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The Safety Assurance Network (SAN) is the main consideration of the article, the tools, and other facilities are analyzed to involve the workers of the Toyota Company to care about their safety. The article is devoted to the research on the Toyota plant, reviews the steps which were provided by Toyota’s managerial staff in the reference to workers’ safety in the workplace and identifying and eliminating the health hazards. The article provides the methods according to which workers should care about their safety, and these methods are also considered as the methods to join the workers and to teach them to work in a team. The Safety Assurance Network procedure is based on teamwork, which teaches workers to care about their safety and work in a team. The very procedure is as follows, the hazards are analyzed and the list of the most dangerous objects and of the objects which need solution is provided. The other team works under the development of the list where the solutions to the future possible hazards are provided. After the data is collected the checklist is created to combine the work of two teams and to see the results. The main disadvantage in the methodology is that the whole data is collected by the workers and does not check by the specialists and in some cases, the hazard objects may be incorrectly considered or some things may be missed. The beginning of the teamwork with such disputable subjects may lead to the opposite effect, videlicet the problems in the communication among the employees after the experiment. The Toyota plant was taken as the basis for the Safety Assurance Network procedure. The aspects which were analyzed from the point of view of being dangerous are caught in machinery, contact with heavy objects, contact with moving vehicles, falling, electrocution, and contact with heated objects. These aspects were taken as the basis for the research. The data was analyzed from two points of view, (1) the possibility of mentioned danger to occur in the manufacturing process and (2) the seriousness of consequences in the case of the accident occurring. Considering the dangers, the method contains the four levels of assurance, S1, S2, S3, and S4. Every level contains a more complex type of analysis. In conclusion, the Safety Assurance Network procedure is the procedure that lasts not for a week, if the managerial staff wants to create reliable results. The experiment which was offered in the article was finished successfully as employees of the Toyota plant managed to identify the sources of dangers, the ways to get rid of them, and the ways to cope with them in the case of an accident. Moreover, the morale of the workers and their teamwork were placed on a higher level. Reference List Colazo, J.A. & Talpone, C. (2009) “Safety Assurance Network – How Toyota makes sure safety is everyone’s job.” Professional Safety .
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FedEx Company and Its Marketing Strategy Case Study Table of Contents 1. Overview and History of FedEx 2. How FedEx’ Operations Were Improved by Its Location? 3. How does FedEx’ Location Strategy Differ from Its Competitors? 4. How has FedEx Affected Memphis, TN area? 5. Works Cited Overview and History of FedEx FedEx is a huge package delivery company that was founded in 1971 by Fred Smith. The idea of this company previously was a topic of the course paper of young Fred at the university of Yale. After he graduated, he was lucky to make his dream come true. Several years later, the company called Federal Express established its headquarter in Memphis. The company first experienced losses because of huge expenditures on the planes (Murray). After almost ten years have passed, the Federal Express gained a reputation as one of the most prosperous and highly financed companies in the U.S. In 1978, the company managed to set positions in the equity market and gain huge annual revenue. Nowadays, the company is highly recognized and has a great investments basis. FedEx offers different services from local mail delivery to international logistics services (Forman). The company uses both air and auto transport to provide logistic services. FedEx owns the greatest amount of transport for international shipments. It has the fourth-largest fleet in the whole world. How FedEx’ Operations Were Improved by Its Location? The central point of a successful logistics company is its location and hubs all around the world, chosen to be points of departure. FedEx chose a very convenient location to develop business overseas in many countries. In 1987, the founder started with Britain, the Netherlands, and the United Arab Emirates (Murray). Nowadays, the company has over two hundred hubs in different countries. Later, Federal Express opened a subsidiary company in China (Murray). It let the company move forward and develop international delivery in Asia. Thus, carefully and logically chosen location of the hubs, subsidiary companies, and constant development help FedEx to be one of the leaders in the delivery sphere. How does FedEx’ Location Strategy Differ from Its Competitors? The main differentiating factor in the location strategy of FedEx and other logistics companies is the choice of the locations of hubs. FedEx always strives not only for the quality development of the delivery but also to erasing the borders and expanding companies’ horizons (Heizer and Render). Thus, the company was the first to plunge into the Asian market of the package. This courage, determination, and ability to monitor the market and demands in different countries let the company gain a competitive advantage. Moreover, FedEx was one of the first logistics companies which successfully adopted e-commerce on all hubs territory (Bhasin). Even though the expenditures were quite high first, the losses paid off quickly, and the company equipped all the hubs with modern technologies and internet awareness. This decision definitely leveled the quality of the services and gave another competitive advantage. How has FedEx Affected Memphis, TN area? FedEx has six large hubs in the U.S., but the main one is located in Memphis, Tennessee. Most of the packages go through the hub in Memphis because it is the central logistic hub where all the parcels are distributed (Bhasin). The headquarters and the storage of the air and auto transport are also located there. The opening of FedEx definitely influenced Memphis in both positive and negative ways. First of all, Memphis became a huge package operational center which includes only the newest technologies and machinery. FedEx contributed to the technological transformation of the TN area. Speaking about negative aspects, it necessary to mention the crowdedness with machines and people. As far as Memphis was earlier, the small quiet area now the constant overnight aircraft and massive storages of technologies, automobiles, and planes can leave an unpleasant impression on the citizens. Works Cited Bhasin, Hitsen. Marketing Strategy of FedEx . Marketing91. 2018. Web. Forman, Janis. “ 7. DIGITAL STORIES FOR BUSINESS: FEDEX “. Storytelling in Business , Redwood City: Stanford University Press, 2020, pp. 126-143. Web. Heizer, Jay, and Render, Barry. Operations Management , 13th ed. Prentice Hall, 2020. Murray, Martin. The History of FedEx. The Balance of Small Business. 2019. Web.
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“Common Sense and Related Writings” by Thomas Slaughter Report Human history has known some people who were able to rule its flow due to their strong will, desire for changes, charisma, and strong sense of moral and civic duty. One of such men of genius was Thomas Paine, one of the Founding Fathers of the USA. To mention his other great services to his own country, let us refer to the Introduction to “Common Sense and Related Writings” by Slaughter who mentions that Paine “was a man of science, … a philosopher of religion as concerned with God’s realm as he was with human arenas, and a propagandist for political change” (1). It is worth mentioning that the work done by Slaughter is a profound study of the biography and personality of the revolutionary that enables us to make a multidimensional analysis of his legendary pamphlet, Common Sense . It is possible to single out the form of a sermon as a very convincing one and Biblical evidence that has proved to be very persuasive, especially in Section II that shows sinful origin of monarchy, necessity of independence and democracy as the only natural, reasonable and just form of government. The contemporary topicality of Section II which criticizes monarchy and hereditary succession can be explained in the following way: Common Sense on the whole and Section II in particular explains the necessity of independence and democracy as the gift of Lord. It shows erroneous nature of monarchy, the form of government in Britain. It claims that democracy is the only just form of government as prescribed by the Bible: “In the early ages of world, according to the scripture chronology, there were no kings; the consequence of which was there were no wars” (Paine 79). Paine describes monarchy as “the most prosperous invention of the Devil” (Paine 79). The author stated that the Jews were deluded and yielded to temptation of the creation of monarchy that is considered one of their sins. Besides, the author criticizes hereditary succession of power since “descendants might be far too unworthy to inherit” honors (Paine 82). Also, Paine presents evident criticism of the British monarchy, saying that “England since the conquest hath known some few good monarchs, but groaned beneath a much larger number of bad ones” (83). In the final part of the section, Paine gives a historical account of the bloody conquest for monarchy and succession. He mentions eight civil wars and numerous rebellions in the history of Britain as historical proof of the erroneous nature of monarchy. On reading the pamphlet, it is possible to state that the form of a sermon is, evidently, the best possible form for such a document written in the name of the Revolution. Slaughter states that Paine’s “arguments couched in biblical authority carried greater weight with believers than those based on mere mortal authority” (34). The evidence taken from the Holy Bible is the reliable proof that is difficult to prejudice. Still, if today it can be questioned that the reference to the Bible can start a revolution, Section II shows the Bible as an unquestioned authority. The numerous references to the Bible can prompt a question if Paine was inspired by such views himself. On the basis of the first section of the pamphlet, it is possible to state that Paine’s views of the government were mainly secular. Thus, this section shows Pain’s gift of eloquence and ability to manipulate the mind of the majority with the help of the corresponding evidence. Utilizing conclusion, it is necessary to state that Common Sense: And Related Writings gives a detailed portrait of Thomas Paine as an eloquent genius who was able to lead the masses. Common Sense can strengthen the contemporary authority of democracy. Works Cited Paine, Thomas. Common Sense: And Related Writings . Ed. Slaughter, Thomas P. Bedford/St. Martins, 2001.
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Sarah Jewett’s “A White Heron” Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Plot 3. Questions 4. Conclusion 5. Work Cited Introduction Sarah Jewett’s A White Heron is a short story written in the best literary traditions of the nineteenth century: although simple in its language and plot, it cleverly alludes to many important philosophical questions. In a tale about a young girl meeting a hunter, the author touches upon the subjects of the relationship of humans and nature, the feelings of attraction, and moral judgment. This essay aims to analyze how Jewett’s writing style draws upon the dilemma of egoism and altruism in making ethical decisions. Plot The story begins by introducing its protagonist, Sylvia, and her amicable relationship with nature. Wandering in the woods, she meets a young male looking to hunt for the rare white heron and quickly develops feelings for him. Overcome with a “wild ambition” to help the man the girl sneaks out of the house at night to climb the tallest tree in the forest – a vantage point for sighting the bird (Jewett, p. 7). The protagonist discovers the bird’s nest but does not tell the hunter where it is, despite her feelings and his promise to “make them rich with money” (Jewett 9). Jewett lets the reader decide if Sylvia made the right decision as the girl finds herself in doubt about it at the end of the story. Questions In this story, Jewett addresses the critical battle of selfishness and altruism: should one choose what is best for them or the other (and sometimes, for everybody)? The author juxtaposes the dire financial situation of Sylvia’s family, who are “so poor now” with an inalienable right of every creature to live (Jewett, p. 9). The protagonist resents the pettiness of the hunter’s pursuit: “she could not understand why he killed the very birds he seemed to like so much” (Jewett, p. 6). Therefore, one can praise Sylvia for her decision for the noble spirit. Another can criticize because it affected the welfare of people other than herself. Although morality is important, sometimes it is crucial to estimate the gravity of adhering to it correctly. Conclusion Despite being written a century and a half ago, A White Heron raises a question that occupies the minds of many people today. In a simple story, Jewett connects appreciation for nature and a fleeting attraction, putting its character before a difficult moral decision. Once again, classic literature induces its unsuspecting reader to ponder over the timeless philosophical problems and reflect on their ethics. Work Cited Jewett, Sarah. “A White Heron.” A White Heron and Other Stories. Dover thrift ed. Ed. Susan Rattiner. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 1999. 1-9. Print.
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However, this report will focus on the number of issues such as online communities, reason to joining online communities, Wang and Fesenmaier (2003) model for member needs, the power of social networking, and target Audience for the campaign, effectiveness of the implication of social marketing in the campaign, key objectives and messages of this campaign, and so on. Situational Analysis “Drink it down” Company is going to launch a new cherry flavoured cola drink. Therefore, the marketer of this company will prepare a marketing strategy to promote this new product to the consumers. However, the company will use social media as the budget for the campaign is very low. Online Communities The company believes that the due to a number of features of online communities, the campaign would turn out to be quite successful and capable to generate substantial profits. Some of these features are: * Individuals connect in frequent, dynamic involvement and there are usually passionate communications, strapping emotional bonds and collective actions taking place amongst partakers; * Individuals encompass right of entry to joint resources and there are guidelines for influential admittance to those resources; * Trustworthiness of data, assistance, and amenities among individuals is essentially imperative in these communities; * A mutual circumstance of communal gatherings, verbal communication, and procedures exist in these communities. Wang and Fesenmaier (2003) model for member needs This report recommends the client “Drink it down” Company to use social networking sites considering four factors of the members need framework of Wang & Fesenmaier. Target Group This soft drink product of “drink it down” is suitable for all customer but the company should target mainly health conscious people who like to fresh drink those not contain excessive preservatives. In addition, the marketer of this company should target customers who regularly visit social networking sites. Goals of the Campaign “Drink it down” Company * The prime objectives of this campaign project of “Drink it down” Company is to build brand awareness and create customers base; * The company is intended to reach break even point within first year of its operation; * It would promote its slogan “always ‘Drink it down’ Cherry Cola”; * It would like to increase its annual sales revenue from the new cherry cola drinks by 50% within next three years; * In addition, it would like to diversify its products range and carry on new IMC program. Messages * The campaign ‘Always “Drink it down” Cherry Cola’ has persuade the objectives to convey the following messages to the target audiences- * Freshness of the new cherry flavoured cola product * Advertising in social networking sites would create knowledge of the product; * Like other large company, it will also sponsor many events in the future, * It convey message about the commitment of the company to the customers. Environmental Analysis * Political: The political condition of Australia is quite stable to carry on the IMC campaign. * Social/Cultural: It is important to carry out the multimedia campaign by keeping in mind the social and cultural ethos of the country. Australian culture shows the country’s tremendous unification of diverse customs with intermingles of open-minded and all-inclusive society; both Europeans and natives live here is at harmony. * Technology: Australia is quite advanced in terms of technology most of the population uses social networking sites regularly. This technological advancement means that the multimedia campaign has huge potential for success as it has based on web marketing and Social Medias. * Demographics: As “Drink it Down” Company is going to introduce marketing campaign in Australia, it is essential for the firm to assess the demography of the country before undertaking the multimedia campaign. * Economic: The multimedia campaign would only be successful when the advertisements will persuade people to buy the cherry flavoured cola repeatedly, generating substantial revenues. The following figure shows the purchasing power parity of the Australian customers. SWOT Analysis. Media Selection. Media Selection. Website Firstly, the marketer of “Drink it down” should develop an excellent website for the company in order to broaden all business function. Ads and Other Multimedia Campaign Sample. Projected Marketing Budget.
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However, some underlying drivers can motivate people to commit it. Their nature can be biological, sociological, or psychological. It does not mean that it can be only one of them making people criminals. Sometimes it can include two or all three. An example of the primary biological cause can be schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia can harm or even kill other people believing that they are invaders from another world or for another reason born out of their confused brain. This mental disorder is mostly caused by malformations in some brain regions resulting from genetic factors (Ripke et al., 2014). Sociological factors paired with biological ones can also be a reason for committing a crime. For instance, poor people may shoplift food out of necessity. Often in such cases, these people understand the moral unacceptability of their deed. Nonetheless, their hunger can supersede the moral code. According to Hollin (2013), psychological factors can become a reason for unlawful behavior provided there is a fertile social environment. For example, the person’s mind can become unstable due to stress or depression induced by social factors like family or work, which may involve him or her in criminal activities like using narcotics or even killing. There can also be cases when biological, psychological, and sociological theories intertwine (Hollin, 2013). Inborn impairments of the brain can be dormant until environmental issues like the lack of parental supervision, school bullying or other factors cause these inner malfunctions to alter a person’s perception, resulting in the lack of guilt or remorse. This can lead to criminal behavior. The three agents can all shed some light on the nature of the crime, but there is an apparent need to view them in connection to each other. References Hollin, C. R. (2013). Psychology and crime: An introduction to criminological psychology . London, UK: Routledge. Ripke, S., Neale, B. M., Corvin, A., Walters, J. T., Farh, K. H., Holmans, P. A.,… Pers, T. H. (2014). Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature , 511 (7510), 421-427.
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Social Interaction Problems Essay Social interaction problems often affect all societies, big or small. Even in somewhat secluded and sparsely populated regions, they will experience challenges related to social interactions. The reason for this is because of the fact that every member of certain society staying near each other will have disagreements. It is almost impracticable to evade them and some people who stay together in the same building or house often do not get along effortlessly. Generally though, if social interaction challenges are talked about, they are likely to denote the problems which affect people staying together in a certain society (Mooney 14). In United States, some major social interaction problems comprises the increasing gap between rich and poor, joblessness, racism, family violence, and so forth. At times social problems come up when individuals have different views regarding how to solve particular situations such as unexpected pregnancy (Sherif and Brannigan 118). Some people may appear to support abortion to solve the issue, while other members of the society are in apposition to the idea. Different views on how to solve issues generate gaps in social groups. A perfect example which portrays social interaction is the youths in United States where indeed is reprehensible. United States is renowned as the supporter of expression yet they do not allow youths from expressing themselves by stating that what they will suggest is lewd or degenerated. United States, which practices diversity and tolerance, has set up some equal and prejudicial set of rules for young citizens which if they defy them they will end up getting punished. Some matters may be noted as a subject of social interaction failure. Hip hop culture, drug misuse, abortion, and gay marriages are some social elements which lag the country from being capable of incorporating and efficiently have Social Interaction with the young citizens (Mooney 14). However, it is the liability of all members of the society, provided their maturity and knowledge, to appreciate the young people. Rather than continuous disapproval and ridicule, they should permit them to incorporate in their own manner in the social system. It is also significant that social challenges influence the interaction with communities which can result in international issues or problems. The way in which U.S. are handling the issues of developing country can have impact on the relationship with that country and other countries in the world for years to come (Sherif and Brannigan 118). Although the United States had a great support of creating a Jewish State in Israel, its support generated a huge relationship gaps with some Arabic countries. Autism is not a particular disorder but a compound set of behaviors which normally surface around age two. Children experiencing autism usually have social interaction challenges and undertake recurring, apparently obsessive routines. In United States, studies carried out by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that around 1 in 100 kids are with Autism, which is far above formerly thought (Sherif and Brannigan 118). The very state of social interaction problems proposes that the community is the problem itself. There is no country which has created a perfect society where all can freely express themselves and where no social challenges exist. The people themselves are the blockade for this change and as many state that perfection may not be attainable goal. Works Cited Mooney, Linda. Understanding Social Problems. North Shore: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. Sherif, Muzafer and Augustine Brannigan. Social interaction: process and products. New York: Transaction Publishers, 2011. Print.
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Isaiah Berlin’s “Russian Thinkers” Essay Russian Thinkers which is a compilation of essays on the Russian luminaries that includes Alexander Herzen, Tolstoy, Belinsky, Bakunin, and populists like Chernyshevsky is very helpful to introduce one to Russian history during the19th century and was written in Russia. These essays are used by Berlin so that he can clearly bring his points about the political ideologies. The main purpose of the book is a critical analysis of the political and social ideologies existing in Russia whereby Berlin crystal clear knew his materials. The book is not thematically arranged and appears very confusing since the themes are not chronologically arranged. The main theme in this book is to show that he knew many things and was also interested in knowing many things and this is properly demonstrated in the fox and hedgehog metaphor whereby the hedgehog is known to know one major thing while the fox knows several issues. He thereby categorizes the human beings as hedgehogs and their lives are the personification of a particular and central image of realism which makes them think, feel, and breath as the system addicts and examples include Dante, Plato, Nietzsche, and Proust, or as foxes whose lives centrifugal instead of being centripetal, chase numerous different ends, mostly have a logic of realism that stops them against formulating a specific system of everything simply because they know life is very complex to be compressed in a form of a Procrustean unitary system, Montaigne, Shakespeare Balzac, and Goethe are in one way or the other the foxes. Berlin was aware of the instability of liberalism and termed it as “non -belief belief” which obviously does not satisfy the deeper human needs and managed to stay away from the totalitarian power’s planned genocides and the siren songs. But Berlin has not succeeded, assuming due to the history of ideas environment while compilation his essays, to respond to additional essential queries plaguing in the liberals’ minds such as whether it could tackle 20th/21st-century pressing issues Or whether it mutated into a dark distortion of its self, therefore, making a deal with postmodern regal power as being symbolized by the X Filesque financial and military Free World gluttonous elites who batten onto the unenviable situation of the bigger part of the globe such as Africa, Latin America, East Europe and part of Asia. Berlin essays on his hero, Herzen, fathers, and children controversy, Turgenev and juxtaposed to Herzen, Bakunin are not dated, fresh and more so universal. Tolstoy is unsurpassable covered, and I doubt it can be done better. But essays like those covering Russia, the 1848 revolutions, German Romanticism, and Russian populism, although brightly weaven, they are of historical interest than relevant to the contemporary metastable angst condition. But eventually, Berlin made his point about his ideas of liberalism. References Isaiah Berlin (1994) Russian Thinkers, Penguin Publishers, UK.
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It refers to the fact that such individuals take approximately 15 prescription medications a year in addition to over-the-counter drugs. Many factors, including the fragmented healthcare industry, irregular doctor visits, and medication availability, are responsible for the given state of affairs. Thus, this issue is significant to the healthcare system, my future, and required professional behaviors. The drug epidemic is important because it adversely affects the medical industry. On the one hand, some medications imply side effects, meaning that their intake can bring more harm than benefit. On the other hand, if an individual is prescribed many drugs, it is typical that they fail to follow the doctor’s prescription accurately. It results in the fact that medication therapy does not improve health conditions. Since I am a future healthcare provider, this specific issue significantly affects me. It is so because the article has helped me understand that the drug epidemic essentially impacts population health, meaning that it is necessary to address the problem. That is why I feel my personal responsibility in mitigating the adverse effects of medication overuse. Furthermore, the article relates to the specific course outcome that will be described below. Healthcare providers should demonstrate specific behaviors to assume roles in their professions. Firstly, one should ensure that the offered assistance is beneficial for a patient. Since it is not obligatory to prescribe a drug, Brody (2019) shows that patients can be advised to avoid hypotensive medication if they “lose weight and reduce their sodium intake” (para. 17). Secondly, significant behavior is to respect the health peculiarities of people. That is why healthcare providers can motivate patients to “maintain an accurate list of all their medications” (Brody, 2019, para. 18). These behaviors can lead to the fact that older people will be protected against the drug epidemic. References Brody, J. E. (2019). The hidden drug epidemic among older people . The New York Times.
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History of Ancient Greek Essay The eclipse of Thales was an astronomical event that was predicted by Thales of Miletus, who correctly predicted it. It was the accuracy and correctness of the prediction that daunted astronomers for years to come. The next person to develop a means to predict such cosmic events would do it after four centuries. This event hailed a new set of astronomers who tried to figure out the means to predict such future events and change the thought of it being an omen to it being a natural event. Artists who were profound in human anatomical knowledge developed Kouros in ancient Greece. The Greeks learned about human anatomy by observing human motion in the colosseums where male fighters used to fight naked. Another important fact is that the Greeks were great in battle, and many fights and wars were happening at the time. The kouros was a tool used for creating armor before being worn by soldiers. The influx of other societal cultures also influenced the development of the kouros. Sparta began as a small farming community in southern Greece and when their population grew, they needed more land. Therefore, they did what was necessary and invaded the Messenians and after a long war, they won and made the Messenians their slaves. The Messenian population was ten times larger than the Spartans, so they revolted, but the Spartans still won again (Two very different city-states: Sparta and Athens., 2016). After this, the Spartans decided to be a military-style country with all men joining the army after the age of seven. The men focused on being warriors, and the women focused on having children and taking care of their property (Alen, 2019). The nation had two kings and other councils who oversaw the nation’s military might as that was their entire purpose. References Alen, S. (2019). Spartan system of government . Short History Website. Two very different city-states: Sparta and Athens. (2016). Constitutional Rights Foundation.
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Female Sexuality in Media of the 1950s Essay The role and image of women in modern society have changed compared to how they were perceived in the 1950s. Traditionalists believe that women are sex symbols and caregivers; therefore, they should be submissive, obedient, loyal, and never challenge the position of men in society. The media continues to portray women in a bad light, especially when it comes to their roles in supporting other characters in movies. Nobody has ever raised the concern over the mistreatment of women by the media and arts. Women have struggled to untangle themselves from the oppressive media and arts that think they are sex objects. This essay examines how female sexuality was portrayed in different perspectives in the 1950s. Marilyn Monroe is a perfect illustration of the position of women in the arts during the post-war times in America. She suffered a bitter past and experienced serious challenges that almost discouraged her from investing time and energy in acting. However, her resilience and perseverance motivated Marilyn to overlook the unfair treatment she received from colleagues. She was always given a ‘dark’ role that centered on portraying the sexuality of women as sex objects. Moreover, her position as a dumb blonde enabled the audience to explore the accepted predicaments of women in American society. Most actresses of the 1950s were given roles that portrayed them as abstract sex symbols. The media did little to alleviate their problems and instead fuelled them by providing cheap publicity and unwarranted coverage of their private lives. It is surprising that Monroe disdained these roles, but none of her directors bothered to listen to her pleas. However, she focused on achieving greater objectives, and this encouraged her to overlook the existing challenges. Most Americans were not ready to accept that women are to be respected, just like their male counterparts. The few supportive roles that were offered in acting portrayed them as desperate people who were willing to accept any offer thrown to them. Widespread racial discrimination became a common practice in all film companies as Native Americans get preference while their counterparts suffered. The sexualization of women and beauty pageants in America started after the Second World War. Most women were assigned the roles of cleaning, cooking, and taking care of veteran soldiers returning from wars. These soldiers spend most of their tie admiring their servants, and this became the origin of beauty pageants. The beauty of a woman was assessed on her image and sexualism. Women who looked sexy and beautiful were considered heroes in the beauty pageant. Intelligence and other personality traits of women were seldom used as criteria for selecting winners. Miss America became a title for the sexiest woman, and nobody questioned the intellectual or personality traits of the winner. However, significant changes took place from the 1960s onwards as civil societies and women raise their voices to oppose the patriarchal family systems. Most women started being independent as they invested in education and careers. These changes introduce a new twist in the American Beauty pageant as the criterion for selecting winners focused on the intellectual and social lives of contestants. The independence of women in the 1990s opened room for them to invest in education and this opened room for stiff competition with their male counterparts. Today, women continue to fight for their rightful position despite resistance from male chauvinism and primitive traditional practices. Works Cited Reumann, Miriam G. American Sexual Character: Sex, Gender, and National Identity in the Kinsey Reports. California: University of California Press, 2005. Print.
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ILKA’s Brand Identity Through the Brand Identity Prism Essay ILKA is a fashion brand based in Western Australia that produces apparel and has a store (ILKA Family Store) selling independent local brands. It was founded in 2016 by design duo Kate Wilks and Erin Taylor, who met while studying fashion design in Perth, Western Australia, and has been working together for years designing and manufacturing apparel (Cipriano 2018). In 2018, they used their experience in the retail industry to open a store in Mount Hawthorn, now selling around 20 local WA brands. When analysing ILKA through a brand identity prism, six elements are to be identified: physique, personality, culture, relationship, reflection, and self-image. Physique includes the logo, style guide, colour palette, and the presentation of products. ILKA has a clean and sleek visual style, with a simple black-and-white logo and website design, and colourful photographs of products. Personality determines how the brand communicates with the audience. ILKA is friendly and open in its communication, positioning itself as a member of the local community dedicated to its development. The most recent example is the shift that the brand made during the pandemic to producing face masks and scrubs after it has been contacted by one of the customers with a request for high-quality professional clothes (Mckenzie 2020). Overall, the brand image is consistent and appealing to the audience. The brand’s Culture is built around community, support, and sustainability. It places emphasis on creating products through ethical trade and sustainable practices and supporting small local manufacturers. Relationship between the brand and consumers is based on its active social network presence and promoting the idea that when buying the products, customers support the artists behind them, which creates a sense of engagement (The ILKA Family n.d.). Reflection and Self-image define how the brand sees its customers and how customers visualize their ideal selves. ILKA’s products are targeted at female customers “broad in age, ranging from 25 to 50 years, who seek premium brands with an exceptional design aesthetic, whilst also keeping in line with their social conscience” (Cipriano 2018). Customers are encouraged to see the brand as a unique apparel manufacturer with an individual approach to both customers and the featured designers and a high level of awareness of sustainability issues. The brand is clear, consistent, and cohesive in its communication with customers, presentation, marketing materials, and brand values within both branches of its activity. Both the clothing brand and the store share the common principles of community, support, and sustainability. The clothing label is based on the ideas of transparency, quality, and high-end craftsmanship and is open and friendly in communicating with consumers (ILKA n.d.). The store is dedicated to supporting designers that adhere to the principles of ethical trade and sustainable practices and appeals to customers by encouraging them to invest in the artist behind the product (The ILKA Family n.d.). The brand’s image, physique, and personality are consistent with the company’s values and establish ILKA as a friendly and open brand that cares both for its customers as well as the local community. References Cipriano, Belinda. 2018. “ILKA Duo Setting New Standards in Style and Elegance.” Fremantle Gazette. Web. ILKA. n.d. “Our Story.” 2020. Web. Mckenzie, Matt. 2020. “ Manufacturer Retool for Essential Products .” Business News. Web. The ILKA Family. n.d. “Our Story.” 2020. Web.
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Meg Whitman’s Experience at eBay, Inc Case Study Meg Whitman is CEO of eBay, Inc. The particular approaches to developing strategies and her leadership qualities made Whitman one of the most successful CEOs in the market world. Meg Whitman’s leadership depends on the effective combination of methods discussed by Kotter as the ways to create the major change within the company. Whitman contributed to the development of eBay, Inc. with references to using the efficient planning and marketing strategies. Kotter developed the Eight Step Process for Creating Major Change, and Meg Whitman followed all the steps during her integrating process into the company’s culture. Thus, the focus on changing the environment in relation to using the eight-step model can be discussed as more effective in comparison with the usage of the strategies to promote the company’s rapid growth. The strategy can be followed successfully when the guiding coalition is created. Whitman demonstrated her abilities as the effective leader and focused on the slow development of the working team. For example, Meg Whitman used the pattern developed in the company in relation to team-building process previously and improved it basing on the ideas of unity of internal and external community cultures along with encouraging and empowering employees to provide their own opinions and recommendations. Furthermore, Whitman decided to integrate into the company’s culture conducting frequent meetings where the team could solve the issues and interact effectively. To direct the change effort, Whitman proposed the radical vision as the main goal of the company. She stated that it is important to become the world’s largest person-to-person trading company which operates online. From this point, the long-term perspective became focused on the proclaimed vision. To achieve the vision, Whitman developed strategies to work on such issues as the market and brand positioning. That is why, the frequent meetings helped communicate the new vision of the company’s development. Whitman focused on the effective communication between the participants of the team using senior managers as role models to demonstrate the elements of behaviors expected from the other employees. Empowering broad-based action, Whitman changed the structure of the organization. Whitman started to work in the engineering-driven organization. To achieve the significant progress, it was necessary to change the structure of the organization with references to the increasing number of employees. Thus, the organization’s structure was later divided into units or departments. To generate short-term wins and achieve visible improvements, Whitman concentrated on developing a strategy for the company’s investment, on defining the marketing strategy, and on preparing eBay Inc. for IPO during the first weeks of working in the company. The further wins of the company were associated with overcoming the controversial issue of selling firearms by eBay Inc. To respond to the community’s expectations, it was necessary to improve the working strategies. The further consolidation of gains and production of more changes was based on supporting the principles of the community’s safety and on developing the partnership relations with many companies, including AOL and Butterfield & Butterfield. Thus, the company focused on the ethical principles of selling to contribute to the community’s safety. Furthermore, the company’s promotion was based on the cooperation with AOL and developed advertising strategies. The increase in profits was connected with Butterfield & Butterfield’s strategy in relation to eBay Inc. Having hired experienced managers and legal councils, Whitman achieved not only short-term goals but also the main vision of the company.
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Violence and Masculinity in “Tough Guise 2” Documentary Essay (Movie Review) Regardless of the numerous attempts to create a humanistic society, violence still remains one of the ongoing issues that result in the emergence of multiple problems and conflicts. In his documentary, Jackson Katz also touches upon this very problem associating it with the concept of masculinity and men’s power. Evaluating racial, ethnic, and class factors, Katz comes to the conclusion that the background for the bursts of violence lies in the American culture and mentality that offer an outdated image of manhood while contemporary society is still unable to step aside and accept new ideas. (Katz, 2013). For this reason, in the majority of cases, masculinity is closely connected with aggressive actions and behaviors that are needed to demonstrate the dominant position and assert oneself. It constitutes a significant problem for contemporary society because of the deterioration of relations between genders and various social groups. In such a way, violence remains one of the critical aspects associated with men’s movement and gender stereotypes. However, Katz (2013) and Woods and Fixmer-Oraiz (2017) are sure that the problem is not only in males who adhere to the outdated stereotypes and behave in certain ways. There are also many cases of violence involving women which means that the core issue is that aggression remains one of the tools utilized in modern communities to achieve particular goals or defend a certain position. That is why a significant reduction of the level of violence can be attained via that reconsideration of the functioning of society and the elimination of stereotypes traditionally associated with masculinity and dominance. Altogether, aggressive behaviors remain one of the topical questions of the modern world as they make impossible the further development of humanistic ideas. References Katz, J. (Director). (2013). Tough guise 2 [Video file]. Web. Woods, J., & Fixmer-Oraiz, N. (2017). Gendered lives: Communication, gender, and culture (13th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
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Water Transportation Industry’s Impact on Wildlife Case Study Table of Contents 1. Summary 2. Problem 3. Signification of the Problem 4. Development of Alternate Action 5. Recommendations 6. Reference List Summary This paper dwells upon the impact of water transportation industry on the underwater wildlife. It is possible to note that emissions and the use of ballast water can be seen as serious issues that pose hazards to maritime animals. There are numerous ways to address the issue. In the first place, it is important to use advance technology (hydraulics to decrease emissions). Secondly, it is essential to develop proper system of risk ranking as well as measures to diminish hazards of invasions. It is also necessary to develop a holistic strategy that could include both issues and could be applicable globally. Problem Water transportation industry is one of the most developed industries globally. It accounts for about 80% of all commercial cargo shipments (Ibrahim & El-naggar, 2012). Clearly, this is one of the most important ways to deliver goods, as it is comparatively quick and inexpensive (when compared to air transportation). At the same time, the industry poses numerous hazards to the wildlife. Such issues as oil spills, emissions, and ballast water usage are most common and most serious environmental concerns. Signification of the Problem The transportation industry accounts for 23% of all emissions and it is clear that lion share of these emissions is produced by water transportation (Ribeiro et al., 2007). The vast majority of vessels use diesel fuel, which has a significant negative effect on underwater wildlife. It is noteworthy that older vessels (used for more than 30-40 years) are not utilized but are used in developing countries, which leads to additional emissions into air and water (Imura, 2013). Numerous species are dying out or have to migrate in search for more favorable conditions. Apart from that, the use of ballast water also poses certain threats. The usage of ballast water is important for vessel’s proper functioning and the crew’s safety (Hassan, 2010). However, the water is taken from the sea (ocean) with different species. The species are brought to new areas and it increases the risks of future invasions (Keller, Drake, Drew & Lodge, 2011). The invasions may result in the competition between old and new species for food and space, preying on the old species, the change of habitat as well as alternation of the environmental conditions. Keller et al. (2011, p. 94) note that the nature of “invasions form the shipping is poorly understood” and, hence, it is difficult to predict exact consequences for the environment. It is necessary to add that there are certain regulations concerning emissions, pollution as well as the use of ballast water. However, the pollution of the oceans and the number of endangered species suggests that the regulations are far from being effective. One of the most serious issues is the lack of a holistic approach and global perspectives. Many countries have specific laws and regulations but many of them are inefficient. There is a need in development of an effective global strategy that will address the issue. Development of Alternate Action Researchers have developed numerous strategies to address the issue. One of these possible solutions is reduction of emissions in new vessels by 5-30% and in old ships by 4-20% (Ribeiro et al., 2007). This reduction can be achieved with the help of new energy-saving technologies (hydrodynamics). It has been estimated that the short-term potential “of operational measures at 1-40%” but the figures differ due to differences in ship utilization terms (Ribeiro et al., 2007, p. 356). As far as long-term reduction potential is concerned, Ribeiro et al. (2007) note that it can reach 28.2% by 2020. Researchers also state that there is a very simple Another possible solution is associated with the use of ballast water. Keller et al. (2011) note that adequate ranking system is essential to measure risks of invasions. The researchers have developed a particular measurement system that ranks possible risks and the system may be used in ports worldwide. Clearly, this ranking system can be the first step in dealing with the problem. Recommendations One of the most important issues to address is development of a holistic approach that could be used globally. All countries have to participate in development and implementation of regulations. Such international organizations as WTO in cooperation with environmentalist organizations and governments of countries have to play essential role in the process of regulations implementation. Thus, it is essential to start the process of upgrading vessels and using advanced technology to minimize emissions. It is also important to introduce speed limits as the speed needs more fuels and results in more emissions (Hassan, 2010). The measurement system ranking risks of invasions has to be used in all major (and in the course of time) in all ports of the world. It is also important to reinforce regulations concerning the use of ballast water to make sure that all vessels comply with the rules. These steps can significantly improve the situation and address the issues concerning pollution of the ocean and the change of the habitat. Reference List Hassan, K. (2010). RW12: Pollution of marine environment in Bangladesh by shipping and the preventive methods . Web. Ibrahim, A.M., & El-naggar, M.M.A. (2012). Ballast water review: Impacts, treatments and management. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research , 12 (7), 976-984. Imura, H. (2013). Environmental issues in China today: A view from Japan . New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media. Keller, R.P., Drake, J.M., Drew, M.B., & Lodge, D.M. (2011). Linking environmental conditions and ship movements to estimate invasive species transport across the global shipping network. Diversity and Distributions , 17 (1), 93-102. Ribeiro, S.K., Kobayashi, S., Beuthe, M., Gasca, J., Greene, D., Lee, D.S., … Zhou, P.J. (2007). Transport and its infrastructure . Web.
