, this type of communication has and will always remain constant in the universe.
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Ethical Decision-Making Models in Guerilla Government Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main text 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Public administration is a sphere of undertaking challenges. The work of any manager is marked with a range of doubtful decisions and contradictory questions. The problem within the public administration sphere arises when the manager, supported and assisted by guerilla government, takes the actions that stand in conflict with the principles of ethics or embraces guerilla tactics himself. According to Terry Cooper (2012), ethical issues arise when “competing or conflicting ethical principles or values are embedded in a practical problem” (p. 85). Naturally, such ethical issues concern both the employers who feel their absolute power and the employees who are afraid to contradict their managers’ decisions. Main text In his book on guerilla government, professor Rosemary O’Leary (2014) illustrates several cases in which guerilla employees tend to give up on their responsibilities and obligations for the sake of retaining their posts. For instance, the author describes many stories connected with the Environmental Protection Agency’s Seattle Regional Office, specifically with the guerilla government working within it. One of such cases concerns John Spencer who headed the mentioned establishment in 1981-1983. At the time of his directory, John Spencer committed several illegal actions as a public administrator. First, he used to take some trips to Alaska at public expense. Second, Spencer ordered the services of a private driver, which contradicted the agency’s policy. Besides, the administrator launched some changes in the Environmental Protection Agency office building, which was forbidden by the General Services Administration. Therefore, one of the staff members of the agency filed an anonymous complaint against him. However, the director of the Management Division who held responsibility for the review of similar reports did not react to the alarm. According to him, the subordinate workers had no right to disagree with the rules that were established by the management. Consequently, he decided to ignore the complaint (O’Leary, 2014). In this case, one may view the example of how the guerilla employee committed a harsh violation of federal law in an attempt to cover up his manager’s illegal actions. Specifically, the director of the Management Division broke several principles of ethical conduct outlined by federal law. The rules that were violated are the following: “public service is a public trust, requiring employees to place loyalty to the Constitution, the laws and ethical principles above private gain”, “employees shall act impartially and not give preferential treatment to any private organization or individual”, “employees shall protect and conserve Federal property…” (An Ethics Pamphlet for Executive Branch Employees, 2000). The major reason the director chose to embrace guerrilla tactics, in this case, is his striving to retain the position, while Spencer’s ‘reign of terror’ seemed threatening for him. Consequently, could not dare to interfere with the administrator’s decisions. Moreover, through absolute obedience, the guerrilla employee was trying to get an advancement on his post. His attempt was successful as one can deduce from his resume: in 1984 the worker was promoted from the position of Deputy Director to the post of Director of the Environmental Services Division. One should consider, though, that the politics of reticence is the politics of destruction: its consequences always reveal themselves and inflict inevitable punishment: in 1992 the guerrilla employee was reduced on his post to the special assistant (O’Leary, 2014). The results of guerilla government politics always influence the organization. In the case that was described by O’Leary (2014), the tactics of the employee damaged the Environmental Protection Agency’s budget and slowed down the track of payments within the company. To prevent the consequences, the Director of the Management Division was supposed to inform the highest federal structures about the illegal politics of John Spencer immediately. On this occasion, the director could be dismissed from his post. Moreover, such an act could become a crucial lesson for the staff of the Environmental Protection Agency, while it would prove that any employee has an ethical obligation to protect his/her rights at the workplace as well as report upon any violations committed by administrators. The issue that often contributes to guerilla politics’ distribution is the managers’ habit to avoid decision-making. According to R. Jackall (2010), “decisions are only made when they are inevitable” (p. 89). This matter is one more reason that explains the manager’s behavior in the case with John Spencer. It seems easier for any employee to discard the problem to avoid the responsibility for its outcome. Nevertheless, the issue of ethical responsibility can not disappear together with this problem. It stays with an employee and destroys his working environment. To mind the ethical side in one’s work, one can apply Cooper’s decision model that turns to be successful in similar matters. This model can encourage an employee to establish long-term ethical decisions for future work (Bradley, 2012). Considering the consequences of one’s own decisions provides excellent guidelines on how one should approach the challenges at work thoughtfully and efficiently, without the application of guerilla tactics. Conclusion Finally, to avoid the usage of guerilla politics within one’s work, it is crucial to realize what one’s primary vocation is. In his article, Chad Newswander (2014) points out: “employees must accept that their initial title or role is that of a citizen” (p.126). Thus, it is a direct responsibility of every employee and employer to serve the state, instead of separate individuals or organizations. References An Ethics Pamphlet for Executive Branch Employees. (2000). Web. Bradley, J. (2012). How to Apply the Cooper’s Decision Model. Chron. Web. Cooper, T. (2012). The Responsible Administrator: An Approach to Ethics for the Administrative Role. NY: John Wiley & Sons. Jackall, R. (2010). Moral Mazes: The World of Corporate Managers. NY: Oxford University Press. Newswander, C. (2014). Guerilla Statesmanship: Constitutionalizing an Ethic of Dissent. Public Administration Review, 75(1), 126-134. Oleary, R. (2014). The Ethics of Dissent: Managing Guerilla Government (2nd ed.). Washington DC: CQ Press.
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A Streetcar called Desire Analytical Essay Overview This is a novel on two sisters and their love lives. Blanche, a school teacher from Laurel, Mississippi arrives to stay with her sister, Stella in New Orleans who is married to Stanley. She has lost her family fortune and estate due to a mortgage foreclosure. She is highly critical and snobbish when she regards the cramped up apartment that her sister and her husband lives in. She is also critical of the fact that it is in a noisy, working class neighborhood although she does not have enough money for a hotel. Her condescending manner causes her to have conflict with Stanley. Later, during a poker game when Blanche starts flirting with his friend called Mitch; Stanley gets violent and even beats his wife when she defends her sister. Blanche dislikes Stanley and advises her sister to leave him. Unfortunately Stanley overhears the conversation and tells her he knows of her Sordid past. Stanley tells Mitch of the immoral life Blanche has lived. He reveals that Blanche had not been given leave from teaching due to her bad nerves as earlier stated but that she had been fired as she had been having an affair with a teenage student. After losing the family home, she had stayed in dirt cheap hotel where she had been evicted due to her numerous sexual liaisons. On her birthday, Mitch does not come after learning of her past. He later tells her he can never marry her due to her past. Mitch pays for her transport ticket back to Mississippi. Stella gives birth and when Mitch arrives home he finds Blanche very drunk. They start fighting and he eventually rapes her. Blanche’s mind cannot deal with her desperate state of affairs and she eventually goes mad. She is taken to an insane asylum. Stella cries as her sister leaves while Stanley comforts her. She does not believe her husband raped her sister. Blanche’s Snobbery Blanche is fascinated with beautiful clothes, make-up, money and beautiful surroundings which she lets her sister and her husband know. She is an aging woman who is concerned with her fading beauty. She wears her showy but cheap evening clothes to attract men however she conceals her age. When she arrives in Stella’s neighborhood she asks her how she could have stooped so low to live in such poor conditions. She further makes disparaging comments about her husband who has come from a lower class and is of polish descent. Her patronizing and condescending attitude and snobbery however are not real. They are a cover-up of the problems that she is going through in her own life. It is a mask to hide the hideousness of the world she lives in (Paller, 1987, pg148) She wants to erase her past, she tells her sister, “Here I am, all freshly bathed and scented, and feeling like a brand new human being!” (Williams,1980, 37). She chooses to wear a lot of white clothes yet they symbolize purity and innocence which is not true of her (Sontag, 2010, pg 6). She portrays that she is a woman of dignity yet it is a lie. When Stanley offers her a drink of whiskey she tells him she does not drink much. She is hurting and lonely, desiring a fulfilling relationship with a man. She is an individual who refuses to deal with the reality of her own state of affairs (Skiba, 2008, pg11). She is not real. The reality is too harsh for her mind to absorb it. She cannot even afford to stay in a hotel and lost the family home yet she criticizes where her sister lives with her husband. She eats their food, sleeps on their furniture and gets drunk on their liquor (Welch, 2009). She desires to portray a perfect picture to people especially to men as she hopes to win their love. She lies to Mitch about who she is until Mitch finds out the truth and is disgusted. She tells Mitch, “I don’t want realism. I want magic! Yes, yes, magic! I try to give that to people. I misrepresent things to them. I don’t tell the truth, I tell what ought to be the truth. And if that is sinful, then let me be damned for it!” (Williams, 1980, 117). Stanley is able to see through her fake snobbery and acknowledge that she is a woman with a lot of emotional and social problems. She does not like the light which is symbolic of her pretense life. She tells her sister, “But don’t you look at me, Stella, no, no, no, not till later, not till I’ve bathed and rested! And turn that over-light off! Turn that off! I won’t be looked at in this merciless glare!” (Williams, 1980, pg18-19). She lives in a world of fantasy and when Mitch rejects her and Stanley rapes her, her mind is taken over completely by her fantasies. She has delusions that her former lover, Shep Huntleigh, who is rich, will come and rescue her from her realities (Walker, 2010). Works Cited Paller, Michael. “A Room which is not empty: A Streetcar called Desire and the question of Homophorbia”. A Streetcar called Desire . Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publications. 1987. Skiba, Melanie. The Character of Blanche Dubois in “A Streetcar Called Desire”. Germany: GRIN Verlag oHG. 2008. Print. Sontag, Ilona. Illusion and Reality in A Streetcar called Desire . Germany: GRIN Verlag oHG. 2010. Print. Walker, Justine. Sexuality, Fantasy, and a Streetcar Named Desire . Web. Welch, Camille-Yvette. “World War II, Sex, and Displacement in A Streetcar Named Desire”. Critical Insights , 1(2009) : 23-40. Williams, Tennessee. A Streetcar Named Desire . New York: Signet Printing, 1980. Print.
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Halloween and Dia de Los Muertos Celebrations Essay Table of Contents 1. Origin 2. Symbols of Celebration 3. Role of the celebrations 4. Works Cited Origin Halloween was celebrated by the Celtic inhabitants to mark the beginning of the New Year celebrations. Pope Gregory IV marked November 1 as All Saints Day (Ankerberg, Weldon &Burroughs 10). The Druids were the priests, and the educated class of the Celtic group. Halloween was first celebrated by the ancient Druids who originated from India. The Celtic group inhabited northern France, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. Ankerberg, Weldon & Burroughs note that the Halloween has borrowed practices of “more folk customs the world round than will ever be sorted out” (9). Dia de Los Muertos is considered as the Day of the Dead. It was celebrated by the Toltecs, Mayans, and Aztecs for many centuries before it was incorporated into the Catholic church beliefs. The Catholics recognized saints, and those who died in their childhood they considered as “little saints” (Untiedt 148). The dates for Halloween and Dia de Los Muertos coincide. According to Untiedt, “All Souls Day, or as it is known in Mexico and the American west, El Dia de Los Muertos” is celebrated formally on November 2. Symbols of Celebration The Dia de Los Muertos celebrations are similar to the Celtic beliefs that the spirits of the dead are roaming around the villages during such times. Those who walked at night had to wear masks to trick the ghosts. People lit fire to scare away ghosts (Untiedt 147). The Celtic groups believed that the God of the dead was converting evil souls to animals or incarnating souls that were considered good. This happened at the beginning of the year, which was in November according to their religious belief (Ankerberg, Weldon & Burroughs 10). Role of the celebrations Halloween is considered a holiday of “rebellion, reversal, and resistance” as presented by Maclain (73). Initially, it was considered a time of feasting, courtship rituals, and themed costumes in the 18 th and 19 th centuries (Maclain 71). Halloween celebrations were later followed by acts of violence by the young adults in the U.S.A. until it was reinvented by the aged. Halloween was at first celebrated only by adults but currently these are children and young people who celebrate the holday most of all. In the traditional setting, the Celtic group believed in appeasing the God of Hades. This made them sacrifice humans until it was banned by the Romans in 61 A.D. (Belk para. 4). According to Belk, “ after the feast, the ghosts were led out of town by costumed villagers” (para. 5). The people laid more emphasis on treating and tricking ghosts or the devil. In modern practice, children trick adults for gifts. This follows the example of the Irish drunkard who is believed to have tricked the Devil for an alcoholic drink, and climbed an apple tree. Most cultures emphasize the need to overcome the fear of the dead through Halloween and Dia de Los Muertos celebrations. Perceived as Japan’s biggest Halloween parade taken four days ago This image above represents an illustration of the wya Halloween can be celebrated across different nations. In the given picture it is Japan. The costumes are used to gull ghosts; the costumes are stylish and expensive. The crowd of people is huge meaning that those who died happily celebrate their presence on earth Works Cited Ankerberg, John, John Weldon and Dillon Burroughs. The Facts on Halloween , Oregon: Harvest House Publishers, 2008. E-book. Belk, Russell. “ Halloween: an Evolving American Consumption Ritual “, Advances in Consumer Research Vol. 17 (1990): 508-517. Web. Maclain, Adrienne. Playing on the Edge: Performance, Youth Culture, and the United State,. Ann Arbor: ProQuest Information and Learning Company, 2006. E-book. Untiedt, Kenneth. Death Lore: Texas Rituals, Superstitions, and Legends of the Hereafter , Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2008. E-book.
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Studies indicate that almost 1 in 3 American adults are suffering from hypertension. One unfortunate thing is that the condition is more prevalent among African Americans than among whites. Hypertension is known to begin at an earlier age and is usually very severe. Research also indicates that African Americans are more likely to develop difficulties that are related to high blood pressure. This is inclusive of stroke, kidney disease, heart disease, dementia, and blindness. Although there is still no definite reason as to why hypertension is a common issue among African Americans, researchers believe that certain factors are likely to trigger hypertension among them. In this article, Heckler et al (2008) evaluated the common beliefs and lifestyle behaviors concerning hypertension among African Americans as well as their hypertension management. The authors also examined medication adherence, lifestyle, and self reducing behaviors among the population. Heckler et al (2008) indicated that there is a close relationship between hypertension- caused by factors such as weight, age, and diet- and lower systolic blood pressure among African Americas. The authors also indicated that stress, as a factor for cause and control of hypertension, was related to involvement in stress-related behaviors as opposed to blood pressure. This article presented significant findings concerning studies carried out on hypertension among African Americans. This is because most of the previous research has only suggested the value of lifestyle behaviors but not stress-reducing behaviors as some of the significant modes of managing hypertension among African Americas. However, the research is grazed by several limitations such as reliance on one reading while assessing pressure control, assessment of behaviors by interview, and using cross-sectional study design to support causal interpretation (Heckler et al., 2008). Nevertheless, this article has significant implications in nursing practice. It can be used to improve disease management and control among hypertensive Africa Americans. This article discusses the relationship between the glomerular number, birth weight, and blood pressure among African Americans and their white counterparts. In the article, Hughson et al. (2006) assert that low birth weight and low nephron number may result in hypertension development in Whites but not African Americans. One of the strengths of this research is its ability to investigate other risk factors that may be associated with hypertension disproportionality among blacks. Although many types of research have investigated the prevalence of hypertension among African Americans, few have been concerned with risks factors associated with hypertension. However, although Hughson et al. (2006) indicated that the number of nephrons may contribute to hypertension, there are other factors, other than the nephron number that also contribute to elevated blood pressures. Nevertheless, this article has significant applicability to nursing practice. The findings, for instance, maybe significant to other studies that hold that there are differences in hypertension pathogenesis in African Americans compared with their white counterparts. In this article, Klymko et al. (2008) investigated the association of cognitive impairments with hypertension-related self-care, cognitive function, and blood pressure among the African-American older population. They found out that African American elders indicated a high prevalence of cognitive impairments and other co-morbidities confirming the association of cognitive impairment and co-morbidities with hypertension (Klymko et al., 2008). Although the sample size in this research appeared to be too small to bring about comprehensive research findings, this article provides significant support to various researches that have been carried out on hypertension prevalence among African Americans. Various studies have cited genetics, weight, increased age, smoking, high dietary salt and fat, little physical activity, low ingestion of potassium, and diabetes to be the major contributors. Therefore, this article can be useful for nurses who provide patient education to elders with hypertension. Usually, elders with cognitive impairment may be susceptible to incorrect medication use which may, in turn, affect their hypertension management efforts. Hypertension is a common disease in the United States and almost 1 in 3 American adults are suffering from hypertension. However, several studies have indicated that African Americans are more likely to develop difficulties that are related to high blood pressure compared to their white counterparts. As a result, more research has been carried out to determine the contributing factors to such disproportion in hypertension prevalence. Klymko et al. (2008) investigated the prevalence of cognitive impairments and examined the relationship among hypertension-related self-care, cognitive function, and blood pressure among the African-American older population. They indicated that African American elders showed a high prevalence of cognitive impairments and other co-morbidities confirming the association of cognitive impairment and co-morbidities with hypertension. Another research by Hughson et al. (2006) investigated the relationship between the glomerular number, birth weight, and blood pressure among African Americans and their white counterparts. They asserted that low birth weight and low nephron number may result in hypertension development in Whites but not African Americans. Heckler et al (2008) also examined the common sense beliefs and behaviors concerning hypertension among African Americans as well as their hypertension management concerning Leventhal’s commonsense model of self-regulation (CSM). They indicated that there is a close relationship between hypertension- caused by factors such as weight, age, and diet- and lower systolic blood pressure among African Americas (Heckler et al., 2008). Although various limitations were inherent in every study or article, these articles provided significant applicability to nursing practice. References Heckler, E. B., Lambert, J., Leventhal, E., Leventhal, H., Jahn, E., & Contrada, R.J. (2008). Common sense illness beliefs, adherence behaviors, and hypertension control among African Americans. Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 31: 391-400. Hughson, M. D., Douglas-Denton, R., Bertram, J. F., & Hoy, W. E. (2006). Hypertension, glomerular number, and birth weight in African Americans and white subjects in the southeastern United States. International Society of Nephrology, 69, 671-678. Klymko, K.W., Artinmina, N.T., Washington, G.M., Lichtenberg, P. A, & Vander Wal, S.J. (2008). Effect of Impaired Cognition on Hypertension Outcomes in Older Urban African Americans. MEDSURG Nursing, 17(6): 405-410.
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The Effect of the Industrial Revolution 1700 in Society Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Business Sphere 3. Working Class 4. Family life 5. References Introduction The Industrial Revolution of 1700s was spread through the whole Europe and influenced lives of many people. It brought a lot of changes into the sphere of business, economy, politics and technology. The production methods and communication means were rapidly improved in the quality. Such spheres as medicine and education faced changes as well. A lot of new reforms were carried out which transformed the life conditions of that time on another level. In general it was a new era in technological development. New methods of work, business and industry development were under the impact of Industrial Revolution which brought both positive and negative changes to the social life. Business Sphere It should be stressed that the sphere of business was not greatly developed before Industrial Revolution. Rapid development of the technological area made impact on the development of different spheres of business. Before the Industrial Revolution the amount of business enterprises was not so great. The revolution resulted in the growth of cities and people who preferred to live in the urban area. Thus, new ways of business appeared together with the rapid development of the economy. As an example one could observe the emergence of many Economical Enterprises which were aimed at the cooperation with other countries of the Europe. The Industrial Revolution positively influenced the development of the business field and brought a lot of innovation to the technological area. Some companies started the production of new technologies which could change the level of business life. Enterprises were equipped with new machinery and the productivity was rapidly improved. Such situation caused by the Industrial Revolution covered almost all big centers of the Europe and changed the life of the social groups who were busy in this sphere. (Watkins, 2003) Working Class In comparison with upper class which comprised rich business and industrial families facing improvement and rapid development of the business sphere, ordinary people referring to the working class suffered negative causes of the Industrial Revolution. A lot of people lived in the villages before the Industrial Revolution. They were busy at their farms and had normal standards of life. Former farmers had to live their places and farming because the situation of usual social norms was replaced by the technological innovations. People faced poor living and working conditions. Working in factories resulted in major illnesses and deaths. Little pay and long hours of work made people’s life unbearable. Factory workers had to live in different special overcrowded buildings and as a result many forms of diseases became spreading among working society. Besides, women and children had to work as well. Thus, industrial revolution changed the life of working class for the worse and brought a lot of troubles in the families. (Goldstein, 2008) Family life Ordinary family life when women brought up their children and men worked at their farms was rapidly changed. Class division played an important role for the establishment of the living norms. Middle and Upper classes where people were doing business enjoyed the epoch. Their children got education and women stayed at home just cooking and bringing them up. In comparison with the working class their life was on the high level. Low prices allowed them to build new houses, which were more beautiful and convenient. Working class was a so called method for the price decrease. All the members of such families had to work hard, even children from 8 years old. They faced poor conditions of working and living. (Powers, 2007) Thus, the Industrial Revolution influenced the spheres of life differently. The level of Industrial development was high but the conditions of life brought a lot of troubles and even deaths to the society. References Powers, Michelle. Industrial Revolution: Was life Better or Worse for People of this Time? NY., 2007. Watkins, Jeffery. Industrial Revolution: Rapid Changes. Oswego City School. 2003. Goldstein, Michael. The Industrial Revolution and the Effects on Society. 2008.
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The “Death of an Infant” Poem by Lydia Huntley Sigourney Essay I chose to analyze the poem “Death of an Infant” because it is susceptible and appeals to the author’s feelings. The poem, through metaphorical images, describes a terrible event in the life of any woman, which is the death of a newborn baby. The touching love that the writer implies into drawing the features of a tender infant is impressive, “There was a tint of rose //O’er cheek and lip; – he touch’d the veins with ice” (line 3). Sigourney depicts death as something animate, an entity that has taken away a tiny soul that has just appeared into the world, “Death found strange beauty on that cherub brow” (line 1). Finally, Sigourney concludes, “Death gazed and left it there; – he dared not steal // The signet-ring of Heaven” (lines 14-15). The reader thus learns that the author considers the death of an infant to be innocent and doomed to eternal life in the Kingdom of God. The accuracy of conveying the mother’s feelings about who lost the child and the subtle vivid description of the event leaves no doubt that Sigourney is familiar with the story. Understandably, such a sorrowful experience leaves a significant traumatic imprint that probably has led to the desire to express feelings through poetry. Therefore, many of Sigourney’s poems are distinguished by such melancholic touchingness and appeal to maternal feelings. In general, in her poems, the author feels that she wanted to write about the vital, often traditionally hard. Given the realities of that time, one can imagine how difficult it was for her and how much disapproval she received. However, going through Sigourney’s poems, the reader understands that she certainly experienced a lot and could not help but express it through words and images. Reference Sigourney, L. H. (1997). Death of an infant. In She Wields a Pen: American Women Poets of the Nineteenth Century . University of Iowa Press.
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“Plunkitt of Tammany Hall” by George Plunkitt Essay George Washington Plunkitt was an American politician who was a member of Tammany Hall, a political organization in New York City. His memoirs, Plunkitt of Tammany Hall , discuss his opinions on various topics in politics. In particular, a lot of the chapters reflect Plunkitt’s thoughts on how a politician should behave. Although there are some positive aspects of his attitudes and behaviors in politics, Plunkitt’s views are rather controversial and could be considered an example of political manipulation. In his discussion of honest graft, Plunkitt argues that politicians should use their knowledge about proposed construction or development initiatives to increase their fortune. For example, Plunkitt writes that it is an example of an honest graft when a politician receives confidential information about public improvements and buys land in the area to sell it to the public at a higher price. The author sees this behavior as merely taking an opportunity, but in the contemporary political context, most people would view it as an example of corruption and abuse of political power (Roberts). However, it is also possible to view Plunkitt’s description from a different viewpoint. In his argument, the author encourages politicians to take opportunities that are offered to them. When considering this point in the context of political activism in general, it is rather benign and could help to strengthen the overall political landscape in America. For instance, it suggests that successful local politicians should seize opportunities to improve their influence and position in politics to have more impact. Hence, the principles of politicians’ behavior proposed by Plunkitt could be useful in some contexts. Plunkitt also describes behaviors that a politician should use in order to obtain more votes. For example, he argues that politicians should “study human nature and act accordin’.” In context, this means forming connections with the electorate by finding out more about them and their needs. Plunkitt uses an example of offering young singers to join Tammany Hall’s Glee Club, thus winning their love and respect and encouraging followership behavior. Here, Plunkitt’s strategy is patronage-based politics, which is widely criticized in contemporary democratic societies. Nevertheless, some suggest that the behaviors promoted by Plunkitt are not always bad and can be helpful in the modern political context. For example, Rauch mentions that patronage is the “grease” required for the political machine to work correctly. Thus, by gaining more followers through patronage, politicians can gain more influence and facilitate the adoption of helpful and fair politics. Upon a closer examination of the text, it is also evident that Plunkitt urges politicians to be closer to their people and respect them, which is a useful notion. Today, politicians often focus on one group of people and exclude others, distance themselves from the people, and create unfair policies. Plunkitt’s text can be viewed as a critique of that because he argues for the idea of understanding and respecting each person. For instance, when Plunkitt discusses immigrants, he states, “the Irishman is grateful. His one thought is to serve the city which gave him a home”. Hence, Plunkitt’s work sets out good standards for politicians with regard to the treatment of people. Overall, the ideas about the desirable politicians’ behavior presented by Plunkitt are often controversial and would not be received well in contemporary society. But the core principles behind these ideas are generally positive, and adhering to them would improve politicians’ actions and motivations. Thus, Plunkitt’s work is an essential read for political scholars and activists to understand the value of treating people with respect and seizing opportunities for development. Works Cited Plunkitt, George Washington. “Plunkitt of Tammany Hall.” Project Gutenberg . 2013. Web. Rauch, Jonathan. “ The Case for Corruption: Why Washington Needs More Honest Graft. ” The Atlantic . 2014. Web. Roberts, Sam. “ Bribery and Corruption, or ‘Honest Graft’? ” The New York Times . 2016. Web.
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Critical Thinking and Intelligence Analysis Coursework Structured Analytic Techniques for Improving Intelligence Analysis When speaking about structured analytic techniques for improving intelligence analysis, one is to think about common perceptual and cognitive biases which impact on mental processes. There is a need to point out that the so-called perceptual biases give us an opportunity to expect something. Such expectations seem to be rather strong and difficult to change even if some certain facts are presented. Biases in evaluating evidence are mostly associated with some reliable data, which are used to make certain conclusions. Biases in estimating probabilities give people an opportunity to recall certain events or to predict something. Biases in perceiving causality give us an opportunity to avoid certain errors. Generally, these biases as well as techniques (diagnostic techniques, contrarian techniques and imaginative thinking techniques) help people avoid certain rigid ways of thinking. Taking into account contemporary situations in politics, one can state that the listed types of biases always take place. For instance, the current president of the USA was sure that he didn’t fail the elections. “Many Harvard experts have predicted that today’s presidential election will bring a certain victory for Barack Obama” (Jain, 2008). So, perceptual biases took place. On the other hand, when speaking about the scientists who predicted war in various parts of the Earth, one can make a conclusion that biases in evaluating evidence as well as diagnostic techniques were used to make certain conclusions. Assessing the Tradecraft of Intelligence Analysis Generally, intelligence analysis cycle includes numerous processes, namely raw data distribution, processed data dissemination, analysis product dissemination, intelligence products dissemination, questions and issues, and resource-tasking collection management. All the processes consist of numerous sub processes, which help solve a problem. In my opinion, new analytical challenges can be used to develop new strategies or approaches towards complex issues. Thus, there are not only experts who can help gather or analyze evidence, but also individuals who can find numerous sources of data. Of course, intelligence analysis depends upon numerous criteria; however, the most important ones are considered to be the skills and level of knowledge of people who perform the analysis (in most cases, these people are the experts or the analysts). For some kinds of tasks, it is extremely important to possess special skills and knowledge. There are certain levels of the analysis, which require the use of various analytical skills. Numerous analytical tools seem also to be rather important in intelligence analysis. When talking about modern situations in politics, one is to keep in mind that analytical analysis takes place when there are certain opportunities in political risk. On the other hand, the country determines its foreign policy on the basis of various analytical data. “Different analytical techniques employing event data have been used in a variety of different studies in foreign policy analysis” (Schrodt, 1993). Critical Thinking and Intelligence Analysis When speaking about critical thinking and intelligence analysis, one is to keep in mind that to think critically doesn’t mean to think negatively. In other words, critical thinking is an ability to analyze the advantages and disadvantages concerning the subject of discussion. An ability to think critically means that a person understands the major points of the theme he or she is talking about. They say that critical thinking impacts on analytical process quality. One of the most important advantages of critical thinking is an ability to reshape some unreliable methods the analysts rely on. Critical thinking provides political leaders with an opportunity to appraise various political situations and take right decisions. “Regional, and national government offices, who call for political leaders to account for their actions, and who are ready to challenge the legitimacy of existing policies and political structures are critical thinkers” (Brookfield, 1987). Reference List Brookfield, Stephen D. 1987. Developing Critical Thinkers: Challenging Adults to Explore Alternative Ways of Thinking and Acting . San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Jain, Niharika S. Pundits Predict Obama Victory. The Harvard Crimson. (November, 4, 2008), https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2008/11/4/pundits-predict-obama-victory-many-harvard/ . Schrodt, Philip. 1993. Events Data in Foreign Policy Analysis . New York: Prentice Hall.
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The Industrial Revolution, Slavery, and Free Labor Essay Introduction The Industrial Revolution was a shift from manual to large-scale machine factory production that transformed the world economy. This process began in England in the late 18th century and spread to other European countries, the United States and Japan (More, 2000). Various concepts such as industrialization, capitalism, and slavery are interconnected with the Industrial Revolution. While this period enabled people to manufacture goods and improve the living standards of some groups, it also resulted in appalling working conditions and violence for others. The purpose of this paper is to describe the Industrial Revolution and the new forms of economic activity it created, including mass production and mass consumption, as well as discuss its connection to slavery. The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution can be seen as an important turning point in history as it had a remarkable impact on most aspects of people’s everyday life. The process began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and gradually brought the economy of the US and many European countries to a new level. The introduction of machines and mass production resulting from industrialization caused more individuals to move from rural areas to cities, which shifted the focus from agriculture as the main economic driver. Instead, industries such as manufacturing, building, and mining were becoming more widespread. Besides, according to More (2000), “the revolution lay not in the speed, but in the shift from a hitherto inevitable correlation between increasing population and declining income per person” (p. 15). As More (2000) reports, in turn, an increase of around 25% in income per person was seen across the economy between 1780 and 1831, in the period of the Industrial Revolution (p. 16). Due to invention and innovation, society from predominantly rural turned into urban. The New Forms of Economic Activity Mass Production Mass production is producing large volumes of standardized products in a constantly flowing manner. Through the course of the Industrial Revolution, the way goods were produced changed. For example, such techniques were used as production lines and standardized sizes. Furthermore, the division of labor principle was introduced, implying that each worker had expertise in performing a specific task. A set of such tasks involving several workers allowed for producing a final product at a reduced cost. In addition, mass production was possible thanks to the increasing use of machines in factories. This approach allowed for reducing human labor and eliminated errors of low-skilled workers, increasing the overall turnover (More, 2000). Besides, as More (2000) states, “the production increases for industries such as cotton and iron … are far higher than for other industries: output rose by one hundredfold or more” (p. 16). Coal, as well as water and steam power, were used to provide energy for factories and transportation systems. Besides, the Industrial Revolution meant that materials, people, and goods had to be transported, and this was done through canals and railroads. Overall, mass production contributed to rapid economic and social changes, as well as urbanization. Mass Consumption Mass consumption is another phenomenon related to the epoch of the Industrial Revolution. It accompanied mass production and can be defined as the process of buying standardized services and goods by a large number of customers (More, 2000). Before the Industrial Revolution began, people mostly produced things at home or in small workshops. In turn, factories enabled society to manufacture more products in a cheaper and faster way. As a result, new markets were opening in new cities, increasing the level of consumption. In addition, many people’s income was growing, which improved their buying power. This fact led to more goods being consumed by the population. According to More (2000), “in the case of other services, such as retailing, higher incomes will lead to greater expenditure on them” (p. 16). Rapid urbanization and industrialization also contributed to the growth of service output. In general, mass consumption depended on people’s prosperity, and the availability of large volumes of products produces through the use of factories and machinery. Connection to Slavery It should be stated that the Industrial Revolution had negative consequences along with positive achievements for society. In particular, slavery thrived thanks to mass consumption and production, creating free labor. According to Walvin (1996), by “the mid-eighteenth century, when the European appetite for African slaves seemed insatiable, Africa seemed the natural place to recruit labor for the Americas” (p. 9). In other words, the slave trade and plantation slavery were among the causes for the development of capitalism in the US and Europe. Sea-port towns were rising as a result of the transatlantic trade of enslaved laborers (Walvin, 1996). As can be seen, the achievements of the Industrial Revolution are connected to slavery and partly result from this unethical and inhumane practice. Conclusion In conclusion, the Industrial Revolution can be seen as a rapid transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy. Various concepts are associated with this process, including capitalism, urbanization, mass production, mass consumption, and slavery. While the Industrial Revolution had positive effects, such as a faster and cheaper production of goods and improved living standards, it also meant such disadvantages as poor working conditions, child labor, low wages, and violence. References More, C. (2000). Understanding the Industrial Revolution . Routledge. Walvin, J. (1996). Questioning Slavery . Routledge.
