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Thus in the middle of the 19th century, a group of landscape painters was influenced by the romantic trend in painting and began to create pictures of the new movement. This very movement was named after the painting that depicted the landscape of the Hudson River Valley. The movement was spread among American artists of that period who depicted natural landscapes. Sometimes the artist involved specific techniques to deliberately make some parts of the picture light and others dark which we could not see in natural landscapes; this technique is called luminism. Unlike the painters creating their works according to the realistic movement and not idealizing the natural landscapes, the painters of the Hudson River movement used specific techniques to idealize the depicted images. Sometimes the representatives of the movement of the Hudson River painters tend to combine several images from a number of different sketches in order to create one complete image of the natural landscape. The general characteristics of the works of the Hudson River Painters were the detailed and very precise depiction of the natural landscapes; some of them tried to depict not only nature but also people in nature’s lap. This method helped to create an illusion of the unity of two elements of the world: nature and the human being; the pictures depicting people against the background of the natural landscape are called pastoral. The followers of the movement organized the Hudson River School which preserves the basic characteristics and principles of a depiction of the first representatives of the movement. Many painters created their works according to the principles of the Hudson River movement, but I would like to talk about the most outstanding one in my view. He is Albert Bierstadt. The painter was born in Germany, and then his family moved to United States (New Bedford). He obtained knowledge of painting in Germany at Dusseldorf School. When he returned to America, he began to work on the natural landscapes; eventually, he met people who influenced in some way his decisions and, consequently, his works and career. Thus Albert Bierstadt visited a lecture in New Bedford about the Western territories of the United States of America and this event raised an interest in that region that changed his successive career. Lately, he was a participant of the military expedition; during the period of the journey, he practiced his techniques in the depiction of natural landscapes and native inhabitants of those territories. The basic methods of the great artist were easel painting and mapmaking; he depicted the images with the help of gouache, oil, pastel, watercolor, and charcoal; his paintings are known for their enormous size of canvases. Albert Bierstadt created his paintings in a number of different similar styles, such as the Hudson River Style and Romanticism; he also used the luminous technique in order to make the image full of high emotions. The images which were the subjects of his paintings were of different categories. Thereby he depicted landscapes and other images of nature, portraits, animals, and people against the backgrounds of nature. I know that the author returned to the Western regions of the United States of America during all his life in order to paint the majestic natural landscapes of the West. One of the brightest paintings from my point of view is the “Indians Spear Fishing” made in oil on canvas. This work is really impressive and outstanding. This painting in a specific way represents historical and scientific value; it achieved the highest point of the talent of depiction. During his trips, Albert Bierstadt made sketches and then expressed all the beauty and grandeur of the natural landscapes in his paintings. Thus the picture “Indians Spear Fishing” is also the result of the repainting from previously made sketches. It represents the Native Americans against the background of an enormous landscape. Though the Indians represent the smallest part of the huge majestic landscape, the tiny figures help to understand the greatness of nature and different natural phenomena. I believe that in this picture the artist also used the technique of luminism as there are extremely light parts in the picture as in the middle and in the bottom right corner. The image is represented in earthy pale tones diluted with the grey tones of the sky and rocks. The picture is organized in two visual directions horizontal and vertical; thus the horizontal direction represents the mirror-like surface of the river and the vertical one depicts the cliffs overhanging over the river and its bank, and the three Indians in the boat. These two directions form an invisible contrast between the light and dark sides. From first sight, the observer wants to visit the place depicted on the canvas. The harmony of the landscape is similar to the harmony of the pictures depicting biblical paradise. The accuracy of the details’ depiction helps to catch all the parts, even the smallest ones which represent the unity of the image. The reflection of the towering cliffs, trees, and clouds in the water makes the image complete and exactly comparable with reality.
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Direct Channels Impact on Insurance Industry Essay Recently, Progressive Insurance Company has introduced new products for regular drives – snapshots. These devices are necessary for developing rewarding systems that would encourage drivers to ride carefully. Hence, the more accurately you drive, the more money drivers save. The initiated complain focuses on new options for consumers to gain discounts. The product creates several benefits for consumers whose driving habits are much more accurate and less aggressive (Schultz, 2011a). Hence, the proposed item is both progressive and innovative, which correspond to the strategic vision and mission of the insurance company. Flo, the mercantile character, representing the Progressive’s objectives, highlights the main benefits for drivers who are interested in discounts and money-saving. With regard to the four characteristics of the service, including service intangibility, inseparability, variability, and perishability, the least attention is given to the service perishability (Kotler & Armstrong, 2011). The reference, however, is made to the analysis of the functionality of iPod device, which can also be used as a mile counter while driving (Kotler & Armstrong, 2011). In fact, the service providers failed to introduce the terms under which snapshots can be maintained and regulated. As per the service tangibility, Flo has managed to demonstrate the device and explain how this product works. There is also an evident connection between the provider and its service and, therefore, strong evidence for service variability and inseparability from the Progressive Insurance is revealed. Because the company’s product has been advertised, it can be stated that the snapshot is at the stage of commercialization. Introducing online transactions as a direct channel for communication with customers supports the Progressive’s customer-centered policy. Specifically, using virtual space contributes to greater availability and simplicity of utilizing insurance services. Hence, it also justifies the company’s strategy to keep in constant contact with people who are interested in its services. Hence, independent agents can communicate with consumers both by phone and by online channels (Toops, 2009). Using the Web as an additional channel of communication makes the independent agents’ work much easier because it provides them with greater coordination and visibility of virtual space. Introducing direct insurance also provides customers with greater awareness and control of policy accomplishment. Despite the suggested advantages, independent agents still face a number of challenges while gaining experience in online communication. This is of particular concern to the skills and experiences of independent agents’ dual approach to promoting the Progressive’s brand. Two-fold orientation creates difficulties in terms of defining priorities to which the insurance agent should adhere (Toops, 2009). The problem can also influence the profitability and performance of the employees who should cooperate with customers traditionally and via online devices. Increased workload creates some challenges in terms of the quality of work. Nevertheless, the Progressive Insurance invests resources into Web development, as well as insurance of their employees’ exceptional performance. The pricing strategy of Progressive Insurance is confined to the unlimited paying capabilities of consumers. It implies that buyers are entitled to choose the price they want to pay. Such a strategy is typical of the Snapshot case because customers also pay money for freedom. The pricing considerations are significant for the Progressive’s competitors, such as State Farm and All-State. The greatest insurance companies are aware of the fact that customers are more interested in money issues rather than in insurance (Schultz, 2011b). The pricing strategies that Progressive Insurance has developed correspond to the techniques of introducing prices based on customer value. In particular, the pricing policy should reflect basic buyers’ attitudes to and perception of values, but not the costs introduced by the seller (Kotler & Armstrong, 2009). The process of setting prices should primarily concern the marketing mix concepts, although the cost-based scheme is not of the least importance. Therefore, consumers must perceive the value of service to understand whether they need to buy it or not. Introducing fictional characters in the leading insurance company’s commercials is another approach to meeting customer needs and objectives. The point is that consumers have always been interested in saving their money and receiving discounts rather than in getting car insurance only. Therefore, the task of the Progressive’s Flo, All State’s Mayhem and Farm States’ Jessica is to enhance the customer-based approach. More importantly, a humorous approach to advertising is another technique to advance face-to-face communication and add to the value of the service. According to Schultz (2011b), “the good-hands people needed their own over-the-top personality to push their message that there is more to insurance than price” (p. 2). Therefore, such personality as Mayhem has received recognition in popular culture because he embodies all possible threats that could happen with consumers’ property. Similar attention is given to Flo whose eccentric personality has also lured many customers (Schultz, 2011b). Therefore, introducing these fictional characters makes customers understand how services can become more tangible, which is among the priorities in the insurance industry. Moreover, the introduction of progressive and innovative approaches to insurance has provided a shift from traditional approaches and has created more opportunities for customers. References Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2011). Principles of Marketin g. New York: Prentice Hall. Schultz, E. J. (2011a). Flo Thumbs A Ride With Drivers. Advertising Age 82(11), 1. Schultz, E.J. (2011b). How the Insurance Industry Got Into A $4 Billion Ad Brawl. Advertising Age , 82(8), 2. Toops, L. M. (2009). Progressive Looks to Promote Agents While Protecting Share on Direct Sales. National Underwriter , 113(34), 10-25.
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It presupposes the combination of offline operations and online transactions. Currently, Amazon is it’s primitive but the most well-known representative. Market Analysis My target market includes Internet users who are willing to do traditional shopping but find it advantageous to have an opportunity to get information about products online. The size of this market is huge, as it includes the global population aged 24-50. This sector is new and the number of competitors is limited. The key ones are Amazon and Facebook and they have been growing over the past few years. O2O has developed since the 2010s and started to be actively discussed in 2015. My company is likely to achieve success in this industry because it manages well-developed online and offline operations (“Online to Offline Commerce Market”). The organization fulfills people’s needs for various products, including food, clothes, books, and furniture. The possibility of the future expansion of the market scope is also considered. The majority of the customers are likely to be bargain shoppers who are willing to make a purchase of the desired product for the best price. They are expected to be motivated by the necessity to have a particular item and for the price offered by my organization. My clients are mainly people of both genders with the middle-class income. They are students, office workers, and service providers, etc. of any marital status. The majority of them are at least high school graduates. Due to the location of shops, clients are mainly European Americans, African Americans, and Latin Americans. Stronger sales are expected in big cities of the USA, as in-person interaction is required. The market is about $100 billion in size with about 50 companies that sell approximately 10,000 of each product (Agrawal). Such companies, like Amazon, hire about 500,000 employees and measure success, focusing on sales revenue. Being a cyclical industry, it depends on the economic environment. Recently, the youngest and the oldest population of clients increased, as more people look for products online but prefer to check their quality in a person. Marketing Strategy Customer awareness will be ensured due to marketing operations. The company will have a compelling website that is easy to navigate. It will include much information about provided services and offered products, such as images, descriptions of their composition, and major features. Information about the company will be posted on social media. Google AdSense will also be used. The cost of these methods varies. The creation of a great website can be rather costly. For the O2O business, it may be about $7,000. However, additional expenditures should be considered, as constant alteration and improvements will be needed. Ads posted on social media cost about $5,000 monthly. Finally, Google AdSense can cost about $0,7 per click. I will try to make my clients understand that my company is targeted at benefiting them. In particular, it is willing to provide them with a wide range of products (including food and properties) for the best possible prices. To encourage my clients to purchase offered products, I will focus on the following messages: * Product: the company provides an opportunity to reach the widest range of products, including such diverse items as noodles, books, toys, computers, and chairs. Thus, everyone will find something to his/her liking. * Price: the company offers the lowest price for the highest quality. * Place: it is possible to find products online and then buy them in a shop nearby. * Promotion: it is possible to find information about the organization and to leave feedback on the company’s website or on social media (Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter). Works Cited Agrawal, A. J. “ The Formula to Create a Trillion-Dollar O2O Industry. ” Inc . 2016. Web. “ Online to Offline Commerce Market: Global Industry Analysis and Opportunity Assessment 2016-2026. ” Future Market Insights. 2018. Web.
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The Impact of Change in Ovid’s Metamorphoses Essay One of the resounding themes in Ovid’s epic poem, the Metamorphoses , is transformation. The poem is full of mythologies that the reader experiences from the onset where Jupiter presides over other gods to Tartarus, the place with dreadful furies. Ovid captivates the mind of his readers by creating a fictional world with capacious geographical boundaries and a different turn of events. Change in the characters such as the blasphemous Lycaon who dared Jove among others. The interest of this essay is to contextually analyze Ovid’s Metamorphosis focusing on the impact of change. Although the Metamorphosis has a twist of events that may be disorienting at the beginning, the consequences of the transformations are apparent. The title of the poem announces its structure, theme of transformation, and its results. Ovid has a hexametric structure in which distinct tales for each of the 15 books contain supernatural or magical transitions from forms into various bodies. The stories in the poem are chronological, and the message from the presiding episode results in a significant change for the consecutive narratives. For instance, the first book opens with a cosmological description of the creation of the world. The initial condition of the earth was void as indicated by “No certain form on any was imprest” (Ovid, line 21). In the next verse, God or nature intervenes to end the discord. The result is a change from a world that is formless to one with order and beauty. Changes in different eras result in a worsening of the state of humankind. During the golden age, people live in peace, despite the fact that there are no laws. In turn, the earth bountifully offered its agricultural assistance to people so that they did not toil. However, when Jove becomes a ruler of the world in his reign, the silver age emerged. The seasons changed from spring to extreme heat and cold. The result of the climatic changes is that the people were forced to toil more and have less time for leisure. In the bronze age, the living conditions worsened, and rage among people multiplied. During the final evolution, which is the iron era, mankind lived in constant violence and hardship. In addition, the mortals had to construct shelter because it became unbearable to withstand the weather conditions. It is apparent that as a result of the earth being intolerable to mortals, they became oblivious and aggressive towards each other. When humans and immortals suffer from failed love or rape, they transform their forms as a way of a defense mechanism. In the narration, there is a rapid shift from Apollo, who is a divine and an elegiac lover, to Diana, a virgin. For instance, Apollos’s infatuation with Daphne causes her to be transformed into a laurel tree. This is after the latter realizes that she cannot win against Apollo in the foot race (Ovid, lines 548-552). In addition, all the victims of Jove’s rape cases try to protect themselves through transformation. In book 10, Pygmalion abhors all women after witnessing how Propoetides prostitutes. However, he decided to form a female statue and fell in love with it. His feelings and focus were not normal, for he liked an inanimate sculptures. The other impact of change is that it results in shifting identities for people and gods who displease powerful forces. In the poem, Lycaon is a beastly king who tries to test the authenticity of Jove by offering him human flesh. In response, Jove turns this earthly ruler into a terrified wolf that has no option but to run. However, in book 1, Ovid notes that even as a wild animal, he still has “the same fierce face, the same red eyes, a picture” (Ovid, lines 233-240). Lycaon lost his position within the human kingdom, but the soul remained wicked. Lycaon’s present state still reflects the character that he had despite the fact that his physical form changed to that of a wolf. The last book of the epic depicts the transmigration of the soul, which results in changes in the physical forms such as the body. Human beings in the poem are killed or die from natural death, but their soul goes beyond the grave. Also, to withstand tyrannical authorities, some people decided to sacrifice their bodies, which are mortal. In book 13, the Trojan Princess, Polyxena, chooses to sacrifice her physical freedom at Achilles’s tomb (Ovid, lines 453-480). In that state, she is secure from future ills and struggles of being under an unjust reign. The result is that the mortal is freed from the pains of this world; they also cannot reside in the natural earth without a body. In conclusion, Ovid’s Metamorphoses contains significant transformation but maintains continuity in that the reader can easily understand the impact of every change. Right from the title, the poet announces this central theme of transformation for each of the mythical narrations in the 15 books. There are seasonal differences from the golden age to the iron age which cause the state of man to depreciate from serene to a chaotic, violent, and toilful world. Failed romantic relationships and lust make the mortals and immortals change their form as a defense mechanism. There are also multiple instances where the identity of a being shifts either voluntarily or by default, but the soul remains constant even in different states. Work Cited Ovid. Metamorphoses (Norton Critical Editions) . W. W. Norton & Company, 2010.
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Economic Growth & Developing Countries Essay Strengthening and modernizing intellectual property administration system related to patents, trademarks, copyright, etc., which includes patent information services, trademarks registration, and patent offices, and the enforcement of copyright law in developing countries and awareness/training programs in this respect will benefit the scientific and industrial communities in developing countries which in turn will increase the growth rate of the economy. Sponsorship of trademarks will help the general public identifying the owner of goods in the market as also the availability of goods and services in the market and can protect people against false practices. Government subsidies in basic science will help reduce the cost of research and the development of new products. This would encourage the budding entrepreneurs in the country to come up with innovative products and designs that can succeed in the marketplace. If the government actively monitors the business cycle of these home-grown industries by keeping barriers of entry and regulation of import these industries can survive better in the global marketplace and improve the GDP of the country. The development of infrastructures, science, and R&D is important for the economic growth of a country. Government has to allow the flow of scientific datasets. As noted by Reichman and Samuelson “basic science needs abundant, unrestricted flows of raw data at prices it can afford. The evidence suggests, indeed, that “efficient” use of data is a concept antithetical to basic science”. (Reichman and Samuelson 1997). The business cycle or economic cycle refers to the fluctuations of economic activity about its long-term growth trend, and in other terms is the rise and fall of the economy, maintaining neutrality between supply and demand. The Government plays an important role and can influence expansions and contraction of the business cycle by alteration in the monetary and fiscal policy, by increasing the interest rates it can reduce the economic activity, and when the government wishes to stimulate economic activity, it can do so by reducing interest rates. A rise in the government budget deficit stimulates economic activity, whereas a decreasing deficit controls it. The government could curb a recession by either increasing or decreasing taxes or by government spending. When the economy is stagnant or in recession the government can intervene by injecting funds into the market through any of the sectors. Thus government intervention in the business cycle can help economic growth in a developing country. The savings ratio of a developing country has a direct impact on that country’s growth rate. An increase in savings will lead to an increase in investment and capital accumulation. Apart from taxations and insurance contributions and the like, savings are necessarily a voluntary action by individuals and companies. For savings to happen they should have the capacity to save. And if they have the capacity, they should also have the willingness to save. The capacity to save depends on how much a person earns (per capita income), what is the growth rate of that income, and how this income is consumed (distribution of income). The willingness to save depends on the returns that a person can expect (rate of interest etc.), the access and availability of financial institutions, and range of investment opportunities, and the rate of inflation. Among the developing countries themselves, different patterns are emerging as far as per capita saving is concerned. In theory, however, countries with higher growth rates are expected to have higher personal savings ratios than countries with lower growth rates. The saving tendency in people gets into positive ratio only during their active, working life. In their youth and the retirement period, they are negative savings. This means that the savings ratio will then tend to rise with the rate of growth of income. This is mainly because the higher the growth rate, the greater the gap between the target levels of consumption of the current generation of working households and the dis-saving of retired people from a less prosperous generation. To improve the savings level of individuals in developing countries a combination of all these factors has to happen. The habit of saving has to be cultivated with a broad level of awareness. The income/expense ratio should increase so that they have some left for saving. The government could influence the consumption expenses by subsidizing the necessities. The poor also need to be informed and awareness has to be spread regarding the interest rates and the availability of various savings schemes.
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Would Be War in the Future Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. There Will Be No War in the Future 3. Different Viewpoints 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction After the collapse of USSR, the world of two super powers ceased to exist. At present, scholars agree that the future of the world is multipolar, i.e. the world will be divided into several superpowers effectively cooperating with each other. Though, it is necessary to note that some scholars are less optimistic and stress that conflicts will still occur in the future and those conflicts can even lead to wars. At the same time, many scholars admit that there can be conflicts but they will not cause wars. Adam Roberts, Robert Jervis, and John Ikenberry agree that wars are unlikely to happen in the future due to the development of a new world order, though the researchers have different views on the future world order. There Will Be No War in the Future First, it is necessary to stress that the researchers believe that there will be a community of states cooperating efficiently. The community will have certain charts or sets of rules. These rules will regulate the states’ activities and policies. The researchers agree that the very existence of such a community will ensure peace as all the states will share similar values (Art & Jervis 373). The states are likely to strive for the good of all. Admittedly, there can be certain conflicts within the community. However, the conflicts will not lead to wars as the states will find different solutions. The community ensures that the states are interested in peaceful solutions rather than wars which will be equally detrimental for all members of the community. It is also necessary to note that the researchers agree that the world will be multipolar. Therefore, the researchers rely on the hierarchy used in the power transition theory. The community will still have certain traits of hierarchy. Dominant states will have more power while small powers will have to follow the rules created by the former. Different Viewpoints As has been mentioned above, the researchers agree that there will be a community of states existing in terms of new world order. Thus, Roberts notes that conflicts will be present as dominant powers will strive for more power due to their economic and social stability (Art & Jervis 376). The researcher also claims that ethnic issues will still be burning and can threaten the existence of the community and the peace in the world. Ikenberry is more optimistic about the future as the researcher believes that international institutions will ensure peace in the world. The researcher claims that institutions can help states cooperate effectively and achieve a certain balance. Remarkably, the researcher also stresses that these institutions can enable states to gain more power as well as achieve internal stability (Art & Jervis 386). The researcher notes that international institutions will also be effective in preventing conflicts as members of those institutions will have similar goals and will understand possible threats to their peaceful future. Jervis is also very optimistic about the future as the researcher claims that the major reason for wars is anarchy in the world. The existence of the community ensures balance in the world (Art & Jervis 547). Admittedly, there will be certain conflicts or tension between the members of the community. Nonetheless, such conflicts will not lead to wars. Conclusion On balance, it is possible to note that existing international institutions can be regarded as an illustration of the effective cooperation of different states. The global community is possible and it can help people avoid military conflicts in the future. Though, it is necessary to remember that some conflicts will never cease to exist. References Art, Robert J., and Robert Jervis, eds. International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues. Boston: Longman, 2011. Print.
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Childhood Obesity’ and Poor Health Indicators’ Connection Research Paper Childhood obesity has become an important health and social problem in the 21 st century. Today, there are many children experiencing obesity-related complications, than ever before in the history of mankind (Kopelman, 2005, p. 493). In America for example, it is estimated that, the prevalence of childhood obesity has tripled over the past two decades, with recent statistics showing the prevalence rate of childhood obesity at 28% (Neighmond, 2000, p. 1). This statistic is very high, as compared to previous years. More so, this trend has been brought by a change in lifestyle. Due to the adverse health effects of childhood obesity on a child’s health, this study focuses on the topic “childhood obesity” because of its expansiveness and its impact on childhood health. Moreover, there has been a constant increase in prevalence of childhood obesity in the country and experts all over, are registering their concerns over this trend as well. Refinement and Limits of the Topic of Discussion The topic of childhood obesity is very expansive and is often, marred by a lot of controversy regarding the extent to which it affects childhood growth and development (Ebbeling, 2002, p. 473). This study focuses on childhood obesity as a unique health factor in childhood development and seeks to exclude other factors associated with the pandemic, such as obesity statistics, causes, health implications and such like factors. More importantly, this study focuses on childhood obesity as a unique segment in health circles and fails to include other factors relating to obesity in general, or factors associated with adult obesity. To properly refine the research data to be included in this study, I will only focus on determining the extent to which childhood obesity affects childhood wellbeing. Since this topic is particular to childhood health, this study will only focus on the physiological and psychological factors regarding the wellbeing of a child, which are affected by childhood obesity. This aspect of childhood obesity is the specific claim to be argued in this topic. This fact is further explained below. Topic Argument There are numerous studies and literature excerpts which have asserted that, childhood obesity has a profound effect on a child’s health and psychology. Specifically, emotional impairment and psychological difficulties have been cited as the primary health effects of childhood obesity. Other studies focus on health-related complications, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiac diseases and the likes, as examples of the various health-related complications brought about by childhood obesity (Great Britain Parliament House of Commons Health Committee, 2004). More so, many of these studies have focused a lot on the causes of childhood obesity such as genetics, lifestyle factors, diets, home environments, medical illnesses, psychological factors and the likes (Cornette, 2008, p. 136). However many of these studies have failed to expose the degree to which childhood obesity affects the health or general wellbeing of a child. This is the focus of this study. From this understanding, this study will focus on the extent to which childhood obesity affects the growth and development of children, with a much detailed focus on qualitative factors affecting childhood growth and childhood obesity. In other words, this study will try to establish the extent to which childhood obesity impact a child’s health. Focus will be directed to the nature of the relationship between childhood obesity and poor health indicators, with a possibility of a strong relationship between childhood obesity or a weak relationship of the same variables. This analysis will constitute the argument of this study. References Cornette, R. (2008). The emotional impact of obesity on children. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 5(3), 136–41. Ebbeling, C. (2002). Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. Lancet , 360(9331), 473–82. Great Britain Parliament House of Commons Health Committee (2004). Obesity – Volume 1 – HCP 23-I, Third Report of session 2003-04. Report, together with formal minutes . London, UK: TSO (The Stationery Office). Kopelman, P. (2005). Clinical obesity in adults and children: in Adults and Children . London: Blackwell Publishing: p. 493. Neighmond, P. (2000) U.S. Childhood Obesity Rates Level Off . Web.
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Jack Worthing, as the Image of Englishman of Victorian Epoch, in The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde Essay Introduction The Importance of Being Earnest is the famous play by Oscar Wilde, an outstanding English play-writer. The play was highly appreciated by the public and reviewers. Due to its involved plot and a good sense of humor, the play continues to attract a numerous audience at the theatres all over the world. The aim of this essay is to analyze Jack Worthing, one of the main characters of the play, which the author represented as the typical wealthy Englishman of Victorian epoch. The Fabricated Story John Worthing is the young wealthy gentleman, the owner of a big country mansion. We first meet Jack, as his friends call him, at the London apartment of Algernon Moncrieff, Jack’s best friend. Both friends tired of their ordinary life and created the stories about themselves. Algernon says to Jack, “You have invented a very useful younger brother called Ernest, in order that you may be able to come up to town as often as you like. I have invented an invaluable permanent invalid called Bunbury, in order that I may be able to go down into the country whenever I choose” (Wilde n.pag.). Jack and Gwendolen At the time when the friends are talking how the things are and sneering at their life, Lady Braknell and Gwendolen, her beautiful daughter, enter the room. Jack and Gwendolen are in love with each other. However, she does not know his real story. Besides, she has always said that her dream is to marry a man named Ernest (Wilde n.pag.). Algernon says that the way Jack flirts with Gwendolen is “perfectly disgraceful and that it is almost as bad as the way Gwendolen flirts with him” (Wilde n.pag.). However, the fabricated story prevents Jack’s intention to marry Gwendolen. Lady Bracknell said that she will not give her daughter in marriage to someone without a family. Jack and Lady Bracknell Probably, the discussion of Lady Bracknell and Jack is one of the most interesting and amusing episodes in the play. From this discussion, we get to know that Jack is twenty-nine years old; he has “a country house with some land, attached to it, about fifteen hundred acres” and that he lost his parents and does not know a lot about them (Wilde n.pag.). Lady Bracknell also asked him about his political convictions. “Lady Bracknell. What are your politics? Jack. Well, I am afraid I really have none. I am a Liberal Unionist Lady Bracknell. Oh, they count as Tories. They dine with us. Or come in the evening, at any rate. ”(Wilde n.pag.). At the end of the play, the true stories of Jack and Algernon uncover. Nevertheless, Gwendolen agree to marry Jack. Incidentally, it turns out that Jack’s real name is John Ernest. The name was given to him after his father who he had never known. The Main Traits of the Character Witness, respectability and quick mind are the brightest traits of Jack’s character. Despite the conventionalities, Jack shows his good sense of humor and independent outlook. Although he created the false story about himself, he is hardly described as a dishonest man. We know from his dialogue with Lady Bracknell that he does not hide his views, though they are not in his favor sometimes. The idea to create a fabricated story about his life rather shows his desire to take a rest from the conventionalities of the haut monde. Conclusion In order to sum up all above mentioned, it should be said that Jack Worthing is one of the main characters of The Importance of Being Earnest play by Oscar Wilde. He represents the typical Englishman of upper social class of the Victorian epoch; his witness and cleverness make him one of the brightest male characters in Oscar Wilde’s drama. The independence of views characterizes him as a man not used to the conventionalities of the his time. Works Cited Wilde, Oscar 2006, The Importance of Being Earnest . Web.
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Liberty Challenged in the 19th-Century America Essay One of the most crucial topics in the historical development of the United States is slavery. The subject of slavery fostered long-term tensions between slave owners, who benefitted from slavery, and slavery opposition, who promoted human rights. The political division caused by slavery is regarded by many people as the primary cause of the Civil War that shaped the future of the United States (PBS). As the paper will show, slavery indeed had a significant effect on the development of the United States. One of the most important impacts of the issue of slavery was that it showed the inefficiency of the American government, ultimately leading to the Civil War. The Three-Fifths Compromise was among the main pieces of legislation that impacted the political climate in America surrounding the issue of slavery. It posed that three of every five slaves should be counted as people in evaluating the states’ total population. Due to this legislation, the Southern states were disproportionately represented in American politics. This meant that they could have a more significant influence on politics, presidency, and legislative decisions than the Northern states. As a result, the legislation shaped political decision-making in America in the upcoming years. Another important part of legislation related to the problem of slavery was the Missouri Compromise of 1820. It enabled the expansion of slavery in Missouri while declaring Maine a free state. The Missouri Compromise provided a legislative basis for the expansion of slavery in the Western territories, which was beneficial for the Southern slave owners. The legislation also supported the prolongation of slavery debates in the American government (“Effects of the Compromise”). Hence, it led to other pieces of legislation that contributed to political tensions in 19th century America. The Compromise of 1850 was also instrumental in the development of slavery as a political issue. This legislation supported slavery through the Fugitive Slave Law, which required slaves who fled to free states to be returned to their masters in slave states. It also restricted the rights of black people to legal defense, so even freed slaves could not tell their story and had to be returned to their masters based on white people’s suspicions. This impaired the position of black people throughout the country, both in free states and in slave states. The Kansas-Nebraska Act was one of the last turning points before the Civil war. The Act established popular sovereignty as a way of deciding the fate of territories in Kansas and Nebraska as a slave or free territories. The Act was probably one of the most important legal documents in the historical development of the United Staes. On the one hand, this piece of legislation resulted in the immediate escalation of tensions in America, leading to the events of Bleeding Kansas. On the other hand, the Act showed the futility of the government’s efforts to resolve the issue of slavery through politics and showed the inefficiency of the government. As a result of the Act, slavery gained even more prominence in politics and society, leading to increased social and political division. Shortly after the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision also had an impact on the social and political problem of slavery. The decision provided a judicial basis for the rejection of people of African ancestry as the citizens of the United States and impaired their prospective lives in the country. As a result, it caused the outrage of the Northern states and raised support for Abraham Lincoln as the future president of the United States (PBS Online). Hence, the Dred Scott Decision was instrumental in starting the chain of events that led to the South’s secession and the Civil War. One of the primary reasons as to why slavery was such a prominent issue was because it was and is incompatible with American political and economic systems. First of all, the American political system is based on the Constitution, which established the importance of people’s freedom. This makes slavery incompatible with the political ideology that contributed to the creation of America as a separate nation. Secondly, despite the short-term economic benefits of slavery, it hindered the economic development of the Southern states. According to Clegg, industrialization was driven by the use of paid labor rather than cheap slave labor because this prompted the development of labor-saving technologies (Clegg 298). Thirdly, slavery promoted economic inequality, thus restricting the capacity of a significant share of the population in business and trade. This was incompatible with the economic system of the United States, which required the growth of commerce and consumerism in order to develop further. Based on the analysis and examples provided in the paper, there were three primary drivers that contributed to the Civil War. Long-standing tensions between the Northern and Southern states on the issue of slavery and the inefficiency of compromises caused the escalation of violence. The legislations described above also showed the inadequacy of the political approaches applied in the United States. It was clear that a prominent solution was needed since numerous political compromises failed. Finally, the outrage following the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision contributed to violence and prompted the beginning of the Civil War. Works Cited Clegg, John J. “Capitalism and Slavery.” Critical Historical Studies , vol. 2, no. 2, 2015, pp. 281-304. “ Effects of the Compromise. ” Young American Republic . 2016. Web. PBS. “ Causes of the Civil War “. PBS History Detectives . 2014. Web. PBS Online. “ Dred Scott’s Fight for Freedom. ” PBS Resource Bank . n.d. Web.
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This skill is employed in conflicts/ situations where two or more individuals hold divergent positions. In this case, the negotiation skill is utilized in a joint decision-making process between two or more parties aimed at reaching a common ending. Each party attempts to reach a favorable outcome through exchanging offers and counter-offers (Lewicki, Saunders, and Barry, 2006, p.12). Most studies have identified two strategies that can be employed in negotiations. These are integrative and distributive strategies. The integrative strategy entails a situation whereby one party is engaged in an interest-based negotiation process with another while the distributive strategy involves one party taking a stern position on a certain situation during the process of negotiating with another (Lewicki et al., 2006, p.18). Additionally, the authors argue that there are three approaches to negotiations. These are soft, hard and principled negotiations. Soft negotiations involve an integrative interest-based negotiating approach while hard negotiations entail highly competitive positional negotiating approaches. On the other hand, principled approaches involve both soft and hard negotiation tactics. This essay entails the analysis of two articles in which the two negotiation strategies are employed in reaching a common outcome. It also gives a description of the negotiation process in each case. Finally, the essay compares and contrasts the approaches employed in the two strategies. The fate of Detroit’s Big 3 will trickle down locally By Bill Kirk The article entails a negotiation between the three CEOs of three auto Companies (Chrysler, Ford and General Motors) and the US government. The conflict/ situation that arises, in this case, is that the three Company bosses have formed a combined force in asking the government to offer them a bailout package (Kirk, 2008, par.2). The three individuals are representing the interests of many suppliers of small auto parts, auto dealers and many workers in the auto industry. They base their arguments on the fact that, if the three giants fail to obtain the loan, about 2-3 million jobs will be lost. They also cite the falling sales of other industries associated with the current situation in the auto industry. The approach used in this case is that of appealing to the government to come to the aid of its citizens. Saudi Oil Tanker Owners in Negotiations with Pirates (Update 1) This article involves negotiations between the owners of the oil tanker from Saudi Arabia and the Pirates that have captured the vessel off the coast of Somalia. The conflict that arises, in this case, is that the Pirates are demanding ransom money from the owners of the tanker in order to release it and its crew (Alexander and Krause-Jackson, 2008, par.2). The situation here is that one party has an upper hand over the other. The Pirates are involved in hard positional negotiations with the vessel owners considering the fact that they are holding hostage the crew members and the ship is carrying products worth millions of dollars. Discussions The two articles are similar in that negotiations are used by one party is asking the other for cash. Both cases involve one party holding the position that the other party must give in to their demands otherwise there will be consequences. Both parties employ counteroffers, conditions and requisites in negotiating. The difference between the two articles is that in the first one, the US government stands no chance of being forced into meeting the terms of the other parties while in the second one, the vessel owners can be coerced into meeting the Pirates’ demands. The arguments used by the three bosses are only possibilities and it is not guaranteed that they will happen in case the government fails to provide the loan. On the other hand, if the pirates threaten to kill the captives, they will actually do it if the ransom money is not paid. These negotiation strategies are useful in business, management and bargaining in that one party can employ any of the two in getting the other party to meet the demands perceived to be favorable for the prevailing conditions. Conclusion The essay has given a detailed analysis of two articles in which different approaches to negotiations have been employed. The similarities and differences between the two articles have also been given in this essay. It is worth noting that, a negotiation is a useful tool in business and management since it allows two parties holding divergent positions to reach a given favorable outcome through a joint decision-making process. Reference List Alexander, C., & Krause-Jackson, F. (2008). Saudi oil tanker owners in negotiations with pirates (Update 1) . Bloomberg L.P. Web. Kirk, B. (2008). Fate of Detroit’s Big 3 will trickle down locally . North Andover: EargleTribune.com. Web. Lewicki, R., Saunders, D., & Barry, B. (2006). Negotiation: readings, exercises, and cases (5 th ed.) . New York: McGraw Hill.
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High Performance Network Research Paper Table of Contents 1. The network 2. Problems 3. Solutions 4. References The network The current network comprising of category 5 cable could essentially be enhanced through technical upgrading of the infrastructure. Through the installation of a different cable quality, the entire system could become upgraded and increase the network speed. The system upgrade could include replacing the current cables with enhanced versions of network cables. Category 5 cable connections utilize a single pair of wires for carrying signals through the entire network. The availability of a single pair of cable would immensely enhance upgrading to the category 6A cable connection (Gast, 2005). This upgraded connection requires four twisted pairs of cable wires carrying the essential signals in the system. Intended upgrade would involve installation of three pairs to create the required four by the category 6A cable connection. Problems The category 5 cable connections have a limitation of the distance that can be covered. When expansion becomes necessary, repeaters can essentially be used to increase the length of the connection and network. These connection points however, become the weak points through which information can be lost (Breyer, 1999). Necessity arises to reduce the number of repeaters utilized within a network as a way of ensuring safety of the signals transmitted. By using the category 5 cable connection, the use of repeaters remains a fundamental application, because the maximum length for a cable is a hundred meters. Connections therefore, and as a result of this limitation remain imminent within the category 5 cable connections owing to this limitation. Solutions The bridging technique works efficiently in reducing the limitations present within the category networking systems. Bridging allows for the confinement of information in a single network, and in turn significantly reduces the effects of creating joints using repeaters within the network. The technique does not disseminate information by categorizing the sources; it instead combines all information contained into a single network. The technique connects several network segments into a single channel of transmitting information. The technique could be applied with upgraded networking systems. The length of the network could be enhanced through the utilization of fiber optic technology. This could essentially be increased up to any desired length while increasing the speed of information transmission. Category 6A cable allows for high frequency performance using the noise reduction capability presented by the insulation. Using the category 6A cables could increase the speed of network significantly. However, the thickness of the cables utilized could involve implementing numerous changes in the infrastructure. Several connectors cannot require unique modular pieces when fitting into category 6A cable connections (Gast, 2005), as this could significantly increase the costs involved in upgrading the network cabling. The category 6A cables have the capability to run high frequency at lengths surpassing 100 meters. This category of cables possesses the ability to carry a frequency of up-to 500 MHz – more than four times the capability the current category 5 cables. Enhancement into high frequency network would involve addition of three extra cable pairs. This would upgrade the network into a 1000BASE-T connection. This method of upgrading would involve little amendments into the current infrastructure while enhancing performance (Breyer, 1999). The costs involved in such an upgrade would be significantly low hence, this would be a cost effective way of ensuring improved performance. Installation of a new infrastructure system would also have significant impacts on budgetary allocation of the company. References Breyer, R. (1999). Switched, fast, and gigabit Ethernet. London: MacMillan Technical Publishers. Gast, M. (2005). 802.11 Wireless Networks: The Definitive Guide 2nd edition. Sebastopol: O’Reilly Media.
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LECO Company Strategic Vision Essay Table of Contents 1. Customer value 2. Demographics 3. Implementation 4. Works Cited Customer value Distinguishing marks of successful business enterprises calls upon managers to identify and incorporate the four components identified by (Potter 332) as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (Porter 332). These four components were the key concepts upon which LECO based its core competencies in terms of customer value, demographics, and unique implementation. The entrepreneurial spirit that characterized LECO’s executives proved a success in the face of the bold, entrepreneurial, risk taking, managers. According to Afuah (120) this, in addition to other strategic management and marketing skills gained the company a strategic position. Customer value distinguished the company amid a competitive business environment invested with tough competition from interested business organizations. Inclusive of the unique products introduced in the market were the 7-inch plastic extraterrestrial figures in addition to other products such as LECO mind storms; a product developed after many years of research in one of the prestigious universities renown for technological inventions MIT (Porter 334). In addition (Porter 333) highlights the strategic value components the company integrated for maintaining and attracting a large market share. Afuah (200) sees the most important characterizing elements in the company’s vision as product characteristics with unisex outlook for all ages with the opportunity for all year round use and maintaining quality in its products (Porter 333). Demographics Core competence components included the organization’s ability to integrate demographics as a strategy. The risk taking managers tailored the company’s products and introduced a variety of them in the market specifically targeting children of different age groups by tailoring these products according to their needs. This fact is clearly identified in (Porter 333) of the case study. The products ranged from T-shirts, puzzles, comic books, uniquely differentiated and strategically tailored for the purpose of attracting customers’ attention and maintaining the customers with a variety of product offerings. (Porter 333) identifies LECO’s strategic vision, to “Nurture the child in each of us”. These characteristics in children impressed the business executives to creatively tailor some products famously known after the name “LECO system of play” (Porter 333) for children. The clever business managers were able to reach adults and persuasively convince them of the inherent value of their products. Another business strategy was the significant demographic component and ability to identify and create products for children in the range of 5 years to 12 years (Porter 335). This unique component made business executive Counted Company profits in a satisfying endeavor by raking in huge returns in the form of profits (Porter 336). As the organization enjoyed rising profits and a bigger market share, another unique business component unfolded. This was the implementation strategy. Implementation This entrepreneurial component was the implementation strategy incorporated in the pursuit of the organization’s goals and objectives (Porter 335). The case study indicates that the company partnered with a variety of other market leads to remain strong and competitively assertively. These strategic partners included, electronic arts, the world’s leading interactive entertainment industry, Universal music for creating music for CD’s, Upper Deck, Nintendo, DC comics, and Walt Disney. These market players formed a strategic alliance that saw the business organization establish a market lead in the industry. Profit retention distinguished the organization’s ability by minimizing on expenditure. Financial growth and economic boom were experienced during the turbulent times as when America was at war. Bold decisions entrepreneurial spirit characterized the organization’s business managers identified in its risk taking business adventures (Porter 333). Works Cited Afuah, A. Business Models: A strategic Management Approach . University of Michigan ® McGraw-Hill Irwin Boston Burr Ridge, 2003. Porter, Michael. E. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. 1 st ed. Free Press, 1998.
