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The idea was discovered when many of the banks and insurance companies found it less profitable to invest their money in particular areas within the US, to keep it simple and clear there were red lines drawn on the map to point out those areas in which the financial services were not supposed to be offered up to the mark. It was usually limited to the mortgaging as a result the property value dropped and many of the owners had to abandon their properties. Many claim that this is a kind of environmental racism that has affected the health of ethnic minorities. Red-lining is believed to be practiced not only in mortgaging but also in the retailing business, credit cards, and general insurance. To prevent red-lining, the US government passed the fair housing act of 1968. Gentrification: Is a means to promote a society that is perhaps having a lower income and is by no means able to live a luxurious life. The concept of gentrification is well implemented in the urban regions where there is a class system. Communities that are living in less valuable properties try to refurbish their properties and the value of the properties naturally increases. It is believed that the owners of the very same properties may not be able to buy them had they not purchased them before they became valuable. This increase in property value brings many other issues with it; one is related to the taxation as owners are now obliged to pay more tax due to more value of their properties. The rents also rise in such areas where gentrification is practiced by communities. It is also believed by many that gentrification in an area naturally decreases the crime rate; however, the modern-day argument says that the crime rate does not decline but shifts from a gentrified area to another. Exclusionary Zoning: Is about the development of large houses in a town or city that may occupy a lot of space due to which other people living in the society or locality might be affected. It is again believed that exclusionary zoning is an environmental issue as firstly due to the large occupied area by a family, the level of waste generated can expected to be more than that of a family living in a small house. This also has to do with air and water pollution. Secondly, it may affect other people of the society (usually ethnic minorities) by restraining their movement and so it affects their quality of life. Inclusionary Zoning: This is more about developing affordable properties. It is pretty much linked to gentrification but here the build houses are offered to the general public (with possibly low income) at lower prices. This brings various other issues as the government works to provide homes whereas the builders might have their own interests. Few controversies against inclusionary zoning suggest that people may buy homes at cheaper rates but there is no guarantee that they would later keep it to themselves as they can sell it to have profit, the government should therefore sell houses on a long-term lease basis so that such thing does not happen. Inclusionary zoning is practiced widely in the US and according to estimates, somewhat around 200 communities are being facilitated by the government with the help of inclusionary zoning.
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Brief Description of the Medical Surge Concept Essay Medical Surge Definition Medical surge is the ability of a health care organization to provide adequate medical evaluation and sufficient medical care to victims of public health disasters. Public health disasters can result from both natural and human-made causes (Clements & Casani, 2016). Examples of natural disasters include floods, earthquakes, and pandemic influenza while human-made causes include explosions, exposure from ionization radiation sources, and bioterrorism attacks. Public health disasters surpass the established limits of medical infrastructure in the affected region. Therefore, medical surge seeks to establish a framework for healthcare providers and medical institutions to survive the effects of a public health disaster and to maintain or recover compromised operations quickly. Through medical surge, the healthcare institutions can obtain medical system resiliency which is the survival of a hazard impact and the maintenance or rapid recovery of compromised operations. Medical Surge Capacity Medical surge capacity refers to the ability of healthcare facilities to evaluate and provide the necessary medical care to a significant number of patients particularly above its ordinary performance operations (“The MSCC Management System,” 2020). The evaluation and care provided to patients include laboratory studies and extensive epidemiological investigations. It is not necessarily confined to direct patient care. In cases of a pandemic caused by an outbreak of a new infection, for example, the health care workers have to conduct widespread investigations to determine the appropriate prevention and treatment procedures. Since medical surge capacity has a direct relation to the number of patients, physical resources such as personnel, hospital beds, supplies, and equipment have to be considered. The existing assets have to be tested against various elements such as identification of the medical need, identification of the resources required to address the needs in a timely manner, moving the resources quickly to places where they are required, and supporting and managing the resources to their maximum output capacity. In most occasions, the available resources are not sufficient to cater to the needs of all the patients seeking medical attention. Therefore, additional resources have to be sought such as state intervention, standby resources, and federal aid. However, the facilities have to ensure they maximize the available resources before integrating other products. Medical Surge Capability Medical surge capability is the ability of healthcare organizations to manage patients who need unusual or specialized medical care and evaluation. Medical surge provides a variety of specialized medical services such as personnel, information, expertise, equipment, and procedures. The medical services needed are not normally available where they are required. For example, the need for specialized pediatric care provided in non-pediatric facilities. Medical surge capability also involves the integration of special intervention methods to protect healthcare providers, other patients, and the reputation of the healthcare facility. The interventions are instituted against patients with severe and highly communicable illnesses. MSCC System The MSCC is an abbreviation for medical surge capacity and capability. It is a system instituted in healthcare facilities to meet patient needs that challenge or surpass the ordinary operational activities of the facility while preserving the quality of its care and the integrity of the healthcare system. Through MSCC, healthcare organizations and adequately utilize their existing resources and then obtain external help in an efficient and timely manner. In that case, the facilities can move from the baseline medical capacity and capability to the incident medical surge capacity and capability and then return to the baseline. The incident MSCC facilitates the ability of the organization to address the needs of catastrophic situations that cause public health disasters. It incorporates timely and primary strategies for emergency interventions at the local level. The MSCC system bridges the public and the private gap as it is used to obtain help from the federal government or privately owned medical assets (“The MSCC Management System,” 2020) MSCC System The MSCC System provides six tier levels of emergency response and recovery. 1. Tier 1 – Management of individual healthcare assets 2. Tier 2 – Management of the healthcare coalition 3. Tier 3 – Jurisdiction Incident management 4. Tier 4 – Management of state response and coordination of interstate jurisdictions 5. Tier 5 – Interstate regional management coordination 6. Tier 6 – Federal support to state, tribal, and jurisdiction management How the MSCC System relates to ICS The MSCC system involves four processes whereby mitigation reduces or prevents the likelihood of the occurrence of a hazard, preparedness entails capacity and capability approaches for medical resiliency, response activities are taken in anticipation of an event or immediately it has happened while recovery activities are restorative to return the community to its initial state before the catastrophic event struck. ICS provides the necessary guidelines on how to organize assets to respond to an event and the necessary measures to manage the response through its respective stages (Jensen & Thompson, 2016). The management of the assets is in relation to various functions of the assets. Through command, the overall response is provided, operations integrate various strategies to achieve the goals set at the command level, logistics provides facilities, personnel, and supplies, planning section outlines the key plans to be followed as well as tracking the resources provided and the finance, also called the administration element, supports ICS through regulatory compliance and financial reimbursement. References Clements, B. W., & Casani, J. (2016). Disasters and public health: Planning and response (2 nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. Jensen, J., & Thompson, S. (2016). The incident command system: A literature review. Disasters , 40 (1), 158-182. The MSCC Management System . (2020).
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Introduction 2. Comparison between the Press Report and the Research Paper 3. Conclusion 4. Reference List Introduction Press reporting has increasingly led to misrepresentation of sexuality matters. Presentation of sexual matters to the public should be done with cautiousness to ensure reliability and appropriateness. The accuracy of the press reporting is based on a concise analysis of a previous sexuality study. An overview of the press article, ‘The Eyes Have It: Sex and Sexual Orientation Differences in Pupil Dilation Patterns’, unveils that the sexuality research paper provides detailed explanation about how different pupil dilation patterns result in different sexual orientations. This essay provides a comparison of the press article and a sexuality research report with a view of assessing the article’s presentation of sexuality information to the public. Comparison between the Press Report and the Research Paper The press report provides a brief summary about the sexuality research. The report highlights the key merits of the new method of testing sexual orientation. The press article report presents the reader with the key issues and findings of the research as per the research paper. The researchers’ comments about the sexuality research findings are accurately presented in the press report. This organization has enhanced the accuracy and authenticity of the press article. Rieger, Savin-Williams, and Kemp (2012) reveal that the primary purpose of the research was to determine an alternative measure to point out sexual orientation without invasiveness. This statement shows that the press report is based on facts that have been drawn from the research paper; hence, it is reliable. The press article provides an exact piece of sexuality information as evidenced in the corresponding research paper. However, it only emphasizes on a few areas of the research article. If a detailed analysis of the research article was conducted, more information about sexuality can be provided in the press report to improve the reader’s understanding of the new study. For instance, the press report neither provides the number of participants who undertook the research study nor the methods that were used to select the participants (Bryner, 2012). Although the press report provides sexuality details as per the research paper, it does not show how different factors and conditions affect the research results. The researchers have clearly elaborated these details in the research paper. For instance, the pupil is susceptible to dilation because of other external factors other than the intended arousing stimuli. However, the press report does not provide this piece of information (Rieger & Williams, 2012). In the press article, Bryner (2012) reveals that pupil dilation is an emerging issue that concerns bisexual men in the new study. This information is important since it provides new knowledge that pertains to sexuality. Consequently, the press article is informative, as it has provided an overview of every new finding that is available in the research paper. Conclusion From the above comparison between the press report and the corresponding research paper, it is evident that the press report provides an exact analysis of the research article. However, the report contains summarized and generalized comments about the research findings. It only mentions the key findings about sex and sexuality. Although the press report provides the reader with clear information as per the findings in the research paper, there is a need to include ideas that are more important to improve clarity and reliability of the article; hence, improve the reading experience of the audience. Reference List Bryner, J. (2012). Study: Homophobes May Be Hidden Homosexuals . Rieger, G., Savin-Williams, R., & Kemp, A. (2012). The Eyes Have It: Sex and Sexual Orientation Differences in Pupil Dilation Patterns. PLoS ONE , 7 (8), pp. 1-10.