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The title and the scope of the project 2. The resources and personnel required 3. Leisure activities 4. The project aims 5. Objectives and methods 6. The benefits 7. References The title and the scope of the project The project can be entitled as follows: “Creating a creative and effective workplace”. The project will help the company to understand some needs of the employees and to address these needs. Employees will complete questionnaires concerning their hobbies and their family lives. ‘Active rest’ for employees will be constructed based on the employees’ responses. The resources and personnel required The project will be planned by a project manager. The project will embrace the entire staff of the company. The resources needed for the project implementation will depend on the employees’ preferences (making toys, origami, etc.). Leisure activities Admittedly, leisure activities can be very helpful in the workplace. These activities help people to have some rest. Many people have hobbies but do not have time for them. Satisfied and happy people perform better than tired and dissatisfied people. The project aims The project will help to improve the employees’ performance. Admittedly, it is a good idea to have time for leisure activities during working hours (Meyer 2010). The employees can be distracted from some tasks they fulfill during their working hours. This will help the employees to come up with new creative ideas. More so, some employees will be able to solve issues concerning their children and this is also very important (Christensen & Schneider 2010). For instance, they can help their children to make some toys for their classes. Objectives and methods According to Cleland and Ireland (2006) objectives should be fulfilled to support the mission of the company. Admittedly, each company has a mission aimed at improving the community’s well-being. Of course, profitability should also be taken into account. One of the objectives of the project is to improve the performance of the employees which will raise the profitability of the company. One more objective is to create a positive image of the company. It is possible to use an agile approach which presupposes addressing short-term objectives with minimum planning (Cobb 2011). Of course, the project manager will need to come up with a comprehensive schedule (Lock 2007). This will enable the project manager to evaluate the progress. The benefits Admittedly, the project can help the employees to perform better. The stakeholders will benefit from the project as the employees will work more effectively. More so, the company will become more attractive for employees and highly qualified professionals may be interested in working in the company. More so, the company would give more opportunities to employees with children. Finally, the implementation of the project will help to create a positive image of the company as the toys and things made by employees can be donated to various charity organizations. The comprehensive report will help the project manager to convince stakeholders of the project’s effectiveness. The stakeholders will properly evaluate the project as they will be able to see the costs, terms, methods, and expected outcomes. References Christensen, K., Schneider, B., 2010. Workplace flexibility: Realigning 20th-century jobs for a 21st-century workforce . New York, NY: Cornell University Press. Cleland, D., Ireland, L., 2006. Project management: Strategic design and implementation . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional. Cobb, C., 2011. Making sense of agile project management: Balancing control and agility. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Lock, D., 2007. Project management . Burlington, VT: Gower Publishing, Ltd. Meyer, P., 2010. From workplace to playspace: Innovating, learning and changing through dynamic engagement . San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.
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Divine Command Theory Essay Divine command theory is based on the idea that God is the determinant of right and wrong behavior. Religious groups such as Christians, Muslims and Jews follow laws contained in holy books that guide their worship activities. Holy books were written by wise people inspired by God and should be followed. God forbids morally wrong actions and encourages people to engage in morally upright activities. Violation of commandments of God is immorality. People will be held responsible for their actions on the final Day of Judgment. Theists disagree with divine command theory because they do not believe in the existence of God. There are also differences within believers. According to Plato, any act is neither good nor bad unless God has categorized it. This raises an issue of dilemma in some cases such as whether people should be truthful because God has commanded them or because it is good (Rachels & Rachels, 2011). According to Rachels and Rachels (2011), the criterion used to define wrong and right is not clear. For instance, in a case of child abuse where a child has been slapped, the action could be right if God wants it that way. In such a case, defining morality would be mysterious. The definition of what is moral makes commandments of God Arbitral because judgment depends on God. For instance, lying is not allowed. However, if God commanded it, it would be accepted. Conception of morality differs with moral principals. This is because the theory does not recognize effects of child abuse as long as punishment is based on Gods commandments. Divine command theorists argue that child abuse could be allowed if God was not in existence. The statement is invalid because if God was not there, then He could not be there to make child abuse wrong. Since child abuse is malicious, it would still be wrong. Religious texts give contradicting information that makes even believers have doubts in God’s commands. It is wrong for believers to say that the commandments given by God are arbitrary because He knows what best fits them. People should remain truthful because God requires them to do so. Believers should follow Gods wishes if they are to remain religious. Many theologians have rejected the theory because it is impious and untenable. Other thinkers like Saint Thomas Aquinas have explained the relationship between religion and morality in other ways (Rachels & Rachels, 2011). The Theory of Natural Law According to this theory, laws of nature govern human beings. According to Aristotle who lived between 384 and 322 B.C, everything that exists should serve a certain purpose. He gave the example of a knife that is used for cutting, different body parts that perform different functions in the body and rainfall that enables proper growth of plants. Many things exist in the world with each serving its own purpose making the world a rational and orderly system. Other scholars who followed later have supported Aristotle’s view. For instance, Christian thinkers accepted the view but added that the aspect of God was missing. They argued that human beings use animals because God made them to serve that purpose (Rachels & Rachels, 2011). Rachels and Rachels (2011) point out that the Natural theory describes the nature of things. People live in unity when everything is in place and every individual assumes his/her responsibilities in order to maintain social order. For examples, eyes that cannot see are functionless and this can be explained by the natural law. God created people to help each other. Naturally, human beings are social beings who need the company of other people. People who seem not to care about others (psychopaths) go against the natural law. Deviant sexual activities are condemned in the theory of natural law. Theorists argue that sex is meant for procreation. Practices like gay and masturbation are condemned. The Catholic Church bases its moral values on this theory. Apart from Catholics, the theory has few supporters; reasons being that not all natural things are good. Secondly, it brings about confusion because people must not engage in sex except for purposes of procreation. Lastly, natural law differs with science (Rachels & Rachels, 2011). The theory of natural law points out that determining right and wrong depends on one’s reasoning. Right actions should bring about good results. In this case, believers and non-believers follow in the same category of accessing moral truth. People have the ability to listen, think and make sound decisions. Natural theorists argue that morality is not dependent on religion (Rachels & Rachels, 2011). Reference Rachels, J. & Rachels, S. (2011). The elements of moral philosophy . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
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It was established by Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum, the Crown Prince of Dubai, in 1954 (Government of Dubai, “Dubai Municipality”). According to the official website of the government, it began as a small venture of 3 employees (Government of Dubai, “Dubai Municipality”). The central vision of Dubai Municipality is to develop a “happy and sustainable city” (Government of Dubai, Dubai Municipality Strategic Plan). Its mission is to plan, design, and manage a city that grants its residents all resources for sustainable living and success. The primary objectives of the organization are to ensure public safety, maintain the infrastructure of the city, work with the construction sector, protect the environment, and preserve the cultural heritage of Dubai. Currently, Dubai Municipality employs over 15,000 people who work in 32 departments (Government of Dubai, “Dubai Municipality”). Thus, it can be seen that workers are distributed according to their function. Nonetheless, the units in these parts of the organization also choose certain employees due to their unique skills. For example, the business development sector is further divided into the knowledge and innovation department with such sections as innovation care and documents’ management (Government of Dubai, “Dubai Municipality”). Here, the staff’s particular abilities are a valuable tool for distribution. The Human Resource Function, Diversity, and Legal Issues The human resource (HR) department is located in the corporate support sector of Dubai Municipality. The department was created in the 1980s with the appearance of the Corporate Support Sector (Government of Dubai, “Dubai Municipality”). It was opened because Dubai Municipality became a separate entity in the city government, and it obtained the right to hire and train its employees. At present, the department is organized into several small sectors. The first one is the HR planning section, responsible for future objectives, goals, and management of the employees (Government of Dubai, Dubai Municipality Organizational Structure). Second, the HR recruitment section selects new hires and establishes first connections with professionals interested in working for the municipal government. Third, the HR development section prepares new hires and engages all staff in continuous learning. The fourth section of the department is responsible for salaries and services. Finally, Dubai Municipality Club maintains employees’ corporate spirit and fosters a positive working atmosphere. It is unclear how many people are involved with the department since many employees go through the department to provide their insight. The staff members are highly trained, possessing university degrees in HR management and administration. The department is centralized, is governed by the current Director-General and Chairman (Government of Dubai, Dubai Municipality Organizational Structure). Similar to other sectors of Dubai Municipality, the HR department is engaged in the program of increasing the use of information technology (Government of Dubai, “Mission”). Most databases are based online, and residents can access HR services using a special system developed by the city’s government. The HR department’s efforts lie at the basis of Dubai Municipality’s strategic journey. The attraction and retention of the best talents and the creation of a learning culture are among the essential activities that Dubai Municipality has to engage in to provide high-quality services to the citizens (Government of Dubai, Dubai Municipality Strategic Plan). Therefore, it is possible to assume that the role of the HR department is substantial. The HR function does not address any pressing legal concerns at the moment. The only recommendation to the HR department would be to enhance their services of recruitment ? currently, this information is not available on the otherwise informative website of the organization. By including more data and calls to action, Dubai Municipality may reach more professionals interested in working for the organization. Works Cited Government of Dubai. Dubai Municipality Organizational Structure 2018. Web. —. Dubai Municipality Strategic Plan (2016 – 2021). Web. —. “Dubai Municipality.” Smart Dubai Gov. Web. —. “Mission Vision Values.” Dubai Municipality. Web.
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Health Policy Development in the United States Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main Text 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Since the mid-twentieth century, the development of healthcare in the world has taken place under the sign of intensive reorganization. Despite significant differences in the resource endowment of national health systems, their organization and efficiency, the reasons that led to the need for change, were primarily due to the lack of funding. Low living standards, poor health indicators, increased mortality, and threats of the spread of infectious diseases were the main reasons for changes in the healthcare of developing countries. Main Text Therefore, the value of analyzing the political successes and failures of other states lies in an opportunity to assess the relationship of the reforms with the development indicators of this industry and its quality. This evaluation may help draw conclusions regarding the level of domestic medicine and provide important data concerning potential positive changes. At the national level, most European countries have been implementing the principle of equal access to medical help regardless of people’s capacity and ability to pay for services for the past thirty years. Thus, the share of the population whose healthcare costs are paid for with public funding is increasing. Systems of preferential financing from the budget are in place in Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (“Countries with free or universal healthcare,” n.d.). This experience is successful, and following such a path of development contributes to a freer access of the population to medical services. Bahrain and Sudan have developed a structure of community-based PHC as the entry point of the healthcare system (Van Weel et al., 2017). This sector in India is overtly privatized, with more than 78% of care provided by the private sector and public investment (Van Weel et al., 2016, p. e000057). These indicators, conversely, demonstrate the inability of the local government to create a sustainable system of sponsoring healthcare, which affects access to medical services negatively. Conclusion When developing a domestic healthcare system, the experience of the aforementioned countries may be a useful background. For instance, improving the public financing system will expand the access of the population to the services of medical employees, while the privatization of this industry can limit this criterion. Therefore, the analysis of the successes and failures of other states plays an important role as a stimulus that helps avoid mistakes and improve current achievements. References Countries with free or universal healthcare . (n.d.). Web. Van Weel, C., Alnasir, F., Farahat, T., Usta, J., Osman, M., Abdulmalik, M., … Kassai, R. (2017). Primary healthcare policy implementation in the Eastern Mediterranean region: Experiences of six countries. European Journal of General Practice, 24 (1), 39-44. Web. Van Weel, C., Kassai, R., Qidwai, W., Kumar, R., Bala, K., Prasad Gupta, P., … Howe, A. (2016). Primary healthcare policy implementation in South Asia. BMJ Global Health, 1 (2), e000057. Web.
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Blume’s life does not look similar to the life of other famous contemporary writers. She is a model wife and mother and she always has time for herself. Therefore, her books are about real thing that happen around her (Jane, 2008; Redmond, 1982). In the class, it is possible to talk about such urgent problems as bullying that is vividly described in Blume’s novel called Blubber. Though the story provides negative consequences of bullying and teasing, the role of a teacher is to make students understand how to behave and communicate in the classroom setting and outside it. DEAR Blume’s literary works often explore very challenging topics, including growing up, puberty, racism, and generation gap problems. All these problems must be discussed for children to realize that these periods can be experienced by every child and there is no reason for giving up in critical situations. In particular, a teacher can discuss race discrimination and identity conflicts in the story called Iggie’s House (Blume, 1970). Hence, DEAR activity is an important activity for students to understand how reading can help them realize important things. For instance, students can divide in pairs and choose a passage of the book. One student chooses a passage that he/she has already read whereas another student should read this passage and retell it to his/her neighbor. Deenie is another story where the emphasis is placed on growing up and understanding the surrounding world (Blume 1991). Students can also be provided with passage to read aloud and understand the content. Read-Aloud Teachers can choose a specific passage from Blume’s work called It’s Not the End of the World and pose a number of questions that have been prepared before. For instance, it is possible to ask a student to read the following quote: “Suppose there aren’t any more A+ days once you get to be twelve? Wouldn’t that be something! To spend the rest of your life looking for an A+ day and not finding it” (Blume, 2002, p. 185). Using this quote, a teacher can provoke students’ imagination and deliberate on the situations when grades not important. Subject Area Activities While reading Blume’s stories, three major topic can be explored – adolescence, growing up, and coming of age (Redmond, 1982). All these subjects can be studied while reading the identified stories. Hence, Blume’s (1974) Blubber reveals a contemporary problem of searching for identity and following stereotypes. Based on the example of the story, a teacher can encourage students to make conclusions that bullying is an attempt to conceal personal disadvantages (Garber, 1984). In fact, they should not be afraid of accepting personal weaknesses. Stereotypic thinking can also be eliminated while reading the story called Iggie’s House where the problem of racial discrimination is explicitly explored (Blume, 1970). Teachers can address this story to make students’ understand that each person has equal rights irrespective of their appearances. Finally, Blume’s (2002) It is not the End of the World introduces a positive insights into complex relations in an ordinary family where the main heroines strives to look at the world positively and hopes that it is not the end for her becoming happy. At the same time, conflicts within a family makes Karen feel uncomfortable about the idea of getting married. She believes that marriage makes people suffering. However, the task of a teacher is to explain that divorce is the matter of adults and it should not affect children’s view on future family relations (Conner, 1972). They are not to be blamed for parents’ mistakes. Similar to the heroine, there is another young adult novel called Tiger’s Eyes where the author account a story about a teenage girl who lost her farther and who strive to overcome her grief and go on living further. This can also be discussed in class (Blume, 1982). Games Making dialogues While discussing the reading, students should make up dialogues on the highlighted topic so that a teacher can understand how well the topic is conceived. Writing down theses and ideas Notes making is a powerful tool to developing critical thinking skills because students can visualize specific concepts read in the novel. Besides, it is advisable to write down chains of ideas on separate sheets of paper for students to arrange those in an appropriate manner. Making questionnaires Making up questions to the content of the stories is also a valuable tool for understanding the main ideas and themes discussed. In such a manner, students can clarify the aspects that seem to be ambiguous in the course of reading. Asking questions to other students can generate a more fruitful discussion. Reflexive Feedback All these activities can be implemented while reading the book mentioned above to demonstrate middle school students that they should not be afraid about their problems and concerns. References Blume, J. (1970). Iggie’s House . US:Yearling. Blume, J. (1974). Blubber. US: ABC-CLIO. Blume, J. (1982). Tiger’s eyes . US: Laurel Leaf. Blume, J. (1991). Deenie . US: Laurel Leaf. Blume, J. (2002). It’s Not the End of the World . US: Atheneum/Richard Jackson Books. Conner, J. W. (1972). It’s not the End of the World by Judy Blume . The English Journal , 61(6), 936-937. Garber, S. M. (1984). Judy Blume: New Classicism for Kids. The English Journal. 73 (4), 56-59. Jones, J. (2008). Judy Blume: Fearless Storyteller for Teens . US: Enslow Publishers. Redmond, J. K. (1982). Young Adult Literature: Is There Life after Judy Blume? The English Journal. 71(3), 92-94.
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The Beck Depression Contrast (BDI) Coursework The beck depression contrast (BDI) is a system of gauging depression among people. In this system, the interviewer asks the candidate a set of 21 questions. Each set of the question gives five things that describe the feelings of the candidate at the present moment. The answer is graded on a scale of one to three. Three represents the highest score while one is the low. The total in each set of question is added, giving out the level of depression at that particular time for the patient. The higher the score means that the patient is most depressed at that particular time. (Moreno, 1993) Over the time there has been an adjustment on the mode of operation of the BDI. The first system uses the sum gotten as the final score of the degree of depression. The second method of the BDI commonly known as Beck depression inventory-II uses basically the same figures in conducting the test but the final score is gauged by a summary ranging from 0-63. However both measures give almost an identical value with a minimal difference. This means that both measures almost correlate in terms of the final score. (Welch, 1990) The second difference between the two modes of the BDI is in the methodology of conducting the survey. The first mode is based on trust. This is where the interviewer first gets the history of the patient to try and get the origin of the problem. In BDI-II however, the survey is gotten in a form of group administration. This is where a survey is conducted to a group of people say like college students. There are downfalls and advantages of these two modes of study. Since the first one is based on trust, there will be a clear understanding between the two on what the patient really wants. This will make the patient open up and avoid any avenue for telling lies. On the other mode however the interview is done in a group. People are not told that they have a problem and hence they will not feel demoralized in telling people that they have a problem. This is helpful in a time like today where people are finding it hard to trust strangers. (Welch, 1990) The third major difference was the study done on the rate of depression on women. The study on the original BDI was done on women only while on BDI-II it was performed on both men and women. Though the first and second studies were almost identical on the score the second gave a more thorough result on the Cognitive-Affective factor and the Somatic-Affective Factor. The original BDI had 18 items on the Cognitive-Affective Factor and 10 on the Somatic-Affective Factor against ten and eleven respectively on BDI-II. This was due to the fact that the second test concentrated more on the important issues that cause depression that the first. (Moreno, 1993) The original BDI version was a good method of testing depression among people of different age groups. However the updated version commonly known as the Beck Depression Contrast-II has brought tremendous changes on the way this method is implemented. Where the original method used trust as a method of making patients open, up the latter version used a different mode of conducting this survey. This has been necessitated by the change in lifestyle where people find it more difficult to trust strangers. Where as the first mode did a study only on women on the Cognitive-Affective Factor and the Somatic-Vegetative Factor the second study included men as well. This has made it more acceptable than the first hence a method that should be used by all. List of reference Moreno, J., Fuhriman, A., & Selby, J. (1993). Measurement of Hostility, anger, and depression in depressed and nondepressed subjects, Journal of Personality Assessment, 61, 511-523. Welch, G, Hall, A., & Walkey, F. (1990). The replicable dimensions Of the Beck Depression Inventory, Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46, 817-827.
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“The Most Dangerous Game” a Story by Richard Connell Essay “The Most Dangerous Game” (1924), a short story written by Richard Connell, is one of the first literary pieces to tell the tale of human hunting – a subject highly popularized in the contemporary popular culture. The story is frequently viewed as an entertaining “hunter-becomes-the-hunted” tale filled with suspense and thrill (Thompson 86). However, despite this popular interpretation, the story conveys a deeper socio-political message about the impact of war and violence on people, by juxtaposing two representatives of the New and Old World in a dark and menacing setting. The two primary characters in the story are a world-famous American hunter Sanger Rainsford and a Russian Cossack General Zaroff, who meet on an isolated island where the Russian expatriate resides in solitude, together with his mute servant Ivan (Connell 15). Once the reader learns about the men’s characters, it becomes clear that their names are, in fact, charactonyms. Rainsford’s first name is a play on the word “sanguine,” meaning lively, optimistic, and cheerful – all these adjectives are representative of the “great American democratic ideal” (Thompson 87). Ominously, his name also sounds similar to the Latin word for blood, “sanguis.” On the other hand, the Cossack’s name, apart from having the – off ending to signify his Russian roots, bears a particular resemblance to the word “tzar,” which denotes the authoritative leader of the pre-revolutionary Russia. Thus, the very names of the characters imply a clear contrast between the democratic New World and the aristocratic and violence-ridden Old World. This distinction is further highlighted through the story’s secondary characters. Apart from the tale’s protagonist and antagonist, only two other people are mentioned in the story, each one of them associated with Rainsford and Zaroff, respectively. However, the interactions between the main characters and their associates are highly indicative of their personality. In the case of Rainsford, his brief conversation with Whitney in the beginning of the story sounds casual and informal, yet respectful – a kind of interaction that two amicable equals would have (Thompson 89). Zaroff and Ivan, on the other hand, present a completely different kind of relationship. First of all, Ivan is both deaf and mute, meaning that he is unable to provide a human connection for Zaroff. However, it appears that the latter treats him like nothing more than a useful object. When Ivan dies, the only thought of him that occurs in Zaroff’s mind is that “it would be difficult to replace him,” and even this thought does fully occupy him as he immediately starts reflecting on his other concerns (Connell 44). The symbolism that Connell uses to describe the character of Zaroff is also highly significant in terms of capturing his evil personality. The first symbol is the color red that repeatedly occurs in the situations that involve Zaroff, be it the rich Russian borsht, Zaroff’s bright lips, or his servant’s crimson sash (Connell 16, 17, 35). This color is typically associated with violence which even Zaroff admits is his main hobby in life (Connell 17). Similarly, darkness is another story’s leitmotif surrounding the character of Zaroff. Since the very beginning of the story, the author talks about the night’s blackness that is so thick it is almost “palpable” (Connell 4). The color describes not only the story’s setting – the gloomy and isolated Ship-Trap Island – but also the protagonist’s appearance, with his black eyebrows, military mustache, and eyes (Connell 15). Similarly, Ivan is depicted wearing a black uniform (Connell 14). These repetitive mentions of black and red create not only a rather menacing portrait of the general but also an overall sinister atmosphere. However, even though initially the main characters are significantly contrasted, this clear distinction between them fades away as the story progresses, so as to emphasize the effect that war and violence have on people. As Rainsford swims to the island in the beginning of the story, he hears a “high screaming sound” of an animal “in an extremity of anguish and terror” (Connell 9). As the audience learns later, this animal is, in fact, a human being. However, Rainsford is so innocent at this moment that even he, an experienced hunter, does not realize that the scream comes not from an animal, but from a person. Later in the story, when Zaroff proposes to Rainsford to hunt sailors together, the man is clearly disgusted and appalled by the proposal (Connell 33). Being involuntarily drawn into Zaroff’s cruel game, Rainsford is completely transformed under the influence of fear and desire to survive. The abrupt ending of the story captures this transformation by emphasizing that Rainsford is happy to be alive, and does not have any concerns about the violence that transpired at the island. Undoubtedly, Connell’s story is a classic “hunter-becomes-the-hunted” tale that excites the readers’ senses by keeping them in suspense. It is, however, important to examine the story’s historical context to understand its deeper meaning: wars and violence are capable of transforming even the most democratic countries into brutal and aggressive societies. Works Cited Connell, Richard. The Most Dangerous Game. North Charleston, South Carolina: CreateSpace, 2014. Print. Thompson, Terry W. “Connell’s The Most Dangerous Game.” The Explicator 60.2 (2002): 86-88. Print.
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Importance of Biases and Assumptions in Modern Society Essay The development of personal freedoms and human rights has already influenced the quality of life and the establishment of interpersonal relationships. It is normal for an individual to rely on personal knowledge, observations, and senses to make a judgment or offer an idea for discussion. According to Steinhauser, it is normal and not bad to have biases and assumptions, but people should be careful while using them due to their impact on human lives. Bias is a predetermined or even unreasoned opinion that adds value to a subject or a situation. Assumptions are arguments that people take for granted without evidence. Both concepts are common by their nature and smooth the progress of understanding the matter. Although a number of attempts are regularly made to avoid bias and assumptions in different fields, their existence in society cannot be ignored as they enhance critical thinking and contribute fair decision-making and equal interactions. The importance of bias and assumptions in society may be explained by their primary functions and outcomes observed in human relationships. There are many examples of how assumptions, based on unconscious bias, penetrate business, research, and other fields. Hogarth explains that assumptions help close the gap in discussion and achieve parity in policy discourses (49). According to Starr, bias is necessary to categorize things, which usually results in discrimination, hurry, and stress. People do not pay much attention to how they make decisions, choose words in conversation, or achieve their goals, neglecting the impact of the already implemented biases and assumptions into their minds. Despite the presence of positive and negative effects of biases and assumptions, they play an important role in the personal and professional development of individuals and communities. In addition, assumptions and bias enhance critical thinking and the possibility to learn from mistakes and improve the future. Agarwal underlines that unconscious biases are formed throughout life, and they can be everywhere, held at the subconscious level. Biases may be observed in every activity when choosing a place of living, a life partner, or a future job. Assumptions are unintentionally created when a person enters a store, orders food, or earns more or less than expected (Richardson). In all these cases, the chosen concepts aim at strengthening critical thinking and evaluation of people or situations. Sometimes, a poorly developed bias or a prejudiced assumption harms a person or provokes unnecessary rash decisions. Still, its impact and further contribution remain vital for society. Some people think that assumptions and biases create certain challenges and concerns in their relationships, and it is high time to get rid of such judgments and opinions. Steinhauser claims that as soon as biases are recognized, they must be interrupted to reduce inequality, pain, and conflicts. Therefore, the idea that assumptions and biases should not matter in society is not new and supported by different scholars and thinkers. Many steps have already been taken to avoid bias, like relying on evidence, boosting objectivity, and improving self-awareness. When people stop being bothering with different assumptions, they get a chance to strengthen other skills and key discussions. In conclusion, one should admit that, regardless of evident progress and the already made achievements, modern society depends a lot on bias and assumptions. Individuals continue making decisions, analyzing situations, and developing relationships, relying on their personal judgments and unreasoned opinions. Although it is necessary to introduce new strategies and mitigate bias-related conflicts, it is hard to neglect the existence of bias and assumptions in society matters today. Works Cited Agarwal, Pragya. “Unconscious Bias: How It Affects Us More Than We Know.” Forbes, 2018. Hogarth, Melitta. “The Power of Words: Bias and Assumptions in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Education Action Plan.” The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education , vol. 46, no. 1, 2017, pp. 44–53. Richardson, Lynne. “RICHARDON: Unconscious Bias and Assumptions.” The Free Lance-Star, 2020. Web. Starr, Douglas. “Meet the Psychologist Exploring Unconscious Bias – And Its Tragic consequences for Society.” American Association for the Advancement of Science , 2020. Steinhauser, Karen. “Everyone Is a Little Bit Biased.” American Bar Association , 2020.
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Cash Management Techniques Analytical Essay A business in any industry faces competition from other businesses in same industry and as they sell the same products. Businesses thus have to come up with techniques to enable them become successful in the industry they operate in. Cash management techniques are applied in a business to increase sales and create awareness of a product. Cash rebates, cash discount and coupons are mostly used in a business to promote sales. Cash rebate is the amount of money paid to a purchaser of a product by the product’s manufacturer after proof of purchase. Cash rebate is done after a customer buys a product which has a rebate. The customer then fills a rebate form and request for the rebate reimbursement before it expires (Treaster, 2000). Rebates offer consumers part of the money they purchased a product with. This reimbursement of customers purchase is tax free which highly attract customers in purchasing a product. Rebates thus act a way of promoting sales of a product. A customer must ensure the rebate form is filled and sent to the manufacturer before the specified time after which it is invalid. Coupons and cash discounts are other techniques of cash management which also act as ways of promoting sales of a product. Coupons are like cash rebates but only issued as a document which customers can take to a retailer and use as money in buying certain commodities (Mullin, and Cummins, 2010). These coupons do not reduce the taxable selling price of those commodities bought with them. Cash discount is a deduction allowed by retailers or sellers to buyers as a technique to encourage them pay within a given time. These cash management techniques enable businesses to make cash sales which ensures good cash flow for the business. This enables a business to have a competitive advantage over others using credit sales as a way of attracting customers. Cash management techniques are sound business decisions. This is because not only are they advantageous to the business itself but also to customers. They induce customers to purchase products and try them out. This boosts the sales of retailers and manufacturers which enable them to solve the problem of excess inventory. These techniques help manufacturers to create awareness of their products as well as developing loyalty to consumers. This enables manufacturers to gain competing power within the industry they operate in. Cash rebates and other cash management techniques are ethical. This is because they create competition which is advantageous to customers as it leads to reduced prices and production of quality goods. Rebates means less spending for customers and more sales for manufacturers. (Bowie, and Schniender, 2011). Cash rebates are still an issue in the business world as most are not claimed. The issue of filling forms and sending them before deadline discourages many consumers to claim them. About only 10 percent of rebates are claimed and paid up by manufacturers. (Mullin, and Cummins, 2010). This is because companies pay up these rebates in the form that cannot offer whole amount, for example in form of a Visa debit card. Selling of cars is a good business but which has a variety of cars for customers to choose from. In the car selling business I would recommend use of cash rebates. This is because when customers are looking for a new car, they are in a dilemma of which model to buy. This makes their decision to be easily influenced by cash rebates. Cash rebate in the car selling business is a good competitive method to encourage sales. References Bowie, N., & Schniender, M. (2011). Business Ethics For Dummies . New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Mullin, R., & Cummins, J. (2010). Sales Promotion: How to Create, Implement and Intergrate Campaigns that Really Work . London: Kogan Page Publishers. Treaster, J. (2000). Rebates May Save Money, Just Maybe Not for You . Retrieved from https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/09/biztech/technology/20treaster.html
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Dystopia Idea in the Movies and Novels Essay After the first wave of Orwellian-like dystopias, it might have seem that the humankind is fed up with all kinds of ideas about the idea of introducing future as the time of hatred, prejudice and totalitarianism. However, the idea appeared to be too enthralling to leave it rot, and in the second half of XX to XXI century, it has spawned a large number of movies and novels. Three specimens of these movies and novels are going to be considered in the given paper. Although the plots of V for Vendetta , Blade Runner and Parable of the Sower do not seem to cross at any point, all of them make one speculate on the fragile balance between the people representing one school of political thought and the groups of others. Each of the above-mentioned stories represents an image of a post-human, and, needless to say, this image is rather deplorable in the best traditions of Orwellian novels. Each of the leading characters in the movies and the novel, V, Blade Runner and Olamina have nothing else left to fight for. Yet they fight for the sake of ancient, an-eye-for-an-eye kind of justice. In a way, they succeed; at least, they manage to reach their state of enlightenment, even though their revelation comes at a cost of their lives. It is worth asking a question, why disturbing ideas like these would be so popular among the general public. While fighting for freedom does seem quite exciting, the prospects of spending one’s life as a maniac trying to survive in a den of snakes is not so great after all. However, the attractiveness of the movies and stories that focus on the story of a rebel and have the only-the-strong-survive idea as a basis can be explained from the standpoint of Darwin’ theory. Indeed, in every single plot that has been mentioned above, the idea that a man will never lose the will to fight is present, which sums Darwin’s research in a nutshell. Moreover, there is certain link between the ideas of the movies and Darwin’s speculation about the game and the vermin: If not one head of the game were shot during the next twenty years in England, and, at the same time, no vermin were destroyed, there would, in all probability, be less game than at present, although hundreds of thousands of game are annually shot. (Darwin 198). Therefore, if considering that the rebellious characters in the stories were “game”, while the authorities were the “vermin,” the stories clearly illustrate that there will always be balance between those for a specific idea and certain tendencies in the government, and there will always be those opposed. Therefore, making an attempt to wipe the latter off the face of the Earth seems not only cruel, but also unreasonable. Even if every single specimen of a certain movement vanishes, the idea of rebelling against the system will finally emerge, and a new opposition of “prey” will be formed. The given argument, however, takes the idea expressed in the novels and the movies in question to a different level. If considering the rebels in the novel and the movies the “vermin” instead of the “prey,” the idea of the stories will change slightly. Viewing these plots through such lens means accepting that “vermin” also performs a positive function, i.e., making the society more diverse and not allowing the existing regime turn it into stagnation. A very basic, yet very true idea of a human, it was right then and it is still right nowadays. The rebellion will go on, no matter what the authorities think of it. Works Cited Darwin, Charles. From the Origins of Species and The Descent of Man . n. d. 195–199. Web.
