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Relationships in the “Crazy, Stupid, Love” Movie Essay In contemporary society the definition and the meaning of such well known concepts as friendship, love, attraction or communication is changing. New technologies implicate new means of communication and the concepts have to change themselves in order to correspond to new demands and traditions of the society. The process of the revaluation of the timeless values is not instantons and finite. We can only observe the understanding of a certain concept at the moment and try to understand occurring changes. The culture also reacts to the change in the human perception of that values, producing something new, or just trying to show us the change with the help of the existing means. Cinema is not an exception. Being one of the most popular genres of the culture it cannot but react on this process showing all the changes. Analyzing the modern cinematograph we can find good examples of that concepts and outline the reflection of the changes, occurring to them. The movie Crazy, Stupid, Love can be the good basis for outlining the peculiarities of that concepts ant its analysis. The main theme of that film is the human relationships and the problem of miscommunication in the family. The main characters Cal and Emily Weavers are on the edge of divorce because of the crisis in their longstanding relations. The problem is that they still love each other but do not understand the problems of the partner. The movie represents us different kinds of human relations and concepts. Friendship is one of them. It is the kind of an intimate relationship characterized by mutual sympathy, presence of common interests and desire to spend time together, “For this reason, love and friendship often get lumped together as a single topic; nonetheless, there are significant differences between them” (Helm para. 3). The integral attributes of friendship are social support, trust, respect, responsiveness and capitalization. There are some age related changes in the peculiarities of friendship connected with the differences in points of view of a child and an adult, but the main attributes remain the same. In the movie we can see the good example of that concept in the Cal and Jacobs relations. From the beginning of the movie it is rather difficult to call Jacob Cals friend. They have nothing in common and we can even watch Cals skeptical attitude to that young man. The difference in age leaves no chances for them to have common interests. Although, having noticed Cals poor state, Jacob wants to help him, showing one of the attributes of friendship – social support. He wants to pull Cal out of his depression taking him under his protection and giving some pieces of advice. Being just a pity for the unhappy middle-aged man, this relations become a true friendship. The uprise of the common interests and desire to spend time together makes them close to each other. With the development of this relations Cal becomes something important for Jacob and in the situation with Jacobs strong feelings it is Jacob, who needs Cals piece of advice and emotional support. The best approval of their friendship is Jacobs desire to punch David Lindhagen to take revenge for all Cals tortures. We can also see the opposition of Cal and Bernie Rileys old relations with that new ones. Bernies refusal to save their friendship is shown in a playful manner but it still can be treated like a betrayal. Attraction is the second main concept which could be found in that movie. It is one of the basic concepts in human relations. The level of attraction determines our social state and relations within your surroundings. Attractive people usually have better conditions for work or study. It is known that people find a person attractive if he treats them well or he shares their ideas. We consider an attractive man to have only positive and desirable character traits. This is perfectly shown in the movie. Cal is a positive man who should be attractive for women. But his appearance and the way of behavior was not appropriate. Jacob, on the contrary, is a good example of an attractive man who conquers women easily. In the process of teaching Cal it becomes clear that appearance and the right behavior are the main factors in people’s attractiveness. It is the most important factor at the first meeting. After Cals transformation he has not problems with women. Seeing his attractive appearance they considered him to be the man they need. The last detail was his behavior. He just showed the women his interest, letting her talk about herself. The movie is a good approval of the concept of attraction and its main components. The last concept we would like to mention is closely connected with the previous one. It is the concept of communication. This concept consists not only of words and phrases. The nonverbal element composes a great part of it. Our moves and actions, gestures and looks are what is known as a body language. It is an important part of the concept. Our poses and movements tell more about our intentions than words. The obvious change in Cals nonverbal behavior leads to the essential changes in his life. Obtaining the confidence in his body language he has lightened the communication with the members of his surroundings. Summing it up we should say that the movie Crazy, Stupid Love is a good example of combining all that concepts in our life and its great importance. Works Cited Helm, Bennet. “Friendship.” Stratford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2005. Web. Crazy, Stupid, Love. Dir. Glenn Ficarra. Warner Bros. Pictures, 2011. DVD.
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Films About the History of Africa Review Essay Table of Contents 1. Post-independent Africa 2. African leaders around this time 3. Ghana 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Post-independent Africa We watched videos in class that were very enlightening and interesting. They addressed economic stability in Africa generally immediately after independence in the early 80s. Interestingly, in each decade, many issues remained constant even though time was changing. For instance, poverty and diversity in tribes coupled with copious cash crop production stood unchanged during that period. It was evident from the videos that raw material production was common amongst different countries. For instance, Tanzania is famous for rope and twine making from sisal and this came out clearly in the videos. Africa is hardy as evidenced in the film. The cause of hunger in Zimbabwe results from over 2 million landless people who need land honestly. These people cannot cultivate nor do any other meaningful agricultural practice due to lack of land. Giving new land to these people is tantamount to giving them a new lease of life. However, Zimbabweans and Nigerians are giving back to society by putting up new schools and aiding the hapless. African leaders around this time African leaders during 1950s and 1980s played a key role in fostering economic growth and bracing political power at the same time. For instance, McNamara gave a sensational speech in 1971 by calling for agricultural reforms that would alleviate poverty among Africans (Madavo para, 10). Julius Nyerere also did an outstanding job in 1967 by making the Arusha Declaration that declared equality for all (Madyibi para, 12). These leaders, among others, worked tirelessly to alleviate living conditions in this region and bring about political stability. Many African countries gained independence around this period. This independence did not come on a silver platter. African leaders championed freedom and led troops into war in a bid to gain independence. Leaders like Mzee Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya fought tirelessly for freedom under the Mau Mau movement. African leaders did spectacular jobs for Africans around this time. Ghana The second episode of the film tackles Ghana. Scenes of a ceremony conducted 400 years ago were very fascinating. It highlighted traditional relationships between the citizenry and the political elite. Queen-mother, a brave woman born as Yaa Asantewaa in 1863, led people to revolt against British authorities (The Ashanti Kingdom para 2-3). In the film, she influences the selection of successors in the Ashanti Kingdom. The selected successor is supposed to lead the community by making sound decisions. It goes on to reflect on the events of post-colonialism and the uncertainties that plunged Africa thereafter. The postcolonial period decades were characterized by trial and error. However, the biggest event in Africa’s history came in 1963 when Nigeria was set to conduct elections the American style. Unfortunately, religion coupled with other factors altered the election system. The then-president emphasized that Nigerians were equal people who deserved equal chances. Conclusion The outstanding thing in this film was that the hard economic times may be pressing people seriously but it is not keeping them down. Though grappling every day with fangs of hunger and poverty, these people remain optimistic that there is a better way of life and are brave enough to endeavor new outsets of living. It was captivating to realize that despite all that is happening; these people remain passionate about Africa, their dearest continent. This is far from the picture the media love to paint about Africa. It was an intriguing and enlightening issue and an educative interesting film to watch. Works Cited Madavo, C. “The Evolving Relationship between Africa and the World Bank: What We Have Learned Together. 1997. Web. 2009. Madyibi, A. “The Arusha Declaration and TANU’s Policy on Socialism and Self-Reliance.” The Arusha Declaration. 1967. Web. 2009. The Ashanti Kingdom. Ashanti Empire . (n.d). 2009. Web.
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Immigrants’ Urban Challenges and Changes Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Immigration and Challenges Faced by Immigrants 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Over the years, globalization has resulted in increased movement of people from one part of the globe to another (Milner & Tingle, n.d.). As a result, immigration is today a significant political concern in most countries. Demonstrations have been witnessed in some cities in the world as a result of discontent among citizens due to immigration. While some people felt that inviting immigrants was a good thing, others saw them as a threat to both their economy and the society. This paper looks at various aspects of immigration. The issues discussed include the reason for immigrants preferring in large global cities over other cities, hostility toward immigrants by nationals, and mechanisms that have helped immigrants to become powerful political groups. Immigration and Challenges Faced by Immigrants Over the years, immigration has been a major concern for major cities in the world. While there are many places where immigrants can move to, large global cities are often preferred. Drawing from a study by Ray (2003), large cities across the world are characterized with cultural diversity. Consequently, this is one of the key reasons why immigrants will prefer settling in such places. Global cities also provide a very strong foundation for international business (Bauder, 2012). Large cities in the world that receive immigrants from all over the place exhibit diversity in numerous areas including culture and religion. The fact that large cities provide a neutral environment for one to settle in attracts scores of people who are afraid of rejection or discrimination. It is also alleged that large cities that are well established are highly experienced in dealing with challenges of diverse situations brought about by immigration. Arguably, small cities are ill equipped to provide specific needs for immigrants such as housing, education, efficient transportation, and access to employment. Immigrants are thus comfortable moving into cities where they have some level of assurance that their needs will be met. In some of the cities, however, immigrants are paid very low wages. Nationals respond negatively to new immigrants for a number of reasons. First, there is a concern that immigrants only come to snatch jobs that belong to nationals. The high rate of unemployment in some major cities is thus blamed on immigration. It is thus presumed that the rising level of joblessness in some large cities in the world can be addressed by strictly controlling immigration. Secondly, nationals argue that most immigrants are criminals and are thus responsible for rising rate of crime. Immigration should therefore be curbed in order to reduce the rate of crime. Nationals also argue that the government has to spend taxpayers’ money to take care of immigrants. To limit immigration, state governments have resorted to deportation and reinforcement of border security. Efforts have been made by the affected nations to detect and deport all illegal immigrants. Efforts have also been made to improve security at border towns in order to ensure control illegal entry. In some cases, employers have been punished for employing illegal immigrants. According to Milner and Tingley (n.d), legalizing the status of immigrants in some cities contributed to them becoming a power to reckon with. In addition, activists emerged among nationals to defend the course of immigrants. The political power of immigrants also grew out of disunity among the nationals. Minority groups that were discriminated upon could easily identify with the plight of immigrants and this further strengthened the power of the immigrants. Conclusion Clearly, the onset of globalization has created an environment where individuals can move easily from one part of the world to another. However, as discussed in this paper, immigrants tend to concentrate in large global cities which they regarded as ideal settling places. While some nationals treat immigrants suspiciously, others are willing to support them in their quest for justice. This explains why immigrants have ended up becoming powerful political groups in some cases. References Bauder, H. (2012). Immigration and Settlement: Challenges, Experiences, and Opportunities . Toronto, Ontario: Canadian Scholars’ Press. Milner, H. V. & Tingley, D. (n.d.). The Economic and Political Influences on Different Dimensions of United States Immigration Policy . Web. Ray, B. (2003). The Role of Cities in Immigrant Integration . Web.
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Alcoholism in Native Americans Research Paper Native Americans started consuming alcohol years ago. This has caused a number of health problems to this group. Notably, alcohol has affected both individuals and communities within America. Besides, it has greatly contributed to illnesses and untimely deaths among Native Americans (Clinard & Meier, 2011). For instance, analysis of death certificates for the last six years indicates that deaths caused by alcoholism among the Native American population have increased considerably. Moreover, the increase is estimated to be five folds compared to the current values. The rates at which teenagers take alcohol (due to domestic factors and peer influence) have been closely examined. Consequently, several reports have linked this threat to alcoholic influences. Some researches carried out have ascribed the condition to numerous physiological theories. Such theories state that Native Americans are naturally or inherently prone to alcohol. Hypothetically, it is true that alcoholism, among Native Americans, has affected their health provisions? This hypothesis can be subjected to test. Evidently, more researches regarding this area have been completed; however, a lot can still be done. Additionally, it is important to assert that the craving for alcohol increases demographically. Theories suggest that the rate at which alcohol is absorbed in the body of a Native American is different from that of the rest of the U.S. population. These problems have been contributed by a number of social factors. Traditional, emotional suppression and social setup are some of the factors which have significantly contributed to this population’s alcohol abuse (Lippert & Spignesi, 2007). In addition, socioeconomic status and passive-aggressive conditions have led to the concerned alcoholic abuse. Despite having been educated, there is still a high prevalence of alcohol abuse among Native Americans. This has really affected their health. Alcohol has caused a considerable number of deaths and health complications among Native Americans. A lot of research carried out indicates that there is an increased rate of liver diseases (Cirrhosis of the liver and hepatitis) among the concerned groups. Besides, 12% of deaths in the United States are caused by liver diseases. Men from the major victims (Lowinson, 2005). Long-term and heavy drinking among the population has also led to an increased number of patients suffering from brain damage. Accordingly, serious brain damage and increased memory loss are experienced by middle-aged individuals. Alcohol drinking is believed to be the major cause of certain cancer diseases, particularly breast and liver cancer. The more an individual takes alcohol, the greater the danger of developing cancer. Consequently, this is reflected by the high prevalence of cancerous diseases among Native Americans. Additionally, the population is experiencing an increased prevalence of HIV/ AIDS due to alcohol drinking (Taylor & Teton Data Systems, 2003). Drinking has not only increased the risk of contracting the disease but also its spread and progression. Besides, 30 percent and 60 percent of men and women (respectively) infected with HIV are currently under ARV drugs. A number of this population has dietary complications caused by the excessive consumption of alcohol. Alcohol abuse by this population has also led to the development of diseases like dental complications, muscle strain, and pancreatitis. It has been reported that 80% of Native American youths are alcoholics. Nonetheless, more research needs to be done on this topic. References Clinard, B., & Meier, F. (2011). Sociology of deviant behavior . Australia: Cengage Learning. Lippert, T., & Spignesi, J. (2007). Native American history for dummies . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Lowinson, H. (2005). Substance abuse: A comprehensive textbook . Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Taylor, B. & Teton Data Systems (Firm). (2003). Family medicine: Principles and practice . New York, NY: Springer.
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Proposal for Ogden Playground Project Essay The proposal for a new Ogden playground project is a very convincing one. It starts with the description of the current state of the playground belonging to the Ogden Junior Public School in Toronto, Canada. Specifically, the authors focus on the school grounds not being safe and lacking equipment and fencing. The proposed solution is to put fences with access points around the grounds, remove dangerous objects such as boulders and tree debris, and install a soft playing field and a variety of playground equipment (Bullock et al., 2019). The primary purpose of the proposal is to convince people to endorse the project and donate money. Safety concerns raised in the proposal are the strongest pieces of evidence utilized by the authors. The proposal lists the concerns expressed both by the parents and faculty, including lack of fencing and heavy traffic near the school (Bullock et al., 2019). The absence of fencing that can separate the school grounds from the street and the traffic on them is particularly worrying due to the high risk of students running out into the traffic. The possibility of child abduction and dangerous individuals coming onto the school grounds should also be considered. Furthermore, the authors raise the concern of physical injuries while on the Ogden playground due to the presence of large boulders embedded in the ground, deteriorating tree planters, and uneven asphalt grounds and paths (Bullock et al., 2019). Thus, during play, children can sustain minor injuries such as cuts, bruises, and scrapes. However, there is a possibility of more severe injuries, including fractures. Overall, the authors managed to employ safety concerns as the most substantial evidence to support their proposal. Reference Bullock, R., Goggin, M. D., & Weinberg, F. (2019). The Norton Field guide to writing: With readings and handbook (5th ed.). W. W. Norton.
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Ethics and Clinical Trials Synthesis Essay One of the main questions discussed by scholars is related to the ethical and safety standards established for clinical trials. The main task is to ensure the safety of patients and obtain scientifically rigorous findings. In some cases, these priorities cannot be easily reconciled. This paper is aimed at discussing two articles written by Marcia Angell and Harold Varmus. These authors present different interpretations of ethical norms related to medical research. Marcia Angell believes that the clinical trials performed in the countries of the Third World do not comply with international standards of care, and the wellbeing of patients can be imperiled. In particular, they are not always provided with the most effective treatment. This is the main ethical problem that this scholar identifies. For example, the participants of such studies can sometimes receive a placebo instead of the best possible drug available at the time. Researchers may prefer such an approach because it can help them obtain findings within a relatively short time. However, in this way, they can endanger the health of subjects. This is why many studies conducted in poor regions of the world, may not be allowed in advanced counties. Additionally, Marcia Angell speaks about the so-called ethical relativism. This means that medical researchers accept local standards of care accepted in developing counties, and sometimes, these standards are low. In this way, they can deny patients the highest standards of care. In other words, this author emphasizes the importance of universal ethical standards that should be applied to clinical trials. Moreover, the safety of the participants should be the top priority for medical workers. Therefore, patients should receive the same level of protection, regardless of the country in which the trial is conducted. This is the main argument that Marcia Angell puts forward. In turn, Harold Varmus offers a slightly different discussion of these questions. In particular, he notes that a clinical study should determine the positive and negative effects of a certain drug, while a placebo-control research might be the optimal way to do it. This is one of the main claims that this scholar puts forward. Apart from that, these trials are usually carried out in countries with significant health problems such as right rates of HIV. Therefore, these studies, even if they are placebo-controlled, can benefit a great number of patients. Certainly, this author admits that the rights of participants should be respected by researchers. For example, they people should know about the risks related to the trial. Nevertheless, at the same time, it is necessary to produce rigorous results which can be used by medical workers. This is one of the main responsibilities that a researcher has. Harold Varmus emphasizes the importance of informed consent which can justify a placebo-control study from an ethical viewpoint. In other words, he accepts a certain degree of risk. Overall, these examples suggest that scholars may not always provide the same ethical assessment of clinical trials carried out in the countries of the Third World. In some cases, scholars can focus on the wellbeing of patients as the main priority for medical workers. In turn, other researchers can attach more importance to the validity of the study and the accuracy of results. For instance, Harold Varmus admits the importance of eliminating the risks to the health of subjects, but he also notes that a placebo-control trial can be the only option available to researchers. This is the main difference that can be identified.
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Community and Similar Concepts in Nursing Essay A community can be broadly defined as the number of separate or groups of individuals who reside within a given human environment (Ervin, 2002). Individuals in a community are socially and culturally harmonized for mutual gain. On the same note, researchers view a community as an organization composed of individuals whose interests are more or less the same although they largely co-exist as they serve one another. Nevertheless, interdependent individuals in a particular locality have general interests unlike other organizations that have special interests. Definitely, people in the same community have relatively similar destiny, culture, history as well as heritage (Clark, 2008). However, it is imperative to note that individuals in a community may not always have common interests. On the other hand, an aggregate is best described as the functional unit of a community. Hence, it is evident that multiple aggregates make up a community. Literally, an aggregate would comprise group of individuals who have similar personal, social or environmental characteristics. Apparently, an aggregate population can be identified as a subgroup of the entire community population. Definitely, aggregates define the nature of a society. A community is also composed of subgroups such as those attached to ethnicity, age, religion and social interests. Moreover, certain individuals may belong to more than one aggregate within a community. Therefore, an aggregate can be identified on the basis of common factors such as age, religion, heritage, education, ethnicity and social economic status (Stone, McGuire & Gerber, 2002). Additionally, common likes among individuals who abuse drugs might make up an aggregate. Evidently, there is significant difference between a community and an aggregate population (Stone, McGuire & Gerber, 2002). For instance, a community is broader in composition while an aggregate is part of a community. In this case, the latter is the whole while former is part of the whole. It is worth noting that an aggregate can be formed by components from various communities. For instance, we may have an aggregate of drug users who come from different communities though the incumbent forms just a small portion. Certainly, a community is not an aggregate. Moreover, a community is very diverse comprising of individuals with diversified characteristics that might be social, cultural or political. On the other hand, an aggregate narrows on a specific aspect that defines a certain group of people (Anon, 2011). This might include age, social interests, ethnicity or heritage. Therefore, members of a particular aggregate may share common characteristic but are not unified in other aspects (Anon, 2011). Essentially, they may have different aspects but have one aspect in common such as age and political ideologies. Shedding light on this, individuals in an aggregate might not reside in a common locality unlike the case of a community. it is definite that there are several aggregates that one can assess during community health nursing. For example, it is possible to sport out aggregates for drug addicts, teenagers, and pregnant women (Clark, 2008). On the same note, individual with diabetes, mental problems and other health complications form aggregates of their own. These groups have similar interests that are related to their condition. Hence, in a community nursing practice, it is pertinent for health practitioners to make their services more specific in order to increase efficiency with the wider community as well as among specific aggregate groups. References Anon. (2011). Community/public health nursing promoting the health of population. Australian nursing journal, 19(1), 32. Clark, M. (2008). Community health nursing: Advocacy for population health (5 th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Ervin, N. (2002). Advanced community health nursing practice . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Stone S., McGuire, S. & Gerber, D. (2002). Comprehensive community health nursing: family, aggregate & community practice . Missouri: Mosby, Inc.
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Journal One 2. Journal Two 3. Journal Three 4. Works Cited Journal One The readings, which will be discussed in this journal, indicate that rigid color lines are no longer applicable to some people. For instance, in her article, Felicia Lee discusses the literary works of Heidi Durrow. This writer is famous for the novel The Girl Who Fell From the Sky. The writer discusses the experiences of a teenager who perceives herself as both black and Danish. Felicia Less shows that by studying the narratives of mixed-race people, one can better see that many of the racial distinctions are too artificial. A similar issue is explored by Tess Taylor, whose article is about the descendants of Thomas Jefferson. It should be noted that this famous American policy-maker had both black and white children. This example is important because it shows that people representing different races may be related to one another. A similar issue is examined by Henry Lous Gates, who shows that people can derive very surprising findings if they try to study their family tree. Overall, the rigidity of color and ethnic lines can be explored by various performers. For instance, Jennifer Gonzales discusses the work of James Luna, who attempts to show that racial or ethnic stereotypes cannot adequately describe the behavior of an individual. Moreover, the performer shows that in some cases, people try to suppress a part of their identity. This issue is particularly relevant if one speaks about African Americans. On the whole, these readings show that the use of racial labels can become obsolete due to several reasons. First of all, people may have mixed origins. Moreover, they can embrace the idea that the representatives of different races can be related in different ways. Journal Two The readings included in this journal can throw light on the way in which the representatives of racial minorities can be victimized. This issue is examined by different writers and journalists; for example, one can mention Ken Johnson, who discusses artworks related to race. This author shows that many people feel ashamed of being black. To some degree, this behavior is the result of long-term discrimination. This issue is also examined by Julia Preston. This author focuses on the experiences of illegal immigrants in the United States. This author shows that in many cases, a person can be stopped by police officers only due to his/her Latino appearance. This is another example of how an individual from the community. In turn, Angela Onwwachi-Willig shows how many people can be multi-racial. Nevertheless, in many cases, people may be unwilling to disclose a part of their identity. For example, people can be described as black or write, even though they resist such classifications. To a great extent, such descriptions can be simply imposed on them. This is one of the details that should not be overlooked. Overall, these readings suggest that the concept of race continues to affect the social life of the United States, even at the time when the community becomes more diverse. Moreover, some people may feel vulnerable because they represent a community that has often been victimized in the past. This is one of the main arguments that can be advanced. Journal Three Copeland offers a range of peculiar comments on the subject of race, one of the most controversial issues of the 21 st century. Despite the fact that race issues have been the subject of heated discussions for quite a while, and a range of solutions have been provided to address the issue, it still remains on the agenda of the present-day society In his article Outtakes, Huey Copeland addresses the issue of race in a rather unusual manner. The author states that his goal is to “explore the phantasms required to keep racial and gender hierarchies in place” (Copeland 20), and, much to his credit, he does so in a very impressive manner. Though Copeland’s narration does not comply with the traditional principles of conducting sociological research and, instead, can be interpreted as a description of the author’s personal experience, they still allow viewing the problem in a new and quite unexpected light. However, in his attempt to analyze the problem, Copeland seems to lack objectivity, seeing how he draws the new “portrait” of a Black woman and the “deconstruction of black masculinity” (Copeland 23) seems a bit far-fetched. The researches carried out by Lewis and Shields, in their turn, strike with their unusual approach towards the issue of race. Both Shields and Lewis put a very strong emphasis on music as a definitive feature of the African American culture, making it obvious that the emergence of “new music” (Lewis 29) and “the grey Album” (Shields para. 4) has heralded the era of the African American culture revival. Providing very unusual and thought-provoking means to interpret the essence of the African American culture, Copeland, Lewis, and Shields incorporate its visual and aural elements, thus, allowing the audience to embrace the phenomenon fully and consider its various aspects. Works Cited Copeland, Huey. “Outtakes.” Art Journal 67.4 (2008), 20–32. Web. Lewis, George E. A Power Stronger Than Itself: The AACM and American Experimental Music. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. 2008. Web. Shields, David. “ Race, the Remix. ” The New York Times. 2012. Web.
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Electronic Commerce and Supply Chain Behavior Report Technology continues to evolve rapidly, especially in the digital, electronic, and mobile areas. Technological innovations have accelerated, facilitated, and optimized many aspects of people’s lives, and the most affected area has been the business sector. E-commerce is the result of applying new technologies to traditional business models, the emergence of which has resulted in many new opportunities, significant improvements, and fundamental changes in many business processes. For example, it is a proven fact that e-commerce has bettered such vital areas for any company as product quality, customer satisfaction, and operational strategy. Consequently, the author of the article, Abdulaziz T. Almaktoom, decided to explore how e-commerce affects the mechanics of the supply chain. Additional goals include better understanding the impact of technology on how companies do business nowadays and providing new perspectives on how to improve their performance. The writer goes on to describe the positive effects of involving e-commerce in the supply chain. He notes that the implementation of e-commerce significantly reduces the time at all of its stages. Moreover, e-commerce minimizes the possibility of defections. The use of e-commerce in the supply chain also provides direct access to consumers through the online space. Almaktoom concludes that e-commerce eliminates the need for retailers for companies, which reduces costs and makes transactions faster. Another thing the author notes is that the implementation of e-commerce reduces the harmful effects of uncertainties in the supply chain. Uncertainties have always been a major issue for companies in general and supply chain managers in particular. Almaktoom notes that uncertainties are harmful as they lead to unnecessary expenditures of necessary resources and useless activities. E-commerce provides more flexibility in the supply chain by making coordination more straightforward and efficient and eliminating unwanted and unneeded data. As a result, the harm from uncertainties is minimized, and the company gains a competitive advantage. Further, the author devotes several paragraphs to identifying business phenomena and concepts related to the article’s main topic. He explains in detail what such things as supply chain, supply chain management, and e-commerce are. Almaktoom also describes how e-commerce improves internal communication between departments and external communication between organizations through the online space and how its mechanics inspire managers to develop new business strategies and models, such as a dual-channel supply chain. Next, the author proceeds to analyze the paradigm shift that happened in business with the implementation of digital and online technologies. Here, the writer of the article notes that with the advent of e-commerce, consumer payment preferences have moved from cash to credit. Moreover, consumers began to purchase online and use the pre-order function massively. In terms of business organizations, new technologies, primarily e-commerce, have accelerated and improved many processes and made it possible to reduce the impact of errors and non-value-added activities. Almaktoom concludes that e-commerce has increased the confidence of businesspeople in their business model and organizational structure and has made the relationship and interaction between producers and consumers more trusting. The author of the article analyzes two cases to prove his thesis about the positive impact of e-commerce on the behavior of the supply chain. In the discussion section, Almaktoom summarizes data derived from case studies. He also advises companies to develop their own application and website to stay in touch with consumers and partners and remain competitive in the marketplace. Reference Almaktoom, A. (2016). Influence of electronic commerce on supply chain behavior. European Journal of Logistics, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, 4 (1), 11-18.
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Fast-Food Restaurants’ Social Impact in the US Essay Fast Food Restaurants The emphasis on efficiency, predictability, and calculability in the fast-food industry is based on the creation of a structured division of labor that requires employees to accomplish a set goal by the company. In essence, fast food restaurants have compartmentalized positions resulting in a well-established division of labor which is alongside a strict hierarchical structure of authority. This creates a bureaucratic organization where people are supposed to accomplish tasks in a particular way, follow the established rules and regulations and focus on developing their technical competence based on the needs of the position they are assigned to (Croteau and Hoynes 178). This level of bureaucratization is further emphasized through the use of performance-based metrics wherein the efficiency and effectiveness of employees at their jobs are “scored” based on a preconceived notion by the company of the level of performance that an employee should show. This creates a level of predictability and calculability in operations since businesses can set levels of required efficiency and if an employee continually fails to meet these goals, then they are terminated to make way for a more efficient worker. One of the best examples of this at work is the food “assembly line” that you can see in every McDonald’s outlet. Each burger they have on their menu is not created by a single person. There is a particular individual who handles the toasting of the buns, another who cooks the patty, someone who assembles the food and even an employee that does the wrapping and delivers it to the counter. The reason behind this method of operation is that it allows each employee to concentrate on a particular task which maximizes their efficiency. The result is a more efficient means of food preparation that is predictable and calculable based on the individual performance levels of each employee in their respective position within the company. However, one interesting aspect of this method of operation is that it induces people not to think beyond the confines of their job. This results in an extreme form of rational action wherein thoughts, perspectives, and their resulting actions are based on the limits of their position. As such, it maximizes their capability to do a particular task but minimizes their overall capacity to be more adaptable. Theory of McDonaldization Based on the given perspective on the fast-food industry shown above, George Ritzer’s theory on the McDonaldization of American society does have a certain level of relevancy. People within the U.S. have begun to be compartmentalized into their respective roles, have started to be attached to the concept of predictable actions when it comes to purchases and experiences, and there is a certain level of control in a society based on its current dependence on being subordinated to a process or a machine. However, there are some contending arguments to this position since it can simply be stated that efficiency, calculability, and predictability, factors that have become important aspects of American society, are simply manifestations of societal evolution due to the greater inclusion of technological processes and items into everyone’s daily lives. As society continues to evolve alongside technology, there would inevitably be some “spillover” from one process to the other. When observing social evolution over several hundred years, man and his inventions have always been intertwined. It is only recently that technology has developed to a point that it has become so integrated into society that a blurring of the lines between technological innovation and social development has started to occur. It is based on this perspective that when examining the work of Ritzer, it is more accurate to state that his observations merely represent the growing hybridization of man and machine. This has created distinct overlaps in how society has begun to operate and has impacted people on an individual level in how they accomplish their jobs or do their tasks while working. For example, the use of metrics to measure performance among employees is not a new concept, but it does have a considerable similarity in how people gauge the efficiency of mechanical processes. The same can see in the greater desire for efficiency and predictability in society since these are also desired outcomes when it comes to mechanical processes and outputs. The problem with the work of Ritzer is that he laments people being defined by their apparent subordination to set roles and mechanical processes. While it is true that there is a level of subordination, what Ritzer neglects to take into consideration is that man has always been, in some way, subordinated to his tools. Humanity has depended on them for survival and through them, the building blocks of present-day society were created. As such, the “McDonaldization” that Ritzer mentions is more of a reflection of how our tool usage has become that much more integrated into our daily lives and how, in the end, it is not that surprising given the history that humanity has had with its tools and creations. All in all, George Ritzer’s theory on the McDonaldization of American society does have a certain level of relevancy, but I do not agree with it at all. Works Cited Croteau, David, and William Hoynes. Experience Sociology: 2nd Edition . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education Create, 2015. Print.
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However, they are not equal. Some of the states are bigger. The other have more natural resources, while some of the countries have a great number of people living in it. Moreover, not all countries are equally rich. Unfortunately, only the minority of countries in the world can be called a prosperous state. Wealth of a country depends on the number of reasons, however, there is a tendency according to which the richer country – the better conditions its citizens have. Taking it into account, it is possible to analyze mutual dependence between the prosperity of citizens and the stage of development of a country and make some conclusions. Adam Smith stated that there is a direct correlation between the wealth of citizens and the wealth of nations (Smith 17). It is difficult not to agree with this statement. The first obvious argument to support this statement is that a person which has greater income will be able to pay higher taxes (Thorndike para. 4). Given in simplified manner, this statement is still very clear and fair. It is difficult to demand assignments to the budget from a person if he/she has nothing to eat. That is why, it is possible to suggest that the state should be interested in promoting beneficiation of its citizens as it will influence further development of this country. There is one more fact which could be given in order to support Adam Smiths statement. There is no use denying the fact that satisfied worker is a good worker (Tam para. 5). Unfortunately, not all employers use this principle in their work, preferring to intimidate or press a worker. However, it is obvious that being totally satisfied with his/her payment, a person will perform it much better and will not slack his work. Increase of the efficiency of work will lead to better outcomes for a plant which in its turn will lead to prosperity of the state. Moreover, satisfied worker can think about some other things expect the ways to earn money. He/she can promote development of culture or society. That is why this scheme is very simple and effective. However, there is also another point of view to this question. There is a tendency to assume that wealth of citizens of a country will not necessarily lead to prosperity of the state. These people do not see dependence between incomes of rich people and the condition of the economy of a state, underlining the fact that very often people, which had giant profits, do not pay taxes and are not useful for a state. Moreover, the tax burden becomes even worse for the rest of population of the country. Nevertheless, opponents of Adam Smiths point of view forget about the peculiarities of the epoch in which they live. It is necessary nowadays to create equal and prosperous society in which all wealth of the citizens will stimulate their further development. Having analyzed the data, it is possible to come to certain conclusions. Adam Smiths statement, made at the end of 18th century, has not lost its actuality. Every state should be interested in promoting beneficiation of its population as it will lead to further development of the state. Only rich and satisfied people can help a state to become powerful and develop its economy. art and culture. Works Cited Smith, Adam. The Wealth of Nations. 1776. Web. Tam, Marylin. “ A Happy Worker Is a Productive Worker “. The Huffington Post . 2013. Web. Thorndike, Joseph. “ Why Raising Taxes On The Rich Is Important “. Forbes . 2014. Web.
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Psychological Profiling 2. Implications for the Government 3. Civil Liberties 4. Homeland Security Jobs 5. Conclusion 6. References Homeland security is a concept that is widely discussed in the modern society. Questions concern the rightfulness of the governmental interference in people’s lives. While such talks are circulating the country, investigation tools are becoming more advanced to serve the prevention of future crimes. Psychological Profiling Psychological profiling is a tool used by investigators to determine a person who has committed a crime. It is usually claimed to have two elements, which are the inductive and the deductive (Helfgott, 2008, p. 423). The first one is based on the assumption that if certain crimes are committed by people from the same social groups, then these people must have some personality traits common for all of them. Inductive investigation relies heavily on the past cases to identify similarities between them and to draw the psychological portrait of the possible offender. This study is relatively easy to conduct as it does not require the investigator to possess any additional knowledge from such fields as psychology or anthropological studies (Bartol & Bartol, 2016). The deductive approach is much more complex. It calls for the attentive analysis of the crime scene to determine the psychological portrait of an offender by the signs that he or she has left. Moreover, a great deal in this type of profiling is played by a victim. By analyzing the psychological portrait of a victim, one can recreate the psychological portrait of an offender. Implications for the Government There are several goals in psychological profiling that the government could target for a set of the homeland security policies. For instance, the development of both approaches may help to provide the criminal justice system with tools for creating a psychological portrait of offenders. Creating a list of characteristics like race, gender, age, education, and others would serve for enhancing the effectiveness of the investigation process, as the circle of suspects would be much narrower. Another possible use is for the criminal justice system to use the method’s findings for analyzing the items found at the offender’s home. Personal things like photos, video clips, clothing and other items may be a speaking proof of the offense commitment. Finally, the government could develop guides with questioning techniques that could help to better distinguish between the liars and the truth speakers. However, there are some questions concerning the viability of the psychological profiling tool. Since it is based on drawing similarities and offering assumptions, it cannot be considered the only method of investigation. Conclusions can easily be wrong, and guilty people might be harder to find. However, when it comes to determining the sequence of events without any witnesses, every tool becomes useful. Thus, psychological profiling should become one of the additional, yet important, steps for the process of investigation. Civil Liberties Even though the concepts of civil liberties and homeland security are somewhat opposite, the one is used to justify and support the other (Musch, 2003). For instance, people have the right for their messages, both online and offline, to be kept private, and the attempt to read them without the owner’s permission is punished by the law. At the same time, the government implements the anti-terrorism policies, which contain, among other things, the terms of cyber-attack prohibition. It is done to ensure that no private messages of the Internet users are stolen. However, there are some drawbacks to this model. For instance, the anti-terrorism campaign mentioned above is using psychological profiling to control potential criminals (Forts, Greene, & Lynch, 2011). The government can also become the party that reads the messages of others as a part of this anti-terrorist campaign. The story of national NSA surveillance over citizens has created a major discussion on the rightfulness of such actions (Black, 2013). However, the current situation of terrorism threat calls for security to be put in the first place. Homeland Security Jobs It is not very evident, but teachers could become the force for ensuring the security of the nation. Since they spend a lot of time with their students, they can understand their psychological portrait well. If anything changes dramatically in a student’s behavior, it might be the troubling sign. Teachers should consult families and social departments to let them know something is happening. This might possibly prevent the radicalization (White, 2016, p. 25) of young people. Conclusion Homeland security is kept by several services. It is crucial to understand the offenders’ psychology for investigating motives and a sequence of events. While psychological profiling cannot be considered a completely accurate tool, it might be helpful for seeing a bigger picture. References Bartol, C. R., & Bartol, A. M. (2016). Current perspectives in forensic psychology and criminal behavior . New York, NY: Sage. Black, I. (2013). NSA spying scandal: What we have learned . The Guardian . Web. Forst, B., Greene, J., & Lynch, J. P. (2011). Criminologists on terrorism and homeland security . New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Helfgott, J. B. (2008). Criminal behavior: Theories, typologies and criminal justice . New York, NY: Sage. Musch, D. J. (2003). Balancing civil rights and security: American judicial responses since 9/11 . Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications. White, J. R. (2016). Terrorism and homeland security . Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
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Will Small Business Survive the COVID Recession? Essay The recent economic downfall caused by the COVID-19 infection that has rapidly engulfed the entire world is a truly drastic change that will have detrimental effects on the global trade and economic performances of multiple countries. In his article “Will Small Business Survive The COVID Recession?,” Richard McGahey (2020) tries to examine critically the opportunities that companies have in the current environment and the future development of organizations worldwide after the crisis. According to the assumptions offered by McGahey (2020), small businesses are unlikely to recover from the damage caused by the crisis with the current tools deployed, mainly due to the problems with the lending pipeline. The author also approaches the optimism about the economic revival displayed by Donald Trump rather critically. The stance that McGahey takes is understandable given the implications of the current crisis for the aggregated supply and the threat of it slowly being exhausted as all production processes are put on hold (2020). The phenomenon of aggregated supply is the goods and services that a company can offer to its customers. Considering the problem closer, the author explains that it is not the fact of closing but the rapidity of it that makes the problem so difficult to handle. Namely, businesses have no time left to adjust and, instead, have to cease all processes without considering the expenses that the specified step will entail. Consequently, the physical capital as the total amount of physical assets that a company owns will inevitably become impossible to use and, ultimately, turn into waste. The author paints a rather dark picture of the future of the world economy, yet his concerns seem quite realistic to give the economic prognoses. Thus, McGahey (2020) warns that, for the global economy to get back on its track, a tremendous effort will have to be made once the COVID-19 issue is addressed. Reference McGahey, R. (2020). Will small business survive the COVID recession? Forbes. Web.