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However, the federal control of SOEs may have adverse repercussions due to two primary reasons. First, the government stake leads to the administration of various political objectives or the curtailing of the extent of state financial backing and its role as the “grabbing hand” (Shleifer and Vishny, 1997; Durnev and Fauver, 2009). Political influences can sink the risk-adjusted outcomes of state-owned enterprises, resulting in larger debt since a firm’s profitability directly affects the capacity to reimburse its creditors (Borisova et al., 2015). Second, the definite assurances by the government provide stakeholders and managers with more opportunity for risk-taking while public funds are available to prevent the firm from bankruptcy, but can also create a moral hazard when such conduct leads to adverse outcomes (Stiglitz et al., 1993). Iannotta, Nocera, and Sironi (2013), as well as Gropp, Gruendl, and Guettler (2014), all state that as a result of this status quo, it is expected that managers of government-backed firms are engaged in higher degrees of financial risk-taking, which impact on a company’s performance and indirectly influences the levels of debt. The issue of moral hazards is further exacerbated by inconsistent monitoring since government agencies lack either the motivation or competence (possibly as a result of political designations) to oversee the management appropriately(Borisova et al., 2012). As a consequence, such enterprises rely on larger loans from state-owned banks, which generally have higher penalties for defaults. Several contingencies of corporate governance legislation in GCC countries are implemented on a symbolic level to integrate with the regulatory climate, including avoidance of engaging in cumulative voting in the majority of the listed firms (Alamri, 2016).
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Alan Lomax and his Contribution to Folk Music Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Alan’s folk music convictions 3. Analysis 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction Alan Lomax collected and preserved folk music related to different cultures. He got his inspiration from his father- John Lomax who was also a folklorist. He carried out this work for six decades; traveling widely in the United States, Spain, the Caribbean, Great Britain, Italy, and Ireland. His contribution to the Archive of American Folk Song was great placing it among the best music resources in the world. His collection included recordings of storytellers, singers and instrumentalists. Lomax’s love for ethnomusicology was also revealed in his books on music, radio shows hosted in both CBS and the BBC and his New York concert series, The Midnight Special. He has incredibly contributed to the preservation of music, especially classic folk, and introduced a couple of artists to the music industry. His materials, in the custody of Archive of American Folk Song, are deemed one of the best cultural music collections in the whole world (Mahar 1). Alan’s folk music convictions Lomax believed that human continuity and adaptation were a result of cultural and folklore existence. Due to this end, he was determined to advocate for the use, enjoyment as well as scientific study of culture through folklore preservation. He thus established a platform for the same in the Association for Cultural Equity (ACE) that is presently under the leadership of his daughter in New York. In addition to these convictions, Alan was of the idea that folk music is a mystery outside its production context and that folk music is dynamic in order to accommodate cultural and social changes of its background (Wadey 1). Analysis A closer look at the accomplishments made by Lomax makes one doubt his conviction that music folk music is only applicable and understandable within the context of its background. If his conviction is true, then preservation does not make sense. His music was collected from several backgrounds and cultures and thus if folk music can only be understood in its cultural background, most of his collections are somehow useless. With this argument, either his convictions were deceiving or he was just being involved in folklore taxidermy. That is a collection of folklore works of art that are not as useful as they seem to be. Still, he believed that folk music is dynamic with changes that exhibit cultural and social changes in society. If this is the case, doesn’t his collection have the risk of becoming archaic with time? What was the point of collecting these works if they are changing constantly? Thus his method of collecting folklore from all over the world is deeply in conflict with his beliefs. In a nutshell, his beliefs were correct and his method and results of collecting folklore were amazingly significant but his convictions were slightly ambiguous (“The American Folklife Center” 1). Conclusion Although Alan Lomax’s convictions conflicted with his approach to the collection of these works of art, his collections have been and still are of great importance to the music industry and the study of ethnomusicology. His collection acts as a platform for the creation of folk music and gives reference materials for the study of ethnomusicology. His study also gave him a lot of opportunities. He had a chance to study different cultures, learn various folklore styles, interact with different people, and interact with the media. It is this wide musical experience that enabled him to write several music books. Works Cited Mahar, Meghan. “The Preservation of Folk and Documenting Change”, Block Magazine , 2006. Web. The American Folk life Center. “Alan Lomax Collection”, The Library of Congress , 2006. Web. Wadey, Paul. “Alan Lomax”. The Independent , 2002. Web.
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Kitchen Safety Assessment and Potential Corrections Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Refrigeration 3. Hygiene 4. Handling 5. Cooking 6. Safety 7. Corrections 8. References Introduction Kitchen safety is critical for every household or organization that handles and prepares food. In the kitchen, most accidents happen due to careless and insufficient safety and hygiene measures. For this report, I spent some time in my kitchen observing and reviewing the process of handling food to assess the level of food safety and the potential corrections I could make to improve it. Refrigeration As pointed out by the Food Safety and Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (2015), when it comes to the maintenance of food safety, a refrigerator is an essential piece of equipment whose primary function is to prevent the potentially dangerous bacteria from growing on the food. Most food products would be protected from getting spoiled at refrigeration temperatures below 40 F. In order to check this characteristic I placed my room thermometer into my fridge and found that the temperature it is set at is almost 43 F which is higher than the required minimum for the preservation of foods. Moreover, perishable food products are to be put in the fridge right after being used. All of my family members seem to be well-aware of this rule, and that is why dairy products and meat products go in the fridge immediately after being brought from a store and never sit at the counter for a long time. Hygiene The FDA (2016) emphasized the importance of hygiene in the kitchen; in particular, this requirement concerns the appliances used, the kitchen surfaces, and the people who are involved in the preparation and handling of the food products. When it comes to the personal hygiene, the FDA (2016) points out that individuals working in the kitchen should wash their hands before and after touching food for as long as twenty seconds under hot water and using soap. I must admit that this rule is not always followed in my kitchen; at times, I forget to place a new bar of soap when the old one runs out and use dish soap for washing hands, and sometimes I use cold water for handwashing. As for the kitchen surfaces, the FDA (2016) stressed that they need to be cleaned with soapy water after the preparation of each separate item of food. This requirement is rarely followed in my home; in the process of cooking, the counters are only wiped with a wet cloth after handling meat and fish products. The final cleaning and washing are done after the entire session of cooking. However, I sanitize my kitchen surfaces regularly using the specialized spray and paper towels. When it comes to washing food products, in my kitchen, most fruits and vegetables are thoroughly washed. For instance, oranges and grapefruits whose skins are not eaten are washed every time; however, bananas are not. I also wash eggs before placing them on any surfaces in the kitchen and wash my hands after handling eggs. The cans of the canned goods are not always washed before opening. Handling Raw, unwashed foods and cooked foods should not be mixed; also, the latter should not be placed on the unwashed surfaces and dishes ( Safety tips in the kitchen , n.d.). Separate carving boards should be used for the meat products. When handling leftovers, it is important to let the hot food chill to the room temperature before refrigerating them. When refrigerated, they should be placed in a clean container with lids or wrapped to avoid mix-up and cross-contamination ( Food safety tips for leftovers , 2011). All of these rules are adhered to in my kitchen; however, there is one that is not always followed. The FDA (2016) emphasize that frozen food should never be defrosted under room temperature, and I tend to defrost chicken that way quite often. Cooking There is a very specific set of criteria as to the temperatures under which different products should be cooked; according to this framework, poultry should be cooked under temperatures higher than those used to cook beef and pork ( Safe minimum cooking temperatures , 2016). I must admit that I do not always follow this advice and also sometimes cook chicken for a period that is not long enough. Safety Moreover, the rules of kitchen safety require cleaning the exhaust hood over the stove regularly and unplugging the electric countertop appliances when they are not in use ( Kitchen safety tips , 2016). As for the dishes and utensils, it is advised that the handles of the pots and pans on the stove be turned inwards so that they cannot be pushed off by accident. I often forget to follow this recommendation and also, I usually leave the appliances such as a toaster and an electric kettle plugged in when not in use. Corrections According to the review, I need to make corrections in most aspects of kitchen safety. Namely, I need to adjust my fridge to maintain a lower temperature, start cleaning the counters after each food item is prepared, and use paper towels instead of cloth for that. I also need to remember to unplug my countertop appliances. Finally, I need to purchase a food thermometer and measure the temperatures at which I am cooking meats and poultry. References FDA. (2016). Safe food handling: What you need to know . Web. Food Safety and Inspection Service. (2015). Refrigeration and food safety. Web. Food safety tips for leftovers . (2011). Web. Kitchen safety tips . (2016). Web. Safe minimum cooking temperatures . (2016). Web. Safety tips in the kitchen . (n.d.). Web.