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Introduction 2. Exploring the Concept of Identity 3. Exploring the Concept of Acceptance 4. Conclusion Thesis Statement: The book explores the concept of straddling two cultures, heritage and the struggle for identity most immigrants undergo when they try to integrate themselves into U.S. society. Introduction In the novel “Stealing Buddha’s Dinner”, author Bich Minh Nguyen explores the concept of identity and how in a desire to “fit in”, be normal and be socially accepted the author shows how she attempts to latch onto American popular culture in the form of brand name packaged food groups (Pringles, Shake & Bake etc) in her attempt to develop a more “Americanized” identity. When examining the novel one cannot help but notice how the concepts of identity and acceptance are integral themes in the book wherein the actions of the author, in one way or another, are driven by how she is perceived and validated by others resulting in the succeeding events in the given chapters within the book. What must also be understood is that the book itself explores concepts related to how immigrants struggle to be accepted into U.S. society all the while trying to maintain their inherent culture which creates a distinct conflict with their desire to fit in. Based on this it can be seen that the book explores the concept of straddling two cultures, heritage and the struggle for identity most immigrants undergo when they try to integrate themselves into U.S. society. Exploring the Concept of Identity Within the book it can be seen that the author attempted to superimpose the concept of being “American” over her Asian heritage. This is done for the sake of perception wherein the author believed that the perception of others was so important that she needed to be able to change herself in order to be better accepted. This particular notion developed as a result of her being neglected by Rosa, being ignored by her older siblings and seeing the difference between herself and her classmates. It must be noted that the book delves into a current social trend in how Asian Americans strive to be more like “other” Americans and in fact begin to dislike their Asian heritage due to the various stereotypes and cultural differences attached to it. This apparent “Americanization” can be seen in various social situations wherein Asian Americans continue to distance themselves from traditional Asian behaviors and customs in order to embrace a greater degree of “Americanism”. In fact this struggle for integration is often seen in the book wherein the author as a young girl attempts to make sure that she doesn’t stand out, that she disdains her slightly short and brown appearance and that she tries her best to seemingly integrate herself into American society while in public while at the same time has to accept her Asian heritage in private while she is at home. This apparent “straddling of the fence” is often seen in many cultural situations for not only Asian immigrants but immigrants coming from other regions as well as they try to adapt themselves to American culture and society while at the same time trying to preserve their native heritage. Exploring the Concept of Acceptance Towards the end of the book the author brings up the concept of acceptance wherein she learns to accept her heritage. This is done when she comes to the realization that her heritage is not her weakness but in fact is their greatest strength. It is a strength that defines who she is and something which can never truly go away. This actually holds true for all Asian Americans and immigrants wherein despite their changed appearance and attitude their heritage is still a part of who they are. In the end the book imparts the lesson of learning to accept a person’s inherent heritage and become better because of it. Conclusion As such the book explores the concept of being able to accept who you are and coming out better because of it. It explored an on going social trend in the U.S. regarding Asian Americans and presented the idea that it isn’t necessary for them to completely change who they are since what they were before was perfectly alright. It is the realization of this concept that is reflected in the actions of the author wherein in the end she hopes to relay to the audience the realization that who they are doesn’t need to change since what they are right now is exactly who they should be.
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Dentist Career and Professional Values Essay Figure 1. Value Card Activity. Process of Sorting Moral and ethical values are an essential part of one’s philosophy and progress. People need to build a system of beliefs that will guide them through decision-making in their careers and personal life. However, selecting the values suggested in the list was rather complicated since all of them seemed to be intertwined. Therefore, the process of selection was based on the extent to which a particular quality contributes to my personal and professional growth. Thus, the top five values include compassion, cooperation, autonomy, self-control, and self-esteem. Arranging the values according to their significance was rather fun, although there was a noticeable degree of approximation. Overall, the process allowed me to develop a proper understanding of my needs, philosophy, and value system. The results were not surprising since they aligned with the traditions and beliefs of my community. However, the activity in question made me understand what my current assets as a professional are, and how I can help my patients using these qualities. Meaning for Me as a Dentist Working in a clinical setting requires fast and effective decision-making skills. Therefore, the analysis of my current value system has given me a general idea of how I can acquire the ability to resolve workplace issues and meet patients’ needs. For instance, as a dentist, I will need compassion to ensure that customers feel safe and comfortable since dental care may cause certain discomfort. Cooperation and autonomy will set the premises for interdisciplinary collaboration, which is essential in the clinical environment. Finally, with self-control and self-esteem, I will be able to pursue further professional development. However, I may need to prioritize flexibility as an important component of clinical decision-making. Values and the Righting Reflex Since several people fail to follow the essential principles of oral care, I will need to use my qualities to launch patient education. The characteristics such as compassion will help me to develop the righting reflex to encourage patients to change their health management habits. Besides, cooperation can be used to enhance the dialogue with patients and support them in their development of critical oral care skills.
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Quantitative Data’ Analyzing in Social Research Essay Chapter 14 (Analyzing Quantitative Data) of The Practice of Social Research by Earl R. Babbie explores the methods for converting data to numerical forms and presenting them in the form of statistical analyses in terms of quantitative analysis and special features of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. The first part of the chapter examines the specifics of the process of quantification of the data. The collected data should be quantified to make such computer programs as SPSS and MicroCase handle the qualitative analysis. The researchers should code data that appear to be not appropriate for being processed numerically. To be able to compare the research results with those of other studies, the researcher should use an established occupational coding scheme. The chosen scheme should also correspond to the theoretical concepts examined during the research. The codebook, a document describing the locations of variables, serves as a guide used in the coding process. Each variable should be identified by an abbreviated variable name. Besides, the codebook should present the definition of each variable and indicate the attributes composing it. To make the computer able to read and manipulate the data, the researcher should choose the most appropriate technique for converting the data into the machine-readable format. The next part of the chapter examines univariate analysis, which has a descriptive purpose. Listing the attributes to each case under study in terms of the variable in question is considered the basic format for presenting univariate data. The provided example demonstrates the specifics of this process. Central tendency is indicated as another form of presenting the data. Three ways of measuring central tendency include the mean, the mode, and the median. The measure of central tendency should be chosen carefully, paying attention to choosing one that is the most appropriate for the situation. Such measures of dispersion as the range, the standard deviation, and the interquartile range are discussed. The understanding of the nature of continuous and discrete variables is vital for choosing an appropriate technique for their analysis. Subgroup comparisons are explored in the example from the General Social Survey. Besides, this section investigates the ways to handle “collapsing” response categories, “don’t know” answers data, numerical descriptions of qualitative research illustrating each of them with relevant examples of dealing with the same aspects of existing studies. The purpose of the bivariate analysis or the analysis of two variables simultaneously is indicated as focusing on the relationship between variables. It has an explanatory purpose. Numerous examples of tables demonstrate special features of presenting the data in terms of bivariate analysis. Contingency tables are defined as the most common form of presenting results in this type of analysis. Such tables show the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable and should be easy to read and interpret. The multivariate analysis is aimed at analyzing more than two variables simultaneously. While bivariate analysis focuses on one independent variable, multivariate analysis is used when there is more than one independent variable. The specifics of multivariate analysis are demonstrated through the extended example of religious service attendance used to illustrate the bivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis is described as a powerful tool for sociological diagnostics, which plays an influential role in serving our society. As quantitative analyses are considered susceptible to subjective biases, the researchers should strive to provide protection from subjectivity. The researchers involved in the quantitative analysis should also pay attention to the protection of subject privacy. This chapter appears to be very informative and explores both theoretical and practical aspects of the discussed issues by illustrating them with numerous relevant examples.
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Deductive and Inductive Arguments in Medical Profession Deductive Essay Deductive Argument In formal logic, arguments will be considered as deductively valid where the conclusion is drawn is true without a doubt, if the premises on which the conclusion is based are true. Arguments are considered inductively strong when the conclusions can be drawn on the probability of the premises being true. When the premises are secured and can be considered valid and true it is possible to derive a deductive logic from which the desired conclusion necessarily follows. Even though it is rare to have certainty with respect to any premises, in medical science it is desirable to have deductive logic for making decisions. However, it is not possible to avoid certain inductive conclusions due to the nature of various problems faced in the profession of healthcare. From the discussion, it follows that a deductive argument is one in which the premises are intended to provide absolute support for a conclusion. On the other hand, in the case of inductive argument, the premises can be expected to provide support for a conclusion only to some extent (Jenicek, 2003). In the profession of healthcare, deductive and inductive logic are not used in their perspective of true logical sense. The terms are used in the process of reasoning itself. In epidemiology, deductive reasoning is used as a starting point for the gathering, analysis and interpretation of data. It involves using a general principle or hypothesis, which will be confirmed or refuted based on the analysis and interpretation of the information and data collected. Therefore, the relationship between the evidence on the grounds for the inference and the inference by itself can only be true if the underlying premises are true. Even when the premises on which the decision is based are inaccurate, still the conclusion might be true (Jenicek, 2003). Example An example for deductive reasoning is (that is drawing a necessary conclusion) * Alcoholic patients vomiting fresh blood have esophageal ruptures (General) * The patient who vomited fresh blood is an alcoholic (specific) * Because the patient vomited fresh blood and those patients vomit fresh blood have esophageal ruptures this patient also has ruptured esophageal varices. (specific) Inductive Argument Inductive reasoning on the other hand makes use of established facts for drawing general conclusions or for confirming or refuting a hypothesis. Therefore, inferences or conclusions, which are just probable and not confirmed as true are known as inductive inferences or inductive arguments. Here the conclusion or the inference might still be false even if the evidence or premises on which the decision is based are accurate and true. In the case of inductive reasoning, the inference is only probable. Example An example for inductive reasoning is (that is drawing a probable conclusion) * Alcoholic patient A who vomited fresh blood is known for having esophageal ruptures * Alcoholic patient B who vomited fresh blood is known for having esophageal ruptures * Therefore, alcoholic patients who vomit fresh blood have esophageal ruptures. Normally, professionals in healthcare services do not try to generalize beyond the basic argument of “alcoholic patients who vomit fresh blood bleed from ruptured esophageal varices (Or, patients bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices are alcoholics)” (Jenicek, 2003). Such generalizations are not normally accepted as valid by the logicians; but are accepted in the healthcare profession. References Jenicek, M. (2003). Foundations of Evidence -based Medicine. New York: Informa Healthcare.
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Do Women Have More to Gain or More to Lose from Migration than Men do? Essay People have different reasons for migrating to other places. During this process, they experience diverse challenges and impacts upon settling in foreign countries. Women, in this case, have some reasons for their migrations. At first, women face diverse challenges in securing visas in order to move to their countries of choice. In comparison, the females undergo several problems than the benefits while in the foreign land. From this point of view, women have more things to lose as an alien than men do. Notably, if a female wants to migrate, she experiences more difficulties in securing travelling documents like clearance forms at the immigration department and obtaining a visa than the male counterpart does. For example, some countries have extremely strict policies on women migration to foreign nations than men. Evidently, these scenarios affect the women psychologically, as these are gender-based forms of discrimination that needs to be addressed worldwide. These inequality acts can cause low self-esteem in women; thereby, lowering their work productivity. When these migration rules seem tough for women, they ensure that they reach their destinations by opting for other illegal means. An example of these options is human smuggling. At the same time, smugglers exploit these women sexually and criminally. At present, most of these women have contracted HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. These acts do not only cut short their dreams but also shorten their life span. This vulnerability makes women lose more than men do. In line with this, women secure low paying jobs such as caregivers, sex workers, domestic house workers, and mail-order brides. Although they receive cash in return for their services, their economic status remains incomparable to the native women in the foreign country. Moreover, they are exposed to harsh working conditions; for example, no job breaks, no rewards for overtime work, and even verbal abuses. From the onset, these jobs are exploitative and are always meant for those people who are at the lower end of the socio-economic status. Sadly, the change in earning level sways most women, especially mail-order brides, into abusive marriages. As a result, the women lose their dignity, self-esteem, and worth. These women can also incur physical injuries, hence leaving a stressful life. This is contrary to men, who do skilled jobs and are accorded automatic job protection cum benefits. Additionally, most women migrate in order to unite with their families. From the economic point of view, these women do not add substantial values to their husbands’ incomes. Apart from the family unification, these women mostly deals with household chores and to some extent, settle for low paying jobs since they have no skills. From another point of view, if a woman migrates to seek employment in the diaspora, the husband leaves all the family responsibilities to her. Culturally, most men do not feel comfortable if their wives earn more money than they do. For that reason, men will tend to forgo other responsibilities so that the wives’ earnings are used up. Such women will feel more burden than when they had not secured a job. Alternatively, if women go to foreign countries and leave the entire family behind, naturally, they socially suffer the disconnection from the families than men do. This lose of touch make the females feel some guilt, as they miss the physical presence of their families, especially the children. Most men also do not care about the well-being of the children and even the household chores, as they associate these responsibilities with females. Therefore, migration among women is more of a double responsibility. This divided attention can lower their work output at the workplaces thus leading to layoffs. Further, such women can develop health complications due to stressful lives. Thus, in migrations women have more to lose than gain as compared to men.
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The Criminal Conspiracy Laws Essay The case of New York City mobster John Gotti Jr. demonstrates how criminal conspiracy charges work. As the heir to the Gambino crime family, Gotti Jr. was arrested on conspiracy charges related to several murders allegedly committed by members of the crime family. The government did not allege that Gotti Jr. personally committed the murders, but that he conspired in the killings. Naturally, Gotti Jr. denied the charges and claimed that the case was based on an informant implicating Gotti to avoid serving jail time. This case illustrates how broad criminal conspiracy laws are. Criminal conspiracy laws are broad enough that assuming that the government’s allegations are accurate, Gotti Jr. was properly charged with criminal conspiracy. One line of defense Gotti Jr. might make is that he did not personally know the defendants who allegedly committed the murders. He would argue that since he did not know them, he could not possibly have entered into a conspiracy with them to commit murder. Unfortunately for Gotti Jr., this would not be an effective defense. There is no requirement that defendants personally know other members of the conspiracy to be guilty of conspiracy. United States v. Monroe , 73 F.3d 129 (7th Cir. 1995). The courts anticipated than in large criminal enterprises, mob bosses would not personally know all of their underlings. The law allows criminal conspiracy charges to be brought against leaders of large groups to avoid rewarding them for the size of their organization. Gotti Jr. might also argue that there is no evidence that he took any overt steps to commit these murders. From the facts, it appears that he is being held responsible for the actions of other members of the Gambino crime family. Even if Gotti Jr. did not take any overt steps (such as ordering the murders), the law does not require that he did to charge him with criminal conspiracy. The Supreme Court has held that evidence of the actual act itself (in this case, the murders) is all that is necessary to demonstrate an overt step. United States v. Shabani , 513 U.S. 10 (1994). If the government can prove that the murders occurred as alleged on behalf of the Gambino crime family, then it can charge Gotti Jr. with criminal conspiracy. The benefit of this rule for prosecutors is that it does not require them to show what specific role each conspirator played in the murder. The government does not have to prove that Gotti Jr. ordered the murders or that he planned them, but only that a conspiracy existed between Gotti Jr. and the alleged murderers. Of course, criminal conspiracy laws are broad enough that they have the potential to be abused by overzealous prosecutors. Gotti Jr. is not a sympathetic figure in this case, and he likely did engage in a criminal conspiracy based on the facts presented here. There are situations where criminal conspiracy laws may go too far, though. If two people conspire to commit a minor crime, and one of the parties commits a more serious crime in the process of committing the minor crime, both parties can be charged with conspiracy to commit the major crime. This is true regardless of whether the two parties were together when the major crime was committed, or whether the absent party was even aware of the more serious crime. This can lead to absurd results in some cases. While the law does allow criminal conspiracy charges to be brought fairly easily, prosecutors should use their discretion to limit conspiracy charges to cases involving major conspiracies, such as the Gotti Jr. case. Reference List United States v. Monroe , 73 F.3d 129 (7th Cir. 1995). United States v. Shabani , 513 U.S. 10 (1994).
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Nine Epistles From The Tao Te Ching Essay (Critical Writing) Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu is not a simple piece of writing. It is a sacred work which has become the beginning of the Philosophical Daoism. Being the central book in the Chinese religion, it offers numerous epistles which must be followed. Being the central in the Taoism philosophy, this piece of writing describes the most significant elements of the philosophy and tries to explain the importance of following it. One of the central ideas of the book is that the Tao is the Nature, the essence of everything in the world which cannot be either experienced or seen, it just exists, that is all (Magno 90). The main purpose of this paper is to consider nine epistles from The Tao Te Ching and reflect on them, having presented the description of the main ideas discussed in each of the offered epistles and then make conclusion about the relation of these epistles to the South Korea at mean times. The first epistle from The Tao Te Ching dwells upon the Tao and its essence. Only having no name it may be named. If it is possible to name something, so it is possible to change this name as well as its essence. The Tao is something unchanged, it is eternal. The author states that the Tao is the “beginning of heaven” (Tzu 6) because it is nameless. The second epistle shows that people perceive the whole world only because it has contrasts. Thus, people can understand where good is only because they know bad actions. It would have been impossible to say that the action is good if people were not aware of bad actions. Only ugly things make it possible for us to see the beauty of the world. The whole processes in the world are conducted without pause. “Work is done, then forgotten” (Tzu 6) and then done again. This makes the world processes last forever, explaining the essence of objective reality and its duration. The main idea of the next epistle which is numbered eleven is the desire of the author to tell the reader that everything which exists in the world is created with a specific purpose. If people do not see the benefits of any of the objects or processes in the modern world, they just cannot understand its essence and to make it useful people should think, “benefit comes from what is there, usefulness from what is not there” (Tzu 7). The fourteenth epistle considers the essence of the Tao, which is described as the opportunity to know the ancient beginning. The sound which cannot be heard, the form which cannot be identified, the object which cannot be touched, a formless form and an imageless image are called indefinable and beyond imagination, still, these notions exist. It is possible to predict that the author dwells upon the Tao in this case, as something which has no beginning and no ending (Tzu 8). The central idea of the fifteenth epistle is to show people that there is no need to try to search for the source of their knowledge about the Tao. People should just accept this teaching without seeking fulfillment as it may lead to the change. Tzu says “Not seeking fulfillment, they [observers] are not swayed by desire for change” (9). The twenty-second epistle shows that those who remain meek win, “Yield and overcome” (Tzu 10) is the expression which shows that people should come through some barriers, they should suffer and only then they will be able to reach the desired outcome. The twenty-seventh epistle adds to the main idea of this expression and states that “A good door needs no lock, yet no one can open it” (Tzu 11). If people strongly believe in what they do and do it correct without hidden purposes, according to the rules provided by the Tao these people will always get what they need. Only all-absorbing faith can be helpful. The main idea of the thirtieth epistle is that people must try to reach results as it is natural, still these results should not cultivate pride, glory, or boast in people. Violence should not be the means towards achieving the results as those who use power are going to lose their strength. Power is not what should be used while achieving the results as there is no more powerful force than the Tao has and everyone who dares to use his/her power as if used this power against the Tao and “comes to an early end” (Tzu 12). The forty-sixth epistle focuses attention on human wishes and desires. Those who cannot restrict their desires are unable to live in harmony with Tao. The unawareness of the scope of a will is the greatest sin as only a person who understands what “enough” means can have “enough” in this live, while having enough is what people long for. In conclusion, having considered the epistles offer by Tzu, it is possible to conclude that the inability to follow those is one of the reasons why people live in bad conditions (as they think). The life in the South Korea at mean time does not correspond to human desires because they are unable to live according to the Tao laws. Reaching and understanding the Tao is one of the main ways out for the country. Both citizens and the ruling power should understand it. Works Cited Magno, Joseph A. The Spiritual Philosophy of the Tao Te Ching . Illinois, IL: Pendragon Publishing, Inc., 2005. Print. Tzu, Lao. Tao Te Ching . Web.
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The Movie Adaptation Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Key Differences between the Novella and the Adaptation 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction In the novella titled A River Runs through It, written by Norman Maclean, the two essential topics are fly fishing and religion. Nevertheless, the inherent meaning of the novella by Maclean (1976) goes beyond these two because of other themes that interfere with the plot. Therefore, it may be safe to say that there will be several crucial differences between Maclean’s novella and Redford’s movie. Speaking of the adaptation, it was intended to reflect the mysterious and beautiful nature of the state of Montana while dwelling on the fate of the story’s main characters. The depictions of Norman and Paul, two completely dissimilar brothers, are carefully taken by Redford (1992) and turned into a strong plot device. The primary objective of the current paper is to validate the argument that the changes made by the director of A River Runs through It allowed him to add to the depth of the original novella with the same title. Key Differences between the Novella and the Adaptation The primary difference between the novella and its movie adaptation is the depiction of Paul and his life. Even though some of Paul’s mischief is touched upon across the original literary work, the movie tends to put a much bigger emphasis on his love for gambling and a glamorous lifestyle (Redford, 1992). The best example to highlight this difference would be to mention the scene where Paul and Norman were depicted going down the river together in a stolen boat. Even though this episode is missing from the novella, it is a great opportunity for the director to amplify the difference between the two brothers. While it is evident from the plot that Paul has a huge influence on his brother Norman, the movie goes beyond superficial descriptions and provides the audience with straightforward hints at the natural differences. From a young age, Paul was much more of a trouble-making figure than Norman, and the movie A River Runs through It does not take a toll on the novella by focusing on the boat scene and amplifying the dissimilarities carried by Paul and Norman. Another stylistic device that was masterfully utilized by Redford (1992) was the reduction of fishing-related talk in favor of displaying interpersonal relationships and highlighting their importance to the story of the Macleans. The novella seems much more hasteless in terms of narration because Maclean (1976) was keen on pointing out every little detail about fly fishing and its importance for intrafamilial relationships. Understandably, the movie ignores the majority of fishing talk to focus on Norman, Paul, and their father. Redford (1992) took this step not to overload the story with narration elements that most likely would not work in a movie in the same way they did in the novella. Thus, the movie represents a transition from interpersonal relationships to paternal love, while the novella represents an ode to how many fathers represent the core bonding element within families while lacking a thorough emotional range. Nevertheless, the reduction of exposition revolving around fishing did not influence the movie in a negative manner. The third instance of variation between the novel and the film is the presence of inconsistencies related to the timeline. There are two major examples of how Redford (1992) condensed the contents of the novel in order to improve the narration process and make the story flow better. The first one is how Maclean (1976) depicts Norman talking about his wife Jessie for the first time when they have already been married for some time. In Redford’s (1992) movie, Norman and Jessie meet and then get married throughout the movie. The second example of the director breaking the timeline is Norman coming back to Montana in 1926, whereas in the novella, he only returns in 1938 (Maclean, 1976; Redford, 1992). Again, this was an instance of the director exploiting an artistic device to make it look as if Paul’s murder occurred very soon after Norman’s return. The emotional connection between the main characters and the audience grows stronger throughout the movie because Redford’s (1992) initial focus is on the relationships between brothers. Conclusion Bearing in mind the contents of the novella and its film adaptation, it may be safe to say that there have been several important adjustments introduced by the director to add detail to the original A River Runs through It . Both can be considered consistent works of art capturing the differences between brothers carefully, with wittiness and poetic elegance. Robert Redford’s efforts were essential because they contributed to the creation of a striking film that translated the energy from the novella into a deep story of how boys become men. From Paul’s mischievous behaviors to the brothers’ preoccupation with fishing, the adaptation shows all the true colors of life in Montana and the struggle that Macleans had to experience over the years. The universal language of love depicted in the form of fly fishing became a source of unity for brothers and also connected the novella to its film adaptation. Despite the slight changes made by Redford, the movie titled A River Runs through It remains one of the most touching metaphors for how one could express love. References Maclean, N. (1976). A river runs through it . University of Chicago Press. Redford, R. (1992). A river runs through it [Film]. Columbia Pictures.
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Feminism in “A Doll’s House” by Ibsen Annotated Bibliography Benhabib, Seyla. “Feminism and the Question of Postmodernism.” The New Social Theory Reader . Routledge, 2020. 156-162. Benhabib’s chapter, “Feminism and the Question of Postmodernism,” highlights the connection between feminism and postmodernism in contemporary society. According to Benhabib, the two concepts have become the “leading currents of time” (157). Western civilization and modernity can therefore be evaluated in line with feminism and postmodernism in society. In essence, the authors feel that the norms that constitute a culture should be criticized for a better future. Charan, Dr. Swati. “Shift In the Role of Women In The Society: Through The Lens Of A Doll’s House By Henrik Ibsen.” International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences , vol 5, no. 4, 2020, pp. 191-193. AI Publications. In this article, the author examines the role of women in society through the issues presented in A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen. Charan mentions that women’s role in society is changing as they no longer subscribe to the old manipulative habits. The main point presented in the article is that changes in social roles and cultural values are changing. Through Ibsen’s play, women are shown to be radical and committed to implementing changes in society. Nasrin, Sohana. “New Ways of Activism: Design Justice and Data Feminism.” Social Movement Studies (2021): 1-5. Nasrin examines the role of feminism in enforcing justice and human rights activism. This work is founded on activists’ role in fighting for perceived human rights. However, most have not considered that justice and feminism are interrelated. Nasrin’s main point is that social movements should consider activism through women’s rights and feminism. Siagian, Farida Hannum, I. Wy Dirgeyasa, and Indra Hartoyo. “Feminism in Patriarchal Society Reflected in the Main Character of Perempuan Berkalung Sorbian Movie.” LINGUISTICA 7.3. In this article, the author handles one of the core concepts in feminism; its varieties and forms. Siagian notes that there are three primary types of feminism: liberal, radical and socialist Marxist. These forms of feminism are evident in a patriarchal society, as shown through the author’s analysis of the Perempuan Berkalung Sorbian movie character. Essentially, the author’s idea is that women demonstrate feminism in various forms based on their motivating factors.
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Marketing-Mix Component Variables and Examples Essay The marketing-mix variables have always been the same since the invention of marketing, and these are “product, place, promotion, and price” (David, 2011, p. 258). A product must have quality, with distinct features and options in order to sell and have a lasting recall in the minds of consumers. If it has its own style (design) and a name developed through the years, it becomes popular and in demand. Proper packaging and warranty influence customer liking. Other services devised by marketers can add value to the product. Under the variable component “place”, we have distribution channels and coverage which determine how the product reaches the market and eventually to the customer. This can also be related to outlet location, which tells us how it can reach a great number of customers. Sales territories refer to the number of areas covered by salespeople or office. Transportation carriers enhance sales and profit. Promotion is another variable, and it refers to advertising. Advertising stimulates consumers into buying the product. Another method is personal selling which uses effective sales from employees who have direct contact with the customers. Another example under promotion variable is publicity, which enhances the popularity of the product. Price has a strategic value because it positions a product against other products (Blythe, 2006). It must have a certain level to make it attractive to customers. References Blythe, J. (2006). Principles & practice of marketing . London: Thomson Learning. David, F. (2011). Strategic management: Concepts and cases (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
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Logical Fallacies in Criminal Justice Essay The first logical fallacy that is widely met within the framework of criminal justice is called the “straw man.” This fallacy is based on the principle of arguing against a distorted version of the argument. The misrepresentation of the original argument is not taken into account, and the key objective of this fallacy is to confuse the opponent and form one’s opinion on the wrong argument. In the case, if the “straw man” (the exaggerated argument) was refuted, the party may claim that that the original argument was disproved as well (Banks, 2016). This technique has a rather decent impact on criminal justice because it allows one of the parties to argue against a detested image of the opposition instead of supporting their claims. The second logical fallacy that is reviewed within the framework of this paper is called an argument from authority. The issue with this fallacy within the framework of criminal justice consists in the fact that it is usually abused by those parties that do not have enough authority to make a certain claim. Because of this, they are forced to manipulate others to a certain extent to influence the outcomes (Chapman & Davis, 1978). One of the most prevalent examples of this fallacy is a judge’s behavior when the matter of the case interferes with their personal life or values. This fallacy seriously impacts the area of criminal justice because it creates a great deal of bias and impacts the outcomes of court hearings. The third logical fallacy also called an appeal to the majority, is the extension of the second concept reviewed in this paper. On a bigger scale, this logical fallacy can be described as a statement that if the majority believes that something is true and correct, then it is that way. The concept of an appeal to the majority is also widely met in criminal justice because the authorities may be influenced either by fellow judges or the jury and reach verdicts that do not go in line with their personal beliefs or criminal laws (Roh, 2003). Within the topic of criminal justice, it should always be taken into account that truth has nothing to do with common agreements because making a valid decision and trying to fit in are two interchangeable concepts. The fourth logical fallacy is called an appeal to ignorance. This concept is based on the belief that something is false unless it has not been proven otherwise. In criminal justice, this logical fallacy is also known as “innocent until proven guilty.” This is a basic concept that is applied all over the United States because the whole criminal justice system is based on this concept (Roh, 2003). This particular logical fallacy is rather important for the parties that are involved in criminal dealings because the absence of proof leaves both sides innocent and creates impassable obstacles for US criminal justice. The last logical fallacy that is reviewed within the framework of the current paper is the belief that correlation implies causality. This concept is not met in criminal justice as often as the appeal to ignorance, but it still has a substantial impact on the outcomes of court hearings. Judges tend to connect the dots between several variables even if the connections among them are weak and there is not enough evidence to support all the claims (Banks, 2016). The problem here consists of the fact that common sense is disregarded and external variables are not included in the argument. This confusion is the main cause of incorrect decisions made in court. References Banks, C. (2016). Criminal justice ethics: Theory and practice (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Chapman, M. L., & Davis, F. V. (1978). Skills for ethical action: A process to judgment and action. Educational Leadership, 35 (6), 457-461. Roh, Y. R. (2003). An extended conception of rationality and moral actions. Journal of Value Inquiry, 37 (1), 35-49. doi:10.1023/a:1024033810944
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This created in him a great doubt over the existence of what he perceived at any time: At this moment it does indeed seem to me that it is with eyes awake that I am looking at this paper; that this head which I move is not asleep… But in thinking over this I remind myself that on many occasions I have in sleep been deceived by similar illusions, and in dwelling carefully on this reflection I see so manifestly that there are no certain indications by which we may clearly distinguish wakefulness from sleep… (Soccio, 258). It is sense perception that Descartes proves here to have little faith in, as he manages to convince himself that while awake, it is in fact possible he is dreaming. He only ever gets as far as proving the material may exist. This is a result of his proving to himself through the concept of the innate idea and of the human incapacity for perfection that God does exist. He believes that since every person has an idea of a perfect being, and yet every person is by essence imperfect, that the idea must have originated from outside of the human mind (Soccio, 262). His answer to the question of where, then, this idea originated is the next logical step of a train of thought that now must accommodate the existence of this idea. This is where he manages to convince himself that the only reasonable explanation for “the perfect idea of perfection” is God: By the name of God I understand a substance that is infinite, independent, all-knowing, all-powerful, and by which I myself and everything else, if anything else does exist, has been created. Now all these characteristics are such that the more diligently I attend to them, the less do they appear capable of proceeding from me alone; hence, from what has been already saying, we must conclude that God necessarily exists (Soccio, 262). Since God is all-powerful, it is indeed true that it is within his capacity to create existence, but Descartes can never ascribe to his senses enough confidence to believe fully in the material he perceives. My experience tells me that all abstractions come from what we have perceived over time. My experiences tell me that as we are born, we have no innate ideas in our minds—that we only possess a slate designed by evolution to receive the product of our perceptions in the form of ideas, concepts, beliefs, and abstractions. This is difficult. We perceive the entire world anew as we grow, and the demand on our minds to understand, classify, and create operational abstractions from these perceptions is great. The concept of God offers a reprieve from the responsibility to draw conclusions based on what is sensed, as expressions like, “Well, God works in mysterious ways,” can be used to cover any sized landscape of the unascertained. Nathaniel Branden, a present-day philosopher and psychologist, uses the argument of the “infinite regress” to press upon the fallaciousness of explaining existence through God (Branden, ‘First Cause’). This does not, however, appropriately fly in the face of Descartes’ reasoning, as he is able only to justify the existence of God to himself, and never is fully able to use that justification to explain existence, which is baffling. In leaving the existence of everything outside the personal mind in question, how is it possible that any of Descartes’ thoughts about anything at all contain substance? About what is he thinking? In forgetting that sense perception has informed all of his rational arguments, Descartes makes an unforgivable mistake. This is also how he is able to circumvent reason itself in his proof of God, as any person who believes in his own sense perception will be able to understand “the perfect idea of perfection” is an accumulation of perceptions and desires used to create a sum of the world as it is capable of existing. This is an action committed by human beings to guide their own proactive decisions through life. Works Cited Soccio, Douglas J.. Archetypes of Wisdom: Seventh Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2010. 248-271. Branden, Nathaniel. “’First Cause’ is Existence, not God.” American Atheists. Web.