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Richard Brautigan is well known for his short stories, and he is also famous for experimenting with genres. It is impossible to define the genre of this story, but there is absolutely no need of defining it. The key feature of the story is that it leaves whales of space for fantasy, thinking over, analyzing, asking questions and puzzles, and answering them. (Brautigan, 2007). All the masterpieces of the world literature do the same with the reader: make him surprised, interested, sometimes puzzled and anxious with the further destiny of the protagonists. Brautigan makes the reader to experience every feeling possible by just writing two extended sentences. As a proverb goes – brevity is the soul of wit. Richard Brautigan’s talent provides numerous questions that would take up more space than the narration itself: What was the lady who told this? How old was she? Why San Jose, but not some other city? How did that man play his violin? What did she want to do with a revolver? Why was the revolver empty? (If she wanted to kill her neighbor, or commit a suicide, the revolver should be loaded), who called the police? (if no one was killed or injured) and so on. Undoubtedly, if all the answers were given by the author, most probably, it would be a second-grade thriller, that would be forgotten right after its publishing. But the fact is that, “Scarlatti Tilt” is a kind of metaphor, which may symbolize Bratigan himself. The Italian composer and virtuoso of harpsichord Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (1685 – 1757) is a son of an outstanding Italian composer Alessandro Scarlatti (1660 – 1725). All the sonatas by Scarlatti Jr. are too short, and he invented lots of the contemporary elements of playing the keyboard instruments: arpeggio, repeating of a single note, playing with the hands crossed and others. Scarlatti did with music exactly the same that Brautigan does with literature. These means of composing, differing from the conventional art are generally regarded as a protest – a protest against boredom in conventional literature, as if everyone aims to follow the classics, art enters the period of stagnation, and stops further development. The protests will not be regarded as something serious until they give the origin to unconventionally new direction in literature (music, painting and so on). (Slethaug, 1993). This micro-fiction story may be regarded as an entire metaphor, as Scarlatti played the harpsichord and piano, and the man from the story plays the violin, nevertheless, the story is called “Scarlatti Tilt”. Most probable, that lady did not want to kill the violinist, but she could not bear that playing, so, she called the police, and decided to pass them her revolver, in order not to get tempted to retort to it. These two sentences may symbolize the process of appearing the innovative genre in the art, and the reaction of the lady symbolizes the reaction of the society on the appearing of the new genre, the new way of creating masterpieces. And the empty revolver, passed to police, stands for the empty criticism that should be taken away, in order to let the genre grow and develop. (Kostelanetz, 1982). Taking into account the personality of Richard Brautigan, it is necessary to emphasize, that he could not create something moderate or insignificant. Such amount of metaphors in two sentences may be inserted only by a genius, and most probably, this genius will not be understood for a long time. The first thing that should be understood about Richard’s mind was that he romanticized the general intellect. He was unexpectedly popular, and in the end, he was almost totally forgotten. The people who were shocked by him never dumped their abhorrence of him, and those who loved him, never abandoned him. There was no morbidity in his stories, as it may be considered at first sight. (Hoberek, 2007) All his writing ‑ the lonesome, wry, preoccupied, miniatures he issued as poetry, or the auxiliary boldness of his micro-prose ‑ was dedicated to charming his life. Death was a reality for him that is why most of his stories are on the edge of the death and life. It is often not clearly understood, whether someone died, or not, so the space for fantasy may be split. He could be cruel, but he was not bitter. He had too much pride for that, and that feature is one of the most attractive in his creativity. Brautigan regarded himself as a humorist; that is why he could afford joking with death in his stories. It is one of the matters, that he is hated for, and it is also one of the features, he is adored for. (Hume, 2001). Genius is not someone, who satisfies everyone, but one who moves against everyone and everything, but finally finds the followers and admirers. Brautigan with his “Scarlatti tilt” is this genius, but unfortunately, he is partly forgotten. References Brautigan, Richard. (2007). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. Hoberek, A. (2007). Introduction: After Postmodernism. Twentieth Century Literature, 53 (3), 233. Hume, K. (2001). Brautigan’s Psychomachia. Mosaic (Winnipeg), 34 (1), 75. Kostelanetz, R. (Ed.). (1982). The Avant-Garde Tradition in Literature . Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. Slethaug, G. E. (1993). The Play of the Double in Postmodern American Fiction . Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
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Introduction 2. Symbolic Nature of the Attic 3. Symbolic Characters 4. Works Cited Introduction Within the framework of the current paper, several concepts that can be met in Harriet Jacobs’ The Incidents of a Slave Girl will be addressed. The author of this entry will evaluate the contribution of certain stylistic devices to the narration. It is hypothesized that there are several symbols such as the attic, the topic of slavery, and the theme of womanhood that may define this book as one of the best representations of slavery and its effect on humans. Symbolic Nature of the Attic First of all, it is critical to pay attention to Linda’s hideout that is also referred to as the loophole of retreat. This place is symbolic because she cannot either stand or sit there and that hints at the fact that numerous forces do not allow her to be free. On the other hand, it can be seen as a small area of freedom that Linda creates for herself in her mind (Green-Barteet 56). Linda’s body is restricted by the attic, and that represents the terrifying impact of slavery. These limitations cause the development of depression and despair because Linda grieves both psychologically and physically (Randle 48). In this case, the reader may also remember how Dr. Flint acquired the right to kill Linda (according to the laws of slavery) but the time spent in the attic had more chances to kill her (Green-Barteet 67). Another symbolic idea connected to the attic is its distance from the imposed limitations of slavery supported by the fact that it was Linda who chose this “prison.” Going to the hideout, Linda rejects giving her soul and body to Dr. Flint. Instead of being involved in a forced sexual relationship with Dr. Flint, Linda chooses to have sex with Mr. Sands, and this is perfectly in line with her decision to give up on a luxurious cottage owned by Flint and continue being tortured by the attic (Green-Barteet 61). Even though she still suffered both emotionally and physically, she claimed her soul and mind as her own and did not give in to the negative side of her thoughts. To conclude, the loophole is a way for Linda to showcase her spiritual freedom regardless of the restrictions of her life. Symbolic Characters There are two more symbolic figures in The Incidents of a Slave Girl that can be addressed within the framework of this analysis. First of all, there is Dr. Flint. Jacobs based this character on her actual master, so there is no point in thinking that she exaggerates his nature in any way (Jacobs 101). On a bigger scale, Dr. Flint is not a mere master but a core representation of the slave system. His hypocrisy and cruelty majorly contribute to the reader’s outlook on slavery and provide them with an ability to look at the events from a slave’s point of view. Dr. Flint never feels doubtful or sympathetic toward his slave. This kind of absolute power defines the slave system. Dr. Flint is only pleased when his slaves are submissive, and that may lead the reader to realize that he may also symbolize the underlying qualities of oppression such as moral exploitation, viciousness, and longing for power (Jacobs 156). Jacobs perfectly described the process of defying the legitimacy of slavery. At the same time, there is Aunt Martha that serves as a symbol of femininity and womanhood. Her humble nature and the willingness to provide for her family can be seen even through the prism of her being a slave. Jacobs depicts Aunt Martha as a virtuous character that represents feminine values and their reflection in black women. Regardless, she witnesses that her devotion and patience are not rewarded in any way because her children are either being sold or killed by slavery (Jacobs 213). The story of this character hints at the fact that the willingness to adhere to a certain behavioral model that is not typical of the person’s origin will only lead to more suffering. Works Cited Green-Barteet, Miranda A. “”The Loophole of Retreat”: Interstitial Spaces in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl.” South Central Review , vol. 30, no. 2, 2013, pp. 53-72. Jacobs, Harriet Ann. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself . Harvard University Press, 2009. Randle, Gloria T. “Between the Rock and the Hard Place: Mediating Spaces in Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl.” African American Review , vol. 33, no. 1, 1999, pp. 43-56.
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This movie deserves human attention in several reasons. Being a documentary movie, it presents an objective vision of the future. The importance of this movie is in its critical vision of what is going to happen. People are so preoccupied with the present problems, that they do not notice the more important issues which are not connected with politics and economics. Blue Gold: World Water Wars is the movie that must be watch by each person as it considers environmental and political implications not for saving the nature and planet, but for saving humanity, because being too preoccupied with today’s problems which people consider as urgent, they have forgotten about their survival on this planet. Looking at the modern problems which preoccupy people, political, economic and environmental issues seem to be the most important. However, those who at least try to get a deeper vision of the modern world may understand what problems wait for mankind. The director of the movie has done it and he sees that neither the oil shortage, nor the greenhouse effect will destroy the global nation. Absence of water is what makes human lives last for days. It is impossible to reject the facts presented in the movie and which make it notable. People should think about survival, not about global politics. Remembering the human history, it is possible to understand that the greatest settlements were located near big rivers as people understood that water is a source of life. The movie presents several stories when people managed to live just seven days from the time when the last drop of water was in their organisms. Modern people do not notice the importance of water as they have it in excess. Nevertheless, ancient people understood the import6ance of water and worshiped on it as on God. The movie helps to understand that the problems of today are miserable in comparison with the tragedy which awaits people in the future. The film director clearly presents the future problem and points at the facts which confirm his idea. The video is supported with supportive examples and strict examples which may not be contradicted. Additionally, the proofs and scientific argumentation also important. This is not the amateur video about water shortage in the future. This is a professionally shot piece which presents argumentative and convincing proofs about the disaster which may be prevented if the pieces of advice are adopted for consideration. Therefore, it may be concluded that Blue Gold: World Water Wars is deserving movie for watching as it makes people think about the future, it helps people understand how miserable and unimportant the problems we try to solve now may be in the future. Watching the movie further and further I began to understand how important water for us, the natural resource which we do not value. This movie deserves five stars out of stars for several reasons. Much has already been said about the meaning and the problems raised in the movie. It is not a fiction which just shows the imagination of a film direction. This movie shows the ability of the author to see the future and to present it is detail, supporting with arguments. Additionally, the movie is not a financed project, it is based on the director’s enthusiasm and the desire to warn the mankind.
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So, the main story to be enlarged on is the one called “How We Got into This Mess” by Stanley J. Modic. The story focuses on the principles of cooperation and mutual relations that have occurred during recent years between the tort law and the liability insurance system being one of the main reasons for public criticism. The author analyzes the reasons for changes in the liability insurance system and the shift that took place in this system year over year. Liability insurance system has certain cycles and can face some crises as any other sector of human activity. So, the author claims that crises that took place in the liability insurance system and the tort law including their mutual operation were predictable. These crises brought changes in these systems and shifted the role of a person who is in fault and the injured one. These changes made both people eligible for getting an insurance payment. Thus, the author gives an example of the industrial objects that are not likely to bear their responsibility for producing something not in accordance with established standards that should be punished in accordance with the criminal law. Moreover, it is necessary to highlight the problem that appeared in the car-building sector being the main concern for people and creating a nice ground for mass-production of low-quality cars that could be easily damaged resulting in insurance paid to parties concerned. The cost of the insurance is another important problem that arises from the combination of tort law and liability insurance system. As only people with high income rate could afford purchasing insurance at the beginning, it was impossible for poorer people to buy insurance. Moreover, the costs that were paid out to the injured party were very low at the beginning which is also the reason for poorer people to have not bought insurances. The changes in the insurance system made it more accessible and enabled poorer people to buy insurances and get costs in case of insured accident. However, the automobile industry seemed to cooperate with insurance system because cars become less reliable and the bumpers could be easily damaged in an accident. In other words, car manufacturers did not try to make cars more reliable and solid; instead the insurance system made insurances more available. So, people had to buy insurances to avoid expensive repairs after an accident. People that wanted neither to buy insurance nor to pay costs to the injured party in the case of accident were numerous. To avoid different problems and guarantee the payment of compensation authorities made all people pay insurance premiums. The premiums were paid in small parts to avoid public criticism. One of the most criticised aspects of the insurance system change is its organisation in accordance with human values, beliefs, and expectations. Thus, the system that is aimed at ensuring that injured are provided with treatment and the guilty are punished underwent great changes but is expected to decrease its negative influence over the tort system related to accidents and damages that has to guarantee a corresponding punishment for people and corporations in fault.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Analysis Essay Rationale (what did you see that supports the diagnosis?) Client is a 29-year old female who is obsessively concerned about her safety. She meets diagnostic criterion A due to the presence of recurring thoughts. The client believes she is being constantly watched by people. The thoughts are distressing for Debra; therefore, she attempts to suppress them by performing compulsions. The woman’s compulsions take the form of regularly checking locks and light switches. The behaviors are not realistically connected to the anxiety that the client tries to alleviate. Debra meets criterion B because her compulsions take more than one hour per day (APA, 2013). Furthermore, the presence of obsessions and compulsions leads to a substantial distress in her social and occupational functioning (APA, 2013). For example, the compulsive rituals interfere with her work and limit her social interactions. The woman meets criterion C because she does not have any underlying medical conditions and substance abuse issues (APA, 2013). The client’s symptoms cannot be attributed to another mental disorder (Criterion D). Debra does not recognize that the delusional beliefs are not true. Developmental Disorder(s): No diagnosis Rationale (what did you see that supports the diagnosis?) The client has a BA degree and is gainfully employed, which is evidenced by her lack of financial concerns. Debra was able to name both the current and past presidents. She was alert during the interview. Personality Disorder(s): No diagnosis Rationale (what did you see that supports the diagnosis?) The client’s symptoms fall under four diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Debra shows no signs of other personality disorders. Medical Disorder(s): No diagnosis Rationale (what did you see that supports the diagnosis?) Debra regularly exercises and does not have an eating disorder. She adheres to her diet and eats well. The client states that she does not have medical issues and does not take medications. Therefore, it is not possible to diagnose any underlying medical disorders. Client Strengths 1. Debra is alert, young woman who has successfully pursued a bachelor’s degree. 2. The client’s mother is extremely supportive and shows considerable concern over her wellbeing. 3. The woman reports engaging in a regular exercise, which is a considerable strength since purposeful physical activities are associated with a lower risk of developing chronic illnesses. Furthermore, regular exercise is a source of stress relief. Another mental benefit of physical activities is anxiety alleviation. 4. Debra is willing to build a social life. 5. The woman had a normal childhood. 6. The client is an active member of a church, which can provide her with additional support. 7. Debra maintains a healthy diet, thereby avoiding weight disorders. 8. The client is gainfully employed, which reduces her exposure to unexpected financial challenges. 9. Debra does not report experiencing suicidal thoughts. 10. The woman is not concerned about her physical appearance. Comments/Differential Diagnosis. (Did you consider any other possible diagnoses? Identify them here, and discuss your rationale for not selecting them. You can also use this section to discuss additional observations which helped you with your diagnostic decision making General anxiety disorder has been considered as a differential diagnosis. However, the diagnosis was discarded because the patient does not meet key criteria such as fatigue, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance (APA, 2013). Avoidant personality disorder is also not applicable to the case because the client reported seeking social interactions. In addition, Debra regularly visits a church and does not regard herself as being personally unappealing. Obsessive-compulsive disorder can be misdiagnosed as anxiety; therefore, she was assessed with regard to the accuracy of her convictions (Grant, 2014). The absent insight in the presence of delusional beliefs helped to distinguish obsessive-compulsive disorder from other anxiety disorders. The woman might have experienced physical abuse from her former boyfriend, which is a stressful event that can contribute to the development of the disorder (APA, 2013). References APA. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5 th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing. Grant, J. (2014). Obsessive-compulsive disorder. The New England Journal of Medicine, 371 (1), 646-653.
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Proposed Line and Category Expansions for Kymira Sport Essay KYMIRA Sport is a London-based company founded in 2013 that produces a range of performance and recovery enhancing sportswear targeted at professional and amateur athletes and fitness enthusiasts. It features clothes made with quick-dry fabrics designed to help athletes with issues like blood circulation and pain relief (Meyer 2018). The clothes are produced using a unique technology that harnesses the wearer’s waste energy in their surroundings and converts it to infrared (KYMIRA Sport n.d.). The company also offers an app that connects to clothing and gives users diagnostic health information. KYMIRA products are reported to be a result of five years of academic research and development, and the company was included in the Inc’s list of 50 World-Changing Startups to Watch in 2019. The company’s current product lines include a selection of tops and leggings for running, cycling, and training for both men and women, winter thermal wear, socks, gloves, and sleeves for both winter and summer sports. During the COVID-19 pandemic, branded masks have been designed using a special technology that protects the wearer from viruses and bacteria. Each of the company’s products is manufactured using unique technologies that boost both performance and recovery. The prices range from £60 to £90, and the products are delivered all over the world. For the company’s future development, two line extensions and two category extensions are suggested. The first proposed line extension is a range of products aimed to help people with weight loss issues. Special materials need to be developed by the company’s research and development department that would help to increase sweating and blood circulation during training to boost the weight loss process. The line is supposed to be a success because it would expand the company’s target audience to include people whose training goals are connected with improving their body image rather than increasing performance. The second suggested line extension is swimwear, which is currently not featured among the company’s products. Swimming has always been the sport most welcoming to technological advancements, and over the years, different ways to improve the timing, training, and competition has been suggested. KYMIRA Sport can effectively use its extensive research facilities to contribute to its improvement by, for example, developing new swimwear fabrics based on its unique infrared technology. Professional swimmers are dedicated to the results and performance and can easily be addressed and attracted by a company offering technologically advanced sportswear and equipment. The proposed category extensions are bras for women that would monitor the athlete’s heart rate, and headbands for runners. The bras should be made with the company’s branded fabric with high support and sweat absorption qualities and be equipped with health monitoring features. The headbands, targeted at runners and cyclists, should primarily aim to protect the wearer from sweat and overheating and provide sweat absorption. These products are not yet featured in the company’s product range and would be a logical development of its women wear and socks and gloves collections. References KYMIRA Sport. n.d. “ An Overview .” 2020. Web. Meyer, Anna. 2018. “50 World-Changing Startups to Watch in 2019.” Inc. Web.
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Carve Electronics Company’s Leadership Models Report Table of Contents 1. Key Models 2. Current Model Summary 3. Reflection 4. References 5. Attachment In order to comprehend an objective picture of my leadership model, it is necessary to consider the most significant domains gained from the theories and concepts that were studied in the course of MSL program, those that were applied in practice and reviewed after the capstone project. It should be noted that I view transformational leadership as an approach to management that ensures the most efficient and feasible outcomes for both the company and employees. Every leader should strive to constantly analyze his or her management style and improve those indicators of work that are poor (Hackman & Johnson, 2013). Transformational leadership strengthens the motivation of employees, supports their morale and productivity through a variety of mechanisms of influence. In this approach, the leader executes different levels of power, identifies weaknesses of employees, and strengthens their capabilities. Moreover, as it was revealed during the capstone project, the management should be able to build the work in such a way that employees set corporate goals above their own and try to fulfill the corporate tasks assigned to them in the first place. However, the core of transformational leadership lies in the fact that a manager should be flexible and be able to adapt and react to the current needs of employees. Key Models During the capstone project, I was able to conclude that transformational approach to leadership implies the coordination of employees at all levels and establishing effective communication practices to promote feedback. In the course of the project, Carve Electronics was studied. It turned out that the leadership did not empower the workforce to execute autonomy, did not allow shared decision-making, and, in general, could not establish effective communication. Therefore, the leadership was alienated, and the staff was experiencing burnout due to malfunctioning from the side of management. According to Northouse (2010), “transformational leadership is the process whereby a person engages with others and creates a connection that raises the level of motivation and morality in both the leader and the follower” (p. 162). Therefore, the initial criterion of the successful organizational structure is the joint work of leadership and workforce. In terms of the MSL program, it was revealed that situational leadership is another effective approach to managing people in the current work setting. It implies that a leader identifies the changing requirements and needs of teams and responds to them in a timely manner (DuBrin, 2015). In the case of Carve, if management had considered applying situational leadership, it would be able to avoid staff turnover and provide the workers with the necessary training to remain competitive in the market. In addition, my experience in the workplace has proven that effective followership is as crucial as effective leadership is due to the fact it is the workforce that implements the prospective plans of management and not the reverse. Current Model Summary My current model (please, refer to Figure 1 in attachment) that I have established and reconsidered in the course of the program is transformational leadership. As a leader, I strive for transforming and motivating the followers through charisma, intellectual induction, and particular attention. As stated by Northouse (2010), this approach “involves an exceptional form of influence that moves followers to accomplish more than what is usually expected of them” (p. 161). In addition, I try to encourage the co-workers to come up with new ways of working to achieve success. Moreover, when conducting the capstone project, Porter’s five forces were reviewed and applied. This approach enabled determining the competitive edge of the company and changing its strategy towards more functional one. Further on, the component of transformational leadership was applied to reform and reframe the organization and its inner structure placing a greater emphasis on the skills of workers and enhancing the communication on three levels – individuals, units, and the entire organization (DuBrin, 2015). Reflection I try to continue evolving as a transformational leader as this approach is aimed at the actual setting and considers both its advantages and disadvantages. It implies the application of methods and ways of influencing people according to the specific situation and their needs. However, after finalizing the program, I intend to challenge myself as a leader further and consider the practices targeted at combating critical stages of organizational development (the period of recovery from the crisis or when implementing radical reforms and changes). References DuBrin, A. (2015). Leadership . Boston, MA: Cengage. Hackman, M., & Johnson, C. (2013). Leadership . Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. Northouse, P. (2010). Leadership . Thousand oaks, CA: SAGE. Attachment Figure 1. Visual representation of leadership model.
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Traditional vs. Digital Media Advertising Essay Any business owner knows that a quality product alone is not enough to ensure high sales and great profits. Besides having a fantastic good or service to propose, it is crucial to propose them correctly. Coming up with the most suitable advertising techniques is an essential part of any project. Currently, there is an abundance of forms of media promoting methods, both traditional and modern digital ones. While they have obvious divergences, both approaches have benefits in promoting products. I agree that digital media is the current trend, but I think that traditional advertising and promotion should find their place in our company’s policy. Digital advertising is gaining great popularity and is predicted to outweigh TV ads in the nearest years (Thielman, 2014). This approach includes email, social media, and online ads, as well as banners on websites and mobile phones. The biggest advantage of such a method is the opportunity of immediate getting to the audience (Nasr, 2015). Despite advert-blocking programs, the creators of digital announcements manage to get everywhere – you will see them when looking for information, watching a movie, or reading some online magazine. A significant share of digital advertising belongs to social media. By tracking the viewers’ interests, companies can investigate their audience and direct their attempts to concrete people (Ganguly, 2015). Social networks suggest several types of approaching customers by business owners. They can be reached based on people’s interests and hobbies or purchase manner. Also, companies may apply the so-called custom targeting which involves uploading people’s data such as phone numbers or addresses. Finally, the lookalike method is suggested: approaching people close to the target audience to expand the business. Traditional advertising maybe not so popular nowadays, but it has the advantages proven by centuries of success. While some people tend to use the latest gadgets and pay attention to media ads, others prefer more classical means of communication and therefore can be impacted via these means. The most popular traditional options are billboards, newspapers, radio and TV adverts, flyers, leaflets, and mail (Lavinsky, 2013; Suggett, 2016). Although newspapers seem to have lost their effectiveness in providing good promotion, the other methods are still rather helpful (Lavinsky, 2013). Billboards and banners are useful due to their size and visibility. They can be employed outdoors and indoors and ensure a huge effect on the public. Buying an advert space in a magazine or a newspaper has become a less popular means, but it is advantageous at a local level (Sasson, 2016). Door flyers and direct mail are noted as low-cost but effective methods due to their personalized distribution. People can delete spam messages they receive via email, but they will take a look at something delivered to their mailboxes (Lavinsky, 2013). Both traditional and digital media advertising have their pros and cons. Deciding which one is the best for a particular campaign is an important matter, and the choice depends on the product, the target audience, and the budget. Before setting up an advertising campaign, it is necessary to evaluate the company’s needs and possibilities. All kinds of promotions are beneficial in some way. The problem is to choose the most appropriate one and successfully implement it. Sometimes, the PR-managers prefer digital methods over traditional ones and vice versa. However, they should not forget that a combination will not hurt. References Ganguly, S. (2015). Why social media advertising is set to explode in the next 3 years. Marketing Land . Web. Lavinsky, D. (2013). Is traditional marketing still alive? Forbes. Web. Nasr, R. (2015). Digital advertising may be top media category in 2016: Report. CNBC . Web. Sasson, D. (2016). 7 traditional ways to advertise your business. The Huffington Post . Web. Suggett, P. (2016). Different types of advertising methods and media. The Balance . Web. Thielman, S. (2014). Digital media is now bigger than national TV advertising, will surpass total TV by 2018. Adweek. Web.
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Electric vs. Gasoline-Powered Cars Term Paper As electric cars become less costly and able to cover greater distances per single charge, consumers more and more tend to view them as a potentially preferable alternative to the traditional gasoline-powered automobiles. Electric vehicles seem to perform better on several crucial indicators, such as maintenance costs, environmental impact, and their effect on public health. However, it is also necessary to take other aspects into account to draw meaningful comparisons between the electric and gasoline-powered automobiles. While electric cars have several positive societal impacts, some of these will likely be tempered by the planned obsolescence, and the limited distance per one charge is likely to limit their use in rural areas. Electric vehicles are expected to have a positive impact on society in several aspects simultaneously. To begin with, they do not need to burn fossil fuels to operate, and, as a result, leave a smaller carbon footprint than their gasoline-powered counterparts (Malmgren 989). Apart from the environmental impact, one may also expect electric cars to be more beneficial to public health. Fine particle pollution inherent in the exhaust of internal combustion engines has numerous adverse health effects, such as cardiovascular and respiratory harm, cancer, and even early death (Malmgren 989-990). Additionally, electric cars should also have a positive effect on national security in terms of gasoline consumption. According to Malmgren, choosing an electric car over a gasoline-powered one saves up to 344 gallons of fuel per year, leaving it available for other uses (990). By doing so, electric cars reduce the country’s dependence on fossil fuels. Finally, maintenance costs for electric cars are lower than those for the gasoline-powered ones, suggesting that society will also benefit economically from using them (Malmgren 988). Considering these estimations, electric cars seem to have many positive societal impacts. However, the positive impact of the electric automobiles on the economy in terms of the maintenance costs is likely overstated. The logic of the assumption is fairly straightforward: the less money people spend on maintenance, the more they have for other productive uses, thus benefitting society as a whole. However, Malmgren’s account of this societal impact is solely based on the cars’ technical features and does not take into account the business component of the situation. As noted by Hanke et al., the management of the firms producing cars is under pressure to create “payable sustainable mobility,” and “payable” is at least as important as “sustainable” in this scheme (17). Even though electric cars do not need oil changes or spark plugs and wires, producing goods that have a long life cycle and next to no maintenance requirements is unprofitable. With this in mind, one may expect that the producers will compensate for reduced maintenance via planned obsolescence, such as contrived durability and repair prevention. Thus, the positive impact of electric cars on the consumer’s spending is likely overstated. There is one more downside to Malmgren’s economic analysis comparing the costs of operating and maintaining an electric or gasoline-powered car. The author accounts for fuel consumption and maintenance alike, successfully demonstrating that electric cars are advantageous in both aspects and yield thousands of dollars’ worth of savings during their life cycle (Malmgren 988-989). However, while assessing these costs, he omits another important one. Newnan et al. point out that, when selecting a machine, the consumer should consider not only the annual energy worth and other operating costs but also the initial costs (230). This is precisely the aspect that Malmgren largely fails to address: the author compares Nissan Leaf and Honda Civic as popular vehicles “comparable in size and function” rather than the options with equivalent initial costs (987). As a result, the article investigates the maintenance and operating costs of the vehicles under scrutiny with sufficient thoroughness but pays little attention to the initial costs of procuring them. The lack of attention to this factor is an evident downside of Malmgren’s economic analysis. Another aspect of operating an electric vehicle as opposed to the gasoline-powered one is their limited range per one charge. It is also the single most important treason why electric cars remain largely confined to urban and suburban communities and are less represented in rural areas. Contemporary electric cars have a relatively small range per one charge as compared to the gasoline-powered cars per one fill, which imposes corresponding requirements upon the public charging infrastructure (Gunn 2). As the areas with much higher population density, urban and suburban communities naturally surpass the rural areas in the development of said infrastructure, thus making electric vehicles less applicable beyond cities and towns. The logical way to overcome this limitation is to improve battery technology, extending the range of the electric cars, putting downward pressure on prices, and decreasing the required density of the charging infrastructure (Gunn 2). With the range of the electric vehicles increased to several hundred miles per charge, the barrier currently preventing their wider usage in rural areas will lose its importance, although it is unlikely to disappear entirely. As one can see, for all the advantages of the electric vehicles over their gasoline-powered counterparts, they do not fare equally well in all aspects. They have numerous positive societal impacts, but the producers will likely compensate for lower maintenance costs via planned obsolescence. This fact, as well as the initial costs and range per charge, underscore the otherwise impressive advantages of the electric cars. Works Cited Gunn, Taylor. “EVs and EDs: Rural Electric Coops to Benefit from Late Adoption of Electric Vehicles.” CoBANK , 2017. Web. Hanke, Christian, et al. “Socio-Economic Aspects of Electric Vehicles: A Literature Review.” Evolutionary Paths Towards the Mobility Patterns of the Future , edited by Michael Hülsmann and Dick Fornahl, Springer, 2014, pp. 13-36. Malmgren, Ingrid. “Quantifying the Societal Benefits of Electric Vehicles.” World Electric Vehicle Journal , vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 986-997. Newnan, Donald G., et al. Engineering Economic Analysis . 13th ed., Oxford UP, 2017.
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Leonardo da Vinci and Andy Warhol Report Table of Contents 1. Life as a fullness of picturesque art 2. Leonardo da Vinci’s glimpse on art and Mona Lisa 3. Warhol’s interpretation of the masterpiece 4. Conclusion 5. References Life as a fullness of picturesque art Life is an interesting thing – you never know what kind of surprise it will afford. This becomes clear when we realize how many things of nonmaterial character we already have by the pains of creative people. As I see, the art of direct observation is Painting, of course. Great painters get the popularity, as a rule, after being dead. A very few numbers of them became popular while alive. Now I want to pay your special attention to the two outstanding artists of different periods: Leonardo da Vinci and Andy Warhol. Leonardo da Vinci’s glimpse on art and Mona Lisa First, da Vinci was in medieval times the genius, numerous inventions of whom helped us to progress only now. His creativeness of mind helped him to supervise the ideal structure of the Universe. It seems as if he observed things internally looking at the reality which was not comprehensible for a common eye. This feature made him genius afterward and was a motive power for him to create the masterpiece of pictorial art “Mona Lisa”. Yet the Mona Lisa is one of those works of art which each generation must reinterpret. It is also to misunderstand Leonardo, for the Mona Lisa’s smile is the supreme example of that complex inner life, caught and fixed in durable material, which Leonardo in all his notes on the subject claims as one of the chief aims of art. A quarry so shy must be approached with every artifice. (Kenneth Clark 119) Warhol’s interpretation of the masterpiece Leonardo himself always thought that among arts the hardest is Painting and opposed to it the art of Sculpture. Following the traditions of ancient times, he tried to collect as many disciples, as he could nurture. Da Vinci never appraised his talent highly. Mona Lisa is a whole mystery. In every part of the picture, the author illustrates something concealed and encoded: whether it is a smile or eyes, or background. Rocky spires and pinnacles behind Mona Lisa perhaps express her laden life and the mood of her smile. In its essence, Mona Lisa’s smile is gothic, the smile of the Queens and Saints at Rheims or Strasbourg, but since Leonardo’s ideal of beauty was touched by pagan antiquity, she is smoother and more fleshly than the Gothic saints. (Kenneth Clark 120) Earlier we concluded that every generation must re-interpret da Vinci following their thinking and apprehension of the time it lives in. One of the twentieth century’s most creative, prolific, and influential artists Andy Warhol could not, but touch upon a problem of understanding da Vinci himself. His doubled Mona Lisa reflects the familiar Latin proverb: Repetitio est Mater studiorum. It is for us to keep this masterpiece in mind forever. Despite his busy Manhattan commercial life, he tries to make some gestures to accurately reveal the beauty within a mass culture using image repetition. The topic of repetition is also obviously important and interesting here. In paintings like Thirty Are Better Than One (repetitions of the Mona Lisa), the Marilyn diptych, or 100 Coke Bottles, the repetition of the same image in the same painting makes repetition itself the subject of the painting. (Jennifer Doyle, Jonathan Flatley, Jose Esteban Munoz 132) Warhol did not add something to the picture of da Vinci, Leonardo enclosed too many special remarks, that may stay ulterior till the last. Conclusion Both artists felt their need to express a beau-ideal of a woman, one through their vision and technique, another through the interpretation in the context of contemporaneity. References Clark, K. (1939). Leonardo Da Vinci: An Account of His Development as an Artist. New York: Macmillan. (1996). Pop-out: Queer Warhol (J. Doyle, J. Flatley, & J. E. MuÑoz, Ed.). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
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Causes of Divorce in America Research Paper The increase of divorce in America has been at an alarming rate. In the recent years, the divorce rates have been increasing while the marriage rates have been declining. There have been changes in the definition of a family in the current generation. This is quite discouraging even to the people who are not married. One wonders at the purpose of the marriage vows and the place they have in an individual’s life. Solot admits that she did not have the enthusiasm to get married.” Perhaps it has to do with too many unhappily married people and the divorces I’ve seen, too many breezily pledged lifetime vows that lose their meaning long before the lifetimes end”(Solot, 2011, p481). The dillusionment with marriage is quite understandable due to the high rates of divorce. Young women now prefer to cohabit rather than take the vows or walk down the aisle. In fact when several married couples are questioned they admit that they lived with their partner before they got married. Some of them even had children before they did a formal union. The high divorce rates have caused researchers to investigate the major causes of divorce. There have also been parallel studies conducted on the causes of the decline in marriage. A study on couples investigating causes of divorce found that couples cited infidelity as one of the major causes of divorce. In marriages where one of the partners has admitted to fidelity, it was also a very high predicting factor for divorce. When a partner is unfaithful, it mostly ends up with the marriage going to the rocks. However, fidelity should not be construed to be the major cause of divorce. Infidelity is usually as a result of estrangement between the spouses. There is low communication and the spouses are unsatisfied in their relationship. The couples who see the real causes and not infidelity progress faster in future relationships than the ones who do not. “Infidelity appears to play a central role in many people’s understandings of how their marriages unravel, and individuals who cite infidelity as a cause of divorce show poorer adjustment than individuals who cite other causes” (Amato, 2003) Other reasons for divorce that were given were personality clashes and lack of communication. The partners are unable to communicate or listen to each other leading to frustration. There are other major causes of divorce such as mental cruelty, physical abuse, drug use and drinking. The study found that women were more active than their men in identifying problems in the relationship and desiring to solve the issue. The men were generally very passive. Due to these differences in behavior between the genders, the men could not really recall or narrate what caused the divorce while the women would narrate very clearly. Researchers have put forward that people marry when the gains from marriage exceed the gains in being single. The people marry to have children, conduct risk pooling in terms of sharing resources and to share leisure time. When individuals come together they now have access to higher levels of wealth. They can achieve so much than they would have achieved if they were alone. The main reason people marry is not for money, however it is a great byproduct for the ones who are doing well financially. However with advances in the market place, in terms of decrease in discrimination against women in the market place and changes in technology allowing what required skilled labor to be done by less skilled individual has made the gains in marriage seem low. Women now have financial independence and the invention of the pill caused them to limit disruption in their professional careers. This has given women the economic power to end divorce if they so wish. In times of economic hardship, there is stress in the family with the relationship more likely to disintegrate into divorce. During the booms and recessions in the economy, researchers have found out that the divorce rates decrease and increase respectively. Research has shown that wealth and education works towards the couples having a healthier marriage.” Marriage has declined across all income groups, but it has declined far less among couples who make the most money and have the best education. These couples are also less likely to divorce”(Harden, 2011, p 481). The wealthy tend to choose among their economic class. It is the realization of what financial strain can do to a marriage. The well-educated partners have higher standards of relationship. They expect a substantial level or high level of emotional support, companionship and relationship fulfillment. They therefore tend to choose people from the same social class so that they are not disappointed. Another cause of divorce has been changes in legislature removing hurdles from couples or individuals who want to divorce their partners. “In the 1950s, most states required evidence of marital fault before allowing a marriage to be dissolved. Beginning in the late 1960s, many states introduced “irreconcilable differences” as grounds for divorce; effectively ushering in a period of unilateral divorce— divorce upon the request of either spouse, regardless of the wishes of his or her partner”(Stevenson & Wolfers, 2007) Now, partners can easily divorce their partners. There is no motivation to keep working at the marriage to ensure it succeeds. The reasons why couples divorce are many but the main ones are communication breakdown, estrangement, financial problems, infidelity, emotional torture, physical abuse and substance abuse. References Amato, P. (2003) People’s Reasons For Divorcing: Gender, Social Class, The Life Course, And Adjustment. Journal of Family Issues , 24 (5), 602-626 Web. Harden, B. (2011) “Numbers Drop For The Married-With-Children” In G. Goshgarian, The Contemporary Reader (10th Ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Solot, D. (2011) “On Not Saying “I Do” In G. Goshgarian, The Contemporary Reader (10th Ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Stevenson, B. & Wolfers, J. (2007) Marriage and Divorce: Changes and their driving forces. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21(2), 27–52. Web.