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The research methodology was experimental in nature and involved three sets of experiments that aimed at measuring the effect the dependent variable (vocabulary instructions) has on the independent variables (word knowledge and reading comprehension). The participants were selected as follows: Experiment No. of participants Gender of participants Age of participants Selection criterion 1 12 Eight females and four males 9-10 years old Performance on a vocabulary screening test for “average” students. 2 6 Four 4 th and 5 th grade females and two 6 th grade males 10-13 years old Learning disabled students receiving instructions from a special education resource teacher. 3 10 fourth graders Six males and four females 10-12 years old Students attending a summer school program for children of economically deprived families. Design critique This was a controlled experiment in which the researchers designed the condition of the tasks and determined the level of instructions given, as well as the duration each task would take. Experiment 1 and 2 conditions focused on meanings from context, meanings given and meanings practiced. The experiments used an incomplete randomized block design to measure the variability of the established conditions. Experiment 3 a within subjects design was used. This design gave the participants the ability to act as their own control. Both designs were very effective in giving reliable results since they called for statistical analysis of the conditions, variables and treatments. In addition, the fact that the experimenters had more control over the experiments meant that the tools used would address specific aspects of the research problem and yield concise results. The findings from the three experiments can be supported by documented evidence related to this problem. As such, I agree with the results because they give statistical explanation for the theoretic researches that have been conducted and documented by other researchers seeking to find the relationship between the identified variables. In addition, the target population was heterogeneous, which means that it was carefully selected to adequately represent the larger population. This means that the findings could be used unanimously to solve similar predicaments. Classroom connections This research gives teachers dealing with students with learning and reading disabilities an opportunity to identify and cater for the specific needs for the students. The results from the experiments are comprehensive and they give the procedures that should be followed in order to get the expected results. For example, learner type played an important role in determining the time and type of instructions needed by learning disabled students to learn vocabulary, understand meanings and reading comprehension, as compared to normal learners. Similarly, the findings help special education teachers reevaluate their approach and perception on instructional practices. Using the findings as a guideline, teachers would be able to determine the types of instructions they use when introducing new vocabulary to students. For example, the findings indicate that direct instruction format is the best to apply when teaching new vocabulary to students who suffer from reading and learning disabilities. Conclusion This paper set out to give a review of an article related to teaching students with learning disabilities. To this end, a summary of the article has been provided and a critique of the design used given. Possible applications of the findings in a teaching environment have also been highlighted. If implemented, the techniques and procedures mentioned in the article may help teachers to understand their students better and provide them with the necessary skills needed to become great readers and learners.
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“The Return of the Prodigal Son” by Rembrandt Van Rijn Essay The painting appears retrospective and crowns the development of Rembrandt’s innovative process. The subject matter of this piece of work is that it has a biblical origin. The painting is quite religious and represents the obscurity associated with human existence, especially how sinners take refuge in God. The artist has endowed the painting with immense tragedy and these acts as a symbol of universal importance. Complex figures are expressed in the painting and the fact that the prodigal son appears to be in anguish is a symbol of contrition, charity, unlimited love, and lament. In the painting, Rembrandt infers the Christian notion of mercy with great solemnity. The suggestion of spiritual moods and human compassion is the content of the piece of artwork. In an attempt to portray an exhausted and defeated son going back to his father, the artist benevolently painted the extended arms of a man pleased to see his son. The piece of artwork is thus symbolic of homecoming and elucidates the willingness of humankind in helping those who are in darkness. The Aesthetic qualities found in this painting include composition, expressive lighting, coloration, simplicity, and emotional resonance. Rembrandt, by making the painting, had the point of view that the artwork would assist the viewers in realizing the effect of the event of the Prodigal son (Preble & Frank, 2005). The adoration of the shepherds by Jacob Jordaens The painting portrays Holy Mary preparing to breastfeed her son, Jesus Christ. Shepherds surround the Virgin Mary as seen in the painting. The content of the artwork is that it is composed of five figures who, with the exemption of Jesus, are portrayed in half-length and this strains the intimacy associated with the event. The painting is quite symbolic and depicts a friendly church where every Christian is open to relate to God. Aesthetic qualities found in this piece of an artwork include style development, use of significant lighting, high-level realism, and conventional concepts. This quality is seen in the statement, “the Virgin and the Child are rendered in rustic simplicity, and are not even slightly idealized (Sitwell, 2005 p.202).” The aesthetic qualities point towards Adam Elscheimer who is famous for placing sources of light in the center of his pieces of artwork. The artist has employed the above qualities as a principal way of shaping symbolic dimensionality. The subject matter of the work is that it is quite religious. By developing this painting, the artist had a point of view that the audience would concentrate solely on the half-length portraits. The Union of Earth and Water by Peter Paul Rubens The painting is made up of four elements, which include, earth, water, air, and fire flames. The four elements were used as symbols for the gods of the period. The painting is represented by a female and the artist’s depiction of the “Cybele” perfectly fits into the paintings flowing characteristics. The content and subject matter of the painting is religion. Aesthetic qualities evident in this piece of an artwork include motion, color, and sensuality. To symbolize the unification of the two elements, that is, earth and water, Rubens used figures from the conventional myths. In the painting, Neptune, the god of the sea, is seen lying on the trident and this is indicative of water. On the other hand, Cybele, who according to Rubens is the mother of all gods, is seen holding a horn in her hand. This signifies the earth. The union of both the earth and water as seen in the painting is associated with bringing blessings to all humankind (Preble & Frank, 2005). References Preble, D., & Frank, P. (2005). Preble’ Art forms: An Introduction to the Visual Arts . Upper Saddle River: Pearson Publishers. Sitwell, S. (2005). Baroque Art: A Study of Painting Architecture And Music in Italy And Spain of the 17th And 18th Centuries . Malden: Blackwell Pub
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Analysis of the American Health Care Reform Essay Delivering professional health care is connected to a variety of factors, including political, social, bureaucratic, and financial issues. The same is true about health-care reforms. Nowadays, the American health-care system is operational and effective. Nevertheless, there are always issues that can be altered to make it even more efficient. For instance, employer-sponsored insurance offers a significant challenge. At present, workplace wellness programs are an extremely sensitive issue because the decision to employ or fire an individual may be connected to that person’s health status due to potentially increased insurance costs (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2017). In addition, only large companies—those employing more than 200 people—are obligated to sponsor health insurance (Pollitz & Rae, 2017). The central challenge connected to the current legislation is the fact that it potentially leads to decreased access to professional care. The proposed change will decrease the threshold for company-sponsored insurance. Under the requirements of the main proposal, companies employing more than 150 people will be obligated by law to provide their employees with health insurance. This proposal will impact only those companies that were not involved in this system, and other elements will not feel the change. While this reform is connected to increased corporate costs, it offers the benefit of reducing the financial burden on taxpayers—especially those who are obliged to pay for their insurance themselves. At the same time, it will potentially contribute to a reduction in governmental health-care costs due to increased health insurance premiums and the overall quantity of employer-sponsored insurance. Moreover, it is essential to state that the proposed novelty is connected to potential positive changes in people’s access to health care due to increased access to health insurance. This can be explained by the fact that the number of uninsured has been growing because of a decrease in employer support (Sultz & Young, 2014). With the anticipated increase in access to care, the potential influence on the health of the population is also positive. In the long term, this change will improve population health as it will facilitate the timely treatment of diseases and the prevention of complications. However, in order to implement this change and make it efficient, governmental support is essential. This can be explained by the fact that this novelty will increase the financial burden on companies. It is associated with potential changes in employment and industry. For instance, companies might be interested in cutting the number of staff. Therefore, guaranteeing discounts for employer-sponsored health insurance is a must in order to balance the situation. In conclusion, regardless of the potential challenges, the benefits of this novelty outweigh the related costs. This fact can be explained not only by the anticipated increased access to health care and improved health outcomes but also the fact that there is no need for additional training of staff—neither health professionals nor human resource managers—because all procedures related to employee insurance are already established and well-known. The only issue is the necessity to find the right balance between government requirements and companies’ operations. Nevertheless, in the case of increased governmental support, the change will go beyond the health-care sector. From this perspective, except for improved population health and the decrease in the number of uninsured, the proposed health-care reform is connected to confidence in the government and trust in its actions and decisions. References Kaiser Family Foundation. (2017). Private insurance. Web. Pollitz, K., & Rae, M. (2017). Changing rules for workplace wellness programs: Implications for sensitive health conditions . Web. Sultz, H. A., & Young, K. M. (2014). Health care USA: Understanding its organization and delivery (8th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