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Data Communication and Management Issues Coursework Recently, the nature of demands on MANs and WANs has changed dramatically; this is as seen in the Haukland University case study. Previous WAN technologies such as T-lines or X.25, were not complying with the needs of users. Users were expecting higher data rates, lower costs, efficient handling of high data transmissions, and less overhead. In light of this, network technologies that are currently implemented to meet the user’s requirements include frame relay, ATM and Ethernet MANs. Frame Relay is a virtual-circuit technology the offers low-level services in response to the demands of high data rates at a lesser cost, bursty data, and improved transmission media (Forouzan, 2005, p. 525). In its operation, the frame relay provides constant virtual and switched virtual links. DTEs bond users to the system while the DCEs switches direct the frames through the connection. Therefore, frame relay is normally used as a WAN to connect LANs or mainframe computers. According to Stallings (2005), the advantages of frame relay relevant to its offerings are: 1. it operates at a higher speed (1.544Mbps and recently 44.376Mbps). 2. Because it operates at the data-link and network layers, it can be implemented as a basis network that offers services to a standard that has a network layer. 3. Frame relay offers a variable data rate. Users don’t have to stick to a fixed data rate as in the case of X.25 or T-lines. 4. It allows a frame size of 900 bytes, which can handle all LAN frames. 5. Frame relay is cheaper than other conventional WANs. For the case of ATM: this is the cell relay standard implemented by the ATM forum and approved by the ITU-T (Stallings, 2005). The user contacts devices, known as endpoints, which are linked through a user-to-network interface (UNI) to the switches within the system. The switches are linked by network-to-network interfaces (NNIs). The data packet for this architecture is a cell composed of 53 bytes, operating for a data rate of up to 100Mbps and in the Gbps range thus eliminating the varying delay times associated with different sized packets. These offerings enable it to support high data rates than frame relay. Secondly, because of its switched nature, the ATM can handle real-time transmissions. Thirdly, the UNI interface increases the network performance and consistency since there is an existence of virtual paths. Thirdly, because of its LAN Emulation (LANE), an ATM switch can behave like a LAN switch. Last but not least, ATM offers enhanced network services since it can use a permanent virtual circuit (PVC) or a switched virtual circuit (SVC). On the other hand, the Ethernet MAN is a high-speed data connectivity that offers a simple, cost-effective way of networking several stations. It has a data rate of 2- 1000Mbps and enhanced network services. This protocol is designed to use optical fiber. According to Telestra, the characteristics of Ethernet MANs include bandwidth on command, applications such as bandwidth control and schedule manager, effective reporting functionality, and different levels of redundancy. In light of this, the advantages that can be realized from this architecture are: Firstly, there is the flexible and proper use of bandwidth because of a dynamic data access capacity. Secondly, the performance of network components can be monitored easily. And thirdly, Ethernet MAN can be integrated easily into a corporate LAN because of its implementation on the data link layer. Transition Issues Replacing a network infrastructure presents an organization like Haukland with several transition issues. Firstly, in its plight to change from frame relay WAN to the Ethernet WAN, the hospital may be susceptible to reduced service delivery to the region. It is known that Haukland University Hospital offers services to Western Region’s 900,000 inhabitants with 200 admissions and 1000 outpatients a day; making a network system changeover would imply that the current day-to-day operations would be compromised. In consideration of this, laying the fiber optic cables for the Ethernet WANs takes a lot of effort and time since the hospital’s region has a diameter of 200km. The hospital may be forced to replace cables with fewer data rates (e.g 100Base-FX) with a high data rate cable (e.g 1000Base-LX) in order to realize the scalability of Ethernet WAN. Secondly, having a greater data value in the network posses a higher risk in data security. Due to its extensive network, Haukland’s important data such as intellectual property, patient’s information, financial and classified government data are prone to breach. As the new network is implemented, the data that travels through the network must be protected. To ensure data security, Haukland management is faced with a duty of maintaining the availability, integrity and confidentiality of information transmitted in the new network infrastructure. Thirdly, the implementation costs associated with network configuration and hardware upgrade may be a challenging issue to the Hospital’s management. Since Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS) requires considerable storage and support for a high capacity WAN (Ethernet WAN) the institution will need to upgrade its information systems to support the increased requirements of the network. Devices such as routers may be replaced by Switches. Therefore, in implementing Ethernet WAN infrastructure the Haukland hospital needs to consider the setup costs associated with this network, security, and the user’s requirements in the welfare perspective; are the customers going to get the best services? And the network should allow for future upgrades. References 1. Forouzan, A. B. (2005). Data Communication and Networking (4 th Edition). West Patel Nagar, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. 2. Stallings, W. (2005). Business Data Communications . (5 th Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. 3. Testra.(2009) Ethernet MAN.
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Delegation in Nursing Practice Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Delegation is a significant nurses’ liability that may allow them to enhance the quality of care. However, many caregivers do not fully appreciate it and avoid assigning tasks to their colleagues. This paper reflects on this issue and discusses the possible reasons for such behavior among nurses. It also suggests possible solutions aimed to improve appreciation. The report concludes that improving self-assessment skills and clinical capacities, as well as enhancing trust among the team may eliminate the problem. Discussion The role of delegation in nursing is vital as it may improve patient outcomes significantly. First, it allows caregivers to dedicate more time to assessing patients and addressing their concerns. Second, by delegating tasks, nurses can work in collaboration, which leads to a comprehensive approach to treatment and care. However, nurses may not fully appreciate delegation as it has various legal implications. For example, Black (2016) notes that a caregiver is liable for delegated acts unless the delegatee’s scope of practice includes them too. Moreover, the delegation process may be complicated as nurses should evaluate the skills and knowledge of the delegatee considering the task, as well as provide clear instructions and supervision. The patient’s health status, as well as available resources and time, should also be noted. Some caregivers may consider the delegation process time-consuming and be not ready to encounter possible complications associated with legal aspects of it. For instance, in case the delegatee is involved in malpractice or a medical error, nurses may have to undergo a court process. Thus, some of them may prefer to perform all of the tasks themselves, neglecting the benefits of delegation. Several possible solutions can be suggested to improve nurses’ appreciation of delegation. The first one is educational training aimed to enhance caregivers’ self-assessment skills. The study by Hughes, Kirk, and Dixon (2017) shows that professional nurses may lack the ability to evaluate whether they have the necessary skills to perform a task or feel confident in doing it. As a result, caregivers may encounter difficulties in determining the actions that they can or cannot do according to their professional capacities. Enhancing self-assessment skills may eliminate this problem and allow caregivers to understand that delegation may be vital for improving patient outcomes. The second possible solution may be the implementation of discussion sessions where nurses can address challenging aspects in their practice and provide each other with support and an alternative perspective on difficult issues. This way, caregivers can establish trust-based relationships, which will eliminate the fear of delegating tasks. The third method that can be used is training aimed to expand nurses’ clinical knowledge and skills. Hospitals should provide their staff with the opportunity to improve the quality of care by offering regular educational sessions. During training, caregivers can reflect on challenging cases from their practice, discuss alternative treatment methods, and share their knowledge with their colleagues. This measure can also enhance trust and respect among nurses and motivate them to appreciate delegation because they will be aware of the high level of each other’s professional skills and competencies. Conclusion Delegation may be vital for nursing practice as it allows caregivers to perform a thorough assessment, work in collaboration with each other, and use a comprehensive approach to care. Many nurses do no appreciate this liability due to its legal implications. To enhance their appreciation, it is crucial to establish training aimed to improve self-assessment skills and clinical knowledge, as well as discussion sessions dedicated to challenging aspects of practice. References Black, B. (2016). Professional nursing: Concepts & challenges (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders. Hughes, M., Kirk, R. C., & Dixon, A. (2017). How and why nurses’ direction and delegation skills should be improved. Kai Tiaki Nursing New Zealand, 23 (9), 29-31.
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World War II in Eurasia and America Essay The Second World War was the most devastating conflict in the history of humanity. It is estimated that 50 million people perished during the war, approximately 20 million of whom were civilians (Foner 888). The conflict started in Europe, initiated by the German Nazis led by Hitler, who was helped by other far-right forces. The U.S., despite initially trying to be neutral, was also dragged into the conflict. The war ended with the defeat of the far rights; however, conflicts of interests of the winners led to the tension that persisted for long years after the war. In Eurasia, a number of events occurred in the 1930s that led to the war. In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria (a Chinese province); later, they moved farther to China, slaughtering people. In Europe, Hitler came to power in Germany; he started rearming the country (violating the Versailles Treaty) and occupied Rheinland in 1936. Italian fascist Benito Mussolini invaded Ethiopia. A far-right General Francisco Franco led a coup d’état in Spain (for which aim he received support from Hitler), and achieved victory in the civil war in 1939. In 1938, Hitler annexed Austria and a part of Czechoslovakia in his pursuit to “unite the Aryan race.” Hitler also launched mass persecutions of Jews, deporting them to concentration camps. At first, Britain and France kept to the policy of “appeasement,” trying to talk Hitler into promising peace. In 1939, Stalin offered to oppose any further German claims on territory, but Britain and France refused. Then the Soviet Union signed the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, a treaty of non-aggression between the USSR and Germany, and Germany invaded Poland in 1939. Germany followed the method of Blitzkrieg, “a lightning war,” which involved fast and unanticipated attacks in order to defeat an enemy who was not ready to defend oneself quickly. Hitler planned to capture all the Europe fast and spread his Nazi policy further. Within a single year, the Nazis seized Scandinavia, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. In 1940, the Axis, a military alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan, was forged (Foner 853-856). The U.S. initially attempted to remain neutral. In addition, in America, there also were followers of Hitler. Many others strongly wished not to participate in the conflict. The country adopted the policy of “appeasement” and isolationism. However, Roosevelt showed support to Britain and China, who were fighting Germany, by selling them weapons. The U.S. gradually found itself in closer and closer relationships with the countries fighting the Nazis. However, these countries run out of finances to buy American supplies at some point. In March 1941, the Lend-Lease Act was passed by the Congress; it permitted the USA to provide military supplies for the enemies of the Nazis (in particular, Britain, China, and later the USSR when it joined the war), as long as the recipients promised to pay back after the war. America also froze all the Japanese assets in the U.S., which stopped the trade between the two countries (Foner 855-857). An aggressive reaction followed in December 1941 when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, an American naval base in Hawaii, killing over 2000 people and destroying a number of ships and aircraft. Soon, Congress voted for the U.S. to join the war. Germany declared war on the USA the next day after the vote. From this point, the U.S. joined the worldwide war (Foner 857-858). In 1943, during the Casablanca Conference, Roosevelt offered the Allies (the coalition of countries opposing the Axis) to accept no less than unconditional surrender from the enemy. It meant that the Allies would offer no guarantees to the leaders of the countries surrendering to them in the war. With time, the Allies started to achieve progress in battling the enemy. In particular, there were a number of important victories against Japan. In response, Japan started using Kamikaze aircraft, suicide bombers that crashed into enemy ships. Such assaults were more precise and effective than regular attacks. In 1945, the forces of the Allies were winning. However, before that time, a secret project had been launched in the U.S. to develop a nuclear bomb before that could have been accomplished by Germany. The bomb was created, and Truman dropped two bombs on Japan in August 1945. The decision is hard to estimate; on the one hand, an invasion into Japan would have cost the estimated 250,000 American lives, as well as more lives of Japanese people. On the other hand, the bombs killed hundreds of thousands of Japanese civilians, when Japan had already been going to surrender. It is stated that the profound dehumanization of Japanese, which took place in the U.S., also played its role. The decision to drop the nuclear bombs remains controversial until these days (Foner 886-888). In 1945, the Yalta Conference took place. During it, the USA and Britain did not object much to the USSR reclaiming the Baltic states and a part of Poland. Stalin, however, agreed to allow “free and unfettered elections” in Poland. Also, Britain did not agree to help India and other British colonies to become independent. Still, the participants of the conference had conflicting views about the future of the post-war world. It is stated that the conference planted the seeds of the future conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union (Foner 889-890). To sum up, it should be noted that German and other far rights initiated a large-scale conflict in Europe, and many countries, including the U.S., were dragged into the most devastating war in history. After six bloody years, the Axis failed to achieve victory, but different members of the Allies had conflicting interests, which led to long-term tension in the post-war world. Works Cited Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty!: An American History . Vol. 2. 4th ed. 2013. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. Print.
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Inauguration of President Barack Obama on 2009 Essay The Presidential Inauguration Ceremony held on January 20, 2009, was perhaps the highest attended ceremony of all time. The crowds began gathering the night before and huddled in the cold weather just to be able to say they were there, even though it was obvious some would never have been able to see the actual ceremony. However, once Obama stepped out into view, the crowd seemed to suddenly forget all about the cold. This was a very memorable moment as the first black president of the United States and the hope of so many for the future came into view. The actual swearing-in of the President was also a memorable moment as Chief Justice Roberts stumbled over the opening lines of the traditional oath causing many some uncomfortable wondering whether Obama’s presidency would be questioned as a result. This could be seen in the questioning eyes of some, but the concerns were relieved by the smiles and ease of the President and Chief Justice as they worked through the moment. Another memorable moment for me was when Obama, during his speech, mentioned the Muslims not as enemies, but simply as people and as citizens of the United States. At the Inauguration Ceremony, a moment of tremendous stress, excitement, and emotional upheaval, President Obama still managed to look relatively comfortable and steady. He smiled and waved to the audience, he was confident in correcting the Chief Justice during the oath and he was strong in his speech speaking of what has been done wrong in the past and what needs to be changed to make the future better. This did not make the former President George Bush comfortable, as he squirmed slightly in his seat and tried not to roll his eyes, but it went over well with the audience, who cheered Obama for his statements and booed Bush for his work. Obama reinforced American beliefs in his first speech when he said, “In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of the short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted — for those who prefer leisure over work or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things — some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.” In this statement, he makes it clear that he understands America is built on the hard work and dreams of the common people who often go unknown and uncelebrated. Another statement he made during the speech indicated that he knows the road ahead of us will not be easy. “For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act — not only to create new jobs but to lay a new foundation for growth.” I found hope in this statement as I realized that Obama seems to have a good idea of what it will take to make the country turn around – taking care of the common people rather than giving tax breaks and incentives to the rich. Perhaps the line that will go down in history, though, is when Obama said, “Let it be told to the future world…that in the depth of winter when nothing but hope and virtue could survive…that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it].” In this statement, Obama taps into my sense of American history, American ingenuity, and American hope while also promising me that America will survive into the future as still a great nation. Under Obama’s leadership, I sincerely hope to see the nation greatly improve its educational system and healthcare, build our economy into something stronger, end the war we’ve been fighting in the Middle East and find a means of securing peace between Israel and Palestine. With the moves he has already made since being made President, I am relatively confident that he will do all he can to make these things come true, but I am not as confident that the House and Senate will give him the tools he needs to make these things happen. The team of professionals he has assembled comprises some of the most respected thinkers in their fields and all have reputations as people who get things done rather than just talking about them. If he can make this happen, perhaps he can help us avoid future conflicts as a more educated public will not be so quick to fall prey to the kind of rhetoric that was used to get us into war while a stronger economy and better healthcare system will ensure our people have time to pay attention to what’s happening in the world and still be educated enough to take a more peaceful approach to working out differences.
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Analysis of Josie King Foundation Essay I have recently watched a few videos and read some articles concerning the Josie King case that occurred in 2001. Josie King was 18 months old when she suffered an accident due to drawing a hot bath in which she sustained serious injuries in the forms of second-degree burns. She was taken to the John Hopkins Hospital where she was treated with skin grafts, medication, and fluids. Josie was able to recover rapidly and was moved to the intermediate care unit of the hospital. However, even as her vitals were normal and the burns were healing, Josie had a high fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. The tests conducted by the doctors did not indicate an underlying illness, and they decided to remove her central line, as they assumed it may have an infection. Josie’s condition immediately worsened and she seemed incredibly thirsty. Her mother, Sorrel King, attempted to give her fluids but was warned not to. Sorrel requested for a physician but her request was denied. Josie was later given Narcan and the doctors advised no further narcotics be given. Josie began recovering, however, with the permission from a doctor, a nurse administered more narcotics to avoid withdrawal. Sorrel King was concerned, but her concerns were ignored and shortly, Josie’s condition worsened until she suffered a cardiac arrest as well as extensive brain damage. She died on the same night. This story has affected me deeply, and I feel both incredibly stressed by the thought that such medical errors continue to occur and also makes me more conscious of the patient’s or the patient’s family’s involvement and concerns during their medical care. The tragedy comes from the fact that not only individual errors occurred during the situation, but large systematic problems such as dehydration were the cause of Josie’s cardiac arrest. The symptoms were there, including diarrhea, extreme thirst, weight loss, but were not considered. Sorrel King has become active in the sphere of patient safety advocacy, which I find incredibly important as the issue was, and continues to be incredibly prevalent. Additionally, the responsibility of patient safety is a priority and cannot be handled by any specific individual or a group that does not have direct contact with the patient, as was the case for the doctor that permitted a second dose of narcotics for Josie King. Currently, the Josie King Foundation focuses on the prevention of harm to patients due to medical errors through speaking appearances, safety training, community outreach, and other methods. Additionally, the foundation has an awards program for members of hospital staff that acknowledge, report, and prevent medical errors. When I first watched the speech delivered by Sorrel King or read any of the articles reviewing the actions of the staff, I thought many who work in the fields of nursing and medicine could feel defensive or even guilty. However, over time, and the more I read about the Josie King Foundation, the more I began to feel conscious instead of guilty or attacked. It is the primary function of these foundations and similar programs to guide and control situations in which medical errors can occur. I find the thought of being a part of or responsible for any form of medical error, minor or detrimental, to be incredibly stress-inducing and terrifying. As such, I find that knowing there are professionals and research behind such programs as the Josie King Foundation that aim to reduce these errors, is both helpful and enlightening for my interaction with patients.
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The Three Themes of the “Oedipus the King” by Sophocles Essay There is a variety of elements of drama that writers can choose from, when writing their works. These elements include theme, plot, characters, and language among others. In Oedipus the King, Sophocles uses the element of theme to produce a thrilling composition. The three important themes here include the power of conventional law, disposition to disregard the truth and confines of free will. Themes Sophocles uses the theme of power of conventional law. The need to bury the dead surpasses any law regardless of how the dead person was evil or unpopular. This comes out clearly for Creon after assuming power in Thebes. After losing his power to Creon, Polynices dies. Unfortunately, Creon being the king commands that Polynices corpse be left unburied for dogs and birds to feed on him and everyone; who had been wronged by this wicked man, see him. (Sophocles 98). Because Polynices was a wicked man, Creon assumes this fact justifies his acts. It is true that Polynices had insulted everything and everyone including religion and power. However, as the play unfolds, the audience realizes that burying the dead is not tied to state rules and it has nothing to do with citizenship and loyalty, but has everything to do with humanity. Creon comes to learn, though late; that, the rotting body of Polynices was more of lewdness than punishment. Even though there was no written law in Greece customs to bury the dead, the conventional laws, tied to humanity had power over the state. Again, Sophocles shows how people have the disposition to disregard the truth. Even though Oedipus knows the truth concerning Laius’s murder, he does all he can to exculpate himself. Oedipus knows very clearly that he killed Laius single-handedly; however, he is clinging to the side of the story that claims that Laius died in the hands of strangers. On the same basis, Oedipus chooses to ignore the oracle while Jocasta overlooks the fact that her son was to kill her husband. Oedipus knows this very well but in an attempt to feel good they deliberately choose to ignore the truth. The ironical part of this part notwithstanding; the audience cannot fail to see the vehement denial of truth. People have eyes; they see but choose not to acknowledge and accept the truth. Finally, freewill has limits and this comes out clearly in this story. Prophecy and oracles were respected amongst Greek people during this era. This same oracle had predicted that Oedipus was going to murder his own father and take his mother to bed. On the other hand, prophecy had let Jocasta know that her son would kill her husband and sleep with her. As events unravel, it is clear to Oedipus that he is that boy talked of in Jocasta’s story; however, he cannot use his freewill to change things. Things have gone out of hand such that, they cannot be restored; not even by freewill. Conclusion Sophocles employs the element of theme to communicate with the audience. The theme of this story was to address issues that were affecting the people of Thebes during this time and even in times to come. The audience can easily know what Sophocles meant by writing this script. This is because even as the audience looks back in real life, the issues addressed here are easy to identify with in the society today. These are not foreign events happening to Oedipus only; no, they are happening in real life, right under the watch of the audience. This element of drama comes out strongly and makes the play compelling. Works Cited Sophocles. “Oedipus the King.” Berg, Stephen & Clay, Diskin. Ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.
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The Role of Adults in Supporting the Youth Who Play Sports Essay Youth participation in sports is characterized by many benefits and challenges. On the one hand, young people improve their health, achieve emotional balance, and find a life-long purpose. On the other hand, not all youth make independent decisions, and additional funding and care are required, provoking debates and misunderstandings. To reduce concerns and enjoy the chosen area of interest, one should recognize the role of adults in supporting youth to play sports. Parents, coaches, and staff are the main adults who affect young people’s interests and determine their future in sports by offering financial assistance, organizing activities, and demonstrating enthusiasm in extra-curricular activities. In McKeever’s and Cooky’s readings, there is much credible information about how adults affect youth to play sports or neglect their talents. Parents become a primary source of inspiration and support for children to develop their interest in sports. According to Cooky, sports opportunities depend on a number of factors like lack of transportation, poor funding for equipment and management, limited informative resources, small spaces in urban communities, and even social/gender/racial inequality (261). For example, Centerville and Fairview programs allow defining the roles of parents and coaches and their specific contributions. If an adult does not help a child reach the necessary place for sports activities or demonstrates no interest in sports, the girl will hardly be interested in something. Sometimes, parents believe that playing sports is not necessary for their children. As a result, youth remain unaware of how beneficial sports can be for social interactions, life improvement, and personal achievement. At Centerville and Fairview centers, coaches and staff also play a vital role in promoting sports among youth. The questions of recruiting and marketing have to be properly solved. If not many banners and other data resources are available to youth, they fail to enable their interest in sports (Cooky 269). McKeever raises similar ideas, using the experience of People’s Park staff and underling the importance of keeping safe places for kids (228). The author’s childhood was problematic because of poor family support and maltreatment, which proves the impact of parents on sports choice as well. Sometimes, youth search for some inspiration and freedom to change their routine lives and find their answers in sports. Parents and coaches motivate, support, and educate young people by demonstrating their attitudes and opinions. If adults do not build cross-racial understanding in their communities, sports and mentorship programs could help (McKeever 235). Playing sports may be an outcome of care and thoughtful cooperation between children and adults as well as a way to substitute the darkness of emotional disturbance or parental neglect. In both cases, the role of adults is evident in supporting youth who want to play sports. Works Cited Cooky, Cheryl. ““Girls Just Aren’t Interested”: The Social Construction of Interest in Girls’ Sport.” Sociological Perspectives , vol. 52, no. 2, 2009, pp. 259-283. McKeever, A. James. “11. Park “Rats” To Park “Daddies”: Community Heads Creating Future Mentors”. Child’s Play: Sport in Kids’ Worlds , edited by Michael A. Messner and Michela Musto, Rutgers University Press, 2016, pp. 221-236.
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The New Employee in the Daniel Orozco’s Orientation Critical Essay The new employee is the main character in Orozco’s story “Orientation.” Orozco only concentrates on relationships of other employees and makes the new employee a mere observer in the new setting. The narrator refers to the main character using the second person voice. “You must pace your work” (Orozco 2).However, the narrator tells the story using the first person voice. “What do I mean? (Orozco 3). The new employee does not speak in the story although we can see that there was dialogue. “I’m glad you asked that” (Orozco 3). We assume that the new employee asks a question but the narrator does not include it in the story. By so doing, the narrator demonstrates that the new employee who is the listener is completely insignificant. Similarly, the job that the new employee is to partake is insignificant to the story. The story is set in a conventional office environment. “Those are the offices and these are the cubicles” (Orozco 1). The narrator uses this setting to make the lives and behaviors of employees appear more disgraceful. The narrator shifts from orientating the new employee to the general office to revealing about personal lives of the employees. He tells us about Russell Nash and his lust for Amanda Pierce. Apparently, discussing such information in an office environment is absurd. Assuming that the narrator and the new employee had never met before, the narrator ought to have restrained from discussing sexual relationships of other employees because he risked embarrassing the listener. Under normal circumstances, such discussions only happen between people who are close to each other. The narrator maintains a professional stance by refusing to comment on different sexual aspects of the employees. He only narrates events without sharing his mind about the same. For instance, he describes what Amanda’s husband does but he refrains from offering further comments (Orozco 4). This adds value to how the new employee perceives the information that the narrator shares. The narrator also tells the new employee about his job limitations. “There are no personal phone calls allowed” (Orozco 1). The narrator then explains to the new employee about what he can do when there is need for an emergency call. “If you must make an emergency phone call, ask your supervisors first” (Orozco 1). The narrator uses a professional tone in these two communications and creates a professional mood, which contradicts the idea of unprofessionalism when discussing personal information about employees. The objects in this piece of literature are the offices and the cubicles. “Those are the offices and these are the cubicles” (Orozco 1). The narrator uses these objects to indicate to the new employee that he must act professionally as he is an official environment. These objects also instill caution in the new employee and that is why he listens cautiously and asks questions where he does not understand. The story ends with a climax, as the narrator tells the new employee about Kelvin Howard, who is a serial killer. “Kevin Howard sits in that cubicle over there. He is a serial killer” (Orozco 5). The narrator goes ahead and explains how Kelvin mutilates people in town. He, however, clarifies that Kelvin only kills strangers. By doing so, the narrator intends to assure the new employee that he is safe because under normal circumstances, an employee would scare the idea of working with a prominent serial killer. The narrator also portrays Kelvin as a hardworking man who does not let his non-professional activities interfere with his professional duties. Supposedly, the new employee feels secure because he will not be a stranger to Kelvin, but a professional colleague who Kelvin cannot attack. Therefore, this conclusion works because the aim of orientation is to make people comfortable in new settings.. Works Cited Orozco, Daniel. Orientation , New York: Faber & Faber, 2011. Print.
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Rival Ad-Tech Firms to Become One Essay Key Points * Achieving Strategic, Sustainable Competitive Advantage In The Global Marketplace The two companied had come to a realization that their individual efforts were not very fruitful since they could not be able to fully meet the expectations due to their low capacity and the competition faced from other companies. However, through their merging, they created a company that had the capacity to meet the market demands, create new and advanced ad technology and be able to increase their business globally hence attaining a strategized and sustainable c competitive advantage against their competitors. * Thinking Globally, Act Locally – Globalization & The Global Markets The newly formed company, MediaOcean, would be a company geared towards overcoming global competition against other great ad companies especially Google and other small but strong companies. Hence, the owners of the two companies had thought about how to improve their business in the global market but started by taking some steps in the local setup through merging their companies into a large one that could overcome the challenges and pressure of the global market. Hence, they acted locally but were aiming at penetrating the global market. * Creativity, Innovation & Dynamic Change The newly formed company could be able to achieve a higher level of business through creation of more advanced ad technologies and increased scales hence meeting the expectations of the market and so increasing their competitiveness through increased creativity and innovation. The two companied had hence taken a step of fulfilling a dynamic change through their merge so as to thrive well in the global market. Analysis The two companies, Donovan Data Systems Inc. (DDC) and MediaBank LCC had their own differences in the operation of the ad business and were basically great competitors for many years. What they had not realized over the years was that while they were busy trying to overcome to each other, they were allowing room for establishment and development of even greater and more competitive companies with a greater capacity like Google. While DDC did not have the capacity to produce advanced technology ads and hence held onto traditional ways of advertisements, MediaBank lacked scale in its sales and hence did not succeed well in the business. The merging together of the two companies was an initiation of a new era of business since the new company was very great and full of capacity. It could be able to create advanced technology products and offer them to the customers at the global platform and in a large capacity. It could also be able to compete more enthusiastically with the giants of the ad business like the Google and the other smaller companies. Through its increased scales and an increased customer base due to the merge, the new company could hence be able to comfortably operate as a global company and to attract many customers from all over the world. Better still, the company could finally be able to start utilizing online means of purchasing ad space through use of advanced technology in its operations. Conclusions Through the merging of the two rival ad companies to form the giant MediaOcean company, a great capacity was instilled into the new company in such a manner that it could be able to gain a universal recognition and hence could easily operate in the global market. The company could now enjoy more capital base and hence be able to overcome any external pressure, competition as well as being able to advance technology as it cropped up. The new company hence contained a higher level of competitive advantage against its competitors and was hence able to acquire more sales and returns due to its global base as well as its merged customer base. This is a strategy that could not only ensure the company’s survival in the market but also its sustainability in the ad business.
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Importance of Promotion of an Approach of Multiculturalism Report A critical analysis of the Nollywood film Osuofia in London by Uchenna Onuzulike The article written by Onuzulike is dedicated to a critical analysis of the synthesized Western and African cultures in the film Osuofia in London. Onuzulike manages to highlight the importance of hybrid practices in the context of globalization. The author claims that Nollywood hybrid practices have contributed to the changing perception of African society among other cultures. According to Onuzulike, it is globalization that makes the postcolonial society – Nigeria, want to tell the world about its cultural identity and heritage. There are various themes raised in the chapter, and one of the most remarkable is the importance of cross-cultural contact in a globalized world. It is not an exaggeration to say that globalization has blurred the boundaries of national cultures and influenced many people’s perspectives of cultural diversity and its importance. It is crucial to accept the fact that, in the contemporary world, many companies hire people from various socio-cultural backgrounds. Therefore, people need to be aware that they have biases and recognize that some of them may influence the quality of work and life. Assessing the effects of ‘big brother’ in a workplace: The case of WAST by Sam Sarpong and Donna Rees The article is about the influence of electronic workplace monitoring on employees and the working environment. There is a widespread assumption that the use of technological devices in the workplace puts pressure on employees. The results of the study lead to unexpected results and show that this view is not correct. The vast majority of respondents indicate that they do not think that the use of electronic monitoring invades their privacy. In other words, they do not feel that there is a ‘ big brother ’ in their workplace. One of the most important themes of the article, in my opinion, is the positive impact of technology on workplace culture. Workplaces have changed drastically over the years. There are numerous advantages of using technology and programs at work. For example, technological devices, like voice recorders, and teletypewriters, can help to improve, maintain or increase the capabilities of a worker who has any disability, such as memory problems and inability to concentrate. Cyberbullying from a socio-ecological perspective: A contemporary synthesis of findings from EU Kids Online by Anke Görzig and Hana Machackova The authors consider how socio-cultural differences affect cyberbullying risk experiences among kids in Europe. According to the results of the research, cyberbullying victimization is not widespread in the EU; nevertheless, some cases of bullying have been detected. In my opinion, the researchers have managed to prove that the risk of being cyberbullied depends on factors, such as gender, age, individual social, and psychological differences. Moreover, it is interesting to find out that the prevalence of cyberbullying varied across countries. One of the themes raised in the articles is gender differences in cyberbullying. Usually, traditional bullying tends to be a male-dominated affair, whereas cyberbullying tends to be a female-dominated one. It could be because women are more inclined towards verbal interaction. Therefore, they are more likely to be part of relational aggression, social sabotage, rumor spreading, and gossiping. As a result, there are more cases of cyberbullying victimization among girls at school. Conclusion The learning and working conditions have drastically changed over the last 10-20 years. There are numerous reasons for this: technological progress and globalization are two of the most significant ones. Nowadays, technology is considered as a framework into which people find themselves. If technological devices are properly used, they can improve the employees’ productivity. Also, the process of globalization has led to the fact that many people work and receive education in a multinational and multicultural environment. Therefore, it is essential to promote an approach of multiculturalism in the workplace and throughout the learning process in order to have a positive relationship within the group.