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The quick growth of tourism in Asia in recent years has produced concern about the socio-cultural, financial, and ecological effects on Asian culture and community. In some Asian destinations, such as Thailand and China, their Asian visitors significantly outstrip Caucasian visitors and local tourists critically outnumber intercontinental tourists (Hall and Page The Geography of Tourism and Recreation 45). The result is a necessity to re-hypothesize socio-cultural transformation ascending from tourism, and to re-examine a number of the principal stereotypes about the impacts of the leisure industry. One of the marketing strategies entitled to sparkle the interest to the Asian tourist destinations might be the popularization of family-based travel. Leisure time and the partaking in spiritual events would be practiced with friends and family and become more than just a tourist attraction (Porananond and King 10). Asian tourism should be founded principally on the multivalent charm of the perception of heritage, the expansion of the discourses of the past, and continuous building of heritage. The tourism sector in Asian countries should do some work on the cultural origination, individuality, and genuineness. Another strategy might be keeping local tourists in the core zones of parks so that tourists could understand local ethos and lifestyle. On the other hand, this particular strategy might result in a number of complex issues, even being beneficial to the development of the rural economy. When creating a marketing strategy, one should be aware that Asian tourism is considerably predisposed to the Anglo-American periodicals and study (Hall and Page Tourism in South and Southeast Asia 11). Of particular interest is how increased attention to Asian tourism will unavoidably bring a new inspection of the demand and stock of heritage-themed souvenirs (Cave and Jolliffe 191). Increasing interest in these heritage resources might be another marketing strategy for most of the Asian countries. One should also remember that the cultural tourism in the area is changing away from that established primarily to service Western cultural and sightseeing visitors as this market declines in figures. Another factor that is also declining is the length of the visit of European tourists (Cochrane 82). This may replicate a tendency where more than a few shorter holidays during the year are taken, and a smaller number of younger people are visiting the Asian countries. This is why one should take into account the domestic sector when working on a marketing strategy. Leisure activities within the country would help to boost the tourism economy and reallocate wealth from urban to rural zones. Under the present world trend of maintainable development, it would be reasonable to pay close attention to the ecotourism as a means of creating and sustaining the marketing strategy aimed to provoke the Asian tourism growth. Nowadays, it is the most noticed sector in tourism, and three elements are well connected by it. These are the protection of nature and culture, the profit of local people, and the growth opportunity for tourism. It is advised to continue on embracing the Asian cultural heritage as it is (and will always be) one of the main tourist attractions. The focus should be made on the tourists from Europe and numerous tourists from local destinations. The socio-cultural values should be well-looked-after and persistently promoted all across the globe among the tourists of all age categories in order to bring to the world’s attention the spirituality and uniqueness of the Asian tourist destinations. Works Cited Cave, Jenny, and Lee Jolliffe. Tourism and Souvenirs: Glocal Perspectives from the Margins . Bristol: Channel View Publications, 2014. Print. Cochrane, Janet. Asian Tourism: Growth and Change . Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2012. Print. Hall, Colin Michael, and Stephen Page. The Geography of Tourism and Recreation: Environment, Place, and Space . London: Routledge, 2014. Print. Tourism in South and Southeast Asia: Issues and Cases . London: Routledge, 2012. Print. Hall, Colin Michael, Daniel Scott, and Stefan Gössling. “The Primacy of Climate Change for Sustainable International Tourism.” Sustainable Development 21.2 (2013): 112-21. Web. Porananond, Ploysri, and Victor T. King. Rethinking Asian Tourism: Culture, Encounters and Local Response . Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars, 2014. Print.
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Baptism Rituals and Theologies Essay Table of Contents 1. Death of Infants and Fate 2. Christ and Infant Baptism 3. Views 4. Bibliography 5. Footnotes Death of Infants and Fate Infants possess the original sins that each person attains after birth. According to various religious beliefs from Christian communities, the practice of baptism cleanses those sins. Essentially, they can die with or without the sins depending on this practice. Technically, the personal sins are absent from them as they have not reached the age of accountability. In this light, the infants baptized through Christian faith are believed acceptable in heaven as they have no sins. However, those who die before baptism bring a controversy that churches like the Catholic Church do not clarify on their fate 1 . In respect to this controversy, theologians have a wide range of theories indicating that the infant’s souls are received in Limbo, which is believed to have absolute happiness or mildest punishment. It is, therefore, apparent that children who die before attaining individual consciousness can be sinful depending on whether they are not baptized. In answering the subject question, they are not primarily innocent of sin unless in the conditions stipulated within this paragraph. Christ and Infant Baptism Essentially, there are many Christianity-based arguments that support the baptism of infants. It has been argued that baptism is a practice for believers in which they protest their faith to other people. This argument implies that those who believe in Christ are his remnants through decision making. For instance, it has been indicated in Romans 6: 3-4 that, “all of us who have been baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? We were buried with him by baptism into death, in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, we too might walk in newness” 2 . A similar case is apparent in the book of Acts 2: 38. In this aspect, Peter relented to this attribute while preaching to the people, “repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit” 3 . It shows that baptism is a declaration of obedience to Christ, a vow of submission and forgiveness of sins. It, hence, dictates that the amended work of Christ has pertinent application to infants’ salvation since it declares baptism as a way of clearing their sins. Views In one sense, the infants possess a sin that restricts them from entering heaven as per the judgment of human beings. Critically, the infants have not performed sins like the adults. The responsibility of these sins is mediated by the parents or concerned religious bodies such as the Catholic Church. Perceptually, the baptism is not only a step of welcoming the infant to the proposed religion, but also signifying the purification and beliefs of initiation from the Old Testament. It implies that the baptism is a vital ritual for infants while considering its outcomes to the practices of circumcision as in the time of Abraham. In fact, it credits the teaching of St. Peter as perceived from the Acts of Apostles. Essentially, humanity was subjected to a curse from God after eating the forbidden fruit. This curse was initiated to all people regardless of whether the infants were conscious or not. Conclusively, it is imperative to take the responsibility of handling infants and incorporate them into the Christian doctrines through baptism. Bibliography Boyd, Gregory, and Eddy Paul. Across the spectrum: understanding issues in evangelical theology . Grand Rapids, Mich: Baker Academic, 2009. Lutzer, Erwin. The doctrines that divide: a fresh look at the historic doctrines that separate Christians . Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1998. Mitch, Curtis. The New Testament . San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 2010. Footnotes 1. Gregory Boyd and Eddy Paul, Across the spectrum: understanding issues in evangelical theology (Grand Rapids, Mich: Baker Academic, 2009), 48-53. 2. Erwin Lutzer, The doctrines that divide: a fresh look at the historic doctrines that separate Christians (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel Publications, 1998), 67-79. 3. Curtis Mitch, The New Testament (San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 2010), 110-187.
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It indicates that strong societal orientation towards normal sex condition and considerations of other sexualities like intersex as less normal is brought out as wrong and oppressive in the sense that it denies intersex individuals basic human rights requirements and reduces their overall contribution to societal development. Besides, the issue of intersex in many societies has been regarded as strange and has thus been shrouded with secrecy and immense shame witnessed among individuals with this condition who hide for fear of being rejected. However, as Greenberg posits, the conservative nature of a community strongly conflicts with changes depicted by the modern society (Greenberg par. 1). She indicates that it is critical that a community and its legal system provide a holistic non-discriminatory structure where all members of the community have equal rights irrespective of their sexuality. The blog by Julia Greenberg majors on the problem of intersex which has over the years raised immense concerns related to gender and identity. Indeed, sexual identity has remained a key facet in dictating cultural orientations of most communities. As the blog notes, the condition that intersex individuals are brings about a sexual identity problem which in turn cause many of them in the society today to disclose their sexual status in the community for fear of discrimination and victimization (Greenberg par. 1). It is worth noting that with sexual identity being used as a key identifying factor in terms of determining the actual roles of an individual in a family and a relationship, intersex individuals experience a hard time fitting in the highly fixed social network of friends, workmates and families within a society. As indicated in the blog, due to the rising awareness of the need to support intersex groups by the international community, more intersex individuals have come out in the open to declare their status in order to overcome current barriers and discrimination in society. Additionally, the blog indicates that discriminating intersex groups in a society provides a major platform towards their direct dependence on the government and/or their relatives for support. Greenberg (Par. 2) is categorical that although the federal government has taken time to enact laws against discrimination, the intervention ultimately narrows down to shouldering the burden of supporting them through a welfare system. The blog seeks to determine a viable solution that will address problems facing individuals with intersex condition. It notes that the need to address all members of a society equally regardless of their sex cannot be effective without support from communities at all levels and through enacting effective laws. Without a doubt, while it is generally agreeable that the government is indeed providing necessary support and seeking to reach out to all, communities should preach the need for harmonious coexistence and condemn stereotypes that depict intersex individuals negatively in the society. Greenberg (par. 5) indicates that following the negative stereotypes, intersex members of a society have been segregated and dissociated by other people. As a result, intersex individuals tend to be set aside and can only freely relate with members with same condition. Under this consideration, they are unable to participate and contribute to the normal activities of the society. This is highly traumatizing and culminates to majority of intersex members hiding their affiliation in the society. Alliances and justice movements are for that reason important in offering support to these individuals. However, the issue of intersex is shrouded with many mistaken beliefs related to homosexuality and whether or not the process of creating laws will protect and advance homosexuality. As such, the blog should clarify what intersex is all about to eliminate misconceptions on whether or not it is part of transgender or GLBT movement and whether the existing laws will protect homosexuals. Works Cited Greenberg, Julia. Sex matters: legal strategies and alliance building in the intersex community . 2012. Web. < http://blogs.law.columbia.edu/genderandsexualitylawblog/ >.
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* Method: The method used by the researcher/author is nationwide calculation and combination of data from unemployment indexes, the number of robots sold, and household income. * Context: The worldwide automation has brought a polarization of the workforce, which leads to the decline of the middle class. * Findings: The hourly wage graph illustrates that workers with average skill percentile are at the highest risk of job loss, whereas high skill percentile occupations are experiencing the fastest growth. * Conclusions: There are two conflicting elements, which are productivity and employment. The nation’s struggle to raise productivity levels causes painful side effects for people with less skill percentile jobs. Robots at Work * Scope: The scope of the article is to analyze the automation’s effect on the economy through statistical tools. * Method: The data from the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) in combination with a survey conducted by Sky News, which is a British TV station. Two factors were considered, which are replaceability, and reaching and handling. * Context: Technological advancement is an essential part of the economy; therefore, its rapid growth causes substantial consequences, such as removal of sophisticated industry-related jobs. * Findings: The robot market is experiencing a price decline due to the improved production rate, which leads to an increased replacement of people by technology. * Conclusions: The fear of unemployment among people possesses substantial evidence because robots are becoming cheaper workforce per hour. Technological unemployment: Educating for the fourth industrial revolution * Scope: The scope of the article is to address the warnings of technological unemployment problem by attempting to focus on educating people for possible changes. * Method: The method used by the researcher/author is a collective analysis of the current data and reviews of lead experts concerned with the given issue. * Context: The fourth industrial revolution possesses a great deal of chance of happening because there is a historical pattern for innovative outbursts in the economy. * Findings: Although the opinions of experts vary, there is one commonality. The next industrial revolution can be more substantial than previous ones because it will involve cyber-physical systems. * Conclusions: The necessary educational campaigns should be made in order to make solid preparations for the future. The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries * Scope: The scope of the article is to address the debates between the US and Europe, where the topic of concern is the risk of computerization. * Method: The method used by the researchers/authors is a task-based approach for estimation of job automatability by taking into account the heterogeneity of worker’s skill. * Context: The given paper possesses two main purposes, which are to calculate the job risk rates across OECD countries and discuss adjustment measures plausible for firm and organizations. * Findings: The main result is that the computerization process both destroys and creates job opportunities in the market. * Conclusions: The authors conclude that automatization and digitalization will not eliminate a large portion of jobs, because it will create more career opportunities for workers. Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation * Scope: The scope of the article is to overview and analyze the reasons for workplace dynamics. * Method: The method used by the researcher/author is a review of the current knowledge and information on the given issue. * Context: Working class and job market experience substantial changes due to the automation, but the amount of available jobs does not decrease. * Findings: There are three main factors influencing the job market, which are task complementation, the elasticity of labor supply, and the output flexibility of demand. * Conclusions: The process of automation does not directly lead to job replacement, because some occupations are simply complemented and enhanced by digitalization, which allows concluding that the computerization improves job conditions of some workers. Reference Autor, D. H. (2015). Why are there still so many jobs? The history and future of workplace automation. American Economic Association , 29 (3), 3–30. Rotman, D. (2013). How technology is destroying jobs. MIT Technology Review Magazine, 116 (4), 29–35. Arntz, M., Gregory, T., & Zierahn, U. (2016). The risk of automation for jobs in OECD countries. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, 1 (189), 4–25. Peters, M. A. (2017). Technological unemployment: Educating for the fourth industrial revolution. Educational Philosophy and Theory , 49 (1), 1-6. Graetz, G., & Michaels, G. (2018). Robots at work. The Review of Economics and Statistics , 100 (5), 753–768.
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Successful Life and High Status in Society Essay Introduction In most cases, a successful person is the one considered wealthy and of high profile in society. Most people aspire to lead a successful life but find it difficult, as they are not rich or famous. However, successful life is a satisfying life and entails not only being wealthy but also having good personal health and happiness. To achieve this, a good understanding of a balanced living, which involves good relationships with family members and friends, integrity, honesty, and hard work in one’s endeavors is necessary. Successful people do not always lead successful lives. Family problems, health issues, and poor interpersonal relationships with other people among others prevent them from living a full life. Busy work schedules for top company managers mean that they have less time to spare for family, friends, and even for themselves; consequently, they do not lead a full life often associated with success. On the other hand, people who find time to spend with family and friends often lead to happier and satisfying lives. The CEO’s suggestion that he would prefer to swap places with his gardener shows his desire to lead a successful satisfying life instead of a busy unsatisfying one. Principles of a Successful Life A successful and satisfying life is associated with having a positive life philosophy that focuses on all other aspects of success other than wealth and fame alone. The CEO describes the gardener as a man who works hard. Hard work improves one’s financial standing and provides a sense of satisfaction, which is important in living a full life. Laziness on the other hand leads to poverty and bars an individual from leading a successful life. All successful people have one thing in common; they all worked hard to be successful in their careers and to achieve a high social standing. The gardener can balance family and work, which gives him a more satisfying life as he gets support and spousal support, a key element in personal life. His availability whenever his family needs him reduces family conflicts and builds greater integration leading to a more successful life. Work-family balance allows an individual to adapt to different roles and it provides satisfaction and better performance at work. A satisfying, healthy, and productive life includes not only work but also family love. Family conflicts on the other hand affect a person’s performance. The desire to live a full life is everybody’s wish; however, work-related problems affect people’s life philosophy and goals or purpose in life. The gardener has an optimistic outlook on life while the CEO has challenges in the workplace that require difficult decision-making. His prospects of declining profitability of the organization also affect his outlook on life. This among other work-related issues deters him from achieving a satisfying life enjoyed by the gardener. The gardener’s work may not be as stressful as life as a CEO for he can handle it successfully thus enjoying a better living which is desirable by everybody. Therefore, I think the CEO would agree to change places with the gardener because he has finally realized that one’s life does not consist of the abundance of material things he possesses. Conclusion Success does not necessarily warrant a satisfying happy life. To enjoy the fullness of life, one must do several things including hard work, good interpersonal relationships, work-family balance, and have a positive outlook towards life. If I were the CEO, I would agree to change places with the gardener because I want a satisfying life just like everyone else.
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Skills That Make Teachers Effective Essay Skills that make teachers effective Teaching is a task that can be entrusted to any determinant person. Teachers should be passionate about their job. This can motivate them and hence make them achieve success in their teaching profession. Most developed countries have many educated persons because most teachers in these countries use effective teaching strategies to their students. Some of the effective teaching skills that one can bring to the 21 st Century classroom include good communication skills, student-teacher engagement, and giving room for individualized learning among others. In this case, a teacher becomes successful if he or she is capable of creating a rapport with his or her students. This can help him or her connect easily with the learners and feel their needs on an individual level. Good communication plays a significant role in ensuring that students and teachers understand each other well, both inside and outside classrooms. Through good communication, students can comprehend everything that teachers present to them. A teacher too can tell whether his or her students get what he or she puts across, and hence make rectifications where necessary. It is also critical for educators to get their students engaged. This may include involving students in social but educative activities such as games and humour among others. Nevertheless, teaching should be student-centred. Teachers should try as much as possible to relate their teachings to the immediate real environment. Effective teachers also need to incorporate relevant doses of humour in their teaching, which can help students gain confidence in their work. To be an effective teacher within the current century, one needs to act and not to react. This can create good relations with students; hence improve their performance in studies. An effective teacher has to be precise and clear when giving out instructions. To make things different from the obvious routine, a teacher needs to give room for individualized learning. Students have different learning abilities, particularly with regard to the speed of grasping various contents taught in class. Putting all these into consideration, a teacher can do his or her best to attend to each learner in their class. A teacher has to give a positive feedback to his or her students whenever they do a good job. This encourages them to do even better. Moreover, a teacher has to involve students in making decisions. They should love their job because this can make them very determined in educating students. Reasons to educate in Virginia One would teach in Virginia because of the desire to join the best quality and diverse teachers that will enable him or her to add to his experiences and qualities. The institution emphasizes on the need to make students capable, self-reliant and responsible. Any teacher would love to be part of this mission increasing students’ academic achievements and learning. Having a teaching license in Virginia gives one the credit to teach in other high institutions, due to the high quality associated with the teaching careers.
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“Kundun” Biographical Drama by Martin Scorsese Essay (Movie Review) Question 1 Kundun is a 1997 epic biographical movie directed by Martin Scorsese. This historical drama tells the story of the fourteenth Dalai Lama – a political and spiritual leader of Tibet named Tenzin Gyatso (Baker 56). The film’s title (which means “presence”) refers to the way the Dalai Lama is addressed. Among other actors, a real grandnephew and niece of the Dalai Lama star in the movie (Whalen-Bridge 49). Kundun covers a chronological sequence of events that happened in the Dalai Lama’s life from 1937 to 1959. The action primarily takes place in Tibet, with only a few episodes in China and India. The story begins with the search for the new reincarnation of the Dalai Lama: it turns out to be a farmer’s child who passed the candidate test and now must move to Potala Palace to wait until his coming of age (Higham 14). The boy, who first felt frightened and homesick, gradually begins to play a more active role in the spiritual and political life of Tibet. However, simultaneously with the struggle for power within his own country, he has to deal with Chinese invaders who want to annex Tibet and impose communism on its political system. Chairman Mao Zedong meets the Dalai Lama for negotiations during which he proclaims that Tibetans have been poisoned and ruined by their religious views. The Dalai Lama is forced to flee from Tibet to India to save his life and family. After a hard journey, he finally reaches his new residence for good. The film leaves him at that point (Grist 244). Due to such an open ending, Kundun produces the impression of the first chapter of a longer and more complicated dramatic story. In my opinion, the movie is admirable in its commitment to the director’s vision. Scorsese refuses to meet the audience’s expectations. Instead of packing Kundun with action, he manages to capture the nature of holiness by portraying spiritual enlightenment against the atrocious background of the century’s events. The movie features a fascinating surreal visual imagery and sublime music. I enjoyed the way Kundun is directed and the message it communicates to the viewer. However, the film feels emotionally detached. It’s difficult to sympathize with the main character as his life is shown as a sequence of parables, which is far from plausible. Despite this, the movie is inspiring indeed and can be recommended to anyone who enjoys artistic cinema. Question 2 The review I have chosen for the analysis is a positive one. However, despite its general correctness as well as the author’s attempts to justify his opinion, this piece of critics still lacks profoundness as it fails to address a lot of important aspects of the movie. First and foremost, the review is mostly concentrated upon the visual aspect of the movie even though it is far from its major values. The author does not touch upon the plot, the direction, or any other aspects to come out with a comprehensive overview. However, he provides a demonstrative comparison of Kundun with The Last Temptation of Christ to draw the reader’s attention to the evident supremacy of the latter (Gleiberman). I disagree with the reviewer’s opinion that the movie fails to approach the major conflict of Buddhism–the acknowledgment that life implies suffering. The movie not only gives insight into the life of the Dalai Lama but also provides a clear explanation of the way the tulku is understood and materialized. The concept is so strong in people’s minds that the viewer cannot help wondering at their unwavering faith (simultaneously realizing that suffering is unavoidable no matter how pious and virtuous you are). At the very beginning of the movie, it is evident that no one doubts that the boy is the reincarnation of the deceased Dalai Lama and the fact that they all expect miracles from a small boy hints at his future sufferings. The author of the review is wrong that the director did not manage to show how Kundun’s temperament as a person played against the demands of his pedestal–on the contrary, his detachment and lack of sensuality are aimed to show the inner struggle that characterizes a real spiritual leader. Kundun’s personal development played a considerable role in Buddhism transformation, which predetermines the tone of the narrative that follows (Evans 24). Thus, there is an evident contradiction in this critical assessment: On the one hand, the reviewer insists that the movie is deeply spiritual and demonstrates perfectly the hardships that religious icons have to go through; on the other hand, he claims that it fails to notice that the Dalai Lama is shown as a human being. The author argues that Kundun prevents the viewer from seeing a holistic picture of his life and personality since he is cold and impassive. However, we should not forget that this restraint and calmness is the result of a longitudinal inner struggle. Before watching Kundun, I had never imagined the Dalai Lama as a small boy who might be scared of the mission and power with which he had been endowed. Unfortunately, this plotline is indeed not developed enough. Nevertheless, the movie deserves a much better estimation than the review provides. Works Cited Baker, Aaron. A Companion to Martin Scorsese . John Wiley & Sons, 2014. Evans, Tristian. Shared Meanings in the Film Music of Philip Glass: Music, Multimedia, and Postminimalism . Routledge, 2016. Gleiberman, Owen. “Kundun.” Rotten Tomatoes. 1998. Web. Grist, Leighton. “Cinema of Transcendence, Cinema as Transcendence: Kundun.” The Films of Martin Scorsese, 1978–99 . Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. pp. 243-271. Higham, Charles. Howard Hughes: The Secret Life . SAt. Martin’s Griffin, 2013. Whalen-Bridge, John. “What is a ‘Buddhist Film?’.” Contemporary Buddhism, vol. 15, no. 1, 2014, pp. 44-80.
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Gender Roles in Voltaire’s Novel “Candide” Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Women’s Roles in the 18th Century 3. Gender Equality Today 4. Conclusion 5. Work Cited Introduction The 18th Century was a challenging time for women in Voltaire’s novel. The author highlights the severe inequality in his story by restricting the number of female characters and limiting the development of Cunégonde, the Old Woman, and Paquette as active participants in society. Despite having remarkably different origins, the three women have similar lives and lack complexity. It should be noted the commonly practiced sexual exploitation served to underscore women’s underprivileged position in society. The author’s articulately dreadful presentation of women not only highlighted the prevalence of misogyny but called attention to their unequivocal persecution. Women’s Roles in the 18th Century The first two female characters to be presented are Cunégonde and Paquette, and the latter serves as the former’s mother’s chambermaid. The novel’s plot suggests their lack of significance. Unlike the other characters, the two women are given physical descriptions, which emphasize their categorization as sexual objects mean for the gratification of men. There is no attempt to describe their persona, which points to the fact that they were expected to be submissive and obedient. It is vital to point out that even though Cunégonde is the Baron’s daughter, she is no different from Paquette, a maid. Her nobility is a façade that is soon torn as she is typified as a hapless damsel in distress when Candide is expelled from the castle. The Old Woman, unlike the other two, is ugly and unappealing. Voltaire presents her as a witch-like domestic worker whose primary role is the fulfillment of her master’s wishes. The absence of character development exemplifies the trivialization of women’s roles in the 18th Century. Voltaire emphasizes women’s inability to control the courses of their lives. While the women originate from varying sections of society, they share a similar fate. All three characters experience poverty, subjugation, and sexual exploitation. For instance, the Old Woman is a pope’s daughter who once lived in a palace (Voltaire 37). However, after a series of wretched events, she finds herself trapped as a servant. Cunégonde shares the Old Woman’s predicament when she is forced to labor in a scullery. In addition, she is presumed dead after “she was ripped open” by soldiers after “having been violated by many” (Voltaire 11). Paquette is coerced into a life of prostitution as she becomes a surgeon’s mistress and a judge’s concubine. The narrative parallels in the story highlight women’s vulnerability in a society where they are forced to depend on men to survive. Despite their overwhelming misfortunes, the women in the novel find a haven in Candide’s garden. This strangely desirable end to the tale points to Voltaire’s optimism for a future in which women lead dignified lives. They survived their traumatic experiences and have emerged as strong, focused professionals. Cunégonde is now an excellent cook, Paquette is skilled at embroidery, and the Old Woman is responsible for the laundry. In essence, each of the ladies makes a valuable contribution to society. Gender Equality Today Contemporary society faces a variety of gender-related issues that resemble those encountered by women in the 18th Century. While there has been some improvement, fundamental issues regarding roles and opportunities remain unaltered. For instance, men have more economic engagement opportunities, higher access to education, fewer health and safety risks, and more political representation than the opposite sex. The roles highlighted in the novel relate to today’s situation because the objectification of women remains a challenging problem. Sex has been commercialized, and a product’s popularity is inextricably linked to its association with a skimpily dressed woman. In addition, emphasis on a woman’s physical attributes rather than their personality or competence is a persistent concern in work environments where bias is prevalent. Finally, women are forced to work harder and survive unimaginably difficult conditions to gain access to opportunities that men relish. Both the contemporary and 18th Century societies share similarities in terms of the harshness and cruelty that women are exposed to in routine activities. Much like the 18th-century society, women today remain trapped in their gender-specific roles. The prevalence of sexist stereotypes in work environments is astonishing. While some women have succeeded at ascending to great heights in various aspects of their lives, the vast majority remain confined to their houses as wives and mothers. There is a constant conflict between achieving professional success and creating a thriving home. The economic environment, in its current state, does not provide opportunities for both. Therefore, a woman must sacrifice one for the other and either choose to raise her children or develop a thriving career. In effect, women are denied the opportunity to realize their full potential in all aspects of their lives. Conclusion The novel’s satirical nature serves as a mirror for society’s flaws in so far as women’s rights are concerned. The minimally developed female personality traits, the inevitable juxtaposition of their lives, and the normalization of heinous crimes such as rape serve to highlight the objectification and subjugation of women. These harsh conditions are replicated in today’s society which is as unjust as in the past. The story’s conclusion outlines the author’s perspective on the misogynistic attitude that permeates society and the hopes he holds for women in the future. Work Cited Voltaire. Candide. Edition Delince Incorporated , 2016.
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“Grapes of Wrath” and People During Great Depression Essay The history of mankind is impossible to forget. Archives, historical notes, and other writings save the reminding about the periods how people live, about the political and economical situations in the world. The appearance of cinematography allowed people not only to read about the past times but also to see what was happening. Documental and entertaining films give people an understanding of people’s lives, which keeps our memory and imagination work. The film “The Grapes of Wrath” is one of the examples when the historical events and politico-economical conditions are taken as the basis. The film “The Grapes of Wrath” was directed by John Ford. The film was based on John Steinbeck’s novel “The Grapes of Wrath”, but to the word, the ends of the film and of the book are different. The film tells about the times of the Great Depression in America in the 1930s. Being turned out by the crisis, ruined farmers from Oklahoma are searching for a better life in California. But their hopes were vain and they do not get happiness and calmness in the new place. The Great Depression follows them, ruining more and more people’s lives on its way, and reaches these farmers again. The film is concentrated on Tom Joad, who was released from prison and went back home with the hope to start a new and happy life. But it did not appear to happen. Coming home he sees all that disaster and poverty, where his family appeared. Watching the picture of his return, it is greatly understood the condition of the whole society. Even if the local preacher had lost his faith, there is nothing to tell about other people whose level of belief was on the lower level. Believing in a better life in other regions, people go to California. The journey was difficult and as they did not receive the satisfaction and desirable result from it also appears to be useless. The main idea is to fight: for the rights, for the freedom, for the ability to live. Watching on Tom Joad, it is impossible to avoid being captured by his power and desire to survive. He had to suffer a lot, the difficulties on the road, which included Grandpa’s death and the conflicts in the camps. But he managed to sustain, moreover, his soul and mind were full of resolute decisions to survive. All in him fulfilled the souls of others with the courage and resolute which he had in him. The most expressive moment, as for me is the depiction of transient migrant campgrounds. The whole situation was very emotional. The first sign of disappointment appeared when Tom Joad and his family met a man who was coming from California. They could not believe his stories about the same bad situation in the West, the there is also no work there, that people are starving, without places to live in and without means of subsistence. It is possible to understand Tom Joad as he and his family lived only by those hopes did not want to ruin them so soon. Having come to the camp the last hopes disappeared. There were no people who could have a prosperous look. Frankly speaking, it is the worst thing when hopes are ruined. People believe in something, they live only by this hole and such disillusionment is a great blow, which some people are unable to sustain. Considering such a situation two types of people can be identified, those who have power and those who do not. Tom Joad had that power, he managed to sustain that blow and be ready to fight further to achieve what he wanted. The film finishes with optimistic notes. Tom Joad is ready to fight; his aim now was to find a new world, to fight for social reform and he was sure of the succeeding outcome of that affair. The end of the film is rather optimistic in spite of the surrounding atmosphere of disaster, poverty, and disappointment. Tom says that he is ready to fight, that leaving his family (which was the necessary condition to join the movement which was following the aim to commit social justice) he still will be near them, he will be everywhere. In the places where people will fight for their rights and justice, where police will beat people, he will be there. The more important that he will be there where people will get what they want, that people will be able to eat, to work and to sleep in their houses, he will be there. These words are very powerful, they give moral satisfaction and fill souls with the same energy and desire for life. “The Grapes of Wrath” is the first film in America that is considered to be a not sentimental film about simple people. Henry Fond, Tom Joad in the film, managed to open one of the main features of the American national character – searching for truth and justice. Introducing the great number of people who have driven away from all over the country, he serves as the personification of their searching for social justice. The film may be bravely called the classical movie, which is impossible to miss.
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Canadian Income Tax Return Essay (Article) Expenses a Canadian employee receiving commission income can deduct from the Canadian Income tax return include the capital cost allowance (CCA), interest on car loan, and other expenses you had during the tax year for employment purposes. However, the expenses that can be deducted from the Canadian income tax return should not exceed the amount of commissions earned in the same tax year. Another option that is also available for the Canadian employees who receive commission income is to declare the income on behalf of a salaried employee which means that a person cannot count some types of expenses though can count the travelling expenses. The difference is that an employee receiving commission income cannot count the travelling expenses because this part of the expenses exceeds the commission earned that tax year. In this respect, the expenses to be deducted include the amount that equals commission if the real expenses (for instance, travelling expenses) are higher than the commission earned that tax year including the capital cost allowance and interest on the car loan, for instance. At the same time, an employee that earns commission income can claim the expenses as a salaried employee and include the travelling expenses adding the capital cost allowance and interest on car loan if he/she uses motor vehicle to get to the place where the work is performed. When an employee that earns commission income uses a motor vehicle to perform some work that is paid later, he/she should count the kilometers passed while the kilometers passed on regular bases should not be counted as a part of the travelling expenses in this case. For instance, if an employee uses a motor vehicle for both corporate and private purposes, he/she should distinguish between these issues and count only the kilometers passed on business while the total amount of kilometers at the end of the tax year should be also indicated in the form T777 called ‘Statement of Employment Expenses.’ The Form T777 is called ‘Statement of Employment Expenses’ and includes the expenses on accounting and legal fees, motor vehicle expenses (this means that only allowable expenses based on the per-kilometer rate should be indicated in this line), promotion and advertising, and other expenses. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the necessity of other important factors in the workplace and need for food and beverages that can be also claimed as well as all other employment expenses. The costs spent on supplies should be also indicated in the statement of employment expenses. For instance, different office supplies such as postage should be indicated in the statement and can later be deducted from the Canadian Income tax return. The thing is that other types of expenses made in the tax year at the workplace/for earning income should also be indicated in the statement of employment expenses to be later deducted from the Canadian income tax return if a person is an employee receiving commission income. Other types of expenses related to the maintenance of the motor vehicle, lodging, and parking should be indicated in the statement as well as musical instrument expenses, capital cost allowance, and work-space-in-the-home expenses (the information is retrieved from the official website of Canada Revenue Agency’s report on Employment Expenses 2010. The accounting and legal fees line includes different expenses spent on the search and obtaining of the salary collecting opportunities and rights. Reimbursement received by an individual for the legal fees and accounting should be mentioned in the statement while listing the expenses. All the expenses listed in the statement of employment expenses can be deducted from the Canadian income tax return except for the line called food, beverages, and entertainment because a person can deduct only 50% of the amount and only if it was reasonable in those conditions. A number of conditions should be followed to meet the deduction of expenses terms. So, if an employee is employed but has to pay for his/her expenses when the professional duties are required to be performed at home or in the area that is not located in the business location of the employer. The commission income is counted when a part of the income was gained in the following manner: an employee was paid some commission for services provided including an agreement made or contracts negotiated. Besides, a copy of Form T2200, Declaration of Conditions of Employment should be provided with the Form T777 called ‘Statement of Employment Expenses’. The Form T2200, Declaration of Conditions of Employment includes the information about the employer, conditions of employment, and employer declaration. The conditions of employment include necessity of working outside an office/official location of business, having expenses that are not reimbursed, being from the municipality and metropolitan area (which is very important) during at last 12 consecutive hours of the working time. Period of employment, motor vehicle allowance, if any, and requirements whether an employee had to pay for some services or goods without reimbursement options.
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Social Norms in “A Streetcar Named Desire” by Tennessee Williams Analytical Essay The play A Streetcar Named Desire written by Tennessee Williams raises several questions about gender roles and identity which are relevant even nowadays. The main character of this literary work Blanche DuBois cannot see herself as an independent and self-sufficient person. In her opinion, the life of a woman is impossible without men’s company support. She is not willing or able to change her perceptions about gender roles. This paper will compare Tennessee Williams’ play with a work of contemporary cinematography, namely the film, The Devil Wears Prada. It is necessary to show how these two works explore gender roles. This comparison can show how social norms and values have evolved since the time Tennessee Williams was writing this play. First of all, Tennessee Williams describes Blanche as a person who is extremely sensitive about her age. She avoids any conversations about it and becomes very suspicious when someone asks her how old she is. She is extremely concerned about the fading of her beauty, and even tries to console herself by saying that “Physical beauty is passing. A transitory possession. But beauty of the mind and richness of the spirit aren’t taken away, but grow!” (Williams, 108). Still, Blanche focuses only on men’s opinion about her. For example, when Mitch asks her how old she is, Blanche immediately becomes anxious and tries to find out what he thinks about her (Williams, 74). In Blanche’s opinion, beauty is the true value of a woman since it enables her to win recognition of men. In his play Tennessee Williams was able to show how men of that time viewed women and how some women regarded themselves. At this point, we need to compare Blanch with Miranda Priestly the protagonist of the film The Devil Wears Prada . This character deliberately tries to distance herself from the opposite sex. She attempts to show that she is a self-sufficient person who does not require men’s support. More importantly, she even tries to conceal the moments when she feels weak and vulnerable. Blanche DuBois would not have understood or accepted such behavior. So, to some extent, this example shows that gender roles and perceptions have been transformed. Conventional belief in female vulnerability and dependence is no longer acceptable for modern women. Yet, this movie also indicates that some common gender stereotypes are still prevalent in the modern society. For example, one can surely mention Andrea Sachs. Her friends and relatives accuse her of paying too much attention to her career and overlooking their needs. Their discontent with her reaches the highest point when she misses the birthday of her boyfriend. In their opinion, this careerism is not suitable for a woman. Such an opinion was particular popular when Tennessee Williams was writing his play, and we cannot say that it has completely disappeared nowadays. In comparison with Blanche, Miranda and Andrea are much more empowered, they still have to struggle with sexual stereotypes. The main difference between Blanche DuBois and these characters lies in their attitude toward the opposite sex. Blanche believes that a woman can hardly exist for men unless she is not the object of their sexual desires. She says, “Men don’t even admit your existence unless their making love to you. And you’ve got to have your existence admitted by someone, if you’re going to have someone’s protection” (Williams 60). This statement is the main principle to which she adheres to. She fully acknowledges her dependence on the opposite sex, and such situation is quite acceptable for her. In part, her worldview can be explained by her background; Blanche comes from an Old South family. She was raised to believe that the duty of a woman is to obey or at least accompany man (Fox-Genovese, 29). The main tragedy of Blanche DuBois is that she was conditioned to act and behave in such a way. Yet, without men’s adoration and support life means very little to her. This is why she desperately wants Mitch to fall in love with her. This is the only chance her to achieve a social status. In their turn, Miranda Priestly and Andrea Sachs oppose or even reject such worldview. For them career is of much greater importance than success with the opposite sex. Nonetheless, one should not forget that this idea of female independence is not readily accepted by the society. According to conventional perceptions of gender roles, the main task of a woman is to stay at home and look after the family, and this opinion is reflected in numerous sociological surveys (Scott, 214). Thus, one can argue that some of the opinions and stereotypes described by Tennessee Williams have survived in the twenty-first century. Overall, in his play Tennessee Williams attempted to show how social norms and values can change. Blanche DuBois is a person who cannot get used to these changes. She was raised in an entirely different culture. This is the reason why she cannot change her gender identity. In contrast, such characters as Andrea Sachs and Miranda Priestly live in a culture in which women try to become self-sufficient and achieve the positions of power. However, such attempts are not always respected or understood by other people Works Cited Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth. Within the plantation household: Black and White women of the Old South . Chapel Hill: UNC Press Books, 1988. Print. Scott, Jacqueline. Women and employment: changing lives and new challenges . NY: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008. Print. The Devil Wears Prada. Dir. David Frankel. Perf. Meryl Streep, Anne Hathaway. 20th Century Fox. 2006. Film. Williams, Tennessee. A streetcar named desire . NY: Heinemann, 1995. Print.
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This sort of relations between people was established at the dawn of civilization and acquired numerous features which shaped this concept and provided us with the idea how an ideal family should function. However, like any other social institution, the appearance of new tendencies or shifts in peoples mentalities stipulate drastic changes in the character of relationships and alter traditional perspectives on family issues. For instance, the coherent globalized society provides numerous opportunities for an individual to engage in online dating. Therefore, the impact of this phenomenon on the quality of relations and family remains doubtful. For instance, one of the apparent advantages of online dating is the lack of awkwardness peculiar to face-to-face communication, especially during first meetings. The majority of men admit the fact that the necessity to look for appropriate conversation fodders or amuse their partners scares them and results in the appearance of uncertainty about following dates (McWilliams & Barrett, 2012). McWilliams and Barrett (2012) state that it could be one of the main reasons for failures in relations. At the same time, engaging in online dating, individuals do not have to feel ashamed because of their awkward behavior or other factors that might push away a potential partner. In accordance with the latest research, the majority of people who use online dating have a negative experience of real dating (McWilliams & Barrett, 2012). Under these conditions, this practice becomes an essential alternative for them. Therefore, another advantage of online dating is individuals ability to make a selection from a wide variety of candidates. Mortensen (2013) in her article admits that the decision to flirt is made regarding personal preferences and requirements that a potential candidate should meet. For this reason, online dating services provide an outstanding opportunity to find critical information about an individual, his/her preferences, lifestyle, etc. Starting a communication, people already have some common issue to discuss, and it becomes easier for them to hold a conversation and avoid stress or other problematic moments peculiar to a real face-to-face talk or flirting. At the same time, the factors mentioned above could be considered a great disadvantage of online dating. McGloin and Denes (2016) admit that the absence of physical contact has a pernicious impact on people, their would-be relations, and socialization. In fact, sexual attractiveness is formed by a combination of numerous factors that might include shame, awkwardness, behavior in unusual situations, etc. (McGloin & Denes, 2016). Using mediated means of communication partners are not able to evaluate all these aspects and create false concepts which might result in disappointment or the lack of desire to start a new search. Moreover, by the research, partners who used online services to form a couple experience more hardships than people adhering to traditional ways to communicate and flirt (McGloin & Denes, 2016). It could also be explained by the lack of trust. Under these conditions, online dating might have diverse effects on individuals. On the one hand, it helps people not to feel embarrassed or ashamed when starting a conversation with persons they like. Moreover, using this tool, men and women can collect more data needed to decide whether to flirt or not. On the other hand, online dating deprives people of an opportunity to enjoy real contacts and determine the level of attractiveness which is critical for the modern digitalized society. That is why more research is needed to conduct the in-depth investigation of the issue and make a conclusion. References McGloin, R., & Denes, A. (2016). Too hot to trust: Examining the relationship between attractiveness, trustworthiness, and desire to date in online dating. New Media & Society . Web. McWilliams, S., & Barrett, A. (2012). Online dating in middle and later life: Gendered expectations and experiences. Journal of Family Issues, 35 (3), 411-436. Web. Mortensen, K. (2013). Flirting in online dating: Giving empirical grounds to flirtatious implicitness. Discourse Studies, 19 (5), 581-597. Web.