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Introduction 2. Summary of Case 3. Statement of the problem 4. Proposing a Strategy 5. Reasons why Proposed Solutions will Work 6. Reference List Introduction An outstanding title for the case would be: ‘Emergency Services: Saving Lives, Time and Resources through Adoption of Modern Technology.” The topic generally revolves around how technology can be used to enhance efficiency in service delivery by reducing the costs of operation and saving time that could be used to perform other duties. In the emergency services sector, time is essential both for the patients requiring the services and the service providers, that is, the patient may be in a critical condition requiring urgent medical intervention, while the service providers need to spare time so that they can attend to other emergencies. According to Goessi (n.d.), one of the most cost-effective means organizations can operate in the harsh business environment is to make their processes and practices more efficient through the use of innovative technology. When organizations conduct their operations in an efficient way, staff members will have ample time to devote to other pressing issues. Summary of Case The case orbits around how organizations, especially those offering emergency services, can benefit immensely from the emerging trends in technology through efficient service delivery. The case has used the Washington Township Fire Department (WTFD) to reveal how time is of critical importance when responding to multiplicity of emergency requests from patients in high-risk situations. Accordingly, it is the function of the emergency medical technicians (EMTs) to provide first aid services to these victims, while rushing against time to take them to the hospital. It is also the function of the EMTs to provide a patient-care report detailing the nature of treatments already offered to the patient, and a detailed account on any health-related symptoms detected. Lastly, the EMTs must update their records at the base for future forecasting, budgeting, and reporting to relevant authorities. It takes a lot of time and maneuverings to manually undertake all those functions and still remain efficient in offering emergency services to thousands of patients every year. This argument informs the decision to adopt newer and more efficient technologies to enhance service delivery. According to Walker et al (2002), the adoption of tailor-made technology solutions to facilitate service delivery has the latent potential to benefit users and providers alike. Statement of the problem According to Walker et al (2002), many organizations across the world are at cross-roads on whether to modernize their services or stick with the traditional manual practices and procedures. However, according to the researchers, systematic research reveals that organizations that have chosen to modernize their services through adoption of relevant technology are way ahead of their peers. The world is becoming increasingly intertwined into a global village, and all progressive organizations must be incorporated in this digital village. Before adopting the MobilEMS technology, WTFD used paper forms to record all the required information about their patients. Not only was the manual method cumbersome and time-consuming, but difficulties arose due to illegible handwritings coupled with issuance of incomplete and often inaccurate information. According to the case, the major challenge for the organization was to come up with a solution that would curtail time wastage – in excess of 1,800 hours a year – manually keying the patients’ medical forms into WTFD’s systems. Indeed, this presented a duplication of functions since the data had already taken considerable time while being manually collected in the field, preventing the WTFD employees from reacting to other emergency calls in time. Proposing a Strategy The solution lies in adopting a technology that will enable WTFD employees to multi-task largely synonymous duties instead of having to do them over and over again. In the manual process, they had to re-write the patient’s medical information three times, implying that almost two-thirds of their time was lost in the process. They had to manually take notes in the field, manually present them to the doctors, and manually enter the data into their computer database for future referral. Accordingly, the solution for the department comes in the form of adopting modern forms of technology that can enable the employees to multitask their duties at the touch of a button, and MobilEMS of Clayton I.D.S. Corp. is one such technology. According to experts, such technological devices offer fast, reliable, objective and accurate solutions to basic and complicated challenges affecting organizations (Walker et al, 2002). They are also easy to handle and fairly priced. Reasons why Proposed Solutions will Work Tangible evidence from cross-sectional studies reveals that efficient use of technology in work processes is a source of motivation, not mentioning the fact that it opens up the workers’ horizons to the unimaginable (Walker et al, 2002). In the case of WTFD, the use of MobilEMS tremendously reduced costs, enhanced accuracy while completing the required fields in collecting the patient’s physical and medical information, and brought a sense of sophistication due to the fact that the system is easily customizable. This is what technology can do for an organization such as WTFD. Reference List Goessi, L. (n.d.). How technology can increase efficiency in a business . Web. Walker, R.H., Craig-Lees, M., Hecker, R., & Healther, F. (2002). Technology-enabled Service delivery: An investigation of reasons affecting customer adoption and rejection. International journal of Service Industry Management , vol. 13, Issue. 1, pp. 91-106
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D. Hume’s Identity Theory and I. Kant’s Response Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction It is imperative to mention that the discussion of the human mind has led to many disagreements among thinkers, and the difference between the theories that they propose is rather significant. A prominent German philosopher did not agree with the perspective of his Scottish colleague and questioned the validity of his work. It would be reasonable to review and analyze the literature on this topic to get a better understanding of the subject matter and to ensure that the statements are reasonable. The argument is that Kant’s response to David Hume’s theory of identity is appropriate, and is an outstanding alternative to the determinist perspective. Discussion It is necessary to note that Scottish essayist has developed a bundle theory. It suggests that the human mind is a set of particular properties, connections, and tropes. Moreover, he did not agree with the idea that it can be viewed as an independent power, and such aspects as cohesiveness should not be measured. The philosopher states that such factors as experiences of an individual play a crucial role most of the time, and they are linked based on their resemblance to each other. He stated that one may be able to think about the self, and such thoughts can be continued. However, the statement is rather ironic and did not agree that the existence of such a principle is possible (Pitson 12). Therefore, he argued that the mind only consists of successive perceptions. The idea is quite intriguing and has challenged previous works on this subject matter. On the other hand, some scholars believe that Hume has overlooked numerous internal and external aspects, and the theory is relatively simple. For instance, Kant’s approach consists of three primary principles. First of all, he believed that the mind should be perceived as a bundle of abilities necessary for every human being. The idea was quite revolutionary at that time but did not spread as much as it should have been. Also, he thought that all the functions are processed, and sensory input plays a crucial role. The final concept is the synthesis, and it needs to be discussed. A thinker has described it as a process during which various representations are analyzed and combined in the brain to perform a cognitive function. He believed that the unity between these factors is crucial, and is a central reason the mind is capable of performing its job efficiently. He agreed with some of the points that Hume made, and argued that inner sense does not allow individuals to perceive the self (Guyer 242). However, an inductive model was viewed as questionable by the philosopher, and he wanted to explain that other factors also should not be disregarded. Kant has focused on the importance of both internal and external dimensions of self. The first one consists of the human’s mental state and ability to view the information rationally. On the other hand, the second one includes human senses and the environment that surrounds them. Apperception is a term that needs to be highlighted. The philosopher believed that previous experiences influence the way an individual perceived the new information and adapts it. The reasoning is critical in this case and has an impact on all the areas of thinking. The idea is appropriate because it is quite evident that the ability to analyze and combine available data is one of the most important functions of the human brain. It helps to make prompt decisions and is done subconsciously. It is quite evident that Kant has acknowledged the importance of the rules of nature and has analyzed the self from this perspective. Numerical identity is another fascinating aspect, and it is nearly impossible to identify if the philosopher has focused on this concept or the idea of similar thoughts (Keller 26). Melnick suggests that Kant has argued that a person is not capable of finding an identical self because of the unique way in which it exists (125). Some of his ideas are rather hard to comprehend, and the fact that he has introduced a third type of existence complicates the situation. Nevertheless, the German philosopher made a clear statement and developed a separate theory. The biggest difference is between their views on the combination of experiences. Conclusion In summary, it is possible to state that Kant has managed to provide an outstanding response to Hume’s position, and has devoted enormous attention to details to ensure that his theory is appropriate. The idea that experiences and intuition are combined at the same time is reasonable and justified. On the other hand, the argument can be interpreted in several ways, and it is possible to identify some inconsistencies. It is hard to argue with the fact that both of these theories are quite important because they have helped to facilitate discussions, and understanding of the human mind has improved significantly over the last few years. Overall, it is quite evident that Kant was concerned with the subject matter, and has provided a response to Hume’s comments. Works Cited Guyer, Paul. Kant’s Critique of the Power of Judgment: Critical Essays , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Print. Keller, Pierre. Kant and the Demands of Self-Consciousness , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Print. Melnick, Arthur. Kant’s Theory of the Self , New York, NY: Routledge, 2008. Print. Pitson, Tony. Hume’s Philosophy of the Self , New York, NY: Routledge, 2005. Print.