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Studies of African-American Women by Kimberle Crenshaw Essay Kimberle Crenshaw presents the challenges that women encounter in their daily lives in various societies. The scholar explains the ways through which women have been using to reclaim their rightful positions in society. For instance, the author explains that violence is the major hindrance to the realization of individual goals among women and notes further that this is considered a routine that has been affecting their lives. Feminists have come together to share their experiences that have helped them come to the realization that these injustices can best be fought through political instruments, as they have come to the realization that the political demands of millions speak strongly than the appeals of a few secluded voices. The writer observes that injustices, such as wife battering and rape, were viewed in the traditional society as private issues that women were not expected to share with the public (Crenshaw 1241). Again, aberrational, also referred to as errant sexual aggression, was an issue that affected women for many years, but a solution was not provided until recently when the problem is largely acknowledged as part of a broad-scale system of domination that influences the lives of women of all classes and a lasting solution has to be provided. In the modern society, the recognition of social and systemic process of domination and subjugation is considered a long journey towards finding a permanent solution. Consequently, various groups, including women of color, gays, lesbians, and African-Americans are aware of the problems that they face in society and they have devised ways through which they can manipulate the system to ensure their survival. All groups share one characteristic, which is employing identity-based politics in developing the solution, as this provides the strength, the sense of community, and intellectual knowledge. However, the scholar observes that the use of identity politics in advocating for the rights of the group raises tension because of the issue of social justice. Kimberle Crenshaw’s view sheds light on Assanta Shakur’s experiences in the sense that she expresses the same problems that women faced in the United States, as Shakur’s autobiography suggests. Shakur gives a touching story of a poor African-American woman who sought healthcare services in one of the public hospitals in the country after sustaining serious injuries in a shootout. JoAnne Chesimard (Black Panther Assata Shakur) was almost dying in a hospital bed, but the police never cared about his condition, as they went on to ask her about the shootout incident that had taken place in New Jersey (Shakur 24). The author observes that local, state, and federal security agents were only concerned with the information that the poor woman held, but they never considered her health given the fact that she was in a critical condition. The white state trooper had lost his life in the shootout, but the state agents were not concerned with saving the life of the African-American woman. The state security agencies accused Shakur of shooting and killing the white trooper, even though there was no enough evidence supporting the claim. Shakur’s incarceration was based on the propaganda that had been extended by Edgar against blacks with an aim of defaming the black race, infiltrating the African-American, and criminalizing the nationalists and those fighting for the rights of the blacks. The poor African-American woman was enslaved for four years before being imprisoned based on delicate evidence in 1977, with claims that she was co-conspirator in the assassination of the white trooper. Shakur notes that the state and the media presented blacks as bad people who were the major threat to the development of the country, which was never the case. The government never gave blacks a chance to realize their potentials meaning that it only aimed at fulfilling the interests of the whites. Shakur decided to engage in activism after realizing that the government was weak and never wanted the blacks to exercise their rights in the country. Similarly, Kimberle Crenshaw observes that the government supported male domination in society, as it opposed identify-based politics, terming it illegal and sensitive to the country’s security. On her part, Angela Davis notes that feminism its related activism is a new phenomenon that aim at preventing sexual assault and domestic violence, even though a heated debate locally, nationally, and internationally is ongoing regarding the relevance of activists and politicians focused on feminist issues. Women in various prisons are aware of their rights and they are opposed to the idea of using them as objects to satisfy the wishes and desires of men (Davis 341). She notes that men are naturally violent and they always engage their spouses in conflicts without specific reasons, which results in manslaughter. In this regard, she notes that all women in prisons should be handed amnesty, especially those who killed their husbands because they might have acted to save their lives. Unfortunately, the government is reluctant to listen to the pleas of feminist activities. Kimberle Crenshaw observes that women are unable to achieve their interests because the government is indifferent to their sufferings. This claim supports the views of Davis as both underscore the fact that social structure does not help women in any way since men own and control it. Works Cited Crenshaw, Kimberle. “Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color.” Harvard Law School , 1.1 (1984): 1241-1299.Print Davis, Angela. “Public Imprisonment and Private Violence: Reflections on the Hidden Punishment of Women.” New England Journal on Criminal and Civic Confinement 24:2 (1998):339–351.Print. Shakur, Assata. Assata: An Autobiography . Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 1999. Print.
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Introduction 2. Body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Risk management is the type of approach that helps managers in different organizations to identify, assess, and prioritize risks. Afterward, they adopt coordinated and economical ways of minimizing, monitoring and controlling the chances of unfortunate events happening. It has been shown that risks can be in many forms, such as credit risks, accidents, disasters, and financial uncertainties, among others. This report focuses on defining and discussing several aspects in relation to risk. Body Risk refers to the probability of losing a valuable thing. In this context, the value can be attached to social status, emotions, finances, and health outcomes. It can also be defined as the probability of being exposed to uncertainty. It is generally accepted that risks result in negative impacts on individuals and firms (USLegal.com, 2014). Acceptable risk is the extent to which persons, companies, religious bodies, states, and households can tolerate human and property losses (USLegal.com, 2014). For example, the risks that are associated with flooding are acceptable every five hundred years, but not they cannot be accepted every ten years due to the fact that they are typified by many undesirable outcomes. Thus, the chances of acceptable risks to happen are relatively few. In relation to nuclear power plants, deterministic safety analysis is conducted to predict the rates of responding to events that could result in negative impacts (IAEA, 2009). The analysis is typified by a collection of rules and acceptance criteria that are manipulated using various computational tools. The deterministic analytical approach is conducted on a platform of predetermined operational modes that take into consideration postulated accidents (IAEA, 2009). The results of the analysis are spatial and time-dependent, reflecting aspects such as neutron flux. The concept of defense-in-depth encompasses a hierarchical utilization of various levels of procedures and facilities that are aimed at maintaining the efficiency of physical barriers (IAEA, 1996). The barriers are important in preventing health risks associated with radioactive materials. The concept ensures that personnel is provided with graded protection against transients and accidents, such as equipment failures. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is a well-structured method that is used in the logical analysis to help firms to identify and assess risks that are associated with complex technological platforms (Foote, 2002). The strategy leads to cost-effectiveness, improved safety, and performance outcomes. The following are the two main techniques of assessing risks: * Hazard identification * Risk estimation Hazard identification is used to determine whether exposure to stressors in the environment can result in increased chances of risks. The following steps are adopted in the technique (Foote, 2002; NASA, 2011): 1. Determining hazards 2. Assessing dose-response impacts 3. Characterizing risks 4. Assessing exposure levels On the other hand, a risk estimation is an approach that is utilized to determine various factors that typify a risk, such as duration, monetary value, and magnitude. In this context, descriptions are based on probabilities of adverse effects (NASA, 2011). Core damage frequency (CDF) is a concept that is applied in PRA to indicate the probability of an event that would result in damage in relation to the core of a nuclear reactor. Such damages are extremely difficult to control. Large early release frequency (LERF) is a risk measure that is used to assess criteria in nuclear plants. The concept implies that the probabilities of accidents occurring in large areas within a plant Foote, 2002). In many areas that are exemplified by relatively high risks, both the deterministic and the probabilistic approaches are applied (NASA, 2011). Both the strategies are useful because they help to postulate occurrences that are based on cause-effect chains and those that are based on probabilities. Thus, the adoption of the two approaches increases the chances of making the right assessments with regard to risks and how they can be prevented from taking place. Conclusion In conclusion, this report has shown that nuclear power plants should adopt various approaches to prevent the negative impacts of risks. Strategies that are used should be tested and applied on platforms of systematic procedures that could lead to the best outcomes. References Foote, A. J. (2002). Is probabilistic risk assessment the answer? Web. IAEA. (1996). Defence in depth in nuclear safety . Web. IAEA. (2009). Deterministic safety analysis for nuclear power plants . Web. NASA. (2011). The probabilistic risk assessment procedures guide for NASA .Web. USLegal.com. (2014). Acceptable risk law and legal definition . Web.
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Archaea and Bacteria Prokaryotes Dichotomous Keys Essay The phylum Proteobacteria comprises mainly of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. This phylum consists of bacteria that are morphologically diversified like the Greek, Proteus, which it is named after. Most members of this phylum which are pathogenic to humans are obligate pathogens that are mostly intracellular. Such bacteria belong to the order Rickettsiales even though the genus Wolbachia usually exists as symbionts of insects. Other orders of economic importance in this phylum include Rhizobiales which have genera that are pathogenic to both plants and animals with others are responsible for nitrogen fixation. Notably, the genus Rhodospirillum of the order Rhodospirillales is photosynthetic (Tortora, Funk, & Case, 2010). The following is a dichotomous key that distinguishes the five classes of the Gram-negative Proteobacteria. Gram-negative are so classified due to their inability to stain or retain the violet during the Gram stain. This is attributed to the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in their cell walls, unlike their Gram-positive counterparts which have peptidoglycan. This endotoxin is what makes these bacteria pathogenic especially in humans as the LPS triggers various immune responses (Alcamo, 2001). They are divided depending on the mode of respiration, fermentation rate, temperatures in which they thrive and shape. They can be dichotomously divided as follows. The remaining bacterial phyla, Planctomycetes, Chlamydiae, Spirochaetes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria , Thermophiles, Halophiles, Acidophiles , and Methanogens are classified based on their mode of photosynthesis, the position of the filament, motility and shape. They are also classified by their mode of movement and their habitat. While others like Cyanobacteria use oxygen photoautotrophs, others like Cytophaga are chemoautotrophs. Moreover, some of these bacteria are non-motile such as Chlamydia . Others like Spirochetes are motile and use an axial filament for movement. Some of these bacteria either inhabit acidic (Acidophiles), or areas with high temperatures (Thermophiles) (Krieg, Brenner, & Staley, (2005). Dichotomous key for Thermophiles, Halophiles, Acidophiles, and Methanogens References Alcamo, I. (2001). Fundamentals of microbiology . Boston: Jones and Bartlett. Print. Brenner, D., Krieg, N., & Staley, J. (2005). Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology: The proteobacteria . New York: Springer. Print. Tortora, G., Funk, B. & Case, C. (2010). Microbiology: An Introduction (10 th ed). New York: Benjamin Cummings. Print.
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Durkheim and Tocqueville on Groups in Society Essay While Durkheim and Tocqueville discuss groups, their views on what roles they play in society may seem somewhat similar. For instance, they both agree on the fact that aside from political groups, there is also a number of civil establishments that contribute to the development of an individual. Nevertheless, their opinions also have some differences, for example, Tocqueville speculates on how associations work in American democratic society, and why people create voluntary associations. On the other hand, Durkheim argues that intermediary groups exist between an individual and a society. The purpose of this paper is to define voluntary associations and intermediary groups, as well as to figure out how two political scientists interpret the main function of these establishments. First of all, Tocqueville notes that associations in a country maybe not only political, and people continuously create them for a variety of reasons. However, there is no guarantee that civil associations can exist everywhere. For instance, they are rarely present in countries where the government does not allow creating political associations. Nevertheless, American citizens establish voluntarily groups for solving community problems, for entertainment, for religious, moral, or commercial reasons. While in other countries one can find a human or the government at the head of a new establishment, in the U.S. there is a high chance of finding a voluntary association. It is the primary feature of the American democratic society. Moreover, Tocqueville also mentions that associations are considered to be one of the most powerful instruments of influencing people. As an example, the philosopher speaks about aristocratic societies, where a small group of influential individuals is a leader of a big association. At the same time, other people in this association, who are not that wealthy and influential, execute the plans of those who are above them. Such a hierarchy is compulsory in aristocratic groups, and it cannot be questioned. He points out that since a democratic society is considered to be free of influences, it must be artificially created because people inevitably have an impact on each other. Furthermore, some people wish to promote their ideas and opinions, which can be performed through the means of associations. In most cases, such groups are created to establish new sentiments or beliefs. In that way, it would be easier to enforce these views on other people. As for Durkheim, instead of claiming that groups have the only purpose of influencing an individual, he makes a clear distinction between them. He believes that a human possesses two consciousness, one of which is strictly personal; its content is what creates an individual. The other consciousness is shared with a society, which automatically means that it does not represent an individual, but rather how the opinions of others are acting within a person’s mind and behavior. That is where intermediary groups come into action; these groups serve as a bridge between an individual and the collective consciousness of a society. They can be formed in various institutions, including religion, families, and other facilities, where civil society groups can be created. They may serve several purposes; for example, they can provide sufficient communal bonds and means for an individual to interact with others. The process of communication is critical for integrating a person into society. At the same time, intermediary groups serve as a representation of people’s needs and may keep the power of the government in check. Therefore, the role of groups, according to Durkheim, is not to influence those who are weaker, but rather to empower them against strong ones.
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Artificial Intelligence, Its Benefits & Risks Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Artificial Intelligence and People’s Lives 3. Interesting Things about Artificial Intelligence 4. The Future of Artificial Intelligence 5. Conclusion 6. Works Cited Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) revolves around the idea that human intellect can be replicated in machines. Technological advancements have made it possible for experts to manufacture machines, which can discharge many activities that require reasoning without human intervention. Many studies have been conducted to examine the field of artificial intelligence. As this paper reveals, AI-related topics that have received significant scholarly attention include the impact it has on people’s lives, some of its interesting features, and the future of business operations, thanks to the application of artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence and People’s Lives According to Makridakis, “The goal of artificial intelligence includes learning, reasoning, and perception, and machines are wired using a cross-disciplinary approach based on mathematics, computer science, linguistics, and psychology” (49). Artificial intelligence has significant impacts on our lives. This technology influences the buying behaviors of many customers, particularly those who like watching movies. Companies like Netflix have invested heavily in artificial intelligence intending to gather information regarding consumers’ interests. Data gathered is used to target individual customers depending on their tastes and preferences (Makridakis 55). For instance, after streaming a movie or series, one may be surprised to see their screen filled with images that promote other shows or videos. In most cases, these films fall in the same genre as the one they have just completed viewing. Such incidents do not happen by coincidence. Companies use artificial intelligence to persuade people to stream more videos or buy specific products and services. Artificial intelligence is also used in the transportation sector. Taxi companies such as Uber use applications that are equipped with machine learning, which is a component of artificial intelligence (Dirican 568). It would have been hard for Uber to achieve its goal of dominating the ride-sharing market without using this technology. Machine learning enables taxi businesses to identify falsified accounts and determine the most favorable points to pick or drop clients. Interesting Things about Artificial Intelligence One of the most fascinating things about artificial intelligence is that virtually all artificial intelligence assistants respond in feminine voices. For instance, AI machines such as Cortana, Siri, and Alexa are all female. The primary reason they are feminine is that most people prefer female assistants. Another interesting thing about artificial intelligence is that characters can write. Today, robo-journalism is gaining popularity in the media industry. Los Angeles Times prides itself on being the first company to use a robot to compose an editorial about earthquakes in California (Makridakis 58). Despite these numerous benefits attributable to artificial intelligence, some tech companies have doubts about the technology. For example, Tesla’s chief executive officer, Elon Musk, is renowned for his love for advanced technology. However, he shares his skepticism regarding artificial intelligence. Musk argues that artificial intelligence may pose a threat to humanity and hence the need for a level of control. He advocates for the abolishment of the manufacture of automated weapons. The Future of Artificial Intelligence Many customer care professionals are losing jobs. Their positions are being taken over by artificial intelligence. Studies show that over 85% of consumer relationships involve artificial intelligence-aided robots (Dirican 571). Hence, in the future, technology will dominate the personal assistant career, thus rendering many people jobless. The demand for self-driving cars is growing. Artificial intelligence is expected to feature in the automobile industry since many companies are looking forward to producing automated cars. Conclusion Artificial intelligence has infiltrated our lives in various ways. Companies leverage this technology to influence consumers’ buying behaviors. Additionally, businesses are gradually using AI to automate professions, a move that has made many people jobless. Even though this technology is useful, there is the need to regulate its utilization before it becomes a threat to humanity. Works Cited Dirican, Cuneyt. “The Impacts of Robotics, Artificial Intelligence on Business and Economics.” Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences , vol. 195, no. 1, 2015, pp. 564-573. Makridakis, Spyros. “The Forthcoming Artificial Intelligence (AI) Revolution: Its Impact on Society and Firms.” Futures , vol. 90, no. 1, 2017, pp. 46-60.
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Social institutions 2. Functionalism 3. Correlation 4. Researcher 5. Cultural icon 6. Personality It is important to understand the basic terms, principles, and concepts of sociology and be able to put them into practice. To enhance understanding of this discipline, the following paper explains its main ideas. Social institutions, correlation, research ethics, high culture versus low culture, and consumption as the form of self-expression will be discussed in this paper. Social institutions Social institutions are complex groups of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time. These institutions include the economy, school, family, and others. Besides meeting people’s essential demands, these social structures give them roles like a wife, an employee, or a religious follower. By taking on a number of these “roles”, a person forms an identity. Social institutions can be divided into different categories such as music or sports. Being a sports fan is something that can give shape to a person’s identity. Therefore, sport can be considered a social institution. A fan of the Boston Celtics, for example, might assume the role of a loyal fan and learn loyalty, because they would support their team no matter if the team lost or won. Functionalism Functionalism reinforces the idea that social institutions present in society exist to perform an important function. The theory, however popular, has been challenged many times throughout the 20th century most famously by the conflict theory. The conflict discussed in this theory is the one between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The main idea is that because the former holds the means of production, the latter will always strive to get hold of it, resulting in social change. The theories’ views on social inequality are also different. Functionalism views social inequality and social institutions as necessary to maintain a functional society, like well-oiled gears in a machine. At the same time, the conflict theory sees it as a method to keep the ruling class on top and create conflict. Correlation Correlation is the presence of a relationship between two variables, meaning that we can see that if a change happens in one of them, there will be a change in the other. For example, there is a correlation between low income and poor health. It can be observed that people with lower incomes tend to have more health problems. There are multiple ways to explain this relationship. One possible way is that higher income means better health because wealth means better medical care and healthier food and lifestyle. Another way is to say that poor health is what causes low income because it means that an unhealthy person cannot work as much. Finally, a third way to see the correlation is to bring a third factor into the equation which will affect both health and income in the same direction. These three ways of viewing the relationship between health and wealth demonstrate the difference between correlation and causality. Each of these explanations separately is an example of causality, where a change in one factor directly changes the other. Since there is no definite answer to which of the structures is correct, the relationship remains a correlation, which means there may be no causality at all. The only method to find if one factor causes a change in the other and in which way is through experiment and observation. Researcher In any field of study that involves living things, a researcher is responsible for their subjects. To make sure research does not harm or violate any rights of the examined subjects, a scientist must follow a set of ethical guidelines. These guidelines are created by institutional review boards to make equal standards for all researchers in a specific field. Every discipline has “golden rules” and sociologists are not an exception. These rules include not harming the subjects, respecting their rights to know that they are a part of a study, and making sure the participation is voluntary. However, these rules cannot be followed perfectly, meaning that there will be some gray lines when doing research. It is best to make sure that the investigation puts people at no more risk than everyday life. Cultural icon A celebrity is a person that has been able to become famous in a particular field or possibly several areas. The title of a cultural icon might be harder to achieve than the title of a celebrity. A cultural icon is not only famous within a culture but was able to make a significant change in it. Achieving any title requires at least a small amount of talent, but not necessarily the skill associated with the type of media where the title was achieved. For example, by today’s standards, a singer does not have to be a gifted performer because of autotuning. However, to become a celebrity, that person must have a different kind of talent, for example, communication, managing a business, and making connections. This may touch upon debates about high and low culture in the ways of becoming famous in these fields. One might argue that becoming a high culture celebrity is much more challenging because it is more associated with pure talent. Personality As a consumer, I have recently purchased a pair of Bose wireless headphones. I believe they help me demonstrate my personality to a certain degree. Even though a person’s look might not be telling of their entire personality, some traits can be correctly assumed. For example, someone with expensive clothing might make people think they are wealthy, or a lot of sports attire might make someone look athletic. My headphones are a demonstration of my passion for music. One could even say I value mobility due to owning headphones with a wireless feature.
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Life of the Future Essay Life of the future looks very different from what we are surrounded by these days. The progress in all spheres of life is moving really fast (Bardoel, 2012). In the years when our parents were born a simple cell phone would seem like some alien super technology. Five years may change the face of our digital world drastically. It goes without saying that in fifteen years our lives will no longer be what they are now. A morning in fifteen years will still begin at home, an apartment of the future does not need to be too spacious as most of the furniture will be easy to transform, fold and hide. A kitchen can be easily turned into an office or a living room, or a bedroom (The Future of Work, 2013). The age of heavy furniture that constantly occupies half of the room is over. TV sets and music players are gone; they are fully replaced by the new computers. Showering, making a breakfast and washing the dishes can be quickly done just by pressing a couple of buttons. The future household appliances and devices are also multifunctional and easy to transform. In the life of the future everything is about time and speed- the faster you move, the more successful you are. Travelling the way from home to the office is considered a huge waste of time. It only has to be done for three days a week for social purposes. Working process is exactly the same when an employee works from home, plus no time has to be spent for getting ready and putting on office clothes. There is a new type of dress-code for online office employees. A worker must wear their avatar for communication with the clients and co-workers (Maitland & Thompson, 2011). Avatar is a special computer designed look made by a program, it helps making work more effective. Avatar program of an office worker is something like a personal advertisement campaign – socially oriented, worldly, pleasant, designed to attract larger number of clients and represent not only the worker wearing it, but also the company the employee is working for. Avatars help in creating a company image for the clients and other companies. A worker has to design their own avatar – the quality of avatar will be reflected directly on the productivity of this worker’s future success. Being able to design a profitable avatar is a necessary skill an office worker has to possess. Going to the office is obligatory for social purposes – the co-workers must be able to socialize not only through the technologies. A day at the office is much less productive than a work day at home. A standard shift has three necessary breaks to make people go out to the park, have meals together, participate in recreational activities. The look of offices has changed too. Since future offices are all about communication and socializing – the cubicles are gone, replaced by joined tables to make people sit in groups (Waters-Lynch & Butcher, 2013). Offices have lounge zones for the break periods, balconies, cafes, lawns, rooms for yoga exercises. Offices still have secretaries, but these jobs are no longer done by humans. Instead there are intelligent robots that work like answering machines capable of sorting the calls, receiving messages and directing them to the employees, answering frequently asked questions. Employees that are involved into making calls must be educated and skilled at communicating with these robot secretaries in order to achieve the best results. Another crucial part of office management of the future is improvement leisure time and communication between the co-workers. While working from homes the employees are constantly connected by video conferences. This creates an impression of being around many people, but it does not replace real communication. There are committees involved into planning every office’s social program full of physical activities as office employees do not normally lead a very active lifestyle. As the life of future is all about multitasking – most employees become too involved into the work process which influences their health in a negative way and damages their quality of life (Skinner, 2013). Social program committees are designed to distract employees from work and help them relax and switch to other activities. A typical workday in the office is full of various activities and it is shorter than eight hours. A work day at home is very productive, full of information, learning and keeps employees extremely busy on the mental level. The city of the future is not as busy. Traffic problems are minor because in big cities personal vehicles are unnecessary; this is why public transport is working twenty four hours a day, very actively, so that the citizens do not have to wait in traffic lines. Cities are equipped with air improving devices as air pollution has been noticed to increase. The sizes of the cities grew – more people moving to the urban areas required more housing. The cultural faces of the big cities have developed more diversity and became more eclectic (Urban Development Plan 2025, n.d.). Reference List Bardoel, A. (2013). Tool or Time Thief? Technology and the Work-Life Balance . Web. Maitland, A., & Thomson. P. (2011). Future work: How businesses can adapt and thrive in the new World. New York, New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Web. Skinner, N. (2013). You’ve Got Mail, 24-7: a work-life blessing or curse? . Web . The Future of Work. (2013). Slideshare . Web. Urban Development Plan 2025 (n.d.). Smart City Wien. Web. Waters-Lynch, J. & Butcher, T. (2013). Quitting a Cubicle Farm of Co-Working . Web.
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Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” and the Modern World Essay Table of Contents 1. History of London around 1600 CE 2. Plot Overview for Hamlet 3. Theme 4. Hamlet and the Modern World 5. Works Cited History of London around 1600 CE Old London was a large metropolis with courtiers, merchants, artisans, harlot, and even beggars. It was this notice of London in 1600 that formed Shakespeare’s vision. He described it as the beginning of early modern English culture. Moreover, the city developed economically, which stimulated the attraction of merchants from other countries. In this way, the people of London at the time could observe on the streets absolutely all segments of the population, including spies and thieves. Moreover, the city’s economy improved, and personalities began to use plumbing for their own needs (Salkeld 41). Shakespeare appreciated the benefits of London despite the negative aspects of the town started to develop. Plot Overview for Hamlet The dramatic events in Shakespeare’s tragedy unfold within the stone walls of the royal castle at Elsinore. The plot tells of Hamlet, a Danish prince seeking revenge for his father’s death that was killed in his sleep by his brother Claudius, who married the widow and seized the throne. The protagonist is constantly surrounded by hypocrisy and suffers to find the truth and awaken the conscience of those who are willing to serve the tyrant. Hamlet sees an alarming sign of the times in all events. He calls Denmark a prison as he feels a hostage to life’s circumstances (Verma 75). He had to go through many difficulties, pretend to be insane; lost his beloved, and his former friends did not understand him. The tragedy ends with universal death: Hamlet’s father’s unfaithful wife, Gertrude, the Prince’s rebellious villain, King Claudius, and Prince, who dies from a poisoned wound. Theme The tragedy of Hamlet addresses eternal problems: the incompatibility of lofty ideals and dreams with reality, the mismatch between the goals and the means of achieving them, and the role of the individual in history. Furthermore, the central theme is the mystery of life and death, which constantly worries Hamlet. ‘To be or not to be?’ — is the famous question he asks in the monologue (Kuczynski 32). Hamlet does not fully understand what life is and what awaits outside of it. The hero constantly searches for an answer and does not realize how one stab of a dagger can forever erase a person’s entire world of feelings and experiences. At the tomb of the buffoon Yorick, Hamlet ponders where earthly glory goes: the pride of courtiers, the vanity of servants, the military prowess of generals, the beauty of society ladies. He also ponders how insignificant people in society are in their pursuit of self-interest. Hamlet and the Modern World On the one hand, Hamlet was a Renaissance hero, but on the other hand, Shakespeare’s tragedy is timeless and relevant. It raises the theme of choice, which stands before every person in the modern world. The main character is experiencing those problems that concern many generations. He understands that man is a perfect commitment and ornament of all living things. At the same time, he becomes convinced that instincts are the main engine of behavior, and the moral concept of honor and duty are not always respected. Some manage to find a balance between good and evil, but they are few and far between. Hamlet’s words and monologues force everyone to think about the meaning of human life, about deeds and memory. ‘How and for what does a man live in this world?’ — he asks such a question. Finding no answer, he redirects it to us, those who have to live in the problem-ridden, urbanized XXI century. Works Cited Kuczynski, Michael. ‘Hamlet and Our Problems.’ New Orleans Review, vol. 42, 2016, pp. 27–43. Salkeld, Duncan. Shakespeare and London . Oxford University Press, 2018. Verma, Anjali. ‘Hamlet: Shakespeare’s Masterpiece in Our Times.’ Language in India, vol. 16, no. 7, 2016, pp. 73–79.
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One of the monetary policy tools being used is the cash rate which is the rate of interest that financial institutions charge to lend funds (Marthinsen, 2012, p. 202). The Reserve Bank of Australia is one of the central banks which have adjusted the cash rate severally. In November 2011, RBA’s board lowered the official interest rate by 25 basis points to 4.25% (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2012, para.1). By adjusting the cash rate downwards, the central/reserve banks expect commercial banks to respond by adjusting their lending rate similarly and with the same margin. This paper is aimed at evaluating situations of similar changes with specific reference to lending cuts undertaken by central/federal in other countries over the last year. The paper has considered three countries which include Turkey, India and China. The report specifically focuses on cuts undertaken on the lending rate. Other roles performed by the central/reserve banks in an effort to promote economic stability are not considered. China, India and Turkey are amongst the countries which have cut their lending rate over the last one year. For example, the Reserve Bank of India lowered the short term lending rate with a margin of 0.5% to 8% (The Economic Times, 2012, para. 1). The decision by the RBI was motivated by the need to stimulate the country’s economic growth by lowering the rate of inflation. Findings of a study conducted by the RBI revealed that the country’s economic growth had slowed considerably in 2011 compared to the previous year. In 2011, India experienced an increment in the rate of inflation which was fueled by increment in the price of commodities such as food and fuel (Ro, 2011, para.1). However, from December 2011, India has experienced a significant decline in the rate of inflation as a result of the cut in the lending rate (Daily News, 2012, para. 3). This has arisen from the fact that cutting the lending rate is reviving investment and hence promoting employment (The Economic Times, 2012, para. 2). Despite the measure taken by the RBI, some of the public and private-owned banks such as the State Bank of India are not willing to cut the lending rate sooner. These banks argue that they are experiencing narrow profit margins, threat of increased bad debts and high-cost of long term deposits (The Economic Times, 2012, para. 2). As a result, they are not willing to follow RBI’s direction. Additionally, these banks argue that the tight cash conditions are making the deposits remain high thus preventing them from lowering their interest rate. Similarly, from October 2011, Turkey reduced its overnight loans lending rate from 12.5% to 11.5%. Additionally, Turkey’s central bank also lowered its repo rate to 12%. The decision to lower the interest rate arose from an increment in the rate of inflation and currency deterioration. Over the past year, the Turkish central bank has been reducing its lending rate. For example, from January 2012, the lending rate has been 7.5%. This has significantly enhanced the country’s economic growth despite the economic slowdown being experienced in Europe. Additionally, the cut in the lending rate is expected to enable country attain its 4% rate of economic growth during 2012 (Perker, 2012, para.1-3). As a result of the previous economic meltdown both in the United States and the Euro zone, the People’s Bank of China resolved that it would reduce its interest rate with a margin of 25 basis points in order to revive the country’s economic growth. The Central Bank of China intended to achieve this by lowering the cash reserve ratio with a margin of 50 basis points. The central bank intends to reduce the rate of interest from 6.56% to 6.06% during 2012. The downward adjustment in the rate of interest is expected to result into a decline in the rate of inflation during the 1 st half of the country’s fiscal year (Financial Times, 2012, para. 1-4). In summary, it is evident that a number of governments have incorporated monetary policies in their effort to stimulate their country’s economic growth. One of the monetary policy tools that they have incorporated entails open market operations which entail adjusting the lending rate. Turkey, China and India are some of the countries which have implemented this monetary policy. As a result, they have successfully reduced their country’s rate of inflation. However, the effectiveness of this monetary policy in promoting economic efforts is limited by resistance by the commercial banks to cut the lending rate. Therefore, it is paramount of central banks to make it compulsory for commercial banks to cut their lending rate with the same margin that they reduce the interbank lending rate. Reference List Daily News, 2012, Indian central bank cuts key interest rates . Web. Financial Times, 2012, People’s Bank of China may cut interest rates this year to boost growth. Web. Marthinsen, J, 2011, Managing in a global economy: Demystifying international macroeconomics, Cengage, New York. Perker, E, 2012, Turkish central bank unexpectedly cuts upper lending rates : Yields slide. Web. Ro, S, 2011 , Indian central bank raises interest rates and cuts GDP growth forecast. Web. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2012, About financial stability . Web. The Economic Times, 2012, RBI cuts lending rate to prop economy : Home, auto, and corporate loans to become cheaper . Web. The Times of India, 2012, State bank of India may not cut lending rates soon: Chairman. Web.