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If it is keenly studied, it seems so easy to be lean-for-life and in good physical shape (healthy). I happened to be standing next to a meat counter in my grocery store and heard a butcher and a customer conversing on a number of issues about the percentage of the butcher (Truswell, 2010). The butcher asked the lady whether she wanted 95 percent lean hamburger meat, or 80 percent lean meat. The customer replied, “she loves 80 percent of lean meat which will allow easy access of meat to her thighs directly”. She slapped her thigh to the left and started laughing (Truswell, 2010). This is a great example of a problem as people will always try to eat healthy food through failing to understand outstanding information related to decision-making on matters regarding eating hygiene. More often, the correct decision-making might seem very intuitive, but as a substitute for intuition, someone should rely on science before choosing the appropriate method (Campbell, 2006). Now we should know how science could help us. Dietary fats will never be used by the body fat. This is a plain concept in biology. The fact is that there is only one way in which the dietary fat, for example, those obtained from meat or other dietary products, can help the body. The body utilizes fat by converting them into energy (Wilson, 2010). It does this by ensuring that the body is free from burning a specific stored fat as an energy resource. The body stores the fats eaten and use them before it stores them in form of energy (Campbell, 2006). In regard to excess consumption of fatty foods, one develops a heart attack or failure due to over-accumulation of cholesterol. I have witnessed a lot of people who have hypersensitive. There are lots of reasons behind this type of heart failure. The heart may fail to function if there is high blood pressure which is caused by blockage of veins due to accumulation of fats and cholesterol. When these arteries and veins are blocked, the blood flow, in turn, bursts through the blocks causing heart failure. This happens as a result of the increased amount of cholesterol in the body. Cholesterol can be important for the body, especially the liver, but it has also its negative impacts on the body. Eating a variety of nutritious foods is important in a number of ways; it results in a type of diet that contains enough or sufficient nutrients for the normal functioning of the body (Courtney, 2005). Eating a variety of foods from the different origins is also beneficial to the health of an individual. Proportionality of food in the diet should also be put into consideration. As a matter of fact, one should enjoy a different variety of foods every day. Healthy well-balanced eating is very important for the physical growth of the body. Dietary factor has got great influence on healthy living and wellbeing. One is required to take little fatty foods by ensuring complete dependence on vegetables (Elliott, 2006). Knowing a number of issues pertaining to nutrition, diet and health recommendations, we should primarily embark on forty nutrients essential for healthy living. Under micronutrients, we have energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and dietary fiber plus water (Kellett, 1998). While vitamins include thiamin, niacin, riboflavin vitamins B6 and B12, among others. Minerals and trace elements include calcium, iron, copper, etc. (Marotz, 2012). References Campbell, T. C., & Campbell, T. M. (2006). The China study: The most comprehensive study of nutritition ever conducted and the startling inplications for diet, weight loss and long-term health . Dallas, Texas: Benabella Books. Courtney, F., & Thomas, D. (2005). Excel HSC & preliminary personal development, health and physical education . Glebe, N.S.W: Pascal Press. Elliott, L., Molseed, L. L., McCallum, P. D., American Dietetic Association., STAT!Ref (Online service), & Teton Data Systems (Firm). (2006). The clinical guide to oncology nutrition . Chicago, Ill: American Dietetic Association. Kellett, E., Smith, A., & Schmerlaib, Y. (1998). The Australian guide to healthy eating . Canberra: Dept. of Health and Family Services. Marotz, L. R. (2012). Health, safety, and nutrition for the young child . Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Murray, K. (2011). Milady standard nail technology . South Melbourne, Vic: Cengage Learning Australia. National Research Council (U.S.). (1989). Diet and health: Implications for reducing chronic disease risk . Washington, D.C: National Academy Press. The Australian guide to healthy eating: Summary information . (1998). Canberra: Dept. of Health and Family Services. Truswell, A. S. (2010). Cholesterol and beyond: The research on diet and coronary heart disease 1900-2000 . Dordrecht: Springer. Wilson, T. (2010). Nutrition guide for physicians . Totowa, N.J: Humana.
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Virginia Holocaust Museum Trip and Experience Essay Introduction My visit to the Virginia Holocaust Museum was a valuable experience as I could learn and even experience several essential things. I would consider my participation to be rather active and effective as I managed to see numerous artifacts and contemplate over the most striking and meaningful (at least, in my opinion) ones. I paid specific attention to various objects, as I believe that those artifacts can tell a lot. Of course, letters and survivors’ accounts were central to my experience. I think it is impossible to understand certain events without ideas and even feelings of those involved. The most moving part of the visit is related to such artifacts as the rail car, and the courtroom as those two experiences made me think of social justice and different ways people use to treat each other. I also believe that my participation was effective as I first looked at artifacts (read them, entered them, listened to them). I started discussing those things only after I had developed my own opinion. I wanted to make sure that I could listen to myself and truly feel what the Holocaust was for humanity and is for me. Experiences As has been mentioned above, the rail car and the courtroom left me with the strongest impression. I had known a lot about the Holocaust before the visit. However, I had not had a chance to feel the Holocaust. The rail car enabled me to feel the fear, anxiety, despair, and hope experienced by those who had to travel in those inhumane conditions. I was quite surprised to feel hope. However, on second thoughts, I realized that the feeling was rather natural as all those people understood the major outcome of their travel but still hoped that they would survive. In the courtroom, I felt nothing but disgust. I despised the defendants who treated so many people like animals. At the same time, I felt disgusted by the system as well. I felt it was a huge example of people’s hypocrisy as it all had started much earlier than the war. Nevertheless, all nations observed and did nothing, which mad the Nazi belief that they could do anything in the world. I also felt quite emotional when I was looking at all those objects associated with the Holocaust. I felt depressed when I saw those labels that divided people into certain groups. Conclusion I believe the visit was an eye-opening experience that contributed to my understanding of social justice issues. The artifacts helped me understand what the Holocaust was and what people should do to develop truly just societies. I now believe that some things can never be a part of our life. The labels that divided people into good citizens and some outcasts can be regarded as symbols. I felt outraged that someone could think they had the right to create those groups. I felt very sad when I realized that various labels exist in the modern world and American society. Some think it is not labeling but differentiating between different groups to create the platform to meet their needs more effectively. Nonetheless, labeling can lead to horrible events. At present, labels still exist, and I fear that they may be used again someday. We all should ensure that these labels will have no place in our society to ensure complete social justice. We should try to stop thinking that this is a tiny vice necessary to maintain the order. However, the tiny vice can soon turn into another Holocaust.
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It may also be explained as the act of creating rebellion, disturbance or aggression against the legal national authority, with the objective of leading to its overthrow or causing its obliteration. Based on the fact that Sedition is restricted to systematizing and encouraging revolt rather than straightly engaging in the attempts of overthrow, this crime is considered to fall just slightly less than the more severe crime of Treason. Within the U.S Nation, the exhibition of a given flag or the sponsorship of a given revolt movement like Syndicalism, communalism or anarchism has been occasionally termed as seditious. In the recent past U.S courts have employed a much strict test of sedition to guarantee that the lawful assurances concerned with freedom of speech aren’t abridged. Despite the statutes forbidding seditious utterances and inscriptions, the protection assurance to verbal communication and press by the First amendment within the national charter; has rendered the enforcement of such difficult; except in the occasions of national distress. The enactment of the Sedition Act 1778 spawned so much opposition that comparable statutes were not endorsed till the 20 th century. In the period of the World War one; the Sedition Act (1918) and the Espionage act had offenders related to speech and inscriptions violation penalized, until the government was faced the threat of content. Also under this crime is the Smith Act 1940 that was used successfully in 1951. However the provisions safeguarding criticisms leveled against national officials, has by large reduced the coverage of the crime of sedition within the U.S land. From the review of chapter 12 and extensive literature review, it is evident that the grounds on which the law permits the government to prosecute an individual against the public advocating for violent overthrow of the U.S government are as enumerated. In the case that an individual willfully conveys false statement or information when the U.S forces are at war with the view of making the U.S forces lose the war. In the case that an individual in a case when the U.S is at war, willfully administers or pronounces help to the opponents of the U.S so as to make them win over them. In the case that an individual willfully incites others against the government, acts in subordination of the U.S openly, acts with lack of loyalty towards the government or willfully obstructs the activities of the U.S armed forces like recruitment. In the case that an individual openly utters, inscribes or prints disloyal and abusive statements leveled against the type of government, the Armed forces or the constitution of the U.S. In the case an individual deliberately shows the flag of a foreign enemy with the attempts of urging or luring others against the practice of the government. In the case an individual pronounces a curtailment of the production of the government in public. Under the following cases the Law permits the government to prosecute the individuals involved in these acts. In the case of prosecution over these crimes, some constitutional considerations come into play including that the speech one is prosecuted over, should pose a danger on civic peace and safety of the state. The considerations also involve that the speech should plainly provoke the violent overthrow of the federal authority and individuals cannot be prosecuted for symbolic communication, which does not cause undue interference on the operation of normal activities. The considerations also protect individuals for distributing anonymous pamphlets and using commercially associated speech like the one involved in Casino gambling. Reference Scheb, John. & Scheb, John II. (2008). Criminal law and procedure, 6 th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc.
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)” by Rossi et al. Essay (Book Review) The critical insights of this chapter revolve around aspects of constructing and maintaining the statistical and practical significance of the study and the importance of meta-analytical designs. Researchers often employ analysis methods that demonstrate the statistical significance of policy, yet not every study is able to demonstrate it. For instance, the use of percentile difference is not always a valid measure of the significance of change as not every measure can have a true zero. Thus, in order to accurately present and demonstrate the study, researchers are required to carefully plan the measures and coefficients they are going to use. In this endeavor, an effect size statistic could help rate the results that lack a true zero, thus helping to ascertain the program’s magnitude (Rossi, Lipsey, & Freeman, 2003). An odds ratio or standardized mean difference is also a crucial tool that assists in assessing and demonstrating statistical significance by allowing to compare results through min-max spread or the change in the chance of an occurrence. A key insight about statistical significance gained from this chapter is that it cannot be used as a measure of importance. It is, however, useful in establishing the fact of correlation or dependency in variables, thus eliminating the notion of chance. Conversely, if statistical significance is not registered, it is not indicative of the program as not effective. It is merely a demonstration of a study’s design weakness (Rossi et al., 2003). Thus, the successful establishment of this indicator could be relevant mostly as a premise for further discussion of the program’s significance in relation to measured outcomes. The practical importance of this complex of assessments is strong as it allows for finding more correlations between variables and using them to construct more knowledge about the program, uncovering possibly unexplored areas relative to its effects on the studied population. Practical significance is seldom uncovered in studies but is more often indicated indirectly. This factor of research is especially relevant in health care or law enforcement policies, as the allocation of financing needs to be guided by the practical use of a new procedure or method for the society since in both areas, lives are often at stake (Kang, Yeon, & Han, 2015). According to Rossi et al. (2003), the practical relevance of the uncovered data is substantially dependent on the careful interpretation of results. In light of this, they suggest that to ascertain such relevance, it is often required to cross-reference the data with certain external measures of quality or standards of a higher level, such as national norms or averages. One more critical insight of the chapter is connected to meta-analytical studies. They are mostly used to summarize the previous knowledge and derive the cumulative wisdom acquired over the years of research (Hedges & Olkin, 2014). Nowadays, major medical policies need to be warranted by sufficient evidence, which is established through meta-analytical studies. A crucial point to consider in such a case is the choice of studies which requires the meticulous planning of selection criteria. References Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2003). Evaluation: A systematic approach (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis . New York, NY: Academic Press. Kang, H., Yeon, K., & Han, S.-T. (2015). A review on the use of effect size in nursing research. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing , 45 (5), 641-649.
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Health Board’s Information System Selection Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Article Summary 3. Merits and demerits of Windows NT 4. Merits and demerits of oracle 11i 5. Work Cited Introduction The paper summarizes an article about Health Board, a non-profit organization in New Zealand. The paper further discusses the merits and demerits of selecting an oracle 11i Enterprise solution (ERP) and Windows NT operating systems for the organization. And finally, the paper concludes. Article Summary The article gives a brief background about Health Board, a nonprofit organization in New Zealand. The organization provides health care to the public. The Health Board is owned by a public organization. The Board provides health care for more than two million people. It has spread its services across the region accounting for 30%. The Board has structured itself and posses’ seven business units i.e. a specialized teaching hospital, community services, mental health services, and clinical support services among other units. The article elaborates the involvement of the ConsultCo firm to assess the ability of supply chain management in the management aspect of the Organization. Terms of reference involve, assessment of supply chain optimization and review of reports. A review of SCO shows some weakness concerning core business operations functions and ConsultCo recommends solutions which comprise of organization restructuring, business re-engineering, and ERP implementation (Idea Group Publishing, 23). However, it is learned that Oracle 10.7 was once implemented in the organizations some years. It was highly tailored and this made it fail to provide the strategic vision envisaged by the Board. The ConsultCo recommended further that oracle 10.7 financial inabilities be supported with Oracle. The Health Board in 2000 began a complete overhaul and upgrades. The ES business solution was believed to offer a much-needed remedy for the Board. The Board had 8 objectives for ES consideration; i.e. achieving identifiable savings in line with the Board Strategic business plan, saving accounts via efficient and well-defined standards incorporated in costing mechanism in the inventory, implementing procurement, providing clear process regarding delegation of authority and risk management through procurement and acting as an agent of change regarding business process and work ethics were a sure strength for ES to be considered (Idea Group Publishing, 24). The article consequently assesses how restructuring the organization started. Because of restructuring, new roles and job description to meet the organization’s vision was created. The Organization valued 2 major broad options for upgrade i.e. upgrading from oracle 10.7 to oracle 11 or 11i ERP applications. The choice of upgrade to adopt was a challenging decision for the Board to make. This was because; differences in mode of operation were challenging for the management, whereas oracle 11 was operational earlier in 1999; oracle 11i was recent in the business world, only released in 2000. The Health Board then decided to settle on Oracle 11i which is web-supported. The article provides a milestone for ES implementation and business in line with a suitable IT platform. Furthermore, the article compares features that are associated with UNIX and Windows NT and finally it elaborates challenges facing the Board regarding options of operating system to adopt (Idea Group Publishing, 24). Merits and demerits of Windows NT Windows NT operating system plays a significant role because of its capability to adapt to diverse standard IT platforms. This is an advantage that most organizations appreciate as a choice of their ERP solution implementation platform. Secondly, Windows NT operating system is easily manageable because of the friendly graphical user interface (GUI) in which even an inexperienced user of the system will be faster and easier to learn. The graphical user interface provides easier navigation tools which facilitated simplifying usage and administration at the same time (Idea Group Publishing, 28). Thirdly, Windows NT is highly portable and compatible with other windows based applications for instance Microsoft office, FrontPage among other applications. It also provides the environment for programming such as “Active server Pages”, cold fusion, and visual basic. The popularity of these languages is on the rise because of simple to understand and apply. However, Windows NT involves having a planned budget for it compared to other operating systems which are in the market. The Total Cost of Owners is made payable by the buyer or companies using them. This is unlike other operating systems platforms which are cost less in implementation (Idea Group Publishing, 28). Additionally, windows are known to need more resources to sustain, maintain and support it thus this pushes up the cost of ownership. The cost of ownership of Windows NT significantly increases when the total cost of ownership is factored into buying price. Secondly, Windows NT does not offer much needed administrative support like other operating systems it has insufficient disk storage such as advanced server which is necessary and requisite like other operating systems such as Unix. These perform limited tasks. Merits and demerits of oracle 11i Oracle 11i is ideal and advantageous because it can support a wider variety of platforms. UNIX and Windows NT among other operating systems provide a much-needed platform for oracle 11i ERP implementation. Oracle 11i supports wide functionalities and applications as well (Idea Group Publishing, 29). However, Oracle 11i possesses some drawbacks in its implementation. Because it is a new technology, there is less IT manpower to understand how to customize to facilitate integration with organization information needs. Secondly, the cost associated with implementation as an ERP concerning planning, scheduling, and implementation needs a huge budget set aside by the firm (Idea Group Publishing, 29). Work Cited Idea Group Publishing. The Selection of the IT Platform: Enterprise System. Implementation in the NZ Health Board. Pennsylvania : Idea Group Inc, 2005.
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Enterprise Business Performance Measurement Tools Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Balanced Score Card 3. Key performance indicators 4. Organization and how it achieves quality Introduction The Enterprise Business Performance Measurement is a process of measuring and analyzing key performance indicators, which manage internal business management. These measurements can be done using the Balance Score Card (BSC) and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Balanced Score Card The Balanced Score Card (BSC) is a management tool that is employed by most firms irrespective of their scale to streamline the firm’s performance to its vision and goals. Robert Kaplan and David Norton developed the technique. The technique is used for strategic planning. It offers feedback on the internal processes of the firm. It also provides external outcomes to enhance strategic performance. Before implementing the BSC, the executive should have a precise comprehension of the vision and goals of the organization. This involves the prior use of tools that restructure the organization’s strategy. These tools include strategy mapping, PEST (Political, Economic, Society, and Technology), SWOT analysis, and analysis of Porter’s Five Forces of Competition. The advantages of the BSC include clarification of strategy and conveying of strategic objectives. Others include planning, identifying targets, and streamlining strategic objectives. It also includes strategic feedback and learning. In clarifying the strategy, the BSC translates the strategy into quantifiable measures and clarifies the management’s understanding of the strategy. In strategic response and learning, management receives and is aware of whether their strategy operationalization is aligned with the organization’s plan. Key performance indicators Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are a snapshot of businesses based on predefined measures. The KPIs are combinations of spreadsheet reports or charts showing global, regional sales figures and trends over time, personal statistics and trends, real-time supply chain information, or any information thought to be necessary for a business to succeed. For example, the utilization of KPIs as a management portal can offer a vivid indication of the statistical position of the firm. Implementation of KPIs helps the organization in four essential areas. This includes revenue improvement, cost reduction, process cycle-time improvement, and increases customer satisfaction. KPIs attain these outcomes by providing individuals with a vivid picture of what is required and what needs to be accomplished. KPIs make sure that individuals meet and exceed their requirements. When used as a carrot, KPIs provide information on the targets and progress towards attaining these targets. These keep the employees motivated in achieving and exceeding the KPI targets. Organization and how it achieves quality Google’s organization structure is regarded as being dynamic, atypical, and bureaucratically-averse. This structure is not similar to other large organizations. In this case, it does not have an overall executive. The CEO Eric E. Schmidt works as a control officer rather than working as the CEO. Thus, the CEO handles “the day-to-day stuff,” ensuring that the right individuals are talking and reaching their partners. He also hired the Human Resource Manager and subdivided employees according to their production functions. The organizational decisions are made between the co-founder and the CEO. Just like any other organization, Google has a board of directors that ensures accountability, fairness, and transparency in its relations with all stakeholders. The management gives autonomy to the employees to undertake projects of their choice. The engineers are motivated to work on their projects to spark creativity. Google believes that, if employees operate without constraints and with less bureaucracy, it will encourage them to develop better ideas at a quicker rate. This structure, in conjunction with autonomy, fosters creativity, and innovation.
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Cost Concepts in Transportation Coursework Cost concepts in transportation are critical in the management of logistics in every company that has to adopt distribution processes in their production. It is identified that the need to increase the profitability of a company as well as the ease with which the company achieves its set profit margins, is highly dependent on the company’s ability to manage their production costs. The need to keep transportation costs low has led to the formulation of a number of management principles that are mainly centered on a number of accounting, economic and social principles. These are identified as the main fields that dictate transportation costs (Coyle, Novack, Gibson & Bardi, 2010). This paper seeks to evaluate the cost concepts in transportation as well as identify ways of mitigating the financial risks associated with them. The process of accounting in a company allows the strategic managers to identify efficient centers of production as well as inefficient ones. This allows them to review their entire production strategies so as to increase their cost effectiveness and their profits. The use of superior accounting techniques enables companies to identify efficient means of transportation as well as distribution schedules that will not only reduce their total transportation costs, but also ensure that they save valuable time. This is identified to eventually increase customer satisfaction and loyalty (Christopher, 2005). The need to evaluate the economic position of the company as well as its operating environment is often advised by the need to understand the risks that the company may be exposed to in regard to cost effective production processes. It has been identified that in the last few years, economic forces have had a huge impact on the cost of transportation due to the fluctuating of the global oil prices. The need to understand the economic forces has forced companies to conduct environmental audits so as to identify particular trends in the economy that may lead to increased transportation costs. The social environment that a company is exposed to poses a number of risks that may increase their total expenditure on transportation. The particular aspect of security is identified as not only a direct cost, but also as a risk to the entire brand. The need to ensure customer satisfaction has forced companies to base their depots in areas where they are sure there is no social disturbance (Coyle, Novack, Gibson & Bardi, 2010). While the cost of transportation may be evaluated from the particular share of the total operating costs that it contributes, it is important to note that the efficient management of the human resource in the logistics department should increase their output per unit. This would then contribute to the total profitability of the company. It is recommended that any company that is seeking to reduce its transportation costs as well as the risks associated with this aspect of their business, should adopt a number of internal as well as external auditing systems (Coyle, Novack, Gibson & Bardi, 2010). These should ensure that they have an understanding of the inefficiencies that are currently visible as well as those that may occur in the future. Issues such as pilferage of goods, interruption in the supply chain and erratic costs of transportation should be identified through a careful audit of the economic and social environment that the company operates in (Christopher, 2005). The use of comprehensive accounting techniques should also identify inefficiencies that increase transportation cost. Finally, the evaluation of the human resource involved in transportation to ensure their efficiency, should help mitigate losses in the department as well as increase their output. References Christopher, M. (2005). Logistics and supply chain management: creating value-added networks . New York: FT Prentice Hall. Coyle, J., Novack, R., Gibson, B., & Bardi, E. (2010). Transportation: A Supply Chain Perspective . Upper Saddle River: Cengage Learning.
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Perception of Interpersonal Violence and Role of Media Essay (Critical Writing) Unfortunately, interpersonal violence is an integral part of the modern world, and its rates are relatively high in the U.S. Various factors play a significant role in shaping people’s attitudes toward violent acts, and the impact of the media is probably the strongest one. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the influence of the media, the accuracy of representations of homicide on evening news reflecting the true nature of lethal violence in America, and the differences in how violence is projected by media type. To begin with, there were many studies regarding the effect of the mass media on the ways citizens act and think. According to Alvarez and Bachman (2016), “people can learn and imitate violent behaviors and attitudes from individuals and groups” they have never met (p. 59). What is more, “when individuals are repeatedly exposed to violent media, they are more likely to perceive ambiguous events as being hostile” (Alvarez & Bachman, 2016, p. 60). Therefore, people may begin to tolerate such actions and even get engaged in them. Moreover, by translating images of this violent world, the media makes many people start adding security features to their homes, avoiding certain streets or parts of American cities, and thinking about the integrity of facing cruelty and assault. It is unlikely that homicide representations on news shows accurately reflect the lethal violence’s true nature in the U.S. A great deal of media attention is received, for example, by mass shootings at school and multicides in general, though they compose a low percentage of all murders in America (Alvarez & Bachman, 2016). I believe that my primary source of information is social media as it is one of the most used and modern ways of getting acquainted with current events. It seems to me that precisely social media tells the truth about violence and assaults that are not discussed in other sources like newspapers and local news. In these media types, the truth is usually presented in such a way so as not to frighten or injure the psyche of the audience. Simultaneously, cartoons, movies, and video games contain about half of all television violence. Reference Alvarez, A., & Bachman, R. (2016). Violence: The enduring problem . SAGE Publications.
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Counseling Competencies and Developing Strategies Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Body 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction A counselor is one of the most respected persons in our societies and for this reason, it is imperative that he also accords himself or herself the value. As a counselor, I am obliged to take heed of some social and cultural norms as a way of empowering my career and helping other people with their social problems. This paper highlights a few strategies of enhancing my proficiency and competence as a counselor in a bid to have an upper hand in the crowded field of counseling. Body I see myself being a competent counselor in a number of ways. For instance, my flexibility in responses can play an imperative role in accommodating all the unique demands of my clients. As a competent counselor, I very well understand the importance of applying a wide range of conversational reactions depending on unique demands of the situation. My magic concepts during a counseling session are comprehensive reflections on the subject matter, focus, summarization, problem-solution and self-disclosure. I understand that counselors who ovoid using these strategies during a counseling session are bound to make irrational decisions hence causing dissatisfaction on the part of their clients. Subsequently, other traits that can enhance my specialty and competence in counseling are my hypothesis and assessment skills. I am able to internalize my client’s problems and make substantive analysis before visualizing the situation in order to come up with a gainful conclusion and advice. I am capable of compiling all the pieces of information obtained during a counseling session so as to come up with a meaningful comprehension of the situation. My observation skills help a lot in finding long-term solutions to the problems of my counselees. I not only understand the need of my clients but I am also conscious of the intended impact I need to impart on my clients. From the reactions of my clients, I am able to comprehend their meanings so as to put myself in a better position of moderating my intervention styles to suit the situation. As a proficient counselor, I am aware of my confines and uphold my personal care. I prioritize my spiritual well-being lest I risk diminishing the other counselor competencies I already embrace (Jungers, & Gregoire, 2012). Despite my eloquence as a counselor, I am faced with some blind spots that retard my thirst of becoming an exemplary counselor. Occasional low self esteem has been my major problem as far as counseling is concerned. I need to improve on my confidence in handling issues especially during occasions when solutions are hard to reach. There are some technical situations that make me doubt my capability to evaluate them comprehensively. However, with continued intervention in cases that need counseling, I can enhance my experience and scope of thinking hence making me more suitable for handling complex situations. Additionally, I have some sort of individualism that makes me more inclined to finding solutions to my own problems than helping others solve their own. In some occasions, I view situations with the ‘I’ perspective instead of the ‘we’ or ‘you’ perspective. In order to enhance my competence in counseling, I understand perfectly that my priority should be my counselee and not myself. I can avoid this by putting myself into the shoes of my counselees. Through this, I am able to tackle any issues with the notion that I am handling my own problem. This will then give me an ample opportunity of embracing collectivism instead of individualism. Another blind spot that might hinder my success as a counselor is my susceptibility to emotions. I am easily swayed emotionally and this might put me in a compromising situation of sympathizing with my counselees instead of being strong to help them get over their problems. One may argue that this trait might put a counselor in a better position of understanding the pain that his or her client is going through. In as much as this statement might bear some facts, emotional attachment can hinder effective solution of a problem (Jungers, & Gregoire, 2012). There are a number of ethical and multicultural factors that need consideration when it comes to making rational decisions on matters of competencies. For instance, competence in this context implies that one should learn the current behavioral patterns and use them in suitable settings. In counseling, there are ethical considerations that should form part and parcel of the counseling process. Simple considerations like unnecessary body contact with a client during consolation must be avoided. It beats logic to touch a counselee unnecessarily simply because he or she is depressed. Etiquette too is of utmost importance in the career of counseling. Elderly people must be addressed in a formal manner. In most occasions, a counselor uses their surnames alongside their titles in order to show respect. Sometimes, small talks with clients just before counseling commence helps in familiarization and internalization. It is imperative that counselors treat cases with utmost discretion, fairness and integrity. They should treat their clients with respect too (Jungers, & Gregoire, 2012). Conclusion In conclusion, counseling as an occupation must have ethically and culturally proficient personnel in order to accommodate a diversified population. Ethical and multicultural expertise reminds counselors of their authorization to act as sponsors of clients and defend their rights. Reference Jungers, C. M., & Gregoire, J. (2012). Counseling ethics: Philosophical and professional foundations . Danvers, MA: Springer Pub.
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The child’s attitudes, beliefs, and self-perception can become potential facilitators or obstacles for the following reading development. Thus, these parameters need to be taken into consideration for choosing the most appropriate strategies for supporting the development of Rebecca’s literacy. The objective of this week’s reading assessment was to estimate the student’s affective development or the so-called non-cognitive aspects of Rebecca’s literacy. Conducting the Garfield reading assessment and the TPRI reading assessment last week, I determined the cognitive aspects of her literacy. This week, I used the Motivation to read profile (MRP) for assessing Rebecca’s non-cognitive aspects of literacy development. The two parts of MRP, namely a self-report Reading Survey conducted in groups and an Individual Conversational Interview, help define the student’s self-concept and read preferences respectively. According to the results of the last week’s assessments, Rebecca loves and is ready to read and write but because of her difficulties with sounding out, the unfamiliar words feel inadequate to read in front of others. As to the non-cognitive aspects of the student’s literacy, the girl loves to read and uses every opportunity for it though is embarrassed to read aloud to the others. Her special interest in insects and weather books shows that the girl has got a certain reading experience and it allows her to give preference to particular kinds of texts. It can be stated that there is a direct relationship between her unwillingness to read in front of others and her difficulties in pronouncing new words. Thus, the cognitive and non-cognitive aspects of a student’s literacy are inseparable and interrelated. On the one hand, the lack of necessary skills and related difficulties can discourage students. On the other hand, it is stated that “motivation can contribute to the increased reading that in turn contributes to increased reading achievement” (Afflerbach, 2007, p. 158). Taking into account the direct relationship between cognitive and non-cognitive aspects of Rebecca’s literacy, it can be stated that both of them are equally significant for the further development of the girl’s skills. Rebecca’s unwillingness to read aloud can be caused by her prior experiences, including those of unsuccessful public performances, the insufficient reward for her efforts as well as the associated unpleasant memories. For this reason, empathy is required for determining the major reasons for the lack of student motivation, getting to the roots of the problem, and developing more effective strategies for solving it. In that regard, empathy should become one of the research-based principles helpful for determining the non-cognitive factors which become the obstacles for the students’ literacy development and finding the ways for overcoming them. The implementation of this principle is critical for supporting both cognitive and non-cognitive aspects of literacy development. Sharing the information retrieved from the analysis of the above-mentioned reading assessments, I could help enhance the effectiveness of the teaching-learning process. Thus, if I communicate the information concerning Rebecca’s level of reading comprehension, her passion for reading and her difficulties in reading aloud the unfamiliar words and the related unwillingness to read to others, we could unite our efforts for creating favorable conditions for improving the student’s motivation and involving her into the class activities. The same goes for the information concerning the girl’s reading preferences and interests. Including the texts which could generate Rebecca’s interest in the program, we would motivate her to read more and consequently contribute to her literacy development by enriching her vocabulary and reducing her fear of unsuccessful public performances. Sharing the same information with Rebecca’s parents can be advantageous as well. By paying more attention to the girl’s reading preferences, her relatives can also contribute to her literacy learning. Taking into account the fact that the girl has no siblings and a few cousins, it can be stated that her parents rarely can see her in the company of other children. It means that they are likely to be unaware of Rebecca’s fear of public performances and the difficulties she has with reading to others. Parents’ support can become a valuable contribution to student’s literacy development. Sharing the results of Rebecca’s reading assessments, including cognitive and non-cognitive aspects of the assessments, I would be able to enhance the effectiveness of the chosen strategies. Though the assessments of the cognitive aspect show that Rebecca is comfortable with reading and ready to read, I must admit that her unwillingness to read to others need to be taken into consideration as a potential obstacle for further development of her skills. Thus, the student’s affective development, attitude to reading, and self-concept as a reader should be viewed about the cognitive aspect of literacy development (Tompkins 2010). On the one hand, the importance of the non-cognitive aspect should not be underestimated. On the other hand, it cannot be separated from the cognitive ones. Empathy should become the main research-based principle in assessing Rebecca’s literacy and affective development for choosing the most appropriate strategies for generating her interest and improving her motivation. Reference List Afflerbach, P. (2007). Understanding and using reading assessment, K-12. Newark, DE: International Reading Association. Tompkins, G. E. (2010). Literacy for the 21st century: A balanced approach (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
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Dangers, Causes, and Effects of Wildfires Essay Wildfires have become a significant environmental concern that threatens the sustainability of natural resources and endangers human lives. Continuous human impact on the planet causes inevitable changes in the ecosystems that result in such disastrous events as wildfires. The dangers and adverse effects they impose call for immediate action. The complexity of the problem accompanying the intensification of wildfires requires complex approaches to finding an effective solution. The dangers of wildfires include mortality, property damage, and morbidity. According to Rossiello and Szema, the increased number of fires in the wild imposes the danger of being killed or bearing cost losses and emotional complications (par. 2-4). The government experiences a financial burden when managing wildfires; the suppression costs have risen to over one billion per year since the 2000-s (Rossiello and Szema par. 5). Life safety and health problems are related to dangerous chemical pollution as a result of wildfires. The common causes of wildfires are global warming and such supporting risk factors as forest health, ignition, and fuel characteristics. As Engel et al. found, “warm summer conditions, … low dry fuel moisture levels, ignition of most of the largest fire,” and diminished forest health have been the most likely drivers of the recent wildfires (Engel et al. 9). Despite the supporting factors, the overall rising average temperature on the planet is thoughts to be the main cause. Rossiello and Szema state that weather anomalies are influenced by the fact that the temperature rises by 0.9 degrees in a year (par. 2). Thus, climate change is a key The uncontrolled and frequent occurrence of wildfires has multiple adverse effects on the ecosystems and people’s health. The production of large masses of smoke and human exposure to the chemicals causes respiratory diseases and higher morbidity and mortality rates (Williamson et al. 4). Deforestation, as the aftermath of wildfires, causes forest watersheds and lower drinking water quality (Hohner et al. 1235). It is vital to find an inter-disciplinary solution to eliminate these threats of wildfires. Wildfires impose severe short- and long-term threats to human lives and the planet. Being caused by climate change, they lead to high mortality, smoke-induced morbidity, and ecological problems, such as diminished water quality, air pollution, and deforestation. Wildfire problem complexity triggers complex and inter-disciplinary approaches to solution-finding. Immediate action is needed on the local, federal, and international levels to prevent wildfires by eliminating their primary causes. Works Cited Engel, Ruth A., et al. “On the Causes of the Summer 2015 Eastern Washington Wildfires.” Environmental Research Communications , vol. 1, no. 1, 2019, pp. 1-11. Hohner, Amanda K., et al. “Wildfires Alter Forest Watersheds and Threaten Drinking Water Quality.” Accounts of Chemical Research, vol. 52, no. 5, 2019, pp. 1234-1244. Rossiello, Michael R., and Anthony Szema. “Health Effects of Climate Change-Induced Wildfires and Heatwaves.” Cureus, vol. 11, no. 5, 2019, e4771, Web. Williamson, G. J., et al. “A Transdisciplinary Approach to Understanding the Health Effects of Wildfire and Prescribed Fire Smoke Regimes.” Environmental Research Letters, vol. 11, no. 12. 2016, pp. 1-12, Web.
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Internet Pornography Regulation Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Pornography 3. Dangers of Pornography 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction Pornography refers to representations such as pictures, written materials and other forms whose primary motive is to instigate sexual excitement. The availability of pornographic materials has been enhanced with the development of communication technologies. Internet, which has for instance enhanced communication by readily providing all information that is available online has been a major factor in availing pornographic materials. The increasing influence into internet pornography has led to mixed reactions from the society with some people calling for its regulation. This paper seeks to express the opinion that internet pornography should be censored. The paper will look into the effects and dangers of internet pornography to support the view that internet pornography should be controlled. Pornography Pornography is a term that is controversial in every society and in all of its aspects. The controversy over pornography begins with its definition that raises arguments over what constitute pornography. Though agreements may be reached over the fact that pornography refers to contents whose original intentions are to create sexual arousal, representatives from different societies will always differ on the extent of that which causes sexual arousal. A representation that is considered to be normal in one society might be considered to be pornographic in another society. There has therefore been a common agreement that pornography is that material that is specifically sold, in designated shops, to create sexual arousal. This however omits other cases of intended pornography (Cebulko 46). The availability of internet to people and similar availability of pornographic contents in the internet has been a factor to the spread and influence of pornography. According to DeAngelis Tori, a large number of the population is exposed to internet pornography. A consideration to the younger population that consists of teenagers exhibits an almost fifty percent exposure to pornography. This is a combination of individuals who purposely visit the internet sites for the pornographic contents and those who get into the contents by accident. The exposure to internet pornography is also reported to be increasing among populations at a significant rate. In the year 1999 for instance, only about a quarter of populations were reporting having accessed a pornographic site. This has changed to the current data that reveals almost half of the youth having been exposed to pornographic contents in the internet. There is therefore a threat of universal exposure to internet pornography if no measures are taken to control such access. This representative statistics can be projected to older population (DeAngelis 1). Dangers of Pornography One of the dangers of pornography is its addiction ability. Just like other addictions, pornography can captivate an individual to an extent that the individual can make extensive sacrifices to get time and access to pornography. Following an addiction, an individual will be forced into spending resources such as time and even money for access of pornography. Once a significant addiction has been realized, severe dangers of pornography then follow. One of the effects of pornographic addiction is reduced productivity level of an individual with respect to responsibility. There have been reported cases of office workers spending most of their time either watching or downloading pornographic contents in their places of work. This means that time that is meant for office responsibilities are instead used in the internet for pornography. It is reported that addicts can spend as much as eight hours on internet pornography. There have also been cases of people loosing their jobs because of pornography. Following their addictions, these individuals carry with them their act to workplaces where pornography is not allowed. They are then fired when found to be accessing pornographic contents while in office (Claiborne 1). Pornography has at the same time been associated with sex crimes. Both pornographic devices and effects of exposure to pornography have the potential to cause sex related violence as well as health risks. The uses of equipments that are available in pornographic outlets for sex have been associated with deaths of women for example. In cases of sex violence in which minors have been defiled, there has been identified use of contents of pornography to influence the minors into the situations under which they were violated. Such sex violence has further potential risks such as sexually transmitted diseases or even medical complications that can lead to death. There have at the same time been complaints that pornography affects relationships and even marriages. Cases of divorce have been reported that are purely caused by one partner being hooked up in pornography (Claiborne 1). Conclusion Though pornography existed before the introduction of internet, the use and availability of internet has facilitated access to pornographic materials. The use of such pornography is however addictive with further impacts over both economic issues. Reported cases of reduced efficiencies in workplaces or even lost employment opportunities together with broken marriages are some of the dangers of internet pornography. It is with respect to these negative side effects that internet pornography should be regulated in order to help people out of its dangers. Works Cited Cebulko, Susan. The impact of Internet pornography on married women: a psychodynamic perspective . New York, UK: Cambria Press, 2007. Print. Claiborne, Winford. Pornography’s dangers . International gospel hour. Web. DeAngelis, Tori. Web pornography’s effect on children . American philosophy association, 2007. Web.