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The effects of trauma on patients and counselors Research Paper Trauma is an emotional reaction to a terrible event like rape, earthquake, floods, and accidents among others (Schein, 2006). Traumatic events can be divided into three major subdivisions; man-made disasters, natural disasters, and violence, crime, and terrorism (Schein, 2006). This research paper will discuss the effects of trauma on patients and counselors. Traumatic events such as earthquake and rape shall also be discussed in this research paper. Earthquake is a natural disaster that has claimed many lives including the recent 2011 Japan earthquake. Earthquake causes destruction of properties, displacement of people, and deaths. Earthquake causes human suffering and devastation among the directly affected individuals. On the hand, rape is a form of violence and a form of psychological trauma (Baum and Contrada, 2009). In most cases, rape victims incur disturbance of emotions, physical, cognitive, and interpersonal characteristics (Schein, 2006). Rape victims experience Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS), which occurs immediately and months or years after the event (Baum and Contrada, 2009). Generally, traumatic events have major heath effects to the directly and indirectly affected people. However, how we process emotions after such traumatic events is distinctive to different people. Most victims develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder especially when they loose family members or friends. Indirectly affected people face acute stress after reading or watching traumatic events on the television and newspapers. Children are most affected because they develop phobias (Schein, 2006). In case natural disaster like floods or earthquake, the survivors may have distressing dreams while children become excessively frightened. Individuals have illusions, hallucinations, and they experience flashbacks (Baum and Contrada, 2009). The victims are unable to have loving feelings, they feel detached from others, and they experience a sense of foreshortened future because they do not have ambitions any more (Schein, 2006). Some of the most persistent symptoms may occur and the victims cannot concentrate, become angry, and experience sleepless nights (Baum and Contrada, 2009). At this point, a counselor may help the victim to overcome the traumatic event. Counselors play the following role. First, counselors make the victims recollect the traumatic events by providing an environment for the victim to share their experience in an honest manner and this is the first step towards healing (Thompson, 2003). Secondly, counselors help the survivor to make decisions about their future based on past and present situation. The counselor also helps the victim to interpret what they are going through since it is the counselor’s responsibility to clarify what the survivor is experiencing without interrogating the victim (Thompson, 2003). As such, a counselor must give the victim time to rest to enable recollection of thoughts. Finally, counselors provide an appropriate solution concerning the traumatic event. In case of an earthquake, the counselor helps the victim to understand that the event did not happen because of their fault (Thompson, 2003). The survivors of the earthquake have to understand that they still have a bright future. The counselors also assist the victim to acquire an emergency shelter in case of displacement. Moreover, the counselor helps the victims come to terms with losing their loved ones by creating an environment to grieve. In addition, the counselor helps the victims to accept what has happened to them in order to start a new life. In case of rape, the counselor should explain to the victim that they did not do anything to warrant what happened. As such, the counselor helps the victim understand that not all men are going to rape them. This will help the victim to trust other men. Massive disasters such as floods and tsunami cause vicarious reaction (Schein, 2006). The victims of such events experience anxiety and depression among other emotions including shock, anger, nightmares, grief, and confusion. In such as situation, the victims should go to seek counseling services. Notably, after and during counseling session most counselors experience secondary traumas such as anger, stress and other post-traumatic stress (Thompson, 2003). According to Thompson (2003), counselors with large numbers of victims experience disrupted beliefs and work related stress. Generally, counselors who work with survivors of traumas have increased chances of experiencing change in the psychological functioning (Thompson, 2003). The counselors may experience horrors, guilt, rage, grief, and may even lead to burnout (Pearlman and MacIan, 1995). At some point, the relationship between the counselor and victim may be affected. Due to secondary traumas, the counselors may say things that the victim may not be ready to hear. To overcome secondary traumas, the counselors should do the following. Counselors should attend seminars to be educated concerning potential dangers of dealing with victims of trauma events (Pearlman and MacIan, 1995). Secondly, affected counselors should go for training on the signs of secondary traumatic stress and treatment techniques (Thompson, 2003). To solve this, special training should be offered to counselors on how to avoid secondary traumatic stress and other related symptoms. It is also important to educate the student counselors on the nature of their job and potential dangers before they become counselors. In summary, traumatic events have adverse effects to both the client and the counselor. To reduce such cases advanced training is required to all counselors enable them help primary victim and become aware of their emotional state to help in dealing with secondary stress (Pearlman and MacIan, 1995). Reference List Baum, A., & Contrada, R. (2009). The Handbook of Stress Science: Biology, Psychology, and Health . New York: Springer Publishing Company. Pearlman, L., & MacIan, P. (1995). Vicarious traumatization: An empirical study of the effects of trauma work on trauma therapists. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26 , 558-565. Schein, L. (2006). Psychological effects of catastrophic disasters: group approaches to treatment . New York: Routledge. Thompson, R. (2003). Counseling techniques: improving relationships with others, ourselves, our families, and our environment . Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
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The Impact of Global and Regional Conflicts on Infrastructure in the US Essay Critical infrastructure sectors (CIS) are assets and systems needed by the government to ensure the proper functioning of the economy and society. The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) defined 16 critical sectors, among which healthcare, food, commercial facilities, nuclear, energy, and government facilities are the most important ones (CISA, 2020). In general, the failure or destruction of every facility from this list may have an adverse impact on public health, security, and the US economy. Global and regional conflicts always have the potential to endanger some critical sectors by terroristic attacks, means of war, and sabotage. International cooperation plays an essential role in fostering the efficiency of national security measures. In order to deal with cybercrimes involving CIS, states developed such treaties as Budapest Convention on Cybercrime written by the Council of Europe, which aims at improving law enforcement collaboration on cybercrimes to avoid stealing of information, money, and disruption of operations (Fidler, 2016). The convention encourages the prohibition of actions required to undertake modern cyber attacks by national law that should be harmonized. Countries very often use mutual legal assistance treaties (MLATs) and extradition agreements to facilitate information exchange in criminal issues. The International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombings is an example of an international agreement that outlaws terrorist actions and improves mutual judicial and police cooperation. International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism enhances collaboration in preventing and prosecuting threats of nuclear terrorism (Fidler, 2016). International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism and Convention on the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Relating to International Civil Aviation are among the 19 universal anti-terrorism instruments that prevent terrorist attacks worldwide. Moreover, the National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP) includes tools that allow international cooperation with partners to protect such vital sectors as information technology, communications, and energy. The establishment of Critical Five in 2012 that consists of the UK, US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, helps to improve critical infrastructure security in the region and enhances the cross-border approach. The US-Canada cooperation is also crucial as it develops resilience and CIS security of both countries. References CISA (2020). Identifying critical infrastructure during Covid-19 . Web. Fidler, D. P. (2016). Cyberspace, terrorism and international law. Journal of Conflict and Security Law , 21 (3), 475-493.
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American Dream in Cather’s “Paul’s Case” and Faulkner’s “Barn Burning” Essay “We are living in a material world”, says the famous line from Madonna’s song “Material Girl”. Materialistic pursuits as the basis of the western way of living and the American Dream seem to be discussed everywhere throughout the whole course of art and culture. In this vein, the theme of pursuing the American Dream and materialism which is so important in western culture is often addressed in the works of American literature. The two stories “Paul’s Case” by Willa Cather and “Barn Burning” by William Faulkner can be acclaimed as a thought-provoking address to the theme of the American Dream pursued. Generally, the two pieces of literature discuss the American Dream-related matters from a rather similar angle of negative overtone and harmful effects on the lives of those who strive to acquire money by all means possible. First of all, speaking about the ways the main characters pursue the American Dream in the two short stories under consideration, it should be stated that there exist many differences between their approaches. The two young men belong to families of different social backgrounds. Paul, from Cather’s short story, is a representative of the middle class with more opportunities and chances in his life, whereas Sarty, from Faulkner’s “Barn Burning”, belongs to the lowest class of very few opportunities and the destiny to work, work and work until some power to do so is still left (Bert Hitchcock and Virginia Kouidis 330). The two young men have different life situations differently affecting their plans for the future. Paul is offered a chance to pursue the American Dream and gain huge material riches as a result of hard work in the area of business, for example. His family is secure economically which offers the young man a wonderful opportunity to acquire brilliant education enabling him to become a business shark, for example, to become rich. Unfortunately, for Sarty there are no such smiles of a destiny. Since his childhood, the boy has to work hard to survive and not to die of hunger. Both his father and his mother are working people of very little means. What is more upsetting, their little means are becoming even more modest with the duration of time (Hitchcock and Kouidis 337, 339, 342). Evaluating the two ways of pursuing the American Dream by the two young people, it should be stated that they are both unsuccessful, and more than this, in Paul’s case, are not even acceptable. Firstly, both concepts are unsuccessful as none of them will lead to the final point of gaining riches. They will not even bring their bearers to the middle of this road. Paul’s concept with his stolen money as the beginning of his road is disastrous. The young man spends his money, and being in the corner, he must kill himself as there is no way back for him (Hitchcock and Kouidis 275). Reproach and shame make their terrible contribution to his decision to kill himself. Thus, this concept is a failure, breakdown, and collapse from the very beginning of the corroding practice of stealing. In Sarty’s case, his original situation and lack of any other opportunities but for hard physical labor is the very reason for the breakdown. Only commercial and business pathways bring people to the ultimate point of gaining riches, but Sarty has no commercial beginning in his character. Secondly, Paul’s concept is even unacceptable because it lies on the criminal and dishonest foundation. Such a dirty foundation is a curse. No one can have long-lasting success on the other person’s grief. Paul had to pay for his great mistake by his own life. Discussing the paths these characters took, it appears that both are false and misleading. Paul, with his laziness and dishonesty, is not accustomed to being a diligent worker, the one who knows what discipline is, the one who knows how to set goals and where to find means for achieving these goals. He is a dreamer, but he is not a doer of his dreams. Such people’s paths often end up with failure or even a disaster. Sarty, though honest and hardworking, is poor and unindustrialized. He is a worker from a family of workers able to do nothing more but work hard with his hands. However, the American Dream and the fortune it goes foot in foot, love people of wisdom, of mind, of entrepreneur nature. They have nothing in common with people of physical labor. As a result, there is no chance for Sarty. Concluding on the above-discussed information, it appears that the examples of the two young men’s pursuits for riches and prosperity shown in Willa Cather’s “Paul’s Case” and William Faulkner’s “Barn Burning” help to understand that choosing a wrong way one will never get to the desired destination. Evaluating Paul’s example, it appears that his path took its beginning in an unlawful place (he stole his initial capital). He also never worked hard to get ready for this path. He was lazy, he never wanted to study. How would that be possible for such a young man to attract fortune? No way pursuing the American Dream could work for him successfully. In Sarty’s case, the situation was also too complicated. He possessed some important inner qualities for success such as a diligent spirit and honesty, but his origin and way of thinking developed in it were against him. Works Cited Hitchcock, Bert, and Virginia Kouidis. American Short Stories (8 th ed.), The United Kingdom: Pearson Longman, 2007. Print.
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The End of the Sula Novel by Toni Morrison Essay Sula is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison, written in 1973. It is an African American literary fiction that reveals deep concepts of love, morality, and moral principles. The novel has some symbolic elements through which the author reveals one’s outlook on life. A characteristic feature of the novel is duality in some aspects; for example, some die from drowning and some from a fire. Due to such techniques, Toni Morrison was able to accomplish the novel’s purpose of conveying the duality of the world. The double structure of the novel, along with its end, symbolizes the optimistic aspect due to the representation of sincerity, important values of life, and the deep meaning of the “circles of sorrow”. One may notice the representation of the duality of the world, namely good and evil, and at the end of the novel, despite all the previous events, the sincere impulse of Sula’s friend formulates a culmination. Thus, one may notice a strong Nel’s reaction: “It was a fine cry—loud and long—but it had no bottom, and it had no top, just circles and circles of sorrow” (Morrison, 79). Namely, this event implies Nel’s duality of emotions, since all the time, the hero seemed to miss Jude, Nel’s husband. However, in a burst of sincere sadness at the end of the novel, Nel realizes that the melancholy is caused by the time spent without Sula. Just like all the citizens of the city, that would seem that they hate Sula. However, no one realized that the heroine was the reason for their solidarity. Duality is also represented in the novel’s symbol, namely the mole above Sula’s eye. The change in the mole’s appearance symbolizes the heroine’s maturity and the gradual rejection of social conventions. In turn, it is also the opposite feature of Nel’s character, which accepts all the norms. Further, there was an ambivalent perception of the mole by different characters: Nel thought it was a rose, representing love, feminine beauty, and friendship. Jude perceived it as deceit and seduction, that is, dual and opposite to Nel. Thus, the author was able to express the ambiguity of the world and material and non-material things. In addition, Toni Morison was able to immerse the reader in the idea that the perception of things largely depends on how one sees them. The duality of the novel also characterizes the end of the book, which at first glance seems tragic. The heroine’s death, sadness, tears, and depressive impulse do not seem to belong to an optimistic perception. However, the author’s main motive was to display a ray of light in the form of a sincere outburst of love and friendship through Nel’s sadness. This formulates the circles of sadness: the first, implicit, displayed in the entire storyline. Namely, all the negative events and the environment of the heroes: connection with husbands, difficult living conditions, and the murder of children by the mother. Finally, the second obvious circle of sadness symbolizes the main aspects of human life, namely sincerity, self-sacrifice, love, and friendship. All this was expressed in a small but main part of the novel, namely in the final impulse of Nel. The ambiguity and depth of the essence of Toni Morrison’s novel can also be seen by analyzing the criticism of the book. Thus, at first glance, it seems that the plot describes the impact of betrayal on the friendship of two African American women, but the author does not stop there (Nittle, 56). The novel makes one think about what makes a person good or bad and where the line between these concepts lies (Nittle, 56). It formulates the vagueness of the boundaries between the basic concepts of morality and life, which gives the reader additional space for analysis. In addition, it also symbolizes the ambiguity of the perception of the ending of the novel. As already indicated, it may seem to one that the ending cannot be interpreted otherwise than as pessimistic. However, given the deeper dimension of the concepts of good and bad, joy and sadness, one may notice an optimistic factor expressed in sincere outbursts. Different perspectives of the perception of the novel are also indicated in the context of displaying different cruel scenes, for example, the murder of a child by a mother. The polyphonic nature of Morrison’s narrative should be analyzed through different perspectives, both in Sula and Beloved novels (Palladino, 26). This technique plays the role of a double element, expressing cruelty on the one hand and, on the other hand, being a powerful narrative item. The purpose of this is primarily to enhance the impression on the reader, as well as to make one notice the striking contrast of the plot elements. To conclude, one learned that due to the dual structure, the ending of the novel formulates an optimistic aspect to a greater extent. The ambiguous perception of symbols, such as Sula’s birthmark, as well as the perception of the heroine by the inhabitants of the city and other characters, represents a multi-level structure of life. Besides, Nel’s “circles of sadness” symbolize two factors, hidden, negative, and explicit, formulating sincerity and important moral and life values. Works Cited Morrison, Toni. Sula. Random House, 2014. Nittle, Nadra. Toni Morrison’s Spiritual Vision: Faith, Folktales, and Feminism in Her Life and Literature. Fortress Press, 2021. Palladino, Mariangela. Ethics and Aesthetics in Toni Morrison’s Fiction . BRILL, 2018
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Immigration Bill in US Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Positive Role of Immigrants 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction There exists various and varied reasons for a person to traverse a border illegally into a foreign territory or overstay their visa. Such a person goes by various titles including illegal immigrant or illegal alien, undocumented immigrant, and unauthorized immigrant (US Immigration Support, 2012). Commonly, the reasons given for such illegalities include the need to re unite with their families, running away from war or prospects of war, job seeking, seeking political asylum, and seeking for medical attention (Phil for Humanity, 2013). This essay seeks to prove that it is proper for such people to acquire citizenship in the United States of America through the passing of the pending immigration bill. Positive Role of Immigrants Immigrants have had a positive bearing on the economy of the United States of America. In other words, immigration leads to increase in wealth. This arises from the fact that the US has an economy that generates more than enough job opportunities for the Native Americans (Abraham & Hamilton, 2006). America has been able to maintain a competitive edge courtesy of immigrants. Immigrants play very significant roles in crucial fields related to science and engineering (Abraham & Hamilton, 2006). It is on record that half of those who sought admission for engineering graduate studies in the US were immigrants in 2004 (Abraham & Hamilton, 2006). The US has no option but to keep attracting and assisting immigrants to enrich the economy as they are always among the best and brightest in the face of tight competition by China and India (Abraham & Hamilton, 2006). Immigration enhances entrepreneurship because the probability of immigrants engaging in self-employment is quite high. For instance, the number of enterprises owned by people from Hispania “has grown at three times the national average” (Abraham & Hamilton, 2006). It is common knowledge that such establishments are bound to create employment to the population in America and this contributes to economic growth. In addition, “one quarter of Silicon Valley start-ups were established at least in part by immigrants, including Intel, Sun Microsystems, and Google” (Abraham & Hamilton, 2006). Dynamism is a prerequisite for any state that seeks to entrench itself in the global system. Immigration is one of the driving forces of this dynamism. This dynamism manifests in the types of food taken in America, forms and places of worship, entertainment as well as sports (Abraham & Hamilton, 2006). Immigrants have excelled in areas like estate management, theatre and military service to name but a few (Abraham & Hamilton, 2006). Conclusion The pending immigration bill is very significant. Having seen how useful the immigrants are and can be to the welfare of the US, it is up to the government to push the bill into law so that their contributions to the economy becomes formal and enhanced (Moffet, 2013). The immigrants will pay taxes once they become legal citizens and will thus contribute to government revenue. As long as they remain illegal, they continue evading taxes for fear of arrest and prosecution yet they continue enjoying the government resources. Most of them are knowledgeable and have skills that can assist in the economical growth of America. It would be very costly to deport such a huge number of illegal immigrants currently estimated at 11 million people. Integrating them would be more beneficial to the United States of America. References Abraham, S., and Hamilton, L. (2006). Immigration and America’s Future: A New Chapter . Migration Policy Institute. pp.3-12. Web. Moffet, D. (2013). New Immigrants Assimilating Into U.S. Society. Web. Phil for Humanity. (2013). Illegal Immigration . Web. US Immigration Support. (2012). Illegal Immigration . Web.
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Bacterial Cells and Choice of Antimicrobial Agents Essay (Critical Writing) Bacteria are generally classified as gram positive or gram negative bacteria based on how they respond to use of dyes (Gram Stain) used in staining in the process of identifying them. Gram positive bacteria have the outer region of their cell wall made of peptidoglycan and the innermost region made up plasma membrane. Peptidoglycan is very prominent among the prokaryotic bacteria. It guarantees them the rigid structure. It is made up of a compound N-acetyl glucosamine (NAD) and N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM). This compounds interlock with each other. Peptidoglycan makes up 90% of the entire composition of the gram positive bacteria cell wall. Gram negative bacteria cell wall is made up of the outer membrane, the peptidoglycan, and the plasma membrane. Peptidoglycan in gram negative bacteria makes only 5 % of the entire composition of the cell wall. The outer membrane in gram negative bacteria is made up of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The outer membrane is less permeable unlike that in gram positive bacteria. Peptidoglycan in gram negative bacteria unlike in gram positive bacteria is sandwiched between the outer region of the wall and the plasma membrane. Periplasm, a space between plasma membrane and cell wall helps in controlling substances that get into and out of the cell (Cowan and Talaro, 2008, p.12). This essay seeks to critically look at how the composition of the bacterial cell composition determines the type of antimicrobial agent used against it. Linking of the interpeptides and the peptidoglycan is gravely impaired by the activities of penicillin and cephalosporin. However, the lipopolysaccharides make it extremely difficult for the antimicrobial agents to reach the peptidoglycan of the gram negative bacteria. Penicillin and cephalosporin effectively act on gram positive bacteria because they do not have LPS, hence direct access of the antimicrobial agents to the peptidoglycan. Activities of penicillin and cephalosporin are greatly enhanced when the bacterial cell wall they are working on has weak cross-linkages of peptidoglycan. Beta-lactam antibiotics are normally used because they block the division of cyanobacteria, bacteria, glaucophytes photosynthetic organelles, and bryophyte chloroplasts. Interestingly, beta-lactam antibiotics cannot act on higher plants plastid. Beta lactam antibiotics have some structural similarity with the bacterial NAG and NAM cross linkages hence ease of mimicking. The NAG and NAM D-alanyl-D-alanine similarity to beta lactam make it possible for them to bind to penicillin binding protein (PBPs) active sites. The nucleus of the beta-lactam normally binds irreversibly to the acylates. Penicillin binding protein irreversible inhibition interferes with transpeptidation of gram positive nascent peptidoglycan layer thereby interfering with the synthesis of the cell walls. The presence of peptidoglycan precursors signals bacterial cell wall reorganization and consequently necessitates activation of hydrolases found in the autolytic cell wall. When the beta lactam inhibit cross linkages, the peptidoglycan precursors build up leading to digestion of peptidoglycan by enzyme autolytic hydrolases . This further enhances the activity of beta-lactam. However, bacteria can develop some resistance towards beta lactam by either producing enzyme beta-lactamase or enzyme penicillinase which renders the antibiotic useless by breaking the beta lactam ring. Polymyxins normally get inserted into the cell membranes where they act as detergents. They increase the permeability of the cell leading to its death. They work best against gram negative rods. Polymyxin B is very effective against P. aeruginosa and other gram negative bacteria that have bacillus shape (Pommerville, 2010 p. 556). Reference List 1. Cowan, M. and Talaro, K. (2008). Microbiology: A systems Approach . N.Y.: McGraw-Hill 2. Pommerville, J.C. (2010). Alcamo’s fundamentals of Microbiology: Body Systems . Ontario: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Print.
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The stakeholders have power over the organization’s products and services as well as the programs (Anon. Interoperability Clearinghouse Glossary of Terms , N.d). In this case, where we are going to consider the socio-technical system, the stakeholders include the FDA, operators, CMC, and the hospitals composing of the medical physicist, doctors among others. The stakeholder roles, responsibilities, and the relationships among them Considering the case of treatment, cancer treatment facilities are often found in big hospitals. The hospitals require people who would operate these facilities. If the facility is large, the supervisors of those who operate the machines will be required. More so, a minimum of one medical doctor will be required who is a specialist in cancer radiation therapy, and also, a medical physicist would be required to carry out the maintenance and checking up of the machine regularly. More so, other people such as secretaries, nurses, janitorial staff, and people to deal with billing among others are also needed. The operators are the people who are responsible for the administering of radiation therapy. The responsibility of the treating doctor is to prescribe and plan the treatment and also to carry out checkups on the patient’s health every week. The responsibility of the Linear Accelerator Operator is basically to see that the treatment that has been prescribed is done in the most appropriate way possible when the patient comes to be treated. Therefore, the operator is placed in the position of a production assistant since the schedule is put in place by others, ensuring that all the patients put in the schedule for treatment at a particular time get the treatment. More so, the operators bear responsibility to those people who have to be treated to carry out the operation of the machine in a safe way and to handle these people respectfully and with kindness (Anon. Linear Accelerator Operators , N.d). In the case where there is an occurrence of a significant error -in the process of the operation of the machine during treatment- and the operator is unable to handle this error, most hospitals have a medical physicist and this would have to be called to check the machine within the shortest time possible. In the case where the hospital does not have a physicist who works on a full-time basis, this service may be obtained on a contract basis (Anon. linear Accelerator Treatment Facilities , N.d). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)’s “Bureau of Medical Devices and Diagnostic Products” operated in conjunction with the “Medical Devices Amendments” of the year 1976. This was to make sure that medical devices were safe and effective in their use. The FDA had to approve the medical devices before they were to be released to the market to be purchased and be used. The responsibility of the FDA is to ensure the safety of the public as well as the safety of the users of the medical devices. In responding to the complaints about the use of any particular medical device, the FDA could ask for information from the makers of the device and require a report from them. It makes a declaration of the product as defective and requires a plan for the corrective measures. It then goes ahead to make a public recommendation, that the use of this faulty system on patients ceases going on, and then make a public recall (Anon. FDA , N.d). Conclusion The hospitals that run medical linear accelerators are very much concerned about legal responsibility for injury that can be caused on the patients since errors made in the course of treatment can bring about court cases. But it is for the good of the hospital itself to bring down the degree of errors to evade this threat of the court cases. The restarting of the treatment to the patients many times because errors have been brought about in the preceding treatments may cause the patient to totally lose confidence in the hospital and seek medical attention elsewhere where they might be contented with the treatment they acquire. In conclusion, the professionals in the medical field are in the business of treating people because they are qualified to carry out this since they have the skills and the knowledge. More so, these professionals are in this business since they are in for offering help to people. Therefore, the basic driving force that motivates professionals in the medical field is the welfare of the patients. Every stakeholder should carry out the duties and responsibilities in the most effective way to ensure there is smooth running of the activities to realize the main objective. Reference Anon. (N.d). Interoperability Clearinghouse Glossary of Terms . Web. Anon. (N.d). FDA . Web. Anon. (N.d). Linear Accelerator Operators . Web. Anon. (N.d). Linear Accelerator Treatment Facilities . Web.
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Researching of Muslim Stereotypes Essay There is a tendency in the media to misrepresent the values and behavior of the people of the Arab world and the Middle East. Rose (2016) argues that this is due to formed social attitudes, socio-cultural stereotypes, and prejudices. As a result, tension and negative attitudes toward Muslims exist in society. According to Fam (2021), a poll conducted ahead of the 9/11 anniversary found that 53% of Americans view Islam negatively, compared to 42% positively. The spread of Muslim stereotypes is facilitated by the incorrect portrayal of Arabs in the media. Shaheen (2003) notes that Arabs are portrayed as either bandits, a savage nomadic race, or Arab women as petty dancers serving evil, naive, and greedy Arab sheiks. One such example is the new version of Aladdin (2019), the release of which was accompanied by a characteristic cultural conflict: the authors were accused of caricatures of the East, racism, and Islamophobia. While Hollywood has wisely removed the overtly racist imagery present in the original, it has failed to rid itself of orientalism in the new version of the film. Thus, the new Aladdin still portrays the Middle East as backward, exotic, and violent. References Fam, M., Hajela, D., & Henao, L. A. (2021). Two decades after 9/11, Muslim Americans are still fighting bias. ABC News. Web. Rose, S. (2016). ‘ Death to the infidels!’ Why it’s time to fix Hollywood’s problem with Muslims . The Guardian. Web. Shaheen, J. G. (2003). Reel bad Arabs: How Hollywood vilifies a people. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 588 , 171-193. Web. Shohat, E., & Stam, R. (1994). The imperial imaginary . Web.
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The Civil Rights Case of Gregory v. City of Chicago Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Legal Question 3. The decision of the Court 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction The case was argued in December 1968 and determined in March 1969. The case originated from Dick Gregory, who organized a demonstration in Chicago in 1966. Protesters gathered to voice their displeasure with the city of Chicago’s policy of segregated public schools. The protesters marched to by then-Mayor Richard Daley’s (which was an all-white neighborhood). Even though the demonstration was peaceful, several of the mayor’s neighbors started to shout and hurl objects at the demonstrators. After the demonstrators refused to leave Chicago, police arrived and removed them. When petitioners, who were peaceful civil rights marchers, refused to disperse on orders from Chicago police, who expected civil disruption as a result of the onlookers’ disruptive behavior (Mantler, 2017), they were detained and convicted of disorderly conduct. The Illinois Supreme Court upheld the decision. Legal Question Mr. Chief Justice Warren gave the Court’s opinion that it was an easy case to understand. Petitions for desegregation of public schools marched from City Hall to the Mayor’s mansion with the assistance of Chicago police and an assistant city attorney in a calm and orderly parade. Even though the protesters and other demonstrators marched legally, the observers got more agitated as the crowd grew larger. To avoid civil unrest, the police in Chicago ordered the marchers to disperse or face arrest. Disobedient petitioners were taken into custody for disruptive behavior as a result (Mantler, 2017) of a peaceful and orderly march of petitioners. The court judgment implied that petitioners were convicted because they refused to disperse when asked to do so by police in Chicago. Petitions were prosecuted because they were held, not because they refused to obey an officer of the peace. The decision of the Court The conviction was reversed by the Supreme Court of the United States, which ruled unanimously. This was as a result of no evidence to back the petitioners’ convictions and there were no arrests because of a refusal to follow police command. The jury might be convicted of First Amendment violations by the trial judge’s allegation. California v. Stromberg If onlookers’ disorderly conduct causes a demonstration to be arrested, it amounts to a “heckler’s vote,” Justice Hugo Black stated in his concurring opinion (Mantler, 2017). As a second step, he looked into the history of the Bankruptcy Code. Section 362(a) added the “exercise control over property” language in 1984. Afterward, there was no explanation and no cross-reference to Section 452. (a). Congress had been expected to make a change to the legislation requiring any entity in possession of a debtor’s property to hand it up immediately under the pain of penalties for violating the automatic stay. For these reasons, Justice Alito concluded that Section 362 does not prohibit the mere maintenance of bankrupt estate property in section 362 (a). Sotomayor, on the other hand, concurred that non-payment of fines and penalties immediately became a huge financial burden for the city because of the penalties and late fees (Raghunandan, 2018). Bankruptcy was the only way to regain their cars, but the city refused to return them until their debt was paid or the bankruptcy proceedings were completed, a process that may take a long time (even for those with few assets). Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor called for a more comprehensive response to these problems from legislators and policymakers. Since our last update, only the Fulton case has been prosecuted, although several other notable death penalty judgments have been made since then. Since federal executions started six months ago, the government has executed 13 criminals, including Dustin Higgs. In an unseemly rush to put as many death row inmates to death as possible before the incoming administration stops executions, the Court has entered the fray. The Supreme Court granted a petition for certiorari before judgment and removed the district court’s stay of execution before the circuit court heard the argument in Higgs. Justice Sotomayor stated that the Federal Government had executed more individuals in the preceding six months than it did in the previous six decades (Trestman, 2017). And she called for an emergency appeal heard by the Court seeking fundamental questions about the Federal Death Penalty Act. However, a majority of the Court had frequently rejected detainees’ legitimate pleas for relief, even dropping stays of execution issued by lower courts (Trestman, 2017). This ensured that the inmates’ arguments would never be heard. Justice Sotomayor argued that the act was not right and executions should have been restarted cautiously by the federal government after almost two decades. Conclusion This is possible, but the burden it throws on this case is obvious: the necessity to anticipate disruption sources and to properly isolate those interests that should be and constitutionally may be protected by local legislation becomes higher than ever before. If you don’t know what you’re going to defend, it’s impossible to enact “narrowly drafted legislation” until you’ve already been assaulted. Protest in an urban location where communication is fast and public services are heavily centralized necessitates the need for forethought. The judgment favors the people of America in that the citizens have a right to express and demonstrate when fighting for their rights. References Mantler, G.K. (2017). “Organize the People”: The 1975 City Council Races in Multiracial Chicago. Journal of Civil and Human Rights , 3 (2), 1. Web. Raghunandan, A. (2018). Are Non-Financial and Financial Misconduct Complements?: Evidence From Federal Agency Penalties. SSRN Electronic Journal . Web. Trestman, M. (2017). Women Advocates before the Supreme Court, from October Term 1880 through December 2016. Journal of Supreme Court History , 42 (2), 209–211. Web.
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Fight on then by the ships together. He who among you finds by spear thrown or spear thrust his death and destiny, let him die. He has no dishonour when he dies defending his country, for then his wife shall be saved and his children afterwards, and his house and property shall not be damaged, if the Achaians must go away with their ships to the beloved land of their fathers. (Lattimore, the Iliad of Homer , 490-499) Ancient Greek myths are a reflection of the culture and moral principles that existed at that time. Despite bloody wars and violent conflicts, literary works also show interpersonal relationships based on love and respect. The Iliad is a legendary book that describes Achilles’ wrath and a quarrel with Agamemnon. Further social and divine separation shows people’s commitment to their communities and faith. This passage was chosen because it reveals the core of the ancient world’s culture and the moral rules of the time. It shows that death in the name of the welfare of loved ones, preservation of material values, and protecting the native land is not dishonorable. Social traditions, religion, and family relationships characterize the well-being of communities. Ancient Greece is associated with violent games, wars, and idols who participate in people’s lives. Nevertheless, ancient Greek mythology allows one to analyze the actual reasons for adherence to the supernatural and what role fate plays in everyday activities. It is worth noting that the Iliad demonstrates people’s belief that their public, private, and career lives are god-determined, and no one can interfere with this process. This passage shows Zeus’s role in the war, who was able to control the balance of power, as seen in the first two lines (Lattimore 322). God influenced the Argives and played down their power while helping the opposite side. It is essential to understand that Zeus helped Achilles at the request of Thetis, which initially did not imply a desire to establish social justice. However, this passage is intriguing because the bloody war brought the love for relatives and self-sacrifice, representing a particular paradox. Zeus ordered the soldiers to fight together and remember those who remained on land. The second part of the passage shows how family ties and loyalty to the community motivated people to fight. The conflict between Achilles and Agamemnon seems to be the spark that prompted the ancient Greeks to fight the Argives. In turn, it is an exciting part of the passage as it introduces the theme of honor and destiny as interrelated concepts. It is worth noting that family loyalty determines the strategy of action for people, mainly men, since protecting loved ones was a priority at the time. The risk of hostilities or attacks by opponents instilled fear in society, but the immediate response determined the willingness of the Greeks to fight for their fatherland. It is evident when studying the passage, as an unknown combatant may be killed with a spear, but it would be an honor to die for the family’s welfare. Thus, as a noble act, self-sacrifice characterizes the ancient Greeks and their belief in fate as a guiding light. Wives, children, and the elderly are left on the land and are regarded as defenseless people who need brave and courageous warriors to preserve the well-being of their homes. It is essential to understand that the Iliad is a book about war, but it is only the plot’s outer shell. At first glance, Achilles’ anger seems to be at the center of the narrative, but multiple supporting characters characterize this conflict. The unnamed warriors demonstrate courage in naval battles, and their feelings are the main elements of the plot. Besides, Achilles changed his rage to Agamemnon with a similar hatred to Hector over a close friend’s death. In this case, self-sacrifice and a reckless thirst for revenge are the engines to restore social justice. In turn, troops and ordinary people have their reasons for conflict and involvement in confrontation. Thus, this passage should deserve more public attention, as it demonstrates the social attitudes and moral principles of people in ancient Greece, even during times of war. The selected passage is a demonstration of values and traditions in Ancient Greece. The Iliad is based on the history of war and justice, but this is transformed as the story progresses. An unknown warrior’s death is not dishonorable, but rather a tribute of respect and love to people on earth. Self-sacrifice is revealed as a critical personal characteristic of the minor characters, supported by Achilles’ desire to avenge a friend’s death. More broadly, the passage points to fate as the motivator of society and the primary decision-making tool. People are fighting for the freedom and safety of their native land, explaining this with divine protection and their sacred duty. Thus, the selected lines are intriguing and exciting because they show an unknown part of the poem and reveal the other side’s images. Work Cited Homer. The Iliad of Homer. Translated by Richmond Lattimore, University of Chicago Press, 2011, p. 322.
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State Cooperation With Local Governments Essay Table of Contents 1. Variables fostering cooperation among local governments 2. Cooperation among state governments 3. The initiatives of local governments and media strategies 4. Reference List Variables fostering cooperation among local governments It is possible to single out several factors that promote cooperation between local governments. One of them is the necessity to overcome common problems, for instance, one can speak about environmental threats (Pierre, 1998, p 88). When local governments face similar difficulties and when individual efforts are not sufficient, they will be more likely to work together. Another factor that is indispensable for cooperation is a mutual understanding of their goals and the strategies that should be adopted to achieve these goals. For instance, in the past, many local governments of the United States implemented similar educational programs because they proved to be beneficial for adolescents (Kenyon & Kincaid, 1991, p 249). It should be noted that the degree of cooperation strongly depends on how local officials view themselves as well as their duties and responsibilities. If they are primarily concerned about their private ambitions, they are less likely to cooperate; yet, if they are interested in the wellbeing of the community, they will be more willing to work together. Thus, we can say concern about community needs is an inherent part of this collaboration. Cooperation among state governments To some degree, these variables are conducive for international cooperation as well. When different countries encounter common dangers, they try to set their differences aside and join their forces. One of the most famous examples is the adoption of the Kyoto protocol that is aimed at reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases (Shogren, 1999). However, one should bear in mind that in the case of international politics, the necessity to overcome common problems is not always a unifying force. To prove this point, we can refer to the Kyoto Protocol: the United States refused to ratify this agreement by arguing that it will harm many industrial companies, located in this country (Shogren, 1999, p 13). In part, it can be explained by the fact that state governments view international politics as a zero-sum game, in which countries act like competitors rather than as partners (Shogren, 2002, p 47). This is why such variables common difficulties and even common vision of goals and strategies do not always contribute to cooperation. The initiatives of local governments and media strategies If I were responsible for the development of the message and media strategy for dissemination of a local government’s initiative, I would first try to determine whom this initiative will affect. One has to define this group or population as accurately as possible. Governmental officials should first understand the major concerns and interests of these people (Snow & Taylor, 2009). This information is essential for local governments as they need to emphasize the benefits of their initiatives for this particular group. Apart from that, they need to know how to address this population: through television, newspapers, or via the Internet if it is possible. This is why the peculiarities of the target audience should be taken into account. Another factor that one has to consider is the type of initiative itself. Policy-makers have to know its hypothetical implications for different members of the community. There is a great likelihood that many people will object to governmental policies and local officials must know how to answer their questions. Finally, they should carefully research public opinion about a certain problem that is related to the government’s initiative. Their media strategies have to rely on these sociological data; otherwise, the new policies may not be accepted by the community. Reference List Kenyon D & Kincaid J. (1991). Competition among states and local governments: efficiency and equity in American Federalism. NY: The Urban Institute. Pierre J. (1998). Partnerships in urban governance: European and American experience. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Shogren J. (1999). The benefits and costs of the Kyoto Protocol . Washington: American Enterprise Institute. Snow. N & Taylor. P. (2009) Routledge handbook of public diplomacy . California: Taylor & Francis. Sterling-Folker J. (2002). Theories of international cooperation and the primacy of anarchy: explaining U.S. international policy-making after Bretton Woods. NY: SUNY Press.
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Education of Indigenous People Report (Assessment) The debate over the rights of indigenous peoples in Canada erupted with renewed vigor in the country in May 2021 – after the remains of more than two hundred children were found in Kamloops, British Columbia, on the site of a former Indian boarding school. Such boarding schools functioned from the end of the 19th century to the seventies of the 20th. Children from Indian families were sent there forcibly; the pupils were mistreated there, they often died of hunger and infectious diseases. Indigenous children were humiliated, harassed, and taught to despise their identity. They were forbidden to speak their languages and observe their folk customs. It turns out that Canada pursued a policy of genocide of its people, which no public apologies from the current authorities can correct. It seems that such information should be known to every inhabitant of the country. Only by keeping the memory of the cruel and devastating events of the past is it possible to prevent this from happening again in the future. Reconciliation will be achieved only when the authorities explicitly declare that they are ready to express sympathy with consistent actions and organize assistance to the descendants and relatives of those killed and injured. The 150 Action Program is a great plan to preserve the memory and study of the history of Canada’s Aboriginal people. However, as indicated in the text itself, one should not be limited to these 150 steps. If possible, it would be great if people started their own independent research after they had finished studying this program. Thus, it will be possible to involve people in solving this still urgent and burning problem, which contributes to its faster solution.