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Toughening Mechanisms for Epoxies Quality Improvement Research Paper Introduction Epoxies as polymeric materials have been known for quite a while and applied successfully to create strong adhesives (Quan et al. 4493). That being said, epoxies also have disadvantages such as low levels of fracture toughness (Chen et al. 4276). By adding core-shell rubber (CSR) particles (Quan and Ivankovic 16) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), one will be able to address the identified problems and improve the quality of the adhesive (Zakaria et al. 57). Therefore, exploring the options that CSR and CNTs have to offer is crucial. History Epoxy resin has been used in engineering as a “matrix for polymer composites” (Zakaria et al. 57) for a significant period. However, with the discovery of nanoparticles, new opportunities have been opened. The introduction of CSR and CNTs into the structure of epoxies allows enhancing their properties considerably, therefore, opening a plethora of opportunities for improving the quality of products (Gojny et al. 2370). Strength Increase Quan et al.’s study show that nanotubes and the epoxy matrix allow for building a very strong matrix (Quan et al. 4497-4498). Furthermore, cavitated CSR nanoparticles allow for the creation of a shear band and the increase in the shear band zone, therefore, preventing the increase in the fragility of the material. The introduction of the said elements to the epoxy also results in a drop in the MWCNT’s mobility, as the study results show. Thermal and Dielectric Properties’ Improvement An increase in the tensile and flexural strength of epoxy after the incorporation of CSR and CNTs into its structure was reported by Zakaria et al. (61) in their study of the subject matter. Therefore, the mechanical properties of epoxy improve greatly with the addition of the said elements. Furthermore, the levels of thermal stability are enhanced in epoxy with the help of CSR and CNTs (Zakaria et al. 60-61). Durability Gojny et al. (2366-2367) state that the stiffness and resistance to fractures can be increased in epoxy to a considerable extent once nanotubes are incorporated into its structure. Therefore, the general durability levels rise significantly with the increase in the amount of CSR and CNTs added to the solution. Cavitation and Particle-Matrix Debonding There is also evidence that the use of CSR and CNTs allows for a debonding and bridging resin particles in a manner that contributes to the enhancement of epoxy’s properties. The cavitation process creates a structure that triggers the debonding process (Lu et al. 3055). S-CSR Particles: Toughening The use of CSR and CNTs triggers an impressive enhancement of the compressing properties of epoxy. Chen et al. (4283) explain that cryogenic temperature rises as nanotubes are incorporated into the structure of epoxy. As a result, epoxy toughens. Shear Band Yielding and Plastic Void Growth Finally, one must bring up the fact that the shear band yielding of epoxy increases as CSR and CNTs are added to it. The identified phenomenon is achieved by achieving plastic void growth (Quan and Ivankovic 17). Thus, CSR and CNTs must be viewed as compounds that allow improving the quality of epoxy significantly. Conclusions The ways of enhancing epoxies have been considered. An overview of recent studies on the subject matter has shown that the introduction of CSR and CNTs to epoxies allows for increasing the strength of the adhesive, as well as enhancing some of its other properties. Particularly, the opportunities for increasing its thermal resistance, dielectric properties, and durability need to be mentioned among the crucial discoveries. The further exploration of the options that CSR and CNTs provide for creating epoxies should be viewed as a priority. Works Cited Chen, Jianmeizi, et al. “The Mechanical Properties and Toughening Mechanisms of an Epoxy Polymer Modified with Polysiloxane-Based Core-Shell Particles.” Polymer , vol. 54, no. 16, 2013, pp. 4276-4289. Gojny, Florian H. et al. “Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Epoxy-Composites: Enhanced Stiffness and Fracture Toughness at Low Nanotube Content.” Composites Science and Technology , vol. 64, no. 15, 2004, pp. 2363-2371. Quan, Dong, and Alojz Ivankovic. “Effect of Core-shell Rubber (CSR) Nano-particles on Mechanical Properties and Fracture Toughness of an Epoxy Polymer.” Polymer , vol. 66, no. 1, 2015, pp. 16-28. Quan, Dong, et al. “Carbon Nanotubes and Core–Shell Rubber Nanoparticles Modified Structural Epoxy Adhesives.” Journal of Materials Science , vol. 52, no. 8, 2017, pp 4493-4508. Zakaria, Muhammad Razlan, et al. “Comparative Study of Graphene Nanoparticle and Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites Based on Mechanical, Thermal and Dielectric Properties.” Composites Part B , vol. 119, no. 1, pp. 57-66.
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Converged media is now a fundamental facet of life for a majority of citizens. With technological improvements in electronic devices and operations such as televisions, computers, tablets, mobile phones, and the internet, the audience has been treated with a better selection of media. This article focuses on legal, economic, and behavioural impacts of converged media. Some few decades ago, it was very expensive to set up a media firm. This situation was attributed to expensive media products, technology, and software. Compared to the past, the cost of setting up a media firm has significantly dropped. Converged media has reduced the cost of media products and software (Cianci, 2009). In international media houses, several news crews are required in every medium such as radio, television, and newspapers. As a substitute of having a number of these crews, converged media operation makes use of a few individuals to come up with news for several mediums (Jaokar & Jacobs, 2009). Through this, media houses can cut back on their operation cost and increase their revenues. Equally, through converged media the consumers benefit in a number of ways. Convergence has improved the quality of information delivered to the end user. Consequently, satisfaction of the consumers has been enhanced leading to a bigger audience (Evans, 2011). With respect to the behavioural impacts, converged media has enhanced audience participation. Unlike in the past, the individuals can interact with media crews using phones or the internet (Grant & Wilkinson, 2009). This has revolutionized the way the audience feels about the media. Equally, converged media has enable users to download and share music files. Similarly, the users can share their experiences, photos, and network with others. Through this, they have become part of the media produce. Despite the celebrated success of this development, it should be noted that it has resulted in numerous challenges. Currently, audiences are presented with too much information that they rarely have enough time to access them (Girard, 2011). Equally, the technology that supports the converged media changes rapidly. This implies that people have to adopt the emerging technologies more often. Individuals who do not adopt these changes, such as the old and illiterate people, will be disadvantaged. For media regulators, convergence has resulted in numerous challenges. Media regulators have to redesign their regulatory structures to control this emerging sector (Booth, 2010). If they fail to do so, they risk being obsolete. In many countries, media regulators are yet to come up with a means of regulating converged media. In these countries, converged media has not been appropriately regulated because the sector is still at its infancy stage. For instance, in the US the sector has raised numerous heated debates (Spigel & Olsson, 2004). Controversies exist over the categorization of some telecommunication services. In the UK, the government has come up with short and long-term ways of regulating this sector. The government has adjusted the existing media permits to make certain that the media adhere to the rules outlined in the Ofcom Broadcasting Code. As illustrated above, converged media has created new opportunities and challenges in the media industry. Therefore, media regulators must move with haste to ensure that appropriate regulations are formulated to control the sector. References Adams, B. (2013). Converged media: same content, different laws? . Strasbourg: European Audiovisual Observatory. Booth, P. (2010). Digital fandom: new media studies . New York: Peter Lang. Cianci, P. J. (2009). Technology and workflows for multiple channel content distribution infrastructure implementation strategies for converged production . Amsterdam: Focal. Evans, E. (2011). Transmedia television audiences, new media, and daily life . New York: Routledge. Girard, J. P. (2011). Social knowledge using social media to know what you know . Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. Grant, A. E., & Wilkinson, J. (2009). Understanding media convergence: the state of the field . New York: Oxford University Press. Jaokar, A., & Jacobs, B. (2009). Social media marketing: how data analytics helps to monetize the user base in telecoms, social networks, media and advertising in a converged ecosystem . London: Futuretext Ltd. Spigel, L., & Olsson, J. (2004). Television after TV: essays on a medium in transition. Durham: Duke University Press.
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Aboriginal Policy Initiatives at School Report (Assessment) The success of the various initiatives taken to deal with the subject of student disengagement with schools is dependent on a number of factors. Some of the factors that work both for and against the Aboriginal Policies are as follows: 1. Encouraging the community members in the decision-making regarding Aboriginal education. Although, the community members can provide valuable inputs regarding the community, they may lack the necessary experience and expertise in administrative, educational and pedagogical issues to help in the effective decision-making process (Sara 2003, 2). 2. Employing indigenous teachers and indigenous staff in the schools. Involving indigenous teachers and teacher aides in the school proceedings is important as they have a better understanding of the children and the community at large. However, it has been seen that in most of the cases, they have little or no say in the functioning or strategic directions of the school (Sara 2003, 10). 3. Creating a positive school culture. This is important in developing the self-identity of Aboriginal children and eradicating any negative perceptions they have about themselves. However, for the Aboriginal children, there is no continuity between the culture at school and the culture they have at home or in the community. The challenge lies in deciding whether the culture of the school should be aligned with that of the community (Sara 2003, 7). 4. Selecting the appropriate medium of instruction. This gives rise to a possible dilemma. The various policies emphasize on the need of using both the Aboriginal language as well as English as mediums of instruction. In case of using an Aboriginal language as the medium of instruction, the challenge lies in finding Aboriginal teachers who have a strong command over the language (Sara 2003, 10). 5. Incorporating relevant and stimulating curriculum content. Most of the instruction materials used in Aboriginal schools are a reflection of mainstream culture and language as they come from mainstream publishers. If culturally relevant instruction materials are to be incorporated into the school curriculum, they need to be designed by relevant experts. The problem lies in the fact that the number of suitably trained Aboriginal teachers is pretty less (Sara 2003, 10). 6. Training provided to Aboriginal teachers. Firstly, most of the Aboriginal teachers may not fulfill the essential requirements for university entry. Moreover, different communities have different ways of life which may influence the manner in which training is imparted to them. The challenge lies in ensuring uniformity in the teaching standards of Aboriginal teachers (Sara 2003, 10). 7. Enabling the student access indigenous role models with the aim of developing their self-confidence. “ It is always nice to have a visit from the big-time flash role models and get the children glowing ” (Sara 2003, 9). However, the problem lies in the fact that there are very few indigenous role models to be emulated. Moreover, selection of the role models is dependent on the impact it creates on the students. The overall scenario on the issue is improving over the years and it looks that it would continue to improve. However, there must be constant monitoring of the developments and timely interventions are required when needed. Reference Sarra, C., 2003. Schools and Diversity: Education for All . Deakin West, ACT: Australian College of Educators.
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Alamo Battle and Its Texas and Mexican Heroes Essay The siege of the Alamo is a battle which represents the struggle of Texan forces against Mexican conquerors for independence. Stressing the importance of the Siege of the Alamo in the whole battle, it should be stressed that both sides fought with courage and the victory of Mexican forces in the particular event can be explained by their superior forces. The battle was lost, however, it still remains as one of the most important events in the fight for independence. The courage and reimbursement of each of the soldiers who tried to protect the Alamo Mission could not be overestimated. Speaking of the hero who can perfectly represent the events of the battle, William Barret Travis should be referred to. Much is known about the duration of the fight and occupation from the letters he sent from the Alamo Mission to John W. Smith, a Texas politician and mayor who supported the fighters during their fight for independence. The siege of the Alamo is the first fight between Mexican and Texan armies during the fight of independence. Being invited by John W. Smith to taking part in this fight William Barret Travis could not refuse the invitation, but he had serious concerns about the successful outcome of the affair referencing to the number of Mexican forces and Texan ones. The situation appeared to be worse than Travis predicted, there were between 1,800 and 5,000 of soldiers from the Mexican side, and between 189-257 soldiers from Texan side as per different sources (Gunderson 20). However, the soldiers fought for death. To understand the situation Texan soldiers appeared while the siege of the Alamo, a letter from William Barret Travis to public pronouncement should be presented here. I am besieged, by a thousand or more of the Mexicans under Santa Anna. I have sustained a continual Bombardment and cannonade for 24 hours and have not lost a man. The enemy has demanded a surrender at discretion, otherwise, the garrison are to be put to the sword, if the fort is taken. I have answered the demand with a cannon shot, and our flag still waves proudly from the walls. I shall never surrender or retreat. Then, I call on you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism & everything dear to the American character, to come to our aid, with all dispatch. The enemy is receiving reinforcements daily and will no doubt increase to three or four thousand in four or five days. If this call is neglected, I am determined to sustain myself as long as possible and die like a soldier who never forgets what is due to his own honor & that of his country. Victory or Death. P.S. The Lord is on our side. When the enemy appeared in sight we had not three bushels of corn. We have since found in deserted houses 80 or 90 bushels and got into the walls 20 or 30 head of Beeves (Hansen 32). This letter is the explanation of the situation which was inside the mission. The number of soldiers was too little and the forces of the enemy increased every day. Asking for assistance Travis understood that the situation was too complicated and the necessary forces could not come on time. However, the mood of the soldiers, their desire to make their place free from occupation and power of Mexicans made those fearless. As a result, the fight took place. Even though the siege of the Alamo was lost and Mexicans managed to fought down Texan forces on March, 6. This date is considered as the end of the siege of the Alamo, but not the end of the battle of the Alamo in general. Much attention should be paid to the rivals of Texan forces. Antonio López de Santa Anna was the Mexican political leader who headed the military forces of conquerors. The historical worthy of Santa Anna in being a villain in the drama may be explained by the strategy used by the leader while taking the mission. Santa Anna grouped his forces into four colons and on the 6 th of March they began silently approach the mission. Texan soldiers did not expect such intrusion waiting for a loud fight. Therefore, the result of the battle was predetermined and expected. Santa Anna’s actions may be explained and easily understood. There was no another way out as the victory of Mexicans, but in case of loud and predicted fight many Mexicans could be killed and injured. Texan forces did not have any intention to leave the mission without a fight. Therefore, being interested in fewer loses of its army Santa Anna acted in the way he did. In conclusion, it should be stated that William Barret Travis and Antonio López de Santa Anna are two heroes of the siege of the Alamo who deserve attention. The actions of these two people are prominent and important. Dwelling upon the event under consideration, these people were the leaders of their armies and their decisions made the history as it was. Works Cited Gunderson, Cory. The Battle of Alamo . New York: ABDO, 2010. Print. Hansen, Todd. The Alamo Reader: A Study in History . New York: Stackpole Books, 2003. Print.
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The Cliptomania Web Store Case Study The Cliptomania web store was created to cater to the demand for clip-on earrings. Various demographic populations such as women of varying age and cross-dressers demanded the product. The company was created in 1999. It experienced a steady growth in 2000 and 2001 (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2012). In 2002, the owners of the company moved their operations from New Jersey to Indiana (Brown et al., 2012). The issues that the company faced since 2002 were as follows. First, the company faced problems with the services of Paymentech that verified the credit cards. The services were too expensive for Cliptomania. The other problem with the web-based store was the online ordering process and the ineptness of some customers to use online transactions (Brown et al., 2012). The third problem that the company faced was the difference in duty of different countries they delivered their products. For instance, the Canadian import duties made their products almost 60 percent costlier than in America, while most of the foreign sales that the company had was from Canada, or United Kingdom. (Brown et al., 2012) Fifthly, adapting with different cultural differences was difficult for the company, as they failed to globalize their website by adapting it with the Japanese language. Another problem was website listing. Earlier, website was listed based on relevance, however, this norm has changed, and websites now are linked as sponsored links (Brown et al., 2012). As Cliptomania advertised through sponsored links, hence, its advertisement costs had also increased. However, relevancy rankings were still an important part of their marketing process. Further, in 2006 the company faced problems with their web service provider, Yahoo! and decided to change it. When the company changed its URL from cliptomania.com to cliptomania.net , there were no transaction issues as they operated both the websites simultaneously for some time. However, there were serious consequences with their relevancy rating. Due to change in their web address, their relevancy ranking reduced from top five to below top 100. This was a serious problem for the company. One challenge that the company faced was lack of growth of their revenue despite successful business. The reason might be that they have financed all their expansions with their revenue and the other might be the issue they have faced from search engine ratings. Cliptomania’s trademark is used by other competing websites, and Google has refused to deal with the other advertisements appearing under Cliptomania’s trademark (Brown et al., 2012). A SWOT analysis of the company would show that the strength of the company is its product offerings. Clip-on earrings are a niche offering and the company being the first operators in the area, had captured a considerable portion of the market demanding this. The sale was strong and the company had attracted customers from foreign markets too. However, the web-based marketing was an initial problem for many as people were unable to adapt to the online marketing process. The weakness of the company was in its inability to understand the changing dynamics of online business. The changes in the plans and procedures of the search engine providers as well as the website providers has adversely affected the business of the company. The opportunities that the company holds is the rise in Internet business opportunity and its increasing demand in other countries like Japan and Mexico. The threat the company faces is with safety of the financial transaction process and credit card verification process. The recommendations for the company is to concentrate on their financial transaction process – especially credit card verification process, and pricing for international customers. The other recommendation is to increase their relevance rating with search engines. One strong point of the company is its strong customer relations, which can be harnessed further as customer relation is an important aspect for success of online business (Teece, 2010). References Brown, C. V., DeHayes, D. W., Hoffer, J. A., Martin, W. E., & Perkins, W. C. (2012). Managing Information Technology (7th Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long Range Planning 43(2) , 172-194.
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Rhetoric of “The ‘Other Side’ Is Not Dumb” by Blanda Essay Sean Blanda, the author of “The ‘Other Side’ Is Not Dumb” article, says that most alternative points of view are often perceived by modern society through a critical lens. In most cases, a thought that does not coincide with the opinion of the evaluator is interpreted as wrong without trying to understand its reasonableness. Sean Blanda also highlights the online space and social media as a few of the most popular sources of information dissemination. In this regard, a critical approach is important and valuable. The author says that it is necessary to consider any point of view without bias to evaluate what a person is talking about and what idea they want to convey. Thus, someone can learn something new oneself if trying to understand other people who are not alike. In his article, Sean Blanda uses many rhetorical tools. Sean Blanda uses the technique of hyperbole for deliberate exaggeration in order to enhance expressiveness. This can be seen in phrases such as “opinions of our friends or, more broadly, America”, “fundamental rejection”, and “not right about everything” (Blanda). Nowadays, for a modern specialist in any field of activity, in order to achieve the most effective communication, the ability to create professionally significant documents and have a culture of speech are a few of the mandatory requirements. Sean Blanda efficiently uses hyperbole to attract more attention, denote globality, and increase the scale of significance. Throughout the development of mankind, the forms of organization of oral and written texts addressed to a large audience have improved. The rhetorical approach to the text allows to consider various aspects of its construction on a specific material, to identify the possible methods of speech influence, and to evaluate and choose the linguistic and speech expressiveness means. Sean Blanda uses excessive exaggeration of quantitative and qualitative properties of objects, phenomena, and processes as hyperbolization. This allows him to make the article more expressive and get the desired effect of influencing the impression and direction of the reader’s thought. Another rhetorical approach that Sean Blanda also applies within the text is the use of rhetorical questions. A few examples are “Isn’t it possible that we’re not right about everything?” and “Isn’t it possible that you, reader of Medium and Twitter power user, like me, suffer from this from time to time?” (Blanda). The author uses rhetorical approaches to increase the engagement of the reader with the text. This technique allows you to increase expressiveness and make the reader think. The author uses rhetorical questions throughout the text. The author does not answer all rhetorical questions on his own since it is expected that questions do not imply an answer since they are either obvious or philosophical. Throughout the article, the author seems to be talking with the reader and asking for personal opinions or encouraging them to reflect on the topic, and not just study the author’s point of view. Addressing the audience with a rhetorical question is an effective technique. It turns a monologue of a speaker or writer into a hidden dialogue with the audience as it activates the attention of listeners or readers. The audience is invited to participate in the conversation, in the discussion of the raised issue. Among many other techniques, the author uses anaphora. Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of each sentence or other segment of speech. An example is “Isn’t it possible that you, reader of Medium and Twitter power user, like me, suffer from this from time to time? Isn’t it possible that we’re not right about everything?” (Blanda). Anaphora as a rhetorical technique is used to evoke emotions in readers, to attract the attention of the audience, in order to convince, motivate and encourage them to consider the author’s thoughts. The author uses anaphora to add brightness to the text and to draw the reader’s attention to important theses. In the article, anaphora made it possible to place important semantic accents in the text to highlight what is important for the reader to pay attention to. Anaphora is used effectively to focus the reader’s attention on key images or expressions, to give the article “The ‘Other Side’ Is Not Dumb” more emotional components, to set a certain rhythm and to make the work more expressive and memorable. In conclusion, the study of the bases of rhetoric gives a general direction and the basic rules for creating a text. At the same time, not only the language and style of works of the past can be applied to modern speech. Today science has to reckon with the accelerated pace of life and look for new models for creating professional texts and optimal communication algorithms that achieve communicative goals in the most effective way. In the “The ‘Other Side’ Is Not Dumb” article, the author effectively uses various rhetorical techniques to grab the reader’s attention, place semantic accents, and maintain the general style and idea of the article. By the end of the article, Sean Blanda conveys to the reader the idea that it is important to be relatively critical not only of the judgments and statements of others but also of his own. Work Cited Blanda, Sean. The ‘Other Side’ Is Not Dumb. Medium, 2016. Web.
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Integumentary Disorders Diagnostics Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. History and Subjective Assessment 3. Differential Diagnoses 4. Treatment Options 5. References Introduction While considering integumentary disorders, namely, moles, it is essential to pay attention to their size, form, and any recent changes. The evaluation and diagnostics of skin disorders should also be supported by the focus on a patient’s history, occupation, and lifestyle (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook, 2017). In this case study, Mr. KB is present for the examination as he concerns about his mole that looks different from others. History and Subjective Assessment The role of history in assessing patients’ conditions plays a vital role in identifying the differential diagnoses. According to Chang et al. (2014), those who have a family history of skin cancer should be examined at least once a year. Mr. KB reports continuous sunlight exposure and melanoma in his aunt, who was diagnosed at 45. The physical assessment reveals that the identified mole is asymmetrical, prone to color variegation, and tends to have lopsided borders. More to the point, the patient states that he lives in Hawaii, while, previously, he was a construction worker. It is evident that his skin was excessively exposed to the sun. As for the required objective data, Trotter, Sroa, Winkelmann, Olencki, and Bechtel (2013) pinpoint that the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) suggests that blood testing, dermatologic surveillance, pathomorphological study, and biopsy are useful to diagnose such patients. Differential Diagnoses 1. Malignant melanoma (in situ). This diagnosis is selected as the primary since all the symptoms reported by the patient, as well as physical examination results, coincide with melanoma signs. In particular, the size of 0.2 cm, irregular borders, different colors, verrucous surface, and asymmetry show that this diagnosis is most likely for the given patient. The risk increases with the number of such moles under insolation (Zalaudek et al., 2014). Melanoma has a greater uneven color and may have areas that are red, blue, whitish, or depigmented with the appearance of a scar (Chang et al., 2014). 2. Atypical nevi. This disease is characterized by a large size of moles and irregular pigmentation, yet it is not benign (Zalaudek et al., 2014). Nevertheless, such nevi present an increased risk of melanoma development. 3. Seborrheic keratoses. It is a category of various non-inflammatory skin diseases characterized by a common symptom such as a violation in the formation of the stratum corneum (Dourmishev, Rusinova, & Botev, 2013). In other words, keratosis causes excessive thickening of the stratum corneum and a delay in normal exfoliation. 4. I have pigmented basal cell carcinoma. It has a pearly appearance and telangiectatic blood vessels (Dourmishev et al., 2013). Treatment Options The choice of treatment method of melanoma depends on the stage of the disease. In situ, treatment is limited to surgical removal of the tumor (Zalaudek et al., 2014). When melanoma spreads on the skin or near the nevus and lymph nodes, adjuvant treatment is also used – after the operation, radiation therapy or biological treatment is performed. Trotter et al. (2013) emphasize that the risk of recurrence of the disease persists for a lifetime; therefore, it is required to visit an oncologist on a regular basis for carrying out control studies. Chang et al. (2014) claim that patients with changing moles should receive basic education on how to recognize melanoma symptoms and determine associated health changes. In order to ensure optimal treatment and recovery, the patient should be referred to an oncologist, who is expected to work in cooperation with nurses and therapists. In addition, it is advantageous to involve the patient’s family members in the long-term treatment and individualized care plan design. References Buttaro, T. M., Trybulski, J., Polgar Bailey, P., & Sandberg-Cook, J. (2017). Primary care: A collaborative practice (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Chang, C., Murzaku, E. C., Penn, L., Abbasi, N. R., Davis, P. D., Berwick, M., & Polsky, D. (2014). More skin, more sun, more tan, more melanoma. American Journal of Public Health , 104 (11), 92-99. Dourmishev, L. A., Rusinova, D., & Botev, I. (2013). Clinical variants, stages, and management of basal cell carcinoma. Indian Dermatology Online Journal , 4 (1), 12-17. Trotter, S. C., Sroa, N., Winkelmann, R. R., Olencki, T., & Bechtel, M. (2013). A global review of melanoma follow-up guidelines. The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology , 6 (9), 18-26. Zalaudek, I., Cota, C., Ferrara, G., Moscarella, E., Guitera, P., Longo, C.,… Argenziano, G. (2014). Flat pigmented macules on sun-damaged skin of the head/neck: Junctional nevus, atypical lentiginous nevus, or melanoma in situ? Clinics in Dermatology , 32 (1), 88-93.
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Summary of “Children Need to Play, Not Compete” Report (Assessment) In “Children Need to Play, Not Compete,” Jessica Statsky argues that organized sports are not suitable for children between the ages of six and twelve and should, therefore, be replaced by sports that emphasize on fitness, cooperation, and sportsmanship. Statsky claims that highly organized sports such as Peewee Football and Little League Baseball are played according to adult standards with undesirable effects on the development of children. She goes on to state that the physical action that is necessitated by overly competitive sports exposes children to danger through injury. The danger to children is not only limited to physical injury as Statsky asserts that “competitive sports pose psychological dangers to children.” The author claims that the games are counterproductive to children and they only serve to provide occasions for parents and coaches to fulfill their fantasies and needs. She reveals that the obsession with winning leads to adults degrading the quality of the playing experience for children. Statsky provides examples of incidents where brawls have broken out between adults as a result of completion. Statsky concludes by proposing that local programs which emphasize sportsmanship, cooperation and fitness should replace the overly competitive programs currently in place. (197 Words). Response to Children Need to Play I strongly agree with Jessica Statsky’s article “Children Need to Play, Not Compete.” As a person who underwent a childhood in which I was exposed to competitive sports, I agree with Statsky’s proposal that the high competition in children sports should be done away. I agree with the author’s observation that the competitive nature of the games takes the fun element out. From my childhood experiences, sports were always more fun when they were undertaken in a spirit of cooperation and friendliness. When winning became the dominant factor, everything changed, and the game could no longer be played in a fun atmosphere. In my opinion, a significant strength that the author demonstrates through her article is that she uses words that are vivid in her descriptions. For example, her portrayal of the scene where the player in the Peewee Football game takes himself out of the game by faking a stomach ache is very moving. By such vivid descriptions, the reader can paint a mental image of the negative effect that excessive competition can have. Statsky’s treatment of the subject is balanced, and the arguments expressed by the author are not restricted to the side she supports but also the opposition. Statsky does not shy away from presenting the opinion of the proponents of competitive sports for children. She frequently references the Little League Online which is a website that advocates for competitive sports among children. The author especially gives ethical considerations to the other points of view. After stating that children run the risk of physical injury as a result of competitive games, she quotes the proponents of competitive sports activities who document that the injury risks are infrequent. By doing this, Statsky gives us a balanced view on the issue as opposed to only giving space to her point of view. This increases the credibility of the essay to me since the author is not trying to use the ignorance of the reader on the matter to force her point home. The author also makes use of statistics to reinforce her claims, therefore, making them more credible. For example, she asserts that according to a study, “90% of children would rather play regularly for a losing team rather than warm the bench for a winning team”. Even more importantly, the author includes references as to which studies she is referring to, therefore, increasing the validity of the results since one can confirm her reporting should they wish to. For all the strengths of the article, I find Statsky guilty of using many generalizations which may not necessarily be true for the majority of the population. She states that in instances where children are not injured, “fear of being hurt detracts from their enjoyment of the sport.” while this may be the case for some or even a majority of the children, it is highly unlikely that it is the case for all the children involved in competitive sports. Statsky’s presents a strong argument, and her case is made especially compelling by the author’s use of authoritative sources to back up her argument. Through this, it is clear that children risk not only physical but also psychological damages as a result of overly competitive programs. I agree with her assertion that this situation should be reversed and less competitive sports programs devised for children to ensure that children have a fun and constructive childhood. Works Cited Statsky, Jessica. Children Need to Play, Not Compete. Bedford Books. Print.
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Discourse, Information Disclosure and Argumentation Essay Disclosure is a method used in communication, both written and oral. Oxford Living Dictionary defines disclosure as an act of making secret information known to the public (“Disclosure,” n.d.). Thus, disclosure can be used in a variety of fields to communicate particular information to people. There are specific ways to frame this communication, as there are two types of disclosure – exposition, and description. While similar, as both are used to tell information to people, they have specific differences. Exposition is a more logical, concise way of communicating an idea. It is more structured and is designed to briefly demonstrate the main points. The description is more focused on painting a picture of the settings in a story. It is a more general way of communicating information to people that can be used to give as much information as possible. Thus, exposition can certainly be more useful in business communication. Argumentation is an essential factor in the disclosure of information as it allows presenting facts in a structured manner (Fina & Georgakopoulou, 2015). The two types of an argument are deduction and induction. The first approach focuses on identifying the general idea and distinguishing its components. Induction utilizes an opposite approach by taking parts of a scheme to form the general thought. Therefore, the two methods differ but can be useful in various situations as they offer different approaches to argumentation. Additionally, both can be used at the same time in one research for better reasoning. The inductive approach is more focused on the exploration of the ideas. Halpern (2014) states it is possible to learn how to create proper arguments and structure ideas in a comprehensive way and utilize them in further professional life through education. References Disclosure . (n.d.). Web. Fina, A. D., & Georgakopoulou, A. (2015). The handbook of narrative analysis. West Sussex, England: Willey Blackwell. Halpern, D. (2014). Thought and knowledge: An introduction to critical thinking (5th ed.). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
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Paraphrasing and Quoting Special Education Articles Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Paraphrasing 2. Direct Quoting 3. Block Quoting 4. References Paraphrasing Shumlin (2013) presented a set of educational rules designed to suit people with special needs. He argues that the rights of these learners from the education sector as well as other operations must be protected by all means possible. The emphasis has been laid on the eligible Vermont student who must receive the proper education. Moreover, the rules indicate that the special-education system should and must incorporate these learners in a timely manner at the age of three years. The Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) is the program initiated to serve these roles, which are implemented by the Individual with Disabilities Act until a learner reaches the age of twenty-one years. The rules are distributed in a diverse manner where aspects such as private schools, technology, physical practices, professional qualifications of the educators, and insurance services, among others, have been addressed. The article shows apparently that the care that the children below the age of 3 should receive. It argues that primary development that influences future life is at this tender age and must be considered properly to avoid advancements of the needs. Direct Quoting Inclusion aims at incorporating students with disabilities in the general education curriculum, where they interact with regular students. In this regard, he stated that “inclusion is when students with disabilities receive their entire academic curriculum in the general-education program” (Idol, 2006, p.78). The author conducts research in eight schools seeking to determine the extent to which inclusion has been integrated into those schools. In this light, he stated that“the primary intent of this program evaluation was to determine how much, if any, the inclusion of students with disabilities in general education class was occurring in these eight schools” (Idol, 2006, p. 77). After data analysis, it was noted that the degree of inclusion varied substantially. He stated that “the number and types of students with disabilities in each school varied considerably” (Idol, 2006, p. 80). Further, it was noted the extent to which each school practiced inclusion was essentially related to the school development in regard to inclusion. When elaborating this sentiment, the author established that “across the four elementary schools, the number of students with disabilities seemed to be related to how far along each school was with inclusion” (Idol, 2006, 80). Block Quoting Various researchers have performed studies regarding diversity in special education, bearing in mind that the differences envisaged by learners are pertinent to successful education. When conducting research on this diversity, Frederickson & Cline (2002, p. 5) stated that “as a society becomes more heterogeneous, the terms that are used to describe its diversity become themselves a focus of debate and dissent. This applies equally to concepts associated with visible markers of diversity such as race or ethnicity, and to concepts associated with changing views on diversity such as handicap and disability” (Frederickson & Cline, 2002, p. 5). This implies that the terms used to describe diversity must be defined conventionally to avoid confusion, misinterpretation, and interchange. As a result, when the term is used, it must result in the same implication to all people. The authors proceed to define these terms that include race, culture, and ethnicity. Having defined these aspects of diversity, they can be considered easily when handling students with disabilities. References Frederickson, N., & Cline, T. (2002). Open University Press Buckingham. Philadelphia Special educational needs inclusion and diversity. S pecial Education , 5 , 1-32. Idol, L. (2006). Toward Inclusion of Special Education Students In General Education: A Program Evaluation of Eight Schools. Remedial and Special Education , 27 (2), 77-94. Shumlin, P. (2013). Special Education Rules. Vermont Agency of Education , 3 , 1-225.