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The Near Eastern & Egyptian Bowl Analysis Coursework Figure 1. The bottom, interior and side of the bowl The interior of the bowl, as well as the top area of the item’s exterior, depict a hunting scene, where a few men attack large animals. The exterior bottom and the interior center of the bowl also incorporate animals, namely bulls, however, the men are not present in the scenes. The imagery of the bowl displays motifs of different cultures – Near Eastern and Egyptian. The major difference between the two cultural elements presented in the bowl lies in the diverse depictions of the huntsmen and the choice of illustrated animals. The inside of the item incorporates bulls which were more prevalent in the Near Eastern geographical area rather than in Egypt. In contrast, the motifs conveyed in the top half of the bowl’s exterior depict Egyptian motifs. This is evident from the imagery of lions being the victim of the hunt. In Egypt, bulls were considered sacred animals, alongside cats and ibises, which is why the culture’s people were not allowed to hunt down these creatures. Instead, the scenery depicts lions which are being attacked by two people at the same time, in order to illustrate the danger of the large animal. Moreover, the top half of the bowl’s exterior displays elements of classical folklore of ancient Egypt, such as animals with wings that are commonly depicted in the culture’s art. Considering the color of the material the bowl is covered with, it is likely that the owner of the artifact was not a member of the working class but rather a wealthy individual who valued uniqueness and luxury. Firstly, the maker of the bowl clearly paid much attention to the item, which suggests that a poor peasant would not be able to afford it. In ancient times there was no tradition of mass marketing and most pieces were unique. Secondly, the golden leaf of the bowl’s surface and the intricate detail of its imagery hint not only at the potential individuality of the piece but also at its complexity. Clearly, only a professional master would be able to achieve such quality of an item, and the cost would be respectively high. Therefore, only a wealthy individual would be able to afford such a piece.
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The Concept of Emotional Intelligence Analytical Essay “Emotions matter. Americans are becoming ever more aware that the ability to feel is as vital to our well-being as the ability to think.” (Segal, 1997). As science becomes more advanced we learn more and more about how the human body and the human mind work. We now understand that emotions are very important to our bodies as a whole. We are learning that our emotional intelligence is a good indicator of how well we will do in life, at our jobs, in our relationships and dealing with everyday stress. There are tests to measure emotional intelligence just as there are to measure how well a person’s mind retains information. In this paper we will examine what emotional intelligence is. A test subject, we will call him Erik, took 2 emotional intelligence tests and we will look at his results. Then we will talk about ways to improve emotional intelligence. “The term emotional intelligence describes four qualities: 1) the ability to perceive emotions in others, 2) the ability to facilitate thought, 3) understanding emotions and 4) maintaining emotions.” (Davis & Paladino, 2007). We can see that emotions are complicated entities; they involve our own personal feelings and those of others as well. “Recognizing which emotions we are feeling is a key element of emotional intelligence because it helps individuals understand how their thinking can be affected by the emotions they are experiencing.” (Davis & Paladino, 2007). We have all had days that were totally ruined because we became angry at someone else’s actions, just as we have had good days because people said positive things to us. The first test asked twenty one questions and Erik scored a 54 which was the highest you could score, apparently Erik is doing just fine and should be able to handle any challenges he will face which is a good thing. The second test asked seventeen questions and then gave you a score. In Erik’s case his score was 118 on a scale between 50 and 150, he is higher than average. His results say that “his skills will certainly bring long-term benefits such as stronger relationships, better health and personal happiness.” (QueenDom.com, 1996-2009). “According to researcher Daniel Goleman your EQ is a more accurate predictor of your ability to “succeed” in life than your IQ.” (Liebeman, 2008). What would you do if you received a score that was not so good? It turns out there are a multitude of ways to improve your emotional intelligence. There are many books and papers written on this subject; one of these Raising your Emotional Intelligence: A Practical Guide was written by Jean Segal. This book outlines a 10-Step curriculum for raising your emotional intelligence; these are the ten steps; “1) Make your body a priority. 2) Search for feeling in your body, not your head. 3) Build emotional muscle everyday by taking time to focus on emotional experience. 4) Be accepting of all that you feel. 5) Open your heart to others. 6) Take action – do things that make you feel useful and relevant. 7) Listen with empathy. 8) Tell them how you feel. 9) Use change as an opportunity to grow. 10) Take a dose of humor with you wherever you go.” (Segal, 1997). These may seem like simple suggestions, and they are, but your emotions are an important part of the human experience. If you do not have control over your emotions you will have an unhealthy body and that contributes to an all around unhealthy life. We have learned what emotional intelligence is; it is the way that we deal with our emotions and relate to others. We learned that emotional intelligence is an important factor in how successful we are in life. We found that our test subject Erik has a high emotional intelligence and that he is well suited to life in general and that he should have a good chance at success. We also learned that there are at least ten ways in which emotional intelligence can be raised. Emotional intelligence is not something we think about consciously everyday but it is with us all the time, we constantly have to deal with how we feel about people, places and things around us, the better we are able to deal with these feelings the easier life will be. References Davis, F. & Paladino, J. (2007). Psychology. New Jersey. Pearson Education. Liebeman, B. (2008). How to Create Emotional Health . Web. QueenDom.Com. (1996-2009). Emotional IQ Test – Abridged. Web. Segal, J. (1997). Raising your Emotional Intelligence: A Practical Guide. New York. MacMillan Publishing.
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Rawls’ Theory of Justice and the Veil of Ignorance Essay Historically, people try to protect the concept of free and equivalent people who together invest in standards of social and political equity. This position is a focal component of John Rawls’ record of equity presented by his theory of justice (Von Platz, 2017). It is intended to be a reasonable and fair perspective which will construct the principles of human thinking about standards of equity. The primary distinctive element of Rawls’ position is “the veil of ignorance” which safeguards the fairness of judgment. The groups are denied all information on their own attributes and social conditions (Rivera, 2019). The principle of originations of equity is drawn from the custom of a social and political way of thinking. The parties are required to choose the option which best advances their inclinations in setting best conditions which empower all the members of the society and protect each group’s interests. The theory gives reasonable uniformity when hiring someone for a job and empowering everybody to fairly apply to preferred workplaces (Rivera, 2019). It makes sure everyone has a right to protect their sense of pride as free and equal people. “The veil of ignorance” permits society to test the fairness of ideas. Individuals are formed by their race, class, gender, schooling, appearance, sexuality, profession, and family. As individuals behind “the veil of ignorance” do not have the idea of who they will be in this new society, any decision they make in organizing that society could either hurt them or advantage them (Von Platz, 2017). Thus, this theoretical device helps to address the critical social problem of a liberal democratic government to keep a peaceful plurality even while everyone holds a particular personal position. References Rivera, J. (2019). The “original position” as public performance: Liberalism, pluralism, and asceticism. Religions , 10 (8), 462. Web. Von Platz, J. (2017). Veil of Ignorance in Rawlsian Theory . Sage
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Cisco SCRM in Action Problem Solution Essay Internal Communication Strategies Cisco started paying considerable attention to risk management in the 2000s, and it has effectively addressed various issues (Munson 89). This extensive experience can help the Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) team implement the necessary change effectively. It is noteworthy that the company considers such risks as weather, economic, political and so on (Schlegel and Trent 274). At that, the major focus has to be made on the development of efficient internal and external communication strategies. When it comes to internal communication patterns, one of the most important steps to undertake is to develop efficient software to ensure effective knowledge sharing within the organization. Clearly, the company should utilize technology, which is one of the central competitive advantages (Chao par. 3). The system should include all the necessary data on the suppliers, their contacts, availability of back-ups, and so on. The system should also include the crisis alert. It should be automatized. Thus, the alert system available to the Supply Chain Incident Manager should be incorporated into the risk management system (“Cisco SCRM in Action: 2011 Tohoku Earthquake” 1). It can be effective to assign certain responsibilities to the risk management team members. Thus, there should be one manager responsible for each of possible crises (weather, economic, political and so on). The alert is sent by the system to a device of the person responsible for this or that type of crisis. The manager assesses the impact of the crisis and makes a decision whether to launch a meeting of the entire team immediately. If the crisis is significant, each team member, as well as the Director of Supply Chain Management, should access the system and start addressing issues. Each team member will take part in the online conference to discuss preliminary steps. This will ensure immediate response to the crisis as no time will be lost to hold unnecessary meetings in the office that take more time than an online conference as people are available within minutes irrespective of their locations. External Communication Strategies It is also important to improve external communication patterns (Manners-Bell par. 16). The improvement is necessary in such areas as collaboration “across supply chain partners”, the development of trustful relationships with partners and (Manners-Bell Supply Chain Risk 39). It can be effective to ensure suppliers’ capacity to issue the alert. Clearly, it will be effective when some internal issues occur. At that, the suppliers will be able to notify timely the company and avoid significant losses. Of course, when it comes to such external factors as an earthquake, another strategy should be employed. Instead of trying to contact partners experiencing difficulties, the system should provide possible alternatives immediately. Meanwhile, the system can notify the supplier about the redirection so that the partner could stop some processes if necessary. Thus, the supply chain will not be disrupted. It is also essential to make sure that suppliers are aware of some principles of the system. It can be effective to notify partners and have a meeting on the matter with the most valued partners. Director of Supply Chain Management should run the meeting with most important suppliers, and managers of the SCRM team can run meetings as well as notify the rest of partners. It is important to explain the need to have such a system, and the company’s experience associated with disasters like the Tohoku Earthquake can help prove the need for that kind of knowledge management system. The meetings will help to develop trusting relationships with suppliers. Works Cited Chao, Loretta. “Cisco Changes Bring Supply Chain, IT Under One Leader.” The Wall Street Journal 8 June 2015. Web. Cisco SCRM in Action: 2011 Tohoku Earthquake 2013. Web. < https://wdi-publishing.com/product/cisco-scrm-in-action-2011-tohoku-earthquake/ >. Manners-Bell, John. “How Does Cisco Manage Supply Chain Risk?” Electronic Purchasing Strategies 12 August 2014. Web. Supply Chain Risk: An Emerging Discipline Understanding Emerging Threats to Global Supply Chains. Philadelphia: Kogan Page Publishers, 2014. Print. Munson, Chuck. The Supply Chain Management Casebook: Comprehensive Coverage and Best Practices in SCM. Upper Saddle River: FT Press, 2013. Print. Schlegel, Gregory L., and Robert J. Trent. Supply Chain Risk Management: An Emerging Discipline. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2014. Print.
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Nanotechnology and its Perspectives in Connecticut Analytical Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Application of nanotechnology 3. State of Connecticut Framework Policy on Nanotechnology 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction Nanotechnology , a term first used in 1974 by Norio Taniguchi of University of Tokyo has been defined as “the design and fabrication of materials ,devices and systems with control at nanometer dimensions”(Ramsden,3). Nanotechnology has attracted the attention of scientists and commercial entities due to its potential applications in a wide array of fields. Having recognized this fact long ago, the state of Connecticut has moved fast to set a firm foundation and initiate various strategies that are designed to propagate it into a major player in this field in the coming years. Application of nanotechnology To date nanotechnology continues to be applied in diverse areas such as electronics, photonics, medicine, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, and finishes for surface and textile (Ramsden 10). In electronics, nanotechnology is applied in development of circuitry. In addition, it is also applied in the fabrication of mechanical systems (MEMS) in which three dimensional structures functioning as accelerometers, torque sensors, pressures sensors, among others are created in silicon (Ramsden 8). In Photonics, the technology has been used to create optical fiber. A hybrid version of photonics has also been used in switching and routing of data. In pharmaceuticals, nanoactive ingredients have been used in skin cosmetic formulation (Ramsden 8). In finishes for surfaces and textiles, the technology has been used to create “superhdrophobic” surfaces that are easy to clean (Ramsden 8). State of Connecticut Framework Policy on Nanotechnology According to a report by Office for Workforce Competitiveness of Connecticut, efforts to advance nanotechnology in Connecticut began in 2003 with a detailed assessment of the benefits of nanosciences to the state and the state’s competitiveness in nanotechnology (3).The findings of the assessment were then used to formulate a development strategy by an advisory council drawn from industry, academic, government and economic development organizations (3). According to the same report, the development strategy seeks to make Connecticut excel in specific nanosciences areas that include fuel cell and advanced material, sensors and detectors, and drug discovery and development (4).Following these, an action plan was developed in 2006 by the Advisory Council. This action plan was later legislated into law through the Public Act No. 06-530. The initiative to advance nanotechnology in Connecticut as specified, in the assessment reports was to be implemented in a number ways starting from the year 2007. Firstly, it called for the establishment of an active nanotechnology product innovation focus by building on the Connecticut Small Business Innovation and Research (SBIR) office (Office for Workforce Competitiveness 5). SBIR role is to identify and fund promising nanotechnology business startups. SBIR in it pilot funding scheme has already presented funding to some of the new firms working on fuel cells. These include Mystic MP, MOH and Gencell Corporation. Secondly, the initiative advocated for the partnership between Universities and Industry so as to speed up the adoption of commercially viable innovations. Thirdly, it called for the incorporation of nanosciences into colleges and university curriculum to enhance post secondary nanotechnology education and program development. In this regard an introductory course is to be gradually integrated into associates, bachelors and master degrees offered in colleges and universities. This course covers elementary aspects of nanotechnology as well as related business and economic needs the technology presents to the state. A consortium of state universities has already been formed under the direction of the Department of Higher Education. Lastly, it sought the development of state-of-the-art instrumentation facility for nanosciences to be shared by research institutions of Connecticut to enable “more comprehensive nanoscale characterization” (Office for Workforce Competitiveness 12).Specifically, the facility is to provide advanced microscopy and microanalysis capability which is lacking in many institutions. Conclusion The State of Connecticut has, without doubt, laid a firm and necessary framework for the adoption of nanotechnology. These measures and their implementations will be critical in determining the future of nanotechnology in the state. Works Cited Office for Workforce Competitiveness . Advancing Connecticut Nanotechnology: A Report on Ongoing activities and Call for Future Investments . Battelle Memorial Institute, 2007. Web. Ramsden, Jerermy J. “What is nanotechnology.” Nanotechnology Perception 1(2005): 3-17. Web.
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“Project Scheduling and Cost Control” by J. Taylor Essay Table of Contents 1. Project Planning 2. Estimating 3. Estimating Practices 4. Discussion of Terms 5. Resource Planning Fundamentals 6. Reference Project Planning Since many projects are usually complex, proper plans are essential to support the delivery of positive results within the stipulated time. This process is intended to streamline the coordination and control of every activity. Planning is essential since it seeks to prevent most of the predicaments that could arise due to the absence of an effective strategy (Taylor, 2007). Some of the typical planning challenges include dependencies not accounted for, reduced details, inadequate time for design and rework, inappropriate design, insufficient information for management, unanticipated risks, and difficult handover to the user. Schedule planning is an important practice required when pursuing a specific project. This form of the plan revolves around the consideration of an artistic and scientific approach to support the entire strategy. The scientific element is essential since it describes the breakdown of all tasks in an interrelated manner, thereby optimizing resources. The artistic initiative is essential since projects are “often politically driven, thus requiring finesse and interpersonal skill” (Taylor, 2007, p. 57). This initiative becomes essential to ensure that participants are aware of their obligations. The manager will rely on this concept to get relevant materials and supplies to support the completion of the project. Estimating The process of “estimating” is a difficult yet important task required to launch and complete a given project successfully. The exercise entails predicting schedules and costs throughout the undertaking. Unfortunately, the optimistic nature of estimating explains why the project budget will tend to be undervalued while more initiatives might be behind schedule (Taylor, 2007). Consequently, the presented estimates will mostly be inaccurate and capable of affecting the success of the entire project. For example, many companies usually find it hard to come up with correct figures for their respective projects. Many industries and managers will usually overestimate their budgets. Such malpractice means that they will acquire more than enough resources but still fail to deliver the intended results within the stipulated period (Taylor, 2007). This challenge of estimation explains why there is a need for managers to be aware of different practices and options that are available to get the right figures and pursue their goals efficiently. Estimating Practices While there are different methods for making estimates, past scholars have presented additional practices that have the potential to support the delivery of desirable results. The first strategy is for accountants and managers to use every available simple and accurate approach (Taylor, 2007). The second approach is to consider the importance of combing two or more methods to get a better value and estimate the project accordingly. The third technique could be to consider the power of teamwork to develop the intended estimates. The fourth one is focusing on past experiences and lessons to offer the most accurate figure. The fifth strategy is communicating final estimates to all stakeholders and seeking their inputs (Taylor, 2007). For example, a project team can share the information with the leaders and departmental heads to offer their suggestions. Finally, participants need to record all assumptions and considerations to come up with a workable figure throughout the project period. Discussion of Terms The term “scope statement” refers to a document detailing the features, stakeholders, and deliverables associated with a specific project. Those involved can outline various goals that will examine the overall success of the project. A good example is a plan detailing the major objectives, mission, and deliverables of a specific organizational project (Taylor, 2007). Work breakdown structure (WBS) refers to the detailed plan intended to divide the major components and activities that have to be delivered within the specified period. The document guides the manager to group his or her teams and assign activities that are manageable and capable of supporting the entire project. When pursuing specific projects, it becomes necessary for managers to consider the idea of expert judgment. This concept identifies the technique of acquiring judgment or information based on predetermined expertise and criterion relevant to the specified area or field (Taylor, 2007). This kind of knowledge will become a powerful guideline for formulating the best decisions and ensuring that timely results are realized from the intended project. Resource Planning Fundamentals Resource planning is an essential practice that dictates the source and availability of the right people, facilities, and equipment. The engagement of all stakeholders is essential to ensure that the project is on track (Taylor, 2007). To support this initiative, three fundamentals are usually essential to promote the delivery of timely results. The first one is a responsibility matrix which is intended to monitor the breakdown structure and assign each activity to a competent person. The second one would be a resource spreadsheet and it will denote the required items, quantity, and the appropriate delivery period. A smooth curve is considered the best guideline to make sure that positive results are recorded. The third fundamental for effective resource planning is a Gantt chart (Taylor, 2007). This tool supports the grouping of activities depending on the required resources for the project. Managers need to design a chronology of activities to guide the entire process. Reference Taylor, J. (2007). Project scheduling and cost control: Planning, monitoring and controlling the baseline. Fort Lauderdale, FL: J. Ross Planning.
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This approach seems to be taken for granted today, but, in fact, it is unbelievable, how people went without the Internet in previous times? The thing is that the Internet becomes a new kind of media due to its scope of information and people sharing its services. Moreover, the increase of users is growing all over the world. Today one hardly could find a place where there is no Internet coverage. In this respect, the development of new type for communication, new style and culture of it are necessary for the commercial structures. The most progressive part of mankind, youth, constantly checks the information via the Internet for the purpose to find common interests and not lagging behind the time prospects. In this approach, there is a possibility for business to develop their services or production lines involving as many users being aware of such initiatives as possible. The paper deals with the significance of Internet interactive communication as of its use for commercial interests in particular. Lister (2003) writes that communication via the Internet was a cultural achievement of the time and that it let the huge investments have a place in the world web by owing to a global interest of people worldwide. What is more, the cultural peculiarities of today’s generations prop up against the necessity to master Internet and computing technologies to be stylish and advantageous in society. The flow of time ignores any delay of mind within individuals. In other words, it is better for people to follow technological progress, but not vice versa. Franklin (2004) provides an idea that a faster change of social framework in the twentieth century determined the appearance of Internet communication in different spheres of activities and in business, particularly: “As Internet technologies are appropriated by commercial interests with access to huge financial resources, technical know-how, and market access, popular imaginaries have been put to work in selling this commercial vision of communication futures” (19). Thus, in the contemporary outline of technological appliances and supplements which are expressed and implemented in the Internet community space, people got accustomed to using high technologies for their strategic purposes already. Turning up to the modern estimation of Internet opportunities it is vital [to point out the Web 2.0 technologies which are implemented in different services, namely: social networking, mashups, Internet communities, video-sharing sites, etc (Solomon & Schrum, 2007). With the invention of Web 2.0 technologies, the communication in Internet transformed from passive into the active form. Thereupon, the emergence of blogs, for example, let users express their feelings and opinions sharing them with the rest of users all over the world. Lister (2003) continues the list of appropriate services including e-mailing, participation in Usenet, Bulletin Board Systems, chat rooms, etc. The flow of personal and business interests and their so-called overlapping is invisible and hardly felt now due to the mutuality of approaches. There are several examples of such collaboration. For instance, the social network Facebook or Twitter, or MySpace are used both by ordinary users and also by business structures for the purpose to be reached within different communities. The Internet dimension became the most intensive place for the provision of business in a global scope. Thus, by means of Twitter, you can not only communicate with peers and colleagues, but also find information about goods and services, or even proper educational establishments. Wood and Smith (2005) urge to mention that Internet communication is a complex of means which fall into packet-switching, multimedia, interactivity, synchronicity, and hypertextuality. People can get only an imaginary experience using these virtual technologies. For example, YouTube is a well-known video-sharing service that stores millions of different video clips from all over the world. It is a way for many people to make a name for somebody, a would-be singer, speaker, poet, etc. Show business looks for talents due to YouTube and then promotes new celebrities in the world arena. So this service is an interactive mean of communication is also commercialized. Commercial interests are also represented on sites where the information about, for instance, a well-known music project is accompanied by different items with the label of this project. All in all, when someone visits Internet resources he/she unintentionally runs across various advertisements. Amazon.com, Google, E-Bay, and many other web-based portals provide communication in terms of advantageous for both provider and user relationships. With a trendy tendency to change the form of relationships appeared a trend to use a particular style of language for communication. The popular IM abbreviations and chat acronyms today are taken into account by users so that to express their attitude toward each other and toward some matters or events. Among them are BRB (Be Right Back), BOL (Best of Luck), ROTFL (Rolling on the Floor Laughing), and others (D’Silva, 2007). To sum up, the world of Internet relationships overgrew into a huge and wide field of interest sharing. Personal, social, religious, business, and other kinds of interest are implemented throughout Internet communication. The commercialization of the Internet is still going on. Nevertheless, in present days such transformation of communication between individuals is taken into account, and there is nothing surprising, in fact. References D’Silva, R 2007, Chat Lingo: Popular IM Abbreviations and Chat Acronyms, 2007, Viewed. Web. Franklin, M 2004, Postcolonial politics, the Internet, and everyday life: Pacific traversals online, Routledge, Lonon. Lister, M 2003, New media: a critical introduction . Routledge, London. Solomon, G & Schrum, L 2007, Web 2.0: new tools, new schools ISTE Interntl Soc Tech Educ, Washington, DC. Wood, AF & Smith, MJ 2005 Online communication: linking technology, identity, and culture, Ed. 2, Routledge, London.
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“Into the Wild” the Book by Jon Krakauer Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Annotated Bibliography 5. Works Cited Introduction McCandless’s journey and his death in Alaska created the basis for vigorous debates about the reasons for this trip, its relevance, and the man’s death. The unusual character of these events resulted in the creation of the book Into the Wild by Krakauer, who tried to repeat the same way and explain the main causes of the main character’s actions. Responding to this work, Alaskans described the whole journey as unwise and unreasonable because of the low preparedness level of McCandless. However, one can disagree with them, as being an educated person from a rich family, he just wanted to obtain freedom and avoid stereotypes of society that imprisoned him. Main body In fact, McCandless’s journey was unique and attracted the attention of various groups of people. Initially, Alaska was not his prior destination point, on the contrary, he moved to the Western United States and spent much time there. However, his trip ended in a severe area where unprepared people have few chances to survive. There are multiple debates about the motifs for this decision as his family matters, relations with other people, and community was not depressing or extremely complex. However, he apparently wanted freedom and emancipation from the chains of social stereotypes that limited him in his attempts to cognize the world (Krakauer 34). Moreover, being an unusual person, McCandless wanted to escape from the safe environment of the modern world and understand real feelings that might affect people in stressful situations. The desire to escape the mainstream became one of the central motifs for venturing into the wilderness. In his journey, McCandless seems rebellious against the ways of thinking that are stereotypically strong in contemporary society. Instead of enjoining the benefits of the wealthy family and good education, he leaves everything behind and moves into the wilderness to find some unusual experiences. Both the movie and the book emphasize this fact and show other individuals that in his attempt to escape, McCandless remains brutally honest and does not want to make compromises (Krakauer 56). Instead, he ends his days in a severe area, completely exhausted, but devoted to his ideas and views. Conclusion Because of the unusual character of this story, Krakauer manages to attract readers by using both logical and emotional appeals. He shows motifs that made McCandless move and underlines the complexity of the trip, appealing to the feelings of individuals (Krakauer 34). The movie uses a similar approach as viewers start to understand the main character’s reasons and sympathize with him because of the hard challenges he has to overcome ( Into the Wild ). Krakauer parallels this story with some other disappearances of young people who escaped society and started to travel to show that McCandless is not alone in his attempts to find some new ways (Krakauer 56). In such a way, the original story, book, and movie show that the man had his own motifs for accepting this decision and going into the wilderness, and they can justify his intention and desire to live his life in another way. Annotated Bibliography Into the Wild . Directed by Sean Penn, performance by Emile Hirsh, Paramount Vantage, 2007. The movie depicts McCandless’s arrival in Alaska, his previous journeys, and factors that preconditioned the appearance of the desire to escape the stereotypes of society and move across the USA, looking from unique emotions and unusual experiences. Krakauer, Jon. Into the Wild . Anchor Books, 1997. The book describes the life of Christopher Johnson McCandless, a young graduate from Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. Being a son of wealthy parents, he decides to leave everything and start traveling to find answers to questions important to him. The text makes readers think about the leading motifs of the main character, the relevance of this journey, and McCandless’s death. Works Cited Into the Wild . Directed by Sean Penn, performance by Emile Hirsh, Paramount Vantage, 2007. Krakauer, Jon. Into the Wild . Anchor Books, 1997.
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Perspectives of Believing in God Thesis Most of the educated people who are considered to be critical thinkers usually take different perspectives in forming beliefs that are of great significance and straightforward. In most cases, they usually evaluate critically, logically, and carefully the exhibited evidence alleged to either support or is against certain overlaid claims. It has been proven that whenever the exhibiting factor as evidence outwits the counter-explanation about the claim, then it is certified to be true as suggested by Barrett (2004). Melchert (2006) suggests that both scientists and philosophers currently are out to search and evaluate evidence as a virtue of formulating beliefs. Most of the beliefs people hold in life including those formed by scientists and philosophers originate in less transparent weird ways. Believing in something gives a clear impression that someone has an intensified commitment to that thing thus being true and correct in one way or another. Believing can be explained in different versions. For instance, it can be used to portray weak commitment, having trust in an individual, and so on. Generally, it is clearly stated that people evoke all the above-mentioned commitments of beliefs when discussing matters related to God. According to Melchert (2006), people believe in God from different perspectives. For instance, they believe in God’s love, his existence, approval of their behaviors, magnificent powerful nature, provision nature, and many more other beliefs about God. According to the argument of Melchert (2006), it is believed that when people reflect on beliefs that are related to God, religious beliefs usually steers up their minds thus initiating positive changes. Christianity beliefs encapsulate the minds of pastors, theologians, social scientists, and other Christianity personnel thus capturing their attention. Religious beliefs in most cases exist in various perspectives that are reflective. It is believed that God manifests himself in their forms, it is also believed that God has greater desires for peace to prevail on earth, it is also believed that God watches over human actions due to his omnipresent nature. Some claims that are non-reflective Christianity oriented perceive that God is believed to communicate to man through prayers. It is believed that God is the overall solution to any problem parse (Melchert, 2006). This is because people perceive prayers differently and whenever they pray in different languages, God can hear and understand their prayers thus giving them a solution to their problems. By doing this, they believe that God perceives every activity they partake and in the long run, they may end up facing judgment. Some Christians believe that different people have got a diversified range of traits and attitudes. All these factors are believed to be under the control of God’s will thus lacking any free will to control over their personality about the way they behave in daily life activities. Biblically it is believed that everything that exists under the sun is owned by God and he can account for it. Believing in God gives the assumption that, all activities and everything that is done in Christ’s faith by man is achieved through God’s will, effort, and strength (Phil. 3:14) as stated by Booker (2005). According to Booker, it is believed that God is the sole provider of everything including air that people inhale, properties people own, and even families owned by different people. It is also believed that God is the security caretaker and that is why whenever a serious believer falls sick will always seek healing from God even if he is bedridden. The reason why this happens is that people have faith in God as the sole creator and is the only one who can resuscitate an unconscious person. People believe from genesis that God created the entire universe with its components thus considered to be a heavenly father Booker (2005) Booker (2005) argues that we are all children of God and that is the truth of the whole matter as believed biblically. Every individual has an earthly father and a heavenly father according to Paul in his letter to Ephesians. He wrote that God predestined everybody on earth to be adopted as his child by the upcoming Christ courtesy of his will and his glorious praise granted to everybody freely through the one of her choice (Jesus Christ). One of the disciples of Jesus Christ called John talked of God being our father through the love he showed to us. He said that God’s lavished love to his people is great and that people should be called children of God and from that belief is what we are today. All people who are committed Christians believe in the entire truth of God being their father. This father is believed to be all-knowing, good, caring, all-powerful, always present everywhere, full of mercy, a just father, not changing father, under control of everything, and perfect among others. Biblically it is also argued that everyone possesses Godly given abilities. Every individual is entitled to a very special responsibility to partake in the family of God as he or she lives under the sun (Booker, 2005). The assigned roles are accomplished by the gifts that an individual is equipped with. However, there is not even a single person that is entitled to the wholesome Godly spiritual endowments instead the equipped skills are specifically designed by God. This helps to accomplish the assigned duties thus benefiting the family of God. References Barrett L. J. (2004). Why Would Anyone Believe In God? Ontario: Rowman Altamira Publication. Booker M. (2005). Never Stop Believing In God . New York: Xulon Press Melchert N. (2006). The Greatest Conversion (5 th ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press
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Change Management Steps in Police Organizations Essay In the constantly changing world, every organization needs to adjust to the current environment and alter according to the dictates of the time, and police departments are also subject to this phenomenon. In this context, police staff should perceive change as a normal part of their working process. To administer change is the task of the utmost importance for supervisors. This paper will examine the steps that may be taken and the way they are implemented in practice. Organizational changes are often associated with failure: employees who identify themselves with their organization regard innovations as threats to their identities (Jacobs, van Witteloostuijn, and Christe-Zeyse 780). It implies the necessity to govern adaptive behavior by means of the leader–member exchange strategy (LMX). Contacts with a supervisor are especially valuable during adaptation to shifting because they are likely to reduce employees’ resistance to change and help reach their work-related goals in a new setting (Van den Heuvel, Demerouti, and Bakker 849). If personnel can express their opinion and communicate with leaders, their cooperation will be more effective and purposeful because actual problems will be discussed. It is the interaction that gives staff an opportunity to create their new identity. Among police officers, LMX is considered a desirable approach (Van den Heuvel et al. 21). Another step may be to address to the experience of other police departments within and outside the country. Since changes occur regularly, the past exemplifies the most productive strategies and tools that will probably be useful. In this respect, dealing with the tendency to resist change is particularly important: many departments have their long-standing institutional traditions and try to avoid any innovations (Cox, Marchionna, and Fitch 75). For example, police used to be an insular institution, but the New York City Police Department (NYPD) became one of the pioneers introducing transparency and openness (White 40). The matter of primary importance was to deal with many new recruits. It was relevant for the internal policy: data significant for decision-making, such as investments, support operations, government policy, regulation, and control, became available (De Wolff, Drenth, and Thierry 196). The fundamental method of persuasion was discussion. The third possible step is to collaborate with police unions. They are notable for collective bargaining and the policy-making process, including the right to negotiate disciplinary practices: membership in a police union makes officers submit to the rules and policies that govern the agency and uphold them (Shane 68). A supervisor may contact union leaders and discuss changes. As working conditions improvement is one of the main tasks for unions, alterations in this sphere will presumably be in the focus of stakeholders’ attention. However, other changes may also be considered: for instance, unions can educate employees with information about certain changes at the police authorities’ request. Unfortunately, this step is not typically followed in real life situations, and little research concerning supervisors and police unions’ interaction has been conducted. To sum up, change has always been a part of police officers’ occupational world: retirement, resignation, promoting, and other issues are usual. Under such circumstances, it is significant for a supervisor to manage change properly. Three possible steps may be identified: the leader–member exchange strategy, the experience of other departments, and collaboration with police units. In the nowadays practice, police organizations typically follow the first two steps while cooperation with unions is still uncommon. Works Cited Cox, Steven, Susan Marchionna, and Brian D. Fitch. Introduction to Policing . Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, 2015. Print. De Wolff, Charles, Pieter Drenth, and Henk Thierry. A Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology. Hove: Psychology Press, 2013. Print. Jacobs, Gabriele, Arjen van Witteloostuijn, and Jochen Christe-Zeyse. “A Theoretical Framework of Organizational Change .” The Journal of Organizational Change Management 26.5 (2013): 772-792. Print. Shane, Jon M. “Police Employee Disciplinary Matrix an Emerging Concept.” Police Quarterly 15.1 (2012): 62-91. Van den Heuvel, Machteld, Evangelia Demerouti, and Arnold B. Bakker. “How Psychological Resources Facilitate Adaptation to Organizational Change.” The European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 23.6 (2014): 847-858. Print. White, Michael D. “The New York City Police Department, Its Crime Control Strategies and Organizational Changes, 1970-2009.” Justice Quarterly 31.1 (2014): 74-95. Print.
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Online Meeting Rooms and Events Essay Table of Contents 1. The challenge of making sure employees are engaged and connected 2. Employees Demand More Work Flexibility 3. Implications in a change of culture 4. References Online meeting rooms have largely influenced on how organizations are distributed. Managers can meet online with employees from different parts without moving to a centralized place. This has helped many organizations reduce costs and save relocation time. The traditional work styles have changed rapidly, and people are remotely working from their homes (Coleman, 2006). Offices are spatially distributed and online meetings and events achieve their management. The challenge of making sure employees are engaged and connected The main problem of using online meetings is getting your members concentrated; the manager cannot tell whether that employee in their pajamas is still concentrated in the discussion. Many distractions might arise and reduce the employee’s concentration. The coordinator of the meeting has a hard time to ensure that all participants are actively involved (Coleman, 2006). This is not only a problem to the organization but to employees too. This is because they want to work and still want to involve others, meet and catch up with families. This is usually not possible since most workers never meet face-to-face (Coleman, 2006). As more and more people work remotely from homes, companies are cutting down costs since they require less space. However, it is yet to be seen whether these tools are enough to engender the social trust necessary for effective and efficient team collaboration (Coleman, 2006). Employees Demand More Work Flexibility A recent study in the United Kingdom has shown that, due to the changing technology on online chats and meetings, workers want more autonomy and flexibility. Employees want organizations that portray their identities but not those that define them. They want an organization that allows them to work at their comfort and give them a greater say on how things are run (Coleman, 2006). Implications in a change of culture The most difficult part of workplace change is not the company’s physical environment or technology; employees and their culturally costumed attitudes about how they are managed, the way they should work, and their connection to the traditional centralized workplace. This is not something new as Edward T. Hall wrote in his classic books about time and culture, how people relate is a part of their culture (Coleman, 2006). These are usually learned informally at an early age especially the first ten years of someone’s life, and they do not change so frequently. Resistance to this new cultural change or some variation of it is creating barriers to this current trend especially by the elderly and the baby boomers. In the future, the old central offices will get terminated. This is because the managers and workers more comfortable with this traditional lifestyle and workplaces are the older and almost retiring (Coleman, 2006). In the meantime, if the elderly decline to embrace these new working styles, they will find it increasingly hard to retain their jobs. Online meetings are influencing negatively on the way we interact with other employees in the normal setting of personal contact. It is becoming increasingly hard for employees to communicate, and socialize face to face with each other; managers might not be able to interview and probe them well for further information since there is no personal contact. Since it is no longer possible to communicate with distributed teams of employees, managers need to familiarize themselves with the changing lifestyles, and trends of technology (Ouye, 2010). References Coleman, D. (2006). New Ways of Working Research. London: Oxford University Press. Ouye, J. (2010). Trends that Are Dramatically Changing Work and the Workplace. New Yok: Routeledge.