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Police and Corrections Officers’ Stress – Psychology Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Police force work situations 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction An emotional dissonance is an internal form of stress caused by existing real-life threats and possible dangers involved like police or correctional officers jobs. Their professions demand unique strategies and skills in handling precarious situations such as confronting armed persons. They have to deal with cases of interpersonal hostility and physical confrontations from the emotionally charged persons such as victims of crime or accidents. Severe suffering and deaths are also common encounters in their career. Stress associated with the job or what one has to deal with in the daily tasks has a huge impact on mental status and may end up affecting social or personal lifestyles. The critical situation that occurs in our lives is rigid to eliminate from the mind since the occurrences keep resonating in the mind since we fail to let go of such trauma associated with the disturbing event. Sharing and therapy sessions are the best professional procedures for such occurrences. According to Zapf (p.7), “Emotional dissonance refers to the structural discrepancy between emotions on one hand and the emotional-display requirement that is appropriate in the working context on the other.” Long-term interaction with such severe cares is the main cause of emotional burnout of these professionals. Job-related stressors correlate strongly with emotions, compared to physical challenges. Contrary, it is arguable that job-related tasks such as dealing with aggressive delinquents are not the main cause of mental dissonance. The situation comes in due to organization-related constrains such as the inadequate form of supervision, stiff rules or policies, workload, inadequate management systems, and insufficient payment (Gaines and Miller, p.154). This is the main reason why this topic requires deeper study and analysis. Police force work situations Mostly, police force personnel have to respond to surveillance calls, suspect arrests, and alert calls from the public. These trained police and correctional officers ought to remain solid, neutral, and in control of personal emotions at all times. They must suppress personal emotions during the performance of duty, for instance when dealing with conflict circumstances. How can you manipulate aggressive situations and still express understanding and compassion to crime victims? One of the requirements is the ability to switch from disciplinary reactions to human expressive nature during duty, similar to the positive expressions put on by physicians or nurses as they attend to patients. According to Porta et al (p.29), managing to uphold a professional attitude during such challenging tasks is one of the main sources of emotional dissonance among these officers. In line with Zapf (p.13), “several scholars have argued that regulation of emotions as part of the work role may also be stressful and detrimental to health.” Emotional dissonance can, therefore, have a close connection to both the negative and positive career requirements due to different stress-related effects. The police force personnel face discrepancies are pertaining requirements to display the right form of emotions during service and authentic emotions due to career-related demands. Requirements to suppress true emotions or feelings are a detriment on the emotional well-being of an individual and affect their structural divergence, depending on the situation. This is a critical demand for personal other than professional ability to manage individual control. In line with Gaines and Miller (p.154), “the suppression of work-related emotions, which demand neutrality in emotional expression among police and correctional officers, has been a major source of stress.” Inhibiting emotions and lack of ability to express depressing sentiments are associable to mentally related conditions such as emotional dissonances as well as physical complications like cancer or high blood pressure (Zapf, p.7). Emotional dissonance occurs among employees who experience interactive related situations. Also, the police jobs demand a dissimilar form of emotional reactions over different situations. The need to regulate emotions elevates the levels of mental dissonance depending on job requirements especially amid the felt sentiments, which must contradict professional emotions demanded by a situation. In line with Gaines and Miller (p.154), emotional dissonance is the root cause of job-related exhaustion and cynicism. Emotions are very important qualities in business for the reason that they determine organizational outcomes. For instance, marketing demands excellence in public relation skills such as good responses and an appealing facial expression regardless of the situation. Sales clerks are the main sales-determining factors as opposed to the product or service. Customer satisfaction depends on the display of positive emotions. It is however rare to find a products personnel dealing with physically aggressive clients. Conclusion The psychological effects associable to emotional fatigue causes various negative outcomes within the police force profession. Demand for controlled personality causes organization related burnout thus leading to performance failures, elevated absenteeism and negative reactions towards affirmative situations. Most of the sick-related absences have a link to stress cases. Job specifications or requirements rarely indicate the exclusive inclusion of requirements while dealing with emotional tasks. These are extra roles that the police force personnel acquire, mainly during training to maintain good performance levels. Arguably, they react unprofessionally due to emotional exhaustion caused by pressure from work, or failure to conceal true feeling to victims. Psychological related conditions are not easy to detect and take care of especially when the victim is accustomed to concealing true feelings. Works Cited Gaines, Larry, and Miller Roger. Criminal Justice in Action . Kentucky, KY: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. Porta, Donatella, Peterson, Abby, and Reiter, Herbert. The policing of transnational protest. Vermont, VT: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2006. Print. Zapf, Dieter. Emotion work and psychological strain: A review of the literature and some conceptual considerations . Human Resource Management Review, 12 (2002): 237–268. Print.
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Organisations in the Global Context Essay (Critical Writing) Over a few decades, the independent national economies and markets have gradually transformed into a united global economy where the national boundaries do not restrict the enterprises from the engagement in cross-border commercial activities and partnerships. Instead of focusing on the domestic markets alone, many organisations prefer to expand their business in other countries in order to increase product demand, customer attraction, and profitability. Entry to a new market may give company opportunities to strengthen its competitive advantages, yet the process of internationalisation entails many financial and non-financial risks. Therefore, it is important to design an effective strategy that would stimulate the implementation of internal and external capabilities for the efficient development of positive internationalisation experience. The global market has no boundaries and, it is much more difficult to sustain competitiveness in the non-restricted economies (Greenwald & Kahn 2005). While entering new markets companies pursue various benefits such as access to new customer groups, increase in exploitation of organisational core competencies, decrease and spread of financial risks, and achievement of cost-efficiency. However, it is important to pay attention to the situation in the hosting cultural, political, legal, and economic environments to understand the actions of local competitors, increase own competitiveness, and, in this way, attain ‘privileged access to customers or suppliers’ (Greenwald & Kahn 2005). The researchers emphasize the significance of technological advancement, responsiveness of marketing strategies and advertising to interests and needs of local consumers, and efficiency of pricing for the success of internationalisation process (Greenwald & Kahn 2005; Taylor & Jack 2013). Moreover, the effectiveness of distinct organisational capabilities’ exploitation may substantially depend on mode, scale, and pattern of international business expansion (Taylor & Jack 2013). For example, when a company enters a culturally and economically proximate market, where the customers have similar needs and preferences, the significant transformation of marketing strategy maybe not required. But when a European organisation enters a distant market in one of the BRIC or the MINT countries, it should conduct a thorough preliminary investigation of the environment to reduce potential risks and avoid financial losses that may be provoked by the lack of experience. The examination of hosting culture and peculiarities of business conduct may be considered the main premise for the strategic efficiency. ‘The more local a company’s strategies are, the better the execution tends to be’ (Greenwald & Kahn 2005, p. 10). Even in the context of globalisation, the demands, needs, tastes, and styles of business conduct vary from one country to another. The consideration of local culture is important for the development of right localised strategic objectives, the efficient integration of products or services into unfamiliar markets, and the attraction of local business partners and suppliers. Based on the findings obtained through the literature review, it is possible to say that localisation of business strategy through the exploration of hosting market’s distinctive features serves as the basis for the successful entry into a new economy, attainment of business stability, and strengthening of competitiveness in the international market. The initial investigation of external environment leads to the detection of culturally appropriate strategic goals and the consequent understanding of internal organisational strengths and weaknesses. The core competencies that create advantages in the domestic market may become less effective and important in another market, and the analysis of local environment thus can help to identify the direction in the course of organisational capabilities’ development and implementation that should be followed. Reference List Greenwald, B & Kahn, J 2005, ‘ All strategy is local ‘, Harvard Business Review . Web. Taylor, M & Jack, R 2013, ‘Understanding the pace, scale and pattern of firm internationalization: An extension of the ‘born global’ concept’, International Small Business Journal , vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 701-721.
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Doctors’ Shift From Traditional to Telehealth Practice Essay Thesis Although the adoption of telehealth is relatively low, the integration of cognitive learning theory and physicians’ insights into the design and development of healthcare informatics can stimulate the transition from traditional to computer-based practice. Introduction Despite the transformative potential of technological advances in healthcare service delivery, the adoption and usage of telehealth and other computer-aided innovations by physicians remain significantly low. Telehealth, a subsystem of healthcare informatics, combines medical, computer, and information sciences to enhance the management, delivery, and quality of health services offered by improving staff effectiveness and efficiency, and reducing associated costs. However, these benefits have not been realized due to low healthcare workers’ acceptance and uptake. Although the adoption of telehealth is relatively low, the integration of cognitive learning theory and physicians’ insights into the design and development of healthcare informatics can stimulate the transition from traditional to computer-based practice. Background Telehealth is the application of telecommunications and electronic information technologies, such as mobile devices and computers, to support the delivery of remote clinical care and other health-related services, such as teleconsultation, telemonitoring, and telediagnosis. Kissi et al. (2019) argue that converging information science, medicine, and technology was intended to augment personnel shortages in healthcare, increase service accessibility, and minimize costs. However, the realization of these benefits has been subverted by the physicians’ dismal uptake and the reluctant transition from traditional to telehealth practice due to negative perceptions in the ease of use and functionality. Transitioning from the conventional to telehealth practice is dependent on the perceptions of healthcare professionals regarding the satisfaction levels, practicality, and efficacy derived from the technology. According to Kissi et al. (2019), some concerns can be addressed effectively by involving physicians in the design, development, and training as an approach to stimulate the reflection of how technology enhances their practice. For instance, despite the acquisition of technologically advanced communication equipment by doctors, their application and utilization are limited. This indicates that although physicians acknowledge the importance of technology in their practice, they lack enough motivation to deploy them in practice. An assessment by Albarrak et al. (2019) revealed that despite the physicians’ preference of telehealth to physical attendances, the willingness to use is limited. This can be attributed to the presence of some challenges or the inadequacy of the systems, which discourage their adoption and usage. Therefore, the integration of cognitive learning concepts in telehealth’s various stages could capitalize on the healthcare workers’ eagerness demonstrated by the acquired equipment and arouse the desire to the full transition to telehealth practice. Benefits of Cognitive Learning Theory in Supporting Transition to Telehealth Cognitive learning theory emphasizes the acquisition of transformative knowledge through active involvement by building on past consciousness and comprehension. As a result, the model provides many benefits, including the development of problem-solving skills and enhanced confidence levels. Waseh and Dicker (2015) posit that the incorporation of telemedicine-based lessons in regular medical curricula offers invaluable competencies, critical in tackling emerging challenges and applying the acquired knowledge confidently. Introducing telehealth concepts in the existing education and training programs increases the learners’ familiarity through constant exposure, and fosters their eagerness of applying the obtained knowledge (Edirippulige & Armfield, 2016). This implies that appropriate skills development and coaching are critical in transforming the perceptions and thoughts of practitioners before they enter into the technology-driven industry. Effectively leveraging the rapidly evolving technology requires a robust connection with the already acquired knowledge as the foundation of developing familiarity and boosting confidence levels when applying telemedicine (Waseh & Dicker, 2015). Physicians’ acceptance of technology can be fostered by increasing their familiarity, which enhances the technology’s ease of use and functionality. Therefore, adopting cognitive learning approaches ultimately supports the physicians’ transitioning from the traditional operational model to telehealth practice. Additionally, the healthcare workers obtain useful problem-solving skills which they can apply to navigate challenging tasks or scenarios. As an emerging, dynamic, and continually evolving technology, telehealth has various inherent challenges and shortcomings, such as patient resistance. However, skills acquired through the cognitive learning theory equip the physicians with skills, expertise, and ability to resolve difficulties as they occur. As a result, the practitioners’ willingness to transition to telehealth is stimulated by their ability to overcome obstacles, thereby supporting the transition to telehealth practice. Conclusion Despite the extensive investments, advancements, and policy changes to support telehealth, its uptake and adoption are limited. However, the various challenges impeding the physicians’ transitioning from the traditional operational model to telehealth practice can be mitigated by utilizing the cognitive learning theory across the latter’s phases of design, development, and training. The participation and involvement of the healthcare workers in these stages equip them with the essential knowledge and expertise to support application and the resolution of emerging challenges. The active role-playing stimulates buy-in, resolves any negative perceptions, and reinforces the intrinsic benefits of technologically-driven practice. Additionally, cognitive learning theory accentuates the need to redesign the current training programs as an approach to address the emotional aspect of trainees, and the subsequent transitioning to telehealth practice. Therefore, this model is effective in supporting the doctors’ shift to telehealth. References Albarrak, A. I., Mohammed, R., Almarshoud, N., Almujalli, L., Aljaeed, R., Altuwaijiri, S., & Albohairy, T. (2019). Assessment of physician’s knowledge, perception, and willingness of telemedicine in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia . Journal of Infection and Public Health, (2019), 1–8. Edirippulige, S., & Armfield, N. (2016). Education and training to support the use of clinical telehealth: A review of the literature . Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare , 23 (2), 273–282. Kissi, J., Dai, B., Dogbe, C. S. K., Banahene, J., & Ernest, O. (2019). Predictive factors of physicians’ satisfaction with telemedicine services acceptance . Health Informatics Journal , 26 (3), 1866–1880. Waseh, S., & Dicker, A. (2019). Telemedicine training in undergraduate medical education: Mixed-methods review . JMIR Medical Education , 5 (1), e12515.
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Comic nature of Lysistrata Essay The play ‘Lysistrata’ by Aristophanes is one of the funniest comedies in Greek literature, as it unveils harsh turmoil experienced by Athenians as a result of war. Being a sex striking play, Aristophanes exposes the absurd consequences of war, though in fanatical manner. In this play, Athenians are brought out as having temporary liberation from the throes of warfare situations, which they can not easily amend. Particularly, the comedy is quite emotional in the way Aristophanes presents humorous sexual tensions among women and women. Reality is expressed in this comedy, since it tries to reveal out the long-term implications of war, which drives youths and potential men out of their families and lovers. As a result, indisputable sympathy towards the disbanded women is registered, through humor. This paper discuses the comic nature of the play by bringing out the achievements realized by Aristophanes by setting his serious purpose in a comic form. As the play reveals, the problems of young women and unmarried girls are clearly brought in focus, when their husbands and the youths are constantly involved in war for years. As a result, these women are brought out as being desperately longing for sex, despite the community lacking potential men. Basically, Aristophanes has succeeded in bringing out the harmful consequences of war, though in comic form. In this case, he makes the audience to understand and acknowledge the unruly nature of wars in the society at large. Particularly, the situation in this play exposes the deterrence nature of war for coherence in societal development and peace. It is clearly depicted that, with most women being left without husbands, posterity of the society is at risk, since the rate of population growth is almost negative. The play continues to unfold its comic nature when women are left to take control of treasury, since no potential men to take charge as all men had gone to war. As revealed in the play, the old men left strive ceaselessly to drive such women out of control of such sensitive institutions. Though these scenes unfold humorously, Aristophanes is trying to expose how male chauvinism in the society is bad. Since such old men had fought Spartan, the king of Persian, they now turn to fight their very own devastated women. It should be remembered that, women during that time had been denied of their conjugal rights, and were involving themselves in activities which would make them busy, in absence of their men. Certainly, Aristophanes succeeds in bringing out how productive women are in various aspects, despite the oppressive the oppressive nature of men. More specifically, the author of this play exposes the ability of women to engage in productive activities in absence of men. Importantly, this play revolves round politics and social issues in the days of the author, in spite of the lack of parabasis. As depicted in the play, cities are mutilated and extensively damaged, which turns out to women’s work in their protests against the warfare situation. For instance, the city of Herm is brought down into tatters by women, who emerge to advocate for peace through demonstrations. Though this situation seems comic naturally, considering that women are merely wanting their men back from war, Aristophanes emerges as having strong social and political influences to solving various problems. More importantly, this play seeks to establish the apparent power of women in the society to fight for the welfare of the entire society. By demonstrating for peace to prevail, women emerges as being quite scheming in the way they use both political and social strategies to secure better future for the society. It should be noted that, the play reveals hot battle between men and women who seem to have parallel desires and interests. With the society being dominated by males, women are brought out as being the key players in daily chores, as men remain in war. However, men are brought out as being oppressive to women by utilizing them as just mere sex objects, but lack enough time to live with their families. In reaction, women deny the few men who come for them desperately for sexual desires, a means to persuade them to leave war and return back to live with their families. Notably, Aristophanes has succeeded in bringing the reality on how women deserve love from their families, rather than only being used as sexual objects. With the whole play revolving round sexual relations, Aristophanes succeeds in bringing out the real-life implication of having cordial relationships between men and women in the society to form and manage families, as advocated by women. Conclusion Generally, the play Lysistrata by Aristophanes is one of the most influential plays for coherent relationship between men and women in the society. Though the scenes unfold comically, the real life implication advocates for cordial relationship between men and women, for a more prospective society. Despite the film revolving around sexual relations, Aristophanes has generally succeeded in bringing out the absurd nature of war, both to men and women.
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New Interfaces and Changing Forms of Interaction Essay Human interaction is a diversified form of communication that uses media technologies, social frameworks, abstracts, and other non-human environments. According to Dourish (2004), the world is experiencing a shift from the traditional interaction models to advanced technologies that extend the human imaginations and creativity beyond the boundaries of their anatomy. In fact, the social dimensions of communications are being derived from innovative technologies that are providing companionship while solving some of the entrenched human problems. Some of these technologies are robotics, holograms, hololens, and augmented reality devices (Hempel 2015). The research focuses on the influence of the new interfaces and the changing forms of interactions in changing human engagements and communication. According to Bertelsen (2011), the social aspects of media influence the sustainability of communication. Additionally, the concepts of embodied and extended minds portray the vast dimensions of the human capacity to improve and establish innovative platforms of communication. Virtual reality is one of the expanding fields that focus on actualising the human thoughts and imaginations. The traditional communication platforms did not provide users with the necessary social attributes. In fact, Dourish (2004) observed that the interaction principles evolved in four stages. The first devices used electrical signals, which evolved into symbolic patches. The symbolic interactions changed to textual formats and revolutionised the transfer of messages from one agent to another. The advancement of augmented and virtual reality has led to the introduction of 3D interfaces that enhance the social attributes necessary for any interaction. The 3D interfaces represent the improvements done on the 2D graphical representations that define most of the modern communication devices. The virtual reality technologies create 3D impressions that allow users to immerse into space. In fact, the technologies, which comprise headsets and visual aids, create perfect 3D impressions that allow users to transverse the artificial settings of video games and movies. Additionally, holograms have been advanced to create virtual representations of objects in three dimensions. In fact, an advanced version has led to the creation of an augmented reality that allows users to interact with digital contents that are overlaid onto the surroundings (Poole 2014). The concept has revolutionised the process and experiences of working with digital devices. According to Bergbreiter (2014), robots are some of the most advanced interaction devices. In fact, the researcher considered the robots some of the best and closest human associates because of their ability to apply artificial intelligence, which enhances their emotional capacities. In fact, robots are taking integral roles in human lives. Some of the sectors using robotics are the military, research and development institutions, NASA, and healthcare institutions. The robots are programmed with self-learning attributes that make it possible to reason, assess situations and make decisions. Additionally, the interfaces have been developed to enhance the socio-cognitive skills of children. According to Brunner and Fritsch (2011), the changes in the socio-cultural dimensions are evoking the need for advanced interactive interfaces. The professionals in the media and communications sector are investing in advanced technologies that change how humans relate and engage with devices. Additionally, the technologies are striving to bring out reality in any interactive process. In conclusion, there is a growing need to enhance the aspect of reality in the human-technology interactions. The media and communication technologies have been evolving gradually according to the socio-cultural changes. Researchers have found a significant correlation between sociological attributes and sustainable communication in humans. The attributes are being enhanced by creating virtual and augmented realities, as well as developing robots with self-learning capabilities. References Bergbreiter, S 2014, Why I make robots the size of a grain of rice . Bertelsen, L 2011, ‘Affect and Care in Intimate Transactions’, Fibre Culture Journal, vol. 149, no. 21, pp. 31-71. Brunner, C & Fritsch, J 2011, ‘Interactive Environments as Fields of Transduction’, Fibre Culture Journal, vol. 124, no. 18, pp, 118-145. Dourish, P 2004, Where the action is: the foundations of embodied inter action, MIT press, Cambridge. Hempel, J 2015, Project HoloLens: Our Exclusive Hands-On With Microsoft’s Holographic Goggles . Poole, S 2014, What does the Oculus Rift backlash tell us? Facebook just isn’t cool .
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Orchestrated teams are determined, focused, and organized to meet the needs of their organization; to develop winning teams, managers need to understand team dynamics. In the case of CheapasChips, the previous management leadership style had ignored the need to have strategic business management policies that looks into all areas of an organization (MeShane, Olekalns and Travaglione, 2020). This report discusses the risks the business is facing as well as the management/leadership approach that should be developed for a winning business. Risk management The company has a policy of selling its products at low margin and benefit from economies of scale, as far as the strategy is good and has assisted the company this far, there is risk in the event it moves to highly competitive areas where enjoyment of economies of scale will be limited. Another risk that the company has is the youthful and untrained employees, the personnel might not be effective enough to benefit the company in the long run. To mitigate against the risks, the management has the role of ensuring that instead of price cutting approach, it adopts a cost effective management approach. Secondly the management should invest in effective human resources management; effective human resources management will involve training of staffs and ensuring they have skills that can add value to the company. Leadership style The leadership skills adopted at CheapasChips takes the shape of dictatorial leadership; under the leadership approach, the management has failed to look into the needs of staffs but has focused on how the company can sell in large quantities. The company need to change its approach to management/leadership, it should embrace scientific leadership model where the business will be managed from all corners. Generally, teams are formal groups within an organization; formal groups have some set goals and objectives to attain in an organization; some examples of formal teams include human resources management team and project management teams. Employer motivation CheapasChip human capitals are not experienced, they are young and untrained, and the management had ignored the role played by human capital in the attainment of corporate goals and objectives. Issues of employees’ motivation will be addressed by an effective strategic human resources management approach in the company. with effective human resources, the employer will solve issues with trade unions and staffs will work for the benefit of the entire company. Social and environmental The working condition of CheapasChips is not good, the way stocks are managed as well as the general outlook is wanting, the management has the role of ensuring that employees are always in a favorable working environment as this will trigger mitigation, and good customer service. The company’s human capital lacks the skills of handling customers, this sis so despite the area of operation having other companies offering the same products. on management of human capital, the company again is on the receiving end with some trade unionists being interested in the affairs of the business. to handle this, the management needs to adopt customer relationship management policies and strategic management policies in its business. Organisational ethics and culture CheapasChips has failed to embrace positive organizational culture, the company also lack high adherence to ethical and moral code of doing business with the net result being human capital that are highly de-motivated and an organization that can hardly command respect from its environs. The situation can be changed with an effective leadership model be adopted in the company. Management of conflict Former management of the company was not very keen on prevention measures to prevent and occurrence of conflict, they have let things move in the way they are and seem okay with the status quo. The situation has reached to the unionists who are interested in the company affairs. To ensure that nothing negative sparks, the management should align issues according to the law and ethical needs (Forster, 2005). Resistance to change The former management was not willing to change and accommodate developments in the industry. This triggered the unionists get involves in CheapasChips affairs. To ensure that the situation has been managed, the management should dot strategic change management strategy. Exercise of power and politics and implication for leadership style Former regime at CheapasChips was miss-using power and using it to their own benefit, they hardly considered the implications that their decisions had on human capital or the area they were operating in. The use of terms The contacts that the company engaged with its employees were ambiguous. The average age gap of the staffs as well as their training level is an indication that the company was not keen on the role they play in the company. on the other hand their psychological contracts had been ignored by the company (Xiao-Ping, 2011). Executive training and succession At transition, the former regime of management needed to spend some time with the oncoming one for effectively power transmission. When there is effective power transmission, current management is likely to have deeper understanding of the business to facilitate immediate change of policies. References Forster, N. ,2005. Maximum performance: a practical guide to leading and managing people at work. Massachusetts: Edward Elgar Publishing. MeShane, S. Olekalns, M. and Travaglione, T., 2020. Organisational Behavior on the Pacific Rim Focus. Sydney: McGraw Hill Irwin. Xiao-Ping, C. ,2011. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 115 (1), pp. 1-144.
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Money’s and Banking’ Concepts Essay (Critical Writing) Money and banking Money is a commodity used as a medium of trade whereas banking on the other hand is the process of accepting and safe guarding money. Ten year treasury security is a long term security and therefore less volatile with very little if not nil risk. On the other hand a three month treasury security has a higher degree of risk given that it’s a short term asset and highly liquid. On these grounds it is a safer investment to invest in the two securities but even safer with the ten year treasury security. Further, the five percent three month security is even more expensive given the short notice and the high liquid and volatility of such financial assets (Elmerald, 2006). The loss on investors based on anecdotal evidence is explained to be based majorly on the fluctuation on the rates of return on the securities invested on by the investors. The rates of return in this case are majorly the rates of interest in the monetary and the securities market. With expected inflation one would rather be a depositor than being a borrower because by being a depositor the investor is likely to receive returns in the future rather than losses in case of inflation. Being a borrower in this case would lead to payment of the loan at very high interest rates which would be very costly for the borrower. At the same time it’s also, when it’s appropriate for the borrower to borrow it’s also coincidentally appropriate for banks to lend expecting high returns in future if inflation occurs (Elmerald, 2006). As shown above borrowers suffer the expense of high interest pay on borrowing s in case of inflation or change in interest rates against the borrower. With fixed interest rates, it may be at a trade off to both the borrower and the lender but to an extreme an advantage to the borrower because he would pay back the loan cheaply. To the banks as a result of fixed interest rates their profit margins are narrowed. White- collar crime According to Elmerald, P. (2006), “A white collar crime is, A crime committed by a person of respectably a high social status in case of his occupational duties” These are the criminal acts that are the financial crimes that are grossly committed by corporate heads in the course of their leadership and managerial duties accorded to them by the owners of the respective companies. The wrong acts committed may affect the companies negatively as the company itself or as the company and their shareholders who normally are the owners. The crimes may include crimes like financial frauds, money laundering, embezzlement or even insider trading. Insider trading in this case explains a situation where a member or members of top management like the directors colluding in order to hide information from the rest of the stakeholders for personal gains. The information hidden is normally likely to affect the shareholders in terms of reducing their wealth or the total loss of their shareholding in the company (Elmerald, 2006). The views expressed as per the white collar crimes are highly unacceptable since they are majorly against company ethics. Such crimes also exposes the shareholders assets at very high risks of loss, the existence of the company also as an independent entity is also put at stake by the existence of such crimes. Reference Elmerald, P. (2006). Principles of Money and Banking. Toronto: General Books. White collar crime in contemporary society (4th ed.).
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All areas require a high degree of concentration and a large amount of time, so the life of a modern person is inseparably linked with stress. Various techniques are currently available to help manage stress, in Julia’s case several practices will be relevant to help improve the situation. In a case study, which refers to a 42-year-old woman with headaches and sleep problems, chronic stress can be diagnosed. There are enough factors in Julia’s life that influenced her health. According to research, stress has three stages: anxiety, resistance, and exhaustion. In the analyzed case, the person does not have strength and energy since the resources have come to an end. The drop in immunity, and the consequence, viral diseases, are evidence that the body is exhausted and unable to defend itself against pathogenic microbes. In terms of physical, emotional, and behavioral signs, Julia is experiencing severe stress, which requires the help of specialists and the introduction of various techniques that contribute to the normalization of all aspects of life. Coping with stress can be difficult, but possible to get out of a stressful state on your own. “Each person has the ability to self-regulate,” the human being can independently influence the processes that occur with him (Stächele, 2020, p. 213). That is, one can learn to manage emotional reactions in a stressful situation. It is effective to use exercises with deep breathing, exercises for progressive muscle relaxation, and exercises for changing unrealistic beliefs. Concentration, self-control, conscious choice of actions, and cognitive reappraisal are indispensable helpers in dealing with stress. The meditation will help Julia train and develop the necessary qualities, and in the future will teach her to tame negative emotions, for example, in everyday situations with her husband and children. During meditation, one needs to focus on a specific object and not allow any extraneous thoughts. By practicing this technique, gradually, the desired effect will be achieved, and it will become much easier to keep track of emotional outbursts, which are observed in behavior as a result of prolonged stress. However, an effective way of coping with stress is introducing physical activity into life. Nothing can be better and more useful for the body than movement, especially in a world where people mostly have sedentary work. It can be light physical activity, walking or running, it is even better to introduce sports into a habit. Systematic training has a positive effect on the psychological state, it “reduces the response to stress and increases the ability to recover from a stressful episode” (Raper, 2021, p. 191). In Julia’s case, the sport will help solve sleep problems, give energy for work and household chores, and strengthen the immune system, which will reduce frequent illnesses. What is more, the breathing technique engages the physical state and helps to bring thoughts into conditional order. By adjusting breathing rate and depth, Julia can soften stress response and recover faster. It is necessary to gradually slow down the breathing rate over 15 minutes to about 6-7 breaths per minute. Using the practice of breathing, in the long term, the woman will be able to reduce the level of arousal of the central system, preventing the body from using the somatic reactions that lead to serious diseases. To conclude, dealing with stress begins with acknowledging its existence. If a person is in a stressful situation for quite a long time, it is better to contact a specialist who will help restore the arisen disorders of the body. Different techniques can be effective for Julia from Case Study 1. With regular practice, they will positively influence the emotional and subsequently physical state, teach to overcome stressful situations, and manage emotions. References Stächele, T., Domes, G., Wekenborg, M., Penz, M., Kirschbaum, C., & Heinrichs, M. (2020). Effects of a 6-week internet-based stress management program on perceived stress, subjective coping skills, and sleep quality. Frontiers in Psychiatry , 11, 463. Raper, M. J., & Brough, P. (2021). Seeing into the future: The role of future‐oriented coping and daily stress appraisal in relation to a future stressor. Stress and Health , 37 (1), 186-197.
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Modern Scenography and Technologies Annotated Bibliography Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Modern Movie Acting 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Scenography can be described as the creation of a theatrical presentation and it includes making the setting, costumes, and scripts that are in the context of theatrical and practical function. Essentially, scenographers do their work from the building of a space that is rationalized; transformed and filled. The function of a scenographer in this case is likened to that of a drama director. What is Scenography, a publication by Pamela Howard has enjoyed wider coverage as it has helped people to understand theatrics and has enriched their scope of how the aesthetics of acting can be maneuvered. Modern Movie Acting Over the past few years, greater advances have been observed in art especially Movie performances. Notable is the use of lighting to create different moods, multiple scenes and the use of virtual actors (Carlson 123). Currently, Scenography is at the threshold of technological advancement where the dynamic, sophisticated and creative applications of technology can be able to be applied and bring out the imaginative intentions of the playwrights and reflect on the cultural values that inspired the play (Baugh 67). The visual way of communication in our culture is to saturate the viewer with cascaded ideologies via complicated imagery and sound system. Characteristically these images are created by the computer assistance and use of video technology. Computer usage in scenic design has become very extensive in the new era of information technology. There are several tools that have entered the field of Movies and are being used to bring Movies to a new level of performance. Computer-aided design tools (CAD) and IT tools are increasingly becoming standards in the Movie industry rather than optional (Howard 72). There are also a series of other commercial software that are being invested specifically for the Movie or are targeted at designer consumers (Baugh 67). Other applications that are specifically designed for the clients; There are however very many applications that are being produced specifically for the professionals and they include plug-ins or templates specifically for Movies. The technical drafting programs are manufactured and cover stage lighting designers (Baugh 89). The thesis of the paper will be that “New technologies are taking acting and art performances to a new level of screen entertainment”. This hypothesis will be supported by addressing the advantages of using technology in Movies and all the new features that have been able be achieved. Simply it can be explained this way – The background is created on computers backstage and then projected to the onstage screens (Baugh 89). Most of the scenery is produced in real-time through the use of computer-generated images (virtual reality). Projection of the scenery is stereoscopic three-dimensional and outfitting the audience with three-dimensional glasses produces the false impression that the virtual views share the Movie with the performers (Griffiths 78). In doing so, the producers are able to create a bridge or bridge the gap between the cinematic images of the stage and the three-dimensional existence of the live actors. Conclusion Modern scenography has better performance and finds use in a wide range of applications and therefore should be given serious consideration. Due to the advancement in technology, scenography has now embraced digital technology. Various elements of scenography have proved quite useful for application by such individual professions as stage directors, film producers, actors, lighting technicians, and other artists in advertisements. Works Cited Baugh, C. The Developing Scenography In The 20th-century Movie and Performance Practices. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print. Baugh, C. Movie Performance and Technology: The Development of Scenography in the Twentieth Century. Movie and Performance Practices. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Print. Carlson, M. Digital Scenography. Bringing the Movies into the Information Age. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2005. Print. Gillette, M. J. Theatrical Design and Production (4 th Ed). Mountain View, California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 2000. Print. Griffiths, M. Exploring Scenography: Theatre Design Research. London: Society of British Theatre, 2004. Print. Howard, P. What Is Scenography? London: Routledge, 2002. Print.
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History of the European Union Essay The signing of the Lisbon Treaty on December 13, 2009, transformed the structure of the European Community (EC), which was subsequently renamed the European Union (EU). However, the journey to this historic moment started way back in 1950s, immediately after the Second World War (Wilde, 2012). Having experienced a catastrophic World War that had been ignited by the animosities among neighbouring countries and the desire to secure lasting peace, six European countries came together to form the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). This community was formed under the Paris Treaty in 1951 and it became Europe’s first supranational community. The main objective of ECSC was to enhance peace through political and economic integration (Kaiser et al., 2010). The six countries were Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, France, and Luxembourg. To supplement and reinforce the work of ECSC, two more custom unions, the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom), were formed in 1957 under the Rome Treaty and the Euratom Treaty respectively (Dedman, 2010). The three communities shared membership and some of their institutions until 1967 when EEC took charge of all the institutions. Nonetheless, ECSC and EAEC retained their legal identity and except for ESCS which was dissolved in 2002 due to the expiry of the Paris Treaty, EAEC is still in operation. On the other hand, EEC underwent a metamorphosis as time went by and more European countries joined its membership (Wilde, 2012). It was not until November 1993 that EEC was officially renamed European Community (EC) through the Maastricht Treaty. In addition to acquiring a new name, the community was restructured into three pillars. However, the three pillars of the EC were merged in 2009 when the community was transformed into EU under the Treaty of Lisbon. The EU, as it is known today, is a custom union that has been renamed several times and its mandate has grown and changed over time. But the primary objective of fostering economic and political integration has never changed (Dedman, 2010). The EU has made a lot of progress in ensuring that there is free movement of capital, goods, services, and people across the borders of its members, who currently stand at twenty-seven. Furthermore, the union has managed to create policies that support a unified market, enhanced agricultural and fish production, and improve regional development (Kaiser et al., 2010). Needless to say, the European Union was awarded the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize for its efforts. Economic, political, and other several studies have been carried out on EU with the intention of establishing its socio-economic and political impact on its members. Many research studies have been using models to explain the role of EU in the economic development of its subscribers. The Ricardian, specific factors, and factor-proportions models are some of the models that scholars have been using in investigating the performance of the European Union in the context of international trade (Wilde, 2012). By removing trade barriers and developing a harmonized system of laws, the EU has lowered the cost of international trading within its membership and opened a single market. Moreover, the union has increased the mobility of capital, labour, and other factors of production by eradicating passport controls within many EU states. The magnitude of the welfare gains accrued from the EU trade integration can be determined through the Ricardian model which puts a lot of emphasis on comparative advantage (Levchenko & Zhang, 2012). Ideally, the differences in technology and natural resources among countries generate comparative advantage. Countries that have a lot in common gain less from each other, and vice versa. The Ricardian model operates on the assumption that without labour, production is impossible. A research study, based on the Ricardian model, carried out on European trade integration by Levchenko and Zhang (2012) concluded that Eastern Europe countries enjoyed an average welfare gain of 9.23%, while their Western counterparts were lagging behind at 0.16%. The factor-proportions model, also known as the Heckscher-Ohlin (OH) model, is an improved version of the Ricardian model. Unlike the Ricardian model, this model recognizes both labor and capital as the key factors of production (Martin, 2010). This model does not evaluate the competitive advantages among countries on the basis of their technological differences, because it is assumed that the countries have similar technologies. Nonetheless, the Heckscher-Ohlin (OH) model assumes that the genesis of comparative advantages stems from the differences in the competitive availability of production factors (Levchenko & Zhang, 2012). The application of this model in the analysis of international trade among the members of EU has consistently produced the same results as the Ricardian model. Finally, the unified growth theory operates on the notion that capital and labor are responsible for the production of manufactured goods, while agricultural products are generated from labor and land. Therefore, labor is a common requirement in the production of food and non-food goods. This model evaluates the complete system of economic development and the associated driving forces (Martin, 2010). References Dedman, M. J. (2010). The origins and development of the European Union 1945-2008: A history of European Integration . (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. Kaiser, W., Leucht, B., & Rasmussen, M. (2010). The history of the European Union: Origins of a Trans- and supranational polity 1950-72. New York: Taylor & Francis Group. Levchenko, A & Zhang, J. (2012). Comparative advantage and the welfare impact of European integration. Web. Martin, R. L. (2010). A study on the factors of regional competitiveness . Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/3cr/competitiveness.pdf Wilde, R. (2012). History of the European Union. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/the-history-of-the-european-union-1221595
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Introduction 2. Causes and effects of Water Pollution 3. Possible Solutions for Water Pollution 4. Conclusion Introduction Water pollution is any form of activity that may lead to contamination or addition of pollutants into water body. It is an important issue to the world to put into consideration because human beings need clean water. Other living creatures need good water as well. Therefore, water is a very important requirement in the daily activities of people, and it is a very useful resource in industries, hospitals, schools and even in food manufacturing companies. This is why clean water is required in all the places to make sure the people and all the living creatures in the planet live a good and healthy life. Water pollution cases have been increasing in the contemporary world, despite all the efforts to reduce it. Despite all these efforts, the question remains as to what steps the world should take to end this problem of water pollution. Causes and effects of Water Pollution Harmful and toxic pollutants cause most cases of water pollution. The pollutants may cause the water to change both its physical or chemical nature by causing mixed reactions with its contents. One of the major pollutants is waste chemicals from manufacturing industries or factories. Most of these institutions are careless with this matter of water pollution. This is actually a very serious matter because most of the people concerned know the effects of this activity but they end up ignoring it. Moreover, these wastes contain very harmful and toxic chemicals that may cause health problems to human beings and other living creatures in the water body. Another major pollutant is sewage. Sewage dumped to various water bodies such as rivers, lakes or sea is a direct harm to the nearby occupants, given that it is there main source of water. This will mean that these people will lack clean water and will have one option of drinking the dirty water. The toxic contents of the sewage may also harm or kill aquatic animals present in that particular water body. Indeed, this is a government concern, though it seems that it is being neglected all the time. Oil spillage to water bodies is another cause of water pollution, as it leads to more harmful effects to the living creatures and human beings around. Oil spillage will definitely affect the health of aquatic organisms, as well as other living things dependent on the water body being polluted. Garbage and other toxic substances are also the other causes of water pollution. All these directly affect human health and the natural environment in the surrounding areas. It is therefore up to the government to put more efforts to reduce these problems. Possible Solutions for Water Pollution One of the best solutions to water pollution is the enactment and implementation of rules against those industries and institutions that carelessly dump waste chemicals, garbage, and other toxic pollutants to the water bodies without considering human life and the natural habitat around. The government would need to be very strict on this matter. People should also avoid dumping litter, household waste, or garbage to water bodies. Individuals should also avoid throwing dirty and harmful substances to their water lines that drain to sewage. Individual farmers must try to use the right amount of fertilizer when applying chemicals, as excess amount of fertilizer may drain to the nearby water body. Conclusion Water pollution issues are currently increasing in the world because of neglect of the governments and ignorance of the people. Water pollution issue should not only be issue to the government, but also all the people in the society. Therefore, people should join hands together with the government to reduce this world’s major problem. Nevertheless, water is a very important resource in the world, and it should therefore be kept clean and safe.