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In particular, much attention is usually paid to its effect on the level of crime in the community. Nevertheless, there are other important aspects that should not be overlooked. For instance, one can speak about the responsiveness of police officers. It is possible to argue that the evaluation of the policies implemented by law-enforcement officers cannot be based only on quantitative dimensions because they do not fully reflect the work of these organizations. These are the main issues that should be discussed more closely. Overall, the use of multiple criteria is partly based on the premise that police officers should be empowered by the administrators of law-enforcement agencies (Nowicki, 1997, p. 364). The main problem is that they are often deprived of this opportunity because of the criticism that police often encounters. Yet, it is critical for law-enforcement professionals to take independent initiatives. This premise should be considered while developing a police program. Apart from that, one should focus on the experiences of people who live in a particular community. The opinions of these individuals can also be used to assess the efficiency of police officers. At first, it is critical to consider such a factor as the responsiveness of the police officers. These people should be able to help people resolve conflicts between the residents of the community. They are not necessarily related to crime (Wadman, 2009). Nevertheless, people often expect police officers to play the role of mediators. This is one of the points that should be taken into account. More importantly, one cannot suppose that the level of crime is the only standard according to which a program can be assessed. Additionally, law-enforcement agencies should gain insights the common problems faced by the community. In this way, they can better understand the causes of conflicts of crime in the community. Therefore, this approach is based on the premise that police-officers should understand and minimize the factors that contribute to various crimes such youth violence (Braga, Kennedy, Waring, & Piehl, 2001). This is one of the goals that police should achieve. In turn, it is critical to improve the communication between law-enforcement agencies and the public (Eck & Spelman, 1987, p. 43). For instance, foot patrols do not necessarily reduce the level of crime (Eck & Spelman, 1987, p. 43). Nevertheless, the use of this approach is important for gaining the trust of community. Moreover, this strategy is important for increasing the perceived sense of security (Wadman, 2009, p. 88). For instance, in many cases, police officers need to make sure that people are not afraid of leaving their houses after dark. This strategy is not directly related to the level of crime in the community. Yet, it is important for the sustainable development of any neighborhood. On the whole, these examples indicate that police effectiveness cannot be measured only with the help of quantitative measurements such as the number of crimes in the community. Provided that I had managed a police department, I would focus on the ability of officers to resolve conflicts between the residents of the community. This aspect is important because in many cases, crime is the result of the unsettled conflicts between citizens (Davids, 2008). This is one of the details that should be singled out. Secondly, the ability of a program to enlist the support of the community is another criterion that should be considered. This element is critical for the long-term efficiency of the law-enforcement agencies. It should be kept in mind that in many cases, various crimes can be effectively prevented and investigated, if police departments can interact with the members of the community (Reed, 2013, p. 28). This is why this outcome should not be disregarded by legislators and policy-makers who decide whether a program should be continued or not. They need to bear in mind that the opinions of people cannot be dismissed. Therefore, a program should not be cancelled only because it does not immediately reduce the number of crimes in the community. Police administrators should pay attention to other outcomes such as those ones which were discussed in this paper. Nevertheless, under such circumstances, police administrators should also consider the costs of a program. If the implementation does not divert resources from other important activities such as the investigation of crimes, the program should be continued. These are the factors that should not be disregarded by the decision-makers since they need to understand what initiatives are most beneficial. Overall, this discussion suggests that police effectiveness cannot be evaluated only according to a single standard such as the level of crime in the community. It is not sufficient for the objective evaluation. In turn, law-enforcement agencies should pay attention to such factors as the perceived safety of the community or their ability to establish relations with the community. This approach is more productive, and it can improve the work of many police departments. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. Reference List Braga, A., Kennedy, D., Waring, E., & Piehl, A. Problem-Oriented Policing, Deterrence, and Youth Violence: An Evaluation of Boston’s Operation Ceasefire. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , 39 (3), 195-225. Davids, C. (2008). Conflict of Interest in Policing: Problems, Practices, and Principles . New York, NY: Institute of Criminology. Eck, J., & Spelman, W. (1987). Who Ya Gonna Call? The Police as Problem-Busters. Crime & Delinquency , 33 (1), 31-52. Nowicki, D. (1997). Mixed Messages . New York, NY: Gary Hayes Lunchen. Reed, W. (2013). The Politics of Community Policing: The Case of Seattle . New York, NY: Routledge. Wadman, R. (2009). Police Theory in America: Old Traditions and New Opportunities . New York, NY: Charles C Thomas Publisher.
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Mark Zuckerberg as a Notorious Change Agent Essay The name of Mark Zuckerberg is known all over the world. This young and ambitious man is a true innovator and historical agent who initiated the era of social networks with the help of which people from different countries and continents can stay in touch. This profile story is the summary of an interview with Mark. It will present some biographical facts, Mark’s education and background, and the analysis of the innovation he has diffused. Mark Zuckerberg was born in 1984. He grew up in Dobbs Ferry, the suburbs of New York. Mark’s father is a dentist, and his mother is a psychiatrist. He has got three sisters: Donna, Randi, and Arielle (“Mark Zuckerberg Biography”). Mark’s interest in programming started as early as in elementary school. At the age of ten, the boy realized that there was a division into programmers and users, and he decided he wanted to be on the first team (“Mark Zuckerberg Biography”). At this age, Mark got his first PC, Quantex 486DX that was operated on the Intel 486. Having been taught Atari BASIC Programming by his father at the age of twelve, Mark created a messenger that enabled his family members to exchange messages in the house and with his father’s dentistry. During his school years, Mark developed communication tools and games, and he even wrote an artificially intelligent media player (“Mark Zuckerberg Biography”). The boy rejected many offers from IT corporations who wanted to have him on their teams. Zuckerberg received education at the Academy of Phillips Exeter, upon graduating which he entered Harvard University. While studying there, Mark wrote CourseMatch ─ a program that helped students to pick subjects based on other user’s course lists. Also at the university, Zuckerberg got acquainted with Divya Narendra who had an idea of creating a social network for Harvard students. Mark’s task was to create a code and programming for the website. While working on this project, Mark decided he could create something bigger than that: he wanted to initiate a social website for users beyond Harvard walls. Thus, in 2004, Zuckerberg registered the domain name TheFacebook.com, which was later transformed into Facebook.com (“Mark Zuckerberg Biography”). Initially, it operated only in Harvard. However, along with his partner, Eduardo Saverin, Mark increased the network to other universities. Later, the restriction by education sector was canceled, and another breakthrough occurred. Users got highly interested in the new service, and their number proliferated. The revolution Zuckerberg created was in the possibility for people to communicate not only in real life but also online. Further, the platform gave users an opportunity to make friends all over the world. Zuckerberg is justly considered as a change agent because he altered the way in which people communicate by enabling them to share messages, photos, and other data quickly and irrespective of their place of living. Of course, there was much critique of Facebook. Narendra and his partners, who hired Zuckerberg to help them in 2002, claimed that he had stolen their idea. However, Mark refuted their assaults, and even several lawsuits did not help Narendra and the Winklevoss twins to prove that Facebook was not Zuckerberg’s invention. Currently, the social network launched by Zuckerberg is the most popular in the world. Mark is constantly working on acquiring new companies that help him promote his strategies. Instagram, WhatsApp, and Oculus Rift are among the most valuable acquisitions (“Mark Zuckerberg Biography”). In 2010, Facebook’s founder was named the person of the year by TIME magazine. In the same year, Forbes announced Zuckerberg as the youngest billionaire. Mark Zuckerberg is married with two children. Together with his wife, Priscilla Chan, they pledged to give away 99% of their Facebook shares to charity. Zuckerberg is a true change agent whose relentless efforts have allowed making the world a place where people can communicate easily. Moreover, he is constantly working on making the world a better place to live in through promoting development and equality. Work Cited “ Mark Zuckerberg Biography: Success Story of Facebook Founder and CEO. ” Astrum People , 2018. Web.
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Several principles of the previously dominant Romanesque were violated in the Gothic style at the time of its conception in the 12 th century (“Gothic Art”). These include thick walls, round, often “a full semi-circle” arches, and small windows, rounded at the top as well (“Gothic” 0:58). Romanesque buildings gave the impression of stability and authority, with minimal ornamentation in the form of the same kind of semi-circular arches – and oftentimes, supported by a colonnade of piers (“Romanesque Architecture”). Arches, being a similarity between the two styles, however, present themselves in a strikingly different appearance. Contrary to the Romanesque arches typically being round, only sometimes being “slightly distorted”, the Gothic style introduced pointing arches – lancet arches — with a closer resemblance to a triangular form (“Gothic Art”). Now, pointed arches are considered the most characteristic aspects of Gothic architecture, present in every regional variation. The presence of an arch, and, subsequently, the arcade – a set of arches – is a persistent aspect of both cathedral styles; however, the reason Gothic was so revolutionary in its time deals with the inclusion of natural light. The windows of a Gothic cathedral are enormous, mesmerizing, and let in a generous amount of sunlight – unlike the Roman style. The Romanesque cathedrals, namely the ones like Speyer Cathedral or Abbey Church of St. James in Hungary, are all closed-off structures with a defensive quality about them (“Romanesque Architecture”). Their narrow and small windows let only a limited amount of light, producing a feeling of exclusion from the rest of the world; the idea that was intensified by the thick walls of the cathedral. These were “robust structures, with small paired windows and groin vaults” (“Romanesque Architecture”). Unlike Gothic cathedrals, Romanesque buildings showed greater simplicity and visual stability in structure, with a closed-off, protected interior. The creations of the newly invented style, Gothic, still excite the minds of its admirers today – it is barely possible to imagine the impression it had on a 12th-century person. The structure feels high and airy, with large windows that allow the interplay of natural light with the interior vaults. The greatest example would also be the most famous one – a true masterpiece of Gothic – the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. It is said that “it helped change architecture forever, ushering in the Gothic style” (“The History of France’s Notre Dame Cathedral” 0:46). Remarkable architectural features, made the Gothic structure possible are the “ribs” – supporting structures of both Gothic and Romanesque vaults; and “flying buttresses” – supporting structures on the outside of the cathedral walls, that bore the majority of the structure’s weight. According to CBS News, “the only thing that could weaken the structure was water”, which was, in the example of Notre Dame, brilliantly solved via the installation of creative drain pipes (“The History of France’s Notre Dame Cathedral” 2011). The cathedral remains the most famous and notable example of Gothic architecture known to the public. It is easy to disregard the effect Notre Dame de Paris produced and the enormous amount of effort that was put into its construction of it. Apparently, the original construction from the year 1183 took 200 years to complete – ending in 1345 (“The History of France’s Notre Dame Cathedral”). During the course of its long life, the building has seen many devastations and was partially destroyed on multiple occasions. The famous “rose windows” made out of intricate stained glass, which is characteristic of a Gothic style as well, were removed “in the fear of Nazi vandalism” (“The History of France’s Notre Dame Cathedral” 1:14). Thus, the look of the Gothic style had different connotations throughout the ages – from being highly innovative to lacking modernity to being immensely appreciated again. Generally, the majority of stylistic features that mark the differences between Gothic and Romanesque styles pertain to the visual impression the cathedrals give. Roman architecture is notable for its structural and visual stability, with its thick walls and squat façade; as well as “round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers” (“Romanesque architecture”). It descends from an architectural tradition of the Roman empire, which is noticeable through the visual clues of characteristically Greco-Roman columns and piers. Romanesque buildings have minimal decorations, often abstract-themed. Romanesque buildings are often very symmetrical, which “results in a simpler appearance, than the Gothic ones that would follow” (“Gothic art”). Gothic architecture, contrastingly, employed dense and intricate decorates inside the cathedrals as well as on the exterior; the walls were significantly thinner, which was possible with the addition of supportive structures like flying buttresses. Gothic architecture can be characterized by large stained-glass windows, a feature unimaginable in Romanesque style. Although it retained some features, like arches and ribbed vaults from Roman architecture, the appearance of the Gothic style differs drastically, being vertical-oriented, emphasizing the grandeur of impressively high cathedrals – giving the visitors a sense of entering heavenly realms. Works Cited “Introduction to Gothic Art”. LumenLearning – Boundless Art History, Web. “Notre Dame Cathedral: A Brief History”, YouTube uploaded by Global News, 2019, Web. “Romanesque architecture”. LumenLearning – Boundless Art History, Web. “Romanesque vs Gothic Architecture”, YouTube, uploaded by Russell Tarr, Web. “ The History of France’s Notre Dame Cathedral”, YouTube , uploaded by CBS News, 2014, Web.
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Forms of Political Participation in the United States Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Forms and their Differences 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Political participation has been an essential part of life in the United States for hundreds of years. In the last 15 years, the Internet gained in popularity and brought upon a new age of political participation. Although traditional ways of participation still exist, the impact of internet participation cannot be understated. Forms and their Differences Political participation is a broad term, but it can be defined as different forms of expression of political opinions by the citizens of a country. It could be represented in a wide variety of ways: voting, contacting public officials, protesting, doing political party work, organizing or participating in charity events, setting up signs on the front lawn during elections, being a part of an interest group, promoting political ideas on social media, blogging, signing petitions, as well as many other forms. One of the more traditional and almost ubiquitous forms of political participation is yard signs. They are usually represented by a simple wooden sign with the name of the candidate, their slogan, and perhaps a promotional picture. Before the advent of the internet, they were one of the main ways of expressing your political opinion without leaving your house. While the modern perception of such signs is that they are bought by political parties to use as advertisements, it is not quite the case. A study suggests that they are still created by individuals and social networks of people (Makse and Sokhey 22). Some of the other traditional ways of participation have not changed much either. Although new technologies of voting are proposed, it still relies on paper and human counting. Jury duty is still performed in the same way it was before the invention of the internet. Protests and marches are also a common occurrence. On the other hand, is online political participation. The Internet provides a way to instantly communicate with people over vast distances. Therefore, it is slowly becoming the main way to express and promote political opinions. The Internet has proven to be a successful fundraising system for campaign donations, a more convenient way of contacting public officials (Vissers and Stolle 938), and a source of political digital media (Dimitrova et al. 95). One of the differences between online and offline participation lies in the removal of the gender divide in participants. There is virtually no distinction in the likeliness of participation of both sexes in online political activities (Oser et al. 99). Another lies in the interactivity of these actions. You can connect with the politician online in a much more immediate and direct way (Dimitrova et al. 97). A lot of politicians are publicly available online through such networks as Facebook and Twitter. Many of them are ready to answer questions addressed to them directly, as well as use it to promote their political ideas. Unfortunately, the internet has not proven to be a great force in providing political information. Studies show that people often receive only a fraction of available political knowledge online but still tend to involve themselves actively in political participation (Dimitrova et al. 100). Conclusion Political participation in the modern age is as popular as ever. Both traditional and new ways of interaction with politics can be seen on a daily basis, but digital interaction is gaining more popularity with each year. While it is still flawed, it could be seen as a necessary measure in today’s world of instant and continuous information. Works Cited Dimitrova, Daniela V. et al. “The Effects of Digital Media on Political Knowledge and Participation in Election Campaigns”. Communication Research , vol 41, no. 1, 2014, pp. 95-118. Web. Makse, Todd and Anand E. Sokhey. “The Displaying of Yard Signs as a Form of Political Participation”. Political Behavior , vol 36, no. 1, 2013, pp. 189-213. Springer Nature , Web. Oser, Jennifer et al. “Is Online Participation Distinct From Offline Participation? A Latent Class Analysis of Participation Types and Their Stratification”. Political Research Quarterly , vol 66, no. 1, 2013, pp. 91-101. Web. Vissers, Sara and Dietlind Stolle. “The Internet and New Modes of Political Participation: Online Versus Offline Participation”. Information, Communication & Society , vol 17, no. 8, 2013, pp. 937-955. Web.
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Advertising Appeals in Johnnie Walker Commercial Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction and description 2. Appeal 1 3. Appeal 2 4. Appeal 3 5. Works Cited Introduction and description In this essay, I am going to illustrate how three advertising appeals feature in a popular TV commercial. For this purpose, I have selected the Walk with Giants spot for alcohol brand Johnnie Walker, which features 27-time world record holder Ethiopian Haile Gebrselassie (Gabriel 1). The advertisement shows Gebrsellassie running through a poverty-stricken area in Ethiopia. There are people carrying heavy animal feed, a man using a hammer to fix a damaged fence, and women busy trying to make a sell in the market. It is done in grayscale, to show the intensity. Gebrselassie’s voice comes in to offer a description of how he rose from the poverty of Ethiopia to a world-acclaimed sportsman (Gabriel 1). This is as he runs through a rocky mountain to emerge in a city, where he slows down into a jog, then a walk. During the length of the advertisement, video clips from his athletics exploits are brought in, by placing them in a bar setting where individuals are seated enjoying a drink (presumable Johnnie Walker) while cheering him on. Below is the voice-over that runs along with the video. “I grew up here. Every day was a struggle against hardship. As a boy I had to run 20 kilometers to school and back. And that is where I learnt to find that one big push; deep inside. One push is for my mother and my father and my family’s hopes. One push to break from the poverty and the challenges of the past. One push for those who said I couldn’t do it and one push for the dreams of Africa. There is one push waiting inside you. Just keep going, keep walking,” (Gabriel 1). Appeal 1 The advertisement appeals to the need to dominate (Biagi 206). This is fundamentally shown by Gebresellassie’s narration, which indicates that through his challenges he emerged to be a respected and world-renowned person. Success in sport is only achieved by one rising above competitors in order to be deemed successful. In this advertisement we see Gebrsellassie outdo competition on the track to receive acclaim from the entire world. The advertisement aims at showing Johnnie Walker as an alcoholic brand that enables one to attain success in life. The runner capitalized on the lack of a better way to travel to and from school to make a successful career in athletics. The advertisement also carries the subtle message that for one to dominate in any field, he must put in a lot of hard work. The advertiser hopes that individuals who watch the advertisement will be inspired to start small on their way to greatness and in the process maintain loyalty with Johnnie Walker for opening their eyes. Appeal 2 The advertisement described above also appeals to the need for prominence. This is fundamentally the desire to be respected and admired as well as be accorded a higher social status (Biagi 206). From the spot, the Ethiopians crowded in front of a small television set regard Gebrsellassie as their liberator from poverty. They are tense as the race proceeds, hopeful that their man will win the race, which ultimately they believe will be a win for them. Most people have the desire to have others regard them in high esteem by appearing better than them. While watching the advertisement, the average person would like to picture themselves in Gebrsellassie’s shoes. They would like to be the ones other people are counting on. At the end of the race, the runner is given an ovation by the people at the stadium and many others watching on television. The makers of the advertisement almost want to show that consuming Johnnie Walker gives one the same prominence as winning a marathon. Appeal 3 The other appeal that the Johnnie Walker advertisement looks at is the need to escape (Biagi 206). Through the sequence of events and the narration, Gebrselassie creates the impression that running helped him overcome the poverty he was experiencing in his childhood. In the advertisement, he runs through a rural setting, crossing a hilly terrain and emerging in an urban area, where he slows down and starts walking. It seems like his desire was to run away from the misery of rural life and once he meets his objectives, he settles down to enjoy the fruits of his labor. It is true that hard work pays and the people who know Gebrsellassie’s story know that he emerged from the realms of poverty to a millionaire, with plenty of investments in his home country of Ethiopia. The advertiser would like people to think that by consuming the drink they can overcome all their problems in the same way that Gebrselassie flew away from poverty. But as part of the hidden message in the advertisement, the company would like people to know that for you to afford to consume the drink you must first go through turmoil. Johnnie Walker is among the high-end alcoholic drinks and it is only the people who are financially strong that can purchase it. Works Cited Biagi, Shirley. Media impact: An introduction to mass media . Wadsworth: Cengage Learning, 2006. Print. Gabriel, Ian. “Johnnie Walker – Haile Gebrselassie.” Online video clip. YouTube . YouTube, 2011. Web.
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The Echinacea Purpurea Plant for Medicinal Purpose Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Summary 2. Description 3. Origin 4. Scientific Classification 5. Distribution 6. Medicinal Purpose 7. Side Effects 8. Economic Importance 9. References Summary Echinacea purpurea is a flowering plant mainly found in the native area of eastern North America. The plant produces cone-shaped flowers that are purple in color (Taylor, Weber & Standish, 2010). Description The plant grows to a mature height of about one and a half meters and half a meter in width. Its blooming period begins towards the end of June and early and early July. Its flowers contain both the male and female reproductive organs, which are mainly pollinated by bees and butterflies. E. purpurea grows well in open woods, cultivated beds and barrens (Blumenthal, Goldberg & Brinckman, 2010). Common Names —echinacea, purple coneflower, coneflower, American coneflower (Taylor, Weber & Standish, 2010). Origin Echinacea purpurea is known to originate from the Northern side of America. It was first discovered by the natives on the Eastern side of North America. The plant was found to grow in areas of low density and can survive in tough weather conditions both in dry and wet areas. Other species are found in Tennessee with the rare species found in Eastern Kansas and Oklahoma. Scientific Classification * Kingdom: Plantae * Order: Asterales * Family: Asteraceae * Tribe: Heliantheae * Genus: Echinacea * Species: E.purpurea * Binomial name: Echinacea purpurea (O’Neil, Hughes & Lourie, 2009) Distribution Echinacea purpurea is currently grown in the Eastern part of Northern America and is widely distributed along with the Midwest, southeastern parts of the United States of America (Turner, Bauer, Woelkart, 2009). In Florida, Echinacea purpurea is known as the purple coneflower (O’Neil, Hughes & Lourie, 2008). Medicinal Purpose The plant is known to have medicinal properties, which include stimulating one’s immune system and helping to prevent the human body from being attacked by infections (Shah, Sander & White, 2009). Natives that lived in North America used the plant to treat colds. In limited times they used to treat skin conditions like acne and boils (Turner, Bauer, Woelkart, 2009). Native Indians used the preparations from this plant to cure and heal various types of wounds like burns, bruises, cuts and bites. Others said it is a “cure-all” product even for cancer (Barrett, Brown & Locken, 2007). In the olden times, Germans took a higher activity in research and were one of the first people to obtain the main constituents of the plant (Turner, Bauer & Woelkart, 2009). They found out that the plant contained flavonoids, phenols, polysaccharides and alkyl amides, vitamins, copper and oil. This combination of ingredients further showed that preparations from it can be used in stimulating the immune system, suppressing the activity of viruses and also as an antibiotic (Fugh, 2008). Furthermore, studies done indicate that if preparations from Echinacea purpurea are added to anti-hemorrhoids medications, the product can be used to prevent skin damage from the sun (Shah, Sander & White, 2009). However, it is good to note that use of preparations from Echinacea purpurea should be used as prescribed by the doctor or a certified pharmacist (O’Neil, Hughes & Lourie, 2008). Side Effects The plant Echinacea purpurea , when used for medication may tend to produce other effects that counter its benefit, such effects include anaphylaxis, rashes, increased asthma and gastrointestinal disturbances (Blumenthal, Goldberg & Brinckman, 2010). It was also noted that people who are allergic to plants sharing the same family as daisy tend to have allergies to this plant. In other studies, it has been realized that some people experience dizziness, headache, drowsiness, sore throat, muscle aches and stomach upsets (Barrett, Brown & Locken, 2007). However, immune-compromised individuals have been advised not to use preparations from this plant as it is known to increase the development of other ailments like tuberculosis, cancer and multiple sclerosis (Blumenthal, Goldberg & Brinckman, 2010). Economic Importance 1. Echinacea purpurea is mainly used for medicinal purposes but it also has its other benefits. 2. Currently the plant is used in hoses for decorations as it produces bright purple flowers. 3. Indians used the twigs of the flower to make brooms. 4. After the Germans discovered the medicinal properties of the plant, individuals began commercializing the plant. It then became an item of trade. 5. In European countries, Echinacea purpurea is used as an antidepressant on animals such as rats. 6. Brauneria purpurea is a related species to Echinacea purpurea whose seeds are used to attract butterflies. References Barrett, P., Brown, R. & Locken, K. (2007). Treatment of the common cold with unrefined echinacea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine , 137(12):939–946. Blumenthal, M., Goldberg, A. & Brinckman, J. (2010). Herbal Medicine : Journal of medicinal herbs, 6(6): 88–102. Fugh, B.A. (2008). Echinacea for the prevention and treatment of upper respiratory infections: Journal in Integrative Medicine , 1(2):106–111. O’Neil, J., Hughes, S. & Lourie, A. (2008). Effects of echinacea on the frequency of upper respiratory tract symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial: Journal of Immunology , 100(4):384–388. Shah, W., Sander, S. & White, B. (2009). Evaluation of echinacea for the prevention and treatment of the common cold: a meta-analysis: Journal of Lancet Infectious Diseases , 7(7):473–480. Taylor, J., Weber, W. & Standish, K.(2010). Vascular plants: Journal of the American Medical Association , 290(21):2824–2830. Turner, B., Bauer, R. & Woelkart, H. (2009). An evaluation of Echinacea Angustifolia in experimental rhinovirus infections: New England Journal of Medicine , 353(4):341–348.
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Amazon.com’s Sustainability Investment Plan Proposal Essay Table of Contents 1. Background of the Problem 2. Contribution to the Mission of the Company 3. Benefits for the Value Chain 4. Impact on the Company’s Sustainability 5. Evaluation and Anticipation of Investment Risks 6. Reference Background of the Problem The investment process is an integral aspect of a company development that allows improving performance and providing sustainability. Every organization has specific investment priorities determined by its vision, mission, and strategic plan. Frequently, such spheres as technology and product improvement are in the focus of investment projects. At the same time, investment in human resources is underestimated. Still, researchers agree that human capital is a significant factor in the sustainability of an organization and needs additional funding (Ehnert, Harry, & Zink, 2014). Thus, this memo concentrates on the evaluation of opportunities provided by investing in human resources and its impact on the company’s sustainability. Contribution to the Mission of the Company Investment in human resources can be beneficial for the mission of the company. For example, the focus of Amazon’s mission is to be earth’s most customer-centric company, which demands employees able to provide clients with high-quality products and services. Because both services and products depend on the staff, investment in training and education of employees is a contribution to the mission of the company. Benefits for the Value Chain The value chain included the company itself, its employees, suppliers, and customers. Investment in human resources provides benefits for the company as a whole due to the better performance of well-trained employees, which can increase revenue. Employees benefit from this type of investment because they receive an opportunity for self-development and career growth. Suppliers will be the least affected party in case of investment in human resources, but sustainable development of the company and the growth of income are expected to provide suppliers with long-lasting cooperation and demand for their resources. Finally, customers will benefit because they will receive a better quality of service or product provided by better-trained employees. Impact on the Company’s Sustainability Investment in human resources is expected to have a positive impact on the overall company’s sustainability. Employees who receive regular training and are involved in continuous education in the field of their specialization or neighboring spheres have the potential to increase the competitive ability of the company. Consequently, the company demonstrates better performance in a highly competitive and constantly changing business environment. It results in higher revenues that allow further investment in significant spheres of the company’s functioning. Also, investment in human resources adds to the value of the company as well as to its image as an employer, which attracts better qualified and experienced employees. Evaluation and Anticipation of Investment Risks Despite evident benefits, investment in human resources has certain risks for the company. The major risk is related to employee retention. Thus, the staff members who are trained and educated at the cost of the company can seek better employment opportunities in other organizations. Therefore, the company will not receive the expected effective output from the investment. This risk can be mitigated by creating competitive conditions for employees and the provision of transparent career perspectives empowered by training and education they obtain. Another possible risk is the selection of programs for staff training. In contemporary conditions, there are diverse opportunities for employee development and education, but the choice of a proper course or training can become a problem. Still, the company can address this risk by careful investigation of any program suggested to its employees and select those that can be beneficial for the performance of the organization. Reference Ehnert, I., Harry, W., & Zink, K J. (Eds.). (2014). Sustainability and human resource management: Developing sustainable business organizations . New York, NY: Springer.
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The Challenge of Critical Theory for Those in Organization Theory and Behavior Essay (Article Review) Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction The fields of organizational behavior and organizational theory in general experience a revival of interest in critical theory. Interestingly, despite the growing popularity and awareness, the theory is surrounded by numerous misconceptions and is sometimes misused. The article by Carr (2005) is an attempt to address the inconsistencies in the current understanding of the theory by conducting exploratory research on the matter. Main body The identified goal is met through several consecutive steps. First, the author provides an overview of critical theory from an academic standpoint. According to Carr (2005), the term critical theory is used to describe the school of thought as well as a specific self-conscious approach to critique that attempts to distance from doctrinal assumptions. Both definitions are explored in detail to avoid misinterpretation. The school of thought, commonly referred to as “the Frankfurt School,” is described mainly from the historical perspective with the inclusion of the key figures, events, and turning points in its development. While it can be argued that this aspect of the research is of secondary significance for the identified objectives, it is a necessary clarification considering the ambiguity that surrounds the concept today. The approach to critical theory as a process of critique, on the other hand, is reviewed in utmost detail. This aspect of the theory is defined as aiming to produce “a particular form of knowledge that seeks to realize an emancipatory interest, specifically through a critique of consciousness and ideology” (Carr, 2005, p. 470). The key approach to the described critique is through self-placement outside the limitations of existing structures and philosophical frameworks. Such an approach forbids the critical theory from resorting to either matter or consciousness as both have the potential of distorting reality and compromising the results. The second step taken by the author is the overview of the common misconceptions followed by the detailed analysis. The main identified misconceptions are the misinterpretation of the dialectic process pertinent to critical theory, the oversimplification of the thesis-antithesis-synthesis relationship, the assumption of hierarchy that accompanies the opposition, and the reduction of the critical properties to the emergence of negative discourse. This can be considered the author’s biggest accomplishment for two reasons. First, Carr (2005) identifies the shortcomings in an approachable and accessible manner, making the text used for a broad audience. In the same way, the counterarguments presented by the author apply to a wide range of theoretical frameworks and do not require specific competencies. In other words, the text is both persuasive and approachable enough to be utilized in a wide variety of social sciences. Second, understanding critical theory is a fundamental requirement for achieving reliable results in the field of social sciences, where the applicability of natural science paradigms is limited. Simply put, the research in organizational behavior cannot ignore the fact of the mediated nature of the world and the influence of the existing ideologies on the researcher. The critical theory provides tools and methods for the researchers to account for these effects and evaluate both the facts and the surrounding values as interconnected and mutually dependent values. However, such a result is only possible when the theory is not distorted by the misunderstanding in the process of its application. Such an approach can be extended beyond the field of academic research and into the areas of administration and organizational management. Conclusion On the whole, the article contributes to the redefinition of the concepts of organizational behavior as a mediated phenomenon and contains several implications for reframing the notions of control and interaction within the organizations. Despite covering the academic side of the question, the text can be utilized to eliminate the ambiguity and enhance the understanding of numerous aspects of organization theory. Reference Carr, A.N. (2005). The challenge of critical theory for those in organization theory and behavior: An overview. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior 8 (4): 466-494.
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Antioch Unified School District Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Readiness and Emergence Response in the District 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Antioch Unified School District is one of the biggest school districts in the state of California. It is comprised of elementary schools and high schools. The school district serves more than 19000 students in the city of Antioch, California (AUSD, 2011). With the high population of this school district, it is necessary to have an effective and efficient disaster management programme to ensure the safety of students while at school. To achieve this, the school district has come up with a number of programmes which ensure that all the schools in the district are well prepared in case an emergency occurs. These programmes have been working well and in the year 2010 the school district received a grant from the Department of Homeland Security to improve on its project (AUSD, 2011). Readiness and Emergence Response in the District Antioch Unified School District is one of the most successful school districts in the United States which has shown a lot of progress in emergency readiness and response. It has a number of programmes that have made the school staff, students, parents, guardians and other community members to be well prepared in case disasters strikes. These programmes include: prevention, preparedness, response and recovery (U.S Department of Education, 2010). This ensures that all students are safe while they are at school. These programmes have been effective in the control and prevention of drug and alcohol abuse, crime control and other gang related activities. They also support the well being of students, creation of safe environments in schools and promotion of programmes which teach the students to have desirable characters and be good and responsible students in future. To achieve this, the school district has collaborated with local law enforcers, social institutions, parents and guardians. They work together as a team to ensure that all these goals and objectives are achieved. This has been very effective since it ensures that students are safe whether they are in school or not. To be ready for disasters, the school district has a number of facilities and equipments. The facilities which the school district has include: technology support, education technology, data systems, system support and maintenance and operations. It has also implemented several policies and guidelines which have to be followed by all the schools in the district. Furthermore, the school district has formulated a plan for readiness and preparedness management for schools (REMS). The plan has several goals, objectives and activities which ensure that the school district is well prepared. Formation of C-REMS, school site safety plan and training are the goals of this plant. The plant is working well since all the schools in the district have understood and can implement emergency basics such as in the event of fire, disease outbreak and so on. However, there are some improvements which need to be conducted to ensure the efficiency of the programme. The amendments include: provision of up to date machinery and equipments, intense training of teachers, students, parents and guardians and the formulation of an efficient communication method in times of emergency for an efficient reunification process. Due to these needs the school district requires more money to fund new projects and improve on the ones. This will ensure that the success of the projects will continue to perpetuity due to the sustainability of the projects. The government should therefore give the school district grants to keep the projects going. Conclusion The emergency and response projects of Antioch Unified School District have been successful. The proper planning, dedication and executions of these projects should be credited for this success. However, there are some improvements which need to be done to ensure that the projects become more effective and efficient. That is why the school district is applying for a grant from the government in order to get funds to run and manage the projects. References AUSD (2011). District at a Glance. Antioch. Retrieved from https://www.antiochschools.net/ U.S Department of Education (2010). U.S. Department of Education Awards $28.8 Million to School Districts To Improve Readiness and Emergency Response Plans. U.S Department of Education. Retrieved
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Family Health Promotion Strategies Essay A family is a unit where individuals closely communicate with each other and influence the health of each other. It is important to provide families with information concerning their health and the ways they can improve it, as families form the society. Collective health begins at home, and a nurse can become a medium between the family and the society, explaining the importance of different health strategies to the family members. There are different principle-based approaches that are able to improve family health. According to the first perspective, a larger context should be considered when planning health promotion programming. It means that a family should be regarded as an entry point for collective health. Second, the importance of family health for policy and funding decisions should be considered. Third, it is important to explain to the members of the families that they can influence collective health greatly (Barnes et al., 2020). Thus, some approaches are aimed at promoting the family members’ awareness about the importance of their health, as family health influences the overall society. The ways of improving family health also should include not only informing people about the importance of their health, but also some measures that the family members should follow. According to the Australian Government Department of Health (n.d.), health promotion strategies should include such activities as breastfeeding, promoting physical activity, and preventing injuries. Besides, the list of such activities includes smoking cessation programs, preventing SIDS, and promoting early literacy. A nurse can also play an important role in the process, explaining the importance of the abovementioned activities. As Hanson et al. (2019) put it, the visits of the nurses in the framework of the Nurse-Family Partnership program help to improve maternal and child health. A nurse can analyze the gaps in the lifestyle of the family members and based on the knowledge about their diseases recommend certain strategies that could improve the situation. References Australian Government Department of Health (n.d.). Health Promotion. Web. Barnes M.D., Hanson C.L., Novilla L.B., Magnusson B.M., Crandall A.C., Bradford G. (2020). Family-centered health promotion: Perspectives for engaging families and achieving better health outcomes. Inquiry, 57 Hanson C.L., Crandall A., Barnes M.D., Magnusson B., Lelinneth M., Novilla B., King J. (2019). Family-Focused public health: Supporting homes and families in policy and practice. Front Public Health, 7 (59). Web.