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Mood Disorder as a DSM–IV–TR Diagnosis Coursework Table of Contents 1. Signs and Symptoms 2. DSM-IV-TR Diagnosis 3. Explanation 4. Conclusion 5. Reference Signs and Symptoms As reported, Katie’s romantic breakup with her boyfriend was a major disappointment. The interview report reveals that this negative life event was the initial stressor that motivated her later actions. The 22-year-old girl felt weighted down by her studies and homesick, which exacerbated her initial feelings of rejection. As a result, she blamed herself over what happened, felt helpless and could not cope effectively with this event, which motivated her to attempt suicide. DSM-IV-TR Diagnosis The symptoms and signs identified are characteristic of a mood disorder. The “feelings of worthlessness, diminished ability to think properly and suicidal attempts” (APA, 2000, p. 325) based indicate a bipolar disorder (code 296.56). Katie manifested feelings of abandonment and nostalgia, inability to cope with her class work and the attempted suicide suggest feelings of helplessness, which indicate a “Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Depressed, In Full Remission” (APA, 2000, p. 328). Explanation Katie’s manifests feelings of depression. She feels unlovable, nostalgic and worthless, and displays a lack of interest in daily activities. These are symptoms of depression, which motivated her to attempt suicide. Her recent suicide attempt was planned (an overdose on pills and a suicide note) and thus, meets the DSM criteria for “a major depressive episode in full remission” (APA, 2000, p. 328). Katie’s poor self-perception (unlovable, inadequate and helpless) and negative perception of her school as overly demanding are characteristic of depression. Conclusion Although Katie shows symptoms of a mood disorder (bipolar disorder I), she displays no manic or mixed episodes. This eliminates manic depressive disorders and psychosis as likely diagnoses. The DSM criteria for a depressed mood include “lack of interest in daily activities, worthlessness or guilt and suicidal thoughts” (APA, 2000, p. 324). Therefore, her romantic breakup, feelings of homesickness, disaffection and planned suicide indicate a depressive episode in full remission. Reference American Psychiatric Association [APA]. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (DSM-IV). Washington, DC: APA.
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The Concept of OnGuard Online Identity Theft Quiz Essay Today, identity theft is an essential concern for individuals and organizations alike. It occurs when perpetrators steal personal or business information to commit fraud (The United States Government, 2018). Using such information, criminals can open bank accounts, obtain medical services using another person’s insurance, file tax returns, and perform other fraudulent actions that can be harmful to persons and businesses. Preventing identity theft requires planned efforts, such as regular checks, adequate account protection, and prompt reporting in case of suspicious activity. There is a variety of online tools aimed at improving people’s knowledge of identity theft, as well as preventing schemes. The present paper will examine the OnGuard Online Identity Theft Quiz, as well as discuss the precautions that individuals and organizations can take to avoid identity theft. The OnGuard Online Identity Theft Quiz was designed to improve individuals’ knowledge of identity theft precautions. The quiz contains eight questions. To me, all of the questions were rather simple. Detailed explanations and links to other sources for further information, on the other hand, were helpful. At the end of the quiz, there is a link to the OnGuard Online website, which appears to be broken. However, the link redirects to the website of the Federal Trade Commission that has features for filing a consumer complaint and reporting identity theft. Personally, I believe that the quiz may be useful for individuals that are not familiar with identity theft but is not challenging enough for those who know the basics. Adding several difficulty modes to test groups of consumers with different levels of awareness would make the quiz useful for all users. Identity theft precaution measures can be distributed into three main categories: protection of information, reporting, and regular checks. First of all, businesses and individuals should ensure that their private information is stored safely and that their accounts are protected with adequate passwords. For instance, companies should not share their employer identification number (EIN) and bank account numbers online to avoid identity theft. Secondly, any suspicious activity should be reported to a suitable organization, such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), a credit reporting agency, and a bank (The United States Government, 2018). Also, bank accounts and credit cards used for the suspicious activity should be frozen immediately to avoid future use. Lastly, organizations and individuals alike should regularly review their credit reports and other financial documents at least once a year to ensure that there was no unauthorized activity. The defense against identity theft has become a focus of many organizations in the past few years. As a result, credit monitoring services became more popular than before and are recommended for the prevention of identity theft by the IRS (2018). Another significant change that occurred in the past years is the increased concern with cybersecurity. Cyber attacks on organizations have become more common, and hence businesses began to review and improve their security procedures regularly. Besides, new software for preventing identity theft and information leaks is being developed, and many companies use it to stay safe. Overall, identity theft is an important issue that requires reliable defense tools and mechanisms. Although new tools for protection against identity theft are being developed, they will likely remain a crucial concern for many people and organizations due to the development of cybercrime. Thus, it is vital to ensure adequate protection, monitoring, and reporting to avoid data leaks and identity theft. References The United States Government. (2018). Identity theft . Web. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS). (2018). Tax practitioner guide to business identity theft. Web.
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Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction The current case study is dedicated to a company that deals with electronics. The problem that is going to be researched in the very case study is the role of the business continuity plan and disaster plan in readiness of the company for the disaster and in overcoming its consequences by means of the above mentioned plans (Fullmer, 2007). The company under consideration is called “Sichuan Changhong” and it is situated in the Chinese province of Sichuan. The research described in this case study was carried out by the specialists of this company whose aim was to trace the activity of the company before, during and after the disaster, namely an earthquake, that destroyed the major part of the company’s working premises, stores and factories. However, the company managed to go through the situation and restore its production powers in a year and a half. Main body The methodology used by the researchers to study the case of the Advanced Software survival in the earthquake was rather various. The researchers use the methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the method of interview, as well as the methods of self-assessment and comparative analysis. All the information gathered by means of the above mentioned methods was then processed and analyzed that allowed the researchers to make conclusions on the efficiency of the business continuity and disaster plans of the company on the basis of the information about the activities of Sichuan Changhong in the past and during the disaster. This also allowed the researchers to suppose certain improvements for the company in the future in respect of disaster management and organization of the production process. Disaster forecasting stations will be needed to make the work of the company more secure for its staff and environment. The research managed to find out that the state of the company before the earthquake was rather good, with the sales rates of electronic goods increasing and the competitiveness of the company’s goods growing in the market. This allowed the researchers to conclude that the inner organization was at a high level. It turned out to be so, as the company had a well-developed business continuity plan and a disaster plan that was created in order to formulate the necessary measures that the company must take in case of certain disaster in respect of its commercial and technological activities. Correspondently, the business continuity and disaster plans were created. Conclusion As soon as the earthquake with the magnitude of 8.0 happened on May, 14, 2008, all major facilities of the company were affected by it. But already on May, 15, the company’s officials and other staff were ready to take the measures that were provided by the disaster plan. As the disaster destroyed the main part of all the production premises, special money funds of the company were used to restore them as soon as possible in order to preserve the sales rates and not to lose the customers in the market. $1, 300, 000 was the sum that Sichuan Changhong spent in the first week after the disaster to insure that the production power of the company supplies enough of goods for the international and domestic market. The second step, according to the business continuity plan already, was to contact the customers of the company and inform them of possible delays in deliveries of the goods by the company (Fullmer, 2007). This allowed to prevent the customers from looking for other suppliers and to keep the sales rates and incomes of the company at the usual high level. After a year and a half as the disaster destroyed the company, its incomes grew almost twice and updated equipment allowed to make the production rates three times as high as they were before the disaster. Works Cited Fullmer, K. 2004. Business Continuity Planning: A Step-by-Step Guide with Planning Forms on CD-ROM, Third Edition. Rothstein Associates Inc.
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“The Glass Castle“ by Jeanette Walls Analysis Essay The Glass Castle is an incredible and very heartwarming true story about the relationship between parents and children. Love and indifference, care and insouciance, sublime topics, and the absolute hopelessness of everyday life are two sides of the same coin. Furthermore, this coin is spinning so fast that it is hard to keep track of which side you are on now. The cruelty of children is an echo from childhood, although Jeannette destroys this stereotype, demonstrating the prosperous future of the main heroine. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that influence the successful future of the main character Jeannette. The heroine of an autobiographical story listens to Vivaldi, relaxes in a comfortably furnished house, wears pearls, and lives on Park Avenue. Meanwhile, her parents are worried about searching for food and a place to sleep. An intriguing start for a novel, taking into consideration that the next page is devoted to her mother. She washes her face for a visit to a restaurant and tells her adult daughter about Picasso’s works, the pink period, cubism, and life values. A series of memories of Jeannette dwells on her childhood, wandering with parents, a brother and a sister in the desert and small towns. On the one hand, a feeling of hunger, cardboard boxes instead of a bed, father’s frequent drinking periods, painted spots to hide holes in pants, and food from garbage cans seem terrifying. On the other hand, upbringing and education, love for the family, for parents who refuse the benefits of civilization and perceive life as a great adventure. The heroine and her family’s life changes at a time when they are forced to flee the city. This time they move to a huge mansion in Phoenix, which the deceased grandmother rented out. Besides, children are enrolled in a literature study group for gifted children at school, dad gets a job, and mom opens an art studio. She also dances with her dad to a wide variety of music. There are many social problems that children face behind this seemingly optimistic picture of survival. Staying in grandmother Erma’s house, dad’s mother becomes a painful experience for children who are trying to justify their father. Moving into adulthood and independent choice lead Jeannette to the position of editor-in-chief. All the children of the family move to New York, as well as their parents who consciously become homeless. Anyway, it does not prevent Jeannette’s father from getting the required amount of money so that his daughter can continue her college education. The world that Janette, her sisters, and a brother escaped from does not turn into the Glass Castle promised by his father. The matured children, being always ready to help each other, are able to happily arrange their life, reminiscent of a glass castle that can crash from a rough touch at any moment. Parents cannot be chosen; children perceive the world as an absolute givenness and learn to live with any parents, love them unconditionally. Generally, such children fight for their families more than their parents. Even more remarkable is the fact that under the current conditions, Jeannette could become successful in her career. The primary factor is her incredible desire to accompany all her life, to break out of the existing reality, hopeless poverty, and the absence of any possibility for a happy future. The second factor relates to the personal qualities of the main character, and she is capable of maintaining her priorities and following the dream, despite any difficulties. It is possible to say that The Glass Castle is consonant with the present time. Indeed, even today, one can often see how a good idea, the right message of upbringing, turns into its antipode over time. It is difficult to determine the secret of success of the main character. On the one hand, an echo from childhood makes Jeannette be steady on her purpose and achieve goals; on the other hand, hard work and the help of relatives allow her to overcome the troubles that arise on the path to success.
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US Army’s Challenges After the American Civil War Essay Challenges Confronted by the Army Following the Civil War The United States’ military faced several challenges during and after the war that no American would like to remember because the experience inflicted pain to many. Carin says that the painful challenges that the army went through cannot be easily erased from the minds of many (74). The soldiers had very long and tiring moments during the war. Although the civil war had some positive impacts in some aspects, the challenges were tough to endure. This research paper explores the challenges that confronted the military army following the civil war. According to Rosenheim, the life of soldiers was not easy. Besides being at a high risk of losing their lives in the battlegrounds, they were also faced with many hardships (34). As Kingseed states, many soldiers lost their lives and several others were left with permanent injuries which they nurse to date (53). According to Tucker, the soldiers faced the risks of death and health problems in the battlefields that affected their fighting ability (56). Enslow argues that many of the soldiers who died of diarrhea and dysentery outnumber those who died on the battlefield (89). The problem was caused by the use of contaminated water, poor sanitation at the camps, and general lack of hygiene among the soldiers because of the nature of the battle. These poor living conditions also led many to die from measles, malaria and many other prevalent diseases. The idea of acquiring medicine was very primitive during this period as many doctors even did not know much about the infections. This led to the death of many soldiers even from very minor diseases that be treated by drugs obtained over the counter today. The army was also frequently faced with the challenge of food shortage. The civil war soldiers often received small portions of food. This shortage was caused by the already destructed agricultural economy leading to poor and low production. They would sometime go to battle without taking food, making them weak and unable to attend to their duties effectively while in the battlefields. Another challenge faced by the soldiers was the issue of clothing. According to Tucker, at the onset of the war, there was a specific problem with the color of the uniform to settle on, and the armies experienced delays acquiring the uniform because of the dragging contracts between the government and the selected manufactures (44). Woodworth says that the army finally received cheap clothing from the women’s sewing groups and even when they acquired the uniforms, their quality and supply were low (52). It forced the officers to depend on their families and friends for a continuous replacement of their worn-out uniform, a fact that affected their morale in the war. This scholar says that the most serious clothing problem for the soldiers was to keep good shoes. Most of these military officers were forced to fight barefooted, leading to injuries and pain. The army was also faced with the problem of a lack of arms. According to Wolseley, there was a low supply and poor distribution of firearms to the troops (65). This scholar says that the officers were forced to carry old ineffective sporting rifles and shotguns. Many youths volunteered to join the military, but they had to wait for a long time to get the weapons and uniforms. Works Cited Carin, Ford. The American Civil War: An Overview . Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 2014. Print. Kingseed, Cole. The American Civil War . Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2004. Print. Rosenheim, Jeff. Photography and the American Civil War . London: McMillan, 2013. Print. Tucker, Spencer. Almanac of American Military History . Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2013. Print. Wolseley, Garnet. The American Civil War: An English View . Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002. Print. Woodworth, Steven. The American Civil War: A Handbook of Literature and Research . Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2006. Print.
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Summary of the Interview About Real Estate With the Expert in This Area Essay Introduction Matt Pentecost is an owner and president of SacSurfacePro, a small business operating in Sacramento, CA. It offers customers a myriad of home services: installing grout, tile, natural stone, glass, showers, and shaping/cleaning home surfaces. What was the biggest challenge at the beginning? Pentecost admitted that initially, he lacked a business sense, and it was difficult to stay busy. In other words, it is always challenging to manage the business by oneself and without experience. As I understood, one of the most critical challenges at the beginning is to find clients, reach them, and satisfy them with splendid services/products establishing a more stable business connection. The owner advised beginners to stay active, upbeat, passionate about what they do, and open-minded (Real Estate Success Center 00:01:50- 00:03:00). It is not always possible to stick to the plan; thus, the business model should be flexible and highly adaptive. Do you have your own website, and which role did it played at the start? SacSurfacePro’s owner revealed that he had no website for the first five years since he started a business in 2005. Matt Pentecost recognized that his decision to neglect website building for so long due to the fear of additional expenses was a mistake. Matt followed someone’s advice to open a website and was ultimately pleased with its benefits. He realized that a wise digital presence and social media work are critical factors in promoting one’s products, services and establishing a brand name (Real Estate Success Center 00:03:21-00:04:30). Thus, we should launch a personal website from the beginning to inform our clients of real estate services and their pricing. Our marketing efforts (Facebook, Instagram, and word of mouth) should drive customers to visit the official website, ask questions, and order services. Do Google My Business reviews influence business appeal, or is it irrelevant at the beginning? The interviewee emphasized that small businesses’ prioritized task is to provide a high-quality service, meet the market standards, and even outperform most local competitors. It will assist in spreading a good word about the company and attract more clients. However, people tend to search a firm on the web, inspect the Google My Business page or other platforms, read the reviews, and compare them to ones left about direct competitors. Hence, it is essential to be present on various platforms, make sure we provide top-notch services and encourage our satisfied clients to leave a great review. People often make final decisions to use one’s service just based on great reviews and information found on the website. How to assemble the right team for a small business? Small enterprises, especially at the beginning, do not require a high number of managers and staff. Pentecost confessed that it was difficult to part with close colleagues just because this partnership was not effective. Nevertheless, a business owner should be able to say no, to cut ties when needed to improve efficiency and avoid additional costs (Real Estate Success Center). It is commonly seen that enterprise owner gives extra chances for a worker to improve his/her efficiency, but unfortunately, the problem remains. In our case, we should hire a limited number of sales agents among graduate students. The latter should undergo proper selection to ensure they have the needed traits to communicate with clients and expand their competence in the field. The small business team should trust each other, effectively and timely communicate, and be aware of current challenges. Conclusion To conclude, the interviewee provided helpful insights regarding a thorny path of starting entrepreneurs. Although Pentecost does not own a real estate agency, he has rich experience managing a small business connected to the housing. The biggest challenge is to find clients and establish a local brand image at the early stage. The use of social media and websites is of high importance since it enables effective marketing strategies. The firm should also pay attention to ratings and reviews on various platforms since they influence clients’ decision-making. Agency’s team should be limited in numbers but friendly and effective. All that will result in the enterprise’s high flexibility and adaptivity, helping avoid stagnation and collapse. Work Cited Real Estate Success Center. “Small Business Owner Interviews: Matt Pentecost.” YouTube.
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The Impact of Qasem Soleimani’s Death on the Gcc Region Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction The political situation in the Arabic world is known to be unstable, with a lot of undercurrents and twists – Iran, for example, has had ongoing conflicts with neighboring countries for decades now. Since the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it seems to have been trying to get other Arabic countries under its control ( Iran and the Gulf Cooperation Council ). These conflicts became the catalyst for the formation of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in 1981, a union that includes Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, and the UAE. Iran has been involved in destabilizing the political, military, and economic situation in the region in the past years – and its relationship with Saudi Arabia has been especially low ( Iran and the Gulf Cooperation Council ). This is why the events of January 2020 appear to be good news for Saudi Arabia, UAE, and their allies. Main body Qasem Soleimani, an Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Quds Force (IRGC-QF) Commander and an impactful political figure from Iran, was killed in Baghdad on the 3rd of January, 2020. The attack was performed by the U. S. military, according to the statement of the U. S. Department of Defense ( U.S. Killing of Qasem Soleimani 4). In response, Iranian leaders promised to strike back and avenge Soleimani’s death. On the 8th of January, 2020, Iran sent several missiles targeting Iraqi military bases with the U. S. army located in them ( U.S. Killing of Qasem Soleimani 6). Most analysts conclude it was done to demonstrate the country’s force and its will to fight back ( U.S. Killing of Qasem Soleimani 6). Qasem Soleimani was allegedly killed because he was planning an attack on the United States – that is the official reason. The States have been portraying Soleimani as a terrorist and a threat to the Arabic world. There were suggestions of the attack being a response to the pro-Iranian protest and further blockade of the American embassy in Baghdad ( U.S. Killing of Qasem Soleimani 6). Besides, it was an escalation of the low-level conflict between the two countries that had been going on for a while (Jonathan). One of the underlying reasons for it was the tension over the oil fields involving Iran and Saudi Arabia, and the U. S. as the ally of the latter. There had been several attacks from the Iranian side over the previous few months, so the U. S. naturally had to give some sort of response (Ward). Qasem Soleimani’s assassination was celebrated in the GCC countries, especially Saudi Arabia. It was, undoubtedly, a power move to show America’s allegiance to them – Trump has finally backed up his anti-Iranian rhetoric with actions. Right after the attack, the oil prices increased by a few percent, hitting $70.73 per barrel, although soon afterward, the tension eased, and the price went back to lower (Obeid). It was unclear how the situation would unfold, but the predictions were that a war escalation would majorly affect oil prices, making them almost double. The biggest winner in the situation turned out to be Saudi Arabia – a shift in Iranian export, all to their advantage, has had a positive influence on the country’s economy (Obeid). Conclusion The predictions of World War III that were going around soon after Soleimani’s death have not been confirmed. It seems like Riyadh’s goal is to pull Baghdad away from Tehran, but after the attack, they have got lower chances to succeed (Farouk). Soleimani’s assassination encouraged anti-American and pro-Iranian movements, so at the moment, prospects of the situation are unclear (Farouk). From the military perspective, Iran is unlikely to make any provocative moves – it will probably keep the attacks low-level and not risky (Ward). Besides, at the moment, the economic situation in Iran is not the greatest – and it seems to be a massive win for Saudi Arabia. Works Cited Farouk, Yasmine. “ What Does the U.S. Killing of Soleimani Mean for Saudi Arabia? ” Carnegie . 2020. Web. “Iran and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).” United Against Nuclear Iran . Web. Marcus, Jonathan. “ Qasem Soleimani: Why kill him now and what happens next? ” BBC News . 2020. Web. Obeid, Hassan. “ The consequences of Qasem Suleimani’s death on the global energy market. ” The Conversation . 2020. Web. “U.S. Killing of Qasem Soleimani: Frequently Asked Questions.” Congressional Research Service , 2019, pp. 1-29. Ward, Alex. “ The case for killing Qassem Soleimani .” Vox . 2020. Web.
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Leadership in the Public Making Policy Process Research Paper Pubic policies are very essential in resolving public issues and controversies. The process of creating public policy is very sensitive and requires proper leadership for viable and practical decisions that are beneficial to the public to be made. The quality of public policies made depends entirely on the leadership traits possessed by those in charge of the public policy making process (Gerston, 2010). Lack of leadership traits essential for making sound public policies can be very detrimental to the general development and running of a country. Since pubic policy making process is a team effort by a group of leaders, it is necessary for these leaders to have the basic qualities that a policy maker needs to possess. This paper will highlight some of the leadership qualities required in public policy making process and finally look at examples of leaders with excellent records in creating viable and practical pubic policies. To begin with, a public policy leader must embrace teamwork since public policy making is a team effort (Koch, 2007). The people being selected to create public policies must have relevant information and expertise concerning a respective policy. This will enable the policy makers to gather relevant information and apply their expertise in developing quality policies that would be beneficial to the public (Koch, 2007). Although public making policy should include the public and other stakeholders, those leading the process should be experts who have experience in matters concerning the policy at hand. An example of this is when leaders with experience in the armed forces are selected to be in charge of formulating military policies. A public policy leader should have a high sense of integrity with a selfless attitude. Integrity and selflessness ensures that the policies formulated are for the benefit of the public and not selfish personal interests of leaders or other specific stakeholders (Anderson, 2010). Those in charge of the public policy making process should be widely travelled which enables them to formulate quality policies based on their experiences in foreign countries. Comparing a variety of examples enables public policy makers to come up with more informed decisions. All leaders make decisions at some point in their duties and this is no exemption public policy making leaders. Policy making leaders should be decisive because the final decision lies with them after extensive consultation. There are many renowned leaders across the world that are credited with leading the process of formulating public policies that turned out to be beneficial for their countries (Anderson, 2010). Al Gore is an example of those leaders who are regarded as being instrumental in bringing quality, modern and practical industrial policies in the United States of America when he was the vice president under the Clinton regime. Al Gore is known to see public policy formulation is a way of responding to changing societal need s and a demonstration of one’s leadership. In conclusion, the right leadership qualities and traits are needed for effective formulation of public policies that are beneficial to the public. A sound education background and experience is essential for those in charge of leading the process of making public policies. Policy makers must be men and women of integrity who have the interest of the public at heart. References Anderson, J. (2010). Public policymaking: An introduction . New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Gerston, L. (2010 ). Public policy making: Process and principles . New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Koch, R. (2007). Public governance and leadership: Political and managerial in. New York, NY: DUV.
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“DVDs, Hollywood’s Profit Source, Are Sagging” by Brooks Barnes Essay The market mechanism in determining the demand and supply of goods is driven by changes in price. But that is in a situation when citrus Paribus is assumed. Further, the demand and supply of the good also affect the overall revenue of the company. The article about the stagnant DVD demand and the reducing profit of entertainment companies has been highlighted in the article (Barnes). In this essay, we will discuss the influence of changing demand of DVDs and high definition disks and their prices in the market, and how their price reduction and sagging demand have affected company revenue. The demand for DVDs has been declining since 2005. This is the case even with declining prices of the product. Hence, we see the demand curve for DVDs has shifted leftward which implies one of the factors that remained constant had changed. One reason for this could introduction of alternatives i.e. increased competition. MP3s and MP4s are strong competitive forces to DVDs. MP3s have become cheaper and so are digital downloads. So an increase in competition for DVDs is driving down demand. Another reason attributable to this shift is the economic recession in the United States. This has shifted the demand for DVDs. Diagrammatically we see the as the demand curve shifts to the left, at a price P, the demand for DVDs declines from Q 0 to Q 1 . Figure 1: Shift in demand for DVDs Further, in the case of DVDs, there has been a decline in the price of the product too. This is because of increased supply. As reported: “Media companies, desperate for revenue, are dumping more obscure titles on the market, leading to downward pricing pressure, according to Distribution Video and Audio, a home entertainment overstock company in Burbank, Calif. Consumers are being more selective.” (Barnes) This shows that an increase in the supply of DVDs has pushed the price of the product. As figure 2 shows the sale of DVDs had reached equilibrium at price P 1 and demand Q 1 but as the supply from the producers went, up to Q s the demand for DVDs fell to Q2 and the equilibrium position was disturbed. Further, due to changes in the cetirus paribus assumption, the quantity demanded at the current supply fell further down to Q d . Hence, there was a decline in total revenue from P 1 Q 1 to P 2 Q 3 . Figure 2. DVDs propel profits The article clearly shows that, as there is an increase in the supply of DVDs, the prices are pushed down due to the interplay of the market forces. The quantity demanded dropped further due to a leftward shift of the demand curve due to changes in demand for its substitutes. This demand and supply mechanism demonstrates why there has been a slump in the demand for DVDs and how an increased supply had brought down prices of the product. Now cost structure remaining same, the cost of making of one DVD will remain same, it is sold at a lesser price than earlier. As the revenue from one unit of DVD falls the profit from one unit of DVD falls. Clearly, there is a decline in the profit of the DVD producers. This also explains the statement in the article: “DVDs propel profits these days, and there is a creeping dread in the movie capital that buyer interest is plummeting as the global economic crisis worsens.” (Barnes) This shows as the DVD sales are 70 percent of the producer’s profit, there is expected to be a decline in the profit too (Barnes) which supports our microeconomic analysis of the industry. References Barnes, Brooks. “ DVDs, Hollywood’s Profit Source, Are Sagging (Los Angeles) .” 2008. The New York Times. Web.
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Oman is a country that is much bigger in territory than Qatar; however, the two compared countries tend to demonstrate various analogies not only in tourism but in the dynamics of the nations as well. For example, both countries are the representatives of the Gulf Cooperation Council with an economy where oil manufacturing and the workforce of the external employees are vital to maintaining high productivity. Furthermore, continuing to list similarities between Qatar and Oman, it is essential to mention the climate, which for both countries are dry and unfavorable, especially in summer. The prevailing religion in both countries is Islam, and it is the heart of the existence of the indigenous part of the population. The countries are currently comparably constant; however, they are situated in an area that is exposed to threats. Moreover, the adjustment towards Western countries and their international politics would more likely to expose the countries to the threat of terrorism. The enduring totalitarian regime as an outcome of the Arab Spring has been dethroned, as a result, a new generation is willing to receive more freedom and connection with current knowledge and mass media. The tourism of both countries has been considered as a solution to an oil and gas problem, as the supplies of resources are overestimated in their duration. The position of manufacturing is becoming stronger and eventual in Oman rather than Qatar. As a result, tourism appears to be a field for the proclamation of worldwide integration by the Gulf. Works Cited Henderson, Joan. “The Development of Tourist Destinations in the Gulf: Oman and Qatar Compared.” Tourism Planning and Development 12.3 (2014): 1-12. Print.
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“My Kid Could Paint That” Documentary Essay Introduction The documentary My Kid Could Paint That looks into the life of a four-year old girl called Marla whose abstract paintings had attracted much media attention. Her paintings had been in high demand going for thousands of dollars. The skills demonstrated in the paintings were unlike what other four year old could paint arousing criticisms on the authenticity of the paintings. Abstract art is highly regarded in the art industry, which celebrates persons gifted in abstract painting. Some of these paintings are displayed in public art galleries for public viewing. Few children prodigies can paint abstractly as Marla did; a fact that raises issues of parental assistance on children’s paintings. The film also raises the questions about abstract painting that is normally associated with experienced and gifted adults. Abstract Art The film shows how art and especially abstract painting is highly appreciated in the art world. Marla becomes a media celebrity, with the display of paintings attributed to her at art galleries. The art world appreciates pieces of art done by talented personalities. The film also shows the fascination that people have regarding art and abstract painting. Talented artists garner international media attention just like Marla, who takes the art world by a storm with her paintings which the film describes as superb and could fetch thousands of dollars. However, in the film Marla is not seen to do painting from the start to the final stages in front of the camera though the paintings were all attributed to her. The film shows dozens of her works that were breathtaking to most abstract art fans with most of them selling quickly and at high prices. However, controversy arises over the authenticity of her works. People admire and appreciate art with the pieces of art fetching thousands of dollars. Nevertheless, art pieces especially abstract paintings are sophisticated and complex. The controversy over the authenticity of the art pieces attributed to Marla shows that most people do not trust child prodigies in the abstract art. The film questions whether the pieces of work attributed to Marla are indeed hers or she had assistance from the parents. The film also raises questions regarding the media’s habit of building up a subject and then tearing it down. Marla’s exceptional abstract painting at such an early age attracts international media attention. However, new questions about child prodigy arise as the media treats her paintings with concern and suspicion over their authenticity. The media seeks to discredit the young artist by claiming that the parents might have doctored her paintings. The parental influence is apparent towards the end of the film when the father demands that the camera operator stop filming the girl while painting. This portrays that the parents might have directed the paintings as they protect her from media publicity. It also shows the media’s intentions of portraying that the paintings were not done by the young girl as purported by the parents. Conclusion Marla’s abstract paintings represent extraordinary work from a four-year-old art prodigy. Her works attract media attention that treats her work with both fascination and suspicion over its authenticity. The film demonstrates the appreciation that people have on art. The film also shows the parental control that people have on their children. Marl’s protracted media attention over her ingenious paintings is overemphasized in the film, as her paintings done in the glare of the media are not as good as those done away from the media are.
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The History of Boeing Aircraft Company Presentation Introduction * Boeing is an American multinational aerospace and defense corporation. * It is among the world’s largest aircraft manufacturers (Badrocke et al, Pp. 98). * The largest exporter by value in the US. * The second largest airline planes supplier in the world. Boeing is an American multinational aerospace and defense corporation and is among the largest global aircraft manufacturers by revenue, orders and deliveries, and the third largest aerospace and defense contractor in the world based on defense-related revenue. Boeing is the largest exporter by value in the United States. The company is made up of multiple business units, which are Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA); Boeing Defense, Space & Security (BDS); Engineering, Operations & Technology; Boeing Capital; and Boeing Shared Services Group. Among all airline plane manufacturers, Boeing is the second largest supplier of airline planes after Airbus. History * Found in 1916 by William Boeing. * WWI and WWII brought the company to prominence. * Built small airplanes until 1933, then began building airliners. * Boeing has expanded over the years ad acquired many smaller firms (Dobbs, pp. 23). Boeing was founded in 1916 by William E. Boeing in Seattle, Washington. When the US entered WWI in the late 1917, Boeing was contracted to design and build training seaplanes. After the war, Boeing built small planes besides other products such as dressers, counters, furniture, and flat-bottom boats, and in 1933 the revolutionary Boeing 247 was introduced, the first truly modern airliner. During WWII, Boeing built a large number of bombers and by March 1944, production had been scaled up in such a manner that over 350 planes were built each month. Boeing has continued to expand its operations and has been acquiring several small companies such as National Air Transport in 1930, Vertol Aircraft Corporation in 1960, and Rockwell’s aerospace and defense units in 1966. Currently, Boeing builds airlines, defense equipment, and space exploration vehicles. Competitive Environment and Porters 5 Forces Model * Boeing faces stiff competition due to such many competitors such as Airbus and Lockheed Martin (Delfmann, pp. 56). * Threat of New Entrants –Boeing faces competition from new firms, but has fought back by acquiring smaller firms. * Power of Suppliers- Boeing hold substantial power since it is a major supplier in the aviation industry. * Power of Buyers- There is no buyer/ customer that holds substantial power. * Threat of Substitutes- The company has fought off this threat by embracing R&D and innovation. * Rivalry Among Competitors- Boeing faces stiff competition from other industry players. Analysis of Boeing Company using Porter’s 5 Forces Model. Boeing 777 * Boeing-777 was designed in 1994 to carry passengers and cargo. * It replaced the 767 and 747 models to increase capacity (Norris & Wagner, pp. 122). * It is the world’s largest twinjet. * The most common variant is the 777-200ER model. * Is the most ordered commercial plane in the world. The Boeing 777 is a long-range, wide-body twin-engine jet airliner manufactured by Boeing and is the world’s largest twinjet. Its distinguishing features include the largest-diameter turbofan engines of any aircraft, six wheels on each main landing gear, a circular fuselage cross-section, and blade-shaped tail cone. Developed in consultation with eight major airlines, the 777 was designed to replace older wide-body airliners and bridge the capacity difference between the 767 and 747. There are several variants of the plane such as the original 777-200, 777-200ER, 777-300, 777-300ER and 777-200LR. The most common variant used worldwide is the 777-200ER, with 415 aircraft delivered. Boeing 777 was designed to increase range and capacity. Works Cited Badrocke, Michael, Gunston, Bill, and Badrocke, Mike . Boeing aircraft cutaways: the history of Boeing Aircraft Company. Hamilton, MT: Osprey Publishing, 1998. Delfmann, Werner . Strategic management in the aviation industry. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Ltd, 2005. Dobbs, David A. Aviation Industry Performance: A Review of the Aviation Industry in 2008. Number: CC-2009-039, 2009. Norris, Guy, Wagner, Mark. Boeing 777: the technological marvel. Easton: MBI Publishing, 2001.