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Property rights and housing policy in the United Arab Emirates Research Paper Dubai The growth of the real estate sector in the United Arab Emirates requires the development of property laws because these legislative acts are important for attracting investors from foreign countries. These people and organizations attach much importance to the guarantees that the state offers. First of all, one should mention that foreign investors can own housing in the UAE; however, they can do it only in the so-called freehold or investment areas (Ibpus.com 2013, p. 20). In turn, UAE nationals can own land in any part of the country. The foreign organizations can lease land for 99 years; yet, they cannot become full-time owners of the land (Ibpus.com 2013, p. 20). In Dubai, foreigners can buy lands only with the help of intermediaries such as Emaar Real Estate Company or Jumeira Projects. Moreover, non-UAE nationals can acquire housing only in investment areas such as Al Raha Beach (Oxford Business Group 2007, p. 237). These are the main aspects that can be identified. It is possible to say that property laws have to serve two functions. They have to attract investors and protect the interests of the UAE citizens. One can argue that property laws contributed to the growth of Dubai since many investors are willing to purchase property in the UAE. Additionally, the housing policies of Dubai are supposed to meet the needs of employees working there. Even though the culture, traditions and people’s beliefs are somewhat different, Dubai’s business world has made cultural borders almost non-existent. As it is always important to know the ethics and details of the nation where business is being carried out, Dubai has made the conduct very easy and laid back. Abu Dhabi If one speaks about Abu Dhabi, one should also mention that there are legal distinctions between the nationals of the UAE or Gulf Cooperation Council (Oxford Business Group, 2007, p. 237). There are several components of the housing policy that are implemented in these cities. It is primarily aimed at increasing the attractiveness of Abu Dhabi to tourism and foreign investors. This is why governmental organizations carry out such projects as the construction of artificial islands that can be visited by tourists (Roza 2009, p. 54). They are supposed to meet the needs of businesses that can be based in the UAE and abroad. The current policies are supposed to improve the environmental sustainability of urban areas in the UAE. This is why the government carries out such construction projects as Masdar City that should become environmentally sustainable. The housing policies in Abu Dahdi have to meet the needs of people who face economic difficulties ( Emirati Housing Programs 2013). This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about Abu Dhabi where governmental officials pay close attention to the problems faced by people who are in the urgent need of housing ( Emirati Housing Programs 2013). Overall, current policies contribute to the improvement of living conditions, but the environmental sustainability of these cities should be improved. On the whole, the property laws and housing policy are supposed to improve the living conditions of people and increase the economic viability of these urban areas. In particular, the government attempts to diversify the economic activities of people living in Dubai or Abu Dhabi. These are the main goals that should be attained. References Emirati Housing Programs 2013. Web. Ibpus.com 2013, United Arab Emirates Land Ownership and Agriculture Laws Handbook, Int’l Business Publications, New York. Oxford Business Group 2007, The Report: Abu Dhabi 2007 , Oxford: Oxford Business Group. Roza, G 2009, The Creation of Islands , The Rosen Publishing Group, New York.
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The Case of Mr. Lambert and Mr. Doss Essay After consideration of the case, it becomes obvious that Mr. Lambert and Mr. Doss had no actual right to intercept the e-mails of the contract employees they were supervising. There was no discussion of such a step with the higher managers and no threat to GSA that required taking such a step. If the employees whose messages were intercepted filed a lawsuit against Mr. Lambert and Mr. Doss, the latter would almost certainly be convicted for infringing the people’s privacy. Drawing from this, privacy is of crucial importance for the development of the mankind. Defined as “the expectation that confidential personal information disclosed in a private place will not be disclosed to third parties, when that disclosure would cause either embarrassment or emotional distress to a person of reasonable sensitivities” (Standler, 2009), privacy is so important because it allow people to have freedom, one of the basic values of the modern society. Moreover, on the basis of its importance, privacy is protected by the US laws and even the US Constitution. For example, Standler (2009) argues that titles 18, §1702, 39, §3623, 47, §605, 18, §2510, and 18, §2702 are some of the articles of the US Constitution that protect the right of citizens for privacy of conversations, telephone talks and radio messaging, while 18, §2702 (a) protects the right of people for privacy of e-mail messages (Standler, 2009). Needless to say, privacy involves ethical and moral considerations. The former concern privacy as far as it is considered unethical and impolite in the human society to interfere with the business of another person if the latter does not ask about it. Reading somebody’s messages can also be referred to interfering into other people’s business, and can accordingly be called unethical. Morals should also be considered in this respect, as it can be perceived immoral to deceive people and secretly read their messages, irrespective of their relation to work or the people who read them. Thus, the importance of privacy is obvious but law sometimes fails to protect it, and human beings have to stand for their privacy by various means including finding calm and remote places for private conversations, making sure that their telephones are not overheard, not allowing certain people to participate or at least be present at a private talk or at the private property. Often people resort to the use of weapon to protect their privacy, but this way is on the merge of crime and is not desirable in the modern society. Based on the integral importance of privacy, the criminals also have the right for it. However, protecting criminals’ privacy makes it difficult to ensure the social safety and order. One of the ways that both respect privacy and attempt to provide public safety is the use of street cameras that can be called the acceptable infringement of privacy for the public good. Making a generalization, street cameras might be considered as the means that infringe the privacy rights of every person to the equally small extent, so that the overall effect of the street cameras’ use outweighs the harm caused by privacy infringement. As a result, privacy is obviously one of the basic social values of today. It is protected by law and by people themselves when the law does not help. All people without exceptions have the right for privacy, but to protect the society from the negative effects of this right people have to sacrifice a part of everyone’s privacy for the benefit of the society as a whole. References Standler, R. (2009). Privacy Law in the USA. Web.