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Differences Between Criminal vs. Civil Law Research Paper The contemporary society can be described as a multi-layered system that functions effectively due to the existence of multiple institutions regulating its development and cooperation between all individuals. The Justice system belongs to these fundamentals as it guarantees protection to people. Regarding the increased complexity of relations in the modern world, there are civil and criminal laws that exist to differentiate various cases and introduce appropriate punishments for lawbreakers not insulting their basic rights and preserving the chance to integrate with the society in the future. That is why it is critical to realize the differences between these two laws existing in the justice system. Civil and criminal law are two separate entities that have certain regulations and appropriate punishments for various offenses. The first one deals with a set of behaviors or actions that injure an individual or another private party, organization, or corporation (Erstad, 2018). Such cases involve property damage, breach of contract, negligence, or malpractice (Legal Aid Society, n.d.). Criminal law presupposes the work with acts that are considered a threat or offense against the public, society, and the state, even if victims of the wrong behavior are individuals (Erstad, 2018). Murders, assaults, and thefts are investigated by criminal law. Both civil lawsuits and criminal trials rest on the idea that all sorts of crimes should be proved to avoid injustice and other failures. However, there is a significant difference in the standards that comes from the severity of offenses and punishments provided for them. Civil cases traditionally presuppose lower standards of proof, such as the preponderance of the evidence (Legal Aid Society, n.d.). It means that a court considers a crime using the idea that some act is more probable to occur in a certain way than not (Erstad, 2018). Regarding criminal law, all crimes should be proved using credible evidence and solid facts because of the existing presumption of innocence (Erstad, 2018). These differences impact the work, of course, significantly. In criminal courts, the government is the main accuser. It files a case against a person for committing a crime who is called a defendant (Reid, 2016). During the process, the government must provide evidence proving that a defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt (Legal Aid Society, n.d.). If the guilt is proven, he/she will be provided with the punishment and imprisoned. Otherwise, in civil court, one party sues against another party because of the existence of a particular problem between them; organizations, business agencies, and companies can also become parties (Erstad, 2018). If an individual loses a civil case, he/she might be obliged to pay a fine or return a particular property (Legal Aid Society, n.d.). Civil law does not presuppose imprisonment. Finally, there is a critical difference between capital and non-capital offenses that should be considered while speaking about courts. The capital offense is determined as a serious crime that can be provided with the death penalty as an appropriate punishment; usually, the term is applied to murders (Reid, 2016). At the same time, non-capital crimes presuppose less severe penalties because of their nature. Regarding the client’s case involving her son breaking the front window of the restaurant, it can be considered a non-capital offense that will not presuppose a lengthy punishment. Altogether, there is a significant divergence between civil and criminal law as they deal with different cases resting on their severity. The suggested offense can be considered a non-capital one as the boy broke the window of the restaurant, which is not a serious crime. Regarding the information provided above, the restaurant may file a case against him, but only a fine will be considered an appropriate punishment for this incident. References Erstad, W. (2018). Civil law vs. criminal law: Breaking down the differences . Web. Legal Aid Society of Northeastern New York. (n.d.). The differences between criminal court and civil court . Web. Reid, S. (2016). Criminal law: The essentials (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
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The Link Between Professionalism and Ethics Essay Professionalism and ethics are key factors in a job setting. These two aspects work hand in hand. Engineering is no different case. Ethics seeks to evaluate deeply on moral aspects. It entails the practices that the staff carries out in an establishment. It incorporates; good value, code of conduct, moral value, principles and virtues. The ethics enable one to outlay professionalism in undertaking his engineering career. Professional ethics helps a lot in proficiency and comprehending problems encountered in this field. Ethics assists one to know the good and bad sides of a person in a work setting. Engineering ethics are the codes of standard applied in the field of engineering. These ethics portray good conducts in professional engineers. In accordance with the innovation in science and technology one needs to uphold high moral standard in terms of principle and practices. It concentrates on doing the right action with out inconveniencing other parties. In engineering one needs guidelines that propel him or her to success in this field. The guidelines are set values that give the ability to make correct choices, decisions and action. Not all values are equal. It all depends with the perception of a person and his/her experience. One can modify and create beliefs that define his identity. Thus he may hold characters such as social skills, peace among co-workers, truth and honesty. Perseverance, discernment and accuracy are also values that one needs to have in order to relay services professionally. This boosts his moral behavior and upholds professional skills. In addition to values and morals a professional needs work ethics. These ethics ought to be principled and easy to interpret. Employing attitudes of work value will need a lot of motivation in order to succeed. This goes along way to increase the productivity and overall performance in engineering. In the work place the relationship among co-workers and employees in the organization, depends heavily on the ethics. The engineers tactfully apply the code of ethics to tackle problems encountered in the field. The engineer should offer high standard of service to the client. He should work towards achieving set objectives as part of strengthening his skills in the profession (Naagarazan 41). Moral issues may arise at certain times in an organization. This will require one to apply professionalism to tackle such issues. Issues such as resource crouch may lead one to be manipulated and unethical termination of projects. Another issue is applying double standards in making decisions and selection of projects. The management may seek to fulfill their interest more than the employees. The employees may develop poor attitude to providing services to the consumers. These issues can be sorted through normative inquiry where norms are used to guide the employees and the management to run the organization. The management should come in strongly to offer a neutral field for implementation of these norms. Another way of curbing moral issues is by conceptual inquiry where all the employees are directed and informed of the concepts and principles. Factual or descriptive inquiry is another way to solve the moral issues arising in an organization. This inquiry provides information about practices and effectiveness of the system. When one upholds professionalism he or she expects to be loyal to the organization, have high level of integrity, be knowledgeable and applies tact in undertaking tasks of the organization. He should be a social catalyst and serve the management and other employees without biasness. The professional conduct helps to gain trust in the public and improve professional development (Naagarazan 39). Professionalism in the public domain determines how resources and other activities are carried out. A professional will bear responsibility of his work in the sense that he becomes liable and accountable for action he takes in the organization. By carrying out his duty well, he gets appraisal from the management due to his success. A competent professional will strive to meet the requirement of the client. It is highly recommended that clients confidentiality to be observed. This is also part of professionalism since the client builds trust in the employee. Other attributes of a competent professional is to respect the management and other employees as well as the client. Courtesy when communicating to client will boost confidence in the engineer from the client perspective. They should also be ready to offer services to a diverse population. The employee should avoid fraud and misuse of resources at all times. Above all discipline is very important. In a sum up professionalism is the equality of being honest and faithful to the profession. Always honor the law and observe rules and regulation of the State. Professionalism may be hindered by a number of factors such as poverty levels and high level for illiteracy in the society. Most engineers may take advantage of these situations in the society and offer substantial services to them. To curb this situation the engineers should be given adequate remuneration to refrain them from exploiting the less fortunate (Philip 74). Professionalism and ethics work hand in hand. For one to be a successful professional he or she needs to have all the ethics values and virtues. Successful engineers are as a result of the moral behaviors and work ethics they endorse in their day to day undertaking. If these ethics are advocated world wide then the world will absolutely have more engineers who are professionally fit. Work Cited Naagarazan, Ramayan. Textbook on Professional Ethics and Human Values. New Delhi: New Age International, 2006. Print. Philip, Sadler. Management consultancy: a handbook for best practice. London: Kogan Page Publishers, 2002. Print.
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“Fictive Kin, Paper Sons, and Compadrazgo” by Thornton Dill Essay Summary of Bonnie Thornton Dill’s Work In the work “Fictive Kin, Paper Sons, and Compadrazgo,” Bonnie Thornton Dill discusses the position of women of color in American society during the 19 th century and the early part of the 20 th century with references to their social responsibilities and role in a family. The author focuses on the life of African American women, Chinese women, and representatives of the Chicano culture to compare the life aspects with the situation characteristic for the white women in the United States during the discussed period. The author’s work is divided into three parts. Focusing on the life of the African American women, Dill pays attention to the concept of slavery as important to determine the role of the reproductive labor, patriarchal approach to family, and gender division of work for affecting the life of the women of color. Thus, Dill states that egalitarianism typical for the African American families had negative effects on women who were discussed as equal to African American men, and they had to perform as equal workers and also to concentrate on the household responsibilities. The African American women were not discussed as performers of the female roles in a family. They were sources of the labor force that is why the growth of slaves’ families was significant for the slave owners. Chinese women in the United States suffered from the effects of cultural stereotypes. Girls in families could not rely on a good attitude because they were discussed as temporary family members. Many Chinese women became prostitutes in the United States, thus, the Chinese family could not develop in the country appropriately. More attention was paid to the role of the Mexican women in families as representatives of the Chicano culture and as the important elements of the large family networks. The author’s discussion of the role of women of color in families depends on the analysis of the existing literature on the topic. Even though Dill focuses on the specific racial and ethnic groups to discuss the role of women in families, it is possible to examine the topic of the family more broadly and focus on such general sociological points as the role of race in a family, gender division of labor at home, equality and egalitarianism, family network, and kinship. From this point, race can influence the family development along with the culture, and the fact of belonging to the ethnic minority affects the distribution of the women’s role in a family as well as the social role. Questions to Discuss 1. How did the approach to egalitarianism in slave families influence the vision of gender labor division related to the role of women? 2. What is the role of women to contribute to the development of ethnic minority families?
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It is caused by the presence of a partial or complete duplicate of chromosome 21 and is otherwise known as trisomy 21. Down syndrome is characterized by slower than usual physical and mental development, and consequently, a mental disability, as the average IQ of an affected individual is 50, which is about a half of the average for a genetically normal young adult (www #1). The disease is a result of overexpression of 310 genes, and as a randomly occurring disorder, it is neither recessive nor dominant and is not linked to a gender-defining chromosome (23rd pair). The disorder is easily recognizable from the characteristic facial features and is congenital as it forms during fetal development (www #2). Usually, the parents of a child with DS are genetically normal, and the disorder occurs by chance. Factors like age contribute to the risk of having an affected baby, as it rises to 3% for 45-year-old mothers (www #3). The disease is discoverable through prenatal screening or genetic testing, and frequently, pregnancies are terminated once DS has been discovered. Down syndrome is uncurable, but family support and education can improve the life quality of an affected individual. In some cases, children with DS have completed schools and even attended a university; many do some form of paid work but often require special conditions. The disease occurs most frequently in populations where abortion is considered unethical. There is not an evident global leader in the number of the affected individuals as not all cases are documented, but the United States registry cites an average of 0.14% of all the population being affected by DS (www #4). Turner syndrome Turner syndrome, although incurable, can be treated using various methods of contemporary medicine. As a gender-linked disorder, birth control is commonly used to develop sexual characteristics, the hormonal support of which is vital for the maintenance of healthy bones, heart, and other tissues. Moreover, modern methods of reproduction are used for TS-affected females who want to have a baby. Overall, treatment methods improving life quality are widely available. Around thirty percent of TS-affected women suffer from a webbed neck (extra skin folds), lymphedema (swelling of limbs), skeletal development defect, lower than normal hairline, and kidney issues (www #5). Other features are a wide chest, receding jaw, crossed or lazy eyes, and drooping eyelids. Usually, affected females have normal intelligence although they can possess learning disabilities, and have trouble orienting in space. Sometimes, social situations can also become difficult, although a little record of this has been discovered (www #6). The disorder is not inheritable, and in rare cases caused by chromosome abnormalities such as ring chromosome or isochromosome X. The former happens when the long and short arms of a broken chromosome join to form a ring, while the latter is a result of a replacement of one missing arm with an identical copy of the other arm. In essence, Turner Syndrome is the opposite of Down syndrome in terms of chromosomal development. There are other diseases similar to Turner Syndrome. One of those is the Noonan syndrome, a congenital disorder that also results in a webbed neck, facial abnormalities, widely set eyes, and other developmental changes. In contrast to TS, Noonan syndrome affects both genders and occurs as a result of mutations in the tauopathy pathway. It is a multiple-gene disorder affecting less than 0.1% of the population (www #6). Works Cited Clinical practice , Springer Link. Web. Molecular genetic analysis of Down syndrome , Springer Link. Web. Revised estimates of the maternal age specific live birth prevalence of Down’s syndrome , 2002, Sage Journals. Web. Updated national birth prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States , 2004–2006 – Parker – Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology – Wiley Online Library. Web. Turner syndrome – Genetics Home Reference – NIH. Web. Turner Syndrome – NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Web.
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Introduction 2. Book review 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction The author began his writing career while working for The Atlantic Monthly. He has also worked as a consulting writer for Fast Company. His writing has been featured in various magazines such as The Boston Globe, SPIN, and ESPN Magazine among others. This is the first book he has written which was published by Public Affairs publications during 2008. He is a resident of Santa Fe, and lives with his spouse. This is a remarkable book which provides an account of how advertisers are trying to infiltrate the thoughts of the American citizens. Book review In this book, the author provides illustrations from companies emphasizing on the various new advertising techniques and strategies of persuasion employed to influence the perceptions of consumers. According to the author, consumers are continuously bombarded with advertising messages, which have penetrated their lives. They have found their way into the consumers’ lives through education, medical prescriptions, cemeteries, and sex among other issues. The book has nine chapters. The first part evaluates the quick development of destination advertising, the decreasing nature of the US development research, and the “experience economy” (Conley 68). The author explains that this is an attempt to target consumers by advertising their experiences, recollections, and intimate relationships. This means that emotional exploitation is employed to influence the consumer’s essential cognitive abilities. Correspondingly, the author states that “consumers are willing to pay up to 200% more when their decisions are based on emotion rather than reason” (Conley 3). The author argues that the decrease of research and development relates to the significance placed on the image rather than the quality of the commodity being sold. For instance, an average of 150 daily products can satisfy about 85% of the population. In contrast, 35,000 new products are introduced into the market on an annual basis. Conley argues that 9/10 products will not be successful. Conley holds that, “with such fierce competition for so little space, brands are forced to develop strategies on how best to bond with consumers” (Conley 67). Consequently, rather than develop better commodities, organizations opt to re-brand because it is much simpler and cheaper. The three subsequent chapters present a debate on the various strategies employed by advertisers to circumvent their consumers’ cognitive filters. The author reveals horrific illustrations of branding related to product placement and invisible advertising. Commodity placements in the media have tremendously risen in the last few years, persistently pounding the consumers’ thoughts using branded television content (Conley 44). The final sections of the book assess the new advertising research strategies as well as private advertisements. Even though the author recognizes that advertising is rightfully placed in society, he argues “saturated in branding, Americans will increasingly see themselves as brands – as goods defined more by their packaging than their contents” (Conley 201). The book also highlights the fact that modern marketing researchers are evaluating advanced strategies in relation to psychological and artificial intelligence. This is in an attempt to obtain the capacity to influence reality from within the consumers’ minds. Conclusion This is a remarkable book which provides an account of how advertisers are trying to infiltrate the thoughts of the American citizens. Conley argues that Americans are affected by marketing-related complications such as obesity and gambling among others. Conley emphasizes that any slight increase in the effect of advertising, could adversely influence public health. The author makes an appeal to all consumers to refrain from obsessive advertisements. The author argues that it is the customers’ responsibility to decide what constitutes too much advertising. Works Cited Conley, Lucas. Obsessive Branding Disorder: The Business of Illusion and the Illusion of Business . New York: PublicAffairs, 2008. Print.
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Social Welfare & Childcare in Hirschmann’s and Skocpol’s Views Essay Introduction For quite some time, there has been a debate on where poor mothers should have the right to withdraw from their jobs and receive certain reimbursements from the government. Even though it was addressed by the US government several times, there was no united stance on the matter, which allowed for nonstop arguments pro and against poor mother welfare. Given that the process of combining domestic work and a paid job is extremely challenging, women’s family responsibilities quickly became the cornerstone of employment, forcing employers to make a quick decision on whether they would like to reimburse poor mothers or not. The lack of conditions welcoming the deployment of similar strategies made many authors argue for the elaboration of legislation that would support mother welfare and overcome the evidently conservative gender politics agenda. The current paper overviews two of the most vivid arguments on childcare written by Nancy Hirschmann and Theda Skocpol in order to define the possible advantages and flaws in their points of view. Aligning Welfare Benefits against Skocpol’s Arguments One of the key facts mentioned by Skocpol in her article was that the similarities between pensions and other types of welfare did not provide women with enough rights to equality and exposed them to even more challenges than before (427). At the time when that article was written, it could only mean that the similarities between female and male occupations were overlooked and not taken seriously by the government. The new types of social spending were ignored by supervision representatives because they were not sure about the possible success of such initiatives on a long-term scale. Accordingly, the leadership that was later established by the National Welfare Rights Organization could have prevented women from being perceived as unable to support themselves. This argument is crucial because it draws the line between being economically immobile and being a mother, which also means that single parents are not impractical for the state either. The fact that Skocpol also argued about the Congress and its relationship with the courts and probation officers leaves room for the claim that public funding is a reasonable investment that cannot be ignored by the government. According to her, the practical importance of single parents (especially mothers) cannot remain without supervision owing to the increasingly high chances of keeping families intact (450). As a matter of fact, this approach to welfare became prophecy-like over time, as women started getting recognized more, and the number of their educational and job-related opportunities started increasing drastically. The idea that an unemployed man could be a better fit for the organization than his identical female counterpart started fading and the movement for women’s rights took a breath of fresh air. With the demand playing a bigger role than a person’s gender, it became more evident that welfare is not the only way to support women (especially single mothers) and display awareness. Hirschmann’s Opinion on Welfare as an Update to Skocpol’s Viewpoint When Hirschmann updated Skocpol’s argument on the subject of welfare, she approached the question from a different angle and bashed the government for the reform that turned welfare into a form of dependency that should have been cured in order to make women look better in the eyes of the US society (144). The key to her position was that the concept of feminism should revolve around changing the world’s perception of females and their responsibilities within the framework of such aspects of human lives as familial construction, societal contribution, professional successes, and interpersonal interactions. The existence of family-life balance finally became a thing in the government’s eyes and allowed for further updates that could support the strength of industrial capitalism. Therefore, it may be concluded that the existence of welfare became a universal need for households where it takes more resources than usual to carry out all the responsibilities and care for children or adults. Similarly, the subjective view of social construction mentioned by Hirschmann could also be viewed as an essential change due to the government’s biased viewpoint as well (155). The false distinction between the so-called dependent and independent families became the essential obstacle on the way to establishing a correct governmental system where welfare could be perceived as a necessary asset and not a begged competitive advantage available to women. The policy established to support the welfare initiative was one of the most successful stages in US history that allowed for multiple further improvements and helped many women to combine parenting and waged work in the most appropriate manner. Conclusion The fact that parental responsibilities remain a private asset and not a social liability makes it easier to conclude that the current extent of the influence of welfare is not broad enough to include poor mothers in the discussion. In addition to this, men still tend to earn higher incomes on average, which makes it harder for women to compete for an identical state of affairs. The division of labor based on gender does not seem to affect today’s world as much as in the times of Skocpol and Hirschmann, but it should be claimed that caregiving tasks cannot be accurately aligned against welfare and vice versa. In other words, parenting responsibilities should not serve as a marginal concept that may only be manipulated to help women earn money while not working at all. Families with a single earner are seriously disadvantaged due to the lack of opportunities related to finding a high-paying job that would take parenting into consideration. Therefore, the pioneering works written by Skocpol and Hirschmann unlocked the potential of welfare and came up with a response to the pressing needs established by the community. Works Cited Hirschmann, Nancy. The Subject of Liberty . Princeton University Press, 2003. Skocpol, Theda. Protecting Soldiers and Mothers . Harvard University Press, 1995.
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For this reason, the disciplines and sub-disciplines present in the field are multiple (and will likely multiply even more in the future), diverse, deal with the variety of topics on the variety of levels, interconnect with many other fields, such as physiology, evolutionary biology, sociology, philosophy, and linguistics, and are often considered more an art than solid science. As soon as the attempts were made to explain the processes behind human behavior, it quickly became apparent that the studies can not be narrowed down to a single field. First, the psychological processes were positively linked to the physiological function of the brain, leading to the involvement of neuroscience (Hunt, 2007). Almost immediately some of the processes were tied to the evolutionary development of human beings, adding evolutionary psychology to the list. The Chomsky’s cognitive linguistics theory was obviously based on psychological processes, making the emergence of cognitive psychology an inevitability (Forgas, Haselton, & Hippel, 2011). On the other side of the spectrum, the psychological therapy techniques, used previously to treat mental conditions, were gradually applied to healthy individuals to increase the quality of life, leading to the creation of positive psychology. Some of the limitations of previous studies also resulted in diversification, such as Freud’s psychoanalytic theory prompting the emergence of humanistic psychology. Besides the complexity of the subject, the lack of systematization and solidified scientific approach is the reason behind the factional nature of psychology: as a relatively young field, it is still establishing its norms and standards (Sutton & Douglas, 2013). For the same reason, psychology often resorts to a philosophical approach, which makes it look like art rather than science (Simon, 2009). The impossibility of obtaining hard evidence also contributes to the matter, putting psychology on a margin between a defined discipline and artistic process. The trend is not likely to change, with several fields, such as behavioral genetics and motivation, exhibiting the benefits of being studied from the psychological perspective, while others, such as positive psychology, facing gradually stronger popularity (Joseph, 2015). Thus, while we can expect psychology to attain more features of traditional science, its diversity and multidisciplinary nature are not likely to be gone in the nearest future. The article Quality of the Execution of Corporate Safety Policies and Employee Safety Outcomes studies the effect of implementing the safety policies by the company’s management. More importantly, the study considers the employees’ perception of policy implementation. The authors chose thirteen shipping companies as their focus group and concluded that the safety policies played a critical role in the reduction of the incidents as well as the employees’ satisfaction with the workplace conditions (Huang, Chen, Krauss, & Rogers, 2004). While on the surface the findings are obvious and do not deviate from the intuitive assumption, two points of interest should be considered. First, while the correlation between the over-investment and employee commitment is hardly a surprise (Tsui, Pearce, Porter, & Tripoli, 1997), the recognition of safety policies as care for the workforce is not immediately obvious, so the positive outcome in this regard is somewhat unexpected. Second, the study serves as a proof of the organizational-level variances as clearly dominant over individual considerations of safety. While my initial assumption was that in a hazardous environment such as a shipping company the employees will gravitate toward stronger personal responsibility, the study suggests that unless the policies are implemented, no such recognition will take place. A friend of mine showed similar alarming behavior when recounted his experience of ignoring the respiratory protective equipment while working with hazardous chemicals. This suggests that addressing individual differences, such as danger perception, clearly are more important in workplace incidents reduction, as they are less predictable and systemic. References Forgas, J.P., Haselton, M.G., & Hippel, W. (2011). Evolution and the social mind: evolutionary psychology and social cognition . New York, NY: Psychology Press. Huang, Y. H., Chen, P. Y., Krauss, A. D., & Rogers, D. A. (2004). Quality of the execution of corporate safety policies and employee safety outcomes: Assessing the moderating role of supervisor safety support and the mediating role of employee safety control. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18 (4), 483-506. Hunt, M. (2007). The story of psychology . New York, NY: Anchor Books. Joseph, S. (2015). Positive psychology in practice: promoting human flourishing in work, health, education, and everyday life . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Simon, G. (2009). Psychology: art or science? Web. Sutton, R., & Douglas, K. (2013). Social psychology . London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Tsui, A. S., Pearce, J. L., Porter, L. W., & Tripoli, A. M. (1997). Alternative approaches to the employee-organization relationship: does investment in employees pay off?. Academy of Management Journal, 40 (5), 1089-1121.
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Human Development. Role of Agriculture. Importance of Technology and Foreign Aid in Mozambique Analytical Essay Mozambique is a poor country even though its economy develops during the last several decades, which influences the poverty rates and gender equality. Recently females became widely occupied in politics, education and health. Still, the discrepancy between different parts of the country shows that their position regarding employment, agriculture and income varies. Emphasizing macroeconomic stability and growth, the government claimed that by enhancing the state of physical infrastructure and social sectors a step forward can be made. Many households continue to be involved in agriculture, and informal economy helps them to gain enough income. Generally, Mozambique has gone through “changing paradigms of socialism, neo-liberalism and current liberal economic policies with an emphasis on social development” (Tvedten 2011, p. 24). It has positively influenced human development: the index is 0.393, which is still extremely low, but the progress cannot be denied, as it was only 0.246 in 1980 ( Human development report 2014). The achievements of Mozambique are tightly connected with agriculture, as about 80% of its population are engaged in this field and belong to rural households. Smallholder farmers produce many cash crops such as potatoes, tobacco, tea and paprika, which allows them to increase their income and pay their laborers. It provides 80% of the population with relatively cheap products and contributes to export. The sector is grooving for about 6% per year and reduces poverty in rural areas providing people with food, work and money (Mucavele, n.d.). To make the improvement stable, agricultural technologies are used, including fertilizer and small-scale irrigation, etc. Unfortunately, only 3% more farmers referred to them during this time, so the government implemented technical support services and training under the New Green Revolution Strategy. They are low-cost but effective, which allows people to gain profit ( Investing in rural people in Mozambique 2014). The access to wage labor, which enhances the state of agriculture and the whole country, depends on the people’s education. Utilizing it, they can manage the household efficiently and increase their earnings. That is why this sphere gains investments that allow new schools to be built in villages (Tschirley & Benfica 2000). Coping with rural poverty, Mozambique enhances the access not only to education but also to health care. People can effort better services, know more about the diseases and the ways of their prevention and treatment, they get better food and clean water, which drops maternal mortality from 1000 death to 500 and children mortality from 245 to 138 (Tvedten 2011). The rapid development of the agriculture is connected with foreign investments and earnings, as they contribute to macroeconomic stability. In this way, agriculture and fisheries got 31% of all investments by 2011, which is the highest rate. Community Investor Partnership Project was implemented to promote the development in rural areas ( Investing in rural people in Mozambique 2014). Investments streamline the transformation of the economy and reduce the poverty rates. Thus, high-wage rural households put their earnings in agriculture. Investments in education and training also contribute to this area, as they are meant for teaching people how to manage workers and minimalize the output. Thus, the poverty rates in the rural areas are reducing due to the changes in the economy that are targeted at agriculture and entail different spheres. With the help of new programs and investments, people gain the opportunity to enhance their knowledge and use specific technologies. In this way, they have better employment opportunities that allow them to have better income and effort social services of good quality. Agricultural production and productivity increases and changes the lives of people for better. Reference List Human development report , 2014. Web. Investing in rural people in Mozambique 2014. Web. Mucavele, F., True contribution of agriculture to economic growth and poverty reduction : Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia synthesis report . Web. Tschirley, D. & Benfica, R. 2000, Smallholder agriculture, wage labour, and rural poverty alleviation in Mozambique: what does the evidence tell us? Web. Tvedten, I. 2011, Mozambique country case study: gender equality and development . Web.
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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Essay (Literature Review) Acute respiratory distress syndrome The authors review and summarize eight articles on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) to compare their clinical relevance. The variability and incidence of ARDS were perceived to differ across clinical settings across the world. These variances are mainly attributed to factors such as alterations in diagnosis, risk factors, the bias in clinical trials, and the inability to properly recognize the condition. The authors’ analysis further showed that efforts to prevent the condition were futile, with medicines such as aspirins and statins failing to assist in randomized trials. On issues of treatment, glucocorticoids were identified as a viable model in the management of ARDS. Therefore, Confalonieri, Salton, and Fabiano (2017) note the inadequacies involving the clinical practice of the condition. The authors are affiliated with the pulmonary department of the University Hospital of Cattinara, hence, are knowledgeable about issues affecting the respiratory system. They present a variety of information from several sources, comparing the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of ARDS. This article provides the basis for arguments that call for increased efforts to enable better diagnosis and recognition of the condition in patients. The role of red blood cells and cell-free hemoglobin in the pathogenesis of ARDS Janz and Ware (2015) analyze the pathophysiology of ARDS with the underlying complications such as lung inflammation and pulmonary edema that increase morbidity and mortality in patients. Red blood cell (RBC) membranes become damaged due to sepsis in patients leading to lower transmission of oxygen to organs which causes their failure. Additionally, a study found that cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) played a critical role in ARDS in human beings. It showed that patients had higher levels of CFH, which led to instances of higher pulmonary artery pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance (Janz & Ware, 2015). The use of haptoglobin as a treatment regimen improved renal function in patients with ARDS, while acetaminophen can reduce oxidative injury. Cell-free hemoglobin in RBC, thus, shows signs of being a pathologic mediator of ARDS in human beings. Both authors work in departments of medicine and have the requisite expertise in matters concerning ARDS. Consequently, this article widens the perspective on the causes and effects of the condition to enable the development of appropriate therapies to directly target the affected regions of the chest cavity. Formal guidelines: Management of acute respiratory distress syndrome The authors note that the study conducted by LUNG SAFE showed the lack of recognition of ARDS in patients by approximately 40% of cases diagnosed by clinicians. Existing guidelines at the time were more than 20 years old, thus required an update due to evolving technology and knowledge in the field. The methodology used by the authors included the use of an expert working group specifically selected to research the guidelines (Papazian et al., 2019). Their reviews included a rating guided by a Grade of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) procedure. Consequently, procedures showing a high level of proof were graded higher and strongly recommended for use while lower ones received lower ratings. The authors work in the various medical field ranging from emergency departments to intensive care units hence have witnessed first-hand cases of patients. The guidelines provided in this article enable better management of ARDS by primary care clinicians to avoid critical cases based on wrong diagnosis and treatment procedures. Analysis The article by Papazian et al. (2019) offers the most informative data due to its extensive coverage of the various recommendations and guidelines for managing ARDS in patients. The article provides the rating of each recommendation based on the analysis completed by a group of experts, thus, can help clinicians offer assistance through evidence-based practices that increase survivability. In cases where data is insufficient to give any professional opinions, the authors explicitly state the facts available and fail to make any recommendation. This shows their concentration on evaluating data based on its impact on the patients and the medical field. Therefore, the article is based on objective data not only to inform the masses but also to enhance service delivery for patients in health institutions. The article mainly targets individuals in the medical field, including clinicians and physicians, that directly deal with ARDS patients. Being informative in nature, it adds value by imparting knowledge previously unavailable in the field. Furthermore, the length of the article also shows its attention to detail, with each guideline specifically discussed, culminating with a recommendation on its usage in the treatment and management of ARDS. The rationale for the selection requires complete agreement by a majority of the experts used in the study for a recommendation to achieve a high score. As a result, the GRADE methodology used implies the extensive use of scientific analysis to come up with the conclusions by the reviewing of secondary data previously used and available on ARDS. Additionally, the massive pool of authors highlights the vast knowledge base used to compile and review the information used in the article. Being experts in their fields, the analysis used provides viable, evidence-based information. Therefore, the article can be identified as a reliable source of medical data on ARDS that can be relied upon due to its accuracy. References Confalonieri, M., Salton, F., & Fabiano, F. (2017). Acute respiratory distress syndrome. European Respiratory Review, 26 (144), 160116. Web. Janz, D. R., & Ware, L. B. (2015). The role of red blood cells and cell-free hemoglobin in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Journal of Intensive Care, 3 , 20. Web. Papazian, L., Aubron, C., Brochard, L., Chiche, J.‑D., Combes, A., Dreyfuss, D.,… Faure, H. (2019). Formal guidelines: Management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Annals of Intensive Care, 9 (1), 69. Web.
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Professional Statement on Interviewing Essay Interviewing is a fundamental skill in the human services field, as interviews are the primary source of information. There are two general types of interviews: unstructured and structured interviews. While the purpose of both structured and unstructured interviews is to develop diagnoses based on DSM-V, two types of interviews use different approaches to communication with the client (Jones, 2010). In unstructured interviews, clients answer the questions in an open manner, while the counselor writes down the important information to develop diagnoses (Jones, 2010). This type of interview is called unstructured because there is no standardized way of writing down the responses, and the counselor is entirely responsible for selecting the appropriate questions and interpreting the answers (Jones, 2010). While this type of interview is the most frequent approach to the intake process, it is associated with significant disadvantages. In particular, the accuracy of such interviews depends upon the experience of the counselors and their ability to recognize the symptoms according to DSM-V (Jones, 2010). Therefore, the results of unstructured interviews may be inconsistent. In structured interviews, the clients are provided with possible answers to questions, which helps to quantify the information received from the clients (Aboraya, 2009). Thus, the flexibility of structured interviews is limited, which may be a barrier for assessing clients with multiple co-morbidities (Aboraya, 2009). Moreover, structured interviews often interfere in building rapport with clients, which is crucial in human services (Aboraya, 2009). Therefore, more than two-thirds of counselors report they do not use the structured interview in their practice (Aboraya, 2009). However, I believe that structured interviews should be considered as intake methods in some cases as an alternative to unstructured interviews. I believe that counselors should use unstructured as the primary intake instrument in the majority of cases. There are several cases where structured interviews may be most convenient. In particular, structured interviews are crucial as research methods. They help to quantify the data and utilize it in statistical analysis to make inferences about the population based on a random sample. Research requires that the data collection process is free from human biases, which is crucial for controlling the reliability of findings. Apart from research, structured interviews should be used by inexperienced counselors to guide the intake process. Such a practice will help the counselor to reduce the amount of stress and gain knowledge without affecting the results of the assessment. Finally, I believe that structured interviews can be used in overly complicated cases to double-check the results acquired from the unstructured interviews. In short, I believe that both types of interviews have their uses; however, it is best to use unstructured interviews as they help to build positive relationships with clients. Evaluation of the Statement The professional statement on interviewing provides a coherent framework for the selection of the intake method. It is short and coherent, which increases its usability for all human service providers. Its primary advantage is that it clearly identifies the purpose of the interviewing process and outlines the advantages and disadvantages of every approach. However, there are certain limitations to the professional statement. First, it is based upon my limited experience, and outdated sources reviewed to assess the issue. Second, while the purpose is clear, it lacks the information about how the results of interviews can be used in performing the duties of human service providers. Finally, the statement lacks specific examples demonstrating how unstructured interviews compare to structured interviews. References Aboraya, A. (2009). Use of structured interviews by psychiatrists in real clinical settings: Results of an open-question survey. Psychiatry (Edgmont) , 6 (6), 24. Jones, K. (2010). The unstructured clinical interview. Journal of Counseling & Development , 88 (2), 220-226. Name: This is where you place your name. Artifact: Logic Model The present artifact is a logic model developed for a program that aims at addressing the problem of food insecurity among homeless people in Miami. The goals of the program were to ensure nutrition stability, provide a sufficient amount of personal hygiene items, allow on-demand access to showering facilities, and assure that all the homeless have appropriate clothing for the season. The logic model helps to conceptualize and visualize the program’s theory. According to Savaya and Waysman (2005), a graphical representation of the theory is vital for successful program execution and evaluation, as it improves the ability of all stakeholders to understand its essence. The logic model serves as a roadmap for all stakeholders that helps to grasp the essentials of the program in a concise form. The logic model helps to look beyond the activities that lead to short-term outcomes. The model provides the stakeholders with the opportunity to realize how inputs contribute to the achievement of long-term goals. When preparing the logic model, I learned to break down an idea of service into small constituencies to evaluate all parts of the project. The development of the artifact helped me become more aware of the needs of special populations. I also realized how human service professionals could make a change with scarce resources and commitment. This understanding contributed to my overall idea of the inclusion of diverse populations. References Savaya, R., & Waysman, M. (2005). The logic model. Administration in Social Work, 29 (2), 85–103.
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Patient-Driven Adaptive Prediction Techniques Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main Text 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Introduction The use of patient-driven adaptive technologies can not only directly influence the quality of patient care but also minimize risks for patients, promote their health outcomes, and encourage their engagement in care. The reason is that these technologies provide decision-makers with a lot of systemized data regarding different treatment strategies, disease management results, patient outcomes, limitations, and other important factors. Main Text As a result, if a decision is made referring to the data retrieved with reference to patient-driven adaptive technologies, it is possible to minimize a variety of negative consequences for patients (Jiang, Boxwala, El-Kareh, Kim, & Ohno-Machado, 2012). Thus, these technologies can be viewed as user-friendly, and they help healthcare providers to cope with complex decisions. Additionally, these patient-driven adaptive technologies can be applied in order to promote patients’ health because the majority of decisions made when using these techniques and tools are patient-oriented and highly effective. The expected outcome is the choice of and the focus on the most relevant diagnosis, the selection of the most efficient treatment strategy, and the improvement of a regimen among other examples. However, the determination of an individual risk in relation to these technologies was not the aim of research during many years, and Jiang et al. (2012) concentrated on examining this aspect in their study. Conclusion Furthermore, one of their conclusions is associated with determining a positive role of patient-driven adaptive technologies in encouraging patient engagement in their care. It is possible to expect such engagement because the use of discussed models significantly contributes to the customization of care (Jiang et al., 2012). As a result, the application of these tools potentially has a positive impact on patients and their health. Reference Jiang, X., Boxwala, A. A., El-Kareh, R., Kim, J., & Ohno-Machado, L. (2012). A patient-driven adaptive prediction technique to improve personalized risk estimation for clinical decision support. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association , 19 (e1), e137-e144.
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From an economic perspective, human capital is associated with the ability of a state or an organization to improve performance outcomes significantly. It is important to differentiate human capital from monetary capital, which does not grow for a long period. In fact, even its short-term growth trends are not always linear. Over the years, there has been a debate about whether students participating in college sports activities should be paid. This paper seeks to develop an argument to support the idea of rewarding college athletes with money on a regular basis. Ross Eisenbrey states that the utilization of the unpaid labor of students on internships has been on the increase over the past ten years. He contends that if an individual works for any firm or person for financial gains, then he or she should be paid for his or her services. This is irrespective of whether individuals are students or graduates. Colbert claims that students who participate in athletic competitions on behalf of their colleges should be paid. Based on the human capital model, the scope of athletics in colleges represents a positive contribution to human development and well-being. The model has six domains that should be considered before one can decide whether college athletes should be paid. These are physical capital, emotional capital, individual capital, social capital, intellectual capital, and financial capital. For the purpose of the argument in this paper, financial capital is given a priority. It refers to gains with regard to earning power, productivity, and work attainment. Some athletes come from low-income families. Thus, they can hardly sustain themselves. When they engage in college sports events, they cannot find time to look for jobs that would provide them with a regular source of income. It is evident that a significant amount of the funds generated from athletics is used to support other games, such as basketball and football. However, if students participating in athletics would be paid by institutions of learning, then they would focus on studying and developing their careers in sports. In an era where the internet is playing a great role in broadcasting athletics events at colleges, it is no doubt that the institutions of learning are making huge profits, some of which can be used to reward the participating students financially. Some college students qualify for scholarship grants that cater for expenses, such as travel and food. However, it is important to note that not all expenses are covered by the grants, implying that student athletes would hardly meet the demand of catering for their needs because most of their time is spent in sports exercises and practices. It is notable that some team members engage in abuses, such as illegally taking cash from boosters. This can be avoided by remunerating them. Athletes may sustain injuries that might negatively impact them in the long-term. Although colleges might cater for their medical bills in the short-term, they might not cater for their health care for a long period. If student athletes would be paid, then they would cater for the long-term expenses in relation to treating injuries. That notwithstanding, paying the students would lead to high levels of inequality in colleges due to the fact that some would feel that their efforts in other activities are not being appreciated. In addition, paying athletes in colleges is not supported by the law. Thus, a move to pay them could be challenged in a court of law, which could lead to huge financial implications.