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Cuban Missile Crisis in History and Political Studies Proposal Essay Abstract The Cuban Missile Crisis is certainly one of the few extreme cases that have brought the world to the brink of a thermonuclear war. The true record of the actual events that transpired have for a long time been kept a secret. However, with the declassification of government documents concerning the event, it has become necessary to rewrite history. This rewrite will enable proper consolidation of information and provide a more accurate account of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Cuban Missile Crisis Study The 1962 Cuban missile incident was an event of great historical importance. It was termed the Cuban Missile Crisis, for it saw two super powers brought to the brink of war due to their differences in view of Cuba possessing nuclear weapons. The United States of America (U.S.A hereafter) and the United Social Soviets Republic (U.S.S.R hereafter) are the two nations that were at loggerheads. The crisis received extensive media coverage, and as a result, much documentation was made concerning the crisis. However, these old literature concerning the crisis have proven to be inaccurate, insufficient as well as unreliable as new information, hitherto classified is made public (Allison and Zelikow, 1991). In addition, the older publications and other newly published works that relate to this topic are biased as they were written based on the author’s political inclination. The authors base their publications on one aspect of the crisis and neglect the others. As a solution, consolidation of the previously classified information, memoirs and other documentation concerning the crisis can give invaluable information to enlighten the public. Credible sources are used to obtain data relating to the crisis and incorporated into one document which covers the entire topic. The research being proposed has many other related works. These works entail all aspects of research, with information being retrieved using all possible approaches and methodologies. Books and other related publications that have been published since the 1960s when the crisis arose up to present day documentation of the crisis. The older publications that have existed for more than two decades between 1960s and 1970s fail to analyze the crisis adequately. Literatures such as ‘Conversations with Kennedy’, ‘The Burden and Glory’ and ‘American Journey’ are samples of the very first books published on the crisis. Most of the earlier works that discuss this topic lack accuracy and the in depth analysis of the crisis. New works published that relate to the topic have had an upper hand over the older publications due to lack of declassified information. This information was recently made public and has given the old authors an opportunity to update and correct their work. In this case, however, the approach being used to get information is the key distinguishing factor from the other related sources of information. Unlike other research conducted and publications written on the issue, the approach taken in this research will altogether eliminate the possibility of having a unidirectional discussion. Consolidation of information from several credible sources is the main approach to be used in the oncoming publication. Merging information that has been gathered from various sources leads to the production of a handy publication (Schier and McKeown, 2008). Such consolidation of ideas and newly found information creates a more detailed and informed publication. This is because it will have all the necessary information converging in one piece of research. Current approaches used in publications concerning the Cuban Missile Crisis are deeply flawed. Research is conducted hurriedly with little time allocated to data collection. Little consultation is done as many publishers opt to retrieve information from older books. These books have been written by individuals who had personal experiences during the crisis period. Dino Brugioni’s ‘Eyeball To Eyeball’ is an example of a book written by an individual who served during the Cuban Missile Crisis as an analyst. The book has been regarded as a detailed and excellent excerpt of the crisis period from an insider’s view of the intelligence side of the crisis. Using the book to publish a current book today may be considered inappropriate as there is sufficient information concerning the intelligence view point on the crisis (Munton and Welch,2012). Further study into topic not only benefits the writer but the general public and state. A different and more objective form of publication will have been added to the collection of publications on the Cuban Missile Crisis. Future research on the same topic will be made much easier due to the consolidation of information. Reference to many different books will be reduced as the publication will include the entire crisis. Numerous points of view will also be available in the publication, providing the reader with a clear explanation of the crisis. The proposed solution is a cost effective and time efficient alternative. Furthermore, the solution acts as the complete package when discussing The Cuban Missile Crisis. This is because it offers the opportunity of directly implementing the solutions discussed. Additionally, it requires very minimal and inexpensive equipment. Will the proposed solution be appreciated? In response to the stated hypothesis, the proposed solution was due to lack of a consolidated documented material concerning the Cuban Missile Crisis (Stein, 2008). Publishing one such document will be greatly received by the public due to its added advantages over the rest. The information provided will also be from reputable sources and lengthy editing of the publication. The proposed solution acts as a step to forging ahead in the art of consolidating all necessary information in one document to ease the revision process for the rest. Works Cited Allison, G.T., and P. Zelikow. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis . Longman, 1999. Print. Munton, D., and D.A. Welch. The Cuban Missile Crisis: A Concise History . Oxford University Press, 2012. Print. Schier, H., and T. McKeown. The Cuban Missile Crisis . ABDO Publishing Company, 2008. Print. Stein, R.C. Cuban Missile Crisis: In the Shadow of Nuclear War . ENSLOW PUBL, 2008. Print.
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If Machiavelli were alive today, what kinds of recommendations would he make to someone who wanted to gain and retain political office? Essay The author of the quotation “the end justifies the means” (Weeraratne 68), the father of the political theory, the teacher, and the best example for so many current leaders, Niccolò Machiavelli lived at the end of the 15 th century and at the beginning of the 16 th century and could not even guess how powerful his ideas would be during the 20 th and 21 st centuries. This Italian philosopher and writer created his works in order to help men comprehend what they should do, how they should do, and what they should not do anytime. The readers usually appreciate reliable pieces of advice, this is why Machiavelli’s works are still in such unbelievable demand. The time changes the world, however, some words, which were told in the past, may be rather relevant to the situations, which happen nowadays. Machiavelli’s works have a considerable impact on our modern politicians, taking into consideration the fact that he worked during the far 16 th century; and now, let’s only imagine how powerful and helpful his ideas for those, who want to gain a political office, could be, if Niccolò Machiavelli was alive today. In 1513, Niccolò Machiavelli wrote his Prince , the political treatise, where he gave certain pieces of advice for the prince to enlarge his power at the expense of his principality. This philosopher truly believed that the main purpose of any prince is to create a stable state and did not care about the actions and their consequences, even if there are cruel. It does not matter that someone could hate or even despise the prince, the only thing that mattered was power, obedience, and victory. To my mind, some of his ideas are used or at least taken into consideration by the members of political offices. A modern political office is “the office of Member of Parliament, Member of the European Parliament, or a member of a local authority or any position within a political party” (Sargeant and Lewis 369). If Niccolò Machiavelli was alive today, his recommendations to people, who wanted to retain a political office, could be rather various. First of all, he would recommend the representatives of the parliament to forget about people’ demands and care about personal prosperity. If people do not have too much, they do not have many reasons to lose something or care about something, this is why these people are easy to control, and the representatives of the political office can gain any sphere of life within a short period of time. A person wants to gain a political office, but there is a few number of places to take. This is why it is necessary to make the representatives of the parliament drop their business or at least prove the others own abilities to become a worthwhile part of the political office. Nowadays, people already have so many things, much money, real estate, and own business, this is why another brilliant idea of Machiavelli may be closely connected to the strategy that could lead to loss of all those things and poverty. By means of taxes and price rising, it is possible to make those, who have too much, pay more. One day, it would be impossible to solve all those financial problems, and people would be eager to change the parliament. And here you are: ready to help, provide financial support, save the country, and make this country respect and be afraid of your power. Of course, all these ideas are not fair enough; however, as Machiavelli said “the end justifies the means” (Weeraratne 68). Works Cited Sargeant, Malcolm and Lewis, David. Employment Law . England: Pearson Education Limited, 2008. Weeraratne, Andrew. Uncommon Commonsense Steps to Super Wealth – Your (Hero’s) Journey . Florida: Passerelle Corp, 2007.
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Military Social Worker’s Services for Personnel Essay As a military social worker, my task is to provide appropriate support and introduce clear interventions with the help of which military personnel, their families, and other dependents may solve their personal and professional problems and avoid conflicts or other negative outcomes. In military couples, many distinctive strengths and challenges may influence their relationships and the distribution of roles and responsibilities (Bakhurst, Loew, McGuire, Halford, & Markman, 2016). The case of Michael Johnson is not easy because several details remain to be unclear, and recent observations require certain explanations. Certain aspects have to be clarified before some interventions may be offered in this case. Michael Johnson is a new person in the Explosive Ordinance Disposal (EOD) School. No observations and personal judgments can be used in this case. The experience of the sailor and the report the FAP (a previous place of Michael’s work) employees are the only materials offered. At this moment, Michael is accused by his wife of physical abuse. Still, no factual information is given. No physical signs and damage were proved. Besides, it was assumed that Michael left her wife and their two children (aged four and six years) with $100 cash and no other opportunities to pay bills. Still, no clear evidence was given at the moment of the sailor’s assessment. Fourteen months ago, Michael and Amanda faced a similar abuse problem the result of which was Michael’s visits to a special violence treatment course. Amanda declined her participation. No explanation of why she did not want to continue her participation in the program was given. It could happen that there was Amanda’s fault in physical abuse as well. The task of a military social worker is not to accuse one person, but to understand the relationships in a family, identify a problem, and clarify what solutions may be given. During a meeting, Michael behaves quietly. Still, he is not afraid to demonstrate his anger and dissatisfaction with his wife’s allegations. He introduces enough information to prove his intentions to improve his life and focus on career and training. Michael also mentions that Amanda’s behavior may be explained by the presence of another guy in her life. Though being depressed and anxious, Michael declines his suicidal and homicidal intentions. He does not use alcohol to solve his problems. The use of facts and clear statements are the strengths in the case. Still, during this conversation, Michael does not mention his intentions to save his family and improve his relations with his wife. There is a need to clarify if the man is obsessed with his training and care only. It is necessary to focus on his relations with his children and the portion of attention he can devote them to. Finally, the main challenge is to understand the nature of all conflicts and the presence of real facts that can be used to prove or disprove the husband’s and wife’s activities. At the moment of communication with Michael, the main intervention that seems to be appropriate is the discussion of recent family problems, relations, and traditions. Such information should help to create a general image of a family. It is necessary to understand if Michael wants to be with his family, or his career is everything that matters. Another suggestion is cooperation with the wife, children, and other friends of this family. Even if the husband is the one who abuses the wife, there is a chance that the wife provides enough reasons for such action. Therefore, the situation in this family has to be investigated thoroughly, and both, Michael and Amanda, have to participate in the course. Reference Bakhurst, M.G., Loew, B., McGuire, A.C., Halford, W.K., & Markman, H.J. (2016). Relationship education for military couples: Recommendations for best practice. Family Process, 56 (2), 302-316.
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Relationship of Immigration and Median Household Essay Immigration is an issue that is usually discussed in relation to the development of the U.S. metropolitan areas. The problem is in the fact that immigration rates tend to increase regularly, and many authorities discuss these changes as obvious threats to the economic progress of the metropolitan areas. The increased numbers of immigrants can affect economic stability in the determined areas negatively. However, significant levels of immigration in certain areas are also often discussed as influencing the economic development of the U.S. metropolitan areas positively because the household income of certain groups of immigrants is often high. Furthermore, there is a question about the impact of different immigration groups on the economic development of areas. Thus, the research in the field is necessary to explore possible relationships between the rates of immigrants and such economic concepts as the median household income. While focusing on determining the costs and benefits of changing immigration rates, it is appropriate to study the association between the percentage of immigrants and the median household income in the U.S. metropolitan areas. The hypothesis for the study is that the increased rates of immigrants of different origins contribute to increasing the median household income in the U.S. metropolitan areas. Focusing on the relationship between the general percentage of foreign-born people living in the metropolitan areas and the median household income, it is possible to state that the hypothesis is confirmed. Thus, the high percentage of immigrants living in different metropolitan areas is directly associated with the high median household income in these areas. From this point, the results indicate that those metropolitan areas where the number of immigrants is high are characterized by the higher median household income. The hypothesis is also tested in relation to immigrants of such origins as Asian and Latin American. The hypothesis is confirmed regarding the foreign-born Asians because the results demonstrate the positive relationship between the number of Asian immigrants and the median household income. Thus, those territories where the percentage of foreign-born Asians is high are characterized by the high median household income levels. Nevertheless, the hypothesis is not confirmed regarding the foreign-born Latin Americans because there is no relationship between the percentage of immigrants from Latin America and the median household income in metropolitan areas. From this point, the number of foreign-born Latin Americans is not correlated with the positive changes in the metropolitan areas’ median household income. The research explores whether there is a relationship between the immigration trend and the median household income in the U.S. metropolitan areas. Referring to the received results, it is possible to state that the relationship exists because the percentage of foreign-born people is associated with the changes in household income. Thus, the general hypothesis for this research is confirmed. Furthermore, it is also possible to conclude that immigration from Asian countries contributes more to positive changes in the metropolitan areas’ median household income. Immigration from Latin America does not have such an effect because there is a negative correlation between the number of immigrants from Latin America and the median household income. There are also limitations associated with the study. The study does not present the details regarding the immigrants from the regions other than the Latin America and Asia. Still, the overall relationship between the immigration trend and the median household income is examined properly.
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High Department Turnover Due to Inaccurate Job Descriptions Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Numerous variables may contribute to staff dissatisfaction with their workplace, from an unfavorable atmosphere to an accidental or intentional lack of communication with managers. An information transmission break may leave workers who do not understand their job’s expectations or evaluation criteria disoriented and dissatisfied with working conditions. A frequency distribution summary that may highlight a correlation between job turnover and dissatisfaction should help locate the issue and create a prerequisite for changing employment conditions to avoid discontent. Main body The importance of management should not be underestimated when working in a team, whether at the level of a department or company. Employees want to feel secure in their future, which involves a clear understanding of their career, supported by their managers (Tschopp & Grote, 2014). Since “supervisory behavior” is one of the factors contributing to employees’ affinity to their establishment, comprehending their mismanagement leads staff to feel apathetic about their work (Surienty, Ramayah, Lo, & Tarmizi, 2014, p. 417). Therefore, if staff members feel that a company does not represent their needs at their current employment level, they may be more inclined towards switching workplaces than attempting to change something in a negligent structure. If research shows that employees do not understand what results in their company expects them to achieve and, coincidentally, frequently think about changing jobs, improving the situation should benefit the company. Inspiring high performance with positive incentives is a useful sales-driving tactic, which may stimulate both worker’s commitment and company profits (Landy & Conte, 2016). This approach may, at the same, time generate loyal employees and create effective workplace competition in place of previous dissatisfaction. Conclusion Finding common ground between the company and its employees allows achieving workplace satisfaction, which, in turn, permits the further betterment of working conditions. However, such conditions within a high-pressure sales job are to be already present at the beginning of employment with clear job requirements, rather than implemented as an afterthought. Honestly outlining for future employees their working conditions, including both expectations and incentives, may help decrease staff dissatisfaction and, therefore, department turnover. References Landy, F. J., & Conte, J. M. (2016). Work in the 21st century: An introduction to industrial and organizational psychology (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Surienty, L., Ramayah, T., Lo, M. C., & Tarmizi, A. N. (2014). Quality of work life and turnover intention: A partial least square (PLS) approach. Social Indicators Research, 119 (1), 405-420. Web. Tschopp, C., & Grote, G. (2014). The how and why of the relationship between job insecurity, subjective career success, and turnover intention. In A. C. Keller, R. Samuel, M. M. Bergman, & N. K. Semmer (Eds.), Psychological, educational, and sociological perspectives on success and well-being in career development (pp. 127-150). New York, NY: Springer.
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Sous Vide Food Production System Report Equipment Vacuum Chamber Machine A vacuum machine is needed to cater for the packaging needs of the food that is prepared using the sous vide method. A vacuum chamber machine is often sourced following specific considerations such as kitchen size and demand/supply requirements. Sous vide cooking pouches These are special pouches that are specifically designed to envelop the food that is cooked using the sous vide method. The hermetic packages have the ability to withstand temperatures of up to one hundred degrees during the cooking process and they also protect the stored foodstuffs. Cooking and regeneration equipment A wide range of materials can be used as cooking and regeneration equipment. These types of equipments include water baths for controlled cooking processes and steam ovens. Quick cooling equipment Food that is cooked using the sous vide method requires to be cooled in a quick process. Quick cooling is best achieved through a blast chiller but it can also be accomplished by cooling the cooked pouches in water and ice. Refrigeration equipment Normal refrigeration equipment is appropriate for this task. The cooking Process 1. Prepare the ingredients of the food to be cooked using only fresh and raw materials that have been prepared in accordance with the recommended hygiene-practices. 2. Put the prepared food ingredients in pouches that are appropriate for sous vide cooking systems. 3. Use a vacuum packaging machine to seal and package the food pouches. Most vacuum-packaging materials are easy to operate and they do not require special skills to operate. 4. Cook the pouched foods at a pre-defined temperature for a specified amount of time. 5. Start the cooling process; foods should be cooled to a temperature of three degrees centigrade within a time interval of less than ninety minutes. 6. The cooled foods should be stored at temperatures of between zero and three degrees centigrade. This type of storage ensures that the stored products are able to retain their superb quality for up to a few weeks. 7. During consumption, heat the food again and give it a brown color if necessary. This process only requires a few minutes to accomplish. 8. Garnish the food and serve it while it is still warm. The Workflow 1. Begin by determining the sous vide process that is most appropriate for your specific cooking needs. 2. Using a probe-tip thermometer, ensure that you measure the food temperature at every stage of the sous vide cooking process. 3. It is important to ensure that all the ‘time’ and ‘temperature’ recordings that are made during the cooking process are written down. 4. Some foods can be prepared or pre-cooked before the sous vide process begins but they have to be chilled before the packaging process begins. 5. The sous vide cooking process should adhere to all food codes and regulations. 6. All the necessary cooking and food preparation equipments should be available during the sous vide cooking process. Staff Skills Requirements 1. All staff members should meet all the necessary health and hygiene tests and it is their responsibility to ensure that food safety regulations are upheld. 2. It is the chef’s responsibility to control and supervise the sous vide cooking process. Consequently, it is the work of the chef to identify potential health violations and act accordingly. 3. Staff members should receive additional training in sous vide methods if necessary. 4. Staff members should have the capacity to consult with their supervisors and chef’s departments when they have questions concerning the sous vide process. 5. All staff members should be able to relate adequately with their colleagues and customers alike. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Sous Vide Process Advantages 1. The sous vide process eliminates loss of moisture during the cooking process and this ensures that foods do not lose their texture and flavor. 2. Sous vide process ensures that food is easily digestible and its nutritional value can be ascertained easily. 3. Sous vide system enhances convenience in restaurants because it helps establishments to accommodate all types of customer traffic with ease. In addition, restaurants can be able to offer a full menu to their customers all day long. 4. The sous vide method enables restaurants and establishments to save money and harness the organizational needs of kitchens. For instance, a sous vide kitchen is easy to clean and it enables operators to conduct better inventories. 5. The sous vide process reduces idle time and stress among staff members. Disadvantages 1. The equipment and materials that are used for packaging food that is cooked through sous vide are expensive. 2. The sous vide process is slow and it requires a lot of prior planning. The speed of the sous vide process might have a negative impact on the operations of a restaurant. 3. Food that is cooked using the sous vide process is exposed to various chemical and microbiological hazards. Other cooking processes are shorter and this eliminates the chances of contamination during food handling exercises.
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Los Angeles County Men’s Jail Violence Essay The issue of Los Angeles (LA) County men’s jail violence has been in the public domain for some time now, with available documentation acknowledging that the violence seems deeply entrenched despite a litany of reports and recommendations that have been proposed by multiple bodies to address it. A report released in 2012 by the American Civil Rights Union (ACRU) shows that the use of unnecessary force against inmates in LA County jails is a major factor in explaining the high levels of violence experienced in these jails (County of Los Angeles 2). This view is consistent with Steve Bogira’s observation that prisoners in bail courts are threatened with unnecessary force by the deputies even in situations whereby such use of force is unwarranted (Bogira 6-7). While it is evident that the ongoing investigation into the LA County men’s jail violence has unearthed many triggering factors, including the persistent pattern of unreasonable use of force by deputies, overcrowding, substandard jail conditions, and rivalry amongst gang members (County of Los Angeles 1-2), it is becoming increasingly evident that the maltreatment of prisoners by those in authority is an ongoing concern in the attempt to address these challenges. From the materials presented in the course, these challenges can be interpreted from the perspective of an American criminal justice system that has failed to put its priorities in order, hence reinforcing violence and recidivism among prisoners rather than ensuring their reformation. Although the County men’s jail houses some of the most dangerous and violent inmates and rival gang members in the United States, it cannot escape mention how officials charged with the responsibility of reforming inmates and ensuring their successful reentry into the community have, on the contrary, produced more hardened and increasingly violent jailbirds. This unfortunate shift in expectations can only be best described by the persistent use of unreasonable force in the jail, and how much force reinforces negative behaviors among prisoners serving their jail terms. The report by the ACRU is clear that “deputies sometimes use unnecessary force against inmates in the jails, to either exact punishment or to retaliate for something the inmate is perceived to have done” (County of Los Angeles 2). In the courtroom, prisoners are treated unfairly by deputies and exposed to dehumanizing practices such as the penetrative strip search (Bogira 6). Upon closer reflection, these experiences may serve as potential causes of a heightened inmate on inmate violence and attendant recidivism upon release. Lastly, it may also be possible that prisoners are threatened with violence as a way to subdue them and ensure their compliance in the courtrooms or jails (Bogira 7). But while such thinking may serve its initial purpose, it will likely trigger a multiplicity of other challenges as witnessed in the LA County men’s jail. The inhumane treatment of people and subsequent failure by relevant authorities to demonstrate leadership in dealing with the presenting challenges can be assumed as preliminary factors that cause inmates to find other means to rejuvenate themselves, leading to more violence. The violence problem in this particular jail is further compounded by the fact that officers already incriminated as using excessive force are not held personally accountable for their acts, thereby sending a troubling message to the prisoners that it is okay for them to engage in violence. Consequently, it is only proper that the United States criminal justice system be revamped and reformulated to play its rightful role of reforming offenders and ensuring their successful reentry into the community. This can only be achieved by ensuring that such disproportionate use of force on inmates is discouraged or even replaced with the humane and caring treatment of offenders. Works Cited Bogira, Steve. Courtroom 302: A Year behind The Scenes in an American Criminal Courthouse , New York, NY: Vintage Books, 2006. Print. County of Los Angeles 2012, Report of the Citizens’ Commission on Jail Violence . Web.
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Why Employees Training and Development Is Necessary Essay Employees training and development programs are essential to organizations and/or staffs; it is the method through which new entrants are oriented and nurtured. To old staffs, it assist them learn new personal and organizational skills that leads to increased productivity and employees satisfaction. When staffs are motivated and satisfied, the rate of staff turnover is reduced; moreover, supervisors have lesser task since their subordinates are skills and knowledge required to undertake their tasks, the net effects are increased profits. Training nurture talents, invention, and innovativeness among employees; it creates an environment of “thinking outside the box” where new approaches and strategies are learnt. Organizations that embark and invest in continuous staffs training programs, have knowledgeable staffs who adjust fast to business cycle changes; with fast adjustment, a company is able to take advantage of business opportunities and litigate against any loss form business trend changes. When skills have been adopted, an organization becomes competitive as it has knowledgeable employees who can produce goods and services more effective than the rate produced by their competitors. With such moves, an organization is able to fill efficiency gaps created by the system (Jackson & Mathis, 2007). Reference Jackson, J. & Mathis, R.(2007). Human Resource Management . New York: Cengage Learning.
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Gun Violence and Its Effect on Youth Research Paper Mass shootings in schools, gun homicides, non-fatal and fatal street shootings, and other types of gun violence have recently become a highly disturbing and urgent social problem. Its significance is determined by the fact that gun violence strongly affects young people physically and mentally. In the United States, more than 3,000 children and adolescents aged from 0 to 19 years old are shot and killed every year (“The impact of gun violence on children and teens,” 2021). Moreover, approximately 15,000 young people are shot and injured – in other words, 51 young Americans are affected by gun violence every year (“The impact of gun violence on children and teens,” 2021). At the same time, the victims of gun violence are people who witnessed how their family members, friends, or unknown people have been killed by the gun or heard gunshots, as well. In general, firearms may be regarded as the leading cause of death among young people, and it is a purely American problem not typical for other high-income countries (“The impact of gun violence on children and teens,” 2021). The cases of gun violence that affect children and adolescents include homicides, suicides, street shootings in urban areas, and mass shootings in schools and other education facilities. As a matter of fact, the intersection of gun violence and domestic violence has the biggest impact on youth – almost 60% of young people affected by gun violence every year are affected by homicides (“The impact of gun violence on children and teens,” 2021). Children are killed in the home or witness the death of family members. Another major reason for gun deaths among young people is suicides, the number of which has dramatically increased over the past several decades. In addition, high rates of suicides are also determined by increased access to a weapon for young people, and the combination of a loaded and unlocked gun at home with suicidal ideation may be lethal. At the same time, gun violence is represented in multiple ways in American schools as well. Students are frequently impacted by intentional and unintentional shootings that cause injury or death, gun homicides, and gun suicides. In addition, Black and Hispanic young people are more affected by gun violence in comparison with White children and adolescents due to racial segregation and deliberate underinvestments in their neighborhoods and communities (“The impact of gun violence on children and teens,” 2021). Nevertheless, gun violence causes highly severe physical and psychological harm for youth regardless of age, race, and family socioeconomic status. Injuries may cause irreparable negative consequences to health, and being a witness to shootings substantially affects mental health. Young people exposed to any type of gun violence experience various negative psychological effects that include posttraumatic stress, desensitization to violence, anger, withdrawal, constant fear, anxiety, and even suicidal ideation. In addition, for students, these short-term and long-term psychological effects may cause a lack of concentration, distraction, and, as a result, poor school performance (Bergen-Cico et al., 2018). Modern findings suggest classifying young people’s exposure to gun violence as an adverse childhood experience in order to initiate more research for efficient preventative and responsive measures (Rajan et al., 2019). In the present day, almost all suggested and already implemented measures are concentrated around gun sales control. In other words, a weapon should be inaccessible to children, adolescents, domestic abusers, and mentally unstable people to prevent shootings and suicides. Moreover, schools should implement particular thread assessment programs to identify students vulnerable to the risk of violence committing to prevent tragic incidents. References Bergen-Cico, D., Lane, S. D., Keefe, R. H., Larsen, D.A., Panasci, A., Salaam, N., Jennings-Bey, T., & Rubinstein, R. A. (2018). Community gun violence as a social determinant of elementary school achievement . Social Work in Public Health, 33 (7-8), 439-448. Rajan, S., Branas, C. C., Myers, D., & Agrawal, N. (2019). Youth exposure to violence involving a gun: Evidence for adverse childhood experience classification . Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 42 , 646-657. The impact of gun violence on children and teens. (2021). Everytown for Gun Safety Support Fund.
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The 5 paragraph essay is a way of teaching how you can write an essay in helping students when they need to write one and do not know how to go about writing an essay. Here are the parts of the paragraph essay and how what it contains. * 1st Paragraph – This is the introductory paragraph of the 5 paragraph essay. This is where you have your thesis statement, wherein you will be stating the summary of what the readers will expect in the whole essay. * 2nd Paragraph – This is the first body paragraph of the 5 paragraph essay. At this point, you should be starting off with a topic sentence, and this is where your argument should stick with the topic that you would like to discuss in this part. * 3rd Paragraph – This is the second body paragraph of your 5 paragraph essay. This has the same content as the second paragraph, but this is just to strengthen your argument. * 4th Paragraph – This is the third body paragraph of your 5 paragraph essay. Like paragraph three, this would also help strengthen your argument for your thesis statement. * 5th Paragraph – This is the last part of your 5 paragraph essay and contains your conclusion. This is where you will convince your readers that you have provided enough evidence to prove your argument. This is how you will go with your 5 paragraph essay, wherein you will need to follow carefully so that you will be presenting your point clear enough that the readers will understand. This will surely help you in starting your very own 5 paragraph essay.
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Hunan Cultural Revolution and Popular Radicalization Essay Table of Contents 1. Resisting Demobilization: The Road to Shengwulian 2. A coalition of the Disaffected 3. The People’s Commune of China 4. The Universality of the Singular 5. Conclusion 6. Work Cited In the 1960s, local party and government organs in numerous parts of China collapsed dramatically. As a result, a new, unpredictable dynamic was injected into a surging mass movement. Notably, Moa leadership authorized masses to rebel against the party’s bourgeois representatives. In this case, Mao stripped party organizations their supreme authority without providing appropriate alternative structures (Wu 142). After January 1967, a large number of rebels in China engaged in the tumultuous political process leading to new antagonisms and contentions that violently divided the disorganized mass movement. This essay paper scrutinizes the social base and the ultraleftist ideas of Shengwulian, a Hunanese organization. According to Wu, the development of Shengwulian unorthodox ideas was due to unforeseen political circumstances and new social conditions (148). Resisting Demobilization: The Road to Shengwulian Cultural Revolution started in Hunan in early June 1966 with the message “antiparty elements” and “reactionary academic authorities” (Wu 148). At the time, there were three mass movements in Hunan. University Headquarters (Gao Si), a college student’s antiwork team mobilization that was formed in October 1966, opposed provincial party authorities and was against the labeling of individuals as black gang or counterrevolutionaries (Wu 150). Xiang River Storm and Thunder, the students, teachers, and workers’ organization formed in October 1966 had a membership of 1 million. Finally, workers left Xiang River and formed Worker’s Alliance in April 1967 after PLA suppressed Xiang River members in February 1967. On 30 September 1967, delegates from numerous Xiang River groups formed Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee (Shengwulian acronym) (Wu 156). Members included the Hunan Red Flag Army, the Changsha Youth Guardian Army, the Provincial Teachers’ Alliance, the Northern District Worker Alliance, the Changsha Workers’ United Revolutionary Committee, the Changsha Peasants’ United Committee, the University Storm and Thunder, and the Hunan Jinggang Mountain (Wu 156-57). Other members were the Middle- School Red Guard Committee, the East Is Red Headquarters, the Provincial Government Agencies Rebel Liaison Post, and the Red Vocational School Rebels’ Association. The acts of Shengwulian were considered similar to those of KMT officers, counterrevolutionaries, bad elements, rich peasants, and landlords. A coalition of the Disaffected Shengwulian had a limited binding power on groups that acted in its name. In spite of fluid membership and structure, Shengwulian attracted many people with grievances relating to social life marginalization or being political targets (Wu 159). The Shengwulian had strong ties with small size cooperatives and factories, where workers’ social status, wages, and benefits were inferior. Some of the active Shengwulian groups included PLA Veterans, Black Devils, and Rusticated Urban Youth. Mainly, the participation of PLA Veterans was due to their neglect in areas of residential rights and employment. Black Devils participated in Shengwulian because of the 1950s discrimination related to bourgeois rights labeling. Besides, Rusticated Urban Youth joined Shengwulian to voice their grievances relating to brutal treatment from cadres (Wu 163). The People’s Commune of China The Cultural Revolution empowered discontented Chinese citizens to express their grievances, mainly at the local level. The anti-bureaucratic critique in Hunan shows that in the form of ideological transformation (Wu 170). Notably, Mao initially advocated for ‘commune’ but later opposed the establishment of Shanghai Commune in January. Mainly, Yang Xiguang believes that Mao’s opposition to commune was because “Chinese proletariat was still immature, and its consciousness had not yet developed to the degree at which it was possible to transform the society” (Wu 179). Again, the January Storm failed to handle essential problems of all revolutionaries – the army. Specifically, the Cultural Revolution reached a phase where the coercive arm of the state needed a transformation to rectify the bad relationship between people and the army. The Universality of the Singular Mainly, the ideas of Yang Xiguang, Zhang Yugang, and Zhou Guohui demonstrated an alternative interpretation of the Cultural Revolution. In particular, their critique showed the manner in which individual struggles could be connected or separated from one another (Wu 184). As Wu notes, In late 1967 and early 1968, both local demands and the emergence of the novel political idea, which led to new meanings of particular grievances and incidents, had a potentially explosive effect on the Cultural Revolution’s mass politics (185). Despite Shengwulian activists’ effort, their determination failed to materialize following national and local authority’s condemnation and destruction. On 26 January 1968 mass rally, General Li Yuan depicted Shengwulian as “hodgepodge of social dregs consisting of landlords, rich peasants, counterrevolutionaries, rightists, unrepentant capitalist-roaders, KMT remnants, and Trotskyist bandits” (Wu 186). Shengwulian activists such as Yang went into hiding, prison, or committed suicide. Finally, on 21 February 1968, Xiang River and Workers Alliance announced their dissolution, marking the end of Shengwulian. Conclusion Xiang River groups formed Shengwulian on 30 September 1967 as resistance towards demobilization. Some of its members were Hunan Red Flag Army and the Changsha Youth Guardian Army. Due to its opposition towards the government, the actions of Shengwulian activists were considered similar to those of KMT officers, counterrevolutionaries, bad elements, Trotskyist bandits, rich peasants, and landlords. Through local and national governments’ condemnation and crushing effort, Shengwulian activists’ determination failed to materialize as per their expectations. On 21 Feb 1968, Shengwulian was no more as Xiang River, and Workers Alliance announced their dissolution. Work Cited Wu, Yiching. “Revolution is Dead, Long Live the Revolution: Popular Radicalization of the Cultural Revolution in Hunan.” The Cultural Revolution at the Margins: Chinese Socialism in Crisis . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014. 142-189. Print.
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Snack Food Company’s Product Marketing Research Essay Qualitative attributes of the snack food about which the company might want to ask consumers These are attributes given to a product based on an individual customer’s perception. The qualitative attribute of the snacks can range from freshness, taste, feeling, or appearance. These attributes have no order or rank and everyone will have his or her judgment. Company W can ask the customers through a comparison of the new snack and the old through such questions as does snack sample A, for the new formula taste like B, the older sample formula (Ludicke, 2006). How nominal and ordinal data relate to a rating scale In nominal data, there is no data ranking rather the data are identified based on their nominal features (names). Formulas A and B can be compared based on felt or observable features under nominal data (Creswell & John, 2009). On the other hand, snacks can be ordinals rated. The two snacks can be put side by side and their nominal futures put on a scale of 1-5 for consumers to rate. The rating scale can take the format of 1. Strongly disagree, 2. disagree, 3. neutral, 4. agree, 5. strongly agree. Quantitative attributes of the snack food that the scientists might want to measure Quantitative attributes are measurable aspects of a product that are not biased. They are presented with numerical values, which can be discrete or continuous (Bearden, Netemeyer, & Haws, 2011). Measurement values can be in terms of mass, weight, or size (Michael, & Earl, 2011). Most customers are normally interested in comparing quantitative attributes of snacks suck as their mass and sizes (Luther, 2011). The difference between interval and ratio data These data measure quantities of data and are quantitative data type. Interval measured the difference between the two values. It is the extent to which one value is lower or higher than the other. They are derived from central values between two variables. A ratio is similar to the interval but has included the zero number to show the origin of the data. Hence, ratios are measured in absolute scale with the figures compounded to one another (Hakan, 2004). The difference between a population and a sample Data are collected in the universe. The sample group that gives the information in the universe is called the population. A sample is a selected section of the population. Since the universe where the data are to be collected can be very big, researchers can be forced to reduce their study population to a manageable level. This can be achieved through several research methods (Don, 2005). The population selected for the study is the sample. In the snack market, the population under study can be selected based on gender, class, geographical area, or age. Why it is important to avoid bias when conducting research Ethically researches should not be conducted under personal bias. Apart from ethical considerations, biased research always gives wrong information that misleads the user (Michael, & Earl, 2011). In essence, the bias in research causes a wasted of resources used in the research. Both qualitative and quantitative types of research can be used to collect data for decision making. However, in many cases, the qualitative data method precedes the quantitative data process References Bearden, W., Netemeyer, R., & Haws, K. (2011). Handbook of marketing scales: Multi-item measures for marketing and consumer behavior research . Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE. Creswell, J., & John, W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Los Angeles: Sage. Don, S. (2005). “In the Mix: A Customer-Focused Approach Can Bring the Current Marketing Mix into the 21st Century”. Marketing Management. London: Routledge. Hakan, H. (2004). Rethinking Marketing: Developing a New Understanding of Markets . Southern Gates: John Wylliea’s. Ludicke, M. (2006). A theory of Marketing. Outline of Social Systems Perspective . Frankfurt: Regine, Zimmer. Luther, W. (2011). The Marketing Plan: How to Prepare and Implement . New York: Broadway. Michael, G., & Earl R. (2011). Basics of Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology . Belmont: Cengage Learning.
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The company deals in pharmaceutical supplies, fabric care, and house care supplies, personal care, and pet supplies. The brand I selected for this paper is cleaning and house care supplies. The company has positioned its brand in the market in such a way that it is easily accessible to consumers. The company has been able to prove to have very reliable and high-quality products, which consumers easily identify with. The products that the company provides are rated cheap compared to its competitors, and they are easily accessible to consumers from any convenience store in the country (DeRoulet, 27). Accessibility of the product in a wide area makes it preferable by the consumers to other products. This is a key aspect that any producer should focus on to maximize their sales. The company has used segmentation and mainly targets women who are mainly viewed as the homemakers for this product. The company uses marketing techniques that mainly target women and thus increasing the company’s market share. The company has used the brand effectively to build a relationship with its consumers. This is because the consumers already identify the company and its Procter. the producers gamble brands with quality and reliable products that the customers or consumers consider as a good bargain when they are purchasing them (Graeme, 126). The company in all its products and the brand has been able to create the right psychological mood for any products by the company. This is because the company has been at the forefront of manufacturing innovative products for the market. The products have always met the end user’s expectations, and thus the company has been able to build a strong brand for itself. Therefore, the company’s brand has positioned its brand umbrella in a very advantageous position that will highly support the adoption of any new products into the market. At home, I use a number of the company’s products, which include: * Ariel * Oral-B * Pampers Therefore, to increase the marketing and segment me as a consumer the most important thing to a marketer is being able to maximize the reach of the advertisement. By maximizing the reach of the advertisement, the advertiser can appeal to a greater audience. By only concentrating on the frequency of the advertisement then the advertiser will not attain the targeted audience for the advertisement. Maximizing reach for an advertisement campaign will ensure that the company can reach a greater audience at a cheaper cost (Adaval, 9). On the other hand, maximizing the reach of an advertising campaign ensures that the advertiser reaches his or her target audience. The advertiser by maximizing reach will have created a strong brand for itself and will impose a strong identification of its products such that consumers and the public. The company has been able to create an image, a set of consumer expectations also an apple logo that is easily identifiable by consumers. The company has been able to separate itself from all its competition and has set itself apart in an effort to attract consumers. The consumers easily pick their products over products from other companies that are competing for an equal market share. Works Cited Adaval, Richard. How Good Gets Better and Bad Gets Worse: Understanding the Impact of Affect on Evaluations of Known Brands. The Journal of Consumer Research . 2003, 30(3). DeRoulet, David. Designing – and Sustaining the Gains from – a Service Strategy. Journal of Business Strategy , 14(1), 1993, pp.21 – 30. Graeme, Melvin. Branding and people management: what’s in a name? New York, NY: CIPD.