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Mission Areas of an Emergency Operation Plan Essay Introduction An emergency operation plan (EOP) is a plan that defines the scope of preparedness and emergency management activities essential for that jurisdiction (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2019). The EOP is designed in such a manner that makes it flexible for application in all emergencies. A fully functional EOP constitutes the purpose of the plan, the emergency, assumptions, distribution of responsibilities, logistics and administration, references and authorities, and development and maintenance of the plan. This paper aims to examine the four mission areas of an effective EOP. Mission Areas of an Emergency Operation Plan Preparedness Preparedness is defined as the creation of an emergency management function to respond and recover from an emergency effectively. It requires the involvement of all the key players in the integrated management system from the local to the federal level. Preparation entails plans created to effectively handle an emergency by saving lives and preventing damages, thus helping response and rescue operations. It consists of activities conducted before an emergency occurs. These activities include (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2019): * Creating an EOP that focuses on identified hazards, risks, and response measures. * Recruiting and training emergency response teams. * Identifying resources and designating facilities that may be needed in the event of an emergency. Mitigation Mitigation comprises sustained actions that aim to minimize or avert the long-term risks to people and property from the disasters (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2019). It consists of activities that occur before and after emergencies. Mitigation is to be conducted in conjunction with an emergency analysis to help identify the type of events that can happen, the probability that the event will occur, and the consequences of the event. An example is purchasing flood or fire insurance for your home. Response Generally, a response is the implementation of the preparedness plan. They include activities that transpire when an emergency event is imminent and extends to after the event occurs (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2019). An Example is evacuating potential victims; provision of food, shelter, water, medical care to the victims; and the restoration of essential public services. It constitutes actions taken to save lives and minimize property damages in the event of a disaster. They include: * Provision of emergency assistance to victims. * Restoration of critical infrastructure such as utilities. * Ensuring the continuity of essential services such as public works and law enforcement. Recovery Recovery activities usually take place after an emergency. They assist in restoring to normal operations after an emergency. It extends until the community is reestablished to a reasonable level of functionality. There are two types of recovery, which are long-term and short-term recovery. Classically, an EOP does not constitute long-term recovery (Jefferson County, 2019). It only integrates short-term recovery which will later result in a successful long-term recovery. However, sometimes the EOP provides a transition for a long-term recovery plan. Long-term recovery activities include repairing or replacing public buildings. On the other hand, short-term recovery activities include removing debris and securing supplies and shelters among others. Strengthening the mission areas The EOP plan should consider risk management through an integrated socioeconomic lens (Office of the Governor, 2019). This should be facilitated in the preparedness phase where the relevant agencies are to identify geographic areas consisting of populations that are highly susceptible to natural disasters. The data should be paired with the traditional natural risk factors to generate a more accurate assessment of the real human risk, particularly among vulnerable populations. Furthermore, in the mitigation area, the government should modernize the approach through which the state contracts for special technology (Office of the Governor, 2019). It should sometimes source external experts with innovative systems and solutions. Conclusion An effective EOP addresses prevention, protection, response, and short-term recovery. Emergencies cannot always be avoided; therefore, the EOP provides the most suitable solution to prevent emergencies, protect lives and property, mitigate damages, effectively respond and recover from a disaster. References 1. Federal Emergency Management Agency. (2019). Mission areas . 2. Jefferson County. (2019). Homeland security and emergency management . Web. 3. Office of the Governor. (2019). Governor Newsom Announces Executive Actions to Strengthen Emergency Preparedness and Response . Web.
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Articles of Confederation and Constitution of the US Essay Drafted in 1776 and ratified on 1 March 1781, the Articles of Confederation was the first constitution for the government of the colonies. It remained an essential tool for states unity until 1 June 1788 when the constitution came promulgated. However, the central governments had limited powers under the rule of the Articles. It proposed a weak confederation of the independent states. The result was the creation of an extremely weak government that ended up failing in its mandate. Faced with the weaknesses of the Articles, the need for a strict binding rule was imminent; hence the drafting of the current constitution in 1787. The two sets of law proposed governments that were more democratic. However, the Articles gave more power to the people and the states. The Second Continental Congress made changes to the Article through the borders and reduced the Congress powers. The Articles of Confederation had other weaknesses, as noted in the paragraphs. It was difficult to have a strong central government as the Articles did not provide for an executive head to lead the government and had a weak judicial system with no federal courts. It was also difficult to make any change in the documents. Certain pertinent resolutions like adoption of treaties, war issues and regulation of coinage required at least nine of the member states to ratify through voting. Nevertheless, the Articles of Confederation was used as a stepping stone towards the current constitution. The general powers for the central government were clearly outlined in the Articles of confederation and hence adopted by the constitution. The Articles also settled territorial arguments that saw an expansion of the U.S. The most notable territorial argument was over the Ohio Valley, which was achieved through the Land Ordnance of 1785. It provided that the government was to sale the Old Northwest (Ranney & Austin, p.63). The proceeds were to be used to settle national financial obligations. In 1787, the Northwest Ordinance legislated and provided guidelines on the management of Old Northwest. It provided for logical admission of all states to the Union. In conclusion, the Articles of Confederation was generally weak. It appeared to remain democratic only because it provided more powers and rights to the states. Despite the several successes the Articles had, there were enormous weaknesses and failures. The drafting of the current constitution relied much on the failures of these Articles. Therefore, a strong, democratic, central government was created with its current constitution. Works Cited McKay, David. “The Reluctant European: Europe as an Issue in British politics .” Britain at the Polls 2005, Ed. John Bartle, Anthony King. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2006. 78-97. Print. Ranney, Austin. The Doctrine of Responsible Party Government: It’s Origins and Present State . Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004. Print. Seyd, Patrick. “Tony Blair and New Labor.” New Labor Triumphs: Britain at the Polls, Ed. Anthony King et al. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House Publishers, 2008. 49-75. Print.
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Policies Regarding Vulnerable Populations Essay The aging population is a global trend that requires reconsidering the policies that are expected to ensure that people aged 60 and over can maintain a high-quality life. According to the National Academies of Sciences (2015), the direct indexation of benefits annually can be an alternative to raising the normal retirement age. On the one hand, the social security system would not be able to cover expenses since the life longevity increases. On the other hand, the suggested policy is likely to offset social security by adjusting payroll tax rates and indexing benefits continuously, which will contribute to the integrity and proper allocation of resources. The LGBT community members face challenges with employment, education, and healthcare, while there are policies that are called to protect them. For example, H-65.983 Nondiscrimination Policy ensures that it is not allowed to discriminate against a person based on sexual orientation (Underhill, 2020). On the one side, this policy confirms that health care providers must provide services equally and reasonably to all sexual minorities. On the other side, not all care providers agree with this policy, and violations that occur in practice are still numerous. People of color have more challenges in the times of the coronavirus compared to the white population. Because of the wealth gap, people of color have more debts, problems with housing, greater unemployment, and other economic issues. It is proposed to introduce some policies that would extend economic assistance to this vulnerable population. For example, urban revitalization policies can resolve the challenges with transportation and unemployment (Maxwell & Solomon, 2020). The other side of the issue is that it takes significant efforts needed to address structural racism and achieve economic fairness. References Maxwell, C., & Solomon, D. (2020). The economic fallout of the coronavirus for people of color . Center for American Progress. Web. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, & Committee on Population. (2015). The growing gap in life expectancy by income: Implications for federal programs and policy responses . National Academies Press. Underhill, K. (2020). Perceptions of protection under nondiscrimination law. American Journal of Law & Medicine , 46 (1), 21-54.