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The field of the criminal justice system borrows knowledge from other disciplines to understand factors driving persons to commit a crime and how to handle crime problems. The system consists of government agencies responsible for enforcing the law, adjudicating crime, and correcting criminal conduct (Siegel 382). The criminal justice system serves and acts as a tool for social control. Society controls other forms of informal social order, such as parental and school discipline. However, these can only handle moral misbehavior, not legal cases. In this regard, the criminal justice system possesses the power to control crime and punish those who violate the law. The role of the police Siegel presents the role of the police in law enforcement. The police officials are in charge of peacekeeping, thwarting potential criminals and arresting lawbreakers. The modern police role consists of preventing delinquencies and controlling juvenile offenders from the criminal justice system to resolving family conflicts. Police may use force to accomplish their tasks. However, studies show that nine out of ten people who came into contact with the police felt that the police acted properly. The concepts of community policing (COP) and problem-oriented policing are the new ways of law enforcement methods the police use in improving police-community relations. The approaches are proactive rather than reactive and try to prevent crime before they occur. Though, there is no clear-cut evidence of their success both parties praise them as effective models (Siegel 386). The court system The chapter attempts to familiarize the readers with the structure and function of the criminal court system. Siegel presents the court system as a complex social agency with independent but interrelated subsystems. This is where the vital part of criminal decision-making occurs. The process relies upon a precise rule of law in delivering justice. The prosecutor has the discretion to ensure that the case must have convertibility i.e. must stand a better chance of resulting in conviction. The court system creates the adversary system whereby the prosecutor and defense attorney are opponents (Siegel 386). The correctional system The chapter covers essential elements and institutions of the correctional system. The system monitors post-adjudicatory roles put on convicts. Correctional system care given to the convict ranges from monitoring in the community to solitary confinement in maximum-security jails. This depends on the seriousness of the offense and the individual needs of the convict. The elements under the correctional system include probation whereby an offender remains in the community under supervision and court conditions. Offenders with serious crimes remain in prisons or penitentiaries in serving their terms. Occasionally, some inmates may find their way back to the community before the expiry of their jail term via parole (Siegel 390). Stages of the criminal justice system Siegel gives step-to-step processes of formal justice. These processes fall under initial investigations, trial, sentencing and appeal. There are fifteen stages, each of which is a decision point with its effects on the process, defendant, and society. These stages include initial contact, investigation, arrest and custody as the felony or police process. The court process consists of charging, hearing and arraignment, bail or detention, plea negotiation, trial or adjudication, and sentencing. Finally, the correctional process entails correction, release decisions and post-release (Siegel 394). The system as a “funnel” The criminal justice system works like an assembly line. Some experts argue that due to hasty manner of presenting justice, an innocent person may suffer and a dangerous person be released back into society. The system acts as a “funnel”. Most people who commit crimes escape detection. People who do not escape only a small number will face trial, conviction, and sentence. Discretion Discretion plays a crucial role in the system, in every stage whereby the responsible officer decides whether to proceed with the case or abandon it. Discretion can change the status of an individual going through the process from an accused, defendant, convict, inmate to ex-con. Occasionally, the system works together to grant discretions (Siegel 398). The procedural laws The state and federal courts closely monitor the criminal justice system through the law of criminal procedures. These procedures set out and guarantee the accused certain rights and privileges. Agencies of control must operate within the procedural laws. Procedural laws come from several sources, but most notable is the Bill of Rights ratified in 1791. The Bill of Rights protects citizens from unwarranted arrests, self-incrimination, and cruel punishments among others (Siegel 400). Perspectives on the criminal justice system There are various perspectives on justice and interpretations that vary in many ways. Influences come from different quarters such as workers in the system, and scholars in the field of criminology. Crime control perspective attempts to deter people from committing a crime and incapacitating serious offenders. The due process perspective views the justice process as a legal process that must come to a logical end. The rehabilitation perspective views the criminal justice system as agency of restoration and treatment. The equal justice perspective strives to make the system equitable to all. The nonintervention model concentrates on issues of stigma and helping defendants keep away from criminal activities. Finally, the restorative perspective strives to find peace and humanitarian solutions to crime (Siegel 401). The author also presents issues of concerns such as race, culture, gender and crime. He explores whether there exist any relations between race and criminal sentencing. There is no clear-cut evidence to substantiate this issue. Siegel also looks at the problems of reentry such as family and work-related, physical and mental problems, effects on the community and finally, reentry and crime. The chapter provides definitions and illustrations of jargon and terms in the criminal justice system. Works Cited Siegel, Larry J. Criminology: The Core, 4th Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.
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The proceeds are earned in return of providing goods and services to the consumers who in return have to pay for these goods and services. An organization’s success is determined by how it relates with the general public. It is in this regard that organizations draft rules that are meant to limit their actions towards their customers and among themselves. McDonald’s is among the most reputable food joints in the world. The company started from a very humble beginning but as for now it has many branches in various countries which make it a multinational organization (Funding Universe, n.d). This paper focuses on the various challenges that this organization has been experiencing and the measure that it has taken. Every business has its own challenges no matter how hard the management tries to eliminate setbacks. McDonald’s has managed to overcome the problem of running overseas branches but then that gap is filled by the perception of critics who argue that the organization fosters the consumption of junk food among children which is alleged to cause heart disease. According to Thilmany (2007) this statement can be very demoralizing to the administration of this organization. Utilitarian would argue that that eating foods from the company can cause obesity and heart problems, thus not a good option for the majority. But deontological consideration in this concept would suggest that following the right procedure in preparing the food justifies its consumption. In essence, the motive is not bad as asserted by deontological consideration, but the consequences are considered inappropriate. This implies that the critics don’t recognize the positive things that have been accomplished by this organization. To be sincere, McDonald’s has been promoting the education of children from poor backgrounds. McDonald’s has been trying to create a balance between its employees and the customers and the neighbors as well. Children are prohibited from joining the workforce of McDonald’s. In response to the recent criticism McDonald’s food joint has introduced vegetables which are taken as a compliment to the said junk food. Any investor must commence from a humble beginning as opposed to what many people think. Paluszek (2005) explains that the statements could be coming from the rivals of this enterprise. Rivals can insight customers in order to gain more customers. We all know that when we walk into a fast food joint nobody is forced to take what they consume. Furthermore, it is not all obese children who owe their weight to fast food joints. This is because there are some people who are genetically overweight. In response to the above mentioned allegations, McDonald’s encourages its customers to exercise regularly and also compliments its food with lots of vegetables. If one looks at this issue from another perspective its certain that McDonald’s is going an extra mile unlike the other food joints because restaurants are not under any obligation to advice their customers on what to consume. Their major role is to ensure that the food that is served in their restaurants is healthy and free from contamination. This aspects is directly related to deontological approach to ethics, which requires people to act according to rules. They do this by evaluating their suppliers to ensure they exercise cleanliness in food handling. According to Saether and Aguilera (2008), such a minor issue can lead to the crush of an enterprise that has taken so many years to nurture. It is worth noting that it takes a longer duration to attract customers but it only takes a few days to lose them. Building confidence and trust among customers is not an easy task hence the confidence has to be safeguarded. This means that for this organization to deal with such a corporate problem it should involve the consumers directly in order to clear the underlying issues. McDonald’s has done this by establishing complaint’s office that are used to get feedback from customers. The response from customers is important because it’s used to identify the specific areas that require amendments. All in all achieving uniform customer satisfaction is not easy. References Funding Universe. (n.d). McDonald’s Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/mcdonald-s-corporation-history/ Paluszek, K. (2005, April 6-7). Ethics and Brand Value: Strategic Differentiation. Business and Organizational Ethics Partnership Meeting . Markkula Center for Applied Ethics: Santa Clara University. Thilmany, J. (2007). Supporting Ethical Employees. HR Magazine. 52 (2). Saether, T. & Aguilera, R. (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility in a Comparative Perspective”. The Oxford handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Utilitarianism as an Ethical Principle Essay Utilitarianism is the ethical principle that the decent merit of an exploit is only resolute by its payment to large efficacy. It is thus a type of consequentialism, denoting that the ethical worth of an exploit is classified by its result — the ends validate the means. Utility — the good to be exploited — has been defined by different philosophers as happiness or enjoyment (against pain or soreness), although favorite utilitarians like Peter Singer describe it as the approval of favorites. It can be classified by the expression “the maximum good for the maximum number”, though the maximum number’ part increases the challenging mere adding inconsistency. Utilitarianism can thus be featured as a quantitative and reductionist advance to ethics. Utilitarianism can be compared with deontological principles (which concentrate on the action itself rather than its results) and asset ethics (which concentrates on nature), as well as with other diversities of consequentialism. Supporters of these opposite points of view have lengthily condemned the practical observation, though utilitarians have been equally significant of other drills of ethical thought. In universal use, the term practical often submits to a rather slender financial or practical point of view. Though, theoretical utilitarianism is much broader than, for instance, some advances to utilitarianism consider non-human creatures additionally to the public. The grounds of Utilitarianism are often outlined back as far as the Greek thinker Epicurus, but as a precise school of consideration, it is normally recognized by Jeremy Bentham. Bentham regarded pain and pleasure to be the only inherent charges in the world: “nature has positioned mankind under the domination of two independent components, pain and pleasure.” From this, he obtained the regulation of usefulness, that the good is anything that brings the maximum happiness to the maximum number of people. Afterward, after comprehending that the formulation distinguished two dissimilar and potentially contradictory averages, he dropped the subsequent part and discussed simply “the greatest contentment attitude.” Mill stated that he “did not discover the word, but established it in one of Galt’s novels, the ‘Annals of the Parish,’ in which the Scottish clergyman, of whom the book is a theoretical memoir, is symbolized as warning his parishioners not to leave the Gospel and turn into utilitarians. With a boy’s affection for a name and a banner I seized upon the word…” Mill afterward named his humanity of like-minded philosophers the “Utilitarian Society”. Act utilitarianism asserts that, when faced with an option, we are required first to believe the likely effects of possible exploits, and from that, decide to do what we consider will produce the most pleasure. A rule practical, on the other hand, starts by looking at possible rules of exploit. To establish whether a rule should be pursued, he looks at what would occur if it were continuously pursued. If obedience to the rule creates more contentment than otherwise, it is a statute that ethically must be pursued at all times. The difference between act and rule utilitarianism is consequently grounded on a dissimilarity about the good object of consequentialist computation: specific to a container or simplified to rules. This advance is an appealing mixture of the act and rule utilitarianism first expanded by Robert Adams who tries to deal sensibly with how human beings in reality act expressively. People are indeed fervent, touching creatures; we do much better with optimistic aims rather than with unhelpful exclusions, and so on. Reason utilitarianism offers that our original moral task is to instill motives within ourselves that will be normally constructive across the spectrum of the circumstances we are likely to run into. Instances of motivation utilitarianism, in reality, might be a homosexual person “coming out of the clandestine” and/ or an official openly contravention with a war. In both cases, there is probably to be an original pour of power and assurance, as well as a halfway epoch in which one is behind old friends before making new friends. There are few confident replies and few if any golden paths, but utilitarianism has at least as good a chance of dealing realistically and constructively with the vagaries of life as optional theories do. To conquer apparent inadequacies of both systems, frequent efforts have been applied to unite utilitarianism with Kant’s essential. For example, James Cornman offers that in any situation people should treat as “means” as few people as possible, and treat as “ends” as many people as are thus then reliable with those “means”. He submits to this as the “Utilitarian Kantian Principle”. Other consequentialists may regard as contentment a significant outcome, but in addition argue that outcomes such as justice or parity should also be charged, not considering if they amplify contentment or not. References Bailey, James Wood. Utilitarianism, Institutions, and Justice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Crimmins, James E. Secular Utilitarianism: Social Science and the Critique of Religion in the Thought of Jeremy Bentham. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990. Rosen, Frederick. Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill. London: Routledge, 2003.
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Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Physical assessment of a child differs from that of an adult in various ways. Arguably the most crucial difference is that children are often distrustful of medical professionals and scared of physical examinations, and thus adjustments have to be made to make the exam more comfortable. For example, care providers are encouraged to stay on the child’s level as much as possible and to structure the exam by the level of discomfort, from least to most distressing (University of Utah, n.d.). Main body Hence, the painful area should be examined last regardless of the standard order. Additionally, care providers should be truthful in warning children about any discomfort that they might experience, explain it, and use distractions instead of lying (University of Utah, n.d.). Lastly, young children should be observed firstly before the exam as their position, posture, and behavior might reveal more than they or their caregivers could in a conversation. To offer instruction during the assessment, the nurse should remain at the child’s eye level and speak in a calm, soft voice. Children who have severe anxiety should be calmed down through a conversation or distracted by books or toys to make the assessment more comfortable for them. In offering explanations, the nurse should tailor the language to the patient’s developmental level and avoid using medical terminology or complicated wording. Simple, plain language would be more useful when speaking to young children, and information should be explained to them with limited details so as to avoid confusion. Adolescents, however, might require more information and have more questions about their condition. Conclusion To encourage engagement during a physical assessment, the nurse should explain each step of the evaluation and support the conversation. This can be done by asking the child health-related questions or, if in need of a distraction, about their interests, toys, or hobbies. These communication and engagement strategies can help nurses to ensure that the exam goes smoothly and that the child is comfortable and cooperative. References University of Utah. (n.d.) Pediatric history & physical exam . Web.
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History of Crafting Islam Essay First of all, it should be pointed out that Islam was founded by Muhammad. One is to keep in mind that Muhammad is considered to be a messenger, whom Allah provided with his last revelations. The final prophet stated that Allah established high ethical standards, which people are to follow. These standards involve generosity, just, truth and purity . Those, who refuse to live according to the principles, will be punished by the one true God. One of the messenger’s key aims was to rectify mistakes other prophets made while introducing their religious teachings. Muhammad’s major aim is to encompass all people and show them the ways, which lead to Paradise. Treating parents with respect, seeking knowledge, cleanliness, treating women with distinction, self-control, the richness of the soul, modesty and faith, compassion are some of the key values Muhammad highlighted. Generally, the religious roots Muhammad used to craft Islam involve teachings of other religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrianism; although the key of the teaching is that the one true God is Allah. Koran is considered to be the God’s last revelation to people. The final prophet faced resistance when he started to preach Allah’s final revelations to the representatives of the Quraish tribe, “but in 622 CE the city of Yathrib (270 miles north of Mecca), invited Muhammad to take power as its governor, to preach to its people, and to mediate disputes between rival tribes” (“In the Wake of Rome: the Islamic, Byzantine, and Carolingian Empires,” n. d.). Muhammad stated that the God’s will was to convert Arab tribes to the new faith. A base for military expansion was also given to the final prophet. Thus, Muhammad obtained religious and political success using “a combination of intimidation, politics, and charismatic preaching to convert other Arab tribes” (“In the Wake of Rome: the Islamic, Byzantine, and Carolingian Empires,” n. d.). To convert non-Arabs to Islam, the power of the Koran and the oral traditions established by the final prophet were used. Non-Arabs were deeply impressed how the God’s last messenger solved numerous governmental contradictions and law problems. A political alliance with other communities allowed to convert non-Arabs to the new faith (Tahir-ul-Qadri, 2001). When Allah’s final prophet died, he left no instructions how to rule the Islamic Empire. However, within a century, his followers established a powerful empire. Abu-Bakar who was a well-known Meccan businessman and one of Muhammad’s followers expanded Islamic power. He started war against those Arab tribes, which did not want to accept him as a ruler. A dynasty of Caliphs was established. Christians and Jews got an opportunity to live according to their own faith; although they had to accept Islam as a dominant faith and were obliged to pay taxes. Faith, spiritual perfection and practice are considered to be the most important variables Islam is based on. The three key things are associated with peace and mercy. Finally, it should be noted that Muhammad’s teaching must not be regarded as a religion. The most appropriate word, which can be used to explain the connotative meaning of Islam, is Deen ; despite the fact that Deen is translated as a religion , the semantic meaning of the Arabic word differs from the meanings English dictionaries contain. One can probably conclude that Islam is not a religion; it is a mode of life. References In the Wake of Rome: the Islamic, Byzantine, and Carolingian Empires. (n. d.). Bloomu.edu. Retrieved from http://facstaff.bloomu.edu/mhickey/to%201650%20lecture%208.htm Tahir-ul-Qadri, M. (2001). Islam and Politics. Mediamonitors.net. Retrieved from https://www.mediamonitors.net/islam-and-politics/
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American’s Ambivalence of National Government in the Turbulence Times of History Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Article of Confederation 3. The Constitutional Convention 4. Jacksonian America 5. Works Cited Introduction There were moments in American history that became critically important in the road to the national government and new constitutional dispensation that would guide it. It is noted that The Revolution was not just the Declaration of Independence, neither was it the War of Independence as some may argue but a continuous process that continued after these events. Some people like Wilson (10) argue that real revolution was “the radical change in principles, opinions, and sentiments, and affections of the people.” The periods involved the reign of the Articles of Confederation, followed by the Constitutional Convention, and then into the turbulent politics of Jacksonian America and the 1840s and 1850s. During these times, the general sentiment was that political power could not rest on tradition but only on consent. There was serious doubt as far as the national government was concerned. This paper seeks to elaborate on why ambivalence became a common feature among many American people during those times of political troubles. The Article of Confederation Immediately after declaring their independence, the thirteen former British colonies formed what would be termed as a loose alliance under the Article of Confederation. However, this alliance did little to support the colonies in their war of Independence. The arrangement created turmoil, uncertainty, and fear among the people of America between the time of the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the signing of the Constitution (1787) (Wilson 11). It was a tough decision for General George Washington to wage war against the British with just minimal support of the thirteen states. However, when peace was finally restored, many parts of the nation were in a mess. The British rule was still rampant in North America, with their soldiers occupying Canada and a huge number of navy officers at the sea. This same time saw Spain claiming the Mississippi River Valley and went ahead and occupied Florida State as well. Soldiers who returned to their firms were heavily indebted and at the same time lacked the money to pay the debts. Moreover, the paper money had generally become worthless (Wilson 11). The national government became ineffective since they did not have the powers to collect taxes and regulate trade between states. In other words, the thirteen states had only a slight semblance of a national government with which to bring order and stability, and each state retained its sovereign powers. This did not give any chance for the national government to express its ability to bring order and the people of America developed skepticism throughout this period. However, many leaders like George Washington and Alexander Hamilton had seen the need for a stronger national government. With successive meetings, the need for a constitutional convention was agreed upon by the people. The Constitutional Convention The period experienced remarkable views since no national government existed. However, by 1778, eight states had set the pace by writing their constitutions, and within a few years, every state had adopted a similar constitution except the states of Rhode Island and Connecticut because they still relied on their old colonial charters that continued to guide them. The respective constitutions basically handed the authority to the elected representatives of the states. The Articled succeeded when it helped congress adopt the resolution calling for the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and the subsequent forwarding of the work of the convention to the states for their approval (Wiecek 237). However, within this period, the fear of excessively strong or weak national government had engulfed many people, after watching the case of the State of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts. The Pennsylvania Constitution that was adopted in 1976 handed all the powers to the unicameral legislature and there was no real executive to control issues, hence enforcing the belief that too strong a national government was dangerous to the people of America (Wiecek 239). The Massachusetts Constitution on the other created a less strong state government with a clear separation of powers. The Shays’ Rebellion had a strong impact on public opinion, considering the fact that it occurred between the aborted Annapolis convention and the Philadelphia convention (Vile 213). It literally led to mixed feelings among many Americans as to what type of government they should have, hence creating confusion. Jacksonian America Jacksonian America saw the emergence of an important period of Jackson’s democracy. Elected on the platform of the common man’s friend, Jackson faced numerous riots within his time of mass politics as he was seen as a strong supporter of slavery (Pessen 39). This is even though the election of Jackson was based on his perceived credentials as the election of the common man’s choice. Currently, everyone is familiar with the American written constitution, elected leaders as well as bill of rights. However, when they were being produced, many Americans were doubtful on whether they would succeed or not. The common argument was that such an arrangement would be either extremely strong that the liberty of the Americans would be threatened or so weak that they would lead to chaos. As seen in the Jacksonian era, the concentration of powers to him was seen as the problem behind the continuation of the slave trade that created political instability throughout the turbulent periods. Works Cited Pessen, Edward. Jacksonian America: Society, Personality, and Politics . Illinois. University of Illinois Press, 1985. Vile, John. The Constitutional Convention of 1787: a Comprehensive Encyclopedia of America’s Founding . New York. ABC-CLIO, 2005. Wiecek, William. A peculiar Conservatism and the Dorr Rebellion: The Constitutional Clash in Jacksonian America. The American Journal of Legal History , 1978, Vol.22, No. 3, pp. 237-253. Wilson, James. American Government . Washington D.C. Cengage Publsihers, 2008.
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Namely, Plutarch’s story about Theseus demonstrates the notion of the lack of defensive works in Crete. According to this text, Theseus invaded the island’s port and captured it quickly since its citizens mistook his navy for their own. This detail could remind the truth: Minoans were merchants and did not develop extensive safeguards. Moreover, Herodotos’ text depicts the extinction of Cretans, which corresponds to the archeological data, although they mention the eruption as the main factor for the demise of Minoans. British Institute at Ankara’s video about Helen of Troy is quite informative about the representation of women in ancient times. As such, Helen was perceived as the most magnificent and feminine person for many centuries in Athens as well as Sparta. Moreover, it is known that she became worshipped as a goddess in Laconia. Greeks often depicted Helen via the use of the most precious materials, which signified the importance of this character. This woman was traditionally perceived as a seducer and even the cause of sorrow in the Ancient Greek culture. Moreover, the image of Helen of Troy has surpassed time and is still used as a euphemism of beauty. Evelyn-White’s translation of Hesiod’s Theogony presents valuable knowledge about the Greek religion. Hesiod describes the gods as anthropomorphous beings who at the same time have natural power or represent parts of the universe themselves. For example, the Earth and the Heaven are consorts that produce other gods, which are often associated with emotions or natural phenomena. The story about Heaven (Uranus) being castrated by his rebellious child, Chronos, is especially remarkable. The war of generations and overthrowing the elder by the younger is also present in Mesopotamian, Scandinavian, and other mythologies. Hesiod’s poem clarifies the Greek conception of gods: the primordial being and their offspring having unlimited powers in the world, and yet creatures with human emotions and motives. Women by Semonides of Amorgos, published by Temperance, depicts male Greeks’ expectations for their women. The author enumerates the types of women created by Zeus and primarily serve as an eternal punishment for mankind. Semonides describes females that are not beautiful in a sarcastic manner, yet he condemns women who care about their appearance and hygiene. Moreover, he complains about females that care about their household too much, as well as about ones who keep it not in the best ways; irritation expressed by wives also disappoints him. A proper married woman, according to Semonides, should be like a bee: working with joy and caring for her family. Furthermore, she should be a competent householder and not participate in raves with her girlfriends. Sappho’s Hymn to Aphrodite is an exciting piece of poetry for several reasons. First, it implies that the mortals and the gods can interact; people can pray for the help of the divinities and expect it to be fulfilled. This notion suggests that gods can be both benevolent and cruel, and the fate of humans is always at their will. Moreover, this poem indicates that Aphrodite is a goddess of love who interacts with human relationships by exercising her powers. So, by begging Aphrodite to end the struggle and enter the fight, Sappho invokes the wreath of the goddess for a human being that has disappointed her love affairs. Works Cited British Institute at Ankara. “ Helen of Troy: Goddess, princess, seductress: A BIAA lecture by Bettany Hughes ”. YouTube . 2016. Web. Evelyn-White, Hugh G. “ The Theogony of Hesiod ”. Sacred Texts , 1914. Web. Halsall, Paul. “Reports of Minos and Knossos.” Internet History Sourcebooks Project , 1998. Web. Sappho. “ Hymn to Aphrodite ”. Poetry Archive . Web. Temperance, Elani. “Women, by Semonides of Amorgos.” Baring the Aegis . 2022. Web.
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Concepts-Based Curriculum and Instruction Essay (Book Review) The Most Appealing Ideas In her book, H. Lynn Erickson focused on concept-based learning. One of the most appealing ideas expressed by the author was the introduction of her perspective on the subject. In particular, Erickson began her book by explaining what concept-based learning stands for and what kind of knowledge it represents. The author connected concept-based learning with the speedy development of technology that changed the face of various industries. In turn, skills and abilities required from young workers changed significantly compared to those popular during the times of their parents’ youth. As a result, in accordance with new requirements, educational standards and curricular contents also have to transform in order to stay relevant in the rapidly changing world. It is possible to state that one of the most interesting aspects of the book was the author’s ability to explain the idea and meaning behind concept-based curricula. This achievement is particularly remarkable in the light of the general lack of understanding of this concept by educational authorities and school administrations which, in turn, results in the lack of its application. Practically, Erickson managed to view and describe a concept-based curriculum using simple and comprehensible language. Another appealing idea expressed by Erickson in her book is the presentation of the state and national standards as some of the main resources that need to be used by educators as the sources of deep knowledge and additional information about the subjects they teach and the ways in which their disciplines should be presented. This idea is interesting because it emphasizes the importance of state and national standards that can be overlooked by educational practitioners. The Implications of the Ideas in the Book for Me as an Educator First of all, the ideas presented in the book imply that the ongoing learning and self-improvement are some of the core tasks and duties of educators as professionals. By stating that the development of technologies and industries calls for corresponding adjustments in the field of education, the author also emphasizes that teachers need to change alongside their programs and requirements. Moreover, Erickson points out that national and state standards play a vital role in the process of change because they are designed to serve as guidance for educators willing to keep their practices up to date with the latest changes in the society and industries. As a result, it is possible to make a conclusion that the latter statement also implies that modern educators are to review their local as well as national standards in order to understand the latest requirements and demands from their performance. Moreover, the author’s point is that the standards serve as essential resources for educators because they offer a deep understanding of their respective disciplines. In particular, in the changing world, the value, perception, and meaning of various disciplines may change in accordance with new shifts in industries and their weight. As a result, in order for educators to be able to provide students with the relevant academic knowledge and practical skills, they have to keep track of all the latest changes in their fields. According to Erickson, designing an appropriate concept-based curriculum is a very complex task that requires a collective effort of educational professionals of various levels and specializations. To be more precise, the author’s explanation of what concept-based curricula stand for implies that changes facilitated by teachers alone and introduced at the level of personal performance are not enough. In order to design and implement a new kind of curriculum, many educational professionals need to come together, assess the current challenges, evaluate potential barriers, weigh possible outcomes, and then reshape the existing curricula in accordance with the concept-based principles and the latest standards. The Ideas That I Challenge In her book, Erickson juxtaposes concept-based and performance-based theories of education. In the author’s opinion, the system that is currently employed to guide curricula and instruction is solely performance-based. The author characterizes this approach as old-fashioned and ineffective because it is strictly guided by theory and the students’ understanding of topics – a shallow and superficial method, as noted by Erickson. Instead of these inefficient strategies, the author proposes switching to concept-based learning that is focused on the provision of practical knowledge relevant in the contemporary society. The idea that I challenge is the author’s encouragement of educators to opt for concept-based curricula. Erickson criticizes performance-based approach because of its focus on standardized testing and its results as indicators of academic success level. Specifically, the author notes that the abundant number of topics and subjects that can replicate one another, as well as the detailed theoretical coverage of the subjects studied in the US schools, cause the lack of students’ active learning. In turn, the knowledge that was obtained from textbooks and never applied in practice is basically useless because it lacks the connection to the concept. However, from the practical point of view, switching to concept-based curricula and instruction would be likely to shorten the list of subjects studied in schools, eliminate some disciplines, and restructure schools by means of leaving many teachers without jobs. Additionally, this change would require education to become more interactive and diverse in terms of teaching techniques and methods, which, in turn, could create more pressure on learners and their families making education less affordable.
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Free trade, economy going global, borderless manufacturing and entrepreneurship, and other consequences of the propaganda of the capitalist world and the dominance of this ideology nearly in every country of the world were all criticized by Marx. He believed that capitalism is the “unjust and self-destructive system” (Schuman par. 2). His point of view was that the globalization would inevitably lead to the concentration of wealth in the hands of relatively small groups of economic actors, and that will entail the emergence of the economic crises, unemployment, and, as the result, widen the gap between the rich and the poor. Moreover, his theory centered on the assumption that capitalism would impoverish the masses. Marx was right in his belief that the rise of the capitalist system would inevitably lead to the growth of inequality in access to wealth. That said, in the United States, for example, three-fourths of the income goes to and is concentrated in the hands of the richest people, and the gap between the poor and the rich continually grows (Schuman par. 3). For the rest of the developed countries, the situation is nearly the same – 0,1 to 1 percent of the richest control the wealth that sums up to 90% of the rest society (Monaghan par. 2,8). Moreover, the so-called bottom families become poorer as the wages melt because of the recent economic crisis. What is even more troubling is the fact that the openness of the world economy and manufacturing made it easier for the companies to hire workers from foreign countries if they know that the potential employees have the needed skills instead of training local people, thus leading to their impoverishment. This trend is one more argument proving the Marx was right in criticizing capitalism and globalization. What Marx was wrong about, however, is his idea of the dictatorship of the proletariat. He believed that the working class would rule the political system. Of course, he was right that the working class would demand its share in access to wealth and economic equality. We can see it all over the world as the people take to the streets with the request of filling the gap between the rich and the poor, and these protests can be seen all over the globe from the most developed countries such as the United States and Europe to the developing ones located in Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Arab world. But in his ideal theory, the government would react to the demand by establishing a fair socialistic society where everyone has equal access to wealth. What we see in reality is that labor unions are weak and fail to be persistent in reaching their primary objectives while the government is firm and preserve their position in keeping most wealth in the hands of the relatively small group. To sum up, what Marx was right about is his criticism of capitalism praising globalization, free trade, and openness, as he believed that their outcomes for the working class would be negative. On the other hand, he was wrong in designing the idea of the dictatorship of the proletariat because workers lack unity in fighting for their interests and minimizing the gap between the rich and the poor while the governments are preserving it. Works Cited Monaghan, Angela. US Wealth Inequality – Top 0.1% Worth as much as the Bottom 90%. 2014. Web. Schuman, Michael. Marx’s Revenge: How Class Struggle Is Shaping the World. 2013. Web.
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Dual-Earner Families and Issues Within Them Essay Summary Since the 1960s, dual-earner families, implying both spouses are employed in paid work while raising children, exhibit a confident increase in popularity in the US society. This phenomenon is stipulated by different socio-economic and demographic factors, including women’s involvement in higher education, a need to sustain a middle-class living standard, and egalitarian distribution of sex-role responsibilities. This paper aims at examining issues occurring in dual-earner families and offers respective strategies, considering societal effects, cultural contexts, and related concepts. Problem Analysis Dual-earner families still remain a predominant trend in contemporary US society, with a prospect for further growth. According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), over 48 percent of families have both husbands and wives employed, as of 2017 (Hu and Nash, 2019). Especially this rate concerns families where children above six-year-old, comprising almost 65 percent. This way of family life has become popular due to several apparent benefits, such as an opportunity for both partners to be independent, expand social contacts, and increase self-esteem. Moreover, dual-earner families gain two incomes accounting for around $84.000 overall (Hu and Nash, 2019). As a result, such an approach allows for ensuring a much better material position. Despite these undeniable advantages, dual-earner couples typically face various problems primarily connected with household chores and caring for children. Since household labor is time- and energy-consuming, it requires the involvement of both partners. However, females are usually more engaged in performing chores than males, which frequently results in conflicting situations in families trying to distribute home duties. The study by Cerrato and Cifre (2018) concluded that traditional gender roles in the household are often the source of work-family conflict (WFC), affecting equally husbands and wives. Another concern stems from the necessity to raise children, which is challenging in dual-earners families. In this regard, parents have to either hire childcare workers, turn to kindergartens, or left children on self-care during their absence. The last case can cause children’s mental problems, especially lower self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and others. It is worth noting that societal and familial structures and patterns also contribute to the uneven allocation of chores. Hu and Nash (2019) indicate that females who earn over 50 percent of family income perform less housework than those who gain under 50 percent. Besides, the current increase of multigenerational families due to the surging diversification of US society creates favorable opportunities for dual-earner families. Overall, spouses can delegate responsibilities in multigenerational households, including childcare, eldercare, and chores, among grandparents and siblings. Such living can also enhance financial resources, tackle loneliness, and alleviate the emotional load. Before offering effective strategies, it is worth discussing the problem of juggling various roles from the view of role theory. This socio-psychological hypothesis assumes that in everyday life, all people occupy specific roles that are defined by a set of duties, norms, expectations, and social contexts (Kossek and Lee, 2017). The theory also contains a concept named roles strain, occurring when a particular statuses make individuals feel physically or mentally overloaded. Moreover, people can encounter role conflicts implying that they have to be torn between several roles, primarily work, family, and school. For instance, women can try to correspond to family, work, or college expectations, which usually leads to psychological problems and frustrations. Considering the issues related to dual-earner families and people’s increasing involvement in employment, there is an acute need to develop practical strategies. According to Livingston and Parker (2019), both fathers (52 percent) and mothers (60 percent) find it challenging to balance work and family. In this regard, workforce boars, local policymakers, and educational establishments should strengthen cooperation to satisfy parents’ learning needs. For example, they can provide childcare assistance and additional time off for parenting. Additionally, low-income families can receive financial aid or low-cost childcare from specific governmental funds (Hu and Nash, 2019). Furthermore, at the individual level, couples can develop strategies that effectively and fairly share their domestic responsibilities. Husbands should help their wives in childrearing and chores to avoid the overburden of the latter and that they have sufficient time for educational or work purposes. References Cerrato, J., & Cifre, E. (2018). Gender inequality in household chores and work-family conflict . Frontiers in Psychology , 9 (1330), 1-11. Web. Hu, J. X., & Nash, S. T. (2019). Marriage and the family: Mirror of a diverse global society. Routledge. Kossek, E. E., & Lee, K. H. (2017). Work-family conflict and work-life conflict . Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management . Web. Livingston, G., & Parker, K. (2019). 8 facts about American dads . Pew Research Center. Web.
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Roman Art and Architecture Types and Masterpieces Essay The similarities and the differences between Roman and Etruscan art An analysis of Roman and Etruscan art reveals significant similarities in specific defining features that characterized their forms of expression. Given the huge influence that Etruscan art had on Roman art, significant similarities existed in their development of realistic portraits of influential figures (Bonfante 138). Both cultures sculpted portraits that capture the facial and other features of the individual of choice with incredible precision. The two cultures’ uptake and advancement of metalwork also reveal another similarity following their perfection in the development of coins and ornaments (Bonfante 140). Finally, Roman architecture also drew significant resemblance from that of the Etruscans concerning their design and construction of domelike structures. On the contrary, Roman art differed from Etruscan art on several crucial fronts, including their tombstone sculptures. While the Etruscans represented the dead in a retrospective approach that highlighted their previously lived experiences, the Romans employed a transitional approach that highlighted the lives of the deceased beyond death itself (Bonfante 145). Additionally, the two art forms differed in the sense that Roman art majorly depicted the sculptures of powerful figures while the Etruscans concentrated on sculptures and paintings denoting realistic images such as those wild animals. This distinction highlights the differences in the perspectives of the artists, given their unique depictions of the environments around them and the concepts to which they attached great significance. The Colosseum and the Pantheon architectural masterpieces of the Roman Empire: the techniques and the materials used to complete these iconic structures The sheer fact that The Colosseum, which still defines Rome’s landscape to this day, is a testament to the architectural prowess and capability of the Roman Empire. It is believed that the amphitheater could have been capable of admitting more than fifty thousand people when it commenced operations (Rose 22). The Colosseum boasted impressive Corinthian columns straddling four flours, which enhanced the building’s beauty. The presence of eighty entrances to the building including its underground passages speaks to the technical advancement of the Roman Empire during the reign of Emperor Vespasian (Rose 8). The Colosseum remains a significant engineering wonder, given its combination of stones and Roman concrete to enhance the strength of the arches. Tufo, which is a strong volcanic rock, cemented the inner walls of the structure in an effort to reduce weight while the seats were made of marble (García-Ruiz and Quiroga-Puerta 45). The Pantheon is another demonstration of the ingenuity of ancient Roman architects and engineers whose labor is still visible today. The building boasts of the coffered dome, which remains the tallest dome without any existing form of reinforcement. The dome’s ceiling design is essential for weight reduction, thereby enhancing its stability (Bonfante 157). The pantheon was similarly constructed using Roman concrete and travertine as the columns were erected through the application of ancient Roman Architectural designs. Emperor Constantine’s power: political and religious changes that occurred during his reign Several critical events that transpired during Emperor Constantine’s reign remain defining features of his legacy. The Emperor implemented several drastic policies that greatly influenced the political outlook of the Empire and its governance structures. For instance, his implementation of a policy that facilitated the introduction of regional prefects whose mandate spun across civil, financial, and administrative spheres of governance was significant (García-Ruiz and Quiroga-Puerta 56). Constantine’s choice to exclude military control from the purview of these prefects served to alter the prevailing power dynamics. Another politically significant change that took place at the tail end of Constantine’s reign was his reestablishment and subsequent implementation of dynasty succession (García-Ruiz and Quiroga-Puerta 57). The Emperor’s act of transferring power to his sons served to reintroduce the system that had been long abandoned by his predecessors. On the religious front, Emperor Constantine is celebrated for several achievements including his highly publicized conversion to Christianity. This event and the subsequent proclamation of the Edict of Milan led to a significant reduction in the nature and severity of the persecution of Christians as had been meted out by previous regimes (García-Ruiz and Quiroga-Puerta 66). Finally, Emperor Constantine also suppressed paganism through active legislation and his sustained attacks on pagan shrines. The differences between two structures in different architectural types: The Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, and Old St. Peter’s, Rome The Church of San Vitale, Ravenna exhibits specific architectural differences from St. Peter’s, Rome. For starters, St. Peter’s was constructed through the implementation of Renaissance architecture while designers of The Church of San Vitale utilized Byzantine architecture (Brittany 24). This distinction is significant in understanding the differences in the outlook of the iconic churches from a design perspective. On the one hand, St. Peter’s in Rome takes the shape of a basilica, which is characterized by the presence of large halls with aisles and a central location that serves as the epicenter of activity (Brittany 26). Basilicas are similarly characterized but have high roofs and imposing windows, as is the case with St. Peter’s. The Church of Vitale in Ravenna, on the other hand, takes the shape of what appears to be an octagon with imposing sides that seem to concentrate its epicenter towards the middle of the church (Brittany 33). These differences in architecture originate from the different inspirations that prevailed during the times of their construction. Works Cited Bonfante, Larissa. “Historical Art: Etruscan and Early Ronam.” American Journal of Ancient History, 2017, pp. 136-162. Web. Brittany, Thomas. “Ravenna on the Grand Tour: A View of Late Antiquity in the Eighteenth Century.” Classical Receptions Journal, 2020, pp. 24-41. Web. García-Ruiz, María and Alberto Quiroga-Puerta. Emperors and Emperorship in Late Antiquity: Images and Narratives . BRILL, 2021. Rose, Simon. Colosseum . Weigl Publishers, 2018.