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As such, being an effective leader involves developing the capacity to look at the positive traits of employees that are working for you rather than be prejudiced. Good personal leadership requires a leader to be impartial, results oriented as well as making do with what you have at the present. To be an effective leader is to be a positive human being in terms of how you view your employees and what they are capable of doing. It is based on this definition that when it come to the type of leader that I want to become, I decided that the best route for me would be to lead by developing good relationships with my employees while at the same time creating a task oriented system that enables the people that are working under me to have a clear goal in mind when it comes to the activities that they are doing. Since I am focused more on developing good relationships with my employees, the following are the types of leadership strategies that I will implement: 1. Enabling a person to make necessary instead of emotional choices – under this strategy I will focus on developing the self respect and sense of achievement of my employees. This can be accomplished by encouraging them to work more effectively and with more zeal by complimenting them on their current accomplishments, supporting them with advice and helping them develop a certain level of independence. By doing so, I expect that my employees will become far more adept at individual decision making which should take the pressure off me as a leader. 2. Giving the means to understand and empathize with employees in order to understand their strengths and limitations – it is necessary to support employees through understanding and empathy rather than trying to force them into becoming something that they are not. Under this leadership strategy, I will focus on directing them by understanding how they think, empathizing with their current situation and devising methods that would result in effective work outcomes. 3. Creating an effective work environment by reducing the causes of conflict and mitigating problems before they come about – one of the main problems when it comes to work outputs is the work environment that employees find themselves in. A less secure work environment in terms of support, assistance and guidance from a leader can often lead to employees developing a distinctly negative mindset regarding their job and the person they work for. It is based on this that I will endeavor to ensure that employees feel secure and safe wherein they will understand that they can come to me if they encounter any issues that they are unable to resolve on their own. 4. Creating an achievement oriented mindset – it is important to note that a leader should be achievement oriented in that they should set goals for both themselves and their employees. It is based on this that knowing possible outcomes and determining how particular goals can be met is an essential component for any leadership strategy since goals and achievements are a necessary component when it comes to creating better operational outcomes.
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Team Work and Product Innovation Thesis Team Involvement Innovation is a dynamic process that can be sustained through group involvement by adding value to service provisions which leads to sustained customer benefits, service quality, and product quality as organizations continue to evolve (Innovation Zone 2006). In addition, sustained innovation is an integral element in sustained and disruptive innovations. Team Leader and Contributions The researcher participated in disruptive and sustained product innovation as a team leader. The team leader’s skills included pursuit for high achievements, good time management skills, personal integrity and effectiveness, good problem solving skills and effective decision making abilities, and good and effective communication skills (Innovation Zone 2006). These characteristics were identified in an individual who was selected by the whole team to provide leadership, guidance, and direction. Other team leader contributions included planning for a SWOT analysis on the product and organization in question while identifying values and norms for the team. Characteristics of the Team Members Team members were characterized by specialized skills in their field of operation and had a great deal of respect for the customer. In addition, the members upheld customer needs and satisfaction as the driving force in the innovation process. Excellent outputs formed the basis of performance tests (Lovelock, Patterson, Walker, & 2007). Conflict Resolution The team leader and team members were well versed in conflict resolution as their views on conflict resolution were important for team cohesion. Allowing conflicts and personal differences dominate in the group could put their profession in danger. Thus confrontation was regarded as a tool to enhance team collaborations. Suggested Changes The team leader identified various weaknesses in team management. These included poor communication within the team and lack of vertical and horizontal communication within the organization. The organization did not factor contributions from all team members in the innovation process. Each member should have contributed in the planning process. Situation for Improvement Proactive team involvement in setting organizational goals in the planning process for product innovation could be a situation that could benefit from team involvement. Available data coupled with existing knowledge could be examined and each expertise from the team contributed positively in the innovation process. Business Situation The business position of the organization involved in product innovation was the key determining factor for the type of team involved in the innovation process. The team involved was a virtuous team. This was selected from a number of teams involved in the innovation process. The change team, identified as Virtuous, a variant of a face-to-face team, was uniquely identified and characterized by a critical attachment to their work, thriving on risk, and goal setting to achieve set targets. Team Members The team leader selected members who were well versed in their area of participation. They were endowed with experience and appropriate skills. In addition, team members were proactive and had excellent communication skills and had a collaborative approach to problem solving. Problems Anticipated A number of problems anticipated included lack of team coherence where some team members may fail to adhere to team rules. Cultural issues are also a problem if team members are from different cultural backgrounds. In addition, decision making norms and diversity in communication styles such as trouble with accent and fluency and different attitudes about authority. Team and Innovation A virtuous team has those characteristics vital for the improvement of the above situation in various ways. These include the importance of teams in the innovation process. According to Baumgartner (2009) teams play a vital role in product innovation in a dynamic business environment due to the contributions that come with them. A virtuous team is composed of members with diverse technical skills, knowledge, and experience coming from diverse cultural backgrounds. References Baumgartner (2009) Innovation Process Management (IPM). Web. Innovation Zen (2006). The Abernathy-Utterback Model. Web. Lovelock, C.H., Patterson, P.G., Walker, R.H. (2007). Services marketing: an Asia-Pacific and Australian perspective / Christopher H. Lovelock, Paul G. Patterson, Rhett H. Walker. (4 th ed.) NSW: Pearson Prentice-Hall.
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Introduction 2. Background of the company 3. Problems, Issues, opportunities 4. Possible solutions to the conflicts 5. Conclusion Introduction When the president of TerraCog Inc. introduced Project Aerial, Emma Richardson the Executive vice president had not enjoyed her usual hike to the Lake. For years the company had enjoyed market leadership for its products despite lagging behind technologically. This position was however short-lived when an insurgent threat from a rival company, posthaste, designed a new GPS called “Birds1” satellite imagery that was until then well received in the market. The major challenge that Emma faces is to get all the parties to reach an agreement on the price of Ariel, their own product. The conflicting issues caused by departmental heads have resulted in a delay in the launch of their product, this will be costly for TerraCog in the long run. Background of the company TerraCog is a Global Positioning System (GPS) Company that specializes in high-quality GPS systems whose main market has been campers, hunters and hikers. The company president is Mr. Fierro, he is assisted by Emma Richardson as the New Executive vice president. Ed Pryor is the head of sales, Allen Roth is in charge of Design and Tony Barron is the head of the production. The sales department has discovered that the new product introduced by their competitor is a much-preferred choice by customers hence the need to invent or improve on their current product. Aerial’s new GPS product would be placed at a market value of $475, $100 more than the current GPS and $75 more than the competitor product. This has raised conflict between the different departments in the company. Problems, Issues, opportunities The major issue that undermines the quick launch of the project is the cost placed on their product ($475). As a result of these, however, other problems which the company had seemingly overlooked emerged. These include poor communication between the staff and different levels of management and lack of coordination and teamwork. Poor management has escalated the problem further. The design team thought there is a hurry to launch the project when there are other projects up their sleeves. Pryor wanted the price lowered to below $425 because Birds1 is $75 lower. Production can only cut the price by 8% and this does not help solve matters at all. Possible solutions to the conflicts The myriad problems that have plagued the company require the management to come up with solutions that will help solve all their problems; both internally and externally. There is a need to nurture teamwork among their employees in order to achieve the set goals and objectives. They should avoid petty issues such as blaming each other and avoid petty issues such as blaming each others. On the footpath towards recovery, the company should consider taking the following steps; Launch project Ariel at the cost of $475 to maximize the profit margins. It could also launch Ariel immediately at the lowest price of $425 possible to capture the share of the market that is being lost to competitors. This should be considered as a short-term plan in order to give the company time to redesign and shift its policies to operate in tandem with the market conditions. The company should advance its machinery to cope with the current technological changes that are being introduced into the market; this would go a long way to lower the cost of production while increasing profitability. The company could also consider delaying the project to allow them to work on lowering the cost of redesigning and then introducing a high-quality product. Conclusion After critically evaluating the above possible solutions to the conflict, it’s wise for Emma to recommend the launch of Ariel at $475. However, to avoid conflict of this nature, Mr. Fierro should try to include all parties involved in making a decision of this magnitude. Proper leadership requires good decision-making and steering all parties to a common goal. Already, TerraCog has lost a great deal and may lose more if the management does nothing to sort out the problems in this company, therefore the management needs to act up and follow up on the policies and resolutions that have been set.
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Taxonomy of Learning Objectives Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Why did we Begin to use Objectives to Guide Instruction? 3. History of the Learning Objectives 4. Relevance of Bloom’s Taxonomy in Today’s Learning Environment 5. Reference Introduction Taxonomy simply refers to some sort of arrangement. The taxonomy of educational objectives is therefore, a structure for providing direction to the learning and teaching process. Why did we Begin to use Objectives to Guide Instruction? A study done by Pickard (2007) indicates that one of the major challenges faced by educators is to determine the best approach to carry out the business of educating. The publication of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives in 1956 appeared to offer a great solution to the teacher’s problem. Named after Benjamin Bloom, this taxonomy is a very popular tool and is widely referenced amongst the educators. Despite the fact that it is was named after Benjamin Bloom, many other individuals took part in its development. Over the years, the taxonomy has undergone numerous changes which have led to the current version, Anderson and Krathwohl’s Taxonomy, which is a redefined work of a former student of Bloom. This paper discusses the development of learning objects and goes on to highlight some key aspects of the revised version of Bloom’s Taxonomy (Pickard, 2007). History of the Learning Objectives According to Pickard (2007), the development of learning objectives can be traced back to the entrance of experienced soldiers, who had just returned home from World War II, into the American educational system. With the education stipend given to them, the World War II veterans could attend school (Pickard, 2007). Besides hiring new faculty members to help manage the situation, the need for an effective teaching system could not be overlooked. A team of psychology graduates was hired to come up with a way to make learning and teaching successful. The team held meetings and discussions with a common goal of simplifying the entire teaching process. Along the way, they came to a realization that they would have to categorize knowledge into hierarchies that would give a structure to test students in various disciplines. The outcome of their joint efforts was Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (Pickard, 2007). The original taxonomy, however, totally ignored the skills part of learning as the development team saw no need to include them for college students (Pickard, 2007). This later became a requirement and Dr. Lorin Anderson, one of Bloom’s former students, was given the onus to update the existing Bloom’s Taxonomy. Working in collaboration with David Krathwohl and others, Anderson came up with the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy (RBT) which as indicated elsewhere in this paper, is also known as the Anderson and Krathwohl Taxonomy. RBT is highly regarded amongst educators and is considered a vital tool that should be used to achieve the intended objectives in an education system. It can assist educators to ensure that the system benefits the learners as is expected. The RBT includes major changes that have taken place in teaching and learning since the development of the original Bloom’s Taxonomy. Despite a few differences that exist in structure and terminologies, the general concept of objectives remains the same in both. Although RBT has been around since 2007, its usage is yet to gain fame (Pickard, 2007). Relevance of Bloom’s Taxonomy in Today’s Learning Environment The importance of Bloom’s Taxonomy in any education system cannot be underestimated. Today, students and educators still encounter the same problems that were characterized earlier systems of learning. The use of RBT will definitely help to simply and make interesting, the learning and teaching process. As a tool, RBT is critical in identifying key considerations in any education system. Proper use of RBT will therefore make learning quite exciting. Reference Pickard, M. J. (2007). The New Bloom’s Taxonomy: An Overview for Family and Consumer Sciences. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences Education, Vol. 25, No. 1, 45 – 53.
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An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Drug Treatment for HIV and AIDS Essay The human immunodeficiency virus is the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In the absence of retroviral therapy, the transition may occur in 10 years or less. Recently, the human immunodeficiency virus acquired the status of an epidemic as in 2016 more than 36 million people live with it (WHO, n.d.). About a million people die from HIV-related diseases annually (WHO, n.d.). The symptoms of HIV can be very diverse and may include fever, swelling of lymph nodes, skin rash, headache, etc. Yet for diagnosing the virus with an increased degree of certainty, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is administered. Western blot tests are used for confirmation. HIV prevalence and Complacency It is difficult to link complacency as a phenomenon with any disease or condition. HIV and AIDS are rather serious conditions that presently have no cure (Arcangelo, Peterson, Wilbur, & Reinhold, 2017). They complicate life by mortally endangering health and wellbeing. It appears hardly possible that a sane person would agree to sacrifice their good health condition for a lifetime of danger due to the fact that there is a possibility not to die from these diseases. Most cases of HIV happen due to carelessness, lack of education, or drug abuse, and a harmful environment. It is doubtful that people who practice unprotected sex or use drugs think of HIV in the first place. It is highly likely that complacency occurs when confronted with the fact of having such a condition and knowledge of the possible treatment options. Role of Health Care Professionals in Increasing Awareness of the Disease Nurses, physicians, and other professionals are the main actors in the process of increasing the population’s awareness of HIV/AIDS. Through patient education, they are able to explain the dangers that these diseases pose not only to the person having them but also to the people closest to him or her (Sarma & Oliveras, 2013). The limitation here is the weight of the pieces of advice that health care professionals give. Often, patients do not have high regard for their advice. However, people who care for their and their relatives’ health and wellbeing could be protected from the adverse influence of the virus. Strategies to Educate HIV-Positive Patients on Medication Adherence Among the education strategies for HIV-positive people, one can name stressing the negative consequences of the virus transmission. Informing the patients of the adverse conditions and symptoms their close ones may develop as a result of careless handling of HIV might result in better medication adherence (Bezabhe et al., 2014). It is also vital to stress that non-adherence leads to the return of the symptoms and the development of HIV-related diseases that could lead to death. Safe practices to Reduce the Risk of Infecting Others To enhance the degree of protection against infecting others, it is paramount to use latex condoms in order to prevent sexual transmission. Blood donations for HIV-positive people are possible under no circumstances (Arcangelo et al., 2014). Breastfeeding is also recommended if a mother is a carrier of the virus. All-time adherence to the antiretroviral treatment plan is one of the main practices to safeguard a person and those closest to them against transmission. It is also paramount to stick closely to the prescribed regimen as discontinuation threatens to increase one’s risk of developing resistance to the prescribed therapy. Conclusion All things considered, HIV and AIDS are conditions that are highly dependent on the patient’s consciousness. The knowledge and use of prevention practices, medication adherence, and non-discontinuation are entirely controllable by the patient. Therefore, the goal of medical personnel is to teach patients of the gravity of the situation, the importance of adherence, and the dangers of complacency. References Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Bezabhe, W. M., Chalmers, L., Bereznicki, L. R., Peterson, G. M., Bimirew, M. A., & Kassie, D. M. (2014). Barriers and facilitators of adherence to antiretroviral drug therapy and retention in care among adult HIV-positive patients: A qualitative study from Ethiopia. PloS One , 9 (5), e97353. Sarma, H., & Oliveras, E. (2013). Implementing HIV/AIDS education: Impact of teachers’ training on HIV/AIDS education in Bangladesh. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition , 31 (1), 20-27. World Health Organization (WHO). (n.d.). HIV/AIDS . Web.
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Porsche’s Takeover of Volkswagen Analysis Case Study Identification The case focuses on Porsche, a car manufacturing company focusing on luxury and sports cars. Porsche’s 2008 takeover of Volkswagen is part of its strategy to manage competition in the automobile industry, which is highly competitive. However, the successful implementation of this strategy is threatened by its potential effect on other lines of business. As explained in the case, Porsche also provides engineering development services to car manufacturers through the Porsche Engineering Group (PEG). While Porsche was positioned as an independent, niche carmaker, it had success with its clients. Following the takeover of VW, there is a threat that the company’s image in the eyes of customers will shift, thus making them hesitate to use Porsche’s engineering development services. Given the high share of R&D investment in Porsche’s expenses, this could threaten the company’s revenue. Another potential problem associated with the takeover strategy is the possibility for conflict in operations. VW’s R&D team is substantially smaller and less funded, meaning that the two companies use different approaches to R&D. The present report will analyse the information provided in the case and the main scenarios involved to give a set of recommendations. Analysis and Evaluation Internal Analysis The internal analysis focuses on decision-making, operations, and functions within the company that affect its market position and performance. From its foundation, Porsche has been a small car manufacturer targeting the sports cars niche primarily and later expanding on to the luxury cars market. This diversification strategy benefitted Porsche, allowing it to grow its annual production, sales, and revenue. The engineering development services line of business is another example of Porsche’s successful diversification strategy. It is evident from the case that Porsche excels at engineering, which offered the company an opportunity to expand its operations without damaging its primary business. On the whole, the internal situation in Porsche was stable before its takeover of VW. The acquisition of the majority shares of VW threatened the stability that Porsche enjoyed since it is not clear whether or not the operations of the two companies should merge and to what extent. The integration of R&D functions at the two companies could threaten Porsche’s engineering development services business, although it could also help to leverage quality and operations at VW. The integration itself is also seen as problematic due to the conflicting approach of the two companies to R&D. Hence, the primary internal problem in the case is the collaboration between two companies of different size and from different market niches. Environmental Analysis Since there are two primary lines of Porsche’s business considered in the case, it is essential to analyse the environment with respect to both of them. On the macroeconomic level, the global economic crisis of 2008 affected the income of people all over the world, impacting the demand for luxury cars. Still, the decrease in demand provides an opportunity for Porsche to develop its engineering services since car manufacturers are willing to find new solutions to reduce production costs per unit. With regard to competition, the situation in the automobile industry is not favourable for Porsche’s future development either. As a small manufacturer of sports and luxury cars, Porsche faces competition from a variety of companies, most of which own multiple car brands. In this regard, the takeover of VW was an excellent strategy to protect Porsche against its competitors while supporting future growth. In the engineering development business, Porsche’s competition is moderated by its competitive advantage. While other experienced and profitable car manufacturers focus on keeping their engineering functions in secret, Porsche chose the opposite option because supporting engineering development in different companies could not threaten its performance in a niche market. Still, the competition from independent engineering teams is rather significant, and Porsche’s positioning was crucial to the success of the PEG. Scenarios and Opportunities There are two possible scenarios for Porsche based on the information in the case. On the one hand, the company could cease its operations in engineering development services, instead combining the current forces with VW’s R&D department. This would allow the company to achieve better growth in the industry by improving engineering in VW and maintaining the same quality of engineering in Porsche. On the other hand, the company could also keep the engineering and R&D functions separate and continue the PEG operations. This could be risky due to the change in Porsche’s image following the acquisition of VW. Recommendations and Plan of Action On the whole, the most beneficial option is for Porsche to cease its PEG operations and focus on developing VW to achieve the same efficiency and quality of operations. At the moment, the restrictions faced by Porsche in engineering development services mean that the company is unlikely to succeed in developing both VW and the PEG. Focusing its efforts on VW by merging R&D and engineering functions would provide a foundation for continuous growth in the automobile industry, thus increasing profitability and sustaining competition in the long term. This option is preferred to continuing the PEG line of business and keeping VW and Porsche’s engineering and design talents separately since it would provide more substantial benefits. Hence, the proposed plan of action is as follows: 1. Assess the current design and engineering capacity of VW 2. Evaluate the R&D investment needs of VW by determining areas for improvement 3. Use existing talents in the PEG to merge R&D and engineering functions of Porsche and VW 4. Establish new administrative processes needed for a large R&D department, including performance monitoring Following these steps would assist Porsche in yielding maximum benefits from the takeover by improving the quality of VW vehicles and leveraging its global competitive position.
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Indian Metals Corporation’s Operations Ethics Case Study The ethical issues concerned with the operations management decisions of the IMC plant This is an ethical rich context case study of a large Indian operations plant, which, from the western perspective, revolves around the questions of safety and humane physical working conditions defined as basic human rights. Similar cases with localized and duplicated problems are widespread in urban and rural areas in developing economies. They are evidence of the ethical norms, risks, and discomfort experienced. Because of ignorance, employees take many risks in the workplace which the management has the moral responsibility as examples to provide safe working conditions. The argument is a tradeoff between performances, profitability, and safety costs while appreciating improvements that solve cultural and managerial problems toward a new vision. The maintenance strategy at the plant and suitable alternative methods The maintenance strategy requires a preemptive and regular maintenance plan under operative and maintenance personnel. That is because of the underlying policy of buying cheap components and spare parts and waiting until they break down to begin diagnosing the breakdown. Condition-based maintenance should not be integrated into the culture or environment, but the use of specialized support that fits well into the environment and culture. Therefore, changes could follow the list of a long list of priorities according to the staff and population safety and other requirements. Ethical priorities in making improvements at the plant Ethical priorities should be rational to improve the plant by addressing deficiencies and negligence of the company, responsibilities to the local population, and employees using the “Effective Analysis and Failure” mode techniques with external help. That is in addition to the priorities associated with environmental issues, staff safety, and legal requirements with associated tradeoffs to make the plant operation sustainably improved. The underlying rationale is on societal priorities, employee welfare, population, and staff safety which are desirable or not essential. References Mountney, S. (2003). Case 10 Indian Metals Corporation. In R. Johnston (Ed.), Cases in Operations Management (3rd ed., pp. 38–39). Prentice Hall.
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Prison-Based Drug Treatment Approaches Essay Welsh, Zajac and Bucklen (2014) focus on the effectiveness of prison-based therapeutic community (TC) drug treatment. The researchers state that although TC drug treatment is more intensive, it appears to be less effective that outpatient group counseling. The TC drug treatment is based on the evidence-based approach. Peer community is the principle aspect of the treatment. Clients go through a number of phases. The treatment includes individual as well as group daily meetings, life skills groups, “participation in a therapeutic milieu with well-specified roles, privileges, and responsibilities” (Welsh et al., 2014, p. 152). This treatment also presupposes sanctions and rewards to facilitate the desirable behaviors. The researchers also note that the treatment is associated with reduced drug use. The participants of the research were male inmates in medium security prisons who had a documented history of alcohol or drug abuse (Welsh et al., 2014). The patients did not have severe mental issues. Detainers were also excluded from the research. The treatment involved a mandatory aftercare program that lasted six months. The researchers compared the TC drug treatment and outpatient group counselling. The latter approach turned out to be more effective as it was associated with longer abstinence, increased motivation to change and become an effective member of the community. To measure the effectiveness of this kind of treatment, it is necessary to apply relapse treatment outcome model. This model focuses on lifelong outcomes and the client’s abstinence (Hanser, Mire & Braddock, 2011). This model is the most suitable to measure TC drug treatment as the latter also focuses on lifelong abstinence since substance abuse is seen as one of contributing factors to criminal activity of the offenders (Welsh et al., 2014). Brocato and Wagner (2008) note that motivation plays an important role in retention among drug abused. Hence, it can be effective to identify the extent to which participants of the TC drug treatment are motivated to avoid using drugs. This will help researchers predict the risk of retention. Importantly, relapse treatment outcome model can help counsellors identify cost effectiveness of the TC drug treatment since it is possible to identify a particular period when offenders refrain from using drugs. Admittedly, more extended periods of abstinence mean that the program is effective. It is important to add that the TC drug treatment is an intensive program that is associated with quite substantial funding (meetings with counsellors, aftercare program) and, hence, it is important to identify exact periods of abstinence. It is noteworthy that the model is associated with certain limitations, as individual characteristics of clients are not considered. Welsh et al. (2014) stress that characteristic features play a very important role in treatment and individuals may differently respond to it. Therefore, it is possible to include this aspect to the relapse treatment outcome model to be able to measure effectiveness of the treatment in a more efficient way. In conclusion, it is possible to note that the effectiveness of TC drug treatment can be measured with the help of the relapse treatment outcome model if it is modified slightly. The model and the treatment focus on the major outcome, which is complete and lifelong abstinence. However, apart from identifying particular periods of abstinence, the model should also include (at least, brief) analysis of motivation as well as characteristic features of individuals. Reference List Brocato, J., & Wagner, E.F. (2008). Predictors of retention in an alternative-to-prison substance abuse treatment program. Criminal Justice and Behavior , 35 (1), 99–119. Hanser, R.D., Mire, S.M., & Braddock, A. (2011). Correctional counseling. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Welsh, W.N., Zajac, G., & Bucklen, K.B. (2014). For whom does prison-based drug treatment work? Results from a randomized experiment. Journal of Experimental Criminology , 10 (2), 151-177.
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It involves the distribution and availability of natural resources and geographical regions. A successful physical environment consists of enough and accessible natural resources that are equally distributed amongst the occupants. The equitable distribution of natural resources is a key factor in the prevention of conflicts that arise from competition for limited resources. Society’s geographical region is another health critical factor. It defines the number of resources being occupied by society and the political tension with other neighboring societies. It also defines the social and cultural development of a society. For instance, the Irish potato famine that occurred in Ireland was purely based on poor geographical regions. During the industrial revolution, Ireland had no sufficient resources to initiate development. Due to full dependence on agriculture, the country became vulnerable to serious famine in the event of a slight output drop. The limited social, political and technological development was mainly due to a lack of resources. This proves that the physical environment is vital for a healthy society. * Social environment . It involves cultural influences, employment, social networks, social services, social infrastructure and other social necessities. A powerful social infrastructure normally compensates for inadequate physical advantage (insufficient resourceful landscape). A good social environment has enough social resources that support social networks, equitable share of power, education emphasis and employment assurance. For instance, Canada is a society fully equipped with social resources that support equitable distribution of health care systems, education programs and monetary resources. This has enabled its citizens to live above the poverty line. Therefore, a resourceful social environment is a key factor in a nation’s social health. * Education is also another determinant of a healthy society. Just like a resourceful social and physical environment, education creates awareness and contributes to rising in literacy. It contributes to technological advancements that can be used to enhance safety, health and social stability. Technology also boosts economical capital which ca be used to acquire more social and natural resources for social welfare and health. * In summary , the social determinants of a healthy society are those that improve the living conditions and ensure equal distribution of power, money and other resources. Peace, access to clean water and an adequate supply of food is also vital. The existence of a democratic and fair governance system with fair police forces and freedom of speech/press also contributes to a healthy society. Lastly, there should be enough and accessible medical facilities with appropriate medical services for healthy living. Case study The case shows Mpofu’s poor physical environment. The best solution for Mpofu’s family is to make use of opportunities available (such as NGOs) to improve current living conditions and initiate reforms in the location. There is also a need for him to better his social environment in order to realize a positive change in his life. This can only be possible through interventions from NGOs (WHO) and the government to improve social support networks and services to enhance living conditions. More so, there is a need to enhance peace in his environment by imposing social safety measures to make him immune to conflicts following his position in the physical environment. There is also a need to educate and make him understand the importance of raising children and other daily health practices. Global citizens can support the above initiatives through monetary donations and physical/emotional/psychological involvement in the change process. They can also reduce their use of resources to preserve some for the less fortunate communities. Through technological advancements, global citizens can offer knowledge and experience by initiating new ideas and values for change. It is a requirement for global citizens to offer help in such situations for the well-being of other people in our global social world.
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One can talk about the nuts and bolts of the Christian belief system. However, a more practical approach is to provide a solution to one of the problems that crop out from reading the book. How does man respond when confronted by the realization of God’s goodness and holiness? One of the best ways to solve this problem is to approach it from the point of view of God’s love for mankind. It is difficult to live as a believer in a fallen world. Numerous Christian authors, evangelists, and pastors tried to exhort believers to walk in the Spirit. More often than not, the attempt ended in failure. Those who struggle to understand the need to live holy lives require a paradigm shift. In the past, Christian believer were compelled to change their behavior, and their attitudes under the threat of eternal damnation. Based on modern understanding of human behavior it is a counterproductive approach. Frame said, “It is when we are most aware of God’s providential control over us that we are also most aware of the necessity to live responsibly before him.” 1 This statement is a commentary on a Bible verse that says, it is God’s kindness that leads people to repentance. Following the same frame of mind, it is best to pursue God and to obey his commands not because of fear but due to the realization of God’s love for people, especially those God considers as his children. The best starting point is to realize how heaven perceives human beings. In order to fully appreciate this value system Frame pointed out the relative importance of angels. He asserted that angels learn from believers when angels observe the Church. Since the Church is considered the Body of Christ, therefore, the living members and not the building edifice, it means that the angels learn from observing the way believers behave on earth. Frame added another layer when he went back to the creation event. Frame said that Adam and Eve were created in the image of God. It pertains not only to a particular form but also to the abilities of God. Therefore, man’s value from the perspective of heaven is greater than what most people think. Man was created and equipped to work on the earth as lord. Frame clarifies this statement by saying that man is “a lord subordinate to God’s ultimate lordships.” 2 It is interesting to note that when Adam was without sin, he was considered a king, prophet, and priest. In God’s valuation system, a human being is far more important than anything that he ever created. It is easier to process the requirements if the believer begins from a state of positive affirmation. It is more difficult to obey if the believer begins from a state of condemnation. It is therefore interesting to find out why religious leaders are not spending more time and energy promoting something that works in accordance to human nature. It is imperative to point out that a believer should think and act in accordance to the authority and responsibility of a child of God. Believers must acknowledge that sin is a difficult problem to solve. However, a positive framework based on value makes it easier to integrate the problem-solving mechanisms that God prepared for the redemption of mankind. It is true that mankind continues to suffer as a consequence of sin. However, the shift in perspective makes it easier to see God’s helping hand. Frame said that the Holy Spirit is continuously at work in the lives of the believers. He also added that God leads his children through a process by which they become more intimately attached to Christ. 3 It is therefore easier to accept that believers must continually live a life of repentance and faith. It is also easier to accept the assurance of salvation. 4 It is also easier to participate in sanctification. Frame said that sanctification is not passive; we need to be involved in the process. At the end we partake of the divine nature. 5 It is no longer a burden to help establish God’s Kingdom through the Church. It is considered a great joy to make disciples. The sacraments are no longer seen as a ste of odious tasks to perform. It is now viewed as a “means of grace.” 6 Conclusion At the end believers are exhorted to live holy lives and walk in the power of the Spirit. However, believers are struggling to obey and live in accordance to God’s will. God’s positive valuation of man must be highlighted. It empowers believers to live in accordance to God’s standards. At the same time it magnifies a biblical truth, that it is God’s goodness that leads people to repentance. Thus, Frame’s Systematic Theology can be summarized as God’s conscious attempt to intervene by helping human beings attain salvation, spiritual regeneration, and sanctification. For many believers it is hard to follow in the footsteps of Jesus Christ, because they begin their journey in a negative frame of mind. Frame’s book is different because it started from a lofty perception of man based on God’s original design. Therefore, it is easier to view God’s intervention as actions that emanate from love and not from condemnation. If this mindset is propagated throughout Christendom a religious revival is not far behind. Bibliography Frame, John. Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief . NJ: P&R Publishing, 2013. Footnotes 1 John Frame, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief (NJ: P&R Publishing, 2013), p.814. 2 Ibid., p.786. 3 Ibid., p.939. 4 Ibid., p.1006. 5 Ibid., p.1011. 6 Ibid., p.1048.
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Approaches To Capacity Planning And Control Essay Capacity planning and control entails the research techniques for addressing the issue of scheduling business applications, planning the allocation of resources, controlling inventory through routing or queuing and having the problem solving techniques in place for various departments. The planning and controlling approaches include optimization techniques. The function in this approach is diminishing or maximization of business elements to meet the least expenditure objectives within a constrained operating environment. A big problem is broken down to ease complexity and thus speeding up computation. A problem can decompose to allow efficiency in and ability to handle the uncertainties adequately. Secondly, dynamic approach allows the business owner or analyst to make decisions sequentially in a multi-stage pattern. A problem is recursively related to solutions come up with most effective results or conclusion. A complex problem can be decomposed to various sub-problems and the solution to one problem create a sequentially dependent framework such that the solution of a sub-problem emerges from the preceding solution meaning that the whole problem is one, broken into various parts but the preceding resolutions are independent of each other. The other approach entails sensitivity analysis. The management have to analyze hypothetically, logically or substantially, the most important functions of the firm. This must be the key element of the business that triggers major changes in the business performance and examines the most important factors for the revolution. The definition of this approach is a procedure of examining impacts over changes and their effects as outputs. (Dodds, 2008) One has to evaluate reasonable limits for change or the individual impact on other independent measures of business quality. This approach rarely features independent usage because it has the sole purpose of challenging other business points for optimal performance. Its main usage occurs after other approaches, to determine their viability or validity. Lastly is the probabilistic and risk analysis approach. This represents a major departure from the main deterministic view. The analysis has a subjective basis on judgements made by the experts, business planners or analysts. The consideration entails correlations along with uncertainties to gauge cost and performance. Compared to deterministic or fixed-point approaches, the probabilistic approach offers additional information of chances and range sensitivity. These approaches entail some common techniques and the business manager ought to base their decisions on the method to implement, by checking on the primary functionality of optimisation or delineation of the differences in the approaches. They can also support their decisions on simulation based on the systems dynamics, analysis of scenarios, sensitivity and the probability of a risk. The last basis is upon decision analysis using various theoretic techniques. The main aim of these approaches is to analyse uncertainties in a business such as risks to develop comprehensive understanding on demands and create awareness within the business. Measuring capacity entails finding the distinction between the inputs or output measures of a business capacity. The best approach therefore finds the real capacity that depends on the exact mix of activities to be undertaken. The effective capacity management is dependent on the disaggregate nature of the demand thus the reason for some adjustments to accommodate detailed planning. Today integration of various approaches is in use with the aim of meeting the unique specification of a certain demand and at the same time integrates all of them to function as a single unit. Arguably, the best fitting approach to most business would be dynamic approach to solutions incorporated with sensitivity analysis. References Dodds, B. (2008, March 31). Pandemic Planning and Business Continuity . Retrieved from https://ezinearticles.com/?Pandemic-Planning-and-Business-Continuity&id=1080616
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The Dangers of CT Scan Analysis Essay A CT scan works in such a way that the patient or the person being scanned sets themselves on a table facing upwards. The table on which the person lies is then passed through the middle region of the x-ray machine. The process may also require the patient to hold his/her breadth to ensure minimal blurring of pictures. Often, a contrast agent may be added into the blood veins either by injection or ingestion, some minutes before the CT scan. The purpose of the contrast die is to cause specific tissues of the body to become more visible to the operator. It must be noted here that the CT scans do not cause any form of pain to the patient apart from some discomfort caused by lying in one position during the entire process. CT scan information can be used to make models in three ways. The approaches include the use of CAD system, the use of STL-interfacing and direct interfacing. It is worth noting that CT scans have a good advantage over other forms of scans. This is because the data sourced from a CT scan can be used to produce human body structures by the rapid prototyping systems. The way in which the scans enable tissue separations is also advantageous in that it becomes useful for assessing soft tissue lesions around the pelvis. CT studies can also be combined with contrast materials for special evaluation such as CT myelography. Images can therefore be obtained in the transverse plane and thereafter reconstructed by computer with the frontal and suggital planes or presented as 3-D images for a more graphic display (Staheli, L. 31). However, this technology also has its own shortcomings. For instance, infants and the young children need sedation. This is to prevent them from absorbing the negative effects of the scans. CT scans also have a greater radiation exposure (Meercola 4). It is also worth noting that the scans expensive in comparison with the conventional studies. The other disadvantage is that the data sourced from CT scans is much difficult to deal with. The interpretation of the images and the data is also very difficult. This means that a special interpreter is needed to perform a complete CT scan. This is one of the reasons why the operation is pretty expensive. There is also the risk of allergic reactions or contrast nephropathy. Other situations can also occur whereby the patient who has undergone a complete CT scan experiences short breadth. Worse still, other people who have undergone this scan may experience throat swellings. CT refers to computerized topography scan. The scans show structures within the body created by a computer. The computer takes data from multiple x-ray images and presents them on a screen as pictures. The scan generates data as a grid of three dimensional points, where each point has a varying shade of grey that indicate the density of the body tissue which are found in that particular place. It is important to note that the technology has helped in the collection of data which have been used to build skull, femur, knee, and other bone models on stereolithography systems. Some of these reproductions have been used to generate implants, which have been successfully installed in patients. The data actually consists of raster images of the physical objects being scanned. Even human temporal bones have been produced using these scans. CT studies therefore provide excellent bone and soft tissue details. The soft tissues can also be manipulated by computer to enhance tissue separations. It is also important to look at the flip side of the disadvantages. Thus, while it may be disadvantageous for a patient to undergo a complete CT scan, the effects of not doing a complete CT scan must also be considered. Not having the procedure can be more risky than having the procedure. This is why people who want to undergo the procedure must do an extensive research on the pros and cons of the process since the process has different effects to every patient depending on the level and nature of illness. There is also another kind of CT scan called a spiral CT. Here, the machine rotates around the body in a continuous cycle along a spiral path. This results into a cross section of the pictures of the body. The spiral scan comes with a number of benefits. The scan can be used to make three dimensional pictures of body organs that are situated inside the body. Due to its circular movement, the scan can detect small areas that have some kind of abnormalities. Last but not least, the procedure is faster than the conventional CT scan thereby reducing the discomfort caused by lying on one area for a long time. Other kinds of scans include the virtual endoscopy and a combined PET/CT scanning. These techniques are newer and allow for better imaging, and they also mitigate the negative effects of CT scans. Works Cited Mercola. The Dangers of CT Scana: How CT Stands for Cancer Trap. Web. Staheli, Lynn. Fundamentals of Pediatric orthopedics . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2008.