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Approaches to Determining the Dosage of Fentane Essay Age is a key factor underlying the determination of dosing for many drugs. It is obvious that there exist developmental factors that affect the dosage. These factors range from body size, adaptation, tolerance and tissue complexity. Also, other factors such as drug administration time and route, treatment required, gender affect dosage. These factors, therefore, lead to variations in the dosage prescription. Although all these factors affect the effectiveness of drugs actions, I will describe the effects derived from the aspect of age and disease state. In a bid to perform this task, I will make an intimate enumeration and evaluation concerning the impacts of age and disease state on fentanyl dosing. Fentanyl sensitivity is higher in older patients than younger patients. However, dosage preference differs on a wide range due to these factors. For instance, a forty-year-old patient suffering from severe hepatic impairment may possess a double sensitivity to fentanyl compared with sixteen years old patient suffering a similar problem. However, this is not always the scenario. In some cases, certain diseases and operations call for variations in prescriptions. Patients undergoing surgical procedures such as transplantation cannot receive similar dosing with patients undergoing mild treatment (Lehmann 1991). Research performed in1982 implied that the degradation of fentanyl was low in an older patient. This depicted the clinical effectiveness of fentanyl in old patients than in young patients. Other demonstrations have shown a decreasing dosage with an increase in age (50% decrement from twenty to eighty-nine years). When undergoing the minor procedure, children between the age of 1 and 12 years require doses of one to two micrograms per kilogram at intervals of a half minute and one minute. Also, opioid-tolerant children above two years old can receive initial doses of twenty-five micrograms hourly (Cote, Jerrold & Tedros 2009). Children above twelve years old and adults use lower doses of 0.5 to 1 microgram/kilogram/hour to sedate minor operations. Major procedures, however, require a higher dosage of 25-50 micrograms repeat after every five minutes (McPherson 2010). The nasal application of fentanyl is only used by cancer suffering patients above the age of eighteen years. Patients who are above sixty-five years should use fentanyl under strict caution because they show many side effects. These arguments support and purport that fentanyl administration and performance are dependent on age. Different diseases have varying requirements for drug administration. Some diseases depict a higher need for the concentration of the drug while others show requires low concentrations to reach clinical effect. For instance, patients with cancer, renal and hepatic diseases show differences in sensitivity to fentanyl. The liver metabolizes fentanyl into norfentanyl at the initial stages. If this metabolism fails, fentanyl remains in the body and performs untargeted roles that affect the system adversely. These characteristics of drug non-clearance are evident in patients with uremia. The patients depict reduced fentanyl clearance rates. The reduction results in the depression of respiration. Adjustments are only necessary for cancerous hepatic dysfunction patients to fit the clinical effect. Hepatic diseases that are severe require strict monitoring. Patients with hepatic diseases are at risk of opioid adverse effects. An example of a disease that could evidence the statement above is liver cancer (Forbes 2007). It is, therefore, vital to take caution when using fentanyl because research predicts fentanyl accumulation in the body system. Therefore, patients with severe liver failure should avoid fentanyl. This will ensure that drug failing metabolism does not accumulate in the system. Administration of high doses of fentanyl, also, leads to its accumulation in muscles and fats where the circulation is prolonged. These effects call for counsel and further research to reveal and ascertain the viability of the drug in accordance with its strengths and weakness (Semla, Beize & Higbee 2008). It is crucial to point out that fentanyl is subject to abuse. It provides a relaxation feeling of lightheadedness, sleepiness and distresses. People should understand that fentanyl has adverse effects that include tolerance and accumulation in the body system. These effects would lead to future problems of using fentanyl for pain relief because the patient would require higher doses. It also causes blurred vision which is critical for drivers. Drug administration to the body requires the strict following of instructions. Failure to follow instructions could lead to unexpected results and diseases. It is, therefore, the role of patients, researchers and doctors to ensure proper use of all drugs. The check about the advisable procedures of administration, appropriate dosage and reconsider all factors inclusive in affecting the effective performances of drugs. In this way, there will be an assurance of results and reduction of effects that affect the use of drugs presently (Fentanyl situation report 2006). In conclusion, age and status of diseases are key determinants of dosage. The two requires considerations to warrant effective drug use. These statements do not mean that they are the sole operating factor in dosage determination. They only complement other factors. In fact, more factors such as administration route are exceptional and complement the dosage determination. However, they possess significant consideration for this discussion. References Cote, C, Jerrold, L & Todres, D 2009, A practice of anesthesia for infants and children, Saunders, Philadelphia, PA. Fentanyl situation report 2006, National Drug Intelligence Center, Johnstown, Pa. Forbes, K 2007, Opioids in cancer pain, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Lehmann, K 1991, Transdermal Fentanyl , Springer, Berlin. McPherson, M 2010, Demystifying opioid conversion calculations: a guide for effective dosing , American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Bethsaida, MD. Semla, T, Beizer, J & Higbee, M 2008, Geriatric dosage handbook: including clinical recommendations and monitoring guidelines, Lexi-Comp, Hudson, Ohio.
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Conditions of Complex Electronic Systems Dissertation Summary Complex electronic systems are in demand in various fields, including engineering. Their design, behaviour, and functional features allow the implementation of different tasks due to the accuracy and stability of work. These systems may be distinctive in their basic technical characteristics, but in general, the use of these machines makes it possible to reduce risks and secure any computing and analytical procedures, which are the essential benefits of any technical activity. Characteristics of Complex Electronic System Based on the results of the assessment and the opinions of stakeholders involved in working with a complex electronic system, one can note that its activities contribute to improving communication and increasing productivity. According to Albers, Peglow, Powelske, Birk and Bursac (2018), these mechanisms have those functional characteristics that cannot clearly describe the design of the equipment or its behaviour. In other words, these systems have a wide range of capabilities that cannot be predicted without having relevant information about the specifics of the technology. Users utilising this advanced communication algorithm confirm that it improves performance and helps to accurately retrieve data. In case of an unexpected breakdown and malfunction of such a system, all data do not disappear, which is another valuable feature. The equipment has reserves to prevent the loss of valuable information. Given that all the data received are processed sufficiently quickly, these characteristics are valuable under conditions of intense activity and continuous operation. Nevertheless, despite a large number of advantages convenient for working in a constant communication mode, some difficulties in operation arise. In particular, users note interface challenges that cannot be adjusted to individual requirements. Also, an untrained employee is unlikely to be able to work with such equipment as productively as possible since its functionality is complex, and preliminary training is a crucial condition. The multi-step operations carried out by the system complicates control over all processes and may create difficulties in planning all types of activities. At the same time, compliance with the necessary system maintenance rules is mandatory. Otherwise, those algorithms that are embedded in programmes can disrupt the production process and cause failures. In general, the complexity of such a system is compensated by its functionality, and with proper preparation, the productivity of work increases significantly due to the faster implementation of all necessary operations. Some problems in the functions of the mechanism may appear directly at the operation stage. For instance, after sending files via the internal channels, their removal from the system can be either difficult or impossible. However, security is one of the significant aspects that allow utilising the programme algorithms without fear of data leakage. Technical support is mandatory, but in the case of competent service, no serious issues will arise. The analysis of a complex electronic system confirms that for proper and trouble-free operation, appropriate skills are necessary. The personnel involved in the communication process through the algorithms of such a mechanism can accelerate interaction with one another due to the simplified modes of information exchange. Therefore, challenges may be prevented due to prior preparation in order not to allow operational errors. In case all the aforementioned conditions are complied with, the activities of the systems in question will be uninterrupted, and users will be able to perform many operations by utilising modern digital algorithms and realising the capabilities of this digital programme. Reference Albers, A., Peglow, N., Powelske, J., Birk, C., & Bursac, N. (2018). Coping with complex systems-of-systems in the context of PGE – Product generation engineering. Procedia CIRP , 70 , 457-462. Web.
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Introduction 2. Comparative Religion 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Religion fulfils an important role in the lives of billions of people all over the world. It not only provides a moral code to guide the believers’ living but it also gives spiritual fulfillment. Many religions exist in the world and their unique rituals and varying beliefs differentiate them. Islam and Baha’i are two of the world religions practiced by different followers. This paper will briefly compare and contrast the Baha’i faith with Islam. Comparative Religion A similarity between Islam and Baha’i is that both faiths are monotheistic meaning that they believe in a single all-powerful God. Ayoub reveals that in Islam, this deity is referred to as Allah and he is the great creator and ruler of the universe (345). Muslims are expected to live their lives in accordance to the will of Allah and offer their devotion to him. Similarly, Baha’i teaches that there is only one God and he is the all-powerful maker of the universe (Masumian 89). Baha’i followers are to worship this omnipresent deity and attempt to develop a profound understanding of him through prayer and meditation. Another similarity between Baha’i and Islam is in their believe in an afterlife. Both religions declare that human beings have a soul that is immortal and therefore continues to live after death. According to the two religions, the human body is only a vehicle for the soul in its physical experience on earth. Islam teaches that the believer’s soul will move on to heaven or hell depending on his conduct here on earth (Ayoub 345). In the same way, Baha’i teaches that the soul of the individual moves on to heaven or hell after death. Masumian notes that the Baha’i concept of heaven and hell is in relation to the closeness or detachment from God (89). An obvious difference between Baha’i and Islam is that they were founded at different times and by different individuals. The prophet Mohammed founded Islam in the 7th century AD in modern day Saudi Arabia (Ayoub 344). Mohammed is considered the most important prophet of Islam and it was through him that the message of God was revealed to the world. The Baha’i faith was founded in 1863 by Mirza Husayn Ali in Iran. This founder is referred to as Baha’u’llah, meaning “the Glory of God” and he is considered the most recent prophet of the religion (Masumian 89). The revelations of God to Prophet Baha’u’llah and his teachings are integral to the Baha’i faith. Another difference between Islam and Baha’i is in their view of other religions and gods. Muslim believers acknowledge the difference between their God and the gods of other religions. Ayoub states that Muslims seeks to convert people of other faiths into Islam, which is regarded as the true religion (349). This goal of conversion occurs since the faith teaches that Allah is the only true God. In contrast to this, the Baha’i faith declares that there is oneness of God and religion. According to the faith, the entire world only has one God and he has been given different names throughout religious history (Masumian 89). To the Baha’I followers, all religions have the same divine origin and they are therefore only representations of the one and only religion that God has ever taught. Conclusion This paper set out to provide a brief comparison of Islam and Baha’i. It started by acknowledging the significance of religion in the world. The paper has shown that while the two faiths have major differences, they also share some core beliefs. Works Cited Ayoub, Mahmoud. “The Islamic Tradition.” World Religions: Western Traditions . Ed. Willard G. Oxtoby, 2nd ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 2002. 342-455. Print. Masumian, Farnaz. Life After Death: A Study of the Afterlife in World Religions . Mumbai: Kalimat Press, 1995. Print.
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Definition of Clostridium Difficile Bacterium Essay Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that causes colitis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea among patients. The prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection has increased in the past decade not only in the general population, but also among hospitalized-patients. This means that Clostridium difficile infection is a nosocomial infection that threatens the lives of patients in hospital settings. Forster, Taljaard, Oake, Wilson, Roth, and Walraven (2010) state that Clostridium difficile infection lengthens the duration of patients’ stay in hospitals, and consequently increases their morbidity and mortality rates. In this view, the increase of Clostridium difficile infection in our unit requires the application of effective measures to control the infection from causing preventable morbidity and mortality. To understand ways of preventing Clostridium difficile infection, it is imperative to comprehend its etiology. Clostridium difficile infection is caused by a gram-positive bacterium, which grows under anaerobic conditions and reproduces by forming spores. The common route of infection among humans is fecal-oral route because infected individuals release spores through feces, while uninfected individuals acquire infections by swallowing spores. Since these spores are resistant to acid, heat, and antibiotics, it is difficult to control the infection of Clostridium difficile. According to Martinez, Leffler, and Kelly (2012), the spores of Clostridium difficile can remain infectious for months on surfaces such as hands and clothing of caregivers, patient bedding, medical equipment, and furniture amongst other surfaces in a hospital environment. When an individual swallows spores obtained from various surfaces, the spores hatch and proliferate in the intestines and produce enterotoxins, which cause diarrhea and colitis. To prevent Clostridium difficile infection in the hospital environment, you should exercise contact precautions. You should wear gloves when handling patients with Clostridium difficile infection, and wash your hands before and after handling any patient. Hand washing is an effective contact precaution that helps in preventing the spread of spores from your hands to patients. You should wash your hands with soap and water every time you meet a patient. Hand washing with soap and water is effective in prevention of Clostridium difficile infection because it eliminates spores from hands, and thus prevents the spread of spores from one patient to another (Martinez, Leffler, and Kelly, 2012). In this view, you should wash your hands routinely with water and soap, so that you do not become an agent of Clostridium difficile infection. Given that spores of Clostridium difficile remain infectious on surfaces even after many months, you should handle bed linens using gloves. Moreover, you should transport bed linens in a closed container to prevent the spores from spreading into other surfaces in a hospital environment. Dubberke (2010) argues that cross-contamination of bed linens by Clostridium difficile spores occurs during laundering. This implies that you should isolate bed linens of patients with Clostridium difficile infection and wash them separately to prevent the spores from spreading to other linens that do not have spores. Hence, you should handle and transport bed linens while taking precaution not spread the spores that are in them. Isolation precaution is also applicable in the prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in the hospital. When a patient is diagnosed with Clostridium difficile , you should isolate the patient by placing him/her in a separate room to prevent the spores of Clostridium difficile infection that are present in bedding and other surfaces from spreading to all patients in a unit. According to Martinez, Leffler, and Kelly (2012), the isolation precaution is central in the prevention of Clostridium difficile infection as it restricts the spread of spores. Thus, you should isolate patients with Clostridium difficile infection while they receive appropriate treatment. References Dubberke, E. (2010). Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Clostridium difficile: What Works? Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 30 (1), 38-41. Forster, A., Taljaard, M., Oake, N., Wilson, K., Roth, V., & Walraven, C. (2010). The Effect of Hospital-Acquired Infection with Clostridium difficile on Length of Stay in Hospital. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 184 (1), 37-42. Martinez, F., Leffler, D., & Kelly, C. (2012). Clostridium difficile outbreaks: Prevention and Treatment Strategies. Risk Management and Health Policy, 5 (1), 55-64.
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Server Virtualization and Its Benefits for Company Proposal Essay In order to survive in the present-day highly competitive and fast-paced business world, companies have to be flexible and quick in adopting new technologies and strategies for further modernization. The globalized market has become largely reliant on IT landscape, which enables organizations to achieve a competitive benefit through agility, scalability, server consolidation, cost optimization, and innovation. The primary objective of any company is to minimize expenses using the available resources in the most efficient way possible. This and a lot of other goals can be obtained with the help of virtualization. (Chowdhury & Boutaba, 2010). If defined in the most general terms, virtualization is an introduction of software abstraction layer (which is called virtual machine monitor or a hypervisor) in-between the physical platform and the operating system. It is now applied in testing, training, production, and other kinds of environments in order to extend independent virtual resources (Metzler, 2011). Besides the demands advanced by the world of IT, virtualization is implemented with a view to economy as it helps reduce power consumption and air conditioning needs of a company. Moreover, it does not require additional space which is always associated with growth (Chowdhury & Boutaba, 2010). If we sum up the major benefits that a company may receive through virtualization, they will run as follows: 1. It helps save energy thereby supporting environment-friendliness. As it has already been mentioned, virtualization saves money spent on electricity and thus contributes to resolving ecological problems (Truong, 2010). 2. It ensures consolidation, which means that fewer physical platforms are required to combine all the workloads. This leads to optimization of hardware, which becomes capable of supporting a number of various environments (Metzler, 2011). 3. It makes server provisioning faster, which guarantees instantaneous capacity of business units on request (Metzler, 2011). 4. It releases from the necessity to stick to one server vendor. Since virtualization abstracts from physical platforms, the company becomes more flexible in choosing equipment (Truong, 2010). 5. It improves recovery from faults. A disaster recovery system is independent from hardware that can be easily replaced when failover is required (Truong, 2010). 6. It increases uptime. The ability to switch from one server to another, which allows immediate recovery from system outages, also ensures continuity (Truong, 2010). 7. It provides isolation of applications, which improves utilization of resources and thereby minimizes server waste (Metzler, 2011). 8. It prolongs life of old applications. Virtualization allows encapsulating applications together with the environment that supports them (Metzler, 2011). 9. It helps join the cloud. Virtualization provides you with storage of an infinite capacity (Truong, 2010). However, even knowing all the advantages of virtualization, the management should also be aware of its risks and challenges in order to come to a reasonable solution concerning its implementation. The most common problem now is the security risk, which arises from fluctuating workloads, VM vulnerabilities, incompetent process management, wrong configuration settings, and a number of other factors. Besides, it is important to consider the overall maintenance cost of a virtualized environment, which includes hardware and software upgrades, licensing, VM support, etc. Although these problems cannot be called minor, they may still be resolved with the due approach (Metzler, 2011). If an organization performing computing operations of multiple sites with a server count of more than 400 opts for virtualization, it is essential to determine the necessary size, capacity, and capabilities of the host system. With Hyper-V you should first and foremost develop a proper configuration (Velte & Velte, 2009). The implementation plan will be: * to size your server for supporting virtualization (since, in this case, the server count amounts to 400, we deal with high system utilization and considerable traffic, which means that server requirements might not be sufficient for virtualization); * to consider RAM (since we are concerned with a lot of guest sessions, we should make sure that the host system is configured with minimum 24GB of RAM); * to identify processor requirements (in order to meet the performance demands, each session should have up to four cores); * to provide disk storage for the server (there should be enough space to support both system files and guest sessions); * to plan the budget (there must be enough for satisfying all the server needs) (Velte & Velte, 2009). Since there exist several approaches to server virtualization, the most effective strategy to explain the basic concept to senior management would be to highlight the main benefits and drawbacks of each approach, for them to decide which one suits the organization’s needs best: * full virtualization: provides the ability of entire simulation of physical hardware; * para virtualization: provides simulation of most but not all the components of the physical platform; * hardware-assisted virtualization: allows to set communication, with the hypervisor running in the root level; * operating system virtualization: allows running several instances of OS in parallel (Metzler, 2011). Taking into account the above-given plan and the specifics of the organization, it seems reasonable to opt for para virtualization. This type of infrastructure is cheaper and much easier to introduce than full virtualization. It is accounted for by the fact that the host OS switches to a suspension mode as soon as it launches VM emulator, whereas the guest OS continues running in an active state. It will ensure high performance for the network in cases when hardware assistance is no longer available. References Chowdhury, N. M. K., & Boutaba, R. (2010). A survey of network virtualization. Computer Networks , 54 (5), 862-876. Metzler, J. (2011). Virtualization: Benefits, challenges, and solutions. Riverbed Technology, San Francisco . Truong, D. (2010). How cloud computing enhances competitive advantages: A research model for small businesses. The Business Review, Cambridge , 15 (1), 59-65. Velte, A., & Velte, T. (2009). Microsoft virtualization with Hyper-V . McGraw-Hill, Inc..
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“Educated for Global Citizenship?” by Ananya Roy Essay Ethical Consumerism So far, ethical consumerism also proves to be an ethical issue that has several forms. Ananya Roy describes the charity-based type that has the harmful potential of neglecting the actual reasons behind poverty (that is, the continuous, systematic exploitation) and the ethical consumerism that is aimed at the promotion of the fair trade. She demonstrates that these modern forms of ethical consumerism are not capable of resolving the problems of neoliberal globalization. However, they could address them, provided that they are aimed at this exact end. For instance, the Starbucks agenda of promoting fair trade appears to be aimed at a change, a shift that is similar to the one advanced by Ananya Roy. In my opinion, while its activities may not completely correspond to Ananya Roy’s ideas, they definitely demonstrate the movement in the right direction: in this case, the corporate giant does not aim to provide the poor with the food; it attempts to provide them with the means of getting food while also contributing to the process of promoting equality. I tend to think that this is a very long process. For example, the equality in the US is still not achieved, and races, nations, sex, gender, beliefs and special needs are still a ground for inequality. Ananya Roy shows that Starbucks has a lot to work at, but compared to the egoistic kind of charity-based consumerism, this type seems to be a step forward. At the same time, such charity might also be capable of fuelling the shift if it is used properly: for example, by funding the movements for human rights in developing countries. Developing the concept and phenomenon of ethical consumerism is also a process that is most likely to be tedious and long, but it is a necessity. Starbucks and its consumers cannot (and will not) stop at this stage, but the existence of this stage indicates that the issues, which Ananya Roy dwells on, are being noticed and even addressed. This fact proves that in the future, the means of resolving the problems of neoliberal globalization are most likely to evolve. Ananya Roy’s video The posting about Ananya Roy’s video illustrates an important fact about this and other videos that I have watched: they tend to demonstrate the issues that are invisible and difficult to notice. The post provides an overview of Ananya Roy’s ideas and their justification, and it is difficult to disagree with the fact that they are not only logical and truthful but also insightful and provide the direction for the actions that can deal with modern consumerism issues. The video by Gary Younge is similarly enlightening. One of the details that were of interest personally for me is the mentioning of other “Trumps,” which proves the fact that his point(s) and way of promoting them is not unique. Just like ethical consumerism (in its current forms), Trump-like reactionary responses are focusing on a scapegoat of consequence, accusing it of any predicament a politician can imagine. Indeed, attempts to deal with the issues of the 21st century (including globalization and neoliberalization-related ones) through fostering conflict are unlikely to succeed. The problem with such scapegoats (consumerism included) is that they distract people, and the core of the issue remains hidden for many of us. In the end, we need to be enlightened about this fact before we begin to consider a course of action for the elimination of the issue. Scapegoats result in lost time and resources, and can, therefore, be considered a problem of their own.
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These teachings have been exciting because they have included an in-depth analysis of origins and traditions. Moreover, unlike other history-based studies, these teachings also involve oral narrations from experts. Some of these narrations have been quite captivating because of the authenticity of their narrators. For instance, some narrators offer very realistic accounts of indigenous traditions. Some of the subjects that were covered in these classes include creation, cultures, and indigenous beliefs. This paper is a personal reaction to the classes on indigenous history and theories of settlement. One of the things that I found interesting in these classes was the differences between the beliefs of most indigenous American and Canadian tribes. Previously, it was easy to assume that most indigenous tribes had substantial ‘similarities.’ However, after these classes it is clear that most tribes, even the ones that are found in one locality, have very different beliefs. It is a common misconception that the beliefs of one indigenous tribe, apply to all indigenous tribes. For instance, in most feature films, the use of feathered hats and face markings by indigenous tribes is overemphasized. Some of these misconceptions are easily reinforced because today, movies are the most influential tools for transmitting culture. According to these studies, even in a single tribe, there might be differences in beliefs. Some of these differences might be because different tribal factions could be living in separate localities. For example, the Mohawk Tribe residing in Ojibwe performs the feather dance clockwise while the Mohawk Tribe residing in Albany dances anticlockwise. The respect between the different indigenous tribes makes these differences unnoticeable to the rest of the population. Another thing I found striking in these classes is the emphasis on creation stories. In most cultures, creation theories are usually simple and non-elaborate. However, among most indigenous tribes creation stories are elaborate and descriptive. For example, some indigenous nations have creation stories that take place in stages and sequences. For example, the Mi’kmaq teachings on creation include seven levels of creation. These levels give descriptive and analytical accounts of how the nations and clans came to existence. The Mohawk also has an elaborate creation story that is divided into different levels. In my view, the emphasis on creation accounts by indigenous nations signifies the importance of the nations’ origin. On the other hand, emphasis on origin makes preservation necessary. Preservation is an important aspect of life for most indigenous tribes. Because western education has infiltrated almost every aspect of life in America, it will be difficult for most indigenous nations to maintain their belief systems. Most indigenous tribes have customs that emphasize on the need to pay homage to spirits and perform crucial ceremonies. Western education is skeptical when it comes to beliefs in spirits and mythology. Maintaining a belief system requires a perfect intergenerational passage of information. In the current world, it is hard to get young people to believe and pay homage to spirits as well as uphold ceremonies to please spirits and ancestors. The commercial aspect of modern life also undermines the integrity of some of the beliefs and practices that were taught in this class. For instance, the Pikani Blackfoot teaches about ceremonies that go on for several days. The economic needs of modern life could make it hard for anyone to spare a few days without making any income.
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Social Research, Politics and Validity Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Definition 3. Social Research, Politics and Validity 4. Works Cited Introduction Research has been the foundation of knowledge, truth, facts and information on various issues that affect human beings and their environment. This means that people used findings from various research processes to improve their lives and find solutions to different problems. However, some factors affect the quality and validity of results obtained and this makes a research process biased. This means that such results will not produce credible results due to some subjective reasons. This paper explains the possibilities of conducting a credible political social research. Definition Credibility refers to the degree of truthfulness and appropriateness of information. A research is an activity that involves scientific processes to establish truths, find answers or solutions to problems that people face in their societies. Therefore, a social research is a process that aims at establishing facts, collecting information or generating knowledge about various happenings in the society. Social Research, Politics and Validity Research is systematic process that uses certain concepts to define its procedures to ensure that results obtained are credible and not biased. This means that the researcher must not take sides while collecting, analyzing or presenting the findings obtained from the field. However, this is not possible when political inclinations are used in conducting research. David Silverman confirms that people are partisans and will always present answers, opinions or suggestions that favor their beliefs, traditions and expectations. Therefore, Silverman is right when arguing that it is not possible to obtain a credible social research in the political field since people will favor their political parties, ideologies and leaders in presenting their findings and recommendations (Silverman 22). Secondly, political parties have different ideologies and approaches they plan to use to achieve their goals and objectives. This means that there are many views regarding events depending on the number of political parties or leaders in a state. In addition, every politician or political party will favor his/her ideology over those of others and this means that the individual will present biased research findings since he/she wants his/her views to be reflected in the research. Therefore, it is not possible for a social research to be both political and valid. Silverman argues that human beings are very different from one another and thus they have different opinions and perspectives regarding various happenings in the society (Silverman 32). This means that even if they are given similar tools and placed in similar environments they will have different findings and conclusions even though, their research topics may be similar they will have very different answers due to personality differences. Marx claims that people were created differently and this means that they have different thinking abilities (Marx 45). Therefore, they cannot present similar answers even if they are placed in similar societies and tasked to find answers to similar questions. In addition, he explains that even students present different answers even though they are taught by the same teachers. Therefore, it is impossible to have a political and valid social research no matter what the experience or skills of the researchers are. However, Silverman may not be right in his arguments since there are issues he overlooks. First, he ignores the fact that research is a systematic process of collecting information, finding answers or adding knowledge to the existing one through quantitative and qualitative processes (Silverman 43). This means that a process must follow some criteria before it is confirmed to be a research; therefore, scientific research is not just a layman’s approach to finding information or answers to situations. There are various concepts that guide scientific research and they include objectivity, reliability, replication, accuracy and validity. Objectivity means that a researcher must not be biased and use his personal judgment, opinion or perceptions while collecting, analyzing and presenting information. Therefore, the research must reflect the happenings on the field no matter how wrong or right they seem to the researcher (Marx 47). This will enable the research to be valid. Secondly, the information collected from the field must be reliable and accurate. This means that the data collected must represent the actual figures obtained during the research process. Names, dates and other statistics must be accurate and reflect on the actual information present on the ground. This means that a researcher must write names, dates, figures and events correctly to avoid causing confusion. Marx argues that if a researcher writes this information correctly then there are high chances of conducting a faultless research. Finally, most social researches are replicable. This means that if a researcher follows the same procedures used by other researchers he/she will get the same results as those obtained from previous researches (Marx 47). This means that a political research can be valid if the researcher follows scientific processes in collecting and presenting the information obtained from the field and makes use of different procedures that are most appropriate for a given research. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a valid political social research. Works Cited Marx, Martins. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011. Print. Silverman, David. Doing Qualitative Research. California: SAGE Publications, 2012. Print.
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“The Black Swan” by Nassim Nicholas Taleb Report Black Swan is the name of a book written by Nassim Nicholas Taleb. It deals with the effect of the highly improbable. The title is taken from the discovery of Black Swans in Australia – an improbable event. Till then it was supposed that Swans were white and there was no way in which a swan could be black. Once it was discovered that the swans were black as well, the whole paradigm of looking at swans changed. Thus, this is the effect an improbable event has on the popular imagination. As the author states, there is a triplet that is defined as rarity, extreme impact, and retrospective (not prospective) predictability. This is what constitutes a Black Swan moment. “A number of Black Swans explain almost everything in our own world, from the success of ideas and religions to the dynamics of historical events, to elements of our own personal lives” (Taleb, p. 150). Thus, once an event happens and we recognize retrospectively that it would have happened; we are no longer fooled by the same event happening again. And the rarity of the event and the extreme impact it causes are indications that we live in a world where predictions are highly hazardous. The author’s epiphany came with the Black Monday stock market crash of 1987 when he realized that chance has a greater impact than we would care to admit. According to the author, “History proceeds by jumps and is controlled by the tyranny of the singular, the accidental, the unseen and the unpredicted”. Thus, sudden events with great impact drive history than the normal ones that have no long-term bearing on the course of history. There is a lengthy description of what he calls “Mediocristan”, “Extremistan” and the like. These are imaginary populations of people who are marked by their singular affiliation to falling for the unexpected and the extreme views of the experts. Taleb takes the example of 911 to indicate how a Black Swan works. Before the event, there were not many who could foresee that such an event could occur in the United States. Of course, Taleb criticizes experts throughout the book when he says that they are failures at spotting Black Swan events before they happen. There is a lot of audacity in the book from Taleb when he states that, “We attribute our successes to our skills and our failures to external events outside our control” (Taleb, p. 56) However, he overgeneralizes many occurrences and fails to note the views of many who could see things coming. In conclusion, it is apparent that Taleb is one of a kind author who can simplify things and complex events for the layman who does not have access to sophisticated statistical modeling tools to predict events. One thing that the book teaches us is to “expect the unexpected” and be ready for it. There is no use wringing our hands after the event is over and it has had a terrible impact. The current financial meltdown may or may not be a Black Swan moment, but, anyone who read the book would have been prepared for the worst outcome. I thoroughly enjoyed reading the book and it has added to my knowledge about random events and the kind of impact that they have. Sources Taleb, Nassim. The Black Swan: The Effect of the highly improbable. New York: Allen Lane, 2007.
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“Waste Not, Want Not” and the “Forget Shorter Showers” Essay The problem of pollution of the environment that has arisen due to human civilization development has attracted more and more public attention. The current ecological situation is a consequence of society’s industrialization and capitalization, in which Bill McKibben and Derrick Jensen agree. However, the two authors have different views on who is responsible for the current situation and who should take action to change it. McKibben’s article “Waste Not, Want Not,” and Jensen’s “Forget Shorter Showers,” are devoted to the problem of waste reduction and resource use caused by the consumer society. However, McKibben (2009) focuses mainly on the significance of each individual’s personal consumption habits, arguing that “wasteful habits wouldn’t matter much if there were just a few of us.” He provides examples of waste generated by individuals daily, which ultimately sum to huge numbers. On the contrary, Jensen (2009) says that the individual consumption of an ordinary citizen is negligible compared to industrial waste, which needs to be regulated. He argues that all measures are aimed at personal consumption, but “had nothing to do with shifting power away from corporations, or stopping the growth economy that is destroying the planet” (Jensen, 2009). He provides examples of how small a share of resources are consumed by ordinary people compared to economic structures, and how little waste they generate. The problem of global warming is undoubtedly the result of the general neglect of waste control. Thus, the two authors agree that the current economic trends impose excessive consumption on people. However, McKibben encourages everyone to be conscious of ecology and to reduce individual consumption and waste, while Jensen focuses on corporations, which divert attention from the problem, shifting the blame onto ordinary citizens. Works Cited Jensen, Derrick. Forget Shorter Showers . Orion Magazine, 2009, Web. McKibben, Bill. Waste Not, Want Not . Mother Jones, 2009, Web.
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Groupthink as the Curse of Teamwork Essay Divergent positions lead to people on a team or in an organization pulling in different directions. Therefore, it is often assumed that an organization performs well when employees or team members are reading from the same script. However, in-group formation and related cohesive thinking aimed at maintaining the status quo does not develop or improve the performance of a team. This kind of approach to issues is referred to as groupthink. Groupthink is characterized by team members, in a blanket like way, accepting others’ ideas without analyzing or critically evaluating them. This kind of unreflective approach to others’ ideas is driven by a desire to be nice and supportive of in-group cohesion. This kind of disposition develops out of fear of being the odd one out. Groupthink is a big threat to project development because team members do not realistically evaluate project ideas. Instead of members individually evaluating project alternatives, they just second ideas of group leaders or group members so as not to be seen to derail the team. The key consideration by members is how to remain in the comfort zone as not to be sidelined by other members. The focus is not on project ideas or alternatives’ merit but group cohesion. For example, individuals may have valid reservations about a given course of action; however, they unanimously support the course of action because it is the perceived comfortable position in the group. Consequently, such a team is disposed to making irrational or hasty conclusions because individuals do not take arguments to a logical conclusion. If an alternative is seen to contradict general feelings in the group, members shy from associating with it. As a result, members tend towards biased positions and the group does not fully investigate issues by considering all facts relevant to the given issues. Groupthink can easily be avoided if team leaders or project managers take pro-active steps or measures towards preventing the same (Kowert, 2002, p. 100). First, project managers or supervisors have to avoid taking a stance upfront on any issues that are to be debated on by the project team or group. If they take or show that they are inclined towards a given position, they directly influence group deliberations. In organizations where power is centralized, subordinates tend to be inclined towards their up line manager’s point of view. Therefore, if subordinates are to think independently, managers have to show indifference on issues that are to be deliberated on by the group. Moreover, if they are also engaged in deliberation processes, they have to be receptive of all positions taken by group members during group deliberations. Secondly, project managers have to encourage creativity and independence in thought. They should not be seen to favor conformists or individuals who don’t think out of known stipulations. Project managers have to encourage members towards separating Individual’s opinions from individuals i.e. all members have to appreciate that individuals are not their opinions. Thirdly, in a brainstorming session, the leader should urge for an exhaustive enumeration of alternatives and each alternative has to be discussed exhaustively. For each alternative, members have to be objective as to look at demerits and merits. Fourthly, project members can discourage groupthink by designing project team composition properly. If a group is composed of independent-minded individuals who are authorities in their field, discussion on given alternatives is more likely to be professional and objective than otherwise. Finally, experts and consultants or ‘outsiders’ can be engaged in group deliberations as facilitators or participants (Kowert, 2002, p. 125). These independent individuals are likely to push the group towards other options. If the consulting facilitators are experts at facilitation, they are likely to urge or lead the team into thinking outside the box. Research List Kowert, P. (2002). Groupthink or Deadlock: When do Leaders learn from their Advisors? New York: SUNY Press.
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What Schools Should Teach? Essay The content and methods of curriculum delivery has been a contentious issue within the education sector for decades. According to Bosner and Grundy (86), “curriculum development may be generically conceived as an amalgamation of various processes employed in the pursuit of certain set goals in a school system that covers the entire spectrum of curriculum construction.” The curriculum development problem becomes poignant when its design and implementation fails to satisfy the social demands of different parties. The most important issue in the case of Setsco Lake School is the competing interests on set curriculum from the education ministry and the curriculum demands of native communities. This is an issue concerning the content and delivery methods of social studies. The native community proposes that social curriculum content should focus on the native culture, be delivered in native language and take cognizance of the cultural aspects of the Caucasian population. Ranked in the order of their importance, the most important issue is the culture, followed closely by political and socio-economic issues. The rumbling by the Caucasian parents revolve around the issue that curriculum contents places too much emphasis on the white settles and white cultures with very little emphasis on the native culture. The nature of the problem at Setsco Lake School revolves around the inability to appreciate change factors in education and methods of content delivery. Research indicates that there is a continuous evolution in the process of teaching, from past practices to future concerns, and this evolutional process will continue to change and mutate. These change factors push educators of social sciences to seek ways of gaining insight on how to change their patterns of instruction in both content and delivery. Increasing levels of cultural diversity, as well as the ever-changing styles in students’ learning and competition within future job markets has brought to the forefront the need to develop fully responsive curriculum content. These are issues that the Setsco Lake School have failed to appreciate. Setsco Lake School teachers (Jeff and Kelli) have a legitimate right to influence what is taught at the school because they do not only understand the curriculum demands, but are also in the best position to understand the demands of the students and education policy. This is because of the role of education in the life of an individual. Whereas education should not be a tool in erasing the cultures of communities, its role surpasses ensuring the maintenance of culture. Education has always been viewed and revered as the cornerstone on the basis of which civilization, economic advancement and society well being can be anchored upon. Through education, an individual acquires the requisite knowledge that shapes his believes and thinking and which prepares him for the challenges in future. The problems of Setsco Lake School may become worse when the right to influence what is taught at the school is left in the hands of native communities and policy makers who have no experience and out of touch with demands on the ground. The best response Jeff and Kelli could have made to John Buckley was to focus more on the role of education in the lives of the learners through a development of a culture sensitive model. This strategy would take care of the demands of both native communities and stay in tandem with the increasingly dynamic role of education. The curriculum should not only take cognizance of culture, but should exemplify knowledge, skills, and values and develop an individual to handle the competitive and complex job market. Despite the understanding that hiring an indigenous teacher would be a viable option for Kellie; such an option would only take care of the dissenting voices within the indigenous community. The problem at Setsco demands a broad approach that integrates the social demands of Caucasian indigenous population, the education policy and takes cognizance of the role of education. Hiring an indigenous teacher would not have made a big difference and Kellie’s choice to steer away from such a cosmetic approach in dealing with the Setsco problems is aimed at having a broad look at all challenges. Work Cited Bonser, Stewart, and Grundy, Shirley. Reflective deliberations in the formulation of a school curriculum policy. Journal of curriculum Studies. Vol. 31(1), pp 83-97. 1998.
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Shyness is one of the points of concern because it severely limits interactions and experiences for some people. Saunders and Chester (2008) state that “it is often taken for granted that new communication technologies facilitate disinhibition and increase social confidence” (p. 2649-2650). In other words, social media and the Internet have been extremely helpful for many individuals that suffer from this feeling of awkwardness. However, they do not help most people to feel more comfortable during conversations in real life, and they prefer to use technologies for communication. Aggression and crime are also crucial social problems that are not mentioned most of the time. The sociological perspective is an outlook on human interactions from the point of view of science. It is used to study connections between behaviors of people and the society. There are three core sociological perspectives according to many scientists. Social interactions often cause conflicts that are sometimes hard to resolve (Wagner-Pacifici & Hall, 2008). It is necessary for every individual to understand this concept. It is necessary to know the stages of a problem to find a solution. This technique is often used in sociology to determine what has caused the issue. Sequencing is crucial in this case. One of the approaches to problem-solving consists of such stages as an entry, diagnosis, implementation, and disengagement (Dougherty, 2013). It is necessary to pay attention to all phases of the process to avoid any complications. Critical thinking consists of numerous steps and requires a broad range of skills from an individual. It allows one to understand the information, and to make conclusions about how objects are related to each other. Weissberg (2013) claims that critical thinking requires one to “move beyond the acquisition of facts to uncover deep meaning” (p. 318). Differently put, an individual needs to examine his or her inner thoughts to analyze a subject at a critical level. Overall, critical thinking is a type of thinking about an object, subject or a problem with a use of intellectual standards to increase the overall quality of thoughts. It is a powerful approach that is used to determine solutions to numerous problems. Inequality is a difference in how society treats individuals based on or many characteristics. It is necessary to study the core of the problem to understand why it happens. For example, women are often discriminated. However, numerous movements such as feminism fight for the justice. It focuses on such problems as sexual harassment and unequal pay (Ritzer, 2014). The goal of this ideology is to provide women with a full range of civil rights. Nevertheless, inequality is still accepted in some countries because people are not educated on this topic. Poverty and wealth are hard topics for discussion. These are concepts that have formed over the years because of many factors. Many argue that modern society is built on the idea that there should be social classes. However, differences in income between poor and wealthy families are simply colossal and disproportional. The biggest problem is that most people continue living in poverty throughout their whole life (Rod, 2014). Overall, it is hard to understand how it is still acceptable in our society. In conclusion, numerous problems in sociology should be researched because there are still no solutions to some of them. References Dougherty, M. A. (2013). Psychological consultation and collaboration in school and community settings (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Larning. Ritzer, G. F. (2014). Introduction to sociology (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Rod, H. (2014). On “consistent” poverty. Social Indicators Research, 118 (3), 1087-1102. Saunders, P., & Chester, A. (2008). Shyness and the Internet: Social problem or panacea ? Computers in Human Behavior, 24 (6), 2649-2658. Wagner-Pacifici, R., & Hall, M. (2012). Resolution of social conflict. Annual Review of Sociology, 38 (1), 181-199. Weissberg, R. (2013). Critically thinking about critical thinking. Academic Questions, 26 (3), 317-328.