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Ending Cultural and Cognitive Relativism in Special Education Essay The article discusses the negative effects of postmodernism and the need to end it. In particular, the authors discuss its effects on special education. I agree with the authors’ assertion that postmodernism cannot be reconciled with science because it defines science as a social construct. Kauffman and Sasso are right to refute the assertion that science is a social construct. This approach has infiltrated the academic world and confused. It is also true that various concepts of postmodernism influence education, workplaces, and social discourse. The fact that certain beliefs or practices are common does not mean they represent the truth. According to the authors, examples of the negative effects of postmodernism include the expiration of cultural anthropology as a discipline, introduction of relativism in humanities, and introduction of pessimism in special education (Kauffman & Sasso, 2006). According to the article, “a suggestion we encounter frequently is that we should be tolerant of others and accept alternative views of truth.” (Kauffman & Sasso, 2006) This statement states the importance of allowing people to express themselves. Postmodernism is founded on the belief that truth is subjective. The benefits of accepting or tolerating the views of others include enhanced coexistence, informed social, political, and economic discourses, and improving the exchange of knowledge and information. For instance, there is peaceful coexistence among different religions, races, and ethnic groups because of the willingness of each group to accept and tolerate the views of other groups. It is unfair and unethical to impose cultures, customs, and ideologies of one group on others. However, it is important for all groups to accept scientific knowledge unanimously because conflicting findings cannot be derived from scientific experiments. The authors are right by arguing that not all situations need common ground. According to Kauffman & Sasso (2006), finding common ground on certain issues could undermine truth and promote gibberish. Constructivists argue that people learn by developing personal perceptions and knowledge of the world. Therefore, they believe that education should be informed by social constructs. Learners should be free to learn through their means without subjection to tailor-made means of learning (Kauffman & Sasso, 2006). According to the Bible, the truth sets people free. Jesus taught that people should strive to find the truth to enjoy freedom. Different communities, nations, cultures, religions, and ethnic groups have varied interpretations of freedom. In many communities, freedom is described as the opportunity to practice beliefs and ideologies without external coercion or interference. This is also true for religion. Freedom can be expressed through conduct that is by social and moral ways of living. Postmodernism encourages the existence of varied and opposing ideologies. Even though the authors argue that postmodernism is destructive, they agree that finding common ground on certain issues is inappropriate (Kauffman & Sasso, 2006). For example, there is no common ground about the origin of life. Science and religion have different views. However, every person is free to choose what to believe between the explanations of religion and science. Through personal reflection, I agree that it is important for people to have freedom of expression. On the other hand, it is important for social, political, and religious groups to tolerate and accept the views and ideologies of other groups. For instance, different religions have different views about life and the origin of humanity. Therefore, to foster social cohesion and unity, each religion should tolerate the beliefs of other religions. Accepting and tolerating different ideologies is ethical and important for the development of society. It is unethical to establish fixed rules and regulations to govern people. Reference Kauffman, J., & Sasso, G. (2006). Toward Ending Cultural and Cognitive Relativism in Special Education. Exceptionality, 14 (2), 65-90.
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Exit Strategy in Tropical Health Drink Proposal Essay TCH realises the importance of having a built-in exit strategy for the company’s Tropical Health Drink. This is because of the fact that uncertain business environments may either hinder future commercialisation of the product or make it gain immense market share to a point of wanting to sell the product line to more established businesses (Clarke n.d.). An explicit exit strategy is also important not only to plan for the future but also to enhance the confidence of potential funders. TCH adopts two exit strategies to cater for the two probable eventualities described above. If the Tropical Health product line starts to make losses due to prevailing market conditions, TCH will consider a friendly buy-out with the view to transferring more ownership to shareholders and employees to keep the product afloat during the turbulent times (Clarke n.d.). This is a viable exit strategy as TCH will cease substantial ownership of Tropical Health while pumping in more resources from shareholders to maintain the product in the market. TCH will consider selling the product to an established health drinks manufacturer for a fortune if it continues being competitive in the market for a period of 20 years (Yeanoplos 2001). Reference List Clarke, A. n.d., Exit strategies for small business owners . Web. Yeanoplos, K. R. 2001, ‘Exit strategy critical for entrepreneurs’, Las Vegas Business Press , vol. 18 no. 35, pp. 9-10.
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Alcohol Advertising and Youth Annotated Bibliography Safer, H., (2002). Alcohol Advertising and Youth: Journal of studies on alcohol supplement . pp. 173-81. Summary of the Article The article is authored by Safer (2002) and he seeks to explain whether alcohol consumption amongst college students is increased by aggregate advertising. It is based on secondary research done on other studies related to the topic. The study uses a theoretical framework for assessing the effectiveness of advertising. It seeks to verify what most studies have suggested that, although the levels of advertising and alcohol consumption among college students are both high, there is no empirical evidence that has successfully linked the two. Safer (2002) found out that alcohol consumption is increased by advertising. Limited bans cannot reduce advertising because the advertisers will shift to other media that have not been banned. A potentially effective way of reducing alcohol consumption is by implementing a comprehensive ban on all alcohol advertisements and promotions. This will leave no option for advertisers to shift to other media. He then concludes that rather than introducing new bans on advertising as a public policy, it is better to increase counter-advertising. He also says that there is a high likelihood that the public may not support comprehensive bans on alcohol advertising. He adds that focusing on introducing new alcohol advertising bans that are limited will reduce the efforts of implementing counter-advertising. Lastly, he suggests that future research should focus on finding out themes of counter-advertising that will most effectively reach and change the youth. Assessment of the article The article has some strengths which include: first, it has been able to clearly bring out the relationship between alcohol consumption and advertising among youths. This has been achieved by analyzing the relationship graphs of alcohol consumption versus advertising, as well as bans on advertising. Secondly, it has shown why previous bans on alcohol advertising have not worked and suggested other effective ways of controlling alcohol consumption. This has been achieved by analyzing the relationship graphs of alcohol consumptions versus advertising bans and also alcohol consumption versus counter-advertising. However, the study also has some weaknesses. One of them is that it only focuses on advertising as the only influencer of alcohol consumption. It fails to appreciate other factors which include peer pressure, availability of alcohol, and money to spend on alcohol purchasing, as well as psychological factors like depression. This limits the effectiveness of the recommendations made to reduce alcohol consumption among the youth. The usefulness of the article in Nursing Nurses at one point or another, deal with patients who have disruptive behaviors, key among such are alcoholism patients. The article provides nurses with information on how a factor that contributes to an increase in alcoholism affects the consumption of alcohol. Through this article, the nurses will be better placed when counseling recovering alcohol patients on various issues. For instance, helping their patients to know how to react to the alcohol advertisements in the media; protecting their patients who consume alcohol, from advertisements that might influence them to consumption, hence reducing the effectiveness of their medication. As a result, they will be able to help their patients to come out of addiction and also benefit from their medication.
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Arguments for Supporting Same-Sex Marriage Essay Introduction One of the most heated debates of our time entails same sex marriage. While many people point out different reasons for opposing such a marriage, others have equally many reasons for supporting it. This paper seeks to support same sex marriage in the limelight of increasing liberalism and human rights across the world. In addition, the paper will utilize various articles and scholarly sources to find grounds for supporting the argument. Arguments for Same-Sex Marriage At the outset, it is important to notice that the proposed constitutional amendments that seek to proscribe same sex marriage defy the very basic principles of which the constitution exists. The rationale is that the aim of a constitution is to protect human beings from possible violations of their rights. This implies that a constitution ought to empower its people as opposed to disempowering them. The document accords people the power to protect their intrinsic rights. As such, an effort to amend it with the aim of criminalizing people is not only unconstitutional but also discriminatory to a cross section of the society. It contradicts the very foundation of human rights and inherent rights of human beings who now seem as though they are the subjects of draconian rules yet the reverse should be true. By legalizing same sex marriages, opponents argue that it would be harmful to heterosexual marriages. How is that? Considering such countries such as Belgium and Netherlands where the relationships are legal, research has shown that conventional marriages have suffered no harmful effects from homosexual and lesbian marriages. As such, legalization of same sex marriage does not imply the end of heterosexual marriages but it offers different people who have different sexual orientation a choice. This is without feeling discriminated in countries, which they belong. Third, the government should not involve itself with such issues as sanctity and sacredness of the marriage institution. This in consideration of the fact that the government is a secular political institution and should not concern itself in making judgments about sanctity of social and religious institutions. The rationale is that the argument that numerous critics put forward revolves around the sanctity of marriage borrowed heavily from Christianity. In secular nations, nobody (even the government) should have the right to dictate individual righteousness and sanctity. Over and above, marriage institution should not denote a religious institution. This is because the country appreciates diversity and it should realize that numerous people have different backgrounds. Criticizing same sex marriages is a way of showing intolerance to different cultures and orientations. The proposed amendment seeks to draw its major support some sub sections of religion, which should not be the case in the contemporary world. Critics point out that marriage institution entails more than just emotions and feelings. Nonetheless, banning people from expressing their emotions to the people they love just complicates the matter even more since there will be two categories of people in the country. Some people will not enjoy their freedoms and rights because of a seemingly primitive amendment. To this end, it is important for the government to halt its plans and find a progressive way to deal with the issue rather than hiding in the contexts of religion. Conclusion In sum, same sex marriages should continue to be legal. By banning them, the government will use the constitution to deny some of its people some fundamental rights. Besides, marriage is not a subset of religion.
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Introduction 2. The APA style 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction To improve the service delivery of Star Publishing to our customers, there is a need for us to adapt writing skills that are easy to understand for the researcher. Since most of our customers are universities were need to look into what it is that they need and how to best meet the standards that are kept in these institutions. As editors, we must ensure that the final copy that is delivered to our customers is up to standard and meets their various needs adequately. Since in universities the requirements are academic standards being met, then it is necessary to make our publications as academic as possible. The APA style To show the validity of the information contained in the publications, there is a need to reference the work. Most of our contracts involve publishing student textbooks, workbooks, instructor editions, and study guidelines. It has come to our attention that few of Star Publishing employees fully understand the APA style of writing and it has become necessary to inform and educate them on how to use this style in all our publications and especially those for these university orders. The APA style is an abbreviation of the American Psychological Associations’ style. As its name suggests, it is mostly used in psychology although the social sciences make use of it too. In the APA style, there is a lot of use of an in-text citation. They are found in parenthesis all through the text and consist of the author’s surname and the date of publication. Once a source has been cited in the in-text citation, the full version must be written in the reference list. The reference list is found at the end of the text. However, when one has used a direct quote and wants to cite it, there has to be the inclusion of the page number on top of the inclusion of the name and publishing date. The use of these in-text citations helps the reader easily locate where the citation has been retrieved from about the reference list. The APA style gives various ways of citing the different sources of information. By being very specific and clear on where the information has come from, it allows the reader to confirm that what is written is true. This helps in confirming the validity of the text and since most are academic texts, this is very important. Since people in the field of social sciences and those in the psychology field mostly utilize it, it means that it can also be used in research papers. It is in such papers that its importance becomes very clear because the reader can be able to verify all the information that is included in the research paper and hence confirm the reliability and validity of the research (American Psychological Association 2001). Conclusion The employees of Star Publishing must learn about the APA rules because they will be put to use in the publishing of academic texts that the company is contracted to publish. This is necessary because this publishing company aims to meet the client’s needs and since it is the style that is used in most academic papers it would only be prudent for every one of us to learn how to use it. Those rules will be used to ensure that the universities who contract us will continue bringing to us the works that they need to have published for them. Once this happens we benefit from increased profits and they in turn benefit from getting quality services that are indeed valued for money. References American Psychological Association 2001 Publication Manual of the APA 5th ed. Universities Libraries 2006. Citing Sources Using the APA Style manual.
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Women’s Page Is Better Than a Style Section Research Paper The late 19th century saw the introduction of the first women’s page. During this period of explicit and unfiltered sexism, society believed that women had peanuts for brains. The evolution of women’s page has evolved over the years in response to need. A women’s page serves as a space to help each other and chart the way forward. Replacing the women’s page and the style section or using them interchangeably will only work to push women aside. A Style Section should not replace the women’s page because it addresses women’s issues in a male-dominated society. The women’s page will help women more, and their affairs will be well-addressed in all aspects of life. Feminist issues are still worth talking about in our time. The discrimination against women might have reduced over the years, but all that was due to awareness being raised. There are still areas of society where sexism has not been fully addressed. Replacing the women’s page with style and fashion or using the two subjects interchangeably will only promote sexism because it communicates: “You are not that important, so we will give you the less important stuff.” While reading the newspaper, the style section is usually read for fun or not read. People want to read things that actually matter, something that impacts society at large, not “what am I going to wear today?”. In other words, women need a voice. The style section in any newspaper presents information that the public can do without, while the women’s page can actually help. Some of the issues facing women and which the Feminist Movement has been trying to address are: 1. Domestic Labor/Chores. It is not unlikely that you would find a woman letting go of her job to “take care of her family.” Man and wife might both be working a nine-to-five job, but the woman also will prepare food for the family, do the dishes and the laundry, prepare the kids for school and still “look nice” for the man. There should be an equal division of domestic labor between spouses or at least some agreement in the family setup concerning chores. 2. The Media – Advertisements on modern televisions can subtly propagate sexist mannerisms. The media uses products widely used by society to promote stereotypic information to the masses. Few organizations are dominated by the male ego, which has an idea of what a “real” man should look like at the cost of displaying a lesser version of women. A women’s page in a newspaper is a space where women can express themselves and communicate issues that concern them. Any other area in mainstream media has been saturated by males who know little to nothing about issues that affect women. In 2012, during the elections, a famous newspaper talked about Hillary Clinton’s pink lipstick and her sense of fashion as being off. Women have a voice and can contribute to society, thus emphasizing the women’s page rather than the style section. The women’s page encourages women to speak out, thus benefiting women. Cultural practices have pushed women to the point where a large part of them believe that they belong at the back of the line. The frontiers of feminist women use the women’s page to encourage those women to come out and speak about issues facing them at the hands of chauvinistic men. In 1969, there was a transition from the women’s page to the styles section. The newspaper firms claimed they were “mixing things up” by bringing men into the women’s division to put more esteem on the women’s page. This move was during the rise of the feminist movement. Some women had not seen the significance of the women’s section in newspapers, which led to less readership by the masses. The 1950s saw the first mention of women being involved with “real” issues (leadership). That would have caused a stirring, only that the only set of people who read the women’s page are the women themselves. The editors never paid much attention to what went into the women’s page – it was a male-dominated media space. The female editors found a way of airing women’s issues while still playing by the rules. These writers are the ones that changed the game in favor of women. Kimberly Voss maintained a blog (Women’s Page History) intended to correct the idea that the women’s page was fluff. There has been a paradigm shift over the years as we have seen more men accepting the relevance of women and respecting their voices in society. The Women’s page might as well have been responsible for why we would have the next American President. Such platforms serve to open the eyes of the public. While men might say that they deserve a “men’s page,” it would be absurd in the sense that no male has been sidelined in the past, and society acknowledges men more than women. One might as well look at it like this, “we have seen what men can do, now let’s see what our counterparts can do.” The widely known saying goes, “what a man can do, a female can do better.” Women possess some great qualities, such as compassion and cautiousness, that will help make society a better place if given an opportunity. In conclusion, the women’s page will help better women at large, and their affairs will be well addressed.
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In the modern global Word, people have become very mobile and can change the place of living several times in their lives. Does it mean that they have to say goodbye to their personality? I think it does not: we have an opportunity to study foreign languages, which enriches our intelligence and makes our mental outlook broader. Studying a foreign language is one of the most exciting human experiences, which brings both pleasure and mental growth. The Chinese professor from the USA says that he has come across his occupation by chance. However, it is very impressive that he has opened his soul to another culture, which is so different compared to his native one. He has told that Chinese has several brunches, and sometimes it is different to understand Chinese from the different parts of China. But the difference between Chinese and English is much more serious: these languages have a different alphabet, grammar, and pronunciation. The Chinese culture has old specific traditions, it is difficult to understand them at first for the Western people. The professor talks about cultural mistakes which he sometimes makes in China. But now he can read Chinese old books and modern newspaper articles, communicate with the Chinese. I think this helps him to understand the spirit of Chinese culture. The professor says that it is very important to communicate with Chinese native speakers, and I understand why. The modern simplified Chinese differs much from the language used in the old books. At the same time, the new words appear in the language all the time: they are some professional or cultural terms, the words of slang. This proves that the language is like a living creature: the nation lives and develops, and so does the language. Besides talking to native speakers, I think the most important when studying a foreign language is to train one’s active vocabulary. A vocabulary of a person who studies a foreign language can be divided into 2 parts: active and passive. Passive vocabulary includes the words which we can recognize when reading or listening to the speech. Active vocabulary is smaller: it includes the words which we can remember immediately when writing or talking. That is why people at first learn to read and listen to foreign speech, and only then to speak and write. The Chinese professor does not mention this aspect, but I think he also feels this because he says that sometimes he feels he does know something well when teaching, and this is challenging for him. I think training active vocabulary is very difficult and important: the more words we can use when speaking, the brighter our speech is. Today studying Chinese is not so popular in the English-speaking world. However, China is getting a stronger international position: it provides goods and services to many countries of the World, and the Western companies invest in the Chinese economy. Chinese specialists find the job abroad, and Chinese students study at the best universities in the World. This means that not only the Chinese need to study English but as well studying Chinese will become more and more popular with English-speaking people. That is why I think that the professor’s occupation is not only interesting but also very timely. His students are lucky, as they have a chance to get unique knowledge, extend their view of life, and get better career opportunities. The professor shows them that our World is diverse and that understanding becomes the most important thing in it.
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Overview 2. Recent research 3. Ethical concerns 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Overview Angiogenesis is the creation of new blood cells. Chemical signals stimulate endothelial cells inside the blood vessels’ walls. This causes the cells to differentiate, migrate and grow into new blood cells that replace damaged ones. Cancer tumors discharge chemical signals to stimulate angiogenesis. This leads to the formation of new blood vessels that provide nutrients and oxygen to tumors, thus making them grow and spread in our bodies. Therefore, slowing down angiogenesis, formation of red blood cells around the tumor can prevent the growth of the cancerous tumor (National Cancer Institute 1- 4). Recent research Recent research has sought to understand angiogenesis, the formation o red blood cells at the molecular level. Zayed et al.’s (73-96) research reveals that the CIB1 protein controlling the endothelial cell functions is the same as the one causing red blood cell formation in cancer tumors. These findings can form the basis of cancer therapies that targetCIB1 in order to inhibit the growth of cancerous tumors. Other researches such as Junrong et al. (1-9) research have supported Zayed et al.’s findings. In Junrong et al. MS research analysis, a liver tumor shows that there are more CIB1 proteins in advanced tumors than in the pre-tumor cancerous stage. Further results show that addition of Ribonucleic acid to inhibit the growth of CIB1 stops the liver tumor from growing. This ascertains that CIB1 findings can help researchers develop a treatment for cancer including liver cancer. The University of Massachusetts has been quick to act and just recently in July, it finalized its research on CIB1 Inhibitory drugs. The authorization of some drugs such as Avastin has been affected and are now used as cancer treatment (Garkavtsev et al. 3-9) Ethical concerns Health practitioners should maintain honesty, respect, make sure that patients’ interests come first and avoid harming the patients. The angiogenesis inhibitory drugs approved have severe side effects such as hypertension, delaying wound healing, and causing blood clots that can trigger heart attacks. Unfortunately, doctors are still using the drugs because they believe that they are acting with the patient’s best interests at heart. Usually, if a drug does more good than harm and there is no other effective drug, doctors can overlook the negative side effects and use the drug to save the patient’s life. Most doctors are therefore claiming that drugs such as Avastin have more positive than negative results. Research shows that there are more effective drugs with few side effects than inhibitory drugs. This makes one wonder whether the use of CIB1 inhibitory drugs in treating patients is doing more harm to the patients or helping the patients/acting with the patients’ best interest at heart (National Cancer Institute 4-9). Conclusion I think that the researchers should have tried to experiment and find out the possible side effects of the drugs before using them. It makes no sense to cure a cancer patient who will end up dying of a heart attack caused by the inhibitory drugs used. In addition, it makes no sense to use drugs that can lead to multiple surgeries due to clot formation and excessive bleeding while there may be drugs that can effectively cure cancer. In my opinion, doctors using the just developed angiogenesis inhibitory are unethical. They are not concerned with the long-term impact that the drugs might have on patients. Once life is lost, no one can revive it and therefore, if doctors want to save lives, they should start by avoiding the use of harmful drugs and researching more on the drug’s short-term and long-term side effects before using them. Works Cited Garkavtsev, Igor et al. “Dehydro- -Lapachone, a Plant Product with Antivascular Activity”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 12.108. (2011): 596-601. Web. Junrong, T. et al. “Proteomic Identification of CIB1 as a Potential Diagnostic Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma” . Journal of Bioscience 36.4 (2011): 659-68. Web. National Cancer Institute. Angiogenesis Inhibitors . National Cancer Institute, 2011. Web. Zayed, Mohamed A. et al. “Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis is Impaired in CIB1 Knockout Mice”. Journal of Angiogenesis Research 2.17 (2010): 73-96. Web.
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Heritage in Walker’s “Everyday Use” Short Story Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction In Alice Walker’s short story “Everyday Use”, the author places two sisters side by side for an afternoon of visiting. One of these sisters, Maggie, lives with her mother in a small, poorly built shack on the edge of the country and is planning to marry a somewhat unattractive but dependable man in their small town. As a child, she was caught in a fire and still bears significant scarring on her legs and arms, a fact that makes her shy and withdrawn. The other sister, Dee, lives a beautiful life in the city with her good looks, her outgoing charm, and her refusal to be denied. Her status with the man she travels with is unknown, but her attitudes and behaviors are that of a middle-class urban black woman attempting to recapture a sense of her heritage. While both girls can be seen to honor their past and the cultural heritage from which they descended, Walker demonstrates a deeper appreciation for a person’s heritage that can only be obtained through everyday use. Main body The type of interest Dee shows in her surroundings is immediately depicted as approaching cultural awareness from a distance. The perfect image of a mother for Dee is someone other than her own, someone “a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pancake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights” (Walker, 2007), indicating someone who has not worked hard outside most of her life with more important things to be concerned about than cosseting her hair. Further distancing her from this heritage, Dee was sent to the Augusta school where she learned to love the stories she read about in books and grew up wanting nice things. While she apparently loves her mother and sister, “She wrote me once that no matter where we ‘choose’ to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends” (Walker, 2007), it is also apparent that she takes little or no pride in her own past. This is much different from the awareness of her heritage displayed by Maggie, who lives the lifestyle alongside her mother and is more intimately aware of the stories behind each of the pieces Dee determines she will take back with her to the city. The items Dee wishes to take from the house are all strongly associated with her culture and past, but she intends to put them to alternate uses within her home, “’I can use the chute top as a centerpiece for the alcove table,’ she said, sliding a plate over the chute, ‘and I’ll think of something artistic to do with the dasher’” (Walker, 2007). In taking some of these things, she is removing useful tools regularly used for the purposes intended by Maggie and her mother. In the end, Dee can’t understand why her mother might not allow her to ‘properly’ take care of something as valuable as the heritage quilt she’s dug out of her mother’s trunk. She would hang them on the wall and take ‘proper’ care of them as opposed to Maggie, who would use them on her beds as a reminder of the wonderful grandmother who began piecing them together, the industry of the women of the family in stitching it and the history of the family as the cloth included such items as a small fragment of a uniform her great-great-grandfather wore when he fought in the Civil War. Maggie remembers all of this information about the quilts, but Dee identifies them only as something her grandmother once did and as a symbol of the industry of the oppressed. Conclusion Dee’s valuation of her heritage came from the externally defined values of the greater mass culture she encountered in the city. She was not able to appreciate the work that went into the making of the quilts or the real use of the butter churn that her mother still used to make her butter. By contrast, Maggie was able to remember many more details about her true heritage as it was experienced and lived by those who came before her through her intimate understanding of the uses of the various items that had come to represent that heritage. As a result, she had a deeper and more authentic understanding of where she had come from and where she was going. Works Cited Walker, Alice. “Everyday Use.” 2008. Web.
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Under-age Criminals in the New York Times Archives Synthesis Essay This paper explores the events that happened on the 5 th of September in 1994. The research of the New York Times archives revealed three particularly worrying articles. All of them described murders and injuries of three different people, and all of them had one feature in common – the suspects charged with murders were under age. The first article follows the case of an argument between two friends which had a lethal outcome, one of the boys shot the other one. The second article is a description of a tragic accident that happened between two cousins one of which found a gun and, thinking, it was a toy, shot his cousin. Finally, the last article depicts a cold-blooded planned murder of an elderly woman by a teenager. The article called “Mischievous Boys, a Stolen Gun and the Loss of a Life” by Robert D. McFadden discusses a tragic result of a fight between two friends of 13 and 11 years old. The older child, Adam, was “a troubled boy from a broken home, a blusterer with a wiry arm who befriended younger, smaller boys he could dominate” (McFadden par. 1). The younger friend, Jacob, is described as a quiet, shy and police child, who was the follower in this boyhood relationship. A while before the tragic fight the two boys together with a couple more teenage friends committed a planned mischief together, they broke in to some private property and stole a number of things among which there were guns. Days after that, when the four children gathered for a game, a fight occurred. Jacob fought with one of the boys, called Jamie. As a leader of the group, Adam broke the fight off, telling Jamie to apologize, which he did. Jacob was ordered to give an apology too, yet, he refused; to maintain his authority, Adam pointed a gun at his younger peer’s chest and ordered once again, Jacob kept refusing and Adam pulled the trigger. Shocked, screaming and bleeding, the 11-year old ran out of the house, where he collapsed and was found by a construction worker, who called 911 (McFadden par. 29). Jacob was picked up by a helicopter and moved to the hospital, but did not survive; the murderer called the police and surrendered the same day. The next article is by John T. McQuiston and it is called “In a ‘Game,’ Boy Shoots His Cousin Handgun Seemed Just Like a Toy”, this piece informs about a bad accident that happened when two cousins, an 8-year old Kashif and a 3-year old Lorenzo were left alone in a room with a loaded pistol. Thinking that the gun was a toy, the older boy took a shot at the toddler and hit him in the head, which put him in critical condition. Kashif’s mother, Karen, ran into the room after she heard a shot, she called the ambulance right away. The owner of the gun was also in the house at that moment, it was Karen’s friend Robert. The man grabbed the weapon and stormed out, but soon was caught by the police and arrested as an illegal owner of a pistol. Robert was “charged with first-degree reckless endangerment, a felony, and criminal possession of a weapon and endangering the welfare of a child” (McQuiston par. 9). Lorenzo’s parents agreed that his 8-year old cousin could not be held responsible for what happened, Robert was the one at fault in this accident, he should not have brought the gun and left it in the place where the children could reach it (McQuiston, par. 14). The last article is “Another Slaying in Chicago, Another 11-Year-Old Suspect” by Don Terry, the author tells a story of a cold-blooded murder of an elderly woman committed by an 11-year old child. The 84-year old Mrs. Gilvis was found dead in her bathroom, her hands were tied up, her throat was slip and there were marks of beating up on her body. Investigating this crime the police interrogated the victim’s neighbors, among whom there was a boy nicknamed Frog. He kept naming suspects, who proved not to be the murderers, so after all, the detectives agreed that the boy might have had something to do with the crime. After Frog was arrested, his mother revealed the details of the relationship between him and Mrs. Gilvis, she stated that the victim was hateful towards the boy based on his ethnicity (Terry, par. 13). The boy confirmed that hated the neighbor back, which makes his motive to kill “older than the nation” (Terry, par. 12). The described crimes happened in New Jersey, New York and Illinois accordingly. They were only a small part of all accidents that occurred all around the United States territory resulting from misplacement and reckless handling of weapons, allowing the children to reach them. In most cases such situations are the consequences of irresponsible parenting and the indifference of the communities towards the youth growing up in dysfunctional families and dangerous districts. Works Cited McFadden, Robert D. “Mischievous Boys, a Stolen Gun and the Loss of a Life.” Nytimes.com . New York Times, 5 Sep. 1994. Web. McQuiston , John T. “In a ‘Game,’ Boy Shoots His Cousin Handgun Seemed Just Like a Toy.” Nytimes.com . New York Times, 5 Sep. 1994. Web. Terry, Don. “Another Slaying in Chicago, Another 11-Year-Old Suspect.” Nytimes.com . New York Times, 5 Sep. 1994. Web.
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DU Company Employee Management Essay Table of Contents 1. The Company 2. Compensation Policies 3. Opportunities for Development 4. Recruitment 5. Works Cited The Company DU is an enterprise that operates in Dubai and is focused on the provision of telecommunication services. It is imperative to say that it is one of the leaders in the industry that is known for its unique approaches. The enterprise has won numerous awards and is determined to provide customers with services of highest possible quality. Compensation Policies The fact that the company provides its workers with a broad range of benefits should not be overlooked. DU offers competitive salaries, and the pay is based on performance most of the time (“More Than a Job” par. 3). This aspect should not be overlooked because commitment to the job is rewarded. Such factors as airfare allowance, provision of health care, assistance with education, pension, annual leave and other should be taken into account. It is also paramount to mention that such benefits as discounts and free data and parking can be regarded as valuable and can be essential for work. Opportunities for Development It is paramount to mention that the company provides its employees with numerous opportunities for development. Many programs with a goal to support students have been developed by the organization, and it is evident that graduates are valued by the enterprise. It is paramount to note that the firm devotes a significant amount of resources to education, and the help to start the careers is also offered (“Start Your Career with Us” par. 1). Experienced professionals are also valued by the company, and they are provided with numerous career opportunities depending on their level of knowledge. It is necessary to mention that experience in this industry is essential because one should be able to deal with the changes because new technologies are being discovered every day, and some of them may be disruptive. Recruitment It is imperative to note that recruitment process is not complicated, and one needs to submit curriculum vitae. It is paramount to mention that it may be necessary to pass online tests in some cases to test the knowledge, and this approach is incredibly convenient (“How We Recruit” par. 1). The fact that an individual is guided throughout the whole process should not be disregarded. The information and feedback that is received can be viewed as incredibly valuable, and one should be able to keep track of the progress. It is paramount to say that the process of selection is strict most of the time, but the company is ready to provide opportunities to individuals that have potential. Works Cited “How We Recruit.” DU . DU, n.d. Web. “ More Than a Job .” DU . DU, n.d. Web. “Start Your Career with Us.” DU . DU, n.d.
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Cultural Differences in International Business Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. How companies can avoid ethnocentrism 4. Conclusion 5. References Introduction This paper is going to discuss how it is important for international companies to relate and adapt to the cultures of the countries that they seek to set up a business. The paper will also discuss ethnocentrism and ways to avoid it. This paper will also discuss how international companies can avoid conflict by understanding the politics and legal systems of a host country. Elements of other cultures are also important things to know and this paper will discuss why it is important for companies to know them. Discussion The world can be said to have very many different cultures but every culture is unique in terms of elements. However, there are elements that when constituted together can be used to define culture. One of the major elements of culture is language. Different languages are a fundamental aspect of culture. Religion and beliefs of people in a certain culture play a vital role in defining a culture. Norms are part of every civilized society. These are very important in a culture and they may include taboos and rituals. Every culture also has a social stratification or collectives. They can also be termed as social constructions which are symbolic. They may be in terms of classes, communities, institutions, and organizations. Statuses and roles are other elements of culture. This involves the roles of different people in a society. It may be based on gender or age. Finally, cultural integration which is a source of harmony in culture is also an important element of defining culture. How companies can avoid ethnocentrism Ethnocentricity can be described as the feeling that your culture is the best. It involves biases that foreign culture is inferior to yours. This is a feeling that is prevalent when opening a business in a foreign land. The best way to combat ethnocentrism is through exposure. Companies should always try to expose the employees to different cultures so that they can learn to appreciate them. Companies should do enough research on the hosts and their culture so as to have a smooth running in their business which is free of ethnocentrism. Cross-cultural education is important for employees who are going to work overseas. Businesses that are international need to embrace multiculturalism and avoid being closed-minded. In order to run a successful business, companies should understand and nurture the skills required to handle the differences in culture which may try to be dominant in such relationships. “Lack of understanding of the important attitudes which are expressed when dealing with different cultures is a recipe for the loss of a lot of money which goes into negotiations, poor sales, and ineffective customer relations” (Moran and Stripp, 2001). “The company’s willingness to understand, respect and adapt to the other cultures (cultural adaptation) is an important factor for outstanding success in the multi-cultural marketing environment. The Management understanding of both the home firm’s and the partner’s efforts to adapt to each other’s culture are considered essential to the development of successful cross-cultural relationships” (Rudie, 1985). There are elements of other cultures that companies need to know in order to operate successfully and profitably. These may include religion. A company has to take a religious orientation of the place it is setting base in. For example, a firm that sells alcohol would need to research well before venturing into an Islamic country. The physical environment has a significant effect on peoples’ culture. For example, people who have lived in arid areas have become nomads and animal keepers like camels. International companies must know that the politics and the legal systems of a host nation can have a great impact on their businesses. There are countries that do not moot for job creation. Politics also determine if the host nation will adopt capitalism, socialism, free-market and currency controls. The stability of the host nation is also a political impact that international companies have to contend with. The companies also have to abide by the rules set in the host nation. These may occur mostly in businesses that are regulated or professions. Licenses may be required for starting up the business and the time it takes to process them varies in different countries. There can also be restrictions on foreign ownership of land or buildings.” Furthermore, except for the understanding about the stability of the existing government in the country that the firm is setting up a business the state can seize the property that is foreign-owned within its borders. This is termed expropriation where the state quickly compensates the former holders of the property. However, some governments may confiscate property, meaning former owners do not receive proper compensation” (Deresky, 2003). Conclusion In my view, it is important for companies to have cultural awareness for them to have successful operations in foreign countries. This will help them adapt to the culture of the people they want to operate with. They will know the political, religious and social existence of their host and thus operate without conflict and also make profits. When you understand someone’s culture you will respect and embrace it. References 1. Deresky, H. (2003). International Management: Managing Across Borders And Cultures. NewJersey: Prentice-Hall. 2. Duane, D and Cosenza, R (1985). Business Research for Decision Making . Boston: PWS-Kent Publishing Co. 3. Moran, T and Stripp, G (2001). Dynamics of Successful International Business Negotiations. Houston: Gulf Publishing Company. 4. Punnett, B and Ricks, D (2007 ). International Business. Cambridge: Blackwell Publishers. 5. Rudie, K (1985). Strategies for joint ventures . Lexington: Lexington Gulf Professional Publishing.
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Quest in “The Epic of Gilgamesh” Coursework To a great extent, the Epic of Gilgamesh illustrates the self-discovery and moral transformation of the protagonist who cannot accept the brevity of his life. This is the main question that should be discussed in this paper. In particular, close attention should be paid to the quest pursued by Gilgamesh. His search has several purposes. In the beginning, the protagonist only wants to achieve immortality which can give the sense of superiority over other people. However, one should take into account that Gilgamesh is strongly affected by the death of Enkidu. Overall, his motives for starting this journey are eloquently described by the author of this poem. “Mad, perhaps insane, he tried, To bring Enkidu back to life To end his bitterness His fear of death, His life became a quest” (Mason 55). To some extent, this quote indicates that the journey of Gilgamesh is not motivated only by selfishness. Certainly, he wants to achieve eternal life, but he also wants to revive his friend Enkidu. This is one of the main arguments that can be put forward. It should be noted that Gilgamesh experienced significant emotional suffering. In particular, he is overwhelmed by the awareness of his mortality. The following quote describes his experiences, “Death had taken the direction he had gained. He was no more a king But just a man who now had lost his way” (Mason 54). As it has been said before, he does not want to admit that he is similar to other mortals. This feeling is extremely discomforting to him. He does not understand a human being is so limited, especially in comparison with gods. So, he strives to be on par with divine creatures. This is one of the main points that can be made while discussing the motives of the protagonist and relations with other characters of this epic poem. Nevertheless, the reader can see that the quest transforms Gilgamesh. First of all, he learns that the secret of happiness lies in the ability of a person to live in peace with other people. Moreover, this epic poem emphasizes the sense of justice which prevents a person from mistreating others. This is one of the main issues that can be identified. Gilgamesh does not attain the initial goal of his quest, but he is able to accept his mortality. This quest helps him become a better ruler who is able to respect the dignity of others. This is one of the qualities that he lacks at the beginning of this poem. Overall, one can argue that this quest is fulfilled, but its results prove to be different from the initial intentions of Gilgamesh. On the whole, this quest illustrates the moral transformation of the main character. In the beginning, Gilgamesh can be perceived as a cruel and wayward tyrant who only wants to indulge his whims. He is not concerned with the well-being of others. Yet, the death of Enkidu and his subsequent search for immortality shows changes the protagonist. This character eventually learns to be a better person and king. So, this poem should not be viewed as a description of a physical journey. More likely, one can say that it is a moral quest that brings unexpected results to the protagonist. This theme plays a central role in this poem. Works Cited Mason, Herbert. Gilgamesh: A Verse Narrative , New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2003. Print.
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Social Movements. Southern Christian Leadership Conference Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Establishment of Southern Christian Leadership Conference 3. SCLC’s activities 4. Success of SCLC 5. Reference List Introduction Social movements are organized campaigns in support of a social goal of altering or prevention change of a society’s arrangement or principles. Social movements are formed by people who have a common agenda in society. People forming such groups form them spontaneously. Today, a number of factors have enabled social movements to thrive well, as they are freedom of expression, economic independence, and availability of information, and awareness of basic human rights. Establishment of Southern Christian Leadership Conference One of the social movements includes the one involving civil rights movements in the United States, Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The social movement was formed in 1957 by Dr. Martin Luther; the founding members were church ministers who met in Atlanta. Other members were the elite blacks in other professionalism like teachers, who spoke on behalf of the majority illiterate blacks. The group was formed to promote and coordinate non-violent acts in disorganizing the bus system in the south. The aim of the group was to ensure political, educational, social, and economic parity by abolishing racial discrimination (Stewart et al, 2007). The group was first formed to muddle the bus system in the south since there was a lot of segregation. SCLC had a number of changes they were interested in creating. The group was interested in eliminating segregation in schools and advocated for schools for all and equal opportunity. They advocated for black people to register as voters to empower themselves in choosing their leaders. The group also supported other similar groups that had the same agenda. The movement faced a lot of resistance in pursuance of its goals from the police and other organizations against blacks. Since the moment was church-based, few churches would associate with it because they feared attacks, bombings and withdrawal of financial aid. Snow et al, (2004) indicated that the movement also faced resistance from fellow civil rights movements because it advocated non-violent strategies in rolling out its activities. The social movement got challenged in recruiting new members among the black churches. Most religious leaders were for the idea that SCLC was supposed to focus on spreading the Gospel and helping the needy instead of focusing on social inadequacies. The movement’s social actions involved establishment of citizenship schools. In these schools, the old people were taught in order to pass the voter registration test. They were also taught how to operate bank accounts, operate mail services and how to fill driver’s license forms. These schools also received some resistance may be informed of land disputes but SCLC managed to maintain the operations of the schools. However, the schools were not always teaching adult education but were surreptitiously teaching the old about human rights, democracy and political studies. The purpose was to create awareness for as many people as possible in order to have large masses for the civil rights movements. SCLC’s activities SCLC employed social actions to compel leaders who practiced segregation to stop. The actions were like the extensive protest in opposition to segregation in Albany. Others were protest campaigns in Birmingham. The Birmingham protest was a success as thousands of school children boycotted classes to go and join the campaign. There was a lot of police brutality and excessive use of force that led to public outrage. The federal government responded by dismantling hiring segregation and released Birmingham city’s protest inmates (Stewart et al, 2007). Other social activities were marches; the marches in Washington were pushing for civil rights legislation. The marches were successful though they were feared they could result in violence that did not take place. Black protestors would often be assaulted by white groups. SCLC followers would go and use public facilities that were being used by the whites as a way of protesting against racial segregation (Snow et al, 2004). Success of SCLC Social movements in most cases have high rates of success when pushing for a valid change. SCLC was highly successful in pursuance of its agenda of eliminating segregation of blacks. Their success was marked by the enactment of the 1964 civil rights Act and several court rulings in the favor of the blacks. Reference List Snow, D. A., Soule, S.A. & Kriesi. H. (2004). The Blackwell companion to social movements. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. Stewart, C. J., Smith, C. A., & Denton R. E (2007). Persuasion and social movements . (5 th Ed) Waveland Press.