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How innovation leads to economic development Essay Christopher (1982) explains that economic development is the improvement in the infrastructure and better living standards. Every government has the sole objective of improving the level of economic development and improving the livelihood d of its citizens. Innovation is the modification of an existing idea or the creation of a totally unique idea to help solve ones need. The importance of innovation in any organization is best epitomized by the establishment of a research and development department. Huge sum of money has also been allocated for innovation of new ideas. To begin with, innovation improves the modes of production. With the improved means of production, organizations get to enhance their efficiency and reduce the wastages in production (Schumpeter, 1934). Due to this there will be a large increase in the output which results to development. Innovation also creates new employment opportunities in any given country. Employment increase makes the idle resources put into productive utilization and this leads to new output creation. The new production lines leads to the economic growth. Constant economic growth will in the long run lead to the economic development of any economy. Moreover, innovation results into the designing of better structures that can be employed in the development of new infrastructure. When better designs are developed, new and durable structure get to be built making the economy look more admirable and sustainable. Because of the nature of the infrastructure that is developed, little public resources would be incurred on the maintenance hence reducing the costs. This will thus lead to the economic development. In addition, innovation has led to the improvement of the standards of living. For instance, the new methods of keeping the environment clean, economizing of the megre resources and those on the preparation of consumable goods have increased the life span of the individuals in an economy. With better health, the labour force of any given economy has been enhanced and output increased making the economy to develop. The economic development of any given region depends a lot on the political climate that exists. Poor political situations e.g. war has led to the fall of many economies. Through innovation, solutions to the conflicts arising between individuals and economies have been enhanced. This has led to the tranquil coexistence which has thus led to the economic development. Another pillar for economic development of any economy is trade. Trade ensures that the economies can acquire goods or services that it can’t produce for itself. If the terms of trade are archaic not much will be realized and therefore the economic development will retard. As a result of innovation, better terms of trade have been developed which reduces the cost of transactions and hence lead to economic development. Innovation in the technological sector impacts positively on the production of better machinery. Better machinery will result into the economies of scale production which reduces the production cost. Again technological innovation has enhanced services provision which has increased revenues to the economies. Finally, innovation in the agricultural sectors has enabled the production of agricultural commodities even in adverse weather conditions. This has boosted the food security of the economies leading to the economic development. In conclusion, innovation becomes a major factor in the development of any economy. Individuals and governments must thus aim at coming up and investing in innovation. References Freeman, Christopher (1982). The Economics of Industrial Innovation . London: Frances Pinter. Schumpeter, Joseph (1934). The Theory of Economic Development . Boston: Harvard University Press.
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A Cooperation Between Four Crucial Structures Essay The idea of cooperation between the educational establishments, government and business and industrial structures props up against a tight work on a mutually advantageous base. The world of education is versatile in terms of different directions in it and profiles of current profession as well. In this respect the rational approach of business and industry toward involvement in the development of Community Colleges is grounded on the perspectives of further fulfillment of labor market with new specialists. It is rather necessary, however, to point out the principles and mechanisms which are vital in making solutions about the issue. First of all, it is quite important to admit that every human being is eager to find his/her way in the life due to a current aptness potential which he/she possesses. Thereupon, students in Community Colleges are eager to succeed in the educational stage of their life. Cohen and Brawer (2003) note that collaboration between business, industry and Community Colleges is based on the prospects of “training would-be workers” in order to fit the first two. In fact, it is no surprising that the reciprocal involvement and participation of educational establishments proves the hopes of students to achieve further opportunities in life. In other words, when such process exists, it is no longer a problem for educators to make their students be able to find prestigious or appropriate work. On the other hand, employers intentionally incorporate their needs and prospects as of the possible workplaces for students when providing several programs to make the concept of profession clear. Donokov (2007) promotes this idea as one of the most rational ways to make college-business relationships more improved and profitable: “…employers are increasingly looking for soft skills, such as problem-solving and teamwork, in those they hire and often expect the community college to train in these areas as well as in technical skills” (43). From the field of work experience it is vital for enterprises to be provided with the young personnel. It is so due to the new generational approaches to find out solutions in different situations. Moreover, the progress is always presupposed with youth. In this respect employers are trying to make every possible attempt not only for having quantitative but also qualitative fulfillment of “gaps” within industrial workspace. It is a part of nationwide program actually. The government is interested in making economy of the country strong. For this purpose education promotes specialists and educated people, so that this process of national concernment could follow the needs of the country. In this issue the location of a Community College plays ka great role. Most of the educational establishments of higher category of accreditation are concentrated near business centers or hubs. It serves as a guarantee for enterprises that new employees will definitely choose to work in their offices. Rothwell and Gerity (2008) promote an idea that business will not go without the educational support and vice versa: “A ready supply of workers with up-to-date skills continues to be a key to business attraction and retention and economic development” (185). Thus, the role of business and industry in their cooperation with Community Colleges matters today due to a perpetual flow of graduated workers with different degree of education. The needs and requirements of employers are stated in many courses promoted by colleges, so that to build a preparation background for further workplace. Reference Cohen, A. M., and Brawer, F. B. (2004). The American community college . San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons. Donokov, G. V. (2007). The 21st century community college. Carbondale, IL: Nova Publishers. Rothwell, W. J. and Gerity, P. E. (2008). Linking Workforce Development to Economic Development: A Casebook for Community Colleges. New York: Amer. Assn. of Community Col.
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What It Means to Be Literate Now Essay For decades and even centuries, literacy was associated with the ability to read and write exclusively. However, these skills are far from being sufficient to be successful in the 21 st century. People start adding more meanings to the notion, which leads to a certain confusion in the society, educational systems, as well as people’s minds (Mackenzie 1). Although a specific definition has not been developed, people agree that being literate includes but is not confined to being able to understand textual, visual, and audial information (Kędra 67). Educators also argue that critical thinking and social skills, as well as the ability to use diverse types of technology, are as important as the ones mentioned above. It is possible to note that literate people of the 21 st century can appropriately process and respond to textual, visual, audial, social, cultural, technology-based messages. Such areas of knowledge as reading and writing have been associated with literacy, which has not changed throughout decades. Being literate presupposes being able to read and write texts, but these skills are only a part of the basic items on the list (Kędra 67). Educators emphasize that contemporary people also need to “read” visual and audial messages to elicit as much data as possible to develop the most effective behavioral patterns (“What Does It Mean to Be Literate”). Nowadays, every individual is bombarded with diverse visual and audial bits of data, and it is critical to interpreting these messages correctly to be successful in modern society. Importantly, critical thinking skills, as well as social and emotional literacy, are also regarded as fundamental for the current life. Children who can socialize and understand others’ emotional states have proved to be more successful than those who do not have such types of literacies (“What Does It Mean to Be Literate”). Globalization has brought people of various backgrounds together, and the representatives of different cultures have to interact in their professional and personal lives. Therefore, teachers should take into account these multiple literacies to equip their students with what they will need in their future. It is also necessary to note that the ability to use media and technology is also a part of the literacy of the 21 st century. Young people and children are savvy users of diverse types of technological advances such as mobile- and computer-based technologies (“What Does It Mean to Be Literate”). Middle-aged and older people tend to lag, which makes them less prepared to address the challenges of the modern world. Furthermore, children and adolescents are heavy users of technology, but they may use it ineffectively. Hence, teachers should make sure they help their students to overcome issues associated with the use of technology, as well as help their students’ parents to gain certain knowledge and skills. To sum up, although it has been acknowledged that literacy is not confined to the ability to read or write, a proper definition of the notion is yet to be developed. At that, many agree that literate people of the 21 st century can understand, process, and reproduce textual, visual, audial, cultural, and social information. Modern people should also be able to use technology and different types of media. Educators should ensure their students’ acquisition of all the necessary skills so that they could become successful members of society. It is necessary to remember that different age groups need a distinctive approach to raising the level of their multiple literacies. Works Cited Kędra, Joanna. “What Does It Mean to Be Visually Literate? Examination of Visual Literacy Definitions in a Context of Higher Education.” Journal of Visual Literacy , vol. 37, no. 2, 2018, pp. 67-84. Mackenzie, Noella M. “Being literate: Then and now.” Practically Primary, vol. 20, no. 3, 2015, pp. 1-27. “What Does It Mean to Be Literate in the 21st Century?” The Literacy Site , n.d., Web.
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The Attitude to Vocation as the Theme of Michael Dorris “The Benchmark” Essay People often choose the occupation which is familiar to them from their childhood because of their parents’ specialization or because of the extreme interest in some spheres. Michael Dorris presents his vision of the role of a profession in the person’s life in his short story “The Benchmark”. Frank, the protagonist of the story, feels a real passion for his work in the field of hydrology, and different stages of his life are closely connected with his occupation. Although it is typical to portray characters with references to their work, Dorris explores the theme of the protagonist’s occupation paying attention to the role of the profession in Frank’s life as the way to feel pain and be happy at different life stages and concentrating on the protagonist’s attitude to the vocation. Frank’s interest in hydrology can be explained with references to his father’s work. Frank became the follower of his father’s ideas and made water and water objects a significant part of his life. It is important to note that the protagonist’s passion for his work can be discussed as extreme because Frank is inclined to assess the other people according to their attitude to his passion. Thus, Frank’s wife Martha should also overcome the test on the attitude to the water and Frank’s occupation. That is why, Frank hopes that his children could follow his business. However, Frank states, “it bothers me, when I let it, that I’ve apprenticed no successor (Dorris 502). The protagonist feels a kind of frustration understanding that his children are not interested in his work. The author develops the theme of vocation as the protagonist’s way to escape from the reality. Moreover, the aspects of Frank’s occupation form his reality that is why all the tragic and happy situations are connected with the particular features of his work. Thus, Frank hopes that his son Ben can become a good successor. The protagonist states that by the time Ben was seven “he was my number one. He had the eye, no question. He could sense the vibration of water it moved under layers of dry ground, could calculate on a sunny day the route a rain spill might follow” (Dorris 504). Nevertheless, the favourite occupation can become the source of the pain. Ben dies, and the cause of his death is closely associated with the result of his father’s work. However, this tragic situation does not influence Frank’s attitude to his work because now his occupation is his way to overcome the depression. Dorris accentuates that Frank experienced some changes in his attitude to work, but in spite of any situations, hydrology remains to take the first position in his life. Frank stresses, “I became less my father’s son and more a man for himself, in my own eyes as well as in the estimate of others” (Dorris 506). Frank continues to build ponds after the death of his son, and he understands that his actions can be discussed as indirect causes of his son’s death, but hydrology is the most significant part of his life which helps him recover from any situation. In his short story “The Benchmark”, Michael Dorris discusses the theme of a person’s work from the perspective of considering a profession as a real obsession of a man who tries to find all the necessary emotions and feelings while doing his work. From this point, the occupation can become the source of the real happiness and significant pain. Works Cited Dorris, Michael. “The Benchmark”. Water and Culture: Unifying the Humanities Core Curriculum . Ed. Matthias Schubnell. USA: University of the Incarnate Word, 2011. 501-507. Print.
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Nonverbal Communication in Comedy and Drama Essay Modern scholars believe that a person renders a large portion of the information by non-verbal means of communication such as gesticulation, facial expressions, eye contact, or even clothing. They help to express ideas, emotions or emphasize some points during the conversation (Mehrabian, 4). In this paper, we need to show how the functioning of body language can vary depending on the specific situation. To do it we need to compare dramatic and comedic performances. We have chosen such examples as Sophocles’ play Oedipus the King staged by Michael Pennington and the Taming of the Shrew , directed by John Alison. Certainly, the plot of playdays is practical to everyone but in this case, the most important task is to analyze them from visual perspective irrespective of the actors words. The first scene depicts the conflict between Oedipus, a powerful ruler, and Tiresias, a blind prophet. The actor, playing Oedipus attempts to emphasize that his character possesses authority. He puts his hands on his hips to assert his control over the situation. But when a person does so, it may mean that he actually feels vulnerable and just tries to hide his fear. His proxemics[1] also indicates that he is quite nervous: Oedipus moves almost chaotically around the place. He goes to the top of the stairs to demonstrate that he remains a king but his facial expression betrays him. Sometimes, it seems that his face is virtually distorted with pain. Another interesting detail is that through body language, the characters also show their attitude toward the interlocutor. For example, Oedipus points his finger at Tiresias as if accusing him of something. In sharp contrast, Teiresias avoids using gestures and his hands are practically motionless. Occasionally, it seems that the actors have exchanged their roles because Oedipus behaves like a fearful subordinate rather than a king. How a person move uses physical spaces around him or her As regards comedic performance, we have taken the final scene in the Taming of the Shrew. It depicts reconciliation between Katherina and Petruchio. Katherina supposedly declares her submission and obedience to her husbands will. The actress tries to look very humble. She even falls on her knees but Petruchio raises her. Katherine actively gesticulates as though trying to explain something to other characters and to the audience. Judging from her body language, we can argue that Katherina attempts to prove some point to other women, probably, about the role of a woman in the family and her dependence on the spouse. However, her ironic and half-hidden smile reveals that her submission to her husband is not quite sincere. If we draw parallels between Oedipus the King and the Taming of the Shrew , we need to say that in both cases, characters use body language in order to display their attitude towards the other person. In addition, in both plays the actors try to render the inner world of their characters or at least their emotional state. However, in dramatic performance, body language is more informative and more vivid, while in the comedy, Katherina carefully conceals her real feelings; she just wants to produce an impression of obedience on her husband. On the whole, the description and analysis of body language can give deep insights into the inner world of a person, his attitude towards toward others. In some cases, non-verbal communication shows the contradictions between his words and his feelings. The most interesting detail is that body language frequently breaks our stereotypes about literary or cinematographic characters. It helps to look at them from a different angle. Works Cited Alison, John. The Taming of the Shrew. BBS Studio, 1990. Web. Mehrabian Albert. Nonverbal communication . Transaction Publishers, 2007. Pennington , Michael. Oedipus the King , 1984. Web.
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Whenever a business is operating out of the normal procedures consequently causing harm and discomfort to the surrounding public, the situation can be seen as negligence. In his article, Schmedlen gives a very good example of an instance where premise negligence has caused trouble for a company (Schmedlen, 2011). In his case, an employer was shot dead by her boyfriend and later on, the boyfriend took his own life. However, before he died, the boyfriend left a complaining note about the company’s inability to protect his girlfriend from him. He noted and complained about the poor security measures employed by the company and demanded in his note that his children should be compensated for the loss caused by the company’s negligence which ended up causing their mother’s death. Main text In such a case, the premise liability is viable since it was the premise owner’s responsibility to ensure the safety of his or her own employees. Businesses have become easy targets of plaintiffs considering the fact that nowadays jury awards have become a very steep price to pay (Schmedlen, 2011). Businesses face numerous lawsuits due to premises liability. Taking into account that this is a challenging and difficult issue to handle, businesses are forced to compose measures to fight back this trend which in some instances has been used by people to secure financial gain. Like the case in Schmedlen’s article, the man took advantage of his relationship with an employee and passed through the security detail. This is quite challenging especially when the person in question has a close relationship with an employee. Nonetheless, whether the damage was done by a close relative or a fellow workmate, the business is liable to the loss because it has happened on its premises. This incident despite it being an extraordinary occurrence is a wake-up call to property owners to check on their premise’s security and treat every person equally in respect to maintaining security. The fact that the above-mentioned lady was killed in the company’s premises tells a lot about the security measures effected in the company. The plaintiff would ask, how did the perpetrator manage to sneak a gun inside the premises? Such a case would not have happened if the security was effective. Victims of such an incident are entitled to damages compensation to cover their losses and injuries. This is counted as the premises’ cost for not putting in place measures to avert such an incidence. Premise owners must always make sure their premises are well maintained and properly checked from time to time so that they do not pose danger to the public or people living in them. This is important for saving the owners’ premises cost in compensating casualties in case of an accident. Unfortunately, the responsibility lays squarely in the hands of the premises’ owners, and in case of an accident, the law is clear on this (Schmedlen, 2011). There are public policies that advocate for businesses to have full knowledge of possible risks in their property and premises as well as to be able to counter the effect posed by any possible risk. Consequently, businesses must have enough resources to be able to compensate victims in case of injuries occur. Reference Schmedlen, R. H. (2011). Heading off the Liability Headache. Journal of Premises Liability.3 (5), 1-2.
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Some of these factors include immigration policies, cultural perception, social networks and economic pressures. However, studies have demonstrated that there are factors that are more important and immensely trigger immigration flows. For example, it is worth to mention that economic pressure is one of the most vital factors that trigger mass movement of people from one region to another. This part of the essay attempts to examine and explore why economic pressure is an important factor that enhances international immigration flows. To begin with, economic pressures entail all economic activities such as trade, labor supply and production that results into international differences in terms of generation of resources and consumer preferences. These activities determine immigration patterns, transactions and also tend to interfere with how immigrants generally interact with the inhabitants of diverse countries. In-depth study has shown that terms of trade vary a lot from one country to another. As a matter of fact, trade differentials such as comparative advantage tend to explain why trading usually takes place between two or more geographical regions. In this case, immigrants move from their country of origin into another location where there are favorable terms of trade. It is notable that economic policies in certain countries do not favor both new and existing investments thereby forcing investors to migrate into other countries where they can be able to practice trade without limitations. In addition to the latter, it is apparent that some countries especially those that are developed have high production ratio than the underdeveloped states. Therefore, these countries experience economic integration and diversification, a factor that attract immigrants to new destinations due to favorable terms of trade. Current research evidences have revealed that myriads of immigration cases are economically motivated. This is due to the fact that there is a vivid and wide disparity in terms of income earned by workers all over the world. In particular, workers in developed countries are well paid as opposed to those in underdeveloped countries. Moreover, empirical studies have revealed that in third world countries, skilled workers receive minimal pay for the same work done by other laborers in well developed and sustained economies such as those in the US, UK and Asian tigers. This factor has triggered increased immigration flows from low-waged to high-waged countries. Economic policies that have been used for considerably long period of time to regulate labor supply also determine immigration flows. For instance, a country like Australia lawfully allows immigrants within its borders who qualify to take positions in particular jobs. In this case, labor polices in a country can determine whether individuals will opt to immigrate into other places. In fact, certain countries have laws allowing their citizens to export their skills by working in foreign countries. Needless, to say, economic incentives for foreign investors in a certain country can determine immigration flow. This implies that if a particular country does not offer incentives for workers with vital skills and qualifications, then they will be compelled to migrate into countries where they can get such incentives. To recap it all, it is reasonably beyond doubt that countries with favorable trade policies, high wage levels and impressive economic incentives for laborers experience high immigration flows. Examples of such countries include the UK, Germany, Britain, USA, France and Italy.
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Case Outline 2. Facts of the case 3. History of the Case 4. Legal Question 5. Decision 6. Verdict and opinion 7. Conclusion 8. References The present federal court case addresses the lawsuit issued by three Muslim men, Muhammad Tanvir, Jameel Algibhah, and Naveed Shinwari, on the matter of seeking money damages under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) of 1993 (Kassem et al., 2021). In 2010, the aforementioned individuals were placed on the “No Fly” list by the Federal Bureau Agency (FBI) after men refused to become FBI informants, seeking and disclosing information about the Muslim faith community ( Tanzin v. Tanvir , 2020). Four years after the incident, men filed a lawsuit to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, seeking both removal from the list and money damages for the RFRA violation (Kassem et al., 2021). While they were removed from the “No Fly” list immediately after issuing the lawsuit, the District Court denied the motion for money damages, claiming that federal officials cannot be charged for damages under the qualified immunity provisions. Later, the plaintiffs appealed the Court’s decision, claiming that the RFRA provides the opportunity of seeking “appropriate relief” for violation of one’s religious freedom (Howe, 2020). The notion of “appropriate relief,” in that case, could stand for financial compensation from the government officials. The defendants claimed the federals’ qualified immunity as a state provision that separates government officials from civil suits and damages. However, the hearing established that under the given circumstances, the defendants, despite being FBI agents, clearly violated the RFRA and one’s right to religious freedom. Hence, the judgment was ruled unanimously in favor of the plaintiff, declaring that money damages are included in the definition of “appropriate relief,” even if the lawsuit is issued against federal officials ( Tanzin v. Tanvir , 2020). This legal precedent has become revolutionary in terms of defining the scope of influence for qualified immunity. Case Outline Tanzin v. Tanvir 141 S. Ct. 486 (2020) Facts of the case Plaintiff: Muhammad Tanvir, Jameel Algibhah, Naveed Shinwari Defendant: FNU Tanzin et al. Legal precedent: Violation of the RFRA by FBI officials who put three Muslim American residents on the “No Fly” list after refusal to spy on the fellow faith community. History of the Case Initial ruling: the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York denied the motion to change Government officials for money damages under the provisions of qualified immunity for federal officials. The plaintiff was immediately removed from the “No Fly” list. Ruling appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Legal Question Can government officials be charged for money damages under the remedies of the RFRA? Decision The holding that government officials were to pay damages as a result of the violation was supported by the Supreme Court. Thus, the decision was made in favor of the plaintiff. Such a ruling was made due to the RFRA’s statement of mandatory “appropriate relief” for the victims of act violation that stood for money damages, among other options. Under the Act, government officials are held legally responsible once their actions were clearly identified as ones violating the RFRA. The present case proved the presence of a legal violation by the officials, and the appropriate actions were taken to meet the initial demands of the plaintiff. Verdict and opinion The ruling was made unanimously in favor of the plaintiff, with eight judges ruling in favor of the appeal. The primary concurring opinion was that in the case of explicit violation, Government officials were obliged to pay money damages under the RFRA. There was no dissenting opinion presented by the judges. The final verdict of the Court was that the case became a precedent to the other cases that question the qualified immunity of the Government officials who violate the RFRA, holding them accountable for their actions. Conclusion The ruling of this case has had an explicit impact on both the perception of the RFRA and the notion of qualified immunity. Essentially, qualified immunity is the type of legal immunity given to the government officials as individuals in order to protect their duties to perform their work and protect them from unlawful legal allegations (Legal Information Institute, n.d.). Because of this type of immunity, the majority of legal cases were addressed to the government as an institution rather than to an individual representing this body. In Tanzin v. Tanvir (2020), the Supreme Court made an exception to demonstrate that in cases of clear violation, individuals, not the federal institution, were held responsible for paying money damages to the victims. According to Jaicomo and Bidwell (2022), Justice Thomas “embraced the availability of damages claims against government officials as historically justified and often necessary to vindicate individual rights and to check the government’s power” (p. 105). Hence, this ruling presents the foundation for shifting the justice’ focus from embracing qualified immunity towards the reconsideration of its impact on the population. After this Supreme Court’s decision, more law enforcement and federal institution representation can become legally responsible for their actions, solely dealing with the repercussions of their illegal actions towards the civil population and separate individuals. References Howe, A. (2020). Case preview: Justices to consider availability of money damages in religious freedom lawsuits. SCOTUSblog. Web. Jaicomo, P., & Bidwell, A. (2022). Recalibrating qualified immunity: How Tanzin v. Tanvir , Taylor v. Riojas , and McCoy v. Alamu signal the Supreme Court’s discomfort with the doctrine of qualified immunity. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 112 (1), 105-144. Kassem, R., Tanvir, M., Algibhah, J., & Shinwari, N. (2021). Reflection on Tanzin v. Tanvir . Harvard Law Review Forum, 135 , 74-87. Legal Information Institute. (n.d.). Qualified immunity . Cornell Law School. Web. Tanzin v. Tanvir 141 S. Ct. 486 (2020)
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However, for the moment, I am interested more in anthropology as I believe this science helps understand people more comprehensively. First of all, I may say that I prefer to examine individuals in groups. Regardless of individual characteristics, social collectives may be characterized by particular common behavior, culture, values, and beliefs which, in turn, may influence every member of these groups. At the same time, the main advantage of anthropology that attracts me is the focus of this science on humans’ past and present (American Anthropological Association, 2021). Anthropology aims to understand what makes every person a human and creates culture. It explains how the world influences people and how people influence the world throughout history. In general, anthropology includes several areas: archaeology, sociocultural anthropology, biological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. From a personal perspective, linguistic anthropology is the most attractive interdisciplinary study of social sciences. First of all, it is not covered by sociology or psychology as much as by anthropology. Moreover, I would like to learn more about how languages form cultures, and how different cultures impact languages. It goes without saying that one of the most important purposes of anthropology is the search for solutions for modern issues through the investigation of humans’ past. Thus, I wish to contribute to common social wellbeing as well through the application of social, physical, and biological sciences. In particular, I am highly interested in whether any modern issues may be positively affected by languages and their connection with various cultures. Reference American Anthropological Association. (2021). What is anthropology? Web.
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Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Essay Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Ann Jacobs is a book that entails her narration of the experiences she had as a slave. The original copy of the book was published in 1861, and has had several reprints since its first publication. At the time of its publication, the book was intended to enlighten the African-American community so as to promote freedom fighting. The book was also meant to arouse sympathy from the whites so as to gain their support in the anti-slavery movements. By composing this narrative, Jacobs knew that there would be white abolitionists willing to help her rescue the other African-Americans who were still in bondage. Even though Harriet’s narrative presents a commendable insight of the economics of slavery, it is evident that it is gender biased, as it is written from a woman’s perspective. Having been written in the beginning of the Civil War, the book did not reach out to as many readers as expected. This was because most people were not sure who the author was, as the author used pseudonym. For identity protection reasons, Harriet Jacobs referred to herself as Linda Brent. In addition, the book was considered an imaginary tale until in 1970 when Jean Fagan proved that the story was true, and that the author was Harriet Ann Jacobs. Linda is brought up by a well-off slave couple, and unlike other slave children, she enjoys her childhood. She is fortunate to have been adopted by a nice family after her mother dies, as it is with the second family that she learns to read and write. Linda is confused of her status as a slave as she grows up as her masters tend to treat her well compared to other families. However, this is until her mother’s mistress dies, and she is inherited by Dr. Flint who becomes her new master. Life changes for her as she begins to feel the pain inflicted on slaves (Jacobs 227). Under Dr. Flint’s care, Linda experiences the worst incidents in her life; she is dehumanized to a point that she loses her moral control. She is forced to enter into a sexual relationship with Mr. Sands, who is married just to protect herself from his master. Dr. Flint who occasionally makes sexual passes at Linda is at the verge of raping her, forcing Linda to take drastic measure to save her. She is forced to keep the affair going so as to put off Dr. Flint, and as a result, she gives birth to two children, Benjamin and Ellen. Her reasons for going after a married man are arguably justifiable as she is left with no options. Mrs. Flint, Linda’s mistress is mean to Linda as she suspects that her husband may have a sexual relationship with their slave. This puts Linda into more troubles as she has to constantly bear with the pressure inflicted on her by her mistress. Thinking that Dr. Flint will furiously sell her to Mr. Sands when he discovers the affair, she is instead sent to the plantation where she can be physically tortured. Linda and the other slaves are powerless and have to obey their masters in order to get their way. Otherwise, one is not only physically tortured; he/she is forced to witness their loved ones getting tortured, which is blamed on their disobedient. This is seen when Dr. Flint decides to move Linda and her children to the plantation. It is for this reason that Linda plots a plan to escape with her two children to the North. She is never at peace even after escaping as she is always haunted by Dr. Flint, and his men. This is because the slavery system had placed a lot of powers and privileges to the white community. Even though Jacobs also touches on the physical brutality during the enslavement, she focuses more on the psychological abuses of slavery. Slave holders are seen inflicting the worst pain on slaves by physically torturing them for no reasons (Jacobs 46). Slaves are not seen as humans; they are viewed as objects that can be sold and purchased at any time. By denying the slaves the freedom to get a basic education, they denied them the opportunity to understand how the rest of the world work, making it easier to control them. Linda is lucky to have been taught by her mother’s mistress how to read or write; otherwise, writing this book would have been impossible (Jacobs 6). Having been born into slavery, most of the slaves have accepted their fate, as working for their master and bearing with the brutality inflicted on them is all they know. Through the influences of the slave system, slaves are forced into immoral acts such as theft and adultery in order to survive. Through this book, it is evident that women suffered harsher struggles than men, given the experiences Linda went through. Aunt Martha is seen as a leader figure as she constantly stands up for herself when Dr. Flint tries to abuse her; she has dignity and she’s even feared by Dr. Flint. Sexual abuse, physical torture, denial of the freedom to control their lives is among the hardships that slaves underwent. By studying the history of slavery using a primary source, the learner gets an insight of what really happened, as it is a narration of a personal experience. The passing of the Fugitive Slave Act is among the achievements that were made, by the time Jacobs wrote this book. Work Cited Jacobs, Harriet A. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl . Boston: Thayer & Eldridge, 1861. Print.
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Miller’s The Death of a Salesman vs. Wilson’s Fences Essay This essay will start with the analysis of August Wilson’s Fences which was performed less than ten years after Death of a Salesman debuted. The film is often seen as a Black American play that is about the downfall of a white salesman who goes by the name of Willy Lowman. In all the two plays, there is a similar pattern observed where there is a decline of a patriarch of a single family. There are interesting father-son dynamics where these family members are entangled in melodramatic activities that culminate to entertain viewers. The two fathers of the different plays both commit adultery. Furthermore, the two characters try hard to achieve the American Dream. It became clear that the protagonist’s idea of the American dream takes center stage in both plays. The two characters, Willy Lowman and Troy Maxon, can get a lot of challenges and fences in their quest to achieve the American Dream. One common idea in the two plays, Fences and the Death of a Salesman is the father-son relationship. The true characters of the fathers and sons are seen in the actions that they undertake in their quest. Troy Maxson and WillyLoman have different methods which they want their sons to follow to achieve the American Dream. However, it becomes apparent that the fathers have tailored their values and beliefs in a poor way that hinders success. An illustration is this is seen when Willy Loman, who is the father of Biff, encourages his son to excel at football as opposed to getting good at his studies in school. This idea is ignorant and stupid, as his poor grades end up costing him his scholarship. In the other film, their background Death of a Salesman, Troy tells his son to drop football and leave his dream of an athletic scholarship so that he can work at the A&P store (pg 236). He loses his opportunity to study at a premium university for a low-paying job. This is nothing less than being ignorant and not seeing the bigger picture. It becomes clear from the start that Fences is a play that questions the legitimacy of achieving the American Dream. There is the general notion that everyone in America, regardless of their background, can achieve success. However, in the case of Fences, the patriarchal family has the perception and ambitions to go places, but the world is not in their favor as they face a plethora of challenges as they go about their business. First, the fathers of both children miss the mark of communicating this objective to their sons. According to Willy Loman, the success of the American dream can be done in specific ways by taking shortcuts. He believes that it can be achieved by personal attractiveness and by establishing certain types of connections. He was completely mistaken when he believed that one of the successful businessmen he knew could grant his son Biff a loan (pg 955). He believes that because he encouraged Biff once when he was in high school. Taking shortcuts does not work in the real world, and this speaks a lot about determination and level of ignorance. Similarly, Troy Maxson does not believe in achieving dreams and goals through hard work and diligence. In his mind, he believes that the only way his son could make it in life is by obtaining a football scholarship. It is surprising that after an investor began to show interest in his son’s football career, he decided to let him off football and limit his dream. There is a huge irony in these two modes of thinking where the American dream is not likely to be achieved as the patriarchs do not consider the variability of success in America which is often a product of serendipity, hard work, and taking advantage of opportunities. References Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is on pages 221-286. August Wilson’s play Fences is on 921-967. Both are in “Volume E: Literature Since 1945,” the third of our three textbooks.
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For instance, there are treaty rights that the aboriginal people are supposed to enjoy in the course of interacting with the Canadian government. Social justice can only be propagated when the basic treaties between the aboriginal people and the government are followed to the letter. Solemn legal obligations are usually invoked when fundamental treaties are not honored. It is also possible to attain positive outcomes and reconciliation when a diplomatic approach is used during treaty negotiations. It may not be necessary at all for the Crown to act in an authoritative manner. In other words, negotiations should be carried out in good faith. There are also other vital roles that the Crown should perform. For instance, it is supposed to guide the First Nation people. Although the author asserts that accommodation policies can be used by the Crown during the consultation, there is need to adopt quite a several basic tenets that can be used as guiding principles in the course of treaty formation. Reconciliation, recognition, and respect are some of the key values that ought to be embraced by both parties. Also, rigorous dispute resolution processes and joint decision making should be adopted when treaties are being formed. Such comprehensive processes will indeed offer an opportunity for the aboriginal people to obtain fair hearings and subsequent consideration. It is interesting to note that legal principles have been established by the courts. Even the Supreme Court has taken a leading role in providing the necessary legislative interpretations, especially in favor of the First Nation people. The latter has made it possible to enforce the obligations of the Crown. The importance of negotiated solutions and reconciliation has been stressed by the court system. This explains why an empowered judiciary can perform vital tasks if it does not resort to activism in courtrooms. All the disputes arising from the treaty rights are addressed at the lower judiciary levels quite effectively. There are limited cases when the Supreme Court is engaged in resolving high-level disputes. Crown decisions should be made based on aboriginal rights. The First Nation people should be given a chance to air their views and concerns. As much as such chances may exist, it can only be prudent for the Crown to facilitate legal assistance to the First Nation people. The dispute over resources such as land and cultural heritage of the aboriginal people are some of the areas of interest that the aboriginal people need to be assisted. The cultural wellbeing of this group has been eroded for a long time. The group has faced little regard from the Crown government. Some of the government departments formed to resolve pending issues have not been very effective in articulating their concerns. The fiduciary relationship with the aboriginal people is a core determinant in the operations of the Canadian government. However, such an approach may not be sustainable since government affairs should run without interruption in spite of the relationship between the two entities. The Crown should stick to its governance duties without putting the poor relationship into consideration. Also, it is prudent to recognize the input of INAC towards enhancing a cordial relationship between the Crown and the aboriginal people.