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Land Acquisition in the Parramatta City Council Cases Essay This case exemplifies various interpretations of Local Government Act (LGA), enacted in 1993. According to this law, the city council may acquire private land in a compulsory way if it is necessary “for the purpose of its existence” i . Nonetheless, there is an exception; it is illegal to compel the owners to sell their property if it is acquired by the council for the purpose of re-sale. We should also speak about some other constraint, namely if “the land forms part of, or adjoins or lies in the vicinity of, other land acquired at the same time” the consent of the owner is not obligatory ii . Parramatta City Council (the respondent) bought two parcels of land which belonged to Mac’s Pty Limited R & R Fazzolari Pty Limited (claimants). Later, it was transferred to such developer as the Grocon Group. The major task of the judges was to determine whether this acquisition or illegitimate. The primary judge, Biscoe J, who held the first trial, arrived at the conclusion that these parcels of land were bought by the city council not for performing any of its functions, at least in accordance with Government Act. In addition to that, he stated that the transfer of the properties to the developer was conducted with the intention of gaining monetary benefit, which can be called a resale iii . The defendant advanced its counter-arguments, claiming that these parcels were required for the implementation of the so-called Master Plan, and the Grocon Group was only contributing to its realization. Therefore, the re-sale was only a subservient purpose but not the dominant one. His Honor did not concur with this statement, saying that the term other land refers to the property, which does not belong to the council at the present moment. While making his decision, he relied on the “principle of recoupment”. It essence lies in the following: if various interpretations are possible, the most optimal decision is that one, which minimizes the encroachment on human rights, including the right of property. This is approach, taken by the judge Biscoe J, and later it was supported by the High Court. There is a different interpretive framework that can justify compulsory acquisition, made by the city council. For instance, according to the verdict, reached by the Court of Appeal, this purchase was within the scope of Local Government Act. The judges, Tobias, Hodgson and Palmer, emphasized the idea, that these private properties were a constituent part of Master Plan, which was subsequently one of the functions that the council performed. Moreover, the re-sale, itself, was only one of subservient purpose, but it was not the key objective that the agency was trying to achieve. He pointed out that resale was obligatory for further implementation of the plan and this land could be entrusted to any other developer, not only to the Grocon Group iv . He alluded to the similar cases, such as Thompson v Randwick Corporation or Auto Port Pty Ltd v Minister for Works. On the whole, we may speak about some inconsistency in his reasoning because in compliance with the contract between the council and the Grocon Group, the former was to receive a payment of $51 million for a period of three years though officially. The major difficulty was to determine whether the council was carrying out any of its official duties. In point of fact, its main task is to deliver services to the community members. Naturally, it is quite possible to give a non-committal reply such as the promotion of Master Plan, but in this particular case, there is no concrete evidence, indicating that the City Council was pursuing any objective apart from resale. This is the main reason why the High Court of Australia confirmed the verdict, returned by the primary judge, Biscoe J. If we try to compare the differences in legal reasoning between the judges, we may say that in the first case, Biscoe J focuses his attention to the very fact of resale which did not stimulate the effective functioning of the city council or respondent to be more exact. The reasoning of French CJ, the high-court judge was similar, and consequently, the actions of the council were proven to be illegitimate v . As far as His Honor, Tobias JA is concerned; we may say that he gave preference to a different interpretive framework, arguing that the resale was only a part of a much bigger project. Yet, as it turned out the respondent did not manage to single out the exact tasks. The importance of this case must not be underestimated because it provides a sufficient basis for solving similar controversies that may possibly arise in the near future. Apart from that, this case shows that the owners of private property can become virtually helpless against federal agencies that sometimes use their rights for commercial purposes. Arguably, this trial will result in some amendments to Local Government Act, which would impose more rigid restrictions on the city counsels. It is of the crucial importance to make this law more specific and more explicit. Now, it can be interpreted from various perspectives and may enable illegal operations. Endnotes 1. Local Government Act 1993. Queensland Parliamentary Council. S, 188. 2. Refer to Local Government Act, S 188 3. Parramatta City Councill v R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd; Parramatta City Council v Mac’s Pty Ltd (2007), (2007) 155 LGERA 362. Biscoe J. 4. Parramatta City Councill v R & R Fazzolari Pty Ltd; Parramatta City Council v Mac’s Pty Ltd (2008) 162 LGERA 1, Tobias JA. Hodgson JA. Palmer J. 5. R & R Fazzolari Pty Limited v Parramatta City Council. Mac’s Pty Limited v Parramatta City Council (2009). S384/2008 & S385/2008 (FRENCH CJGUMMOW, HAYNE, HEYDON AND KIEFEL JJ).
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Key considerations entailed the need to review various provisions in the Articles of Confederation. However, the failure to reach a consensus promoted the abandonment of the Articles, and the onset of the drafting of a new constitution. This new document required the approval of at least nine states before it could take effect within the United States. Although numerous controversies and disagreements faced the creation of the new constitution, its ratification by eleven states was a milestone in American history. The Virgin Plan promoted the establishment of a central form of government that would adopt a people-oriented approach. Madison’s proposal of three distinct elements of governance gave citizens control over the executive and judiciary. Conflicts between the Virgin Plan and propositions by representatives of small states led to the introduction of the New Jersey Plan. Small-states’ representatives viewed the proposal concerning the adoption of a general voting for representatives to the lower legislative, rather than the one-state-one-vote approach, as an unfavorable concept (Foner 258). The New Jersey Plan incorporated various aspects within the Articles of Confederation that promoted the adoption of a unicameral legislature in which the vote per state stipulation remained valid. While the Virgin Plan focused on the inclusion of the public in key aspects of national governance and policymaking, the New Jersey Plan presented recommendations that sought to provide some level of influence to states with low populations, and minimize the dominance by states with high populations in crucial aspects of governance. Although both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson sought the building of a people-oriented country, they differed in their views concerning appropriate approaches that would help America to achieve various objectives. While Hamilton promoted the need to restrict leadership roles to the affluent and educated individuals, Jefferson viewed the government as an entity that could guarantee optimal results through the reliance on the public as decision makers. Another consideration is Hamilton’s support for the establishment of a national government while Jefferson encouraged the inception of a state government. Hamilton and Jefferson differed on various aspects of the economy such as the necessity of a national debt, an agriculture driven versus urban and infrastructural boosted economy, and the distinction between the powers of state governments and the national government. Thomas Jefferson’s views on appropriate governance, as the creation of an entity, which would allow the public to participate in policymaking, highlights aspects similar to Madison’s assertion within the Virgin Plan. On the other hand, Hamilton’s propositions depict aspects of imbalanced governance in which the minority influence decisions that affect the whole population. This demonstrates that he would adopt the New Jersey Plan. The consensus among delegates on the need to promoted unity between states rather than focusing on aspects of equality led to minimal considerations on the issue of slavery. An analysis of the stipulations in the constitution illustrates aspects that strengthened the institution of slavery (Foner 259). The Fugitive Clause and the Three-Fifths Formula gave slave states significant levels of control over slaves. As a citizen of the new American Republic in 1790, I would have favored Madison’s views of a central government as it gives control to the public over crucial aspects of policymaking and leadership. I would have favored the Virgin plan because it clearly outlines the structuring of the government, roles of legislatures and the power bestowed upon the public. Works Cited Foner, Eric. Give me liberty! : an American history . 3rd ed. New York: W W Norton & Company Incorporated, 2012. Print.
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Antonio Villaraigosa, a Latin Politician in the US Essay The history of Latinos in the political scene of the United States has remained uncovered for a long time. There has been a continued struggle by the Latinos to gain access and recognition in the political scene of the United States. The Latin politicians have worked out their way. Beginning with influencing and changing politics in the local scenes, they have managed to influence the national politics of the United States. (Geron 1). One such politician is Antonio Villaraigosa. Villaraigosa has managed to sail through the Anglo-dominated politics to become the mayor of Los Angeles. Villaraigosa is the current major of the city of Los Angeles, the United States. He was born in the year 1953 in the City Terrace, which neighbors Los Angeles. He attended both public and Catholic schools. At the age of 5, his father abandoned the family. Later at 16, he suffered from a benign tumor, which hindered him from engaging in physical activities. He attended the University of California in Los Angeles, where he attained a Bachelor of Arts degree in History in the year 1977. His political leadership can be traced back from the time he was at the University of California. He later enrolled to study law at Peoples College of Law, which was an unaccredited institution that enhances labor unionism in Los Angeles. His dream of becoming a lawyer had several setbacks. He repeatedly failed the California Bar Exam, to be more precise, it happened four times. He then joined unionism, where he served in different capacities (Cummings and Reddy 185). Villaraigosa joined politics in the year 1990, where he served at the Los Angeles Transport Board for four years. He was then elected to the State Assembly of California in the year 1994 (Halle 336). He later became more active and involved in politics and won the Los Angeles mayoral seat in the year 2005. He was later re-elected for a second term in the year 2009. His political strategies The Latin politicians in the United States use two main strategies in gaining popularity in the politics of the country. The first strategy is the use of a vast amount of resources in their campaigns. The second factor that helps the Latin in gaining mileage in US politics is the issue of seeking strong support from their communities (Samovar, Porter, and McDaniel 233). The politics of the United States are often marred with ideologies. The fame of the political contestants is derived from their ideologies. However, this is not what is always done in United States politics, especially in the case of Latin politicians. These politicians are said to spend enormous sums of money on campaigning. In the 2009 elections, Villaraigosa was forced to spend a lot of money nearly fifteen times more funds than his political opponents. This happened at the time when it was claimed that he was facing weak opponents (“Politics” 24). This means that he would have lost the elections if he had had strong opposition. The politics of money is undesirable since it kills creativity in terms of devising a solution to problems a given region or political boundary is facing. Issues are left untouched as people are swayed and influenced by the economic might of the politicians but not by what the politicians can offer to the region. Objectivity is lost in politics as a result of the deployment of economic might or resources in winning political positions. Therefore, I cannot vote for Latin politicians who use economic power as the main tool of campaigning and influencing people to vote for them. Works Cited Cummings, Stephen D, and Patrick B. Reddy. California After Arnold . New York: Algora Pub, 2009. Print. Geron, Kim. Latino Political Power . 2005. Web. Halle, David. New York & Los Angeles: Politics, Society, and Culture : a Comparative View . Chicago: University of Chicago press, 2003. Print. Politics . Plainsboro, N.J: Political World Communications, 2008. Print. Samovar, Larry A, Richard E. Porter, and Edwin R. McDaniel. Intercultural Communication: A Reader . Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2012. Print.
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Battle of Isandlwana and British Army’s Defeat Essay On January 22, 1879, The British army suffered a major defeat at the battle of Isandlwana in South Africa. Several factors contributed to this downfall. It was expected that since the British under Lord Chumsford had superior weapons, they would have easily won the battle. However, that was not the case; the Zulu used indigenous weapons but still emerged victorious. Analysis of what transpired on that day reveals several underlying factors that favored the Zulu to win the battle against the British. One of the major reasons for the Zulu’s win was their numerical superiority as compared to the British. The Zulu army that faced off the British comprised 20,000 well-trained men. The British, on the other hand, had only 1,800 soldiers. This made it easy for the Zulu to attack the British’s main column and conquer. It led to the killing of about 1,500 British troops and around 1,000 warriors from the Zulu side. The British also suffered poor leadership from their commander, Lord Chumsford. This made it impossible for the British to execute their plans in a successful manner. Lord Chumsford did not organize his troops well and had no proper information on how the Zulus were planning to attack. The lack of insight by Lord Chumsford saw the poor deployment of the British troops, thereby leading to heavy defeat (French 62). But what made the Zulu so successful. The Zulu led by Cetshwayo was more organized and devised better methods of attack. Horns of the beast were devised by Cetshwayo in order to attack. In addition, the Zulu had a larger troop as compared to the British troops. They enjoyed numerical superiority (Morris 34). Hardly eleven days after the British army started their attack on the Zulu land had the Zulu settled and organized their warriors for a counterattack. Zulu force was made up of about 20,000 warriors, while the British troops were only 1,800. This numerical superiority acted to their advantage, especially because the Zulu were using traditional iron spears, for instance, an assegai. Further, the unity and will to fight the British further strengthened Zulu warriors. Zulu regimen also did so well in the co-ordination of their activities despite possessing inferior weapons. Chief Cetshwayo, the leader of the Zulu was very tactical. He sent out over 20,000 shoulders across the White Umfolozi River with strong command. He commanded them to match slowly and attack at dawn and eat up all the red soldiers. Both sides employed different combat tactics. However, given the outcome of the war, it can be said that the tactics employed by the Zulu were superior. The Zulu were wise enough to apply and adhere to the principle of mass and surprise. The British, on the other hand, lacked insight and went ahead and attacked the Zulu without securing their territory (Marks and Anthony 16). The Zulu left their main warriors behind and sent a few of them to encourage the British to attack. Immediately the British attacked, the rest of the Zulu warriors came out in full force and attacked. The ratio of Zulu to British soldiers was about 20 to 1. The British were therefore overwhelmed, leading to the painful defeat. In conclusion, we can say it is the organization and unity of the Zulu than made them realize their victory against the British. Works Cited French, Gerald. Lord Chelmsford and the Zulu War. London: John Lane, 1939. Print. Marks, Shula, and Anthony Atmore. “Firearms In Southern Africa: A Survey.” The Journal of African History 12.4 (1971): 517. Print. Morris, Donald. The Washing of the Spears; a History of the Rise of the Zulu Nation under Shaka and Its Fall in the Zulu War of 1879 . New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965. Print.
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Romantic Landscape with Ruined Tower’ by Thomas Cole Essay Romantic Landscape with Ruined Tower, Thomas Cole, 1832-1836, Albany Institute of History and Art. The painter, Thomas Cole, depicted the ruined tower at sunset. The composition is created with the main objects: tower, sky, and stones. Thomas Cole created the painting in such a way that the tower is situated between the sunset sky and the stones. The sunset is on the background, while the stones are on the foreground. The painter chose a bright moment of nature: Thomas Cole painted the sea shore after the storm. In the upper right corner we can see thunderstorm clouds. Another element that makes us think that Cole represented the seashore after the storm is the twigs of several bushes near the tower. They are directed at the clouds. In other words, wind moves the storm away. Moreover, the sea is peaceful, which happen after the storm but not before it. Thomas Cole use colors of different tones to make the painting more vivid and deep. For example, the artist applies dark colors to depict the stones, and light ones to paint the sky and sea. It is obvious that the painter admires nature. He chooses very bright colors and uses contrasts to reveal the beauty of nature. The main colors of the painting are brown, yellow, and green. Compared with The Riesengebirge by Caspar David Friedrich who applied the same colors, we may admit the mood of each painting is absolutely different. While Thomas Cole depicted an optimistic atmosphere of nature after the storm, a rebirth, Caspar David Friedrich represented a gloomy atmosphere of dawn in The Riesengebirge. Moreover, the first painting reveals the early sunset: vivid colors, a multitude of light tones. Caspar paints nature which prepares for the night: everything is still on the painting, everything is quiet. Speaking about Romantic Landscape with Ruined Tower, unlike the painting by Caspar it represents hope. We can see a bright spot of light in the background of the painting. It is nothing but a promise of enjoyable and beautiful light. Another aspect which is different in the two pictures is the season of the year. The Romantic Landscape with Ruined Tower depicts either early autumn or spring, while The Riesengebirge is a story about empty autumn: there are only a few trees in the foreground of the painting. However, they are painted in dark colors which makes them not so important for the composition. The Romantic Landscape with Ruined Tower is a bright example of the Hudson River Valley movement paintings. Representatives of its school drew inspiration from nature. Thomas Cole as a representative of the Hudson River Valley movement created great works which were crammed with splendid details of nature. If you look more attentively at the old tower, you would see verdure on it. The theme of revival is very important for the painter. The world revives after the storm, the tower revives after it was destroyed and abandoned, a person revives after different obstacles in the course of life. Still, the painter paints the storm clouds in detail, that it becomes obvious that Thomas Cole sees different problems as an inevitable part of our life. The painter left the message that all positive moments in our life are felt deeply in full only after some bad moments. All is temporary in our life and hardship too.
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Infectious Diseases Overview and Analysis Research Paper Infectious diseases are those that spread extremely fast and are responsible for most deaths in the world. These diseases are caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other parasites. They bring social and economic disruptions to millions of people all over the world (Global Health, 2010). The exceptionally high level of cases of these infections raises the awareness of the world’s vulnerability to the effects of these infections and thus necessitates the strengthening of the health care systems (Global Health, 2010) These infectious diseases have their impacts more severe among the poorest the group who have very little resources and low medical standards. They have limited access to integrated health care, prevention tools, and medications. However, efforts are being put in line with combating the diseases and progress has been seen on the infections. The sixth-millennium goal is focused on stopping and changing the trend of spread of these infections. Furthermore, there are already noticeable achievements in this fight in that in areas there has been a near eradication of diseases such polio and the guinea worm amongst other tropical diseases. Therefore the only workable solution that can urgently help fight such diseases is to avail enough funds which will go towards, not only eradicating the diseases but also controlling and preventing them. Reference Global Health, 2010, Web. World Health Organization (2006). Neglected tropical diseases, Web.
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The Molecular Basis of the Liposarcoma Disease Essay Researchers attempt to identify molecular changes that cause the development of liposarcomas. This knowledge is important for the prevention and treatment of this disease. An important characteristic of this sarcoma is the presence of giant rod chromosomes and supernumerary ring (Miettinen, 2010, p. 115). This attribute is particularly typical of well-differentiated liposarcoma (Miettinen, 2010, p. 115). Moreover, this chromosome includes different oncogenes such as HMGA2, MDM2, OS1, and some others. In particular, the amplification of MDM2 is associated with an increased risk of liposarcoma. In addition to that, CDK4 is also amplified during this disease (Conyers, Young, & Thomas 2011, p. 3). Researchers pay attention to the important role that this gene plays in the cell cycle. Overall, it is believed that well-differentiated liposarcoma can be trigged by different molecular mechanisms. This is one of the main challenges that have not been overcome yet. Furthermore, it is possible to speak about myxoid liposarcoma that occurs primarily in deep soft tissues (Pfeifer 2006, p. 209). It is characterized by the fusion of the FUS-CHOP gene. Additionally, FUS can be fused with EBP protein. Researchers conjecture that these translocations also lead to the formation of oncogenes (Conyers, Young, & Thomas 2011, p. 3). One should note that mice that have fused FUS-CHOP gene can also have liposarcomas. Currently, researchers rely on such as a technique as interphase FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) since it is useful for detecting possible translocations of genes (Pfeifer 2006, p. 209). Moreover, the patients, who have myxoid liposarcoma, have PIK3CA mutations (Conyers, Young, & Thomas 2011, p. 3). These are some of the main findings. Nevertheless, it is difficult to identify a single underlying cause of this disease. Finally, one can speak about pleomorphic liposarcoma. This disorder is also accompanied by genetic modifications. In particular, it is possible to mention the loss of such chromosomes as 13p14 and 12p13 (Conyers, Young, & Thomas 2011, p. 5). However, the main limitation is that pleomorphic liposarcoma is not very widespread, and there are not many molecular studies of this disease. At present, researchers try to develop effective mouse models because such models can help them better understand the pathogenesis of this disease. On the whole, by understanding the molecular basis of liposarcomas, researchers can develop more effective treatments of this disease. For example, one can speak about MDM2 inhibitors. These are some of the main benefits that can be identified. References Conyers, R, Young, S & Thomas, D 2011, ‘Liposarcoma: Molecular Genetics and Therapeutics’, Sarcoma , vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-13. Web. Miettinen, M 2010, Modern Soft Tissue Pathology: Tumors and Non-Neoplastic Conditions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Web. Pfeifer, J 2006, Molecular Genetic Testing in Surgical Pathology , Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York. Web.
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Introduction 2. History of Asbestos 3. Uses of Asbestos 4. Harmful Effects 5. The Ban of Asbestos 6. Countries still using Asbestos 7. Other Current uses of Asbestos 8. Conclusion 9. References Introduction Asbestos refers to a set of “six naturally occurring silicate minerals exploited commercially for their desirable physical properties” (Hamer & Dodson, 2011). The various types of asbestos normally exist as crystal fibers which are often long and thin in size. There are two categories of asbestos namely the serpentine and the amphibole asbestos (Hamer & Dodson, 2011). The serpentine asbestos is usually white in color and is found in almost every part of the world. Chrysotile is the most common example of serpentine asbestos and it is mainly used to manufacture corrugated roofing sheets. The amphibole asbestos can be either brown or blue in color. The brown type which is popularly known as amosite is associated with the cummingtonite-grunerite solid series and is mainly found in Africa (Hamer & Dodson, 2011). The blue type, crocidolite, is mainly found South Africa. History of Asbestos The origin of asbestos can be traced to Lake Juojarvi region, where its usage began 4500 years ago (Hamer & Dodson, 2011). It was used to make pots and lamp wicks. The first attempt to describe asbestos was made in 300 BC by Theophrastus. His description of asbestos is found in the text titled ‘on stones’ (Hamer & Dodson, 2011). In the United States the use of asbestos began in 1858. However, commercial mining started in 1874 in Quebec’s Appalachian foothills (Hamer & Dodson, 2011). The use of asbestos in manufacturing and construction sectors of most countries became popular towards the end of the nineteen century. Uses of Asbestos In the manufacturing industry, asbestos are used to make the wiring systems of electronic ovens and hot plates (McCulloch, 2008). Its use in the manufacture of electronic ovens is based on the fact that it can resist heat even at very high temperatures. Asbestos is also used in the construction industry to manufacture roofing sheets and pipes (McCulloch, 2008). The characteristics that make it suitable for manufacturing the mentioned building materials include flexibility and high tensile strength (Hamer & Dodson, 2011). Asbestos is also resistant to many chemicals and this makes it suitable for manufacturing building materials. In the US, it has been used to build ships. In the past, “asbestos was used in the automobile industry to manufacture brake pads as well as clutch discs” (Hamer & Dodson, 2011). Harmful Effects Exposure to asbestos especially in its raw form is associated with severe health consequences. If inhaled, the fibers of asbestos can lead to serious diseases (Dewees & Daniels, 2007). The most harmful types of asbestos are amosite and crocidolite. This is because their fibers stay in the lungs for a very long time if inhaled by a person exposed to them. The major diseases caused by asbestos include “mesothelioma, asbestosis, lung cancer, asthma and tumors in animals” (Dewees & Daniels, 2007). The chances of getting ill as a result of being exposed to asbestos’ fibers increase if the exposure time is prolonged. Thus those who are exposed to it on a daily basis are more likely to suffer from asbestos-related illnesses. This is supported by the fact that about 70% to 80% of asbestos-related illness are reported by people who work in manufacturing plants that use asbestos (Dewees & Daniels, 2007). The Ban of Asbestos The use of asbestos has been banned in most developed countries especially in Europe. Owing to the large number of deaths associated with the use of asbestos, most governments have banned its use in order to ensure public safety. Thus the main reason for banning the use of asbestos is the severe health consequences associated with it (McCulloch, 2008). In New Zealand, the use of asbestos was partially banned in 1981 with a full ban being implemented in 2002 (McCulloch, 2008). Australia banned its use by 1991, while in Japan the full ban was implemented in 2004. In the US, the use of asbestos was banned in 1989. However, that decision was changed by a court ruling in 1991 (McCulloch, 2008). Countries still using Asbestos Asbestos is still used in the US especially in the construction sector to manufacture pipes. However, its use is highly regulated in order to ensure the safety of those exposed to it (McCulloch, 2008). There are minimum safety standards that have been set by the government and must be observed to avoid health risks. The use of asbestos is still common in China and Russia (McCulloch, 2008). In these countries, asbestos is mainly used to manufacture corrugated roofing material. Other Current uses of Asbestos Even though asbestos is still being used in some countries, its use as a raw material has greatly declined since the 1990s (McCulloch, 2008). The decline is attributed to both the health hazards associated with it and the high regulation associated with its use. Currently, it is used to manufacture building materials for out-door structures such as garages and warehouses. Conclusion The above discussion indicates that asbestos is a mineral whose physical characteristics include high resistance to heat, high tensile strength and flexibility (Hamer & Dodson, 2011). These qualities make it a suitable raw material in the manufacturing and construction industry. It has been used to manufacture corrugated roofing materials, pipes and electric ovens. Despite having desirable qualities, the use asbestos is associated with severe diseases such as lung cancer, asbestosis and mesothelioma (Dewees & Daniels, 2007). Consequently, its use in many countries has been banned. References Dewees, D., & Daniels, R. (2007). The cost of protecting occupational helath: the asbestos case. Journal of Human Resources, 21(3) , 381-396. Hamer, S., & Dodson, R. (2011). Asbestos: risks assesments, epidemology and health effects. London: Taylor and Francis. McCulloch, J. (2008). Defending the indefendable: the global asbestos industry and its fight to survive. Economic Review, 20(1) , 311-350.
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Personal Interview Method and Its Limitations Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction The interview is a research method that needs thorough planning and exceptional knowledge of the special techniques. Moreover, competence, neutrality, and tactfulness are crucial elements of an interview. Interviewers must be proficient not only in their fields but also in psychology. Although this method may contribute to a detailed understanding of the situation or phenomenon being researched, its appropriateness significantly depends on context. Main body Firstly, the outcomes of an interview depend predominantly on the questions that researchers ask. For instance, qualitative and quantitative questions result in entirely different reflections. The quantitative method includes a prepared set of answers, while the qualitative approach lets the respondents provide broader perspectives (Doody & Noonan, 2013). Responses can be more or less subjective, and the questioner should know how to regulate this subjectivity. Researchers classify interviews as structured, unstructured, and semi-structured. (Doody & Noonan, 2013). Structured interviews have a set protocol of questions, while unstructured and semi-structured interviews comprise open questions on which the respondent should reflect. Various contexts need different types of questions, which can be set or situational. Secondly, a competent questioner is to understand the difference between interviewees’ words and their thought processes. For example, if research demands the full understanding of one’s environment and thoughts, it is to contain “why” and “how” questions. The interviewer should learn to capture the respondent’s thinking process as fully as possible. Therefore, the conversation the aim of which is to reveal the broader context should include core and related questions, which are later subject to improvement through pilot testing (Jamshed, 2014). The recording method is also essential to the interview outcomes as it allows the questioner to detect verbal signals and interpret them. Interview preparation, process, and deciphering should take into account the complexity and potential ambiguity of one’s thoughts. Importantly, experts involved in interviewing consider both interview planning and its deciphering. Proper interview planning depends on the number of tools that are available to researchers. These instruments largely depend on the questioners’ knowledge of trends and advancements in the field. For instance, such approaches as a perceptual map technique can help inquirer identify the preferences of potential customers and understand the targeted audience of a product better. The perceptual map fosters goal-oriented thinking and creates a reference frame that makes communication between interviewer and respondent clearer (Mojtahed, Nunes, Martins, & Peng, 2014). Interview planning and deciphering cannot be done without a good knowledge of models. However, the knowledge of various research methods is not enough for conducting an informative and successful interview. Analysts need a deep understanding of psychology to communicate with interviewees. Being empathic and critical can contribute to obtaining more detailed and confident answers from respondents. Talking with participants about the present instead of concentrating on future or past may encourage the interviewees to feel more confident and speak more freely” (Doody & Noonan, 2013). It is important to remember that some questions make people more defensive while others encourage them to speak freely. Conclusion To conclude, interviewing is a challenging process that needs a multi-faceted approach. Researches should take into account such factors as the psychological environment of the interview, decision-making models, and verbal indicators of participant’s feelings and thoughts. Interviewers are expected to choose the appropriate interview type in accordance to research context and goals. Despite its popularity, the interview method is rather complicated and challenging as it needs constant training of interviewers. References Doody, O., Noonan, M. (2013). Preparing and conducting interviews to collect data. Nurse Researcher, 20 (5), 28-32. Jamshed, S. (2014). Qualitative research method-interviewing and observation. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy, 5 (4), 87-88. Mojtahed, R., Nunes, M. B., Martins, J. T., & Peng, A. (2014). Equipping the constructivist researcher: The combined use of semi-structured interviews and decision-making maps. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 12 (2), 87-95.
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Green Acres Company and GMO Products Research Paper The use of genetically modified products has become widely spread in the present day food industry (Gerasimova 531). The most alarming issue connected with it is the fact that many potential consumers of these products are totally unaware of their side effects. Besides, a lot of companies conceal the presence of genetically modified components in their products (Miller 13). Thus, the consumer is forced to eat GMO without giving his/her consent to this. This creates a serious ethical dilemma. The case at hand concerns Green Acres Inc., which is one of the largest multinational producers of canned fruit and vegetables, known for the use of organic suppliers of their products. Recently, the company has made a decision to use GMO and sell such goods at a lower price. However, customers continue to believe that Green Acres uses only natural materials. Thus, the ethical issue in this case is the dilemma whether the producer should inform consumers of GMO and put its reputation and profit at stake or it should continue making money on people’s misperception (taking into account that no cheating has ever taken place as the company has never claimed to use only organic products). There are three main parties involved in the case: * Green Acres that has to choose the course of further action that would allow preserving both reputation and turnover; * potential consumers, who are deluded about the use of organic products by Green Acres; * the company’s competitors in the industry that can benefit from revealing this secret to the general public. The possible negative financial consequences for the company are evident as well as benefits that can be derived from the situation by its competitors. The most complex issue is possible health impacts for those who continue buying these products without knowing that they contain GMO. With the introduction of GMO in 1996 a number of health problems in the USA has increased dramatically (Shiva 270). A lot of people were diagnosed with chronic diseases, cancer of various types, food allergies, digestive distortions, problems with reproduction, and even such mental disorders as autism. Children run the risk of abnormal physical and psychological development (Bawa and Anilakumar 1037). If I were an employee of Green Acres I would face the same dilemma, whether I should or should not made public that the company uses GMO. The problem is that if I did, I could lose my job, which would be undesirable for me. On the other hand, concealing the information would threaten other people’s health and even life. I suppose that I would discuss this with the CEO in order to understand what course of action the company is determined to take. If they continued deluding people, I would probable opt for revealing their secret as human lives are more important than staying loyal to the company. As the CEO, I could either fire all those who disagree with the policy or try to reach a compromise with them. I think I would discuss the issue with the employees and inform them about the solution the company is going to implement. Green Acres should find the best way out in order to preserve their regular customer base. For example, they can launch a commercial or release an article that would clarify that, since the harmful effects of GMO are neither proved nor disproved, the company now offers both organic and genetically modified products for their consumers to have a freedom of choice in terms of quality and price. That would be both fair and beneficial for the reputation. This is possibly the most ethical course of action as it provides all the necessary information to customers and allows them to decide what to opt for. Works Cited Bawa, A. S. and K. R. Anilakumar. “Genetically Modified Foods: Safety, Risks and Public Concerns – a Review.” Journal of Food, Science and Technology 50.6 (2013): 1035-1046. Print. Miller, Norman, ed. Environmental Politics Casebook: Genetically Modified Foods . Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 2016. Print. Gerasimova, Ksenia. “Debates on Genetically Modified Crops in the Context of Sustainable Development.” Science and Engineering Ethics 22.2 (2016): 525-547. Print. Shiva, Vandana. “Biofortification, Genetic Engineering and Corporate Interests: False solutions to malnutrition.” Development 57.2, 2014): 268-273. Print.
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Creating a Culture of Gender Equality in the Workplace Essay Workplace gender equality is paramount to the company’s success as different employees provide unique perspectives to the business and help it improve and grow. However, many organizations fail to offer equal opportunities, rewards, and resources to both men and women. This proposal will consider the existing gender inequality within the field of architecture and propose several changes an architecture firm should undertake to create a culture of gender equality. Women in architecture are substantially underrepresented, and architecture firms should take action to ensure meaningful changes to the current status quo. According to Arieff (2018), despite approximately 50% of architecture students being female, a small proportion stays in the industry following graduation. Mortice (2019) notes that 44% of women in architecture are primary caregivers, with only 5% of men identifying as primary caregivers in their families. Male and female architects with the same experience level earn different wages, with $140,000 and $120,000 per year, respectively (Mortice, 2019). Furthermore, there are fewer female architects in leadership positions, with a survey conducted by the Equality by Design initiative stating the management in most architecture firms is either all male or predominantly male (Mortice, 2019). Overall, it can be argued that gender inequality in architecture is consolidated with broader patriarchal constructs. The following changes are proposed to the architecture firm to address workplace gender inequality. First, a mentorship program for female architecture students should be established. The influx of female architects will help counter the pipeline effect, which states that the number of women in leadership positions is contingent on the number of junior entrants (Gibson, 2007). Female graduates would benefit from an assisted transition to employment and the support of experienced female architects. Second, workplace flexibility for men and women should be improved. Women are primarily responsible for childcare and “shoulder a disproportionate burden to maintain equal status” (Gibson, 2007, p. 90). It is essential to offer employees different flexible working options that do not compromise their personal lives. Finally, the process for setting salaries and performance evaluations should become more transparent as balanced and objective reviews with measurable targets will help reduce the pay gap between men and women. The proposed changes will help balance the existing playing field in the industry by providing women with more entry-level opportunities and ensuring their private lives are respected. The company is recommended to make structural accommodations for both men and women and promote flexible working. For example, part-time and remote work and flexible or compressed hours should be made available to male and female architects, including those in leadership positions. Day-care centers may be arranged for employees with children. Moreover, once a child is born, both parents are responsible for the upbringing, and shared parental leave should be encouraged. In addition, an equal pay audit should be undertaken once a year to ensure there are no unreasonable disparities. The company is also advised to implement staff surveys to identify any gender inequality issues in the firm. Finally, the firm should monitor all implemented changes and ensure employees are aware of opportunities available to them. The primary challenge for the implementation of the gender-equality plan is a hostile organizational culture. If the employees and management are predominantly male, the proposed changes will be resisted due to the shared values of the majority. In order to overcome this challenge, managers should shape organizational culture by establishing a code of ethics and a general “overhaul of office policies” (Mortice, 2019). The instances of gender-based discrimination should be responded to with disciplinary action. Furthermore, the management should adhere to its code of ethics and the new policies and champion gender equality by example. In summary, gender equality in the workplace is paramount to the success of any business as an inclusive, collaborative environment can be created when all employees are treated equally. Thus, the company is recommended to implement a mentorship program for female graduates interested in pursuing a career in architecture. Moreover, it is advised to establish flexible working options to support workers with families and make salary setting and promotion decisions more transparent. References Arieff, A. (2018). Where are all the female architects? The New York Times. Web. Gibson, K. (2007). Ethics and business: An introduction . Cambridge University Press. Mortice, Z. (2019). Closing the architecture leadership gender gap . American Institute of Architects. Web.
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FedEx Company’s Performance Aspects Case Study Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Technology 3. Annual Savings 4. Information Technology 5. Conclusion Introduction Federal Express (FedEx) is an American company, which was one of the first to use its own aircraft for expedited delivery and provided customers with the ability to track the movement of goods. This organization is a prime example of how a delivery service has become innovative due to a smart approach to operations. At present, FedEx is one of the leaders in the market of courier services. The purpose of this paper is to review the case study of this company and analyze some aspects of its performance. Technology It is not easy to answer the question of whether technology solely may be enough to ensure high-quality service. On the one hand, FedEx is an example of a company that introduced technology to improve its customer service and succeeded. The case study suggests that through the introduction of a new approach, the enterprise was able to decrease the workload of the call center. It was beneficial for the company and improved customer experience to a significant degree. In addition, by having technologies in place that allow clients to locate and weigh packages, they were able to transform their experience. On the other hand, modern or sophisticated technology without human power is not enough to provide clients with high-quality services. In particular, it may be assumed that technology is not always reliable and may lead the company down, which will affect service provision dramatically. Companies also need staff who are knowledgeable about how to use the technology and adapt it to customer needs. When technology fails, the company expects employees to be able to understand what went wrong and fix it. As stated in the case study, FedEx still relies on its call center when their technology is down or when clients have difficulty using it. Some people are more experienced with using advanced technologies, while others might need guidance from the side of employees. Therefore, it may be stated that technology should be accompanied by a skilled workforce. Annual Savings The use of technologies by the company was determined by the desire to utilize them to serve the interests of consumers. Due to the fact that the economy does not imply such a concept as a long-term competitive advantage, the company was looking for a way to meet the changing needs of consumers. FedEx’s business strategy has always been consistent with market requirements and consumer needs, even if they needed to weaken their own business to meet them. Parcel delivery services using computer hardware and software were in demand, and the business developed very rapidly. Moreover, the new services attracted many additional customers, and the overall revenue growth covered the company’s costs of introducing new technologies. According to the case study, the company has been able to save around 1,395,960,000 USD. The number of customer calls fell down, which allowed saving approximately 57,560,000 USD annually. Package-tracking requests were also minimized due to the intense use of technology. This enabled cutting down the costs by 1,360,000,000 USD, which is a dramatic change. Information Technology The company applies various information technologies to address customer needs. For instance, FedEx has a convenient website available in different languages with clear instructions per each service. Using this website, clients can track their parcels and packages. In addition, the company has a service called Ship Manager, which enables clients to weigh their parcels and understand what shipping costs they will need to pay. Using this technology, customers can also link invoices and manage billing and accounting. Importantly, customers can access the company’s website using any type of device (laptop, smartphone, tablet). The technology used by FedEx ensures clients have the best user experience and can keep track of their packages easily and get access to the information within seconds. Clarify is another information technology the enterprise has introduced; it is a customer relationship management software, which allows FedEx to make response time shorter. It not only ensures the company spends less money but also gives an opportunity to transform the customer experience. Information technology enables the company to offer customers different ways to track their shipments. Customers can track the current status of their package, check delivery dates, and change delivery settings. Clients can track their parcels, both using the provided reference or by number. The site allows tracking all the information online, and technology ensures customers get information about the exact location of their packages. However, if necessary or in case of a technology malfunction, clients can always get help not only online but also by phone. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that the introduction of information technology in the company’s operations enabled FedEx to completely transform the customer experience and become one of the leaders in the courier market. The transport infrastructure, coupled with the use of advanced information technologies, makes FedEx one of the largest express carriers in the world. The company understands that it cannot rely on technology solely; therefore, it ensures clients can always receive offline assistance. Nevertheless, the introduction and active use of hardware and software allowed it to save millions of dollars.
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A Social Interaction Problem in the USA Essay Social problems can be simply defined as those problems, which affect the society in addition to the person who falls victim. That is, they are problems that occur outside the limits of personal problems. As such, it is not possible for these problems to be solved by an individual alone since they normally require the intervention of every individual in the society. One such problem is the issue of teenage pregnancy that is currently being experienced in most parts of the world. In America, the issue of teenage pregnancy has proved to be a social problem given the alarming rates of teenage pregnancy being experienced in the nation. Statistics have indicated that about one million teenagers in America get pregnant each year (Gillham 13). This is to mean that approximately one out every four teenagers in America is pregnant or has a child. These rates have proved to be the highest in the Western world. From this, it can be clearly depicted that teenage pregnancy is a critical issue facing the United States of America. Teenage pregnancy is a social interaction problem because of the burden that the society faces as a result of this problem. First, teenage pregnancy in most cases occurs to girls below the age of twenty years. At this age, the girl is normally expected to be pursuing their studies in high school or college. However, when the girl becomes pregnant, chances of going on with their studies are normally minimal (Kaplan). This is because of the fact that the child becomes a burden to the teenage mother hence preventing her from completing her studies. This teenage girl eventually becomes semi-illiterate and it becomes difficult to get a job with their level of education. The pregnancy eventually makes the teenage girl depend on the society hence a burden on the society. For instance, the government of the United States of America recently states that it spends close to $6.9 billion on the public assistance of teenage pregnancy crisis. Secondly, the victims of teenage pregnancy normally refrain from interacting with their peers as they did before the pregnancy (Checkland and Wong). Most of the teenage girls who have fallen victim of teenage pregnancy normally feel ashamed and decide to keep to themselves. As such, teenage pregnancy robs of the teenagers their childhood by making them act as adults while their ages do not allow them to do so. This eventually leads to poor health since they spend most of their time thinking of their situation, which is despised in the society. Having seen at how the problem of teenage pregnancy adversely affects the American society it is important that the preventive and corrective measures be taken in order to help curb this problem. Research conducted in the United States of America has indicated that most of the teenage pregnancies are as a result of lack or poor use of contraceptives (Kaplan). As such, the government of the United States of America should evolve ways through which the entire public and especially the teenagers will be educated and informed of the contraception methods in order to reduce cases of teenage pregnancies. It is also important that the teenagers be informed of the risks of engaging in pre-marital sex such as risks of being infected with the endless list of sexually transmitted infections/ diseases. Works Cited Checkland, David and Wong, James. Teen Pregnancy and Parenting: Social and Ethical Issues . Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1999. Print. Gillham, Bill. The facts about teenage pregnancies . New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 1997. Print. Kaplan, Elaine. Not Our Kind of Girl: Unraveling the Myths of Black Teenage Motherhood . Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997. Print.