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War and Poverty Connection in Developing Countries Research Paper Introduction For many years, poverty has been found to erupt in regions affected by war and vise versa. People from war torn regions have been found to languish in poverty with all their hopes lying in hands of well wishers (Hess, 2002, p. 12 ). It is from this experience that one poses a question on whether there is a connection between war and poverty. This paper aims at looking at the extent to which war and poverty are connected. Connection between war and poverty According to Abadie (2006, pp. 23-52), it has been identified that there is a strong relationship between poverty and war. Poverty in a specific society or country leads to weakening of the states security. For countries vulnerable to insurgents, poverty leads to such groups thriving. This is because law enforcing agency in such countries can not be able to effectively fund the machinery required to ensure that law and order is observed. Abadie posits that income par capita of any country acts as a determinant of its ability to manage its police, military and other administrative institutions. At times of poverty, everyone struggles to ensure that he or she gets his daily bread as well as providing for those depending on him. At such a time, one is determined to go an extra mile no matter what it costs to ensure that he achieves his objective. Consequently, people are found to violate the established rules in the name of trying to earn their living. Insecurity and war erupts during such times as people try to look for means of satisfying their needs. Conversely, Collier and Hoeffler (2002, pp. 22-32), asserts that war leads to poverty. The scholars claim that conflict and war in most nations have been found to exacerbate the rate of poverty in the affected nations. In their arguments, they have come up with two reasons that clearly give the relationship between war and poverty. Whenever war erupts in the country, its normal operations are adversely affected. It becomes difficult for people in the affected areas to continue with their normal economic activities. It becomes hard for such people to provide for their families as well as for the government to provide basic social amenities. Slowed economic growth in the affected country or region eventually leads to the affected society ending up in poverty. Another reason given by Collier and Hoeffler as they try to give the relationship between poverty and war is that war leads to all the public resources being used up in the attempt to bring to an end the war as well as saving the affected people. For instance, during the normalcy period, most countries spend limited resources on military preparedness. However, when war emerges, most of the resources are directed towards equipping the military with the necessary facilities. It becomes hard for the country to get enough resources to provide for all the required public amenities. Consequently, the public faces a deficiency in services offered by the state as most of its income is channeled to addressing matters to do with war. A review of Journal of Conflict Resolution by Hess Gregory D Hess uses data from 152 countries across the world to determine the relationship between war and poverty. When determining what leads to both internal and external conflicts within countries, recession was identified as one of the factors that trigger wars in different countries. This was reached upon by using Markov model of probability that explains the impacts of the switch from tranquility to war on state’s economy. It was identified that war and poverty are interdependent. Conclusion Poverty and war or conflict has been found to be closely interrelated with each leading to the other. Most of the developing countries that suffer from civil wars have been found to be incapacitated economic wise. On the other hand, countries with weak economies have occasionally suffered from conflict. Reference List Abadie, A. (2006). Poverty, Political Freedom, and the Roots of Terrorism, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings , 2006. Collier, P. & Hoeffler, A. (2002). On the Incidence of Civil War in Africa. Journal of Conflict Resolution , 46(1), pp. 22-32. Hess, D. (2002). The Temporal Links Between Conflict and Economic Activity. Journal of Conflict Resolution , 46(1), p. 12.
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The Dighton Rock Discovering Essay Dighton rock was discovered in river Massachusetts. In the year 1963, it was excavated for storage and later listed among the artifacts in the year 1980 (Hurstwic.org par. 23). Dighton rock is sandstone of about 40 tons. It is a six-sided slanting block, approximately 3.4m long, 1.5m high and 2.5m wide (Hurstwic.org par. 23). It is classified as an artifact due to the inscriptions found on one side of the rock. The rock has a crystalline, grey-brown appearance. Currently, the rock is located in Dighton museum in Massachusetts and can only be viewed on an appointment basis. The original place where it was found has been converted into a park open to the public (Department of Conservation and Recreation par. 1). This inscription dated back in the 17 th century. It has been classified as an important archeological tool. The inscriptions found on the stone are believed to have been made by the Indians according to the 17 th century American scholars (Hurstwic.org par. 24). Other scholars urge that this historical landmark is linked to Portuguese explorers who visited the Americus. The surface where the inscriptions are located has a trapezoidal countenance inclined at an angle. The stone was found inclined 70 degrees northwest, with the inscriptions oriented towards the waters of the bay (Hurstwic.org par. 24). The inscriptions found in the rock were identified to have originated from Portugal by an American scholar in the 20 th century. This scholar went ahead to suggest that the tool used to make the inscription to be bug-eyed aliens (Hurstwic.org par. 27). The evidence retrieved from the site back the theory suggested by the American scholar. There are many theories that have been put in place to try to explain the origin and meaning of the inscriptions (Massachusetts Historical Society par. 1). Currently, scholars have not adopted any theory as that can be used to explain the mystery surrounding the rock. Artists, on the other hand, have also come up with numerous arguments about the artistic nature of the rock leading to varied explanations about the origin of the art used to decorate the rock (Massachusetts Historical Society par. 10). The most credited explanation on who made the inscriptions goes to Rafn Carl C., the Secretary of the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries in Copenhagen in the year 1830 who linked the inscriptions on the rock to the Norse explorers who are believed to be among the earliest explorers to have reached North America (Hurstwic.org par. 28). The information available about Dighton Rock places it at the center of three important groups in American history (Department of Conservation and Recreation par. 1). These groups are the Portuguese, Indians, and the Norse. This proves that these three groups must have been among the earliest settlers of North America. All these groups of people are linked to this artifact proving that they might have something to do with the artifact or maybe they interacted at the time this artifact was made creating a link of all three groups to the artifact. This artifact can, therefore, be used in the development of American history. As a form of evidence, it can trace the origin of three of the ancient American settlers. Therefore, it is a significant archeological artifact that can be studied and used in explaining the cultural practices carried out by the ancient settlers of the Americas (Massachusetts Historical Society par. 9). The form of communication relayed by the inscriptions on the curving proves the existence of writing skills in the enceinte times. Besides, the message put in the inscriptions is linked to natives and explorers. The most important aspect of this rock is the rich history it carries and therefore, its use in historical studies enhances understanding of the past civilizations. Works Cited Department of Conservation and Recreation. Dighton Rock State Park . 2013. Web. Hurstwic.org. Dighton Rock in Berkley 2003 . Web. Massachusetts Historical Society. Seth Eastman on Dighton Rock . 2013. Web.
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Lame Deer, Seeker of Vision Essay (Critical Writing) Lame Deer narrates his quest for vision in a lonely vision pit for four days and four nights. The vision pit has no comfort. It is ramshackle sweat hut for rituals. Lame Deer has to deprive himself in order to receive a vision. When he enters the pit, he is a boy, but he must come out as a man after the rituals. Lame Deer receives a vision from an eagle and a strange voice with a message that he would be a medicine man. The rite of passage is common for native Indians of America. Lame Deer shows the readers the intricacies of the native Indians culture through exploring the cultural and spiritual values of a native medicine man. We learn that Indians receive different types of visions. There are those who receive visions to be clowns and perform their roles backward. The clowns also have spiritual roles, and Lame Deer jokes that they have power more than the atomic bomb. It is critical to note that Lame Deer receives his vision after the white culture had already infiltrated their native culture. Lame Deer gets a vision during a cultural clash between Native Americans and whites. The vision is symbolic. The white’s culture is a threat to the culture of the native (Peterson 2001). The Lame vision Deer received shows that not all elements of their culture will die. Lame Deer remains a medicine man according to his heritage in the changing society. The book reflects elements of the whites’ lifestyle, which is now part of the native Indians. Imagery and symbolism play a vital role in depict different cultures and rituals. Native Americans value nature as their sources of spiritual connections. They are deeply in touch with their environment. They try to understand all animals with their hearts. The natives use nature and symbols to derive the meaning of life. Lame Deer expresses how the natives posses deep spiritual connection to nature and the environment. They do not use their heads to comprehend life. Natives spend most of their time thinking about daily issues, which are part of spiritual connections. On the other hand, Lame Deer portrays the whites’ religion as artificial. The whites use manmade objects and symbols for spiritual purposes such as churches and bibles. The whites love of money has eroded the religious beliefs they posses. The book begins with an account of the religious vision in capturing the moments of colonialism and its effects on the native Indians’ religious beliefs and culture. For instance, Lame Deer express the negative influences of American cultures at Mt. Rushmore, which symbolically is holy ground. He shows Americans culture of love for money, non-spirituality, and the oppressive nature of their rules. Lame Deer attacks on American oppressive culture are right. However, he does not prescribe any solutions to native Indians who are facing oppression and cultural crisis. The book leaves the traditional culture of the native Indians to take its course (Erdoes and Deer, 1994). The alcohol and drinking sprees of Lame Deer further exposure to the negative ideals of Western values. The whites introduced alcohols to the native Indians. However, they did not teach them how to drink it. Consequently, Lame Deer lands into trouble during his long bender. The addictive nature of alcohol forces him to search for moonshine, which is poor in quality. Alcohol forced Lame Deer to steal, acquire illegal weapons, and finally land in jail. The whites’ culture serves to alienate and cause identity crisis among the natives. It is this alienation and loss of identity that frustrates the natives into a life of alcoholism. The natives try to blend the two cultures, but with no success. Eventually, the whites’ cultures prevail over the natives’ cultures. Works Cited Erdoes, Richard and Deer, John (Fire) Lame. Lame Deer: Seeker of Visions. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994. Print. Peterson, Robyn. Colonial & Postcolonial Literary Dialogues. New York: Hyperion Publishers, 2011. Print.
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Aspects of Nursing Informatics Self Evaluation Essay The last couple of decades has brought dramatic changes to all the industries and career fields due to the rapid development of the computer technologies. The field of nursing has not become an exception; it has seen dramatic changes enforced by the integration of informatics in the workplace. Today, nursing practitioners are expected to learn constantly to be able to embrace the latest innovations and provide medical care in a highly technological setting (Daniel & Oyetunde, 2013). In many cases, the process of integration of the information technologies can be complicated by multiple factors such as the lack of funding, lack of time required for the adjustments of the workplace, costs for the staff training, and the individual attitudes of the employees to the innovations. Speaking about my personal impression of the nursing information, I am going to be honest and admit that I consider myself a person who is not computer savvy. That is why, I have always found it challenging to learn how to operate digital devices, adopt new technological wonders, and grasp the new software. Since I am a nursing supervisor, my professional responsibilities involve a multitude of staff management practices along with numerous reports and policies. In other words, I could subdivide the scope of my duties as human resource management (communication with the staff, feedback provision, consultations, workload allocation, response to various professional situations) and organizational tasks (reports to my superiors, budget and expenditures monitoring, patient confidentiality matters). Most of these duties involve using a computer for the documentation or communication. In the past, I have noticed that using nursing informatics speeded up my work process and minimized the errors; also it ensured a better organization of documentation and an easier and faster communication opportunities. Attending this class and learning more about the nursing informatics has made its importance even more obvious. Even though I still struggle to master all the innovations, their use and impact have become much clearer to me. In addition to my reading, I challenged myself to do a research and find information about evidence-based practices involving the use of informatics in nursing. As I work with the nursing staff daily and need to organize their schedules and workloads, I found that many of the practices relying on the use of informatics are able to ensure a higher efficiency of operations. For instance, in the study by Cicolini et al. (2013), the researchers find that regular communication between nurses and the patients with hypertension within an email-based program helps the former to affect the patients’ lifestyles and diets and thus minimizing the risk of the hypertensive crisis. Moreover, LeBlanc (2012) describes the informatics-based education practice ensuring better medication safety for in-home administration in geriatrics. Finally, Ramundo (2012) offers using informatics for the operation optimization (namely, with the management of patient flow and bed occupation). All of these evidence-based practices demonstrate that a nursing management and the staff could benefit massively from the informatics application as it would significantly improve the efficiency of work without overloading the employees. I find that this is an extremely important benefit since nursing shortage always results in excessive workloads and in turn complicates the supervisor’s responsibility of finding a balance between the number of nurses available and the tasks that need to be accomplished. This imbalance is highly dangerous for both the nurses and the patients as it may result in medical errors. References Cicolini, G., Simonetti, V., Comparcini, D., Celiberti, I., Di Nicola, M., & Capasso, L., … Manzoli, L. (2014). Efficacy of a nurse-led email reminder program for cardiovascular prevention risk reduction in hypertensive patients: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies , 51 (6), 833-843. Daniel, G. O., & Oyetunde, M. O. Nursing informatics: A key to improving nursing practice in Nigeria. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 5 (5), 90-98. LeBlanc, R. G. (2012). Using an Evidence Based Practice Informatics Guided Medication Safety Intervention to Improve Medication Safety among Community Dwelling Older Adults. Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Capstone Projects. Paper 16 , 1-57. Web. Ramundo, D. New technologies to enhance nursing practice. Nursing Critical Care, 7 (3), 40-42.
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Classroom Management Practices Essay (Book Review) The Most Appealing Ideas Expressed by the Author The book titled “Best Classroom Management Practices for Reaching All Learners” was written by Randi Stone and presents a selection of multiple useful and very important practices for the successful classroom management. One of the best ideas of the author was to create a very comprehensible and easy to navigate outlay of the book. I enjoyed reading it due to the ease of the material presentation. Each chapter of the book is dedicated to a specific technique and begins with a vivid story of an educator facing challenges and addressing them with the help of a described classroom management strategy. Further, at the end of the chapter, the tips are provided for the readers to make sense of the material, memorize it better, and notice the key points. Each of the techniques can be named as an outstanding idea. In my personal opinion, chapter three contained the most appealing strategy that provided guidance as to the successful work with the challenging students. I believe that this aspect of an educator’s daily practice is one of the most important because successful teaching and learning are impossible in a classroom that lack discipline and focused atmosphere. Besides, any classroom has at least one student who disrupts the working process and prevents the other learners from grasping the material. It is critical for a teacher to be able to address the unwanted behaviors of the student and establish the desired order in the classroom in order to facilitate productive work and successful learning for the benefit of the children. The strategies for classroom management and work with the challenging students are outlined in a very clear manner and present a list of tips that can be easily applied by an educator. The Implications of the Ideas in the Book For me, as an educator, the book by Stone is a pure treasure because it does not only provide theories as to work with various types of classrooms, but offers practical guidance and advice illustrating it with the help of stories from the experiences of the practicing teachers. That way, the strategies are easy to use for any reader. The implication of the ideas in the book is that a teacher facing challenges related to classroom management may consult the book by Stone looking for answers and help and find useful tips that can be easily adjusted to the particular kinds of setting and classrooms. In other words, the book by Stone is a collection of great ideas helping the teachers improve their relationships with the students right away and establish discipline. Due to this book, classroom management, an issue that has been faced by thousands of teachers worldwide, is made easy to address. The author makes the techniques very easy to access and covers the most common problems of the educators of all sorts. As a result, the book is made universal, applicable to many situations, and suitable for most teachers and classrooms. The book implies that today, classroom management is no longer a challenge because the experience of generations of teachers has served to create a set of helpful practice and strategies for a purpose to eliminate the most common issues of the educators working with children. The Ideas of the Author That I Challenge All in all, the book by Stone is extremely valuable as a guidebook of a teacher regardless of the length of their professional experience and the depth of their knowledge. The materials and tips presented in the book are versatile and aimed at addressing very different situations related to classroom management. However, there is a particular technique that it would like to challenge. To be more precise, the technique comes from the first chapter of the book and relies on the use of artificial currency to monetize the interactions carried out in class. One the one hand, this strategy educated children about money, improves their math skills, and the ability to manage their budget. On the other hand, this strategy may be seen as a very pragmatic way to disseminate capitalism in its wrong and dangerous forms because the children may begin engaging in corruption and bribery and associate money with the activities and concepts that cannot and should not be sold (such as friendships and mutual help and support). Differently put, I see that the strategy involving class bucks can be rather helpful for decision making, critical thinking, and problem-solving. However, it is also a potential gate towards dangerous practices that children should not be learning and getting used to at such young age. I believe that this idea should be restricted and regulated by the teacher in a variety of ways in order to protect the children from the harmful side of money and capitalist interactions. Compared to all the other practices described in the book, this one seems particularly challenging in terms of supervision and monitoring.
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Word Craft in American Literature Essay Table of Contents 1. Craft 2. Phrases 3. Quotes 4. Works cited Craft Wolf uses the word craft to denote the kind of wit applied by writers by using words cleverly and cunningly to attract the reader. One thing about writers is that it does not matter what situation a text was written down, but rather how well the author is able to play around with words and come up with something that will either convince or confuse the readers. Each word has got its distinct meaning, and they are there to convey a message. However, despite people looking and reading the words and fully understanding their meanings, it is not always that they will end up heeding to the actual meanings of the words. This can be attributed to laxity in doing as per the words or it might be due to the ambiguity in meanings posed by the words. This comes because it is possible for a word to mean many possibilities. Phrases Craft is like a tool used by the writer to exonerate himself from the resulting actions as a result of people’s understanding of a word. It is possible to little the use of the words and still drives points home this is attained by incorporating sign language amid the use of words. An example is in rating movies, stars are used instead of words in ratings, one-star denote a good movie, while two stars denote a better one and that ascending tread. This makes literally work incorporating this, slimmer with more punch. New words are still being invented to describe something that can’ be described by the old English. Woolf says nowadays it’s easy enough to invent new words; this process is called springing to new lips whenever one sights a new sensation that can not be described using old language. This also calls for the writer to come up with weighty words that will surely befit the situation being described. Another way of being crafty is combining a series of words to come up with sentences and phrases that are exciting to read which also vividly describe the situation. In her work “The light House, Woof perfects that craft by coming up with moving descriptions of the happenings in the story. Quotes Wolf describes words as “The wildest, freest and most irresponsible and worst of all the most unteachable of all things, this is because words do not exist in written form but in people’s minds. Despite there being millions of words at times we find ourselves short of words.” Craftiness using words is a sure way of influencing things in the world, constitutions and other important world documents are in form of words; however, these are not the written words but the words that are stored in the individual’s mind. How well one is equipped with them and how crafty one can be, coin sentences, terms, and phrases that would make him gain advantage determine success to a greater length. After all, craftiness is only a question of finding the right words and putting them in the right order. (Cane 2007, 1) Crafty writing is a combination of thoughtful writing and technical competence; this way the writer entertains a well as conveys the message. Technical competence is achieved by the use of linguistic styles that sweeten the language using simple clear grammar. Ideas should be brought out in a way that they resonate in the mind of the reader, here the choice of words especially those with the greatest impact is of paramount importance. (Epstein 2007 1) Works cited Cane, William. Crafty writing styles . What you can learn from other writers. 2007. Web. Epstein, Alex. Crafty TV writing . Thinking inside the Box. 2005. Web.
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Entrepreneurship Value Strategy Coursework Value Strategy Many entrepreneurs consider the development of a value strategy a key issue in justifying the development of a particular business. The solution of several problems is of fundamental importance in supporting such a course of work. In particular, it is essential to determine at what level prices should be set and why this value should be dynamic but not static. The implementation of this strategy allows maintaining high consumer interest and, as a result, achieving stable profits. When setting the price level for certain products, any entrepreneur should take into account that this variable can change within certain limits. Its minimum level is determined by the costs of production and sales of products: the price should reimburse these costs and provide some profit. Its maximum level depends on the emerging consumer demand in the market. As Green and Katz (2017) argue, “central to lean business practices is being close to your customer;” therefore, the interest of the target audience is to be taken into account (p. 165). The specific price level is set in accordance with the goals of the business and the competition prevailing in the market. The neutral pricing strategy may be an effective way of creating a successful business. Given all these criteria, it will be easier to achieve stable consumer interest and profits. Benefits of the Value Proposition The neutral pricing strategy is applicable at all phases of work except decline and is typical for start-up businesses when profits are determined as a key success factor. This principle of operation is considered fair since it does not lead to the emergence of new competitors, does not allow firms to profit at the expense of buyers, and makes it possible to obtain a fair return on invested capital. Priem, Wenzel, and Koch (2018) give an example of such a strategy and note that it allows the target audience to “retain some consumer surplus,” which, in turn, has a positive effect on the evaluation of a certain business. Moreover, this type of business activity leaves some space for growth, and the seller can use different methods and ways of attracting customers in the future. This dynamic and safe scheme of work may be a significant advantage in organizing an individual business due to its neutrality and the absence of aggressive activities in relation to competitors. Faith in an Entrepreneurial Start-Up as a Contribution to the Value Proposition Even from a biblical point of view, faith in an entrepreneurial start-up is a valuable resource and contribution to the value proposition. Based on religious concepts, it is possible to achieve the recognition of the target market and become an honest seller who does not violate the law and offers only high-quality goods. Encouraging entrepreneurship is often considered in the context of biblical passages, and, as Higginson and Robertshaw (2017) remark, “even in Silicon Valley, the church plays a big role” (p. 47). Business activities are not condemned; on the contrary, incentives for productive work are mentioned in the Scripture. In particular, Higginson and Robertshaw (2017) cite a passage in the Bible that says: “be fruitful and multiply” (p. 47). This principle may be regarded as a call for active work on attracting people. Neutral pricing is not a violation of either entrepreneurial or religious canons. Therefore, this strategy can be considered successful, and faith in a particular start-up should be an integral part of work. References Green, R. P., & Katz, J. (2017). Loose leaf entrepreneurial small business (5th ed.). London, UK: McGraw-Hill Education. Higginson, R., & Robertshaw, K. (2017). A voice to be heard: Christian entrepreneurs living out their faith . London, UK: Inter-Varsity Press. Priem, R. L., Wenzel, M., & Koch, J. (2018). Demand-side strategy and business models: Putting value creation for consumers center stage. Long Range Planning , 51 (1), 22-31.
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The small group even goes further to dominate the culture of the larger group. In recent times, assimilation has changed to ethnic pluralism. Ethnic pluralism arises where immigrants from different racial and ethnic groups live together peacefully. Trans-nationalism, on the other hand, occurs where immigrants move from one country to another. All these activities and movements between any two countries explain the meaning of trans-nationalism. In this case, the immigrants do not have a permanent settlement in the host country. There are different kinds of trans-nationalism, which include political, migrant and economic trans-nationalism. Migrant trans-nationalism is the one in which the migrating persons retain the social ties they had with the country of origin. Political trans-nationalism occurs where the immigrants can freely engage in political affairs in both the country of origin and destination. Economic trans-nationalism occurs where the immigrants can engage in economic matters of the home country as well as those of the destination country. In this case, there are close relations between the immigrants in the home and the host country. They are even in a position to send money in their home country. The immigrants maintain continuous communication with the home country. Differences and similarities between assimilation, ethnic pluralism, and trans-nationalism for immigrants Assimilation and trans-nationalism differ in some respects. In the case of assimilation, the immigrants dominate the culture of the superior group that assimilates them. In the case of Trans-nationalism, the immigrants do not embrace the culture of the host country, but they engage in some of its political and social affairs. Ethnic, national, professional, and social class identities are the common types of identity assumed by the immigrants. This is different from assimilation because there are no classes of identity in assimilation and ethnic pluralism. Another notable difference is that, in assimilation, the immigrants lose their identity, and become part of the culture of the host country. In both ethnic pluralism and trans-nationalism, the immigrants do not lose their identity. Assimilation occurs in a host country, but trans-nationalism occurs across borders of different countries. In assimilation, there are no close ties between the host country and the immigrants. In ethnic pluralism and trans-nationalism, the ties exist. In some types of assimilation, the immigrants do not become socially and culturally assimilated, and hence they get marginalized. This is not the case in ethnic pluralism and trans-nationalism. In assimilation, the immigrants become part and parcel socially and in culture. In trans-nationalism, the immigrants can participate freely in politics and economic affairs of the home country. All these three kinds of immigration have one thing in common. They all refer to the coexistence among immigrants. Trans-nationalism and ethnic pluralism are similar in some ways. In both, immigrants are not restricted from repatriating their wealth to the country of origin. Conclusion The best way to migrate and become exactly like the citizens of the host country is assimilation. Immigrants should become part and parcel of that country. It promotes integration. When immigrants get assimilated in to the host country, they do not even have to bother to repatriate their wealth to the home country. They become part of the culture of the host country, and they embrace it as their own.
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Disability and Diversity in the Workplace Case Study Moore and Martin (2011) provide an illustration of challenges individuals with disabilities face in the USA. Politicians, officials, and business people claim they are committed to achieving the heist level of diversity. Nonetheless, people with disabilities are one of the most vulnerable groups who are often ignored and neglected. It is reported that almost 70% of people with disabilities were unemployed in 2009 (Moore & Martin, 2011). Clearly, this trend has to be changed. Luckily, a number of organizations focus on the needs of disabled persons and their needs. For instance, the American Association of People with Disabilities is a non-profit organization that concentrates on the rights of people with disabilities. These people can address the organization for consultancy services as well as assistance in their fight for their rights. The Arizona Bridge to Independent Living is a national non-profit corporation that provides a variety of services for people with disabilities. The services include (but are not confined to) peer support, instructions on independent living skills, home modification, and self-advocacy. The Protection and Advocacy System is a national network of agencies that provide people with disabilities with consultancy services and assistance in accessing equal rights in public services as well as employment opportunities. Hire Heroes USA is a non-profit organization that provided services to veterans with disabilities aimed at assisting these people in landing good jobs. The National Organization on Disability is a national non-profit organization that concentrates on all aspects of the life of people with physical or mental impairment. Apart from organizations working on providing services and support to people with disabilities, there are organizations concentrating on the development and provision of technology services to people with mental and physical impairments. For instance, the Alliance for Technology Access is a national non-profit organization that provides services and technology to help people with disabilities to accommodate the home, work environment with a specific focus on communication technologies. Interestingly, apart from providing services directly to people with disabilities, the American Foundation for the Blind collaborates with companies producing technologies for people with sight impairments to make their products more accessible. The Center for Accessible Technology is an organization that focuses on the use of computer technology by people with disabilities. The organization provides consultancy services to people with disabilities as well as companies that want to achieve true diversity by employing people with physical or mental impairments. The Infinite Potential Through Technology (also referred to as Infinitec) is an association focusing on providing services to increase access to technology for children with learning disabilities. The International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication is an organization that concentrates on promoting innovations in technology aimed at improving the quality of life of people with speech impairments. As seen from the case of Dr. Edwards, technology may help people with disabilities improve the quality of their life as the qualified educator was able to teach online as well as with the help of a voice synthesizer (Moore & Martin, 2011). Apart from voice synthesizers, a variety of devices can help people with disabilities to help them feel comfortable and complete their tasks at the working place. For instance, a keyguard can be a way-out for people who have issues with coordination as this device helps them strike the necessary key. Computer technology assists greatly. Thus, speech output systems can be used by people with sight impairments, and Braille keyboards are available to them to type. Reference List Moore, M.E., & Martin, C.L. (2011). Professor on wheels: A case of disability and diversity. In C. Harvey & M. Allard (Eds.), Understanding and managing diversity (pp. 158-165). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
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Personal and Social Psychology in Modern Community Essay Psychology is a fascinating subject all together and it offers many courses which explore different corners and different aspects of the human mind. In the modern context, psychology is getting much more important than ever. So psychologists have a huge responsibility in today’s socio-economical situation. In the age of globalization, professional pressures are growing immensely, so people have to seek psychological help in some times of their life to stay mentally fit in the course of life (Weiner, Freedheim, Millon and Lerner, 2003). A psychologist has to analyze different aspects and all the patients have many angles in them. Generally these views are dominated by the different factors like the thought stream of the psychologist, his cultural and social point-of-view, his interpretation of the facts and other factors contribute to the analysis. The basic knowledge of psychology will help a psychologist to look into the vast aspects of the job and will surely rationalize the mind too. Generally people have to learn how to apply psychology in everyday lives. We can discuss some very simple steps for this action (Bandura, 2006). * One has to be motivated always. * One has to improve his communication skills and also how he interacts with others * After one becomes a good communicator, one also has to be a good listener too. * Decision making ability is one of the most important aspects in this case. * And finally one has to improve his memory so that he does not forget the small details (Weiner, Freedheim, Millon and Learner, 2003). From a general angle, we can say that if used with fine nuances, counseling can be really effective if the psychologist has some knowledge of human psychology and then the reports can really go much more deeper into a subject. The study that discusses the relation between people and groups is called social psychology. The main approach to the study is to focus on an individual and how the individual is totally influenced by factors like other people, and social institutions (Weiner, Freedheim, Millon and Lerner, 2003). Here we can mention in accordance to Myers (2006) that “…we are social animals. We may assume the best or the worst in others. We may approach them with closed fists or open arms” (Myers, 2006). The catastrophic events of recent times, like 9/11 and other devastating terrorist acts all over the World have only reunited all the peace loving people, whether their age, cast or creed is. And it is the biggest example of social psychology seen in recent times. The attitude of a people towards life can surely affect his or her actions according to social psychology. And factors like the situation can only contribute to the situation some more. A person has multiple roles in everyday lives and this sometimes affects the psychology of the person too. Along with all these factors other factors like conformity; obedience etc can be essential factors in social psychology too (Weiner, Freedheim, Millon and Lerner, 2003). In the final analysis, social psychology is an ever expanding subject and as the human civilization develops, it will also develop along. But as the basic emotions of a human generally remain the same the social psychologists must focus on those basic emotions to ensure maximum result in the field. References 1. Bandura, A. (2006). Social learning theory . Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 2. Myers, DG. (2006). Psychology in Everyday Life . NY: Worth Publishers. 3. Weiner, I., Freedheim, D., Millon, T., Learner, M. (2003). Handbook of psychology: personality and social psychology . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley & Sons.
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“Make Communication Your Business” by James Shaffer Case Study Communication plays a significant role in the performance of any business irrespective of the industry within which it operates (Snyder 3). James Shaffer, in his article “Make Communication Your Business,” explores the subject of communication in business, highlighting its significance in the success of any business. Shaffer acknowledges the impact that communication professionals can have in bringing about change that will lead to improved performance in business. Various communication professionals in top corporate positions lend their support to the importance of closing communication gaps, often alluding to instances where such practice has helped immense record success has helped their organizations achieve greater efficiency and better performance. However, one cannot achieve the desired outcome of effective communication immediately. The process of achieving desirable business performance takes time and involves several steps as opposed to it being a one-off activity. The first step is the timely involvement of the leaders. The management’s support in this endeavor is crucial as it is a determinant of its success. Second, is to present to the company’s leadership the value proposition early enough, which will mean immediate recognition of the challenge and an exploration of the plausible solution (Shaffer 24). The proposal should show the value that you intend to add to the company and its clients while highlighting the items that you will change versus those that will remain constant. In his article, Shaffer samples feedback from one of his firm’s customers who opined that the communication would only handle work that props up the communication skills of leaders increases the impact that execution of strategy has, brings about early wins in areas identified as having high impact and has improved return on investment. According to the client, the communication would not do work that is immeasurable, fails to alter people’s work culture in a way that offers improved results, is a one-off work, and has no connection with strategy execution. From the list, the customer was able to prioritize items. The third step in the process of achieving success with effective formal communication is to carry out a value-to-cost assessment. The assessment will enable measuring the ability of different communication activities to help people in bettering their work. A survey of the effectiveness of the communication processes using employee and client feedback can help one understand the role that the changes introduced to play in the overall success of the business. The communication professional can then make use of the information gathered to rank the various activities in order of importance while comparing the items with the cost of their implementation (Shaffer 25). With such analysis, one can tell whether or not they may be overspending on any of the initiatives. One can then move on to the assessment of communication capabilities as the fourth step. Just as Shaffer, I believe that it is essential to determine how good one is in executing a strategy as this will help in determining the right approaches to solving the problem. The fifth step involves ensuring that one measures the right things. Emphasis should be on outcomes. If, for instance, if an organization’s key performance indicators include quality, productivity, and delivery, then they should be or at least inform the communication goals. The sixth stage is the development of the appropriate infrastructure that will support the communication initiative under implementation (Shaffer 26). The big question is on what you are trying to achieve compared to what you need as such. With the questions answered, one now needs to be willing to start small. An overhaul of the communication can appear to be an enormous task. The best thing to do is begin by focusing on smaller parts or departments before replicating the same and applying efforts to the rest of the organization. Another area of interest is the high priority areas. There are criteria that one can use to identify the best group. One is that the group is of value to the organization. Second, it has robust leadership and that the group operates below capacity. Another important factor is that the identified group members have the ability to determine the outcomes. The final step would be to bring on board the new way. Apparently, the process of achieving desirable business performance takes time and involves several steps as opposed to it being a one-off activity. The first step is the prompt involvement of the organizational leaders. The second phase entails the presentation of the value proposition early enough, which will mean timely recognition of the challenge and an exploration of the possible solution. Step three is in the in the process of achieving the intended objectives of effective formal communication is carrying out a value-to-cost analysis. One can then move on to the fourth step involving the assessment of communication capabilities. The fifth step entails ensuring measurement the relevant things. Sixth: the development of the infrastructure that is necessary to support the communication initiative under implementation. One then needs to start small. The final step would be to bring on board the new way. There is a need for communication professionals to be willing to consider the implementation of better communication for improved organizational performance. Works Cited Shaffer, James. CW Make Communication Your Business, 2013, Web. Snyder, Jason. Today’s Business Communication: A How-To Guide For The Modern Professional . Business Expert Press, 2014.
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During major Super Bowl tournaments, it is necessary to tighten the security in order to ensure that all the attendants are safe. As a member of the security team at New Orleans, it is our responsibility to ensure that people are protected from any form of harm. It is only through this security assurance that the public will be convinced that they are safe whenever they attend major sporting events in this country. In order to offer effective security services to the attendants, it is necessary to identify specific segments prone to attacks and identify a unit within the team that will be responsible for managing security in those segments. Risk Assessment The security team will be working in different areas to ensure that all the people present in this game are safe. Our team will be responsible for offering security to the Halftime Entertainer in this game. In order to know the best strategy that can be used to offer security, it is necessary to identify the threats that may occur during this event. The following are some of the possible industrial risks that the team will be keen to identify and eliminate as soon as they are detected. Terror attack One of the possible attacks that this team will be keen to identify and neutralize is terror attack. Terrorists are now targeting public places to unleash their horror because they consider them soft targets. In order to manage this threat, this team will use drones to monitor any suspicious moves within and outside the arena. The team will also coordinate with an antiterrorism police squad to respond to any threat swiftly. Cyber attack Cyber attack is another possible security problem that the entertainer may face in this event. As Miller (2002) says, some of the terrorists have become technologically empowered. They have the capacity to interfere with the entire entertainment system, making it impossible to proceed with the program. To counter such a problem, our team will work with the entertainer to ensure that there is a backup system just in case the main system is breached. The security team will also work with the entertainer in any area that may help limit the possibility of criminals interfering with the system. Unmanageable crowds Rowdy and unmanageable crowds may be the biggest threat that the entertainer may face during this event. According to Chaker (2004), during major sports events, large crowds are the major threats that should not be ignored, especially when they get agitated. They can attack the entertainment system for various reasons. This is very common when the supporters of a losing team develop a feeling that the referee was not fair. To manage such eventualities, our team will develop a rapid response unit to help bring order. This team will work together with the police officers. Electric power manipulation Sometimes the entertainer may be sabotaged by criminals or ill-minded individuals through interruption of the power system. Our team will have officers at strategic locations within the venue to protect the power system, including the backup power. Conclusion It may not be possible to precisely identify possible threats that may occur in this system. However, the threats mentioned above may have a devastating impact if they occur. That is why strategies have been put in place to help in managing them. References Chaker, A. (2004). Good governance in sport: A European survey . Strasbourg: MacMillan Publishers. Miller, D. (2002). Terrorism: Are we ready . Huntington: Nova Science.
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Identification Cards System Understanding Essay Introduction Invasion of privacy is one of the issues that have taken center stage in the 21st century. This has mostly been a result of the technological advances, which have meant that invading individual privacy by the government is feasible. A particularly contentious issue with regard to privacy in the U.S. is the introduction of a uniform identification process using the ID card system. While proponents of the same see it as a means to help curb crime, opponents see it as the first step to the formation of a police state. This paper shall compare and contrast the ideas expressed by Alan Ehrenhalt in his essay “The Misguided Zeal of the Privacy Lobby” with the ideas of Barbara Dority in her essay “Halt and Show Your Papers! Identification Cards Definition Ehrenhalt’s main argument is that in these modern times, privacy is overrated, and people are privacy obsessed and therefore refuse to see the advantages that the ID cards would bring to the U.S. Ehrenhalt further accuses the majority of the public of overreacting and branding the ID card as a tool for transforming our democratic state into a totalitarian one without any real evidence. Dority, on the other hand, claims that ID cards would indeed the precursor to our country becoming a totalitarian one. She indicates that individuals are not wary enough of the risk to their privacy that ID cards hold, and as such, there is a likelihood that the ID card system may become a reality with negative repercussions on our privacy as citizens. A major difference between the two authors is that while Ehrenhalt insists that people are overreacting when they claim that a national ID would result in privacy invasion, Dority asserts that the threat of national ID presents the greatest threat to personal freedom in U.S. history. Ehrenhalt argues that it is paranoid to assume that the ID system will result in a police state since there is little connection between ID cards and democracy or dictatorship. Dority, on the other hand, declares that the ID card system will inevitably result in an increase in police power, therefore leading to the dreaded Orwellian society. Another difference that is evident in the two essays is the perception of the two authors as to the usefulness of the ID system. While Ehrenhalt hails the ID card system as the means through which the federal government will save billions, Dority derides it as an expensive enterprise whose real benefits are non-existent. Ehrenhalt articulates that the government losses up to $5 billion in tax losses from fake identities. Dority, on the other hand, reveals that ID cards will cost the U.S. $3billion to implement with few benefits accrued. However, there are issues on which Ehrenhalt and Dority agree in their respective essays. Both authors agree that privacy invasion by the government is a very real threat. Ehrenhalt admits that governments such as the German Nazi and the KGB collected data on citizens and used it for oppressive purposes. Dority, on the other hand, declares that by letting the government have an individual’s detailed information through the ID system, it will be easier for the country to be turned into a police state. Conclusion This essay set out to compare the essay by Ehrenhalt and Dority so as to highlight their similarities and differences. From the discussion presented herein, it is clear that the two essays both support different stances on the ID card issue. This essay has articulated Ehrenhalt’s reasons for supporting the ID card system as well as Dority’s reasons for denouncing the implementation of the same in the U.S. This paper has also shown that despite their different opinions, both authors agree that individual privacy is important.
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