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In addition, the patient seems to be symptomatic. The most presenting complaints include lateral recess stenosis and disk herniation, resulting in repeated instances of back pain, which worsens with activity but subsides with rest. According to the presentations compiled by Souza (2005), particularly the signs of stenosis, pain at the L4 or L5 joints, and the age factor, this may be a classical case of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Cause With the progression in age, bones, joints, and tendons supporting the spine tend to weaken and are no longer capable of embracing the spinal column in alignment (Yadla, 2008). As the facet joints (L4 or L5) age, they, on most occasions, become inept and permit too much flexion (the act of allowing the spine to bend forwards), giving rise to a situation where one vertebral body slips forwards onto the other (Yochum & Rowe, 1996). Evaluation The patient experience elevated levels of back pain when a one-legged balance test is performed on her. According to Souza (2005), this physical examination test involves requesting the patient to balance on one leg and hyperextend at the lumbar area. Radiological evaluation reveals a slippage of the vertebrae of two-fourths the AP length, implying that the condition is at grade 2. Souza (2005) observes that “…each slip of one-forth the length of the anterior to the posterior body is considered a grade” (p. 60). Lastly, the patient is female and over 60 years old. Yochum & Rowe (1996) note that degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis is three times more common in old women than in old men Management Physical/manipulative therapy involving stretching and strengthening coupled with a proactive aerobics program, such as biking or undertaking water exercises, may offer the much-needed reprieve (Yadla, 2008) Since the condition is at Level 2, there is no need for surgical consultation (Souza, 2005), therefore allopathic medicine can only prescribe epidural steroids for short-term relief. Thoracic Compression Fracture Classic Presentation The patient, a male of 77 years, presents with mid-back pain, particularly after engaging in minor events such as coughing or sneezing. Spine experts reveal that this type of disorder affects the thoracic spine, which forms the back of the chest wall, and “…consists of 12 vertebras, 10 of which have ribs attached, intervertebral discs separating each vertebra, supporting soft tissue, and twelve thoracic nerves” (PainDoctor.com, 2010 para. 2). Cause According to Souza (2005), the fracture may be caused by weakness in bones, sufficient trauma to a bone, early menopause, sustained usage of corticosteroids, and hyperthyroidism. The risk factors include the age of 40 years or greater; history of injury and/or deformities; poor posture; heavy physical work, and; lack of exercise (PainDoctor.com, 2010). Evaluation When medical history is evaluated, evidence demonstrates that “…long-term corticosteroid use or age greater than 70 years is suggestive of a compression fracture in patients with thoracic or lumbar complaints” (Souza, 2005 p. 100). Upon physical examination, the patient experience acute pain when deep pressure is placed over the involved vertebral area. Radiographic images will characteristically reveal “… wedge-shaped defect, with the anterior height being lower than the posterior” (PainDoctor.com, 2010). Management This is a chiropractic case. In addition to encouraging the patient to avoid flexion exercises, a restrictive corset may be placed over the involved region to remind the patient not to bow forward or engage in making abrupt movements (Souza, 2005). In terms of Allopathic medicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used for short-term relief. Rheumatoid Arthritis Classic Presentation The patient, a female of 52 years, presents with acute pain emanating from the hip coupled with periarticular soft tissue swelling, muscle pain, stiffness, fatigue, and flu-like symptoms. Souza (2005) observes that the presentation of pain over the hip may sometimes be bilateral. Cause According to Souza (2005), “…the cause is a synovial inflammatory process that creates a destructive pant” (p. 313). While genetic composition and a weak immune system do not cause rheumatoid arthritis, they can make individuals progressively more vulnerable to the environmental factors believed to either cause or exacerbate the condition. Evaluation Radiographic evaluation reveals consistent, symmetric joint space attenuation superiorly, which may over time become bilateral, leading to other negative conditions such as subchondral cysts and osseous destruction (Souza, 2005). According to this author, laboratory evaluations may reveal “…elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a positive rheumatoid factor” (p. 313). Physical examination may reveal enlarged liver and/or spleen, joint swelling and redness, and joint tenderness (Yochum & Lowe, 1996). Management Depending on the scope of severity, rheumatoid arthritis may either be a chiropractic case or a medical referral. For less acute cases, a chiropractor may perform physical therapy, warm compresses, encourage the patient to engage in mild, passive movements to maintain hip motion and reduce tenderness and swelling (Souza, 2005). For acute cases, as is witnessed here, allopathic medicine can be used to prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, interleukin receptor inhibitors, immunomodulators, or, in extreme cases, prescribe joint replacement surgery. Reference List PainDoctor.com. (2010). Thoracic Pain (Mid-Back Pain). Web. Souza, T.A. (2005). Differential diagnosis and management for the chiropractor: Protocols and Algorithms , 3 rd Ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Yadla, S. (2008). Degenerative Lumber Spondylolisthesis . Web. Yochum, T.R., & Rowe, L.J. (1996). Essentials of skeletal radiology, volume 1 . Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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Description of the Human Auditory System Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Parts of the ear and their functions 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction How do we hear sounds from the atmosphere? Every living organism has a way of hearing sound. Some of the animals do not have ears but can still respond to sound. The auditory canal might be different from one organism to the other. Dogs can hear sounds that are of high frequencies that the human ear cannot perceive. Snakes might not have ears, but they still have a way of sensing the movement of sound through vibrations. The human ear works the same way as those of the other primates. It is no wonder that experiments regarding the human auditory system are carried out on primates. The auditory system in humans is very important in relaying pieces of information from one person to another (Abbas, 1993). This facilitates communication amongst humans. Apart from this function, the human ear can act as a warning mechanism when there is danger. One can hear a siren and or a horn and will react in a way to avoid an accident. The auditory system not only serves as an earring aid but also acts as a balancing mechanism that allows humans to walk upright. Damage to the inner ear would cause one to lose a sense of balance. These elements of the ear show how important the auditory system is to humans. Parts of the ear and their functions Listening to soft music can be soothing to the ear but how does the ear decode the sound wave from the stereo into music? In trying to understand this, we must look at the components that constitute the human auditory system (the ear). It is important to understand that a system consists of different parts that perform different functions; that is targeted to achieve a certain goal. The human auditory system is complex and to understand it you have to look at the various parts of the ear and understand the various functions they perform. The outer part of the ear is the pinna also referred to as concha. This directs all the sounds into another part of the ear called the canal. The pinna is the flap of cartilage covered by skin, found on either side of the head. It acts as a satellite, capturing sound waves from all corners. It can locate the direction the sound is coming from; that is why one can tell where a certain sound is coming from. Sounds reach the ear at different times; if a sound comes from the left side of the ear, the left ear will pick it first before the right ear. The delay in picking up the signal is referred to as a phase. When the sound signal is loud on the right side, the left ear will receive a slightly lower level of sound. The sound waves are channeled down the ear canal as compressed waves. Decoding of this sound takes place at different levels within the ear. The ear canal follows immediately after the pinna. It is a cavity that resonates with the sound waves from the pinna to the middle ear. From the ear canal, the sound travels to the eardrum also called the timpanic membrane. Adjacent to the eardrum is the malleus and incus which vibrate at intervals to transmit the sound wave to the cochlea. The cochlea nucleus is used to clarify the signal of the sound produced. The cochlea is a coil-like structure within the ear. The cochlea contains fluid that vibrates with the sound waves as it receives it. Within the cochlea is another membrane called the basilar, which acts as an analyzer breaking down the sound into frequencies. The membrane is tapered and has variations in its thickness (Gardner, 1973). The basilar membrane will vibrate at different points within its thickness to give different frequencies depending on. Introducing new sounds while the first sound is still resonating will cause a phenomenon called spectral masking; this makes it difficult to hear the subsequent sounds. On the other hand, the superior olivary is used to measure the sources of sound and measures the inter-aural time delays between the two ears (Billow, 2003). The basilar membrane does not detect the sound waves on its own; it gets help from the countless hair cells lining the membrane. Although there are different kinds of hair cells the most important ones are the inner and outer cells. The inner cells convert the sound waves they receive into neural impulses, transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve. The response of each cell is random and depends on the movement of the basilar membrane. The inner hair cells will continue working even if there is no sound wave coming in (Graff, 2009). The outer cells are also found within the basilar membrane. Their work is to receive the signal from the brain. The outer and inner hairs work together in unison to make sense of the sound and also to detect the loudness of the sound being transmitted. Conclusion Even though we have some information about how the ear works, more studies need to be carried out to give more information as to what goes on in the ears. References Abbas, P. J. (1993). “Physiology of the auditory system.” Otolaryngology-Head and neck surgery . St.Louis, Mosby: Journal of the acoustic society of America . Billow, O. K. (2003). The Auditory System: The Internal Functions of the Ear . New York, NY: Craft medical Learning. Gardner, M. B. (1973). Problems of localization in the Medium plane: Effects of the Pinnae Cavity Occlusion. Illinois: Professional Educational International. Graff, N. L. (2009). The Human Ear: How Do We Hear? Maryland: Jones & Barlett Learning.
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Practice-Related and Unrelated Diversification Strategies Essay Firms practice-related and unrelated diversification strategies. Related businesses are those with similar or related core value chains, while unrelated businesses have dissimilar core value chains. Companies prefer related diversification so that they can transfer important company expertise or employee technical know-how and other organizational capabilities. They can merge several businesses into one operation, or make use of the popularity of one brand to influence customer’s perception of a related product. Related diversification can create “cross-business collaboration” to strengthen business capabilities (David, 2011, p. 143). Some businesses disregard diversification because they find it hard to manage different activities. An example of related diversification is Google’s strategy as a search engine and an advertising firm. J. M. Smuckers & Co., with its business of jam, peanut butter & oil, acquired Folger’s coffee business. Unrelated diversification focuses on businesses’ capability and their “excellent financial performance” (David, 2011, p. 144), rather than on value chain strategies. Companies in this category look for portfolio firms with higher ROI. Portfolio diversification is a significant way of addressing risk and uncertainty in the investment environment. Companies invest in direct properties and look for firms with good portfolios using quantitative techniques (Olaleye, Aluko, & Oloyede, 2008). Analysts using this kind of technique require some statistics. References David, F. (2011). Strategic management: Concepts and cases (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Olaleye, A., Aluko, B., & Oloyede, S. (2008). Evaluating diversification strategies for direct property investment portfolios. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management, 14 (3), 223-231. Web.
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Petroleum Exploration and Production Risk Analysis Report There is no use denying the fact that the sphere of petroleum engineering is one of the most topical and important nowadays (Beattie, n.d.). It is possible to say that new investments into this sphere will be made and a great number of different companies will try to obtain benefit and become influential. However, this business is also connected with a great risk as companies, which work in this sphere, can lose their money and even become bankrupts. To become prosperous and save its funds any company which deals with this sphere should answer several important questions which will help it to obtain the clear image of a new project. First of all, the size and perspectives of a new business should be analyzed. Moreover, it is necessary to determine what potential stakeholders can be involved in the issue and what the expected level of incomes is (Suslick, Schiozer, & Rebelo-Rodriguez, 2009). All these steps are known as risk analysis. A company has to take into account all factors which influence the issue and all potential actors which could either prevent or help a company in the development of a new project ( Business pulse: oil and gas n.d). Taking into account the main conditions of the project, it should be said that the most risky issue will be connected with its financial aspect. That is why, this sphere should be analyzed precisely. The thing is that there are certain uncertainties which make the work of a company more complicated. First of all, oscillations in the price of oil, which are rather hard to predict, are important. The price of the project can become higher than the expected incomes. Additionally, the cost of equipment, its exploitation and delivery should also be taken into account. All these factors influence the process of decision making greatly and should obviously be taken into account. That is why, such remedy as decision tree could be created for a company to be able to analyze all advantages and disadvantages of the issue and make a certain conclusion. The following decision tree can be suggested for the given project. Should we invest in this project? Having analyzed the given decision tree, it is possible to state the fact that there are some factors which could be taken as the evidence of success and will obviously lead to the further development of the project. At the same time, great financial risks and absence of a certain perspective of the development of the project combined with a strong rivalry and unstable situation on the market can be taken as obvious signs of vague chances of the whole issue and can lead to disastrous results. Reference List Beattie, A n.d., 5 Biggest Risks Faced By Oil And Gas Companies . Web. Business pulse: oil and gas n.d. Web. Suslick S, Schiozer D, & Rebelo-Rodriguez, M 2009, ‘Uncertainty and Risk Analysis in Petroleum Exploration and Production’ . TERRÆ, vol. 6, no.1, pp. 30-41. Web.
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Such aspects as patients’ security and comfort should be combined with nurses’ ability to monitor patients and deliver proper and timely care. In this case, the introduction of intelligent technology allows hospitals to combine these elements. The video The ICU at the 2014 Intelligent Hospital™ Pavilion describes some devices that can be used in the ICU settings. It is necessary to outline the advantages and possible concerns of this equipment to see whether it should be used in a hospital. The first technology presented in the video is eGlass – a switchable privacy glass that can be turned on and off remotely (Intelligent Hospital TV, 2014). It functions in the same way as curtains, giving the patient the needed privacy. However, while curtains have to be changed and can only be moved manually, eGlass is easy to clean and switch on and off. The benefits of this glass also include various ways of operating, as it can be turned on with motion lights. On the other hand, the main drawback of this device is its reliance on electricity. Power shortages or malfunctions can leave the patient exposed to or hidden from the staff’s view. Nevertheless, I think that this piece of equipment is an excellent addition to a hospital room. The next introduced technology deals with specimens, medications, and products’ delivery from and into the room. The pneumatic tube system transports specimens from the room to the laboratory and helps the staff to monitor their location. This equipment eliminates the possibility of human mistakes due to nurses’ miscommunication and gives them instant access to all necessary data. The drawback of the system is its security. Some people without authorization may try to access the device, but it is protected with passwords. I would use the pneumatic tube as it gives nurses more time for other tasks and uses a centralized system to reduce the possibility of a human mistake. The problem of miscommunication can be further reduced with a bedside array that combines the information from all medical equipment in the room and delivers it to nurses along with the current state of the patient and his or her room’s live view (Intelligent Hospital TV, 2014). The system is usually connected with another piece of intelligent technology – the bedside sonogram machine, which measures all required data such as blood pressure and heart rate. According to Portela et al. (2014), such systems can help nurses to make decisions in pressing situations quickly as they provide access to all pertinent information. The possibility of the malfunction is a problem that should be noted. Also, the staff should be adequately trained to use the equipment. Nevertheless, I would recommend these systems as they reduce nurses’ workload and provide some safety for patients. Finally, the administration of drugs is another area of healthcare where nurses’ mistakes may significantly affect the patient’s health. To eliminate this problem, one can utilize a dosing monitoring system that automatically establishes the needed dosage of medication and prevents the patient from receiving the wrong amount of drugs. As Pirinen et al. (2015) note, the process of drug administration is often long and complicated which raises the possibility of errors. Therefore, such a system, although it also can malfunction or be tampered with, provides an easy solution for these problems. I would use this device given that the staff is appropriately trained. All in all, intelligent systems allow nurses to gather all necessary information in one place and allocate more time to other important tasks. Patients, on the other hand, can feel as though their hospital is equipped with the latest and safest technology. Upon reviewing the systems, I would suggest implementing the described equipment as its advantages are significant while its drawbacks can be minimized with training and stable energy sources. References Intelligent Hospital TV. (2014). The ICU at the 2014 Intelligent Hospital™ pavilion . Web. Pirinen, H., Kauhanen, L., Danielsson-Ojala, R., Lilius, J., Tuominen, I., Díaz Rodríguez, N., & Salanterä, S. (2015). Registered nurses’ experiences with the medication administration process. Advances in Nursing , 2015 , 1-10. Portela, F., Gago, P., Santos, M., Machado, J. M., Abelha, A., Silva, Á., & Rua, F. (2014). Pervasive real-time intelligent system for tracking critical events with intensive care patients. IJHISI-International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics , 8 (4), 1-16.
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Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction The article under review is “Consumer Behavior in Online Shopping: A Study of Aizawl” by Amit Kumar Singh and Malsawmi Sailo. It was written in 2013 to describe the trends of Internet commerce that characterize the Aizawl region. While the article effectively utilizes the authors’ credibility, the relevance of the research, structure, organization, and illustrative material, other aspects like misapplied methodology and lack of convincing evidence appear to be unsuccessful and need improvement. Main body The article explores the behaviors and attitudes towards online shopping among citizens of Aizwal, India. The journal’s purpose is to discover the trend in e-shopping from customers’ perspective to apply the information in Internet retailing. The intended audience of the article is the companies that practice e-commerce. The authors use the survey research method and primary data collected via questionnaire from the sample of 30 respondents of various ages, professional backgrounds, and incomes to examine their preferences in online shopping. The main findings suggest that young people with stable income buy products online more frequently due to convenience and price-efficiency. The article shows the effective use of credibility of the authors, appropriate structure and organization, regional relevance of the cited literature, and functional illustrative material. The authors appear believable because the article mentions their professional background, as well as contact information. Both authors’ scientific and business work-related expertise fits the topic of the research. The structure and organization of the report follow the generally accepted format, which makes the information understandable. Additionally, the sources used in the literature review apply to the explored region. As it concerns the use of graphs and illustrations, they are successfully employed to aid a reader in understanding the findings in a bigger context. However, the problematic aspects of the research are informal language, inadequate methodology, and use of evidence, as well as lack of credibility in cited studies. Firstly, the language and the tone are overtly informal, with a prevalence of typos. For instance, the authors misspell “PayPal” as “papal” and use personal pronouns like “us” and “we” throughout the text (Singh and Sailo 3). Most of the studies included in the literature review section are not reliable since they are too old to identify the current situation of online shopping correctly. Furthermore, their description is not concrete enough to relate to the given context. The literature review lacks specificity; for instance, the authors indicate “four different customer groups” without actually giving any particular description (Singh and Sailo 3). As it concerns the “Analysis and Interpretation” section, the data is inspected in a linear, oversimplified manner that lacks insight into Internet purchasing behavior. The article can be improved by giving more credible information and practicing a different way of analyzing the data. Similar research on the topic of Internet shopping behavior done by Divyendu et al. has used relevant studies that apply not only to the region but also the period. All of the studies in the literature review section have been published within five years, making them appropriate evidence for the given context (Divyendu et al. 1106). If the report had included writing that is similar to the example above, fitting both geographically and time-wise, the evidence would have appeared more credible. Additionally, interpreting the findings differently would support the proof and make it more well-rounded and extensive. Similar to the article done by Ahmad, the qualitative data could be analyzed from more than two perspectives to answer the research question in more detail (18). For example, the frequency of online purchase graph could also show how many regular online customers fit the 18-to-25 age category. This cross-sectional research approach would help to discover more Internet purchasing trends. Conclusion In conclusion, the article “Consumer Behavior in Online Shopping: A Study of Aizawl” by Singh and Sailo shows the effective use of some aspects of the research. However, significant elements need improvement to fulfill the purpose of the study and communicate appropriate ideas. By using more suitable information and showing an extensive correlation of the qualitative data, the evidence will become more credible and trustworthy. References Ahmad, Mushtaq. “Online Shopping Behavior Among University Students: Case Study Of Must University.” Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal , vol. 5, no. 4, 2018, pp. 1-25. Divyendu, Siddharth Raj et al. “Online or Offline Shopping: Factors That Determine Customer Behavior.” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology , vol. 6, no. 11, 2019, pp. 1105–1110. Singh, Amit Kumar, and Malsawmi Sailo. “Consumer Behavior in Online Shopping: A Study of Aizawl.” International Journal of Business & Management Research , vol. 1, no. 3, 2013, pp. 1-5.
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Canadian Political Party System Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Canadian Political Parties System 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Political parties in Canada play a central role in Canadian governance and democracy; it is a critical link between the state and the society. According to the Canada Elections Act, a political party is “an organization with a fundamental purpose of participating in the public affairs through the endorsement of one of its members as a candidate to vie in an election exercise” (Thorburn 389). A political party in Canada should fulfill some set conditions, for example; it should nominate a candidate in at least one electoral district, and it should have at least 250 members or electors (Thorburn 389). Conservatives and the liberals dominate the political system in Canada hence Canada is a multiparty state. The dominance that has been enjoyed by the liberals and the conservatives has been eroded by the emergence of other political parties, which have taken regional lines and are defined by their policies and ideologies. Canadian Political Parties System Canadian political parties are not representative, and they do not wholly represent the members of political parties. This is because only a small population of Canadians forms membership of political parties. Canadian states and society are home to various ethnic groups, races and people of diverse background hence political parties that seek to acquire political power have no choice but to allow themselves to be governed and guided by the social diversity and to establish representation between these various groups and interests. Political parties are responsible for maintaining the strength of unity and diversity of the country. Canadian political system lacks an organized and a centralized authority, and they are devoid of permanent members. These political parties are run as franchise-style organizations where a team of activists and parochially oriented party organizations of volunteers run their own affairs. The parties are not representative of the interest of the citizens because they are driven by parochial interests of religious or ethnic nature. The inclusiveness of political parties does not extend to nomination of candidates to political parties. Political parties in Canada have been overtly monopolized by a clique of people (Thorburn 370). The party system in Canada has always been questionable because the voters do not identify with the existing political parties. This has led to the decline in voter turnout during elections. This is the reason why the Canadian Alliance, the Canadian Action Party and others have called for the increase in the participation of all the citizens in the political activities of political parties. Parliamentary caucus of the political parties has been considered as unrepresentative of the whole nation not even the representative of their own voters. Political parties have always been fragmented. Parties have been formed to represent the interests of particular group or region of the country (Canadian Encyclopedia 1). The Canadian political parties have not been effective in the study and articulation of political parties and do not provide the voters with a meaningful chance to participate in the decision-making process. The political parties have only been regarded as electoral machines but do not have any role on policy development. Conclusion Political parties should be representative of the citizens and not only to the activist base. Canadian political parties have only been responding to and representative of special-interest groups. Canadian parties can only be inclusive if they serve the interests of the people and through their elected representatives. Works Cited Canadian Encyclopedia. Party System . The Canadian Encyclopedia, 2012. Web.< https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/party-system > Thorburn, Hugh. Party Politics in Canada . Toronto: Prentice Hall, 2002. Print.
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Women as an Object of Art in Different Epochs Term Paper There’s no doubt that art commenced with the beginning of the world. During the centuries people of all nations have been making their contribution to the world treasury of culture, which was cherished and passed down from generation to generation. Certainly, there were periods when blinded by rage and hostility to each other nations forgot about their initial purpose to aspire to ideal, to make the world around better. Despite all these obstacles on the road of culture, it still withstood and continues to spread its sprouts all over the globe. It’s noteworthy that all the national cultures have their own unique matchless culture but together they interweave into one inseparable unity that defines the meaning and the essence of humanity. Moreover, during all history the art, as an indispensable part of the culture, has been manifold in its form and expression, advancing further with every step it took. Still, it leaves enormous room for the creation and implementation of your fantasy into the masterpieces for every artist. In this paper I would like to concentrate on two paintings of women coming from different periods and painted by different artists, to single out the similarities and discrepancies between them. These pictures are The Virgin Adoring the Host , 1852 by French painter Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and Young Woman with a Pink ca. 1485–90, attributed to Netherlandish painter Hans Memling (“The Virgin Adoring the Host”; “Young Woman with a Pink”). Let’s first dwell upon the picture by Hans Memling painted with oils on wood. In the foreground, the woman holding a flower is depicted. She’s not looking straight from the portrait but slightly leaning her head to the left side. The woman is a genuine representative of her century. Her wide-open high forehead testifies to her medieval origin. She’s dressed in a reddish velvet dress with brown and orange tints; her head is covered with a black headscarf only slightly uncovering her brown hair. In the background, we can see green meadow and trees in the opening of the arch and the curtain that twisting around the arm of the woman becoming almost transparent close to her figure. In the picture by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, three figures are depicted but I’ll concentrate on the women-centered in the foreground and so becoming the core of the composition. This painting presents the biblical scene with 3 saints standing by the window waiting for the host. The woman is dressed in a sky-blue tunic with gold yellow fringe and a red gown under it. Similar to the woman in the first picture the saint woman’s head is also covered with cloth but in this picture, the cloth is bright blue. Besides, the woman’s got a halo over her head which indicates her origin. She’s brought her hands to her face in anticipation and looks down presumably to the road so that it immediately involves the reader into the sensation of the expectation of a welcome visitor. As far as the technique is concerned they are a world apart. The first thing that catches the eye is the disproportionate figure of the woman with a flower. Due to the fact that the painters did not pay much attention to the proportions, the head of the woman seems much larger than it should be as well as the figure that appears to be a little flat. As opposed to the women in the first picture the saint woman is presented according to all rules of anatomy. Comparing the way the hands of the women have painted the hands of the saint women are all shades of pinkish and whitish, very natural and true-to-life, whereas the hands of the woman with a flower seem to be too fragile lanky, and unnatural with its brownish skin. Perceiving all the compositions of the second picture, we become aware that Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres is a great master of chiaroscuro. The saint woman stands out sharply against the background her face and clothes glowering as if she’s poured with light. Besides, the painter pays much attention to every minute detail and fold of the clothes so that it gives the impression of mobility, and the next second you expect to hear the rustle of the tunic. As for the first picture the colors are restrained: the trees are green, the meadow is green and yellow, and the arch is brown. All these factors show that the artist belongs to the classical school. The painting itself presents a motionless picture which in contrast to the picture with saints reveals the huge advance that the artists achieved during the development of the arts. Works Cited “The Virgin Adoring the Host”. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Official site, 2008. Web. “Young Woman with a Pink”. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Official site, 2007. Web.
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Environmental Tragedy of Love Canal, New York Report (Assessment) The problem of toxic sites remains unresolved for the United States despite the efforts made to manage the issue. Furthermore, mistakes made in the process of waste disposal affect multiple generations, causing massive changes in the environment and leading to the detriment of public health levels. However, of all the characteristics by which the problem can be described, the fact that its effects cannot be isolated is the most devastating one (Singh 889). By setting clear standards of waste disposal, transparency, and responsibility for companies that produce toxic waste, one will avoid similar instances that have a deleterious effect on public health on local and global levels. The introduction of measures aimed at reducing the number of toxic sites and removing the existing ones as far from residential areas as possible is one of the possible solutions to the issue. Although it does not mitigate the effects that toxic sites have on the environment, health problems such as congenital disabilities and chronic diseases can be adequately managed (Fazzo et al. 107). The proposed change will require shaping the existing standards for waste management and introducing the tools for decontamination of areas that are close to residential ones. The current standards for waste management, in turn, will have to become more rigid and demand greater caution and care from organizations that produce and manage toxic waste. By creating rigid guidelines for transparency and clarity concerning the processes of waste disposal, as well as updating the policies concerning the management of toxic waste, one will be able to prevent situations such as the Love Canal tragedy from happening in the future. As the tragedy of the Love Canal has shown, remaining honest and open about a company’s policies allows preventing an ecological catastrophe, which is why standards for toxic waste management have to be adhered to and shaped respectively. Works Cited Fazzo, L., et al. “Hazardous Waste and Health Impact: A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature.” Environmental Health , vol. 16, no. 1, 2017, pp. 107-127. Singh, Kalpana. “E-Waste Management and Public Health: A Scenario of Indian Cities.” International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology , vol. 2, no. 3, 2016, pp. 887-890.
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Correctional Facilities and Their Roles Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Roles of Correctional Psychologists 3. Careers in Correctional Psychology 4. Goals of Incarceration 5. Challenges affecting Correctional Psychologists 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction Various countries usually have correctional facilities and they always used in helping individuals change their attitudes and behavior. They are always aimed at making the convicted people productive members of the society. Some of the common correctional facilities include jails, lockups, and prisons. In addition to these facilities, rehabilitation centers for drug addicts and destitute children are also part of correctional facilities (Fagan, 2002). The Roles of Correctional Psychologists Psychologists serving in correctional facilities always perform many duties and we can describe them as follows. They always offer therapeutic interventions to clients who have been experiencing problems related to psychological disorders. This can help such convicts to improve their behavior. Secondly, they always carry out violence and risk evaluation to the convicts. In this case they examine a client and then they apply a given model of therapy for the treatment of the client (Fagan, 2002). The response of the client is then closely monitored. In addition to the normal duties given to the correctional psychologists, they are now being trained to give medical prescriptions to the clients. The use of medical prescriptions can make the correction process more effective. Careers in Correctional Psychology Correctional psychology has quite a good number of job opportunities for clinical psychology practitioners and they include the following. Psychologists who have vast experiences and qualifications can serve as chief psychologists in correctional facilities. In this case they oversee the management of the clients and they can also be consulted if there is a serious problem. We also have clinical psychologists who conduct counseling services to clients (Meyer, 2005). They interact with the clients regularly in order to assess their response to therapy. Goals of Incarceration Incarceration refers to “the detention of a person in jail, typically as punishment for a crime” (Lowman, 2006). An individual can be incarcerated if he or she is convicted or suspected of having committed a certain crime. People are always incarcerated because of the following reasons. It is always done to discourage other people from engaging in criminal activities. It serves as punishment to those who break the law. It quarantines criminals hence they cannot have the chance to engage in more offences. Apart from these measures, incarceration also helps in rehabilitating the convicts and this enables them to become responsible and productive citizens. The nature and the terms of incarceration always vary depending on the type of crime committed (Meyer, 2005). Challenges affecting Correctional Psychologists Correctional psychologists normally experience myriad challenges in their activities and they can be briefly explained this way. Most of the correctional facilities lack the necessary resources and facilities to support the surging number of mentally ill incarcerated individuals. For example there are few hired psychologists in the correction facilities due lack of proper funding by the government. This has led to poor working conditions among the correctional psychologists (Lowman, 2006). They also find it difficult gather information about the clients who in most cases are always very conservative about their past behaviors. This information is always important because it is what dictates the type of evaluation and therapy to be used on a client. Most of the correctional psychologists are also not aware of the ethical requirements in their jobs. Last but more importantly, is the challenge of how to develop a good working relationship with the clients (Lowman, 2006). For counseling to be effective there must be a good environment and mutual relationship between the client and the counselor. Conclusion Owing to the poor state of most correctional facilities, most of the incarcerated individuals always end up being adapted to the bad conditions. They therefore become unreceptive to the correction measures provided. This has culminated to the repetition of vices by criminals ones they are freed. It is therefore necessary for those institutions to be rehabilitated before they can serve the purpose of rehabilitating the criminals. References Fagan, T. (2002). Correctinal mental health hand book. New York: Sage. Lowman, R. (2006). The ethical practice of psychology in organizations. Boston: American Psychological Association. Meyer, R. (2005). Law and mental health: a case- based approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
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A Discussion on the Effects of Geography & Climate on Arab Seafaring Essay The assigned reading demonstrates how history is filled with various accounts of man’s conquest at the sea. Through the act of piercing together various evidentiary accounts dating back to prehistoric times, the reading brings into the limelight some of the factors that came into play to favor the development of sailing in the Arabian shores and beyond. The present paper relies on the reading to demonstrate how geography and climate favored the development of Arab seafaring. In terms of geographical orientation, it can be argued that Arab seafaring benefited a great deal by virtue of the Arabian physical location at the crossroads of important commerce routes that not only necessitated oriental trade with the Mediterranean world but also ensured easy flow of goods via the Arabian Peninsula, the Gulf of Suez and the Persian Gulf. It is clear from the reading that owing to its physical location at the epicenter of these natural waterways, that Arabian commerce with neighboring countries was invited to the west by the long shores of Northeast Africa and to the Northeast by the long shores of Iran. Additionally, owing to its physical location, the Arab world was in direct contact with some of the most ancient centers of wealth and civilization, including Egypt, Iran, and Mesopotamia, implying that more commerce passed its way as goods were being transported from these centers to far away countries such as China and India. Wares from China and India also passed through the Arab world into these centers because Arabs had easy access to the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean. The Arab world also benefitted substantially from the Red Sea, the Nile, the Euphrates and the Tigris, which were natural channels that could be used for through traffic of goods between the Mediterranean basin and Eastern Asia. These geographical factors favored the development and growth of Arab seafaring. In terms of climate, it can be argued that Arab seafaring benefited a great deal from the monsoon winds, which, according to the reading, assisted voyages both to Africa and to India. However, it should be noted that Arab ships could not stand the vigor of the southwest monsoon winds which started in July and terminated in October due to the fact that the boats were made of skins and hollowed coconut trunks, not mentioning that they were sewn with stitches of coconut fiber instead of being secured with large iron nails as was the case with Greek ships. Additionally, it is imperative to mention that the Persian Gulf not only lacked craftsmen to build strong ships, but the area produced little suitable timber for shipbuilding, necessitating Arab seafarers to build their boats from coconut trunks that could easily fall apart in high seas. Consequently, owing to the unstable shape of the Arab ships as explained above, the reading suggests that Arab seafarers used the northeast monsoon to sail to countries such as India as it was not as vigorous as the southwest monsoon. All the same, it is evident that Arab seafarers benefitted a great deal from the monsoon winds as they later employed the services of the Phoenicians to build strong ships from timber fetched from Nineveh. These new ships could withstand the strong southwest monsoon winds to directly sail from Arabia to India and then return in winter using the northeast monsoon winds.
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According to the existing definitions, the terms below can be interpreted in the following way: * A spire is a sharp pointy element at the top of a building * Reflective may be interpreted in several ways:thoughtful; able to reflect * Recreation facilities mean places to have rest and fun on * To enable means to make something capable of something * Inauguration can be defined as the opening ceremony. * Residential is the one in which a person can live (as opposed to the place where office premises re located). * A sky lobby is the hall of a skyscraper. What the Terms Refer to * The terms and words highlighted in the paper refer to the following words: * “Measuring” refers to the Dubai Burj Khalifa and denotes its height. * “Situated” refers to the Dubai Burj Khalifa and denotes its position. * “Designed” refers to the Dubai Burj Khalifa (impressive skyscraper). * “Which” refers to 162 floors. * “This” refers to the fact that Burj was built for residential purposes; i.e., “this fact.” * “Its” (parking spaces and elevators) refers to the Dubai Burj Khalifa. * “Its” (exterior) refers to the Dubai Burj Khalifa. * “These” refers to reflective glass panels of the Burj Khalifa. Concerning Three Main Ideas The paper incorporates several key ideas. Three of them are described below. Location and dimensions of the Burj Khalifa Starting, appropriately enough, with the description of the place in which the Burj Khalifa located, the author of the article provides not only a brief mentioning of the specifics of the area, such as the man-made lake, which the building is situated on, but also the numerical data concerning the Burj Khalifa. For instance, the author mentions that the building is 828 meters high, that its top can be spotted 95 meters away and that the building is almost twice as high as the famous New York Empire State Building, which is only 443 meters high. Therefore, it can be concluded that the first topic raised by the author is “Location and dimensions of Burj Khalifa.” Internal features of the Burj Khalifa One must admit that the author of the article provides a very detailed description of the Burj Khalifa’s interior. When reading the article, one can feel inside the Burj Khalifa. Indeed, the images of office floors, sky lobbies and swimming pools literally come to life. While the article does not mention the exterior much, only saying that it is covered with glass, the insides of the building are depicted in a very graphic manner. Materials and construction of the Burj Khalifa The author of the article also provides a very detailed description of the material, which the Burj Khalifa was made of. Therefore, the third and the final theme that the author touches upon can be referred to as “materials and construction of the Burj Khalifa.” According to what the author says, to create the building, more than 330,000 cubic meters of concrete was required. In addition, in the course of building the place, 31,400 metric tons of steel was used. As for the exterior of the building, which has also been mentioned in the article briefly, 28.261 reflective glass panels cover the walls on the outside. The author also mentions the issues that are related to the specifics of the building construction, such as the fact that 15,000 liters of water are collected from the air conditioning system annually. Later used for gardening purposes, this is quite an impressive amount of water, the author says.
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Approaching the Group Therapy Research Paper Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Group therapy is a very effective avenue in the treatment of addiction and compulsive behaviors. Through group therapy, individuals receive specialized care and support about their prevailing conditions. During group therapy, individuals relate their predicament to group members in reaching a viable solution. Group therapy involves the process of group development (Berg, 2006). This refers to various efforts towards the creation of a framework to offer support to clients. Many therapists have difficulty in the creation of groups because of numerous complexities about the undertaking. Group development requires accuracy and precision to guarantee quality services to clients (Berg, 2006). Various considerations suffice in the process of group development and formulation. The first involves the identification of the essence and rationale of the group. During this stage, the therapist must identify pertinent justifications that necessitate the formation of the group. In most cases, the main aim of forming a group is assisting clients as they strive to overcome addiction and compulsive behavior (Berg, 2006). Discussion During the second stage, the therapist identifies the relevant resources that support the endeavors of the group. A group cannot function properly devoid of vital resources. The therapist should identify such resources and possibly determine the source of the resources. Proper consolidation of resources creates an opportunity for the proper functioning of the group. The third stage involves the creation of a specific organizational framework for the group. The proper organization complements group efforts and enhances efficiency in the delivery of services within the group (Berg, 2006). It also promotes the sharing of information among members. Organizing a group is necessary for the establishment of guidelines for operation within a group. During this stage of group development, the facilitator lays ground regarding issues such as time and venue of meeting as well as the duration of group meetings. The final stage involves publicizing the group. This ensures that people with needs are aware of the group’s existence (Berg, 2006). After the group commences activity, it is critical for the facilitator to ensure a high rate of retention and continuity about the participation and attendance of members. There are certain strategies that promote activity and achievement of group objectives. One such strategy is role induction, which involves the use of relevant supporting material to sensitize members about their roles regarding group activities. Vicarious pre-training uses similar materials to enhance understanding within the group. The above approaches enhance and promote rehabilitation and recovery within a group (Berg, 2006). Conclusion Group therapy is usually very effective in the treatment of addiction and compulsive behavior. The personal model offers the best approach to group therapy because it centers on a personal and effective relationship with individual members within a group (Carlbring, 2009). The model emphasizes on understanding the dynamics of personal relationships about individual members within a group. By applying cognitive behavior therapy and motivational interviewing, the facilitator can seize the opportunity to offer quality service to clients within a group. Cognitive behavior therapy and motivational interviewing accords an opportunity for the therapist to empathize and show concern to the predicament of individual group members (Berg, 2006). It is important and critical for the facilitator to understand the dynamics of various models and determine their effects on group development and functioning. This promotes the desire for rehabilitation and recovery of all members within a group. Indeed, group development is a complex undertaking. However, proper knowledge and understanding of its dynamics make it enjoyable and worthwhile (Carlbring, 2009). References Berg, R. (2006). Group Counselling: Concepts and Procedures. New York: Routledge. Carlbring, D. (2009). Group Development: Contemporary Approaches . London: CENGAGE.
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Army, Profession of Arms Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The military as a profession of arms 3. The criteria used to determine the profession of arms 4. Conclusion 5. Reference Introduction The military as a profession has been a major subject of discussion in many states due to its complexity and its mandate to the people. The world has evolved from simple forms of military technologies to complex forms of military technologies. There are various forms of lethal and dangerous military technologies in the world today. The military as a profession of arms Every state has its own meaning of the profession of arms in relation to its past military cultures and traditions. The United States for instance describes it as, ‘ A preeminent military task that embeds soldiers’ preparation to combat including preparing to kill or preparing to die as the most basic principles of the force.’ A profession usually requires a lot of skills and knowledge. America embraces professionalism in its approach to military science since it has set out the basic principles of the army in relation to its work and expertise. The main clients of the American military are the citizens of America. The military profession is perceived to be a calling rather than an occupation. The profession involves the use of lethal weapons and an undefined force for the maintenance and defense of the laws and the rights of the American people. The soldiers are supposed to shoulder the heavy burden of their sole clients. The criteria used to determine the profession of arms One of the criteria considered is expertise. This entails vast expert knowledge and the manifestation of unique skills in the various army units and command posts. Secondly, trust is important for peaceful civil relations between the military and civilians. This is also one of the basic reasons for proper and successful operations of the military since it is given the task of protecting its citizens at all costs. In order for the profession to manifest itself in concrete terms, it must have continuous development that will greatly influence its meaning and purpose through good leadership. It must embrace the various codes of ethics that are stipulated in its creed such as adaptability and resilience to service. Another criterion is the values which it must embrace for the service of its country. The past cultures and beliefs of the military form an important aspect in the modern legitimacy of the military. This helps to shape the character of the soldiers both in combat and in civilian aspects. Lastly, service is a core motto of the profession of arms since it forms the basis of the military or army in general. The army’s duty is to protect and serve the citizens of its state, maintain peace, security, protect the mandated territories, commonwealths, and possessions. The army has four modern perspectives that guide its operations which are the human development expertise of high quality service and knowledge through education and development systems, the political cultural expertise which entails the civil-military relations and media-military relations, military technical expertise which entails the employment of combat personnel, weaponry and equipments or systems, and the moral or ethical expertise(Bender,2007).The army needs to be given checks and balances through the army ethics and external relations. Conclusion The professional skills such as trust, leadership, character, and duty are the main cornerstones of the military institution. This institution should be respected by all the civilians and given provisions in the constitution in order to work effectively. Reference Bender, Bryan. Gates Calls for Buildup in Troops. Boston, USA: The Boston Globe Publishers, 2007.