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Based on his books, it is possible to study linguistics and construct a dramatic work and disciplines that are not directly related to literature. This paper will analyze Jeffrey R. Wilson’s article Macbeth and criminology , which explores Shakespeare’s play because of the possibility of using some elements to study the phenomenon of criminality. The overall argument is that Shakespeare is the creator of the early versions of criminology as a science by describing the protagonists’ characters and decision-making principles. Early manifestations of modern criminology can be seen in Shakespeare’s dramatic means of expression. The genre of tragedy used in Macbeth poses the question to the reader: who is responsible for committing a crime – the individual or the society? Many of the answers found in work, along with modern criminology, are involved in nature. The first chapter, “Gender and Crime in Macbeth,” shows how Shakespeare came across criminological works and how his work can be used to test existing criminological theories and create new ones (Wilson 471). The second section, “The American Dream and a Scottish Play,” shows how criminological theories can help Shakespeare’s drama’s literary analysis (Wilson 471). The third section, “Madness, Murder, and Cure in Macbeth,” shows how criminological theories can influence modern Shakespearean thinking and how current productions influenced by criminological theories can open up new perspectives on Shakespeare’s original text (Wilson 471). Thus, the source used provides diverse arguments in defense of the thesis about the possibility of using Shakespeare’s literature as the basis for the compilation of criminological theories. The first chapter of the study mainly explores the phenomenon of female perception and manifestations of crime. According to Shakespeare, Scotland in Macbeth represents a particular society with traditional patriarchal values, where men are judged for their masculinity and women for their femininity. The central thesis is that men can only show masculinity in war, and the war itself, which completes the main plot of the play, is a kind of social dynamics that allows them to change their position in society. In a culture where the amount of power you have is directly dependent on violence, one of the easiest ways to become a man in such circumstances is to become a criminal who will do anything (Wilson 475). Thus, the desire to gain masculinity can manifest itself in a committed crime, which has the likelihood of ending in tragedy, as happened in the story of Macbeth. In the play, Lady Macbeth uses her husband’s natural desire to be a man for her selfish ends, although Lord Macbeth has repeatedly shown himself fighting in the war. Upon her return, Lady Macbeth managed to force her husband to kill the king, making him insecure about his gender identity. Thus, according to Shakespeare, a woman perceives generally accepted concepts of cruelty and can use them for her purposes gain. The second chapter takes a closer look at the origins of criminology in the context of fiction. Distinctive elements in the text indicate that in some cases, a person’s decision to commit a crime does not come from his consciousness but from public opinion. A detailed analysis of Macbeth allows to hypothesize that tragedy as a genre was a medieval version of criminology (Wilson, 469). This conclusion can be drawn from Shakespeare’s main questions in work: why do some people harm others? The same goal is pursued by modern criminology using scientific methods. Interpretation of both tragedy genre plots in literature and crimes in real life aims to identify patterns to form new theories that develop scientific knowledge. The third chapter demonstrates a more detailed approach to exploring the relationship between criminology and Shakespeare’s works. In this section, the behavior of Lord and Lady Macbeth is examined from the perspective of the presence of mental illnesses that lead them to use cruelty to achieve their own goals (Wilson 478). In criminology, this section is given special attention, because during the investigation of crimes, it often turns out that criminals indeed have syndromes of depression, insanity, and other mental disorders. Studying methods the characters in the play Macbeth make decisions allows to consider the work as the basis for criminological research. Moreover, in the text, Shakespeare explains why the heroes make this or that decision. I like all three parts of this article because I have never met this kind of interpretation of Shakespeare’s works. The very idea that Macbeth can be used to research criminology is new to me. The presence of a study with a large number of links to related works and detailed work with the text, which allows you to support the theses put forward, will enable you to verify the quality of the job done. Of course, the construction of criminological theories exclusively on literary works is impossible since the data’s scientific nature and validity may be in doubt. However, such an unorthodox approach can yield positive results when researching criminals’ behavior, and by looking at the work of Jeffrey R. Wilson, one can be convinced of this. Work Cited Wilson, Jeffrey R. “Macbeth and Criminology.” College Literature, vol. 46, no.2, 2019, pp. 453-485.
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Why Do the Ethical Problems Arise in Business Sphere? Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Business ethics problems have been taking place for a long time, but lately, people have been forced to face this more often. However, they have acquired a particular side in modern times when the market has been dramatically transformed and competition has become fierce. Now all over the world, the issues of ethics of business relations are widely studied, serve as the subject of scientific discussions and forums, are studied in various educational institutions that train employees for the market. Recently, the problems of business ethics have come to the fore. Main body In the business sphere, ethical problems may arise due to the dishonesty and unreliability of business people or their partners. As a rule, by demonstrating honesty and reliability to a partner, they make it clear that they receive certain guarantees of the effectiveness of interaction with this particular organization (Arnold et al., 2020). Dishonesty in business is a notable characteristic of the early stages of the emergence of an entrepreneurial business and indicates its immaturity and imperfection. Business law is one of the most critical aspects of the business sphere in any country. Business law regulates taxation and establishes the rights and obligations of businesspeople (Ferrell et al., 2019). In addition, laws regulate the ethical attitude of a business to nature and its resources. The issue of environmental pollution is handled, the use of chemically hazardous substances is controlled. The law is also aimed at the correct business partnership between the participants of business relations and their responsibility to each other (Trevino & Nelson, 2021). The role of business law is significant because it helps establish a conscientious and ethical attitude of business people not only to each other but also to nature. Conclusion In conclusion, ethical problems in business often arise due to people’s incorrect and dishonest attitude towards each other and their partners. In addition, ethical issues may develop against the background of the negative impact of business activities on nature and its resources. In these cases, the law plays an important role, as it sets the framework within which people doing business should act. These restrictions help preserve good and conscientious relations between the participants of business relations and, in general, the impact of human activities on nature. References Arnold, D., Beauchamp, T., & Bowie, N. (2020). Ethical theory and business . United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Ferrell, O., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2019). Business ethics: Ethical decision making and cases . USA, Boston: Cengage. Trevino, L., & Nelson, K. (2021). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. New York, NY: Wiley.
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YouTube Videos and Length’s Influence on Their Quality Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction In recent years, video streaming as a way of personal expression and interaction with the audience is becoming increasingly widespread. According to Bytyçi, video content will dominate the media space, and in the foreseeable future, it will occupy 85% of the global Internet traffic (2). As YouTube provides an international platform for video sharing, a substantial number of individuals create personal channels, loaded with content. High-quality videos represent the talent of their creator and his personal identity, trigger emotions, educate, and deliver significant messages to the audience. In this work, the most compelling sketches – the video from Lisa Koshy’s YouTube channel (2019) and Simon’s Cat episode (2008) – and its length’s influence on viewers’ impression will be analyzed. Main body The length of a sketch directly depends on its storyline and included concept; if a video’s idea is utterly expressed, the length is optional. Liza Koshy’s humorous video is considered highly captivating as her banana bread’s cooking process is combined with additional elements and the author’s remarks. Although, the sketch quality, related to the length of this video, depends on people’s viewing purpose. For instance, individuals who search for recipes may be dissatisfied with length, as the video contains additional elements and the absence of essential information concerning cooking. Meanwhile, viewers, attracted by Koshy’s charisma, may prefer her longstanding sketches. Conclusion The represented video of Simon’s Cat is an episode from the series of pictured comic sketches about a cat and its owner. The humorous component of the video consists of a combination of a cat’s animal behavior with human activities. Every episode lasts for several minutes, although this time limitation does not spoil the sketch’s quality; this length makes the film sharper as the concept of humor is revealed in a limited time scale. Works Cited 1. Bytyçi, Rinor. “Understanding the Effectiveness of Video Ads: A Measurement Study.” ResearchGate , 2014. 2. “ Let Me In! – Simon’s Cat| Shorts #2 .” YouTube, uploaded by Simon’s Cat, 2008. Web. 3. “ My Favorite Pastime. I’m Making Bread! Wholesome Whole Wheat .” YouTube, uploaded by Liza Koshy Too, 2019. Web.
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The main difference between them lies in the greater or smaller number of details and specific approaches to describing the process. I find Hiatt’s ADKAR model to be the most concise, and the method of introducing changes that it suggests to be very effective. What appeals to me most is that ADKAR arranges the change in a way that it eventually comes not from the top management but the employees. Apart from strategic planning and outlining targeted results, it requires a series of measures for preparing employees. Compared to other models, ADKAR is more difficult and time-consuming, but, in the end, it guarantees a smooth transition to the new desired position that is imposed not from the outside, but is born within the group of colleagues. I like the approach when employees become active participants in the change, contribute to the common cause, and do not accept the new order passively. It gives an opportunity for more personal insights and ideas, possibly some unexpected and creative opinions and suggestions from workers who become involved in the process and support the initiative. However, there is a strong possibility that not all the employees would welcome and accept the changes, some of them might leave, but it is only natural. Those who advocate the change actively should, as a result, become more loyal to the company, more conscious of their role in working processes, value their contribution, and that of their colleagues. The aspect I see as the advantage of the ADKAR model also contains certain disadvantages, which might create additional difficulties in the process. Firstly, the top managers would need to find the right way and translate the necessity of certain changes, especially if they might not be approved by most of the employees. The creation and implementation of a changing view present the most important stage in the model because it forms the basis for the whole process, and the outcome of the initiative depends on the success of the initial work with the staff. The model implies that employees should embrace the view that the company suggests, be proactive, and ready to participate in the process. They should not only be prepared for professional and personal growth but also be capable of working on it devotedly. Thus, according to the ADKAR model, the main part of the work is done not by the managers, but by the employees. It requires the managers to undertake additional psychological work with their employees to prepare the basement for the coming changes. Implementing this model would only be possible for the managers who have a strong personal and professional authority and enjoy the complete support of their staff. The central idea of the ADKAR model is for employees to become the driving force of changes, given that the top management has enough expertise and personal authority to direct them to the achievement of targeted results. Thus, changes happen as a natural process, through the professional and personal transformation of each employee, and not through imposed commandments that might not find the approval of the employees. Such a gradual transition resembles natural evolution and guarantees long-term success and support among those who have personally participated in the pursuit of a common goal.
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Interactivity in Zoe Beloff’s “Beyond” Web Serial Essay Zoe Beloff can be discussed as both an artist and a filmmaker. Beloff’s Beyond (1995-1997) is an example of the interactive work in which the principle of using the moving images is combined with the idea of creating the virtual space where people can travel and explore new horizons ( Zoe Beloff: Beyond , n.d.). In this essay, it is important to discuss how Beyond utilizes integration, interactivity, immersion, narrativity, and hypermedia because Beloff unites several artistic forms in her work; she allows the involvement of the viewer in the process of selecting the scenario; the viewer becomes the part of the panoramic environment; the narrativity is achieved through different sources; hypermedia is used to produce the final result and effects. Hypermedia and integration can be viewed as the main features of multimedia when artists choose several tools in order to create their art object. In Beyond, Beloff focuses on combining photographs, moving pictures, speakers’ words, recordings, panoramic pictures, and videos in order to create the interactive environment in which a viewer can be involved as a participant or a traveler in the virtual reality, uniting the past and present times (Beloff, 2002, p. 290). While allowing a viewer to manipulate the space with the help of clicking the options presented as images and choosing routes, Beloff intensifies the experienced level of integration, and the unity of media can be felt more clearly. The level of the person’s involvement in the process also increases. Thus, in addition to hypermedia and interaction, Beloff also applies the ideas of interactivity and immersion in the work. Interactivity is accentuated in Beyond because Beloff discusses her work as an interactive film. The space created by Beloff provides a viewer with a lot of opportunities to act in it while transforming the path from the present to the past times. In its turn, the immersion is also achieved when a viewer can choose his own paths in the 360-degree space. Thus, Beloff creates not only the immersive environments but also the participatory spaces, as it is explained by Packer and Jordan (2002). According to Packer and Jordan (2002), integration, interactivity, immersion, narrativity, and hypermedia are closely connected; therefore, narrativity in the work is used to promote the integration, and it is achieved with the help of supporting the pictures with audio recordings that explain the evolution of the technological world (p. xxii). While combining the approaches and tools, Beloff achieves the unique effect on the viewer who feels the part of the dark, horrific, and intriguing space of Beyond . When the viewer watches Beyond, he can feel like wandering through many possible routes, uniting the present time with the past periods. Starting his journey, a viewer can choose any path to follow in order to explore the virtual world of Beyond. The panoramic pictures create the feeling of the full immersion. The music and sound effects create the atmosphere of traveling through time and spaces. A viewer can perceive oneself as opening the door to the world of the late part of the nineteenth century and early part of the twentieth century ( Zoe Beloff: Beyond , n.d.). Moreover, it is also important to note that the journey and exploration of spaces are full of unpredictable moments and discoveries. A traveler can find himself in the unreal world of the metaphor that has many features similar to the real world. The experience of a viewer is unique each time when he chooses this or that path with the help of the film interface. Thus, a viewer becomes emotionally involved in the process, and it is possible to speak about the highest effect of hypermedia on the people’s feelings. Zoe Beloff’s Beyond allows a viewer to think about the film as an interactive experience during which a person can learn new ideas and feel new emotions. Thus, Beyond, as an example of the multimedia, can be discussed as fitting all the qualities of this concept, including integration, interactivity, immersion, narrativity, and hypermedia. The reason is that Beloff combines artistic forms, provides opportunities for the viewer’s involvement in the process, and adds the narrativity to produce the required effect on the viewer. References Beloff, Z. (2002). An ersatz of life: The dream life of technology. In M. Rieser & A. Zapp (Eds.), New screen media (pp. 284-296). London, UK: BFI Publishing. Packer, R., & Jordan, K. (2002). Overture. In K. Jordan & R. Packer (Eds.), Multimedia: From Wagner to virtual reality (pp. xv-xxxviii). New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. Zoe Beloff: Beyond . (n.d.). Web.
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Urban Economics, Political Influences and Use of Space Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Urban political economy refers to the study of how people inhabit and utilize space. Political economy in itself tries to dissect the relationship between material goods and the distribution of power. In the urban centers, there exists a big difference between political weakness and economic strength. The most crucial events to mankind have changed to taking place in the markets and not in the political arena anymore. Discussion On the other hand use of urban space can be pegged to the study of urban design which deals with the arrangement and functionality of the urban centers. With the increase in rural-urban migration, space has become a rare and a source of contention for many. It has been reported in the media more than enough times of a piece of land causing controversy in one city or the other. More often than not the piece of land in question is public land meant for the construction of a market or a recreation facility. However, due to the autonomous powers of our political leaders, they have been repeatedly accused of selling these pieces of land. Most of these cases though, take place in third world countries whereby laws and policies governing the political elite are very lax. The proliferation of skyscrapers that are used as business centers is a result of the limited space available for development. Though populations may increase, space remains constant and it is only through correct utilization that business objectives can be achieved. A good example of such a city is Dubai which is also renowned for entrepreneurship success. However, most politicians believe that having the lion’s share of the urban economic processes will in turn provide more political stability to them. This is especially so when it comes to formulating policies which concern the running of these businesses. Of most concern to urban economists is the rate of taxes charged on them in the course of their economic activities (Henderson, Thisse & Mills, 2004, p. 2390). Thus to earn political mileage, the politicians pretend to be fighting for the rights of the businessmen while in a real sense they are fighting for their own gains both politically and economically. Taking the example of a city such as Barcelona it is clear that some urban politicians are taking their job seriously in trying to provide for the citizens within their jurisdiction. Away from trying to repair the cities that have consistently been destroyed by overpopulation, entrepreneurial cities are putting into consideration the development of more civilized and urbane structures. These will in turn support competitive economic activities, ecological and social activities (Krueger & Gibbs, 2007, p.124). Due to the conflict between a sustainable environment and the population increase in the urban regions, there has been a proliferation of interest and pressure groups who allege to fight for environmental conservation. However critically analyzing their activities, it is quite evident that most of these so-called environment advocates are indeed politicians. However, due to the passion rocking the world especially in regard to global warming and climate change caused by the destruction of the environment, this is more than a sure way for politicians to earn public approval (Krueger & Gibbs, 2007, p.127). Conclusion Urban entrepreneurship cannot be totally delineated from politics due to the political mileage earned by the politicians in engaging in this. Further urban economics can be considered as the backbone of a country’s economic activity considering that most exchanges of ideas and goods, as well as services, normally take place in the urban regions. Due to this realization, rural-urban migration has been immense as people look for greener pastures. This in turn has led to a big conflict between population growth and environmental sustainability which can only be corrected through the introduction and implementation of sound policies to ensure economic growth while still maintaining the environment.. References Henderson, N. P., Thisse, J., & Mills, E. (2004). Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics: Cities and Geography. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishers. Krueger, R., & Gibbs, D. (2007). The sustainable development paradox: urban political economy in the United States and Europe. New York: Guilford Press.
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Case Study Table of Contents 1. Ethical model or decision-making approach 2. Own model 3. Primary research 4. Secondary research 5. References Gossip is unethical behavior based on the various approaches in evaluating what is ethical and what is not ethical. According to the rights approach in evaluating ethical cases, ethical actions should respect and protect moral rights of other people. This view stresses that people have dignity based on their nature or their ability to decide freely what they do with themselves and their lives. The moral right to make one’s own choices and decisions about a lifestyle, truth, harm, some privacy are essential elements of ethics that persons have rights to possess and know. This is a case of individual respecting others rights and choices. Paige should respect choices Cheyenne makes as a person who has rights to her life. The gossips spreading through facebook comments are nasty, causing harm, and further invading privacy of Cheyenne. Utilitarian approach to ethics posits that ethical actions should produce greatest good and least harm to the party concerned i.e. produces greatest right over harm. Paige reacts to Cheyenne behavior not knowing of consequences her friends will post on facebook. Such comments increased the injuries caused to Cheyenne’s character and personality. Gossip serves to increase the amount of harm caused. For the common benefit of everyone, the University should act as an arbitrator in settling the emerging problems in its community (Velasquez and Moberg, 2010). Ethical model or decision-making approach The framework for ethical decision-making requires that we recognize an ethical issue as the initial step. The issue under focus is Facebook gossip or cyber-bullying, which is damaging the character of Cheyenne, which to some extent can result into a legal case. Laying down facts is the second element of ethical decision-making approach. Cheyenne is a party girl and likes to sleep. Paige posts what she has observed on her facebook. Ivy reacts to the facebook post in her own view by posting her radical comments. Tara confronts Paige about cyber-bullying Cheyenne. However, Tara has not consulted all the relevant groups. She has chosen the creative approach of talking about the issue with Paige. Another significant element is to evaluate the alternative actions. We shall base the alternative options on the utilitarian approach, which aims to give the greatest good and eliminate harm. Facebook gossip is harming the reputation of Cheyenne. The best option to Paige is to apologize publicly and withdraw her comments. At the same time, Cheyenne should get advice about partying and its consequence. The rights approach requires Paige to leave Cheyenne live her life as she chooses. In consideration of all the approaches, the utilitarian approach is the best solution since it will produce common good to all parties. Paige will know the dangers of gossiping and Cheyenne will learn to take her studies seriously and desist from partying. The final stage is to act and reflect the outcome of the choice made. The arbitrator (Tara) must reflect how her approach to talk about the issue with Paige will affect her and Ivy. Tara must evaluate all the outcomes and learning points of her action to confront Paige. Own model This model is analytical and hierarchical system, which provides an effective way to deal with the ethical decision-making issues. It prevents drastic decision-making approaches. The first step is to arrange the problem into manageable pieces from general to specific approach. The general problem is that Paige gossiped about Cheyenne, and the distinctive problem arising is Facebook gossip and cyber-bullying. This will give us the objectives, criteria of evaluation and alternative adequacy of solutions (Perry, 2011). We assign weight to each branch of the problem. Paige might feel that her facebook comment was in a light touch. However, Ivy comments cannot be taken lightly. This creates a wide issue of cyber-bullying. We generate alternatives and evaluate them. Evaluation of alternatives involves weighing all the branches of the problem and giving them the alternative responses and actions. We based the approaches on utilitarian and rights approach. The final step involves section of the best approach to the issue. This model requires that we face the problem and give the best solution for all parties. In this regard, utilitarian approach fits the case. Primary research A primary research conducted among fellow students indicates that cyber-bullying is wrong and unethical. Jane says that “I feel cyberbullying is getting worse among college students, and we should address it to promote harmony among students.” Paul sees cyberbullying as a modern form of bullying emerging to replace the traditional forms. He blames technology for it by saying, “We recognize the value of social media in life. However, we should only use it to address vital issues concerning us”. Shan believes that “people cannot avoid gossiping and bullying. However, they should beware of the damage caused to the other parties”. Secondary research Patchin and Hinduja show that cyberbullying is a serious problem among the youths with serious repercussions on their social lives. Robinson Kowalski notes that cyberbullying is rare in some places. However, when cyberbullying happens it can lead to serious depression, isolation and withdrawals in peers. Susan Limber observes that other forms of cyberbullying include harassment, denigration, trickery, ostracism, and cyber stalking (Patchin and Hinduja, 2011). References Patchin, J. and Hinduja, S. (2011). Cyberbullying prevention and response: Expert Perspectives. New York: Routledge. Perry, P. (2011). Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Québec: RFP Evaluation Centers. Velasquez, M. and Moberg, D. (2010, March 5). Ethics Home . Retrieved from Markkula Center of Applied Ethics: https://www.scu.edu/ethics/ethics-resources/ethical-decision-making/a-framework-for-ethical-decision-making/
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There is a hunger all over the world to know how wealth can be attained and maintained. From research, it is evident that majority of the nations that are known to own immense wealth and are economically growing have first concentrated in their laws to guard the rights and legalities of owning property. The laws have to focus on the major needs of its society. United States of America was like a third world country some years ago. Revolution came as the country went through many situations that finally led to their economic freedom. Main Body Firstly to accomplish development United States had to come up with rules and regulations that were to govern the people. The laws were supposed to consider the social economic sector and with a major emphasis on the poor. The property ownership had to be legalized to all the people. This phenomenon was only implemented in the last 200 years in the United States of America by reforms. The laws were made by merging the poor and the rich with a common goal. Unity was therefore the baseline that promoted ownership and ability to own accumulative wealth. The property ownership is not easily understood because it does not come instantly. It is therefore important to follow the process keenly. United States had many foreigners. US had to give rights to own property to the settlers and squatters. This was a great opening for business and capital generation. This was useful in that it promoted maximum exploitation of available resources. It was also a good platform for politics. In addition, the rights to property eased the tension and enhanced security in the US. In the sixteenth Century, a large number of Europeans migrated to the United States. The Europeans came up with their own practices from their government laws. For example, they had laws to regulate prices and wages. Their law included selling of property such as land. The American and European systems contradicted in the way of perception. The United States did not have a consistent land surveying system. This brought confusion in purchasing land and in compensations. There were also many cases of squatting in the United States. In 1727, the Pennsylvanian legislators opposed and protested against the random ownership of the land because the colonial Americans had already taken about 100,000 acres of land. They had even improved it without the knowledge of the government. The general court bought up the idea of recording and documentation of land ownership. The US had to overcome squatting for it was becoming problematic. The US brought some regulations that made it a burden to the immigrants. Since this brought conflict, the squatters made a social contract, to defend their ownership of land. They planted corn or wrote their names on the bark of the trees. It was known as Tomahawk rights. This provoked Native Americans. It was becoming uncontrollable to bring down the population of the Europeans. Instead they became increasingly stubborn and violent as they never wanted to follow the rules of the foreign land. Conclusion To solve this problem, the pre-emption law was introduced. These laws allowed settlers to buy the improved land. The native also got money from surveying their land and issuing of title deeds. Later on the United States government planned to work against the foreigners. They united to buy lands and they acquired 900 million acres, which was a plan against the squatters. They brought down all the fences and their work was not appreciated. This again caused the immigrants to sue them, since they denied them of their rights. This conflict made the US to establish new rules that were sensitive to the needs of human both socially and economically. This is why the power of capitalization is evident in the US. By putting resources together and having public ownership it is easy to achieve great goals. The United States made great achievements and grew economically by using these rules.
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Learning Curve Concept Overview Essay Application of learning curve The essay aims at explaining the six sigma tools and techniques. Six-sigma is used in performing cost-benefit-analysis (CBA) and in quantification of important deliverables to a firm such as quality improvement, cycle time, quantity, cycle time and safety improvement. Six-sigma identifies obstacles and helps to go ahead in time, within budget limits and operational constraints (Learning curve strategy, 2009). Learning curve Whenever an activity is in progress for the first time, workers and operating procedures are untried, hence they use a lot of time and resources. As the activity progresses, workers become familiar with the work and processes such that less time is required. This phenomenon is the learning curve concept, which is an essential concept in profitability and efficiency of the firm. The theory has three assumptions; 1. The expected time of completing an activity decreases as the activity is repeated a number of times. 2. Additional units produced leads to a corresponding decrease in percentage of improvement. 3. Improvement rate is predictable over time. “In general, there will be an increase in terms of performance such that the units produced doubles in a reduced time span after the implementation of the activity” (Learning curve strategy, 2009). The simulation states the process used by Mario to open a Pizza store in Palm Springs in 1950. The store is inside a mall where they have a potential for profit and ability to attract customers. However, Mario is facing a challenge of unsatisfied customers. The situation was worse when clients left the Pizza store without purchasing the products due to long wait time. Mario should focus on customer retention, satisfaction, and getting new customers. To get these changes, he needs to institute a change process that would reduce the total wait time per customer. The average wait time per customer is between seven to nine minutes and he needs to reduce this wait time. They have to provide first class service to their customers and balance their customer’s demands to get the business back to profitability. Mario’s customers come in pairs or in fours. Optimization of peak hours, lunchtime and supper, is essential for the Pizza store. The currently peak time of 6-10:00 PM has a turnover of one table per fifty-three minutes from the progress report. The store has a capacity of 14 tables with four customers each. The learning curve concept is of help to Mario since he has a small business. According to Learning curve strategy, “The process they undertake can use learning curve concept in a number of ways (Learning curve strategy, 2009)”. “The concept of learning curve is from a historical observation whereby individuals who performing repetitive tasks show a considerable improvement in conduct of their job as the job are done repeatedly” (2009). In the simulation of Mario Pizza, the following performance data was available. I made a decision on whether or not to change the current serving cooks, staff and the amount of 2 person and 4 person tables to have the optimal service without cutting profits. S/N WEEKS Number of customers for group of 2 Number of customers for group of 2 Average wait time Average queue length Profit($) 1 1-2 70 106 11.67 3.21 1054 2 3-4 71 105 6.46 2.56 1120 3 5-6 71 105 5.53 2.67 1380 4 7-8 100 140 4.93 2.88 1985 5 9-10 92 147 3.45 2.68 2081 The table shows improvement in performance rate, increase in revenue and there is customer satisfaction which makes them willing to come and spend more. The profits improved from $1054 to $2081 by the end of the process. This shows the Pizza store took the right decisions. The right number of employees and the right combination of the number of tables makes the business activities easy and hence profitable. Presently, Mario has the best business process. However, updating the process in line with changes in technology will serve customers better and efficiently. The reason why business exists is to make profits. Several changes made in the simulation process made it successful (Learning curve strategy, 2009). The average time from analyzing the curve dropped from 11.67 to 5.53 minutes by the end of the month. Week eight’s slope is represented by (11.67 – 3.45)/ (8-0). This means that, the average waiting time reduced by 1.0272/11.67 = 0.0088 which is approximately 0.09. This means that the learning rate is 90% Reference Learning Curve Pricing Strategy . (2009, April 15). Web.
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“Hegemony or Survival” by Noam Chomsky Critique Essay (Critical Writing) The September 11, 2001 attacks gave way to numerous publications criticizing the policy of the American empire. The work Hegemony or Survival: America’s Quest for Global Dominance by Noam Chomsky is one among others that throw light on the United States’ foreign policy problems. The author of the book claims that the United States’ present domination of the world will lead to the overall destruction of the human race. To prove his point Noam Chomsky analyzes the intentions of the US foreign policy starting from George Washington and going up to George W. Bush. Chomsky is concerned with such issues of the American foreign policy history as the involvement of the United States in Central Asia, the conflict between Russia and the US, the alignment of Israel with the US and the like. The author studies the history of the US decision-making, evaluates the leadership abilities of the US politicians and tries to implement this knowledge in order to understand the US foreign policy. Though a large amount of information about the actions of the American Government throughout its history is worked through and the reader’s knowledge on the twentieth-century administrations is enhanced, the author fails to deconstruct the American hegemony and seems just to whine about it in his work. Being typical in its content the book under consideration does not provide the reader with the necessary evidences of the author’s argument. The tone of the book is rather sarcastic which does not contribute to its sound objective. The reader can easily understand that the materials the author resorts to are not that reliable as one might want them to be. Mostly, Chomsky makes use of the newspaper sources and does not go so far as to conduct an analysis of them. The thing is that the materials the author uses present a one-sided view on the problem without giving a proper consideration of the opposing opinion. A mere scholarly critique of foreign policy of the American administration which is not based on the archival research does not seem to be sufficient to prove the author’s point. The author’s reliance on his previous works is not always successful; moreover, not all of the sources used are referenced by Chomsky. One more problem of the Hegemony or Survival is that the author does not sound logical in his arguments: one idea suddenly flows into another without any link that helps the reader understand the message. The only lubricant that Chomsky uses is sarcastic notes about this or that event or action and it is not enough to give a comprehensive analysis of the problem discussed. But the main drawback of the book is rooted in the very position of the author concerning the US politicians who make the world’s history. Chomsky underestimates the policymakers’ intelligence and diligence, his criticism and biased attitude towards the American politicians makes the reader hesitate about the credibility of the author. We are inclined to believe that Chomsky sounds too vague and apocalyptical in his research. Realizing that every person has the right to express his or her position we want this position be more adequate than the one presented in the book we have discussed above. Works Cited 1. Armbrust, Carol. “Hegemony or Survival: America’s Quest for Global Dominance.”The Antioch Review 2005: 594+. 2. Chomsky, Noam. Hegemony or Survival: America’s Quest for Global Dominance. Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, 2003. 3. Hoadley, Stephen. “Hegemony or Survival: America’s Quest for Global Dominance.” New Zealand International Review (2004): 29+. 4. Matthews, Eliza. “Noam Chomsky, Hegemony or Survival: America’s Quest for Global Dominance.” Journal of Australian Studies (2004). 5. Pal, Amitabh. “Empire Unbound.” The Progressive 2004: 40+.
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He was on the earth about 2000yrs ago. He was given power and authority by God and performed many miracles and wonders. He healed the sick, he raised the dead, he cast out demons from the people who were possessed, he cleansed the lepers, he forgave sins, and showed mercy and kindness to all, among many other good things that he did. Many people believed what he taught and followed him whereas others hated him for all that he did. Jesus’ ministry work has been recorded in the Bible in the 4 books of Apostles -Mathew, Mark, Luke, and John. Jesus is revealed differently in the book of Mark and Luke though they ultimately reveal Jesus as the messiah who was sent to redeem the people back to God. The book of Luke portrays Jesus in genuine humanity – how he lived and reveals the work of the Holy Spirit whereas the book of Mark portrays Jesus as a teacher. The book of Luke commences by explaining who Jesus was and how he came to the world. This description is quite interesting and captivating as his conception is divine in nature. Luke, a physician writes that the virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus is told by God that she would conceive and bear a son by the power of the Holy Spirit (Luke1:35) This is divine as we know that in the physical, life is conceived after fertilization of a female egg by a male egg following copulation. The divine Son ship of Jesus interests a person to try to read more about Jesus. The circumcision of Jesus on the 8 th day further reveals the genuine humanity of Jesus. This is also interesting as earlier Luke say that he’s God’s Son, the messiah who will reign (Luke 1:21-22). We know that God himself is a supernatural being who is not like a man and so God’s son having a man’s features shows the power and divinity of God. The book of Mark begins by stating that when he arrived in Galilee….clearly states that Jesus was a man (he walked) and was heading somewhere to accomplish a certain mission. The way the book begins is not as appealing as the book of Luke because a reader would expect this ‘normal” man not to do anything supernatural. The humanity and the compassion of Jesus reveal him as the ideal Savior. In the book of Luke, there are many situations where Jesus identifies with people in real-life situations and works miracles in those situations, for example, He turns water into wine at the wedding in Cana, he heals the lepers, he raises Jairu’s daughter, he weeps, he feeds his followers and disciples, he heals a woman who had been bleeding for 12 years, he healed the lame, the blind and the deaf, and he casts out the demons. His work is quite appealing as Jesus is seen identifying with the pain and the sorrow of the people and did this to accomplish his mission on earth which was to establish God’s kingdom on earth. God’s kingdom is a rounded kingdom that focuses on the wellbeing of a persons’ holistic life. In the book of Mark, Jesus’ teaching is in parables and this makes a learner not fully comprehend them. They are not very appealing. He teaches his disciples and his followers using exciting stories and compares such stories with the kingdom of God. In the parable of the sower, he likens himself to the sower of the seeds (God’s word), he tells the Pharisees to give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar and allows the Children to go to him. His followers wouldn’t understand him as he did what people were not expecting. Therefore, Jesus is revealed more appealing in the book of Luke than in the book of Mark.
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American Apparel Company’s Vertical Integration Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Advantages of the system to American Apparel 3. The contrast between American Apparel and Eastman Kodak 4. References Introduction American Apparel is a large clothing retail company based in the United States. As opposed to most either clothing companies in the U.S, American apparel had chosen to take on a vertically integrated production system. In a vertically integrated system, one company controls the entire supply chain and hence has the ability to dictate terms of production and distribution to its own advantage. Vertical integration however presents a higher scale of complexity in operations management for the parent company. There are a number of costs to keep in mind and to strike a balance against in such a system. Grant (2010) outlines the scopes of vertical integration under three general groups; vertical scope, product scope and geographical scope. In American apparel, the three different levels of scopes had been adopted prior to their major growth success. On a product scope, they had expanded their lines of merchandize beyond cotton t-shirts and knitted clothes. At the initial start of the firm, Charney had managed to expand the firm’s geographical scope to a collective 34 stores operating in different parts of the United States. By 2009, this had drastically increased to 260 stores in 19 countries. The company’s vertical scope of integration was almost complete. They managed all other levels of the chain apart form the production of yarn which they had to purchase from cotton farmers before processing it into the greige fabric. Advantages of the system to American Apparel The advantages of vertical integration are seen when the costs associated with alternative methods of production are avoided. In American Apparel’s case, the administration costs may have been expected to sear higher than those incurred from market contracts with foreign suppliers. This is especially due to their working principles of providing their target market with quality products. To achieve this, they hired quality control supervisors to assure that the quality standards set were consistent for each batch of t-shirts produced. Nevertheless, the greatest edge that American Apparel had over its competitors was its ability to quickly respond to the market. Due to this factor, they managed to offset the heavy administration costs that came with their supply chain system by adding a price premium for the higher quality of their brands. Another angle for appealing to its different market bases in different locations was using prevalent cultural trends. The use of national differentiation as described by Grant (2010) allowed American Apparel to find a niche within each country that it set up its retail stores in. For instance, using movie theatre marquees for their storefronts, in regions where the cinema culture was thriving proved successful. The contrast between American Apparel and Eastman Kodak Eastman Kodak has similarly managed to take off a product scope through market diversification. Unfortunately, their shift into digital imaging software with Easy Share was slightly misguided. They based their strategy on the idea that hardware manufacturing was not bound to evolve as fast as the software industry. This made them cut down their investments in a lower competition industry and enter a highly competitive one that they had not previously gained a dominant position in. This exposed them to the threat of substitute products and new entrants especially online-based apps which are amongst the five forces that shape competition in any industry (Porter, 2008). In sharp contrast American apparels’ success was propelled by the fact that they had managed to identify a sub-niche in the t-shirt market that had not been exploited. They then zoned in on this market which was part of their initial business hence forming a distinct identity in the industry of their core business. Eastman Kodaks strategy should hence have been to pioneer the innovation of digital camera’s hence setting itself apart as a lead innovator for the commodities which was facing the threat of substitute product from smart camera-enabled phones. References Grant, R.M. (2010). Contemporary strategy analysis . West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons. Porter, M.E. (2008). On Competition . Boston, U.S: Harvard business school Publishing Corporation
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Goldsworthy’s and Christo Landscape Art Comparison Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Comparisons 3. Contrast 4. Methods and Means 5. Reaction Introduction Goldsworthy and Christo are two famous landscape artists who are well known for their works. The two artists use their creativity to come up with outdoor artistic impressions which are bold and provocative. As a result, each artist has his own style which he uses to convey different emotions to specific audiences. This paper will compare and contrast the works of the two artists to show their significance in landscape art. Comparisons Goldsworthy uses brightly colored materials to make his work stand out in different environments. He uses photographs and films to record his works to show how different objects are arranged in a landscape. In addition, nature has a big role to play in Goldsworthy’s work because it allows him to use natural materials that exist in an area to develop his installations. This allows him to show the atmosphere surrounding his objects and how they connect to each other to form an impressive visual pattern. Similarly, Christo’s work uses natural colorful elements that exist in different landscapes which are recorded through photographs and films. This enables him to create artworks that show the unity between natural and artificial forms in a landscape and how they relate to each other. Goldsworthy and Christo use color liberally in their artworks to show how their objects appear in different times of the day. Color and tonal variations bring out different meanings in their art works making them more appealing to diverse audiences. In addition, they use color to show different types of moods in their work to appeal to the inner instincts of their audiences. In addition, both artists use natural light in their works to make them more realistic. This enables them to capture the essence of the natural landscapes they are portraying accurately. Contrast Goldsworthy is usually inspired by seas, rivers and other water forms in his work. These water forms allow him to think creatively about what he wants to achieve and how he is going to achieve it. Additionally, he only uses natural materials found in a particular environment to make his installations. This allows him to show the energy within and outside various objects he uses in his artworks to portray how they fit in a particular environment. Some of the key elements that stand out in his works include light, growth, motion and transformation. He uses these elements to display the fluidity with which different forms in the natural environment interact to create an unexpected visual impression. Christo’s work mainly uses fabrics, ropes and cables together with other elements in different landscapes to come up with appealing visual impressions. He wraps his fabrics around different objects making sure they portray different tonal variations to show radical changes they bring to the natural environment. Afterwards he photographs or films the artistic forms created out of his process to illustrate how they fit in a particular natural landscape. He uses external materials in close proximity to distinct natural features in vast landscapes to show how they relate. As a result, this enables landscapes to be interpreted differently by people who view them because they are able to notice the intimacy with which he brings out the tonal variations that exist between different forms. Methods and Means The movement and sound of the water stimulate Goldsworthy’s creative instincts enabling him to internalize the beauty he experiences which is transferred to the artworks he creates. He uses twigs, stones, ice and sticks to come up with attractive artworks which are either filmed or photographed for future exhibitions. The fluidity of water movements and sounds is represented in his works through constant change. As a result, this allows him to transfer what he sees to his artworks. He captures the essence of time and weather in his works by showing how they strengthen or weaken different objects that are displayed. Christo uses large scale installations to show how the progression of his ideas from abstract symbols to realistic forms. His works reveal how landscapes and natural features change when they are altered by different human activities. This approach allows him to develop different projects which have their own identities and uses photographs and films to show how they fit in different natural environments. He uses the vastness of his projects to show how different objects alter the identity of a particular landscape. This gives it a rich and distinct visual impression. Reaction Goldworthy’s landscape art shows the significance of time and how it influences the internal energy within different objects and the external energy that make them move or release different sounds. The tranquility and volatility of different water forms and how they relate to other natural forms are attributes which are effectively portrayed by Goldsworthy and they infuse the reality of nature in his works. Christo’s works focus on relationships between external materials and undisturbed landscapes. His works portray the shift from abstract ideas to reality using fabrics and ropes to create distinctive shapes that combine freely with different landscapes where they are situated. The vastness of his projects ensures relationships between natural o and artificial objects are conveyed clearly.