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Manifestations of the Financial Crisis in Greece Essay Greek is one of the countries with stable political circles. Its banking system is also stable compared to many other European countries. Nevertheless, this does not mean that it’s free from the looming economic crisis in Europe and elsewhere in the world. One of the reasons why the Greeks banking system is not greatly affected by the crisis is because it invested more in turkey Russia and Ukraine which have not been affected greatly but if these economies fail, things may change for the worse. The buying capacity of the average consumer as well as the cash flow of many businesses in Greek have been shattered by the strategy of keeping deposit rates low and loans very expensive. This makes business in Greek very expensive and hard to maintain. Importers have problems paying for the goods. The country has a great financial deficit – in fact, the second-highest in Europe after Italy-of around 13.9 percent, and research shows that the figure is likely to move upwards. This crisis has attracted strikes from civil servants. Greek struggles to cope with a great debt of $406 billion and it still needs to borrow to meet the budget deficit. This affects the local consumers and investors and the greatest hit are the European countries that use the euro. This is because the great deficits will drag the euro currency down to zero. The question is, should the countries watch as this happens, or should Greek withdraw from using the euro, or should they come in to assist it? The latter is the only option as they cannot watch a country withdraw from this great means of bringing European integration and common governance. With this kind of financial crisis, bank rates will be affected and mostly exaggerated. An exporter must therefore be very careful about the method of payment to be used. As an exporter using the documents against payment as a term of payment, I will have to get other better means. In This term of payment, the bank holds the documents of ownership of the machinery am exporting until the buyer of the machines pays for them. Eventually, the bank has to be paid by the exporter since the agreement is between the bank and the exporter. Due to the financial crisis, where solvency is affected and the borrowing rates are very high, there is a possibility that the importer will not be able to pay, or will pay after a very long time. The bank which is also affected by the crisis will also exaggerate the cost of this operation and this leads to a loss on my side. This is because there is going to be what we call a ‘difficult market’ and so I have to be advised on the best terms of payment in such a financial crisis. In this kind of crisis, the best term of payment is cash in advance. As an exporter, I will want to receive payment before I ship the machinery. This way I will be assured of getting the payment in time for continuity of my business. I will be avoiding the situation where machinery has been shipped, and payment is made to the bank after a very long time. What will happen if this is the money, I was supposed to use in making more machinery for export? Will I stop doing business just because there are financial crises in Greek? Never.
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Plato on Knowledge and Opinion Essay Plato’s Republic develops the concept of the types of knowledge. The primary division of Plato’s classification is the division of knowledge into sensory and intellectual knowledge. The first category of knowledge, namely sensory knowledge, is perceived as a lower type, and intellectual knowledge is the higher one. Intellectual knowledge is divided into “thinking” (noesis) and “reason” (dianoia). By “thinking,” Plato understands the activity of the mind alone, free from the admixture of sensuality. By “reason,” Plato understands this kind of intellectual knowledge, in which the subject of cognition also uses the mind to understand sensible things. Sensual knowledge Plato also divides into two areas: “faith” (pistis) and “likeness” (eicasia). Through “faith,” one perceives things as existing and affirms them as such. “Likeliness” is no longer a kind of perception but an intellectual action with sensory images of things. According to Plato, feelings cannot be the source of true knowledge; he considers knowledge as “ability” or even “power,” the most influential of all that a person possesses. Closely related to these differences is Plato’s distinction between knowledge and opinion. The opinion is neither knowledge nor ignorance; it is vaguer than knowledge but more precise than ignorance; it is in between these two categories. Unlike opinion, knowledge is a potency, a special kind of existence. I understand Plato’s distinction between opinion and knowledge; opinions can be both true and wrong, and their true value can fluctuate. Socrates, the protagonist in Plato’s Republic , suggests creating an ideal city as a model for regulating the individual soul. The city’s guardians must be moral and unselfish, living modestly and communally as soldiers do in their camps. Thus, according to Plato, people who have a moral and intellectual approach to governance issues should govern a just republic. These people in their decisions should rely on the knowledge because only it can provide them with an accurate perception of reality, free from feelings. The opinions of modern politicians, such as, for example, Joe Biden, influence the decisions made in government, which, from Plato’s point of view, is not acceptable. The mental activity of the head of state should be aimed at comprehending eternal questions, not the current and changing world.
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Transfer Pricing and Organizational Restructuring Essay For a currently centralized organization that considers adopting a decentralized structure, multiple challenges may be associated in the area of budgeting and cost spread. This paper reviews the key concerns associated with transfer pricing involved in organizational restructuring. Furthermore, it comments on the purpose and functions of responsibility centers, internal changes appropriate for cost centers, and the role of business analytics in a decentralized growing organization. Decentralized organizations are generally characterized by the ability of low-level managers to make impactful decisions that affect commercial tactics and strategies implemented by the firm. The main benefits of this approach include fast decision-making, a high level of motivation across low-level management, and greater responsiveness to local needs. Transfer pricing is often adopted by decentralized organizations, as a quick and effective tool to pay for goods and services they require for operation. Transfer pricing is the value measure directed by the profit center to other responsibility centers within the company. It occurs in cases of internal exchange of goods and services between multiple divisions of a firm, which is significantly more common for decentralized organizations. The most common problem associated with them despite their relative inevitability lies in the fact that transfer prices are a source of revenue and costs at the same time depending on the perspective, leading to a conflict of interest. Responsibility centers in any organization may be divided into four categories: cost centers, revenue centers, profit centers, and investment centers. These centers are a key part of the responsibility accounting, which in turn allows for analyzing each manager’s financial decisions individually, to identify responsible employees quickly if the need arises. Cost centers in particular concern the responsibility accounting approach where the inputs, those being the resources used by a firm at large or by its division, are only measured in monetary terms. Cost centers assess the financial performance in terms of the costs it entailed. To specify, they comment on a financial operation’s efficiency by analyzing the number of inputs needed to generate the desired output. Thus, their analysis is frequently somewhat surface level, as it lacks the focus on the general profitability of an operation for the company. A firm might consider changing its direct functionality by combining cost centers with other KPI-measuring tools when assessing a financial operation. Decentralization frequently increases the firm’s efficiency on multiple smaller scales simultaneously, particularly where an international organization is concerned. A decentralized decision-making process for a global company implies that decisions are made with the knowledge of local economic and social structures. Such decisions have the potential to be exceptionally informed, thus generating financial profits and long-term benefits for the company. However, in order to realize the model’s full potential for customization and attention to detail, said decisions should be informed by business analytics and profound research. Business analytics enables a de-centralized firm to generate balanced, grounded solutions that correlate with the current market trends. It allows the leaders to exercise control over their areas of responsibility from the angle of managerial and financial expertise. In conclusion, responsible accounting and efficient de-centralized organizational structure tend to go hand in hand. It allows a firm to organize its inputs and outputs, thus evaluating running costs from the point of their profitability. However, the current model of responsibility centers might be in need of greater flexibility to design a more adaptable and multi-layered cost evaluation tool. References Aljanabia, A. K., & Nourib, M. A. Responsible Accounting and Its Role in Achieving Competitive Advantage. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 10 (11), 577-611. Web. De Mooij, R., & Liu, L. (2020). At a cost: The real effects of transfer pricing regulations . IMF Economic Review , 68 (1), 268-306. Web.
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Authentic Assessment for ELL Classroom Term Paper In order to complete this activity, I will assess an oral language lesson plan using the w and h questions. The main goal of the lesson is to help the students perform tasks that will help them improve their speaking ability. The lesson is specifically meant for learners in grade three to grade five. The wh-movements are used in this lesson to show the interrogative clause. They create a special ordering of words that help to achieve the interrogative clause. Examples of the wh-words that are used to form questions in this lesson include: why, where, when, which, what, and whose. The only exception in this category is ‘how’. The students therefore have to be able to use the wh-movement so as to create interrogative clause in a sentence. Therefore in order to assess the learners’ whole ability, the teacher has to be able to give the students tasks that will ensure they use their ability. For instance, according to the lesson plan, the teacher identifies something in the classroom that the students see every day and then hides it. The task is then to ask the students what is missing in the class. This task will ensure that the students speak and not just to mention one word but to describe events and how they happened. The teacher will not only ask the student what is missing from the class, but will also ask them individually when they realized that it was missing and who took it. In a normal declarative sentence, the teacher could say something like ‘the chat is pinned on the board’. This sentence has the normal word order whereby it begins with a direct object, a verb and a subject. The teacher could then unpin the chat from the board and hide it. After which the students could be made to use wh-movement to form questions about the chat. Already, the students know some information about the chat. They see it pinned to the classroom board daily and they also know its content. However they may not know where it is because it is hidden. The students could then change the sentence order by using the wh-movement words to form an interrogative clause such as this: ‘where is the chat that was pinned to the classroom board?’ another question that could be asked is ‘who took the chat that was pinned to the classroom board?’ The students can be allowed to form interrogative clauses using any of the wh-movement as long as the question makes sense. Even though the movement of the wh-word can be used differently in subordinate clauses and other relative clauses, the main focus for the lesson would be the main clauses. The students have to be able to identify the main verb that moves in the sentence in order to appropriately use the wh-movement at the beginning. Since the lesson is an oral lesson, then the intonation for the questions asked has to be emphasized. Questions normally have a rising intonation when orally expressed. The teacher has to ensure that the intonation comes out clearly when the students speak out the questions. Finally, the formed interrogative clauses can also be expressed either as past tense or present tense. Here, the use of auxiliary verbs has to be emphasized since when used with other verbs in a sentence, they help create a tense. Reference Kelley, A. (2010). Titled “This Is Your Life,” this lesson involves a Family Tree, Interviewing, Childhood Treasures, and Writing . Web.
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Harrison Bergeron Theme Essay Harrison Bergeron, a short story by Kurt Vonnegut, highlights the perils of governmental control, coupled with people’s ignorance. Vonnegut goes ahead to predict the results of such a move. The most prominent theme of Harrison Bergeron is the lack of freedom in American society. Vonnegut also explains how the loss of civil rights is catching with Americans. What is the result of all these? There is a high probability that America will end up in a dystopia. In summary, the loss of freedom and civil rights would lead to America’s dystopia are the main messages of Harrison Bergeron. The essay briefly discusses the topics of the story and the questions raised by the author. Some of them are illustrated by the quotes from the text to demonstrate its tone and the literary devices used in the story. Central Idea of Harrison Bergeron As aforementioned, Americans love freedom, and Harrison’s actions evidence this; he escapes from prison, goes ahead to remove his handicaps, and finally tries to influence those around him. “Why don’t you stretch out on the sofa, so that you can rest your handicap bag…?” (Vonnegut Page 216). The government chained this handicap bag around George’s neck; however, Harrison is telling George to ‘rest’ it, as a sign of rebellion and push for freedom. Nevertheless, in Harrison’s world, this freedom is no more, and people cannot make choices because they are above average in everything, and as a result, they are disabled. For instance, the dancers are cloaked to ensure that “nobody would feel like something the cat drug in” (Vonnegut Page 216). The fact that all people are above average in everything takes away the freedom of choice and hampers everyone in the new dystopia America. The plot unfolds around the main theme of Harrison Bergeron. The main idea of neglect of freedom of choice is also expressed in the article of Clark. The author argues that “Uninformed citizens are left vulnerable to the political exploitation of special-interests” (Clark, 1). That proves that, though Americans love freedom, their freedom of choice is restricted by lack of information. The loss of civil rights is another contributing factor to this dystopia in America. Everyone is equal “due to the 211th, 212th, and 213th Amendments to the Constitution…the unceasing vigilance of agents of the United States Handicapper General” (Vonnegut Page 218). In this state, the ‘Handicapper General’ ensures everyone is equal, and he or she has no right, including the right to life. No one in the nowadays society is truly free, as it will be shown in the next paragraphs of the essay. Harrison Bergeron’s character George says, “Two years in prison and two thousand dollars fine for every ball I took out” (Vonnegut Page 216). George here talks of the consequences of removing the ‘handicap’ that the government has placed around his neck, evidence of loss of civil rights. George even watches her daughter die on television, and he cannot complain leave alone filling a suit. All these events resonate well with what is happening in America today. Manson discusses the issue of loss of civil rights by American citizens in one of his articles, which is devoted to mind control. There is multiple “evidence for government involvement in attempts to control people’s behavior” (Manson, 1). The mind-control conspiracy theory proves the intrusion of the government to people’s personal lives and even to their consciousness. The violation of fundamental civil rights defined by the Constitution is apparent. Vonnegut insinuates that if what is happening in contemporary America is not countered, then a dystopia in America is inevitable. That is the central idea of Harrison Bergeron. Even though Vonnegut wrote this story many years ago, he had seen what was lurking; for instance, after the 9/11 events, congress passed the US Patriot Act that allowed security agencies to probe personal issues. That resonates well with “the unceasing vigilance of agents of the United States Handicapper General” (Vonnegut Page 216). Even though the loss of freedom in contemporary America is not as bad as in Harrison’s society, American authorities are slowly taking away freedom. For instance, smoking regulations placed public places is a move of its kind. To this, Vonnegut would say, “Some things about living still aren’t quite right. The ‘rightness’ of living is disappearing as people lose freedom and head to the new dystopia America. Indeed, the freedom of Americans is gradually lost. According to Manson, even the right to individual opinions is violated. As a result of the government, activity is such that “a person simply becomes a pair of eyes designed to observe and transmit data.” This serves as evidence of American citizens being deprived of their rights for freedom. Conclusion This analysis essay outlined the central idea and the main theme of Harrison Bergeron. In summary, Vonnegut tries to highlight how government control would slowly convert America into a dystopian nation. Despite the love that Americans have for freedom, Vonnegut is afraid that this is being taken away, and people will have “a little mental handicap radio in their ears tuned to a government transmitter” (Vonnegut Page 218). That would take away freedom, and civil rights would suffer the same fate for those who rebel against the set ordinances will have, “ten seconds to get their handicaps back on” (Vonnegut Page 219). The overall effect in this situation would be a nation where all people are equal according to government standards hence dystopia. The take-home point in Vonnegut’s short story is, people should come out of their ignorance, take action, and correct government errors; otherwise, America will be a place of parity without dreams and competition hence dystopia America. Works Cited Clark, J. “Regulating Government” The Encyclopedia of Public Choice . Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media, 2004. Credo Reference. Web.
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“Vertigo” the Film by Alfred Hitchcock Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Basic Plot 3. Characteristic Features of the Film’s Style 4. Analysis of the Style of One Key Scene 5. Conclusion 6. Work Cited Introduction Widely regarded as Alfred Hitchcock’s greatest films, Vertigo presents the masterpiece of suspense. Produced by Paramount Pictures in 1958, the film consists of 128 minutes. A range of talented artists contributed to the creation of Vertigo , including Kim Novak, James Stewart, Bernard Herrmann, Robert Burks, and so on. This film is a screenplay of the French novel From Among the Dead , which was provided by three screenwriters, and filming was established on the on-site principal photography. This paper focuses on the analysis of one scene, the impact of which is based on the selection of colors and camera movements. Basic Plot The film narrates about the policeman, Scotty Ferguson, who was retired because of depression and panic fear of height, which caused the death of his colleague. This trauma continues to return to the main character’s life as he follows a woman, Judy, who reminds him of Madeline – one of the clients who behaved in an inexplicable manner. Throughout the film, he is struggling with constant dizziness due to acrophobia and events that have delayed the former detective into the depths of passions and mysteries. Characteristic Features of the Film’s Style The details of the film create an atmosphere of psychedelic transmission of fear, horror, and panic in the eyes of the actors. The musical accompaniment, as well as the color spectrum, conveys the mood of the film, which introduces a viewer into an alarming state and the feeling that something wicked will surely happen. Even though at the time of the film production there were few technical opportunities, the feeling of dizziness is transmitted perfectly. Thus, the atmosphere of fear is revealed by cinematographic means, such as editing, sound, and properly exposed light along with the impressive relationships between the characters and their psychological impact on each other. Analysis of the Style of One Key Scene The scene when Judy dressed like Madeline appears from the bathroom and walks towards Scotty to kiss him is one of the most remarkable ones. An important color characterizing the heroine is ghastly green that labels something mysterious and ominous ( Vertigo ). For this scene, the director used green filters that created the effect of light fog, providing characters with a romantic charm. The work with the shadow also carries a semantic meaning: Judy stays in a room lit up with green neon, while light and shadow divide her face in half, recalling the sinister dualism of her image. Another way to emphasize the romantic perception of the character used in this scene is the rear projection. During the kiss, Madeline and Scotty are surrounded by the background with a changing image that shows Madeline’s room and moves to the church’s courtyard. It seems that to create a spinning effect, the actors were placed on a circular rotating platform. The coordination of the movement of the camera and that of the platform was targeted. At the same time, the actors do not move for a long time, naturally causing feelings of nausea and dizziness. Conclusion To conclude, Vertigo contains various cinematographic means that help the director to provide the desired impact on viewers. Personally, I learned that the combination of several methods to reveal a character’s mood and the overall atmosphere is rather effective. For example, in the analyzed scene, the integration of rear projection and coloring are the most effective in showing obsession and vertigo, which fits the main idea and tonality of the film and depicts the relationships between characters. Work Cited Vertigo . Directed by Alfred Hitchcock, performances by James Stewart and Kim Novak, Paramount Pictures, 1958.
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“The Book of Travels” by Evliya Çelebi Essay Evliya Çelebi is one of the most outstanding figures in the Ottoman Empire of the 17 th century. His destination as a traveler and thinker gained him great popularity among the highly-ranked figures of the empire on the whole. Sultan Murad IV adored Evliya’s great memory in reciting the Quran (The Author and His Subject 4). In this respect the main work of Evliya The Book of Travels represents picaresque and exhaustive information on different social issues inside the Ottoman Empire. In this respect it is better to take notice of how well Evlia describes the social life across the empire. His ideas are full of assumptions and reasoning over the reasons which caused different transformations in peoples’ lives. The question is about the destiny of Melek Ahmed Pasha. In this respect the paper deals with several issues. Some among them are: slaves who then became one of the greatest statesmen, the role and status of women, military services, and some others. All in all, Evliya was a talented descriptor able to manifest the social features which made the Ottoman Empire that firm and glorious. First of all, Evliya replicates the versatility of social life throughout the whole empire. On the example of Melek Ahmed one can get the idea of how a great statesman can grow out of slavery of his mother. To be precise, Caucasian provinces of the Empire (Abkhazia in particular) were target places to recruit people for serving in military forces of the Sultanate. It is vital to admit that Evliya was a good companion to people. Thus, his trips were under patronage of sultan Murad IV and, especially, Melek Ahmed and his wife, Kaya Sultan, were the closest boon companions to Evliya (The Author and His Subject 7). Due to Evliya’s survey it is well-known that some of the greatest Ottomans had origins coming down to slavery. Some of their relatives or even the closest ones (mother, father) once were slaves. Melek Ahmed was one of them. He was an Abkhazian who grew in harem of sultan, and, then, his career ladder was fulfilled with different positions on the highest ranks. Some of them are: governor in Baghdad in 1641 and governor of Damascus in 1643 (The Author and His Subject 8). On the other hand, the status of women in the Ottoman Empire varied depending on the stratum of this or that woman. In accordance with Quran, a Muslim woman should be under the patronage of her husband and never contradict his commands. However, the Ottoman Empire was rich in opportunities for all layers of the society. Slaves from Abkhazia and neighboring provinces could have become honorable women if they had been presented to the sultan. Military forces were highly appreciated with the wise and well-crafted policy of Melek Ahmed. He was apt at recruiting people all over the territory of the Empire. He did this by communicating with other great statesmen. The main provinces being sources of new enslaved soldiers (gulams) were Abkhazia and Circassia and some other territories of the Caucasus (Celebi 33). Hence, owing to Melek Ahmed Rumelian and Anatolian provinces were no longer considered to be the main human resource centers for administrative and military work. Thus, the book by Evliya Celebi shows intimate details of life among the greatest statesmen of the Ottoman Empire (Melek Ahmed Pasha). Moreover, due to his work the social; peculiarities of people living across the empire are undoubtedly documented. Works cited Çelebi, Evliya. The intimate life of an Ottoman statesman: Melek Ahmed Pasha (1588-1662) : as portrayed in Evliya Çelebi’s Book of travels (Seyahat-name). Edited by Robert Dankoff. New York, NY: SUNY Press, 1991. The Author and His Subject. Introduction, 2002: 3-41.
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Barilla Company’s Supply Chain Variability Report What are the reasons for the increase in variability in Barilla’s supply chain? One of the factors that led to an increase in variability in Barilla’s supply chain was the fact that the company served a diverse distribution network consisting of large and small distributors with diverse order volumes. While large distributors ordered as much as five truckloads of Barilla egg pasta, smaller distributors could order as low as one truckload a week (Simchi-Levi, 1994). This caused an increase in variability in the supply chain. Secondly, most of the company’s distributors did not have complex systems that could accurately forecast future trends so as to determine order volumes. Thirdly, the company’s strategy of offering incentives to its distributors increased variability in the company since most customers waited for the “canvass” periods to make large purchases. Lastly, the company took a longer than usual time to make deliveries (8-14 days after the order is placed). Being a food product, such a long delivery window led to market uncertainties resulting in variability. How can Barilla cope with the increase in variability? The company should inform distributors to implement scheduled ordering policies. This could be done using systems that would accurately make forecasts based on previous sales patterns. Besides, the company can initiate information sharing with all stakeholders in the supply chain and also increase its visibility on the same. This would enable it to collect vital data that would aid it to come up with a trend that would help it to cope up with variability in sales. What is the impact of transferring demand information across the supply chain? The immediate impact of this move is that it makes the supply chain more efficient. When the supplier, distributors, and retailers share demand information, the supplier is able to make adequate plans to either increase or reduce production in response to market dynamics. This ensures that there is neither a shortage nor an excess in the market. It must be mentioned that information sharing is of benefit even to the distributors and retailers as it helps them to satisfy their markets. Can the Vendor Managed Inventory strategy solve the operational problems faced by Barilla? The Vendor managed inventory strategy would only work if the distributors and retailers are adequately in its planning and implementation. The whole strategy is not helpful without the full cooperation of the named entities since they are the ones that provide quality data on which decisions on the volume of inventory to be sent to a particular distributor is based. Consequently, the Vendor managed inventory strategy can only be effective in solving the operational problems faced by Barilla if both distributors and retailers are involved in its formulation and implementation. How can the supply chain meet conflicting goals of different partners and facilities? One of the most challenging tasks in a supply chain is to create a balance between inventory levels and facility size (Simchi-Levi, 1994). To meet conflicting goals of different partners and facilities, a vendor can opt to establish outlets near distributors so that the latter is not forced to make bulk purchases while ensuring that they have adequate stocks at any given time. Besides, the distributor can offer free or subsidized transport services to his clientele so that the distributors do not feel obliged to make bulk purchases in order to cut transport expenses. References Simchi-Levi, D. (1994). Designing and Managing the supply chain , Third Edition. NY: Mcgraw Hill.
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Besides, the main agenda of this meeting will be to ascertain the success of the workshop and to establish the most appropriate manner of conducting the workshop. Supervisor 1: I would like to appreciate the efforts of the program planner in making arrangements for this meeting. There have been numerous interpersonal conflicts between employees at United Way, which led to various employees in my department being transferred. The workshop should work towards improving relations between employees and enlightening employees on issues of anger management. Employee Representative: Indeed, anger management is of utmost importance as it goes a long way in helping avert conflicts. More so, the employees are complaining that the management does not consider relations between employees when assigning specific employees to particular departments. The forthcoming workshop should encourage employees to be tolerant of each other and understand they all come from different backgrounds. Human Resource Manager: The modes of disciplining employees used before have been dismissals and transfers, but this time a different approach can be tried after the workshop. The main aim of this workshop is to instill discipline among the employees and to educate them on the organization’s policy regarding teamwork and professionalism. Supervisor 2: The forthcoming workshop should familiarize the employees with the organization’s corporate culture. The employees must understand that they cannot be allowed to bring their personal opinions to work and that an individual who does not embrace teamwork is expendable. Program Planner: Numerous issues concerning the workshop need to be addressed, such as the aspect of contextual factors, that have to be considered, and the cost of conducting the workshop ascertained. Secondly, the social aspect should be analyzed and the workshop made in such a way that it is acceptable to the employees. Furthermore, the workshop should not interfere with the main goals, objectives, and social responsibility of United Way. Employee Representative: United Way staff are willing to attend the workshop, and with regards to the cost, the finance manager can explain more. Finance Manager: The budget has already been formulated and the funds are available. The set budget sums to $10000, and this is the amount which is available at the moment. Program Planner: The political aspect is vital and the county representative may be invited to harmonize United Way employees from all regions in the county. Besides, we should ascertain who are involved in the planning process and the decision-making mechanism so that the goals of the various stakeholders concerning the workshop is easily established. As of now, several resolutions have been raised in this meeting and other suggestions are welcomed. Human Resource Manager: The success of the workshop is based on all employees expressing their individual opinions and questionnaires will be issued to the employees. The questionnaires will act as an aid in the planning process for the workshop and the identity of the employees will remain anonymous. Program Planner: I would like to express my gratitude to all of you for taking time off your strict schedules to attend this meeting. I would also urge all of you to support this endeavor in your capacity to enable the success of this workshop. Thank you all. Critical Techniques The techniques that would be most effective for the program planner to use are the creation of suggestion boxes, interviewing all stakeholders, consulting the top management, motivating employees to attend the workshop, and creating a rapport with all United Way stakeholders.
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“Blindness” by Krishna Tateneni 2. “On His Deafness” by Robert F. Panara 3. “My Son, My Executioner” by Donald Hall 4. “Homage to My Hips” by Lucille Clifton 5. “Friday Night” by Baron Wormser 6. Work Cited “Blindness” by Krishna Tateneni I picked this poem because it talks about grief, which is a common topic that anyone can identify with in life. One of the interesting lines in the poem is, “on the day you lost sight, after your mother’s death” (Douket 77). This line paints a clear picture of how losing a loved one affects the bereaved. I have experienced the death of a loved one, which explains why this line is interesting to me. I can identify with the poet’s feelings as captured in this line. The main theme in this poem is grief and the pain that the bereaved experience after losing a loved one. In this case, the poet talks of the death of one’s mother and the ensuing blinding grief. The poet notes that the journey through grief is long, and it may take years for one to overcome the pain. During this period, the grieving party sees things differently due to the darkness that covers one’s life. “On His Deafness” by Robert F. Panara I picked this poem because the poet talks about his personal experience of living with deafness, which can affect anyone. The most interesting line in the poem is “My ears are deaf, and yet I seem to hear” (Douket 75). The contrast created by this line spurred curiosity within me, and thus I sought to read the poem carefully to understand its message. The main theme in the poem is the bright side of being deaf. The poet notes that while he cannot hear, the power of the written words awakens and thrills the inner ear. The beauty of awakening the inner ear is that one can hear and understand things that can easily go unnoticed to a normal person. For instance, the poet says that he can “tell each secret shade of meaning” (Douket 75). In deafness, the poet says that one learns to hear the harmony that exists in nature, from the cooing of birds to the swishing of leaves, which underscores the beauty of life. “My Son, My Executioner” by Donald Hall I chose this poem because it addresses parenting, which readers can easily relate to in real-life situations. The most interesting line is the opening one where the poet says, “My son, my executioner” (Douket 76). The effect of this line on me was that it caused me to be interested in knowing how one’s son can become their executioner. The main theme in the poem is parenting. According to the poet, once someone becomes a parent, his or her life changes irreversibly. As the child grows and becomes strong, the parents become weaker and eventually die. However, the beauty of having children lies in the fact that the parents’ lives are immortalized through their offspring. On this subject, the poet says, “Sweet death, small son, our instrument of immortality” (Douket 76). Therefore, despite the challenges that come with parenting, it has invaluable benefits, which underscores the joy of parenthood. “Homage to My Hips” by Lucille Clifton I picked this poem because it addresses self-empowerment, which can help many people that are struggling with being comfortable with who they are. The most interesting image is that of someone enjoying the freedom and accepting themselves regardless of the shape and size of their bodies or the color of their skin. The effect of this image on me was that I felt empowered to accept myself the way I am. I do not need to fit into social constructs to please other people. The main themes in this poem are self-acceptance and self-empowerment. For a long time, women have been subjected to stereotypes that they should have a certain body figure, which is normally petite. However, the poet breaks this stereotype and encourages people to accept themselves the way they are. The poem implores readers to realize that they are unique, free and empowered to do whatever they want to do with their lives. The poet uses hips, which are some of the body parts that most women feel insecure about, and declares that they cannot be enslaved by social pressures. “Friday Night” by Baron Wormser I picked this poem because the poet talks about relaxation after work, and I will soon identify with it after I start my career. The most interesting line is, “It is not written into any constitution or call to arms, but this takes place all over the world” (Douket 77). This line caused me to acknowledge the importance of unwinding after a long week at work. The main theme in this poem is relaxation, especially at the end of the week. The setting of the poem is a dinner party where people have met after working hard throughout the week to relax and connect with one another. At such events, people share their stories about life. The poet foregoes the use of a rhyme scheme to represent the diversity of people and their life experiences. Ultimately, Friday nightstands for having fun and enjoyment. Work Cited Douket. English 2 Readings. Aristotext.
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Nursing for Different Communities Essay In a society, nurses need to assist and provide proper care for communities that may differ on a geopolitical and phenomenological basis. Communities in geopolitical places can be natural or man-made and refer to cities, counties, states, or school districts and neighborhoods (Nies & McEwen, 2018). The place in phenomenological communities is more abstract and refers to similarities based on culture, value, history, or interests (Nies & McEwen, 2018). Public health nurses should provide assessment and intervention based on both individual and social environmental factors encouraging community programs (Olsen et al., 2018). A geopolitical and phenomenological place can influence the context of a population or community assessment and intervention in terms of providing care for people of a specific group as a whole or an individual in said groups. Nurses play a crucial role in assisting health issues of local or global nature and providing care for communities. The nursing process can be utilized to assist in identifying health issues based on its first stages, which are assessment and diagnosis (Younas, 2017). During the assessment, nurses collect patients’ data regarding demographics, vital signs, and physical, psychological, and spiritual conditions (Younas, 2017). Based on the assessment, nurses should be able to identify health issues and formulate a nursing diagnosis (Younas, 2017). The nursing process can be utilized in creating an appropriate intervention during its implementation stage (Younas, 2017). Intervention along with screening and referrals can be applied for the community or population in relation to primary care, emergency departments, schools, and mental health clinics (Knopf-Amelung, 2017). During the nursing process after the screening, patients may receive a referral to treatment to connect with special care (Knopf-Amelung, 2017). Nurses have to be able to assist health issues of different nature for people from different communities and provide them with appropriate care. References Knopf-Amelung, S., Gotham, H., Kuofie, A., Young, P., Stinson, R. M., Lynn, J., & Hildreth, J. (2017). Comparison of instructional methods for screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for substance use in nursing education. Nurse Educator, 43 (3), 123. Nies, M. A., & McEwen, M. (2018). Community/public health nursing: Promoting the health of populations. Saunders. Olsen, J. M., Horning, M. L., Thorson, D., & Monsen, K. A. (2018). Relationships between public health nurse-delivered physical activity interventions and client physical activity behavior. Applied Nursing Research, 40 , pp. 13-19. Younas, A. (2017). The nursing process and patient teaching. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy, 15 (6), 13-16.
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