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Adolescent Patient’s Right to Refuse Chemotherapy Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Minor Maturity 3. Overruling Patient Refusal 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction Cassandra’s case brings to the fore critical legal and ethical issues surrounding informed consent and competence. The patient and her mother were opposed to life-saving chemotherapy for her Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis because they considered it poisonous (Harris, 2015). Since she was 17 years old at the time, she could not legally refuse the therapy. Cassandra’s refusal to undergo chemo was overruled by the courts on grounds that she could not prove that she had the maturity to make therapeutic choices (Harris, 2015). From an ethical viewpoint, two issues stand out: minor maturity and overruling a patient’s refusal of treatment. Minor Maturity While Cassandra was a minor, patient education was needed first before commencing chemo. Additionally, an assessment of Cassandra’s knowledge of her condition, treatment options, and chemotherapy benefits and risks was necessary to determine her competence to make medical choices. Further, it is not clear if steps to address her fears and concerns were considered. Instead, the Department of Children and Families (DCF) sought custody of the patient to facilitate chemotherapy. Adult patients have exclusive informed consent rights. However, young children lack the cognitive ability to make medical decisions, hence, parents or guardians have to choose on their behalf (Hickey, 2007). However, teenagers may take exception to the claim of assumed incompetence since they are at a transitional age. Their cognitive capacity is comparable to that of adults (Hickey, 2007). Cassandra is almost 18 years and will soon have the right to make autonomous medical choices (Harris, 2015). Thus, even if her mother consented to the chemotherapy, it was only ethical to seek her approval too. It is possible her fears could be grounded in a good knowledge of the risks and benefits of the prescribed treatment. A conversation with Cassandra could have helped clarify the effects of her choices and convince her to assent. In this case, the presumed incompetence of the girl could have led to the withholding of information on treatment risks, benefits, and options, which is ethically remiss. Overruling Patient Refusal Another critical ethical issue is overruling a patient’s consent or refusal to receive treatment. Thus, despite the mother standing by her daughter’s position, the courts still chose to overrule the two. The ethical issue here is whether the chemotherapy was in the patient’s best interest to warrant decisions that went against Cassandra’s wishes. Apparently, considerations like the life-threatening nature of her illness and her maturity may have informed the decision to override the patient’s choice. However, since she had not abdicated her decision-making role, it was unethical to subject her to forced chemotherapy. The doctors strapped Cassandra to her hospital bed and implanted a port in her body for the administration of drugs in spite of her objections to the treatment (Goldschmidt, 2015). Although the state is required to protect children from danger or abuse, the DCF should have engaged the patient and mother before taking Cassandra into custody. Treatment alternatives to chemotherapy should have been explored as opposed to limiting her to only a single option. Reports indicate that although her Hodgkin lymphoma went into remission after starting the chemo, she is now confronting a new health issue – a growth in her lungs (CBS News, 2016). Thus, clearly, the level of risk of chemotherapy was not discussed with the patient, which was ethically remiss. Conclusion While Cassandra is a minor, adolescent maturity to make informed decisions has been medically ascertained (Hickey, 2007). The key ethical issues pertinent to this case include informed consent, patient competence/knowledge, choosing the 17-year-old’s best interests over her objections, and forceful treatment. Cassandra should have been left to make her medical choices. Alternatively, the state (DCF) should have addressed her concerns, knowledge gaps, and offer alternative therapies as opposed to forcing her to undergo chemo. References CBS News. (2016). Connecticut teen forced into chemo suffers new health issue. CBS News . Web. Goldschmidt, D. (2015). Connecticut teen in remission as forced chemo nears end. CNN . Web. Harris, E. A. (2015). Connecticut teenager with cancer loses court fight to refuse chemotherapy. The New York Times. Web. Hickey, K. (2007). Minors’ rights in medical decision making. JONA’S Healthcare Law, Ethics, and Regulation, 9 (3), 100-104. Web.
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Perkins (2015) states that communication at the Loblaw influences innovative and deviating period of organisational economic activities including development of technology, increasing market demand, production and workflow, investment and trade patterns, competition among the rival companies, as well as to facing the threats of global financial crisis (Perkins, 2015, par. 4). This means that ineffective communication at the Loblaw would eventually create an imbalance in the functioning of different units of an organization. In relation to the Loblaw Companies Limited, there has been a disconnect in communication between the human resources and services departments, leading to unrest among employee and customers on quality of the Joe Fresh, Grocer, and Drugmart business brands (Perkins, 2015, par. 6). In the end, this has cost the company loses in revenues due to go-slow attitude adopted by some employees. With the need to establish lean production and outsourcing, the Loblaw’s communication structure is increasingly becoming important for management of its global chains (Hammer, 2009, par. 2). Specifically, the discursive approach in explaining and exploring shared and coordinated actions on roles and channels through which organizational framework functions in the exchange of information formally is of great essence towards understanding organizational communication. Despite communication being rated as a high corporate strategy, actionable planning is of essence to create solution oriented task and strategy implementation secession, especially in the case of the Loblaw Companies Limited. In addition, this is directly dependent on interpretation and internalization of the aim and goals to be achieved when using different communication symbols. Communication is the most effective tool for employees who are co-located since it strengthens the organization. In the case of the Loblaw Companies Limited, there is need to organize the current communication structure through reports and schedules in different departments in order to coordinate and integrate their functions (Perkins, 2015, par. 5). This will make the current formal and informal communication structure to be responsive, negotiable, and reflective as indicated in chapter three of class notes. Reflectively, this will transform the speed of the entire global operation structure and the business environment to be more effective. Perkins (2015) and Hammer (2009) have reviewed the importance of organization communication structure in relation to the Loblaw Companies Limited. The authors attempted to find the effect of formal and informal communication on job satisfaction. Their findings demonstrated that there is a strong relation between formal and informal communication and job satisfaction. The results showed that that formal communication is a strong predictor of satisfaction at the Loblaw Companies Limited. Further, their research also indicates that there is a greater influence of formal communication in predicting the Loblaw’s organizational dimensions as discussed in chapter one, two, and three on the class notes. Further, their research also indicated that there is a greater influence of formal communication in predicting the Loblaw’s organizational dimensions. These articles provide an interesting insight into the relation between formal and informal communication and job satisfaction at the Loblaw Companies Limited. References Hammer, C. (2009). Loblaw is playing the no name game, will you? Web. Perkins, K. (2015). Loblaw remains a strong competitor, but increasing competition could pressure results over time . Web.
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Community Teaching Work Plan Essay Table of Contents 1. Readiness for Learning 2. Planned Evaluation of Objectives 3. Planned Evaluation of Goal 4. Planned Evaluation of Lesson and Teacher 5. References Readiness for Learning Many people living in Alamosa, Colorado have prioritized a healthy lifestyle to avoid getting diseases, such as obesity. They live under a special diet and carry out exercises to stay fit. The community needs to be informed and updated on how to avoid getting diseases such as obesity that come with various risk factors, such as heart diseases, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and sleep apnea. The community should be empowered with knowledge on the causes and effects of obesity on the human body. They should be advised on how to live a healthy lifestyle. This is the only way in which they can stay healthy and avoid getting various diseases that come with obesity. Obesity is also an expensive disease to treat. According to 2008 health statistics conducted in Alamosa, Colorado, an estimated cost of $ 29 billion was spent on medical costs to treat obese people. One-third of the population is obese with the majority being adults (Maurer & Smith 2009). These harsh statistics of those diagnosed with obesity in Alamosa County encourage many people to take control of the situation by teaching people how to live a healthy lifestyle to avoid being obese. Planned Evaluation of Objectives To evaluate effectiveness, the people of Alamosa County have to keep track of what they consume daily and ensure that they exercise daily to burn all the unnecessary fats in the body and maintain fitness. They should reduce the consumption of food high in sugars and fats but increase the consumption level of food with fiber (Levy-Navarro 2008). Follow-up calls should be conducted on the clients to ensure that they live a healthy life every single day. They will discuss how important physical exercise and proper dieting are to their health. The client should have excellent knowledge about diet quality and how it can help to reduce cholesterol levels in the body. After every month, the cholesterol level of the clients will be redrawn to check with the previous cholesterol readings. This will show whether the clients are following instructions by maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The clients should keep a record of their daily activities to enable them to save time and be organized. After one month, the activities and the effects that they have on the client’s health and wellness will be discussed (Fumento 1997). Planned Evaluation of Goal When the goals have been set, the evaluation process can be conducted to ensure positive results and effectiveness. The Alamosa community should own the program if they want the teaching plan to be successful for the entire society. They should determine how the members of the program can be involved in the lesson. Follow-up calls should be done daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly to evaluate whether the program is successful and to ensure that the clients maintain a healthy lifestyle. The clients should be given a chance to come back to the gyms to exercise after the program ends. Planned Evaluation of Lesson and Teacher Self-evaluation is important both for the teacher and the lesson. The evaluation mainly entails an understanding of the lesson. Self-evaluation will enable the teacher to know whether the program is successful or not. Educators will be able to know whether the clients clearly understand the learning objectives, whether they identify the major concepts taught during the lesson, especially physical exercise, and lastly whether their verbal information supplements the visual models by checking on their weight and cholesterol level in the body (Kolata 2007). At the end of the program, the clients can be offered a written evaluation. References Fumento, M. (1997). The Fat of the Land: Our Health Crises and How Overweight Americans Can Help Themselves . New York: Penguin Books. Kolata, G. (2007). Rethinking Thin: The new science of weight loss and the myths and realities of dieting . California: Sage Publications Inc. Levy-Navarro, E. (2008). The Culture of Obesity in Early and Late Modernity . Palgrave: Macmillan Publishers. Maurer, F. & Smith, C. (2009). Community/Public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations. St. Louis: Saunders/Elsevier.
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The Commercialization of Nanotechnology Paint Report (Assessment) Benefits of the Investment Nanotechnology paint is regarded as the next step of decoration and corrosion protection works in the industry. The development of these technologies will help to improve the entire sphere of paint-and-lacquer materials, while expansion of the retail network will help to increase the sales volumes of the nanotechnology paint, and collect feedback for further improvement of the product. Discussion on Possible Subsequent Investments “A” Investment Plan First, it should be stated that this involves at least three stages: Developing the milestones, marketing tests, and organization development. These stages involve the basic steps that should be done by owners of the company for implementing the commercialization steps. Therefore, for attracting additional investments, the owners of NanoTransform/NanoFlague will have to: * Stimulate further technical development for controlling the quality of manufacturing. * Develop products within a wide production line: commercialization needs to be focused on creating a customer-oriented product. Consequently, this should involve studying customers’ needs, and launching the manufacturing process of the corresponding product. * Analyzing financial information associated with sales, manufacturing, and supply-chain management. (Rosen, 2004) The next step is the arrangement of marketing tests. The key points of the marketing tests and analysis is the collection of the business information required (marketing environment, competitors, proper marketing strategies, business development potential), as well as the definition of the marketing environment, required for successful commercialization. This will involve promotion, product positioning, Organization development is needed for proper adjustment of the marketing structures. The possible ways of performing this step include defining the potential commercial applications, creating a promotion team, supply chain management team, and customer care management department. As for the product, organization, owners of NanoTransform/NanoFlague will have to focus on the development process, which should involve the collection of the promotion, retail, and manufacturing experience for improving the product: technological side of manufacturing, improvement of the packaging safety, implementation of quality and authenticity confirmation. Adjustment of management strategies includes the necessity to consider the arrangement of the border of directors, advisory board, recruitment plans, as well as the organizational chart. (Drake and Rhyne, 2002) “B” Investment Plan Marketing milestones development, manufacturing, and distribution, next-generation products. The most important step for successful commercialization is associated with defining the marketing strategy. First, the target market and audience should be defined. In accordance with the feasibility study, the target audience may be divided into two key segments, that owners of NanoTransform/NanoFlague technology will have to aim at: 1. Vehicle owners, manufacturers, and services (including personal, transportation and manufacturing vehicles) 2. Construction and decoration works A customer profile will be inevitably associated with these spheres: owners, manufacturers, and service providers for vehicles, and everyone who is involved in decoration and construction works. (Hufft, and Swartz, 2005) Distribution will be performed through the specialized distribution network, as there is no need to adjust a widely distributed chain, as the target audience will access it through the specific distribution channel, while the wide audience will be a supplementary source of income. The development of next-generation products will involve intensive research activity aimed at improving the chemical, physical, and structural properties of the product. In fact, this is a labor-intensive, and costly procedure, therefore, essential investments will be needed. The actual importance of this development is closely linked with the development potential of the marketing benefits; hence, investors may be interested in the increased sales volume in the case of successful development. This will involve the key principles of innovation theory: next-generation products need to be safer for the environment, more effective in use, and cheaper in production. Otherwise, the investment will be less effective. “C” Investment Plan International growth, global business plan, next-generation positions are the key steps for investing in the development of the global nanotechnology paint manufacturing network. International growth will involve the development of retail networks all over the world, while all the manufacturing powers may be concentrated within the main factory (in Australia). This will have to enforce the marketing position of the NanoTransform/NanoFlague technology in other countries with minimal risks, and then start developing the project. Development may be started from Asian countries, and then maybe proceed to Europe and the Americas. A global business plan is required for signing agreements with retailers, and purchasing manufacturing powers from other factories and plants for shortening the supply chains for the developing global network. Finally, the next generation positions will be invested after the successful implementation of the previously described points. (Stein, 2004) Reference List Drake, D. & Rhyne, E. (Eds.). 2002. The Commercialization of Microfinance: Balancing Business and Development . Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press. Hufft, E. M., & Swartz, B. 2005. Sbir Programs and Product Commercialization: Kinetic Art & Technology – an Example. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 16 (1), 71. Rosen, S. 2004. The Victory of Materialism: Aspirations to Join China’s Urban Moneyed Classes and the Commercialization of Education. The China Journal, (51), 27. Stein, D. G. (Ed.). 2004. Buying in or Selling Out? The Commercialization of the American Research University . New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
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Protecting George Wallace’s Organized Racism Essay In the time of George Wallace, the defense of segregation was not unusual. However, the newly-elected governor of Alabama managed it in a rather elegant manner. Wallace’s rhetoric was based on subversion. He was taking his opponent’s views and turning them around to provide a different perspective on segregation. Instead of claiming that segregation was a necessary evil or that it benefited the minorities, he claimed that it is the only way to protect the freedom of the white people. To Wallace, abolishing segregation meant making his beloved Anglo-Saxons slaves to the people of color. To underline his point of view, he referenced the fates of white people in other countries: “the Belgian survivors of the Congo cannot present their case to a war crimes commission… nor the Portuguese of Angola… nor the survivors of Castro.” Wallace believed that the same fate would befall all of America under liberal rule. He also stated that integration in education can only mean trouble, remembering the school riots in Washington. However, his most fascinating argument was undoubtedly a reference to Nazi Germany. The argument was made in an attempt to differentiate his views from German racism. He turned the tables on his opponents, by claiming them to resemble Hitler trying to bind the global white minority to the will of the majority. While the worldview of George Wallace was misguided and blind to the simple need for equality of all people, his rhetoric was impressive. By using the example of Nazi Germany in such an elegant way, he undoubtedly left his opponents rather confused since most of them would have loved to use the comparison against him.
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Tata Global Beverages Company Research Paper It should be known that Tata Tea is a large multinational. As a matter of fact, it is the second largest manufacturer of tea. On the other hand, it also distributes tea around the world. All along, the company has been growing to enter into new markets for long term sustainability. It was founded in 1964 but it has been making forays in foreign markets in recent years. The extent of the company’s investments in foreign markets has been made through various brands. In this case, they are distributed differently depending on the location (market) that has been targeted. Currently, the company is the largest brand in Canada and United Kingdom. In addition, it is the second largest in the United States. As a matter of fact, the company has set up different subsidiary companies in a number of foreign markets. An example of this initiative can be seen from the way it has entered the Pakistan market. As a matter of fact, the company made a 100% acquisition of Tetley Tea of the UK in 2000. All in all, it is in an acquisition mood and this can be demonstrated from the way it is warming up to Russia. The company has been planning to double up its investments in the next five years and this is commendable. For instance, it acquired Tetley Group in the UK for £271 million. Tata Tea has been making direct investments in the ownership of tea plantations. To make it sustainable, the company has come up with a $ 7.8 million equity investment that is expected to take care of other investments. The size of the company’s investments has been increasing as time goes by and this can be explained from the fact that it has operations in all continents. Tata Tea is the largest company in volumes (in India) and this has been replicated to foreign markets. As a matter of fact, the company has been looking out for any viable acquisitions to expand to other markets around the world. In 2007, it made more than 5 acquisitions in different markets. An example is the acquisition of Eight O’ Clock Coffee Company in USA that was valued at $220 million. It should be known that Tata Tea has made investments of more than $ 20 billion in recent years and this seems to be bearing fruits. The company has been strengthening its global operations to accelerate growth. As a matter of fact, it has been driving functional excellence to gain enough synergies. Most of its investments have been made for long term sustainability and this is good for growth. Tata Tea’s nature of investments can be said to focus more on acquisitions as a way of entering into new markets. From the 2009/2010 annual; report, the company has launched its operations in the Middle East and this is good for business. In addition, acquisitions have given it entry into the Russian market. Tata Tea operates in over 40 countries and this has given it the market presence that it needs for profitability and long term sustainability. To enhance its operations in foreign markets, the company has six sales and marketing regions that are spread around the globe. Closer integration has enabled the company to identify opportunities in different markets. After making investments in different markets, the company’s turnover has grown by 19%. Its most notable brands include Eight O’clock, Jemc’a, Vitax, Tata Tea Agni, Chakra Gold, Tlon and others. All in all, the company has been launching its brands in new markets depending on their needs. Wholesomely, the company has been entering new markets to stretch its global footprint. This can be explained from its branded tea sales.
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Monkey Cookies Company’s Promotion in Media Essay Background Monkey Cookies is a gourmet cookie franchise located within the UAE that specializes in the sale, delivery and distribution of freshly made cookies. Baked directly within their individual stores or delivered to their customers, each individual cookie is handmade and contains an assortment of ingredients ranging from marshmallow fluff (i.e. the white marshmallow tasting stuff they put on top) to various candy bars, spreads (ex: Nutella) and an assortment of other ingredients that are meant to entice customers to come into the store and indulge in what many describe to be a “guilty pleasure”. Due to the nature of the product being sold, the store primarily caters to young customers (i.e. school children, high school students and young adults), however, other customer demographics do patronize the products of the bakery due to the high quality of the product being sold as compared to grocery bought cookies (Tong, McCrohan & Erogul, 2012). Fact Sheet Monkey Cookies Owner: * Local entrepreneurs that started the business on their own * Founded in the UAE in 2008 Operations: * Both sells and delivers freshly baked cookies * Cookies have an assortment of styles and textures * A single bakeshop has an estimated 120 customers within a single day and sells an average of 1,000 cookies a day. * Is normally located near a school so as to better target its preferred customers Location: Sharjah (Univercity Road), Sharjah Consumers: * Primary consumers of Monkey Cookies consist of grade school and high school students that are from nearby schools * Competitors * Store bought cookies * Al Hallab * Local bakeries Pitch Letter Dear, Mr. Journalist We have recently started a brand new enterprise called “Monkey Cookies” that is located along Sharjah road. It is a concept that has never been seen before in the UAE since we focus on what we call “comfort food”. We sell products that primarily appeal to young children and teenagers yet can be enjoyed by adults as well. Our products consist of freshly baked high quality cookies that can be eaten with a glass of fresh milk. This is a business concept that capitalizes on creating a comfortable and nurturing atmosphere within our stores that lets our customer relax and enjoy themselves so that they can experience the full gamut of flavours that come with patronizing our establishment (Entrepreneurship vital for future growth, 2013). It is due to this that we would like to invite you to try our products and write a special interest piece about how our store started and how it is the embodiment of the entrepreneurial spirit that is a valued commodity within our culture. I hope to hear from you soon. Cordially, Public Relations Director. News Release The Monkey Cookies Grand Promotion On May 5th, 2014, Monkey Cookies will be celebrating its 5th anniversary with a huge promotional deal for its customers. Starting 8 am in the morning till 7 pm in the evening, the company will have a 50% discount on all its products for in store sales. This promotion coincides with the start of summer vacation for local schools and, as such, is a great way to meet up with friends that you have been missing over the summer (Majumdar & Varadarajan, 2013). The promotion will begin promptly at 8 am and will be on a first come, first served basis. No reservation on particular cookie batches will be allowed, however, the store will continue to make batches from early morning till mid afternoon. As such, there should be more than enough cookies to satisfy all of our loyal customers and should prove to be a very delicious and enjoyable experience for everyone that comes! Do note that seating within the establishment will be limited; however, takeout orders do fall under the promotional guidelines and, as such, will be allowed. We hope to see you at the start of our celebration! Cordially, Monkey Cookies Management. Feature Release Monkey Cookies to Open Branch in Abu Dhabi May 23, 2011: 1:40 p.m. News Facts Monkey Cookies, a local bakery that specializes in the sale of gourmet cookies is planning on opening a new branch in Abu Dhabi in order to expand its operations beyond its current market. Source The source behind this information is straight from the management department of Monkey Cookies that explained the need to expand in order to continue to become a successful company. Quote The manager of the company stated the following: “we believe that it is necessary to expand into other markets so that we can continue to become a viable company in the future and penetrate more market segments”. About Monkey Cookies Monkey Cookies is a bakery that specializes in the creation of gourmet cookie treats Photo Gallery/Photo Advisory Reference List Entrepreneurship vital for future growth. (2013). MEED: Middle East Economic Digest , 57 (7), 19. Majumdar, S., & Varadarajan, D. (2013). Students’ attitude towards entrepreneurship: does gender matter in the UAE?. Foresight , 15 (4), 278-293. Tong, Q., McCrohan, D., & Erogul, M. (2012). An analysis of entrepreneurship across five major nationality groups in the United Arab Emirates. Journal Of Developmental Entrepreneurship , 17 (2), -1.
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Consequently, Chris can use the stakeholder theory when he is making his decision. His actions are supposed to do the greatest good to the majority. If Chris decides to ignore the matter and keep quiet, the buildup of the pergarectizine (PRTZ ) chemical can lead to devastating health consequences for several people who reside around Comfy Cove. However, there is no evidence that this can happen because all available records prove otherwise. Nevertheless, Chris is tasked with the responsibility of making sure that Comfy Cove’s boating and fishing industries, as well as the environment, are not jeopardized by the activities of his company. The stakeholders of Frazier Chemical Incorporated (FCI) are obviously outnumbered by the population of Comfy Cove and Chris’s decision should favor the residents. Main Body Using the rights theory, Chris can choose to turn a blind eye to the incident by arguing that the stakeholders of FCI have as much right to use the resources of Comfy Cove just as the rest of the population. In addition, all evidence shows that the activities of the industry have done no harm to Comfy Cove yet. On the other hand, Chris can argue that everyone who does any activity in Comfy Cove engages in a certain form of environmental degradation. For instance, boat makers use wood and other materials and this contributes to negative effects on the local environment. Consequently, FCI has the right to use the resources of Comfy Cove whilst contributing to the economic development of the area just as the boat builders and the fishermen are. Chris can report the matter or decide to keep quiet if he bases his decisions on the justice theory. On one hand, Chris can argue that the benefits of having the FCI’s operations outweigh its environmental risks. Therefore, because available evidence indicates that FCI has not had any noticeable effects on the environment, its operations in the area are justifiable. On the other hand, Chris can report the activities of the company using the argument that the harm that the industry can do to Comfy Cove’s environment is not justifiable. The actions of FCI have enormous benefits for its stakeholders while none are passed on to the population of Comfy Cove. Consequently, Chris should report the activities of his company because there is no fair distribution of benefits and burdens between FCI and the population of Comfy Cove. Chris can decide to report the activities of FCI based on the theory of categorical imperative. For instance, if all companies flouted environmental rules, the whole manufacturing industry would become chaotic. Therefore, it does not matter whether there is evidence to support the views of the US Environmental Protection Agency, the rules and regulations are meant to maintain order amongst manufacturing industries. Conclusion Chris should consider if his decision was to become the front-page news. Using this consideration, Chris should choose to report the activities of his company to the authorities because this decision has a nationalistic appeal. Reporting the company to authorities ensures that there is no basis for greed, exploitation, fear, and endangerment within Chris’ decision. However, by choosing not to report the activities of the FCI, Chris would face opposition from the masses who are likely to consider his decision immoral and sinister.
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Movies Marketing and Classification Essay Movies have been in heavy competition with television for decades. With the advent of large-screen televisions with surround sound, movie theaters need something extra in order to attract the consumer. With the high prices of movie theater entry (between $5 and $12 per person) and the expensive snack bar food and drink, the movies in theaters must be really special in a way that makes them best seen in a theater in order to attract audiences. Today’s audience wants fast action, fantastic special effects, and even shock. Sadly, this means that the days of thoughtfully done artistically directed films with solid content are quickly vanishing off-screen. Will this mean that there will be two types of movies in the future: theater movies and home movies? Perhaps, since Hollywood makes movies for the large screen and it will fall to the independents to make movies for home consumption. In order to stay open, movie theaters know that they must show movies that simply cannot be shown as well on home theater screens. This is because people can buy or rent movies everywhere and order them delivered via cable or satellite on a subscription basis. There are even online stores that will rent movies via mail to consumers with no late fees. The member pays a monthly fee and can have their movies delivered to their door. The home system can use VCR (though this is becoming obsolete), DVD, and now BlueRay disk. These media can include many extras that people never see in the theaters, so there is a possibility that the audience will see the movie in a theater, then buy, rent, or download a second copy to see the extras. The cost of producing massive special effects is huge, so these movies must make money. In addition, the stars get a larger piece of this pie than in the past. With all the time used for special effects, there is little time for slowly developing character studies as in past films, and the audience in theaters really does not come to see this. They are much happier seeing these kinds of films at home on their own systems, watching with close friends or family. These “artsy” films are something between the big action blockbuster and a book. However, these kinds of films do not require a big budget, so independent filmmakers can afford to make them. In the future, it makes sense that there will actually be two types of films made. The big blockbusters will be released with huge fanfare and will show in movie theaters around the country simultaneously. The audience might enjoy a second showing at home after the theater’s first run, but the difference in viewing at home or in a theater will be very obvious for most home viewers since most cannot afford a real home theater with a huge screen. Seventy inches is about as large as most people in the middle-income class can afford. However, many of these movies really benefit from the full movie house screen. Still, there won’t be much veg with the meat and potatoes. The stories will be a formula, and the dialogue will be restricted to humor and conversation. Really meaningful philosophical movies will be relegated to independent films. One disturbing thought on all of this is the question of talent. Will talented directors go back to independent films so they can have the right to free expression? Will the most talented actors and actresses seek work with independent studios in order to have the kinds of roles which will help them develop their skills? This is entirely possible. In fact, while independent films cannot afford huge budgets for massive special effects, they do have access to excellent film and sound equipment, so the quality of these films is no longer an issue. So it is entirely conceivable that a two-tier system of filmmaking will develop: large-format movie theater spectaculars with spectacular effects and maybe not as much story, and less fantastic independent art films aimed at home viewers. This would be no different from television today, which has quite a large variety of shows to please any consumer. Just as the movies did not kill books, the new blockbuster special effects films will not kill the art of film. There will simply develop two different types of films to supply the two markets with some crossover in both directions. This was actually inevitable since films have become enormously expensive to produce, and movie theaters have had to raise prices due to inflation. So the industry has begun to adjust and make two types of films for the two distinctly different markets. We will still have our Hitchcocks and other marvelously engrossing films like “Beautiful Mind” and “The Collector,” and real artists will seek out these filmmakers as they have the live stage in the past. In fact, this will probably result in more films being made than ever before.
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Kaplan (2008) refers to the Four-Wave theory developed by Rapoport to add a fifth previously lacking wave, which is, unlike four international ones, is based within one state. The establishment of the fifth wave is characterized by particular features that allow for understanding the ideology behind such domestic terrorist groups’ activity. The fifth wave of terrorism includes domestic terroristic organizations derived from their international patrons and directed their activity inward. As the characteristics of establishing a terroristic group of such nature demonstrate, foreign ideas or religious beliefs influence these groups. However, due to some reasons, they “have turned inward … and sought to realize a utopian vision of a radically perfected society on the local level” (Kaplan, 2008, p. 12). Other characteristics involve identifying the precise origin and a catalyzing event, upon which a group breaks away from an established international terrorist organization. Break-aways are usually radical, violent, legalistic, and authoritarian (Kaplan, 2008). An example of an actual terroristic group established in the USA is the Base. This is a right-wing neo-Nazi terror accelerationist group that is originated from al-Qaeda, which functions on large territories across the country (Jones et al., 2020). The characteristics of this group coincide with those listed for the fifth wave. To summarize, terrorist groups’ establishment expands beyond the commonly perceived international level but impacts the domestic sphere. The theory of four-wave terroristic groups is broadened by Kaplan (2008) to include break-away organizations that pursue disruptive goals within the state. Specific measures based on evidence and research need to be implemented to eliminate terroristic groups like the Base and others from the list of significant threats to national security. References Jones, S. G., Doxsee, C., & Harrington, N. (2020). The escalating terrorism problem in the United States. CSIS Briefs. Kaplan, J. (2008). Terrorism’s fifth wave: A theory, a conundrum and a dilemma. Perspectives on Terrorism, 2 (2), 12-24.
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Nominalism vs. Realism in Philosophy Essay The main problem that makes the difference between nominalism and realism is the question of the existence of properties beyond objects. Realism in its radical form, or Plato’s realism, refers to the universals as independent entities that exist regardless of the objects in an ideal world. Moderate realism, which is also called Aristotelian or strong realism, rejects Platonic realism. According to this point of view, universals are real but exist only when an object having certain properties exist. Nominalism, in its turn, denies the existence of universals. Thus, nominalism and realism are two opposite views on the nature of universals. To my mind, Aristotle’s realism is one of the best concepts for the description of our reality. On the one hand, we live in a world that consists of material objects. On the other hand, everyone is able to discern certain properties of these objects. Every individual knows what length, shape, or temperature is. Besides, the existence of numbers and mathematical principles allows us to suppose that there is some realm existing between material and ideal worlds. On the one hand, numbers do not exist, but on the other hand, mathematics successfully describes real physical objects. Being a Christian, I consider that universal ideas and properties were created by God, but they can exist only in the objects of the material world. It could be argued that there are objects with the same properties which do not have anything in common. For example, a beautiful girl does not have anything in common with a beautiful sunset. However, not all the members of a certain category should necessarily have common traits, and this argument does not prove that there are no universals at all. I see the point in bundle theory developed by Mill and advanced by Hume. According to this theory, there is nothing but a bundle of perceptions of objects related only by causation and resemblance. However, “resemblance” is a universal idea itself, as could be seen from the fact that people can see common attributes in things that actually do not have anything in common. Thus, when nominalists take to attempt to prove their point of view, they use universals. It allows suggesting that realism can successfully describe our world.
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Woodmere Products and Home Help Case Study The central business proposition for Woodmere and Home Help is the implementation of innovative forms of management that consider existing customers’ needs and improve supply management. The importance of this aspect is explained by the fact that the effective utilization of these approaches will help to improve outcomes significantly and prevent further decline in brands’ popularity. Home Help, a large home decorating retailer, is currently aware of the new forms of chain management as the potent tool to achieve better performance. At the same time, Woodmere has a particular reputation among its target audience and wants to engage in beneficial collaboration with potentially strong partners. For this reason, another business proposition is the establishment of strategic cooperation between these two brands with the primary goal to hold leading positions in this market segment. Time-based logistics presupposes increased flexibility of a company that is achieved via the reduction of time needed to respond to alterations in customers’ demand, develop, manufacture, and deliver products to destination points 1 . Adherence to this method means that there is a need for collaboration with partners to ensure optimization of all important stages and better functioning in terms of existing market conditions 2 . Considering the fact that both Woodmere and Home Help try to improve their positions at the market and attract new customers, this strategy will help them to evolve. The major benefit associated with the proposal is the engagement in strategic collaboration with Home Help that can be considered a potent client with stable growth rates. This partnership will provide new opportunities for future development and business improvement. Additionally, supply chain management will be improved via the reduction of costs and utilization of time-based strategies. At the same time, the financial aspect of this solution should be considered as Woodmere has to invest in the project for it to evolve. It can be taken as both long and short-term barriers. For Home Help, the reduction of inventory and other operational costs will also mean improvement of their functioning and achievement of higher levels of performance. The central suggestion for the improvement of the existing proposal is the reconsideration of various kinds of investment to guarantee the gradual increase in the customers’ loyalty to the brand and ensure that they will remain satisfied with the new model. In terms of this solution, technological optimization can be performed to use innovative approaches such as user-friendly websites or some applications providing a wide range of opportunities to choose. It will help to improve long-run viability and achieve the desired increase in income. Moreover, new opportunities for future development will emerge because of the focus on this project. If to analyze the case from Home Help’s perspective, the given proposal should be accepted. First, the strategic cooperation of this sort will provide new options to dominate in the given market segment. Additionally, the utilization of time-based logistics will contribute to the improvement of supply chain management and reduction of costs needed to support it 3 . It is one of the desired outcomes of any partnership because of the multiple opportunities for a new achievement. Finally, the appearance of beneficial opportunities and long-term perspectives because of the cooperation can be expected. In such a way, it can be recommended for Home Help to engage in strategic relations with Woodmere to improve current positions and hold a leading role in the given market segment. Reference List Coyle, J. et al., Supply Chain Management: A Logistics Perspective , 10th edn., Boston, MA, Cengage Learning, 2016. Footnotes 1. J. Coyle et al., Supply Chain Management: A Logistics Perspective , 10th edn., Boston, MA, Cengage Learning, 2016, p. 56. 2. Ibid., p. 56. 3. Ibid., p. 57.
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The Strategy of Unsubscription for Mobile Network Essay (Article) The vast majority of businesses today offer or sometimes impose subscription programs that force them to use their services. Alternatively, there emerged companies with different strategies that make it easier for customers to quit. ClassPass is the company with such an approach, and its managers try to offer more applicable and appropriate services in lieu of those the client is refusing to use further (Kassel, 2020). Some similar companies were also criticized for the complexity of unsubscribing policy that presents stress for the customers instead of pleasant service (Kassel, 2020). Thus, the given strategy is an effective way of raising competitiveness in the market. This strategy gives the customers the feeling of freedom of choice, consequently increasing their trust level. The plan, where the potential clients can try the services for a discounted price before the subscription, can be also viewed as a similar approach. The buyers have the impression of confidence in their actions, which helps to retain them for a more extended period and later address the service provider (Jain & Jordan, 2017). It stimulates the increase in loyalty of the customers, which positively affects the attractiveness as well as the profitability. This report will examine the applicability of the approach, as mentioned above, for the mobile connection service providers in Hong Kong. This region is chosen for its relatively high state of development and a wide range of customers. There are three major groups of consumers, namely permanent residents, frequently traveling businessmen, and tourists. The first category of consumers needs to have a reliable and permanent service type. The class of often commuters requires the option of unsubscription for some time similar to the projected policy. The last group is the one with which the company builds short-term relationships but can gain a significant reputation and profit. CITIC Telecom International Limited is one of the mobile service providers in the region for which the unsubscribing policy would be beneficial (Zhang et al., 2017). The corporation can achieve higher results and become more competitive upon providing the opportunity for its customers to pause the services when not used instead of “burning” the package. This measure can be quite attractive because people are always interested in the services that conserve their money. For now, there is no other business implementing it (Zhang et al., 2017). It is the reason why there is a possibility of increasing business competitiveness and taking the opportunity to provide services on the same or even higher level than the four major Chinese corporations. The named approach is prospective for CITIC Telecom International Limited because of the probable effective positioning and relative freedom compared to primary service providers (Office of the Communications Authority, 2019). Being a mobile virtual network operator, the business has an enormous scope of possibilities to develop (Zhang et al., 2017). The company managers can enlarge the customer body by attracting those who are not usually assisted. Furthermore, such positioning may also be engaging for permanent residents as in the current situation. People use internet services more than mobile applications. The possibility to suspend the services anytime gives the positive sense of security of the funds. To conclude, providing the customers with a chance of pausing or retention from the subscription and saving personal funds is a novel approach of high interest. The named strategy can help to grow a better reputation and present an excellent alternative to existing market leaders considering mobile network providers. As a result, companies such as CITIC Telecom International Limited are able to increase their profitability levels, possibly. References Jain, P. & Jordan, S. J. (2017). Cancellation latency: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Financial Management, 46 , 377-407. Kassel, M. (2020). Subscription companies make quitting easier . The Wall Street Journal. Office of the Communications Authority. (2019). Choice of Service Providers. Web. Zhang, H., Liu, N., Chu, X., Long, K., Aghvami, A., & Leung, V. C. M. (2017). Network slicing based 5G and future mobile networks: mobility, resource management, and challenges . IEEE Communications Magazine , 55 (8), 138-145.
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