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W. L. Gore & Associates Inc.’s Leadership Design Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main Body 3. Conclusion 4. Reference List Introduction Creating an environment, in which every single staff member feels important and is capable of making decisions regarding the company-related processes is essential to the overall rate of staff satisfaction as well as the improvement of communication and cooperation among the employees (Matsielle, 2012). Therefore, the principles of responsibilities distribution displayed in the case study can be deemed as rather reasonable. However, the specified approach also requires that the company should consider the change in its leadership design so that it could meet the requirements of the global economy and become competitive in the designated area. Main Body The approach used by W. L. Gore can be deemed as rather reasonable in the instances that require the empowerment of the staff and the enhancement of their motivation, thus, increasing their productivity and creative thinking. Hence, it will be reasonable to assume that the method chosen by W. L. Gore can be used in the setting of a company, which is planning to expand by investing in its staff and their further professional growth. Indeed, a closer look at the HRM strategy design implemented by W. L. Gore will reveal that the promotion of the approach focused on the needs of the key stakeholders, including the analysis of staff satisfaction rates, is essential to the development of the organizations, which are willing to expand through the reinforcement of their employees’ performance and the creation of stronger ties among its members (Hill & Jones, 2012). It should be noted, though, that investing in the staff and its training along with the promotion of an increase in staff satisfaction rates is not the ultimate solution to the problems, which the company may be facing in the environment of the global economy. Particularly, the company could focus on other types of resources, such as the financial ones, which it may retrieve once cutting costs for some of the most expensive processes that occur in its setting. For instance, the leaders of the firm could view reducing the costs taken for some of the logistics processes as a reasonable step to take. Indeed, the recent change of the firm’s brand product and the promotion of a new one, i.e., the dental floss that may reinvent the entire industry, are bound to have a tremendous effect on entrepreneurship in general and its sales rates along with its efficacy in particularly (Picard, 2014). Therefore, there are strong reasons for focusing on the promotion strategy, thus, funding the latter substantively. The incorporation of a number of marketing and branding tools must be considered a necessity; specifically, the integration of the corporate branding principle should be seen as the primary objective, since the designated tool will help create a very distinctive and memorable branding pattern, therefore, contributing to attracting as many customers as possible and increasing the organization’s sales. Speaking of the branding process, one must admit that the firm should consider the improvement of its relationship with its customers, thus, paying attention to the improvement of the customer satisfaction rates along with investing in establishing better communication with its staff. For example, the adoption of a new and improved tool for promoting the brand product to the target audience could be viewed as an option. To be more specific, the firm should consider the incorporation of the latest information technology advances into its set of advertising tools. Particularly, social networks such as Facebook and Instagram can be considered a rather solid platform for entrepreneurship to expand its target audience o by appealing to the target denizens of all age groups (Anttiroiko, 2014). The above-mentioned ambitions, however, will require meeting a variety of challenges; first and most obvious, the way, in which the new brand image is going to appeal to the target denizens of the population, should be identified. In addition, the firm must set the stage for the further expansion into the global market and the possibility of a merger or, at the very least, a partnership with another enterprise, which will help it become easily recognizable and distinctively unique (O’Guinn, Allen, & Semenik, 2014). The managers, however, should not leave the concept of staff satisfaction out of the field, either. Although the stress, which is currently put on it, may seem somewhat excessive, underrepresenting it will also lead to drastic results. By investing in its staff and their further development, the company will make sure that it will retain its quality standards despite the competitive environment (Hartman & Werhane, 2013). Conclusion Becoming a member of the global economy is a challenging task, which is fraught with facing numerous obstacles; however, when setting the priorities straight and focusing on distributing its resources reasonably, the company in question may become successful in its niche. Although the approach adopted by the organization at present creates a very solid foundation for building corporate competitiveness and enhancing staff loyalty among its employees. Nevertheless, by incorporating other elements into its resources disposal strategy, the firm is likely to come up with a more sustainable approach towards the use of its assets. Reference List Anttiroiko, A.-V. (2014). The political economy of city branding . New York City, New York: Routledge. Hartman, L. P., & Werhane, P. H. (2013). The global corporation: Sustainable, effective and ethical practices, a case book. New York City, New York: Routledge. Hill, C., & Jones, G. (2012). Strategic management: An integrated approach . Stamford, Connecticut: Cengage Learning. Matsielle, M. (2012). Knowledge management as a competitive edge in a global economy . Bloomington, Indiana: Xlibris Corporation. O’Guinn, T., Allen, C., & Semenik,R. (2014). Advertising and integrated brand promotion . Stamford, Connecticut: Cengage Learning. Picard, R. G. (2014). Media product portfolios: Issues in management of multiple products and services . New York City, New York: Routledge.
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Diagnosing and Managing Common Cardiovascular Conditions Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Patient Evaluation and Medical History 3. Differential Diagnoses 4. Treatment 5. Education 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction Neurologic conditions may cause severe health outcomes and should be diagnosed and treated timely. In women, the problem is especially significant as some of these illnesses may be unique to females. This paper addresses a case of a patient presented with recurrent headaches. The report suggests the differential diagnoses and outlines the treatment strategy for this case. The paper also discusses the means of educating patients on migraines. Patient Evaluation and Medical History The patient is a 32-year-old Asian American woman who presented to the clinic for recurrent headaches. She notes that the episodes of headaches occur every month and may last up to 12-18 hours. The woman also reports episodes of photophobia, vomiting, and nausea. She uses either acetaminophen or ibuprofen as treatment measures, but sometimes they cause no relief. The patient uses Ortho Tricyclin as a birth control method. The symptoms show that the case may be an example of a neurologic condition. Differential Diagnoses The primary diagnosis for this case is a migraine, which is a condition that can last for hours and days and be associated with sensitivity to light, vomiting, and nausea (“Migraine,” 2019). A migraine can be caused by hormonal changes in women, which, in their turn, are a result of using birth control pills. Differential diagnoses for the patient include 1) intracranial hypotension associated with nausea and vomiting, 2) trigeminal neuralgia that may be determined by the episodes of recurrent severe pain, and 3) narrow-angle glaucoma associated with headaches, nausea, and vomiting (“Trigeminal neuralgia,” 2019). To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to perform blood tests to reveal possible blood vessel problems, along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT) scan, and lumbar puncture. Treatment The treatment strategy for a migraine includes the use of triptans for moderate to severe headaches (Mayans & Walling, 2018). In this case, 6.25 mg of Axert after the first sign of a migraine was recommended, the patient was informed that she should not take more than two doses a day. Alternative treatments for the condition included muscle relaxation exercises once a day, massage therapy once a week, and acupuncture two times a month. Education To educate patients on the management and treatment of migraines, medical professionals should discuss with them the possible causes of the condition. They may include stress, changes in the sleep pattern or environment, diet, and medications (“Migraine,” 2019). It is also vital to discuss the potential adverse effects of birth control medications with female patients. Tharpe, Farley, and Jordan (2017) note that clinicians should consider the history of headaches in prescribing this type of contraception to women. In addition, medical professionals should suggest management strategies based on screening and test results, as the symptoms of the condition can be similar to the signs of more severe diseases. It is crucial to inform individuals that migraines can be managed using the alternative methods discussed above. Conclusion Migraines can lead to severe pain and be associated with other adverse symptoms, such as nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. This case shows that for some individuals, this condition may be caused by hormonal changes related to the use of oral contraceptives. It is necessary to educate female patients about the risk factors associated with birth control pills, as well as educate individuals on the traditional and alternative ways of management of the condition. References Mayans, L., & Walling, A. (2018). Acute migraine headache: Treatment strategies. American family physician , 97 (4), 243-251. Migraine . (2019). Web. Tharpe, N. L., Farley, C., & Jordan, R. G. (2017). Clinical practice guidelines for midwifery & women’s health (5th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Trigeminal neuralgia . (2019). Web.
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It is possible to observe that the Internet of Things (IoT) is the process of connecting various technical objects, which are used in the everyday life, into a holistic communication network. Rose, Eldridge, and Chapin (2015) define the IoT as “scenarios where network connectivity and computing capability extends to objects, sensors and everyday items not normally considered computers” (p. 1). By the means of this process, these objects are able to generate and exchange data without human intervention. Generally speaking, what the IoT does is that it makes the processing of information less difficult, and thus it creates a more diversified and comprehensive informational environment, which enhances the overall technical progress. Practically, this goal is achieved by developing a unified framework that enables heterogeneous technologies to exchange datasets. Arguably, the best example that would help to acquire the understanding of the IoT’s practical importance is that the technology of “smart houses” is based upon the use of the Internet of Things. Naturally, due to the fact that the IoT operates various electronic devices through contemporary communication technologies such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, it is not possible to see what the process looks like. The majority of the IoT working cycle happens when different devices generate and share datasets. From the perspective of the user of the IoT, the result of the work of such systems is available, as he or she is provided with the gathered information in its final form. Further, it is essential to describe how the IoT works so that readers would understand the entirety of the process. There are different perspectives on the categorization of the IoT-related processes; however, to simplify the initial explanation, it is possible to observe that there are three principal operational levels of the IoT architecture: hardware, middleware, and presentation. The hardware level refers to the vast variety of electronic devices, which are responsible for generating datasets. On the second middleware level, the gathered data is stored and processed by other devices. This is the stage in which devices exchange and analyze information. Finally, the presentation level is what people interact with: on this stage, the IoT is responsible for presenting the gathered and processed information is the form that would be easily understandable by the users of the IoT. Once again, the example of “smart houses” would perfectly exemplify each of the three mentioned stages: people are able to acquire information about various conditions in their house since the information from different electronic devices in such houses has been processed by the IoT. Why should the reader be interested in further exploration of this process? As it is mentioned by Rose, Eldridge, and Chapin (2015), the IoT is a rapidly developing sphere of communication technologies and its use is yet to come to its fullest potential. Even despite the fact that further progress in this area should be made, the IoT is widely used currently. Therefore, it is essential to understand how this technology works so that the reader would be familiar with it because he or she would probably come across some IoT systems at a certain point in time. The Internet of Things is one of the most important trends in contemporary telecommunications. Reference Rose, K., Eldridge, S., & Chapin, L. (2015). The internet of things: An overview . Web.
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Introduction 2. Overview 3. Ratio Analysis 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction There are different financial indicators that can be used to evaluate the profitability of a company. However, ratio analysis is more important for potential investors. The main goals of this paper are to review the profile of the Halliburton Company and conduct a ratio analysis of its financial indicators. Overview The company was established at the beginning of the twentieth century. It is one of the leading firms that offer products and services to the energy industry. The company’s founder, Erle Halliburton, borrowed a wagon, pump, and several mules to start “an oil well-cementing business” (“History of Halliburton”). The current Chairman of Halliburton Energy Services is David Lesar. Nowadays, the Halliburton Company collaborates with other players in the oil industry. Some of the main operations that the company performs are “locating hydrocarbons and managing geological data,” “drilling,” and “optimizing production.” (“History of Halliburton”). Although there is a clear decline trend, the company revenue for the first quarter of 2016 was more than $4 billion. Therefore, the company still has a positive cash flow. Ratio Analysis The first stock evaluation indicator is a price/earnings ratio. It is a ratio of the last sale price to the company’s earnings. This ratio is estimated for a specified period. The current price/earnings ratio of the Halliburton Company is 48.77 (“Halliburton Co”). In comparison to other companies in this industry, Halliburton is well-positioned. For example, this indicator for an American company TechnipFMC PLC is 10.9 (“Halliburton Co”). Another Halliburton’s competitor, Subsea 7 SA has 12.2. However, the company is far from the leaders of the industry. Another American company, Core Laboratories NV, has reached a 61.1 price/earnings ratio. Moreover, WorleyParsons Ltd has 106.5 (“Halliburton Co”). Nonetheless, the indicator demonstrates that the company can be very attractive to investors. The next important indicator is the earnings per share. It shows the portion of the profit that is distributed to each share of common stock. Therefore, it also indicates a company’s profitability. Earnings per share are a ratio of the net income to average outstanding share. The current earnings per share of the Halliburton Company are approximately 0.55 (“Halliburton Co”). In comparison to its competitors, the company is ranked relatively high. For example, TechnipFMC PLC has approximately 0.4, Core Laboratories NV – 0.59, Liberty Oilfield Services Inc – 0.61, and McDermott International Inc. – 0.32 (“Halliburton Co”). This indicator determines a share price. Therefore, an investor can understand the market value of a stock. Halliburton’s earnings per share demonstrate that the company is a steady source of income, and thus its current dividend can increase. The next indicator is a dividend yield, which is a ratio that shows the company’s dividend payments relative to a share price. Halliburton’s dividend yield is 1.5 percent (“Halliburton Co”). This number is much higher than the company’s competitors’. For example, TechnipFMC PLC has 0.4 percent, National Oilwell Varco Inc – 0.6 percent, China Oilfield Services Ltd – 0.8, and TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Co ASA – 0.6 (“Halliburton Co”). However, the leaders of the industry are ranked considerably higher by this indicator. Wood Group (John) PLC has 4.2, Schlumberger Ltd – 3.0, and Petrofac Ltd – 9.9. Also, the industry average, 2.0, is a little higher than Halliburton has (“Halliburton Co”). However, the company’s dividend yield demonstrates that it is a good investment opportunity during volatile periods because the company offers adequate payoff options. Conclusion Price/earnings ratio, earnings per share, and dividend yield are measures that show how profitable the company is. These indicators revealed that despite the decline in revenues, Halliburton is still a stable firm. Comparing to its competitors, the company offers many worthy options for investors. Works Cited “Halliburton Co.” MorningStar . 2018. Web. “ History of Halliburton. ” Halliburton . Web.
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Ancient Rhetoricians’ Role and Challenges Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Why I would like to Work as a Rhetorician in Ancient Era 3. Challenges Faced by an Ancient Era Rhetorician 4. Conclusion Introduction Rhetoricians lived in different eras in human history. One of these eras is ancient times. People in this era used rhetoric for various purposes. The applications included making important decisions and resolving disputes. Rhetoric helped people to choose the best course of action through discussions touching on political, religious, and social issues. If I were a time-traveling rhetorician, I would prefer to live and work in the ancient era. A number of reasons inform this preference. Rhetoricians of the time focused on moral and political issues affecting society. Why I would like to Work as a Rhetorician in Ancient Era Ancient rhetoricians argued that there would be differences between them and their modern contemporaries. The people who practiced rhetoric in Athens and Rome during ancient times were able to persuade others to embrace their point of view without resorting to violence. The modern era is characterized by conflicts between philosophy and rhetoric. The rivalry makes it hard to operate in modern times, which makes me prefer the largely peaceful ancient era. Another reason I would like to be an ancient rhetorician is that the practitioners of this era were morally neutral with regard to what constituted responsibility in civil life. They regarded the moral character as a key element of reasoned arguments. They held opinions in high regard. Perspectives were viewed as a source of wisdom. In modern times, thoughts and outlooks are often dismissed as unimportant. Ancient rhetoricians also respected communities. They believed all rhetoric was based on these social entities. As such, opinions were regarded as constructs of the community in which individuals lived. Modern rhetoric concerns itself with political settings. As a result, it is more complicated compared to the ancient era. Ancient rhetoricians hold that language can be used for various purposes. A successful rhetorician could speak convincingly on any topic. However, the language in other eras is not rigid. It changes depending on the situation. Consequently, ancient rhetoric is regarded as a form of communication skill. At the time, rhetoric and public speaking were essential aspects of a successful political life. Students paid rhetoricians in exchange for an education. As a result, the scholars made a living out of their intellectual capabilities. Challenges Faced by an Ancient Era Rhetorician Ancient rhetoricians faced a number of difficulties, which I must be prepared to deal with. Their major goal was to equip people with the skills needed to operate in a free society. However, not all ancient societies were free. Most of them were characterized by varying political and religious orientations. The realities would make it hard to embrace the freedom of thought among rhetoricians and their students. Technical advances highlight human intelligence and the acquisition of new knowledge. Ancient societies were evolving. The changes made rhetoric teaching in an ancient era a complex undertaking. Rhetoricians of this era focused on persuasion in politics and civic life. Success in these endeavors needed a good speaker. As such, lack of oratory skills may negatively impact on the success of an ancient rhetorician regardless of their intelligence. In the modern era, written and literary skills may compensate for a lack of oratory capabilities. The rise of political and religious fanaticism in the ancient era affected rhetorical practitioners, making their work more difficult. In addition, the rise of philosophers as ancient times transitioned into the modern era brought competition to rhetoricians. Philosophers urged citizens to shun rhetoric and pay attention to philosophical thinking, which they claimed embraced higher levels of enlightenment. The changing perspectives and social movements in relation to rhetorical theory will make it hard for me to work in the ancient era. While some of these challenges extend to other eras, it is important to note that they will make my work as a rhetorician more difficult than at other times. Conclusion During the ancient era, rhetoric flourished in open and democratic societies. It aimed at promoting freedoms of speech and assembly. It also enhanced political enfranchisement among communities. Regardless of the various challenges faced by rhetoricians of ancient times, their work was more fulfilling than in other eras.
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Dietary Calcium Intake and Mortality From Cardiovascular Diseases Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Statement of the Problem 2. Background of the Problem 3. Two Primary Article Reviews 4. Summary of the Data 5. Accuracy of the Popular Article and Peer-Reviewed Conclusions 6. Works Cited Statement of the Problem The relationship between dietary calcium intake and cardiovascular diseases has long been a matter of professional concern. The problem to be discussed in this paper is whether dietary calcium intake is related to mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Background of the Problem For many years, calcium intake was promoted as a useful measure to avoid the lack of calcium in the human organism, to improve bone health and reduce the incidence of health complications in the elderly (Xiao et al. E1). However, recently, researchers have started to raise new concerns regarding the potentially adverse impacts of increased calcium intake on cardiovascular health (Bolland et al. c3691). As a result, Xiao et al. designed a prospective study to investigate the association between dietary and supplemental calcium intake and the rates of mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and heart disease (E1). Two Primary Article Reviews The scientific journal article was published by Xiao et al. in JAMA Internal Medicine in April, 2013. In this article, Xiao et al. reported the results of their study, which had been performed to analyze the relationship between dietary and supplemental calcium intake and the rates of mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. Xiao et al. designed a prospective study, which was performed in the period between 1995 and 1996. A total of 388,299 participants were included in the sample (E2). According to Xiao et al., they traced the development of cardiovascular diseases in patients aged 50-71 over the 12 years of follow-up and discovered that “high intake of supplemental calcium is associated with an excess risk of CVD death in men but not in women” (E1). In other words, the relation of calcium intake to cardiovascular diseases is related to gender. The results of the study were also reported in USA Today . It should be noted, that the popular article by Hellmich provides an accurate and trustworthy report of the study results by Xiao et al. (E1). Hellmich reports the most essential findings of Xiao et al., including the fact that the relationship between calcium intake and cardiovascular complications is associated with gender. It is interesting to note that Hellmich goes even further and provides the claims of other nutrition specialists, which support the findings of Xiao et al. In addition, Hellmich provides recommendations to help children and adults manage the daily intake of calcium and avoid the risks of cardiovascular complications. Summary of the Data The data by Xiao et al. show that 70% of women and 51% of men used supplemental calcium intake, which resulted in increased levels of cardiovascular deaths (Xiao et al. E4). Hellmich also reported the number of the sample participants and the period of the study. However, the popular article does not provide any statistical data, to make it readable and understandable to the audience. The accuracy of the popular report does not raise any questions, even though no statistical data are provided. Accuracy of the Popular Article and Peer-Reviewed Conclusions As mentioned earlier, the popular article by Hellmich is a rare example of an accurate and solid report. The author of the article provides an interesting and comprehensive interpretation of the study results that is intended for a non-professional audience. The significance of the study is yet to be determined, but it is clear that its results can become a useful guidance for thousands of older patients and help them avoid cardiovascular problems due to excessive dietary calcium intake. Works Cited Bolland, Mark J., Alison Avenell, John A. Baron, Andrew Grey, Graeme S. MacLennan, Greg D. Gamble & Ian R. Reid. “Effect of Calcium Supplements on Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Events: Meta-Analysis.” British Journal of Medicine, 341 (2010): c3691. Hellmich, Nanci. “Calcium Supplements May Be Bad for a Man’s Heart.” USA Today, 2013. Web. Xiao, Qian, Rachel A. Murphy, Denise K. Houston, Tamara B. Harris, W.H. Chow & Yikung Park. “Dietary and Supplemental Calcium Intake and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality.” JAMA Internal Medicine, 173.8 (2013): E1-E8. Print.
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Breathlessness as an Element of Congestive or Chronic Heart Failure Essay Description of The Purpose Congestive or chronic heart failure (CHF) is a widespread issue among a number of groups, but it is especially prominent among older populations. Although there are an array of quantitative studies regarding the given problem, one might not find plentiful data on the qualitative aspect of the matter. Breathlessness is among the most common elements of CHF, which affects almost all individuals suffering from the issue. Therefore, the purpose of the article is providing an in-depth understanding of how breathlessness affects the selected group and what measures they are undertaking in order to limit its impact. Explanation of Research Design The research revolves around the extensive assessments of the people with CHF, which means that it has a descriptive qualitative design. Discussion of Sample The sample is composed of 25 people with reduced ejection fraction of heart failure. The participants were old with the mean age approximately equal to 77 years-old (Walthall et al., 2017). Description of Data Collection Methods The data collection method was based on the semi-structured interview format, where a more specific version of open-ended questions was asked. It was done in order to preserve the focus of the analysis on the factor of breathlessness itself. Summary of Findings The breathlessness was one of the most daily life limiting factors among all participants. It had some strong ramifications in four distinct areas, which were identified as emotional aspect, daily life hindrance, breathlessness management, and the nature of the issue. Strengths of The Study The key strength of the study is the fact that it directly and precisely focuses on the problem of breathlessness. The given specificity allows the researcher to conduct an in-depth analysis of the topic, which is critical for a qualitative assessment. In addition, one might argue that the sample size is fairly large for the provided research design. Limitations of The Study The main limitation of the study is the notion of participants, where only people with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were studied. The research should also include individuals with CHF with preserved ejection fraction in order to observe their struggles with breathlessness and compare the results of two groups. Recommendations Regarding Potential Applications for Future Practice That Are Insightful and Appropriate The article allows nurses and other medical specialists to gain a more in-depth understanding of breathlessness among people with CHF. The knowledge can be applied in both treatment and care provision, where older individuals with the disease can acquire proper accommodations. In addition, one will be able to integrate the specified breathlessness management technique into nursing and clinical practice, such as sleep positioning and breathing exercises. Reference Walthall, H., Jenkinson, C., & Boulton, M. (2017). Living with breathlessness in chronic heart failure: A qualitative study . Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26 (13-14), 2036-2044.
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The Changes that has Occurred in Transpacific Vietnamese Marriages Essay Scientific innovation, invention, and growth in international cooperation has resulted to corporate citizenship and good cooperation between the Americans and the Vietnamese; according to Hung Cam Thai in his book “Better or For Worse”, globalization has had an effect on transpacific Vietnamese marriages; the Vietnamese are increasing engaging in trans-border marriages. Since the Vietnam War, there has been an increased migration of American-Vietnamese men to Vietnam to look and marry their brides. This paper is paper discusses the changes that has occurred in transpacific Vietnamese marriages because of globalization. The society places income as a main hindrance or facilitator of marriage pin the economy, however with the trend in globalization, women Vietnamese women are getting more exposed to “marriageable men”, these are men with well paying careers from different countries who can maintain a family. On the other hand the bar or unmarriageable men has short as men with low income are increasing with increased “competition: for brides. The Americans are having an upper hand in the system as they are more economically empowered that local Vietnamese e men; this has lead to an increased transpacific Vietnamese marriages. With improved communication systems, Vietnamese are able to date, meet, love and engage in intimate relationships with people who are not in the country. Social networks and international dating organizations are the main platforms that they are using. According to Hung Cam Thai, globalization has opened doors for an improved relationship between men and women. The Vietnamese men were initially taken as the only source of men for their women, however, with globalization, women are able to date and relate with other men living in other places. On the other hand, the current globalized world has seen the emergence of single mother and fathers who are respected in the country despite the notion that existed before globalization. With improved transport networks as well as good relations and interactions among countries, the Vietnamese has been able to move to different countries for various purposes such as education, living and to marry in other places. The Americans can have closer linkage and can migrate to the country in search for wives and lovers. Vietnamese are moving to America, Africa and European countries in search for live hood as well as for socialization; this has been enabled by globalization. Those people migrating to the people are able to mingle with them and develop homes and families. Other than the Vietnamese women moving to other areas, there are immigrates to Vietnam that get a chance to date them and develop relationship in the country. Americans- Vietnamese international cooperation have joined efforts to ensure that they make policies that can benefits the citizens of wither country; this has made the American be able to move to Vietnam more easily and the opposite is true. Vietnam’s education system has established that women needs some special rights and considerations; they have made the system in a way that they can be accommodated, the ministry of finance takes note of some special needs that girls have when in education and establishes such effective systems to look and manage the problems. When the Vietnamese women are able to communicate in English and other languages, they get the chance of being married to men from the Diaspora more so the Americans; this has lead to transpacific Vietnamese marriages. With globalization, women roles have changed and they can do as much as men can do, there is hardly any observable discrimination in gender when dividing roles (Thai 1-13). Works Cited Thai, Hung. For better or for worse: Vietnamese international marriages in the new global economy . New York: Rutgers University Press, 2008. Print.
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Unemployment Rate of Saudi Arabia Research Paper Unemployment is a costly phenomenon; it results in disadvantages and economic losses for the unemployed individuals, the society and the country’s economy in general. Unemployment can be defined as a situation where average individuals are unable to find jobs regardless of their desire to work. This paper discusses the impact of unemployment on the economy of a country and explores the rates of unemployment and GDP growth in Saudi Arabia. First of all, when unemployment occurs, it directly affects the government as it has to pay unemployment benefits to the jobless population. At the same time, the revenues of the government become less because of the inability of the unemployed individuals to pay taxes. Domestic production rates go down as well. As a result, the country’s economy starts to suffer from loss of income and faces the need to borrow money from other countries. Another important impact of unemployment on society is the decrease in individuals’ spending power. The citizens who are insecure about their future income or have no income at all start to reduce their expenses. As a result, the average spending power in the country drops drastically. In other words, when unemployment occurs, the individuals stop to contribute to the country’s economy and instead start to suck money out of the government (Hudson, 2013). Currently, Saudi Arabia is one of the most frequently discussed countries when it comes to high rates of unemployment, and the situation has been this way for several years already. According to the most recent unemployment rates survey, about 6% of the country’s population is unemployed in total (Quarterly Unemployment Rate, 2014). The rates of unemployment among women exceed those of men dramatically, 21-21 % of jobless females versus about 3 % of jobless males. This phenomenon occurs due to religious beliefs. According to fundamentalist interpretations of Islam, men and women who are unrelated by blood should not engage in daily interactions. As a result, women’s involvement in regular labor becomes rather complicated. Moreover, the survey also compares the unemployment rates among Saudi and non-Saudi populations, and it turns out that while the unemployed Saudis compose about 11%, their non-Saudi peers have much lower rates – around 0.5 % only (Quarterly Unemployment Rate, 2014). It is worth mentioning that about two-thirds of the country’s population is represented by the youth – the individuals who are younger than 30 years (Hoetjes, 2013). At the same time, the production in Saudi Arabia has increased affected by the growth of prices for oil, which generally peaked in 2011 and then have been maintaining their level with occasional ups and downs. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been experiencing annual growth in Saudi Arabia. In 2010, before the increase of prices for oil Saudi Arabian GDP estimated 4.8 % annually, whereas in 2011 it jumped as high as 10 %, and in 2012, 2013 and 2014 the growth was slower, yet still significant, 5.4, 2.7, and 3.5 % accordingly (GDP growth (annual %), 2015). Logically, production is directly connected to job creation, which is supposed to provide employment for the jobless population and reduce the rates of unemployment. Yet, in the case of Saudi Arabia, different dynamics are observed. The native population generally remains unemployed because most of the newly created jobs are given to foreign workers. For example, in 2013, the International Monetary Fund noted that in Saudi Arabia, out of two million newly created jobs, one and a half million were obtained by non-Saudi representatives (Hoetjes, 2013). As a result, about 30% of Saudi youth remain without employment. This phenomenon occurs due to several reasons. First of all, the companies operating on the territory of the country prefer to hire foreign workers because, legally, they can be paid lower wages. Secondly, foreign employees are not as protected when it comes to employment. Besides, most Saudis prefer public sector jobs to those of the private sector due to the higher salaries paid by public employers and generally better workplace conditions. Education in Saudi Arabia has been experiencing significant growth over the last several years, which means that these days the number of young graduates is large. As a result, more and more job seekers hit the Saudi Arabian labor market every year, but the government fails to provide them with decent employment opportunities. Some of the most common factors affected by high rates of unemployment are poverty, cost of living, life expectancy and health costs, income per person. Besides, high rates of unemployment affect the overall stability in the country, causing public dissatisfaction with their standard of living and even the growth of criminal activity. In conclusion, Saudi Arabia was positively affected by the increase in oil prices and experienced the improvement of production and active growth of GDP over the last several years. At the same time, the rates of unemployment in the country remain high and affect the native population more than non-Saudis and females more than males, and youth represents the most vulnerable segment. Reference List GDP growth (annual %) . (2015). TheWorldBank. Web. Hoetjes, G. (2013). Unemployment in Saudi Arabia: a Ticking Time Bomb? . Web. Hudson, P. (2013). How Unemployment Rates Affect The Economy . Web. Quarterly Unemployment Rate. (2014). Central Department of Statistics and Information . Web.
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Criminal Justice Inequality in Conflict Theory Essay It goes without saying that in the sphere of criminal justice, informed decision-making and ethics are highly essential. Thus, criminal justice equality is based on the ethical assumption that people have a right for equal legal protection and should be sentenced to fair punishment regardless of their socioeconomic status, race, and education. In turn, criminal justice inequity may be regarded as the violation of these ethical norms and biased attitude to suspected offenders on the basis of stereotypes or prejudice related to his personal peculiarities. At the same time, conflict theory states that any society may be divided into powerful and powerless groups that are in the state of permanent conflict between each other for limited resources. According to this theory, crime is the result of this social conflict as wealthy individuals try to take and keep more resources traditionally by suppressing poor people, and all groups generally aim to maximize their power and wealth. Within conflict theory, criminal justice equality is impossible as the law and its enforcement are used as a tool of dominance by groups with political, social, and economic power to maintain privileged positions over seemingly dangerous subordinate groups. In this case, the deviant behavior of subordinates is criminalized while the same behavior of powerful individuals remains unpunished. Throughout history, in the United States, society was divided into White, politically connected, and wealthy individuals included in a dominant group and racial minorities and politically neglected or poor community members in a subordinate group. Thus, criminal justice inequality may be exemplified by racial disparities when African Americans are treated unfairly and with less respect throughout the whole system “from routine police stops to long-term imprisonment” (Hetey & Eberhardt, 2018, p. 183). Other examples of inequality in terms of criminal justice are international corporations’ frauds and embezzlements on a grand scale by politicians that remain even unnoticeable while ordinary people are sentenced to imprisonment for less serious malefactions. Reference Hetey, R. C., & Eberhardt, J. L. (2018). The numbers don’t speak for themselves: Racial disparities and the persistence of inequality in the criminal justice system. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27 (3), 183-187. Web.
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Ukraine’s Code of Corporate Governance Report Table of Contents 1. Country of Choice 2. Combining Hard Law with CGC to Enhance CG Practice 3. Major Components of CGC 4. Main principles of CGC 5. Reasons for CGC selection 6. References Country of Choice Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe, and, currently, it is not a member of either G20 or OECD groups. It should be noted that Ukraine is also not a member state of the European Union. The country’s corporate code of governance is relatively new and was first approved by the country’s National Securities and Stock Market Commission on March 12, 2020 (National Securities and Stock Market Commission, 2021). Similar to other countries, the Ukrainian code of corporate governance establishes the main principles of effective business governance and provides the nation’s corporations with requirements supporting guidelines they should follow (“Corporate Governance Code,” 2021). The code focuses on outlining of rights and responsibilities of all stakeholders involved in the governance of a corporation. In addition, guidelines and recommendations are provided as to the ethical standards companies in Ukraine should follow to benefit all parties and protect the reputation of the organization (Ivanyshyn & Libanov, 2020). Thus, the country’s newly-approved code of corporate governance covers a wide array of issues that can spring up in corporate business. Combining Hard Law with CGC to Enhance CG Practice The corporate governance code is a set of guidelines and recommendations, and it should be combined with hard law or actual binding legal instruments. Hard laws can include a variety of company, security, or international regulations (“Corporate Governance Code,” 2021). In order to enhance corporate governance practice, it is imperative that the hard laws of the country are supplemented with the code of governance. For example, in Ukraine, shareholders are allowed by law to participate and vote on fundamental decisions of the corporation, vote for members of the board of directors, and other rulings on one “one-share, one vote” principle (Ivanyshyn & Libanov, 2020). Meanwhile, the code recommends that foreign investors be provided with the same opportunities for participation as domestic shareholders and hold the board members responsible for the company’s performance (Ivanyshyn & Libanov, 2020). Thus, the hard law and the newly established soft law in Ukraine reinforce and support each other to improve overall corporate governance. Major Components of CGC There are several major components in the Ukrainian code of corporate governance. Specifically, the code incorporates the following elements: general company objectives, the rights of shareholders, the responsibilities of the board as well as the communication and cooperation between all involved stakeholders. For example, the board component of the code discusses 13 principles, including board size, remuneration, and procedures for the nomination and appointment of directors (Ivanyshyn & Libanov, 2020). Furthermore, the code incorporates guidelines on disclosure, transparency policies, and ethical standards to which Ukrainian business ventures should adhere. For instance, the disclosure and transparency component comprises six central tenets for companies to follow, including recommendations on financial and non-financial reporting (Ivanyshyn & Libanov, 2020). In addition, it should be noted that elements of the code of governance in Ukraine coincide with those of the member countries of G20 and OECD (“Corporate Governance Code,” 2021). Overall, it can be argued that all the components incorporated in the Ukrainian code are varied and diverse enough to facilitate effective corporate governance. Main principles of CGC The corporate governance code’s components outline fundamental principles for efficient company management. The principles included in the code of governance allow policymakers to evaluate and enhance the legal, regulatory, and institutional frameworks and help improve the company’s economic efficiency and financial stability (“Corporate Governance Code,” 2021). There are several primary principles of corporate governance reflected in the components of the code. They include the generation of long-term value for the organization, upholding shareholder rights and board obligations, facilitating communication between all stakeholders, and transparency in all financial and non-financial matters (Ivanyshyn & Libanov, 2020). In addition, the code encompasses the principles of building and maintaining an adequate system of internal controls within the corporation as well as ethical standards of conduct (Ivanyshyn & Libanov, 2020). The final principle is compliance with the standards for corporate governance and ensuring the continual improvement of the existing practices (Ivanyshyn & Libanov, 2020). Thus, the main principles of the code of governance in Ukraine define the responsibilities and rights of the stakeholders and facilitate the continued growth of the country’s business ventures. Reasons for CGC selection Ukraine was selected for this assignment due to the county’s corporate code of governance being relatively recent. As the country is not a member of the G20 or OECD, its corporate governance code presents a unique opportunity to evaluate how business venture administration is viewed in the country and what points are considered most crucial. The inclusion of adherence to annual assessments required by law and additional internal evaluations is an essential principle upon which the code is built. It shows the importance of compliance of companies with the hard laws of the country and helps improve overall corporate values (“Corporate Governance Code,” 2021). In addition, the corporate governance code of Ukraine, as a country operating outside of the G20 and OECD groups, illustrates the tendency to promote the same values and principles in corporate governance. Overall, as a new legal document, the code of corporate governance in Ukraine outlines the principle of corporate administration and helps understand how business there is conducted. References Corporate Governance Code [PowerPoint]. (2021). Ivanyshyn, T., & Libanov, M. (2020). The core code of corporate governance: Requirements and recommendations (118). National Securities and Stock Market Commission. Web. National Securities and Stock Market Commission. (2021). The corporate governance code has been successfully implemented at the largest state-owned enterprises . Web.
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Improving Health. Strategies for Effective Health Promotion. Report (Assessment) Introduction The domain of health promotion and disease prevention is undergoing fast transition with the emergence of new knowledge and development of new practices, and the rising rates of chronic diseases are creating new health challenges before health care providers. Health promotion is defined as “the art of science of motivating people to enhance their lifestyle to achieve complete health, not just the absence of disease” through a combination of strategies to increase awareness, facilitate behavior change, and develop cultures and physical environments that encourage and support healthy lifestyle practices. As the medical costs are expected to exceed 16% of U.S gross domestic product in 2005 and to grow at 7.2% annually through 2015, and even with highest per capita medical costs in the world the United States ranks 26 th in terms of healthy life expectancy, it is suggested that strategies are critically needed to control U.S. medical costs (Background for the health promotion first (funding integrated research , synthesis and training) act and the healthy work force act , 2005). Only through concerted efforts of all the health care providers for changing existing attitudes and practices, adopting realistic strategic planning, and setting goals with measurable results that guide future efforts and improvement these challenges could be surmounted. Body An organization is a collection of individuals who must work together to accomplish common goals, and good management is a collective responsibility of every member of the organization. The organization and its leadership as well as individuals who make up the organization have some specific elements to contribute to the organization’s success. Anticipating and preparing for the future is an important leadership function and the process of managing the constant change that affects almost any organization is captured by the strategic planning process. A strategic planning is a term that is often misused to refer to a specific document, whereas a strategic plan document is one product of strategic planning process, but it is by no means the only product. The strategic planning process tries to answer three key questions such as, Where are we now?; Where do we want to be?; and How do we get there?, with each of the question having numerous dimensions for identifying an organizations strength and weakness covering present, past, and future. It is well established that many in the federal, state, and local public health workforce and national, state, and local community organizations do not have the knowledge and skill of “cultural competence, advocacy, policy development, evaluation, use of community indicators, development of partnerships, convening and facilitation, and use of new communication technologies” to implement the socioecological approach to health promotion and prevention of disease and injury (Navarro et. al. 2006). Even though public health practice combines compassion for others with elements of activism, innovation, and challenge, but the most motivated individuals and the most well–intentioned leaders of organizations can falter when they try to translate their enthusiasm and interests into day-to-day practice. It is essential for everyone in an organization to understand their importance and their contribution to the organization, clearly stating that solid management is not solely the responsibility of the leaders and senior staff, but a joint venture of all concerned. Although health promotion is severely under funded, yet by identifying our greatest weaknesses and opportunities, coordinating health promotion activities, motivating all those concerned in health care delivery, imparting proper training and inculcating managerial skills, and creating a new vision that “truly identifies the community as a stakeholder” will pave way for a new era in health promotion activities. Terry suggests that a broader field of view would generate the passion needed to eliminate inequalities, reduce societal excesses, and balance individual and social responsibility for health” (Terry, 2003, p.143). Taking cue from Drs Evans and Degutis, presented in their article “What It Takes for Congress to Act” all those associated with health promotion profession must mobilize action in the Federal and State policy setting for furthering their demand for leading the mission of solving national health problems (quoted by Terry, 2003). Reference Navarro, Amanda et al., (2006). Recommendation for future efforts in community health promotion: Report of the national expert panel on community health promotion. CDC. 2008. Web. Background for the health promotion first (funding integrated research , synthesis and training) act and the healthy work force act. (2005). Health Promotion Advocates. 2008. Web.
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Focus Group Method in Research Process Essay What is a Focus Group? A Focus group is a certain number of people chosen to test a particular product, service, strategy, TV show, and other activities or objects intended to release in the nearest future. The primary purpose of any focus group is to make its participants express their opinions as to the product or service they have a chance to use and observe. This kind of research is usually implemented by various businesses that launch an innovative item or establish an entire market (Hennink, 2014). Basing on the focus group references, developers or designers might improve or reconsider the philosophy of what they intend to sell to their clients or the purposive audience. What Advantages Might the Focus Group Method Offer in Contrast to an Individual Qualitative Interview? The implementation of the focus group research method is better than the individual qualitative interview if an organizer of a study wants to have an understanding of how one’s product or service is perceived by a broad audience. This option is unavailable with the interview approach as it is aimed at the personal opinions of separate consumers (Krueger & Casey, 2015). Also, it is better to use focus groups when all the sampling members have common interests regarding a research question or object as they might demonstrate accurate statistics as to the possible demand of the considered item on a particular market. “The facilitator uses “group dynamics principles to focus or guide a group in an exchange of ideas, feelings, and experiences on a specific topic” (Sreejesh, Mohapatra, & Anusree, 2014, p. 34). Another reason for choosing the focus group approach instead of individual questionnaires is its ability to demonstrate the sample’s dynamics. Moreover, a sponsor is likely to arrive at precise conclusions due to the acquired clues and participating in a dialogue. Describe How to Conduct Focus Groups in Terms of Recording and Transcription, Number Size of Groups, Moderator Involvement, Participants Selection, Types of Question Adopted A moderator must make written or voice records during the entire research. If an organizer does not have any time to make short notes of the received information, his or her assistant should be responsible for the data collection process. Also, a study participant’s results and recommendations are necessary to the transcript after every session (Nel, Romm, & Tlale, 2014). These transcripts will be analyzed, compared, and evaluated to precisely describe certain results of a study in a research article. It is essential to mention that the number and size of a focus group is one of the most important things that should be considered by study organizers as these factors might vary due to different requirements and objectives (Ryan, Gandha, Culbertson, & Carlson, 2013). However, the groups should remain of moderate size, whereas the number of participants might vary between six and ten individuals. There are two types of moderator involvement: * At one extreme (a moderator does not participate in a group discussion). * Other extreme (a moderator controls the discussion dynamics and topics). Participant selection is a research’s function of the purpose. People should be divided into categories before choosing. Therefore, sampling should be selected by status, geographical location, gender, race, family size, age, and so on (Stewart & Shamdasani, 2015). The types of adopted questions should address the following criteria: * Covering all the necessary topics. * Providing specific and accurate data. * Implying interactions to let participants express their feelings as to a discussion subject. * Considering personal context and perception of every participant. It would be proper to mention that a conducted questionnaire or list of previously prepared questions might be used to organize sessions appropriately. References Hennink, M. M. (2014). Focus group discussions . New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2015). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Nel, N. M., Romm, N. R., & Tlale, L. D. (2014). Reflections on focus group sessions regarding inclusive education: Reconsidering focus group research possibilities. The Australian Educational Researcher, 42 (1), 35-53. Web. Ryan, K. E., Gandha, T., Culbertson, M. J., & Carlson, C. (2013). Focus group evidence. American Journal of Evaluation, 35 (3), 328-345. Web. Sreejesh, S., Mohapatra, S., & Anusree, M. R. (2014). Business research methods: An applied orientation . Cham, CH: Springer. Stewart, D. W., & Shamdasani, P. N. (2015). Focus groups: Theory and practice . Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.