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Customer satisfaction and employee performance Essay Strategies are the set guidelines by an organization to assist in achievement of both long term and short term goals. Generally, strategies depend with an organizational goals and objectives. Basically, strategies are set with an aim of improvement in performance of an organization. There are certain organizations that have strategies that over emphasize on customer satisfaction and quality products to the expense of employee performance expectations. Over emphasis on customer satisfaction and quality of products to the expense of employee performance expectations may affect several aspects of an organization negatively, for instance, hiring, promotion, compensation, recruiting and evaluation outcomes, and might also negatively affect an organization financially. This paper discusses possible effects of over emphasis on customer satisfaction and quality products to the expense of employee performance expectations on hiring, promotion, compensation, recruiting, and evaluation outcomes and its financial consequences on an organization. Consideration of sound performance expectations is essential in establishment of effective organizational behavior strategy. Lack of consideration of sound performance expectations may greatly affect hiring and recruiting outcomes of an organization negatively, for instance, it may lead to recruitment and hiring of non-competent employees. Recruitment and hiring process are the most important aspect of an organization because it leads to obtaining of employees, which are considered one of the most important resources of an organization. Employees are expected to perform as per the standards and expectations of the respective organization; therefore, less emphasis on sound performance expectations ma hinder an organization from hiring and recruiting competent staff or employees that can meet organizational goals and objectives leading to losses or even closure of operation (McCarthy, 2009). Secondly, less emphasis on sound performance expectations in establishment of organizational behavior strategy may also affect compensation, evaluation and promotion outcomes of an organization negatively. Basically, promotion should be based on performance of respective employees; therefore, lack of performance expectations of employees may lead to unfair promotions in an organization (McCarthy, 2009). Furthermore, evaluation is based on performance expectation, and less emphasis on performance expectation may lead to establishment of an ineffective and unreliable evaluation process in an organization. Moreover, it can also lead to unfair compensation system in an organization hence attracting less experienced and qualified employees. It can also demoralize employees leading to underperformance (Armstrong, Kotler, & Brennan, 2009). Finally, less emphasis on sound performance expectations may also affect financial status of an organization, for instance, it may lead to losses or under achievement of financial goals. Less emphasis of sound performance expectation may lead to employment of less qualified employees that cannot effectively perform and meet expectations of an organization leading to losses (Armstrong, Kotler, & Brennan, 2009). Moreover, it can also lead to promotion of less competent employees into senior positions leading to establishment of ineffective strategies leading to heavy losses (Ranchold, Gauzente, & Tinson, 2004). Consideration of sound performance expectation is important in establishment of effective organizational behavior strategy. Over emphasis on customer satisfaction and quality products to the expense of employee performance expectations may greatly affect an organization financially and its hiring, promotion, recruiting, compensation and evaluation outcomes because employee performance is essential in compensation, hiring, evaluation, promotion and recruitment decisions in an organization. Moreover, employee performances greatly influence financial status of an organization; therefore, consideration of sound performance expectations is important in establishment of an effective organizational behavior strategy and positive hiring, promotion, recruitment, evaluation and compensation outcomes and minimization of losses. References Armstrong, H., Kotler, P., & Brennan, R. (2009). Marketing: An introduction. London: Financial Prentice Hall. McCarthy, J. (2009). Essentials of Human Resource Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ranchold, A., Gauzente, C., & Tinson, J. (2004). Marketing strategy: a twenty-first century approach. London: Prentice Hall.
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Qantas Company Marketing Strategies Report Table of Contents 1. Online Marketing 2. Loyalty Scheme 3. Improved Customer Service 4. Promotions 5. Reference List Online Marketing This idea aims to utilize the internet to be able to reach more customers as well as potential clients. It is an innovative idea given the fact that the Qantas has not yet embraced the use of the World Wide Web as a marketing tool. This method of marketing is also cheaper compared with the conventional ways of marketing, like running advertisements in the broadcast media, as well as doing roadshows. It is also easy to reach a larger target market internationally since the internet is not limited to distance as compared to other forms of marketing that are limited to the individual customer’s preferences (Acker 2011). Thus, Qantas can embrace this marketing idea to enable development and acquire more business. The concept is simple as it involves starting the company’s social media account, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. Qantas then assigns some marketing executives the duty of promoting the Bali route through these accounts and answering customers’ questions and complaints. Furthermore, the use of an email database can be employed to help keep in touch with our customers by sending them regular newsletters, happy birthday cards, and anniversaries. Thus, by doing so, Qantas will develop a personal touch with the travelers and, in the process, increasing their loyalty leading to more business growth through referrals. Loyalty Scheme In the previous years, Qantas was able to acquire many customers for the Bali route, but it has not developed a means to reward these customers for their loyalty. Thus, this idea seeks to strengthen the bond between the company and its customers. The scheme will work in such a way that customers are given smart cards like the ones given in supermarkets and retail stores (Kerin 2012). The customers can then use their cards to pay for trips at a given discount. This will encourage them to be loyal, and even potential customers will be lured to become clients due to the promise of getting frequent discounts as a result of the loyalty scheme. The discounts will not be limited to the Bali route only, but to all other routes, the airline operates in. Improved Customer Service This is the most basic marketing idea that is often ignored by most companies. This idea seeks to reduce the number of client turnover, which has led to a reduction in business in recent days. Qantas is to come up with a twenty-four-hour customer service call center that is designed to resolve customer complaints. This will increase customer confidence, as well as create a good brand name for the company through referrals and word of mouth among the customers and their associates. Thus, a good brand name will lead to more travelers being convinced to use the Bali route since they already trust Qantas. Promotions Qantas should offer promotional gifts to customers that travel by their Bali routes. This idea will work to ensure that clients are given free t-shirts that are labeled Bali route or other free products. Furthermore, Qantas can come up with a system whereby if the individual travels via the Bali route, then they qualify for a free trip through Bali using Qantas airline. Thus, such a promotion is exciting to the general public, and many people will travel through the route so that they can get a free trip. This will, in turn, increase the client base leading to business growth (Turban 2010). Reference List Acker, D 2011, Developing Business Strategies , John Wiley, New York. Web. Kerin, R 2012, Marketing: The Core, McGraw Hill, New York. Web. Turban, E 2010, Electronic Commerce , Prentice Hall, London. Web.
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Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance and Its Influence Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Employer-sponsored 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction Employer-sponsored health insurance has a long history in the United States and remains the main form of individuals’ access to medical services in the country. The coverage of employees’ healthcare expenses by businesses influences economic and social factors and is associated with multiple benefits, including a drastically increased rate of people with insurance since the beginning of the 20th century. However, with rising healthcare costs, job-based health coverage is less efficient nowadays than it was before because employers tend to expand employees’ financial contributions to insurance. The significance of employer-sponsored insurance in the United States will be discussed in this essay along with the reasons it has emerged in the first place and its impacts on present-day healthcare. Employer-sponsored The development of the job-based health coverage can be traced back to the World War II period. According to Carroll (2017), when the war began, many employable individuals were recruited in the military and, as a result, a significant labor shortage took place. To address the issue, businesses were ready to increase salaries to be more attractive to potential employees and remain competitive. Nevertheless, such a strategy could induce inflation and have detrimental effects on the overall economy and, therefore, was prohibited by the government. Due to this, as Carroll (2017) observes, businesses chose another way and started to compete with each other by offering various benefits to workers. As a result, US employees became able to get very generous health coverage through their jobs. The employer-sponsored health coverage was substantially supported by the government as well. For instance, “in 1943, the Internal Revenue Service decided that employer-based health insurance should be exempt from taxation” (Carroll, 2017, para. 8). Therefore, job-based insurance became the cheapest way to obtain quality healthcare. It is worth noticing that while in 1940 only 9 percent of US citizens had health coverage, by 1960, over two-thirds of Americans had it (Carroll, 2017). Based on these findings, it is valid to say that this form of health insurance was beneficial in terms of better access to medical services in general. However, this type of insurance has some disadvantages as well. Firstly, individuals become highly dependent on their jobs and maybe afraid to change employment even when dissatisfied with the work they do because such a change increases the risk of losing access to healthcare. Additionally, Blumenthal (2017) states that employer-sponsored health coverage currently provides less protection than it initially did, and many contemporary employees remain underinsured. The main reason for this is a drastic increase in healthcare costs, which is incomparable with modest increases in workers’ wages (Blumenthal, 2017). Thus, while businesses strive to save on various costs and generate more profits, they tend to shrink their health insurance plans. It is clear that for middle-class workers and their families it becomes harder to receive quality medical services without employers’ assistance. Such a state of affairs induces a major public concern and indicates that some substantial changes in the health insurance system are required. Conclusion Overall, it is possible to conclude that the development of a job-based health coverage system was an inevitable result of political, economic, and social influences shaping the life of American citizens and businesses in the middle of the past century. It is not a perfect form of insurance as it increases individuals’ dependence on employment. Moreover, it is still very expensive and makes people spend large amounts on healthcare. Nevertheless, since no effective and problem-free solutions currently exist in the health insurance market, it is likely that a job-based system will continue to be the preferred insurance form in the United States. References Blumenthal, D. (2017). The decline of employer-sponsored health insurance . The Commonwealth Fund . Web. Carroll, A. E. (2017). The real reason the U.S. has employer-sponsored health insurance . The New York Times . Web.