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Hispanic Patients and Dietary Approaches (DASH) Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Research 3. The DASH diet 4. Adaptation 5. References Introduction Non-pharmacological methods of treating diseases such as hypertension have been proved effective. Among them, dietary and lifestyle interventions take a somewhat special place. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) patterns in diet, for instance, are a set of dietary rules to keep systolic blood pressure and BMI under control. Although the DASH diet principles are quite easy to follow, the food patterns may vary from culture to culture, which explains the necessity to acknowledge the patient’s cultural background when explaining the dietary needs. Research The success of culturally adapted DASH patterns was indicated by the known HIP (Hypertension Improvement Project) Latino, targeted specifically at the Hispanic population residing at Triangle area of North Carolina (Rocha-Goldberg et al., 2010). The pretest-posttest design of the study was used to measure the initial status and the post-intervention outcomes for 17 Hispanic males and females with hypertension aged 18 or older (the sample was larger but the response rate was low among the participants). The study showed those who complied with DASH dietary regulations had lower systolic blood pressure compared to the pre-test; the participants also demonstrated a decrease in body weight and better physical performance. The cultural adaptation was regarded as a critical component of the program, which may have contributed to its success. Another success factor may have been the overall compliance with the prescriptions in Hispanics than any other population: research indicates that an overwhelming majority of hypertensive Hispanic patients tend to adhere to dietary regulations when a proper explanation is provided (Nainggolan, 2009). The DASH diet The DASH diet is focused on providing the organism with fiber-rich foods and lean protein and reducing the amount of fat and sugar. Grains are regarded as the main source of energy, with 6-8 servings consumed daily. Vegetables and fruits are other sources of dietary fiber, with 4-5 servings of each per day. A typical DASH daily plan should also include 2-3 servings of low-fat dairy products and 2 servings of lean meat, fish, or poultry. The healthy lipids from nuts and seeds are consumed from 4-5 servings of nuts per week. Unless the patient consumes an adequate amount of fat from the meat, additional servings of fat can be also required during the day. As to sugars, the DASH diet limits the sweets intake to the daily servings of fructose from fruit and additional 5 servings of sugar per week ( The DASH Diet – Spanish , 2015). Adaptation To adapt the DASH plan to the needs of Hispanic patients accustomed to the food within their cultural context, it takes some research into the products generally consumed by the Hispanic population. The general advice to patients can be to seek foods that offer more vegetables and smaller portions of meat. Refried beans should be replaced by whole negro or pinto beans that are not prepared with excess fat. Fried items such as crispy taco shells should be limited, as well as fatty sour cream. The choice should be made in favor of soft whole-wheat or corn tortillas. Suitable food choices could include bean or tortilla soups, grilled chicken soft tacos or enchiladas, lean chicken burritos with green lettuce, pico de gallo with the oil served on the side, etc. The materials and diet plans can be provided in Spanish to enhance understanding and demonstrativeness; a considerable body of such information is present on the Web ( World Cuisine , n.d.). References Nainggolan, L. (2009). Dietary Advice Should Be Tailored to Ethnic Groups . Rocha-Goldberg, M. P., Corsino, L., Batch, B., Voils, C. I., Thorpe, C. T., Bosworth, H. B., & Svetkey, L. P. (2010). Hypertension Improvement Project (HIP) Latino: results of a pilot study of lifestyle intervention for lowering blood pressure in Latino adults. Ethnicity and Health, 15 (3), 269-282. The DASH Diet – Spanish . (2015). World Cuisine . (n.d.).
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According to the authors, the apparel and textile sourcing firms in Honk Kong have always experienced numerous challenges such as turbulent markets and intensive competition. The study identified “how top managers were committed to the strategic procurement process and information sharing with their suppliers” (Yuen and Cheng 1154). Some practices are also critical towards the success of every apparel company. Such practices “include continued commitment to information sharing, long-term interaction with different suppliers, supplier capability auditing (SCA), and establishment of supplier base optimization” (Yuen and Cheng 1148). Such practices have continued to determine the success of different apparel companies in the region. Such ideas are relevant because they can help newcomers develop the best sourcing and procurement strategies. The practices will “make it easier for the companies to achieve their competitive advantages and eventually emerge successful” (Yuen and Cheng 1153). The timely article also examines the major issues affecting every textile and apparel company in Hong Kong. From a personal perspective, I believe that it would be a good idea to do business in China. The country is one of the emerging economies in the world. China’s huge population creates the best market for many apparel companies. The important thing is embracing most of the ideas presented in this article. The approach will ensure every foreign company develops the best corporate sourcing and procurement strategies (Yuen and Cheng 1156). These strategies will ensure every company achieves its competitive advantage. The country economic policies and structures will also support a new business in the apparel industry. Entrepreneurs should also examine the macroeconomic issues associated with the apparel industry. Works Cited Atilgan, Turan 2007, Eco-labeling Applications in the Textile & Apparel Sector in Turkey . Web. Yuen, Simon and Calvin Cheng 2013, Strategic Procurement in Textile and Apparel Sourcing Companies in Hong Kong: A Practitioner’s Perspective . Web.
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The Design of Sales Incentives Plan 2. The Unit Rate Plans 3. Factors that Influence the Dollar Amount 4. References The Buffalo Bisons is a team that has been on the success trail for a couple of years. But recently, its results have dropped, and that is why it needs a quick fix. The essential thing is to find the best mechanism to enable the team to increase its income. The Design of Sales Incentives Plan The first method was to sell tickets to games. It is a good idea, but it has several shortcomings. There was a need for the reconstruction of the stadium. It would come at a cost and needed a lot of money. The fans paid for the less expensive seats and then switch to the premium seats. It showed that even those who were capable of paying for the premiums seats could just switch quickly to the premium seats. It denied the three staff members the needed payment packages. The previous year’s report showed that the workers sold 1,500 premium seats that earned $ 18,000. The 6,000 standard seats earned $ 54,000 while the bleacher seats earned the team $3,500. In total the sales team was able to sell $ 75,500 (Renner, 2013). The second proposal included selling advertising (Wong, 2009). They could place promotional information all around the stadium. In the previous year, it earned the team $908,013. It would be prudent for the team to advance this category with a high vigor because it increases their earnings. The income is higher by several hundreds of dollars. The Unit Rate Plans There is needed a plan to arrange the seats in the stadium in a desirable manner. According to the report of the stadium, there are 6,000 seats in for the premium category. The charges for this section are $12 per seat. The standard seats are 13,000 at a cost of $9 per seat (Renner, 2013). The bleacher seats are 1,900 and cost $7 per seat. The premium seats had only 25 percent of the total expected occupancy. The standard seats achieved 46%. It was the highest among the three because the bleacher seats got only 26%. The best way is to market the standards seats more than before so as to increase the sales (Bisons (Ciletti & Chadwick, 2012). For every ticket the team sells, they should get at least not less than 5% of the earnings. The sales of advertising plan would involve the three staffs supervising the seven other members to place the information. As a result, the staffs who do the ancillary activities would receive a promising bonus of 7% of the totals earnings. The three staffs would earn 12% each of the total earnings. Factors that Influence the Dollar Amount Each seats category has its price. It seems that many fans like the standard group because of its average ratings (Wong, 2009). The price matters a lot to the fans. The team may decide to lower the charges for the premium by about 10%. It would then be $10.8. It would increase the number of fans in the category. The carpeting and renovation of the stadium is a requirement to consider. In the 90s, the team used to fill the stadiums up to an average of 20,000 seats. Right now the number has dropped because the team is no longer a strong contender for the winning awards (Ciletti & Chadwick, 2012). The sales team should also make follow ups on clients’ queries. The Buffalo Bisons can still attain the lost glory in the competitions. They just need to start bringing real results. The sales agents would have an easy time selling the tickets. The management also needs to provide proper incentives to the sales team. References Ciletti, D. & Chadwick, S. (2012). Sports entrepreneurship . Morgantown, West Virginia: Fitness Information Technology. Renner, L. (2013). 1+1=3 The new math of business strategy . Cork, Ireland: BookBaby. Wong, G. (2009). The comprehensive guide to careers in sports . Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
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Year-Round Water Access in South Asian Countries Case Study How can we guarantee year-round water access to South Asians? Water is an essential component of human life. It is vital in domestic use, for example, cooking, drinking, and washing, as well as in industrial processes. Consequently, access to clean water is one of the determinants of human settlement. Many people choose to locate in areas where they can easily access water. In South Asia, the problem of access to water still exists. As such, there have been conflicts between different communities in regard to the control, use, and protection of some water points across several countries in the region. Therefore, having year-round access to water by the inhabitants of the region could go a long way in solving these conflicts. A number of strategies can be employed by the policymakers to ensure that the problem of water scarcity is resolved once and for all. One such strategy is the need for communities to practice groundwater mining through the drilling of boreholes. These boreholes are vital in increasing water supply to the residents of South Asia. Secondly, the government can construct large dams, as well as water reservoirs in different parts of the country. By so doing, rainwater can be stored in the dams and reservoirs, thus reducing cases of flooding when it rains. Moreover, the water stored in dams is for future use. Lastly, many of the countries in South Asia do experience heavy rainfall when the monsoon winds blow over the region. As such, people can be encouraged to harvest rainwater and store it for different purposes. Whose job is it to clean up the rivers? Why? Many of the rivers in South Asia have been heavily polluted. Therefore, the water from these rivers is not suitable for human consumption. Consequently, there is a need for these rivers to be cleaned and protected against perennial pollution. It is the duty of the different local governments in the region to ensure that rivers within their areas of jurisdiction are kept clean all year round. A government is mandated to offer essential basic services to its citizens. Furthermore, the local people, who are the first beneficiaries, do need to ensure the rivers are clean. These people should avoid dumping waste in the rivers, thereby keeping them clean. The locals have a responsibility to ensure that water within their proximity is clean. Is it ethical to try and stop people from releasing their cremated relatives into the rivers? Ethics demands that actions are undertaken to benefit the public. It is evident that water pollution has negative impacts on the community. Thus, it is ethical for people to stop releasing cremated relatives into rivers. Such people can be educated on the dangers associated with water pollution. Consequently, it is imperative that such people are stopped from, so doing, which is ethical. Can we limit people’s access to basic human necessities? Why or why not? Every human being has a right to access their basic necessity in life. Therefore, limiting their access to basic necessities like water violates their basic human rights. Consequently, every human being has to access their basic human necessities in life, and hence they should not be limited to access them in any way. How are issues of overpopulation and industrialization relevant to the use and protection of water resources? Overpopulation and industrialization are some of the key factors that influence the use of water resources in any country and, consequently, its protection. In places where there is overpopulation, there would be available water resources for the whole population. As a result, there would be conflicts in regard to the control of the limited water resources. The water resources available may eventually not be enough for such a high population. Additionally, industries dump their wastes into rivers hence increasing cases of pollution. This hampers protection measures, especially in cases where there are many industries in a given locality.
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Of all these forms of renewables, geothermal energy is perceived as one of the renowned forms of renewable energy which is generated from the crust of the earth. This kind of energy however persists as heat that is deposited within the core of the earth (AusAID 2000, p.3). Thus, just like supplementary energy sources, geothermal energy has both disadvantages and advantages given that no any source of energy is deemed perfect. One advantages of geothermal energy is that this kind of energy is renewable and clean. Basically, geothermal energy is renewable since it is continually replaced by the decay of the radioactive minerals which occur at the rate of thirty TW. Geothermal energy is a clean renewable energy source because it emits minimal greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (Fräss-Ehrfeld 2010, p.124). This happens to be the case since geothermal power plants are made of control systems which minimize the emissions of greenhouse gases emanating from the possessed drawn-fluids. Besides, geothermal energy is a renewable form of energy which may be used directly. In the contemporary society, geothermal energy has unswervingly been drawn on when lighting households and this mainly occurs through geothermal heat pumps. In the olden days, hot springs which were forms of geothermal energy, was used to bath. This implies that, geothermal energy hardly suffers from the intermittency issues such as those experienced in wind and solar energy sources (Fräss-Ehrfeld 2010, p.125). In fact, geothermal energy is a reliable source of renewable energy given that it is always available and does not need energy stowage solutions to function every moment. Minimal freshwater and land are required when harnessing the geothermal energy. This cannot be compared to solar energy which needs a lot of water to cool and a large area for harnessing. A geothermal plant just needs 1.4 square mi/gigawatt with only twenty liters of fresh water apiece megawatts per hour for cooling (Vogel & Kalb 2010, p.337). On the other hand, geothermal energy is associated with high cost of implementation. The initial capital cost is only used in drilling and exploitation. Currently, drilling and constructing a geothermal power plant costs two to five million pounds, for each electric megawatt that is produced. Furthermore, geothermal energy is only available in very few countries because such power plants are just cost effective in regions situated next to the plate tectonic boundaries (AusAID 2000, p.4). However, this problem is currently overcome via the use of enhanced geographical systems which expands the degree of feasible geothermal sources. Deficiency in competent workers required during the installation of geothermal systems is a further disadvantage. Unlike wind and solar energy that cost less and require less qualified staffs, geothermal is unpopular, hence needs more competent personnel. Finally, geothermal resources have been locally depleted in certain geothermal sites like geysers. This implies that when extracting geothermal energy, there must be close monitoring to evade such local resource depletion to ensure long run supportable geothermal energy (Vogel & Kalb 2010, p.338). In fact, when the advanced geothermal systems are not adequately handled with care, they could possibly prompt earthquakes. This might in turn severely affect the stability of land. In conclusion therefore, geothermal energy has become the preferred source of renewable energy in an environment where energy sources have continually gained increased demand. Despite the advantages associated with geothermal energy, this type of energy also has disadvantages. However, pros of geothermal energy clearly outweigh its cons thus making it to be the most admirable alternative source of energy. The pros and cons of geothermal energy mainly relate to its efficiency, cost, reliability and environmental effects. References AusAID 2000, “ Power for the people: Renewable energy in developing countries” . Web. Fräss-Ehrfeld , C 2010, Renewable energy sources: a chance to combat climate change , Kluwer Law International, New York, NY. Vogel, W & Kalb, H 2010, Large-scale solar thermal power: Technologies, costs and development , John Wiley & Sons, Sudbury, MA.
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Automobile Trade, Tariffs or Quotas Research Paper Tariffs and quotas can be described as various and different trade restrictions. These restrictions are mostly imposed on exports and imports. Different countries have come up with tariffs and quotas to protect their domestic industries and ensure that they earn revenues (Sheffrin 9). A tariff is a tax that is revised every now and then on exports and imports. Therefore, tariffs will automatically affect international trade in Big Drive Auto. This is as far as the company’s automobile goods and services are concerned. As far as international trade is concerned, these tariffs and quotas will affect the price of automobile products. Since Big Drive Auto is located in Canada, it will want to enhance its operations in the global market. Therefore, it will be exposed to different quotas and tariffs (Salvatore 14). Since a tariff is a tax, it will raise the price of different products that the company will distribute to the market (Steedman 32). In this case, consumers will find the company’s products to be a little bit expensive. This will ultimately affect sales. Because every country has its own quota system, there will be limits on the amount of goods and services that the company has to export (Sheffrin 16). As a matter of fact, Big Drives automobile products prices will be raised beyond the market equilibrium price. It should therefore be known that these tariffs and quotas will lead to a decrease in demand for the company’s products (Steedman 17). This will ultimately limit the supply of Big Drive Auto’s automobile products. These tariffs come in different forms with various intentions depending on the country of origin (Salvatore 18). For example, the tariff may be levied in order to align the price of imported products with that of the locally produced products. This means that such tariffs are levied to level the playing field. As time goes by, Big Drive Auto might want to distribute its automobile products to various customers in different countries around the world. This means that various trade policies and exchange rates will end up facilitating or reducing the company’s exports. Exchange rates will ultimately affect the company’s exports in a broad way (Sheffrin 26). The USD is recognized as the world’s official trading currency. Since Big Drive Auto is located in Canada, its exports to other countries will be determined by the exchange rates at that particular time. For instance, if the company is exporting its goods to other countries and Canada’s local currency becomes strong, its products will end up being expensive. This will affect the final demand and supply. On the other hand, if the company is importing goods in different countries and its home currency becomes weak; its products will end up being expensive. It should be known that exchange rates keep on fluctuating as time goes by and can never be constant (Salvatore 27). Different developing countries have come up with various policies and quotas to encourage and enhance foreign investments. World trade organization has been on the forefront to enhance trade between different countries (Salvatore 31). As a matter of fact, the international trade policy has provided various production subsidies that will end up facilitating Big Drive Auto’s exports. Countries like Hungary have reduced quotas and tariffs on different automobile imports. In this case, the company will be able to increase its exports in such markets. Big Drive Auto should know that exchange rates bring productivity differences that end up affecting the company’s terms of trade. These terms of trade affect the company’s exports to other countries and should be clearly understood as time goes by. For instance, preferential tariffs have reduced import duties on automobile products that Big Drive Auto exports (Salvatore 44). This will increase the company’s sales in new international markets. Works cited Salvatore, Dominick. Introduction to International Economics . New Jersey: Wiley, 2005. Print. Sheffrin, M, Steven. Economics: Principles in action . New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2003. Print. Steedman, Ian. Fundamental Issues in Trade Theory . London: MacMillan, 1979. Print.
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Solar System Formation Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Asteroid and Gas Giant Eras 2. Planetary Formation 3. Planetary Migration 4. References Asteroid and Gas Giant Eras The first 2-4 million years since the formation of the Solar System were the time of the first asteroid formation. The first asteroids have been accreted less than a million years after the Solar System formation, and they have undergone different processes throughout the next several million years. Some of the asteroid-forming processes include melting through impacts or internal nuclear reactions. The 26 Al decay that heated the asteroids has been depleted within approximately a million years after their formation, and they began differentiating into different types (Pfalzner et al., 2015). Those that possessed Al and Ca inclusions are called chondritic asteroids and have not differentiated; they have been largely unchanged since their accretion. The position of the asteroids relative to the center of the System also influence their mineral composition. The chondritic asteroids developed near the frost line contained different secondary minerals that formed with the help of water ice (Jogo et al., 2017). Several million years after accretion, asteroids began to form terrestrial planets, which is a process that stretched past 10 million years after Solar System formed. The Jovian planets have formed much further away from the center of the System than the terrestrial ones, and they have done so outside the frost line. Their formation is presumed to be due to heavy elements being aggregated into a core, which then began to gradually accrete gas from its surroundings. The dense core of a gas giant acquires the mass several times larger than Earth within a couple of million years. Jupiter formed in a similar process, and some of the heavy elements present in the primordial planetesimals have remained in its envelope (Lozovsky et al., 2017). The gas and heavy element envelopes of the gas giants catch other planetesimals and dissolve them before they reach the core, enriching itself. Jupiter’s presence pulled and halted the dispersal of planetesimals and gas, which caused Saturn to form uncharacteristically quickly (Kobayashi, Ormel, & Ida, 2012). That process allowed Saturn to keep its signature rings, which were not pulled into the envelope. Planetary Formation The frost line is a boundary between the two regions, which separates the System’s inner region where water and other elements are volatile because of the heat and get pushed out by solar winds, and the outer region, where they freeze into solid ice. That solid ice becomes available for the accretion of planetesimals, which allows them to grow larger and denser, eventually drifting into each other and forming gas giants. The terrestrial planets are smaller and rockier because there was less matter to accrete, and it was drier. A colder star would likely move the frost line closer, and vice versa. The expansion of the disc of matter around the star also heats it, which moves the frost line further from the star. Planetary Migration The formation of gas giants occurred much earlier than that of the terrestrial planets. In the astrophysical models, it is very likely that gas giants then migrate closer to the star. There is some debate in the field on the topic, but it seems likely that Jupiter has migrated inwards, and then was pulled back by Saturn. The early migration of Jupiter to the distance approximating 1.5 AUs from the Sun would create conditions that support the accretion of terrestrial planets, and explain why Mars is smaller than the rest of them, being at the outer edge of the truncated disc. Jupiter would then move back beyond the frost line, closer to where it was initially formed (Walsh, 2011). Other similar planets form stable orbits much closer to their stars, making the Solar System an anomaly. References Jogo, K., Nakamura, T., Ito, M., Wakita, S., Zolotov, M. Y., & Messenger, S. R. (2017). Mn–Cr ages and formation conditions of fayalite in CV3 carbonaceous chondrites: Constraints on the accretion ages of chondritic asteroids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 199 , 58–74. Kobayashi, H., Ormel, C. W., & Ida, S. (2012). Rapid formation of Saturn after Jupiter completion. The Astrophysical Journal, 756 (1), 70. Lozovsky, M., Helled, R., Rosenberg, E. D., & Bodenheimer, P. (2017). Jupiter’s formation and its primordial internal structure. The Astrophysical Journal, 836 (2), 227. Pfalzner, S., Davies, M. B., Gounelle, M., Johansen, A., Münker, C., Lacerda, P., … Veras, D. (2015). The formation of the solar system. Physica Scripta, 90 (6), 068001. Walsh, K. J., Morbidelli, A., Raymond, S. N., O’Brien, D. P., & Mandell, A. M. (2011). A low mass for Mars from Jupiter’s early gas-driven migration. Nature, 475 (7355), 206–209.
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When considering the freedoms animals are deprived of, animal rights activists compare them with humans and argue that animals should not be used for entertainment, sports, experiments, clothes, and food (Pollan). At the same time, there are acute issues concerning disabled people whom some consider not to deserve the right to live. As such, the question of what is a “good life” and a “good death” both for humans and animals raises many arguments and opinions, some of which are so remarkably contradictory that it seems strange that they are expressed by the same persons. One of the most famous animal rights defenders is Peter Singer whose book Animal Liberation has become a hymn of activists and turned thousands of people from animal-eaters to vegans (Pollan). In Singer’s book, as well as in many other pathetic writings and speeches, it is mentioned that animals should be treated decently, their dignity should be protected and respected, and they should be considered as “beings” rather than “things” (Pollan). This all sounds very well, but there are too many considerations to take into account when talking about complete refusal from consuming animals as food or exploiting them in any other way. It is quite complicated to define a “good life” for animals since everyone suggests a definition from his or her own point of view. Those who do not consider eating and wearing animals a crime think that a “good life” for animals is being fed and taken care of and living in comfort and warmth. Those who find eating animals a murder argue that a “good life” for them is merely leaving them alone and letting them do whatever they want. However, these people seem to underestimate the number of animals that, in such cases, will populate the planet, without being restricted in reproductive functions and being given an opportunity to go wherever they wish. Also, as Pollan notes, the “cultural confusion” prevents people from creating a unanimous definition of what is a “good life” for animals. It is so because while they defend the notion of equal treatment for people and animals, they make a classification of these species, which inevitably leads to more confusion and unfairness. While dogs receive presents on holidays, rarely do animal rights activists care to think about how miserable a pig’s life is. According to Pollan’s observation, with the loss of eye contact, people lost the ability to accurately formulate their attitude to some animals. While the definition of a “good life” and a “good death” for animals is quite disputable, outlining the same concepts for humans is not an easy matter as well. In fact, it is astonishing that the very same people who argue that animals are equal to humans should say that some humans do not deserve to live if they have some afflictions. Peter Singer defends animals’ rights with the idea that everyone should experience equal treatment no matter “what abilities they may possess” (Pollan). At the same time, this very same Singer argues that babies born with a disability should be euthanized and replaced with non-disabled ones with a “greater chance at happiness” (Johnson). It is impossible to disagree with Johnson, who states that the fact of having or not having a disability cannot possibly predict a person’s quality of life. In fact, she herself is a shining example of how a person with a physical impairment can be gifted in many other ways and contribute more to society than some physically perfect individuals may. Thus, a “good life” for a person may be explained in a way similar to the explanation of an animal’s “good life” – it is the possibility to live and strive for best with the possible support and without obstruction. However, despite the resemblance of these definitions, it seems that people should be given at least a slightly bigger chance than animals. This chance should be greater at least because they can contribute so much more to the world. Including, though not limited to, the issue of rights and equality of different species. It is not possible to define what makes a “good life” and a “good death” for humans and other animals with high precision since there are too many contradictory opinions on these issues. Some consider eating animals a normal thing while others equate it to murder. At the same time, there are people who argue that individuals born with afflictions should not be given the right to live. The “sentiment and brutality” existing side by side in people’s treatment of animals is also rather acutely present in people’s approaches to treating each other (Pollan). There is no single definition of a “good life” and a “good death.” Probably the only thing that unites all attempts to define these concepts is that both people and animals should be treated with dignity. The definition of this dignity, though, is not an entirely new and not less complicated question. Works Cited Johnson, Harriet. “Unspeakable Conversations.” The New York Times Magazine . 2003, Web. Pollan, Michael. “An Animal’s Place.” The New York Times Magazine . 2002, Web.
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Strategic Planning in the IT Department of the New Castle Hospital Case Study When actions and decisions are produced in a disciplined manner, they culminate into strategic planning process. Before initiating strategic planning process at the IT department of the New Castle Hospital, it is necessary to identify the key individuals who will be involved. These include the planning team, board of directors, staff and clients. Second, it is also necessary to make use of planning so that the best results can be attained. In this case, the basic planning model will work quite well with the hospital’s ED information system. This model will assist in setting up and evaluating the mission statement of the hospital, goals and objectives to be met, approaches or strategies to be used in meeting the goals, viable action plans, and establishing functional strategic action plans. Third, the specific issues hampering the operation of the Information Technology department should be listed down. For example, poorly trained members of staff are one of the key challenges facing the department in the hospital. Listing down the challenges will assist in prioritizing specific needs that demand to be given rapid attention. Thereafter, the plan ought to be explained and eventually adopted by the top organ of the management team drawn form the hospital. Future meetings can be planned by the board in order to deliberate the emerging issues. The planning process should be accorded adequate time. A facilitator can also be used in this process. Finally, the progress of the plan should be checked out on a regular basis. Some of the factors listed in the case include competition, poor reimbursement, alienation of workforce due to six months of strike, and reduced public confidence. Moreover, the hospital’s capital reserves were depleted due to heavy financial losses. The board and the management team’s neglect also took place for several years. Out of the challenges noted above, overcoming financial difficulty that is currently being faced by the hospital will not be easy. Even though management teams can be re-constituted, it is imperative to mention that the New Castle Hospital has undergone gross financial losses for a long time. In particular, the hospital’s facility demands additional investment in most departments so as to revamp the services being offered to clients. At the same time, the hospital consumes a lot in terms of the recurrent expenditures such as wages and salaries for employees. Unless external sources of funding the hospital’s activities are sought, restoring the facility to its past financial status will remain cumbersome. As it stands now, the ED physician management teams are not willing to accommodate changes. There is lack of vital data for managing the ED. The hospital does not have a formal strategic action plan. There is no IT steering committee besides lack of essential training for IT staff. These limitations demand adequate financial resources. The strategic plan of the ED IS will indeed yield positive results if all the recommendations put forward by the new CEO are executed. For instance, change management is one of the core proposals of the new CEO. If members of staff are made to understand the importance of embracing change, the emergency department will immensely benefit due to the viable ideas. The performance of this hospital cannot improve if change is resisted by employees. In addition, if the key ED processes are informed and not merely programmed in an automated system, it will be possible to improve the information system services at the ED of the New Castle hospital because the daily census reports shall be reconciled in the most effective manner.
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Atypical Symptoms in Geriatric Patients Coursework Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Vomiting and Myocardial Infarction in a Patient 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Age-associated changes in older adult patients often cause atypical presentations, which complicates the assessment and treatment of their health problems. Various pathologies and impaired homeostasis are the two main issues that are regarded as the premises of atypical symptoms in this population. This paper aims to examine a case of a patient who had vomiting as the only sign of myocardial infarction, which was identified in the course of the health evaluation process. Vomiting and Myocardial Infarction in a Patient One of the key symptoms of myocardial infarction is chest pain with moderate or severe intensity, of compressive or burning fashion. There may be associated symptoms such as severe weakness, cold, sweat, tremors, dyspnea, coughing, dizziness, et cetera (Jung et al., 2017). A person may experience emotional increase, and behavioral disorders may be observed, including the development of psychosis. Also, a heart attack or a pre-drug state may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension. An 86-year-old man was hospitalized with vomiting that was present 2-3 times daily within the last three days. In the given patient, none of the mentioned symptoms except for vomiting were present. Betancourt, Hames, and Rivas (2015) state that many older adult patients develop atypical symptoms that can be divided into three categories, including vague, altered/unexpected, and asymptomatic. At the same time, it should be emphasized that geriatric patients are less likely to experience and complain of chest pain in the pre-myocardial infarction phase, “ranging from 4.7% to 33% with poorer clinical outcomes” (Jung et al., 2017). In the emergency, it is especially important to recognize atypical symptoms and understand them properly (Hofman, van den Hanenberg, Sierevelt, & Tulner, 2017). Based on the mentioned considerations, the geriatric care doctor who evaluated this patient assumed cardiac problems and referred him to further diagnostics. To ensure proper patient evaluation, three diagnostic measures were applied, such as the electrocardiogram (ECG), the blood test, and physical assessment. As the recording of the electrical activity of the heart, ECG allowed determining that vomiting is related to heart problems as well as their severity. The visual diagnosis methods, including echocardiography and perfusion scintigraphy, helped to confirm that the patient had a heart attack within the last day. In addition, blood tests revealed an increase in the levels of troponins and CK-MB, which indicate heart damage. Among the strategies that were implemented to compensate for heart failure of the given patient, there was the implementation of a statin regimen, and appropriate rest. To eliminate vomiting, Pedialyte was assigned for rehydration purposes (Engberding & Wenger, 2017). More to the point, liquid drinking and dieting were regulated accordingly: 3/5 was composed of complex carbohydrates and proteins, and salt intake was eliminated. The daily amount of food was divided into 4-5 small portions, and the gap between meals in 2-3 hours was maintained. Conclusion To conclude, the atypical presentations are common in older adult patients since they have affected homeostasis and multiple chronic diseases. The evidence shows that vomiting can be the only symptom of cardiac issues, which points to the need to pay attention to this concern of the given population. The case of the patient that was considered in this paper clarifies that evaluation and treatment of geriatric patients with atypical symptoms should involve a range of tools and tests to ensure that their conditions were understood correctly, and the most relevant treatment option was selected. References Betancourt, G., Hames, E., & Rivas, K. (2015). Atypical presentations of common conditions in geriatric patients. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association , 16 (3), B5. Engberding, N., & Wenger, N. K. (2017). Acute coronary syndromes in the elderly. F1000Research , 6 , 1791-1798. Hofman, M. R., van den Hanenberg, F., Sierevelt, I. N., & Tulner, C. R. (2017). Elderly patients with an atypical presentation of illness in the emergency. Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 75 (6), 241-246. Jung, Y. J., Yoon, J. L., Kim, H. S., Lee, A. Y., Kim, M. Y., & Cho, J. J. (2017). Atypical clinical presentation of geriatric syndrome in elderly patients with pneumonia or coronary artery disease. Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research , 21 (4), 158-163.
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Blackfoot People in the Native Americans History Essay The Blackfoot people represent the Native American tribes, which were subdivided into four parts. The Siksika, Blood, south, and north Piegan are the four components of the Blackfoot tribe who were the Native Americans. According to history, the Blackfoot tribe stretched from the Missouri River, which is located in Montana to the Saskatchewan River located in Canada. The four tribes consisted of common cultural values and language. In addition, the tribes inter-married and held ceremonial gatherings to enhance their culture, rituals, and mutual understanding amongst themselves. The subdivision of the Blackfoot people in certain seasons resulted in the creation of smaller groups and easier communication and migration aspects. The Blackfoot people were the first to migrate to the Western regions depending on vegetables and buffalos as their food and diet. The current situation of the Blackfoot people was resulted from numerous reasons and factors. The presence of the Europeans in the form of traders acts as the origin of the changes experienced by the Blackfoot people. Various experiences started happening to the natives due to the arrival of the Europeans and the introduction of the various Europeans cultures and norms. The Blackfoot people were introduced to English by the Europeans. They adopted English and Western culture, leaving their native language and culture. The creation of division amongst the Blackfoot people produced loopholes and easier control and attack from the Europeans. The provision of schools, hospitals, and other facilities from the Europeans gained trust and admiration from the Blackfoot people due to the various challenges and sicknesses faced through the migration process and in the natural habitats. The vitality and strength of the four tribes reduced drastically with the increase of the Europeans in their midst. The current situation of the Blackfoot people depends on their status, demography or location, and the support provided through the various institutions. The status of the Blackfoot language consisted of the Siksika and Pikanii Blackfoot dialects as the common languages used by the four tribes. The language produced cohesion and understanding amongst the four tribes before the interaction and relation with the Europeans. After the trade relationship and interaction with the Europeans, the Blackfoot people started enumerating the Western culture. This produced an understanding between the Blackfoot people and the Europeans, but it weakened the Blackfoot culture in various ways. The social, economic, and language status changed with the increase of the Europeans and their culture. The Blackfoot language is currently practiced by an approximation of 8000 people, but it is subdivided into two languages. The older generation practices the ancient Blackfoot culture and language, whereas the current generation practices the ‘New Blackfoot.’ There are various institutions that were introduced in America with the aim of destroying the Blackfoot language. The schools and the police force are the major institutions that were used in demolishing the Blackfoot language and the Blackfoot people. The police were used to enforce the law, which limited people from speaking and using their native languages in communication and dialogue. In addition, the schools taught using common languages and restricted their students from using native languages. There are numerous ways of revitalizing the Blackfoot culture and language. Learning and teaching institutions are the main institutions that can be used to restore the Blackfoot language and Native American culture. This can be achieved through the close relationship between the Blackfoot people and the American government. The social workers, anthropologists, linguistics, and the American population, should join in the diversification and revitalization of the Blackfoot language. In addition, the government should enhance equitability and cohesion amongst its citizens.
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Introduction 2. Critique 3. Reflexive part 4. References Introduction Smoking in India and the world at large leads to numerous harmful effects among them lung cancer thereby leading to many deaths. This has led to an outcry by the world over for the urgency to ban smoking in public under the support of the World Health Organization (WHO). In celebration of Mahatma Gandhi’s birthday this year, the Indian government made an announcement banning public smoking. How does this really impact the fight against the effects of smoking? Is this the best action to combat the situation? This paper is a critique of the article “Passive smoking greater health hazard: Nimhans” by Stephen David. In this article, David has expounded on research carried out in a qualitative manner by the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (Nimhans) to identify the dimensions of smoking in India’s population. The article focuses on analyzing the findings of the study and compares them to the reactions to the ban on public smoking. This paper, therefore, is a critique of the aforesaid article by Stephen David. Critique David has written the paper-based not on his findings alone but based o the research by Nimhans. It would thus appear that much of the arguments presented in the article are not his own but those of Nimhans. From the article, we learn that David views the health challenge that smoking poses to humans as something not to be overlooked as it stretches deep to the younger generation in recent times. This means that the problem is not temporary and thus means and ways of fighting it should be long-term. Therefore, the idea of banning public smoking does not really sound efficient to him. David prefers fighting smoking as a whole and specifically fighting the attitude that smokers are fronting in order to discourage new smokers and young children from taking up the trend. From the article, he says that smokers and especially men seem more attractive than nonsmokers. There are various ways we can explain the attractiveness projected by smokers. First, we have to seek to know to which class a majority of smokers are from. For instance, it might be that a majority of smokers are wealthy and hence their attractiveness is conservatively related to smoking. Again we have to appreciate the relativity of the word attractive. What is attractive to particular sex might not have the same effect on the other sex. Therefore the attractiveness of smokers cannot be exclusively linked to smoking only as there might be other contributing factors. Reflexive part The fight against smoking is being directed at smokers instead of smoking as a habit. I, therefore, hold the opinion that the route being taken by the government is all wrong. Nevertheless, the idea to protect the public from the harmful effects of smoking is correct though the manner of doing so is problematic in my own view. Why because? Punishing offenders is not discouraging smoking as such but only postponing the issue by making them fall back in their private residences where they can safely carry o the dangerous habit. In such a situation I see that the idea of banning public smoking is not fighting smoking or creating more awareness in the public about the dangers of smoking. Such a campaign seems to say that “smoking is okay as long as it is not done in public”. A majority of the nonsmokers support the ban but does it really mean they are not exposed to passive smoke, no. A fifth of smokers does it at home. So exposure to passive smoke is reduced minimally. All in all the danger of passive smoke is not adequately addressed by the ban on public smoking. References David, Stephen, Passive smoking greater health hazard: Nimhans, 2008.
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Car-manufacturing industries are left guessing what exactly triggered this popularity. Whether it was the environmental concern, the fascination with new opportunities or just the necessity to get a taste of something new, Hybrids seem to have become a huge hit. Their advantages and drawbacks, however, are yet to be explored. Starting with the positive aspects of the given product, which immediately made the public’s enthusiasm escalate, was the fact that Hybrid cars were completely environmentally friendly and did not pollute the environment. Another strong feature of modern hybrid cars is that it allows for numerous variations in combining a gas engine with electric motor and batteries. As Hybrids 101 says, there are parallel and series hybrids, full and mild hybrids, plug-in hybrids, full electrics, etc. Thus, choosing a hybrid car turns into a much more flexible process than the choice of a diesel car; a potential owner can practically find the car adjusted exactly to his/her needs. Speaking of maintenance, a hybrid car does not require “any special maintenance beyond what a regular car needs” ( Hybrids 101. Guide to Gasoline-Electric Hybrid Cars and Powertrains ). The last, but not the last argument in favor of hybrids is that there is no friction in the engine; therefore, less damage is caused to the latter. However, hybrid cars also have their weak aspects, and the most notorious one is their vulnerability to the effects of the outside factors, especially weather. Being lighter than traditional cars, hybrids can be damaged considerably in case of a storm. Temperature fall can also serve as the fatal blow to a hybrid car; since the batteries, which hybrids work on, are not prone to changes in temperature, when the weather changes suddenly, the hybrid’s performance quality is most likely to drop. The last, but not the least argument brings one back to the environmental issues, which the creators of Hybrid cars claim to have finally solved. True, the car does not affect the environment when being used – at least, it does not affect it as badly as a diesel car does. However, in the process of manufacturing Hybrid cars, twice as much harm is being made to nature ( Hybrids and Diesel: Do They Save Money? ). With that being said, one must agree that Hybrid cars need improvements. The premise for their creation is truly fascinating – people need to take care of the environment. The price, however, is too high, with the production process being as much, if not twice as much, as harmful as the effects of a regular car. Like the use of diesel cars, the use of hybrids has its pros and cons. While one can argue that hybrid cars harm the environment to a lesser degree, do not require maintenance as frequently as traditional cars and draw a lesser tax, they, nevertheless, have their doubtful downsides, among which, the fact that hybrids are more prone to various road accidents seems to be the most negative. Therefore, it cannot be denied that hybrid cars need more time to be perfected and improved. Presently, hybrid cars seem more of a second choice next to a more comfortable and by far more usual diesel car. Nevertheless, hybrid cars have potential. With that being said, it can be assumed that with several more changes that will help bring the negative issues down a few notches, hybrid cars will oust the conventional ones from the then market Works Cited Hybrids 101. Guide to Gasoline-Electric Hybrid Cars and Powertrains . 2012. Hybrids and Diesels: Do They Save Money? 2012.
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