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People who are given facilities as per this insurance, should meet certain requirements. Financial reimbursement for healthcare is taken as an example of social insurance. Social insurance programs, which include healthcare, consist of the network of doctors and hospitals. These service providers concur in seeing people who are covered under this insurance. These service providers are paid by the government for providing their services (Social Insurance, 2014). Social insurance can be defined in the following manner: “Social insurance, public insurance program that provides protection against various economic risks ( e.g., loss of income due to sickness, old age, or unemployment) and in which participation is compulsory. Social insurance is considered to be a type of social security” (Social Insurance, 2014, Para 1). In Gulf countries, it is comparatively easy to manage these welfare programs for their people since the population is not very high in such countries, but they have high gross domestic products. Consequently, people are not compelled there to do any kind of payment for such schemes, and at the same time, the government also does not encourage the high costs of managing such schemes. The nationals of such countries are automatically offered pensions, medical care, sickness and maternity coverage, childcare, and unemployment benefits by their government. In some cases, their government provides them disability and housing benefits (Social Security, 2014). Social insurance programs are related to GOSI. As GOSI provides people of gulf countries a decent standard of living and takes care of their safety, social insurance also aims to do so by providing various facilities to people. Actually, GOSI puts into practice social insurance rules by collecting contributions from employers, and it pays the benefits to the people who are insured, including their family members. GOSI was started in 1969. “The Social Insurance Law was issued under the Royal Decree No. M/22 dated 15/11/1969. The Annuities Branch was implemented on 01/01/1393H and the Occupational Hazards Branch on 01/07/1402H. The Law was amended by the Royal Decree No. M/33 dated 29/11/2000 and implemented as of 01/04/2001” (Brief on the General Organization for Social Insurance, 2012, Para 1). The initial mission of GOSI was to provide insurance coverage to the people of the gulf. The program aimed to collect contributions from employers. The benefit of this contribution had to be given to appropriate contributors. The families of the contributors were also part of this program. This scheme is based on the harmony and cooperation of the people of society. The workers from both the fields private as well as the public are offered benefits through this scheme. The aim of this scheme is to provide a stable life for the people who contribute to this scheme. Their families are also covered in this benefit. When the first law of social insurance was made in 1969, a regulatory structure was also created, which included conditions like old age, disability, and survivors, but it was implemented in 1973. The law related to work injury was also created at the same time, but it was also implemented in 1973 (Saudi Arabia, 2010). The need for this scheme was understood chiefly to provide the people with all the necessary benefits. GOSI has achieved its goal by providing its contributors to the benefits related to medical care, pensions, any occupational hazards, etc. References Brief on the General Organization for Social Insurance (2012). Web. Saudi Arabia (2010). Web. Social Insurance (2014). Web. Social Insurance (2014). Web. Social Security (2014). Web.
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Medical Record and Nursing’s Responsibility Essay Those responsible for the well-being and survival of human beings should exercise greater responsibility. It is no doubt that life is sacred and should therefore be protected. It is for this reason that the Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations has come up with the best practice for medical records and nursing’s responsibility. In doing so, there is a need to have a clear understanding of who qualifies to be considered a vulnerable patient. This will help medical practitioners not to be sued for negligence. This paper will explain the purposes of the medical record and nursing’s responsibility and define a vulnerable patient as well as analyze a case of medical negligence. After close observation and research, it was established that the majority of medical errors are associated with a lack of adequate or proper communication. Lack of communication was established to be the major reason for infection, re-infection and even death to patients. This has resulted in scenarios where the affected individuals brought lawsuits against individuals in the medical fraternity. It is no doubt that some cases were found to have no legal grounds while those found to be serious led to serious consequences on the side of nurses and doctors. Since effective communication generally increases the quality of service, supports teamwork and more importantly help individuals and authorities in preventing errors, it is important for healthcare providers to adopt it. It is thus the responsibility of the Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations to ensure that healthcare facilities adopt best practices in keeping records in order to enhance effective communication which in the long run brings the aforementioned advantages. In order to ensure that those involved in healthcare provision do effective documentation, there are a number of concepts that should be adhered to. These concepts are; recording factual information, recording accurate information that is complete, current, organized and in compliant with the set standards. The issue of vulnerable patients is an important concept that healthcare providers should focus on. There are a number of groups considered as vulnerable patients. They include young children, older population, mentally ill, individuals in lower economic level, individuals having communication problems. Young children in most cases suffer from extreme anxiety, older people need extra care since they are physically and mentally impaired, individuals in lower economic bracket in some cases cannot afford the best medical care while those from different languages may miss to communicate effectively. In the case of Ms. Fosby it is evident that she has a valid case against the defendant hospital. It is evident that nurses and other medical practitioners are obliged to provide their patients with accurate and truthful information. After evaluating the report of the pin , the hospital failed to provide Ms. Fosby with the relevant information. This goes against her notion that medical practitioners should practice without deception. Failure to provide the patient with the information she needed amounts to negligence. This has a negative impact to the patient since she is living in anxiety. If I was to decide on this case, I will hold the hospital accountable for not sharing relevant information that would help the patient overcome anxiety of having contracted HIV. Despite the fact that the hospital went ahead and tested the patient thrice, failure by the hospital to provide the patient with a full report left her confused and mentally disturbed.
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Educational Psychology Theories for Nurses Essay (Critical Writing) Table of Contents 1. Behaviourism and nursing education 2. The most appealing educational theories 3. Nurse education incorporating these theories 4. References Behaviourism and nursing education The major educational psychology and learning theories are behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. These theories differ in their focus on aspects of learning. For example, behaviorists focus on people’s behavior associated with the learning process (Vandeveer & Norton, 2016). Cognitivism is related to the study of memory, traits, motivation, emotions, problem-solving, and so forth. Constructivism is concerned with people’s experiences, as well as cultural and social domains. All these aspects are relevant to nursing education, but cognitivism and constructivism are primary paradigms to be applied. In nursing education, it is essential to focus on students’ cognitive peculiarities and take into account the social context they have found or will find themselves in. Nursing students’ behaviors related to learning can also facilitate the process of knowledge and skills acquisition, but problems solving, traits, and social contexts are more valuable determinants. The most appealing educational theories Educational psychologists develop frameworks that can be employed in various settings (DeYoung, 2014). I believe John Dewey’s paradigm and ideas should be used as primary guidance for educators. Progressive education was largely influenced by this theorist. Dewey believed that learning should be learner-oriented, which would enhance students’ motivation and facilitate the learning process. Formal learning should be the basis for people’s further life. The knowledge and skills students acquire in schools, and higher educational establishments should help them deals with specific challenges they will face in their career or family lives. Nurse education incorporating these theories Nursing education is evolving in terms of theoretical and technological advances. Educational and learning theories help nursing educators to enhance their students’ learning outcomes through the use of the most effective strategies that improve students’ academic performance, motivation, and so forth. Importantly, nursing educators apply an evidence-based approach and evaluate the effectiveness of theories in particular settings. For instance, Husmann and O’Loughlin (2018) found that the focus on learning styles was not effective in the anatomy course setting. References DeYoung, S. (2014). Teaching strategies for nurse educators (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Husmann, P., & O’Loughlin, V. (2018). Another nail in the coffin for learning styles? Disparities among undergraduate anatomy students’ study strategies, class performance, and reported VARK learning styles . Anatomical Sciences Education , 1-14. Web. Vandeveer, M., & Norton, B. (2016). From teaching to learning: Theoretical foundations. In D. M. Billings & J. A. Halstead (Eds.), Teaching in nursing: A guide for faculty (5th ed.) (pp. 231-281). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders.
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Subjectivity and Its Impact on Teaching Style Essay Cultural diversity is an issue of subjectivity that may affect my method of teaching. I have been used to teaching students of the same culture from the teaching experience that I have had so far. Such students tend to have the same ideologies, share the same religion, and have similar cultures and backgrounds. Due to this fact, they tend to have a similar mode of development. Also, they have a similar way of thinking, acting, and behaving. As a result, I have developed a teaching mode that incorporates their culture and lifestyle into the school curriculum. I usually use interactive learning, where students share their experiences, thoughts, and beliefs to achieve this. Sometimes, we talk about personal issues and make jokes. This makes my students be free with each other and their teacher as well (Abdulkareem, 2001). However, this teaching mode may become a challenge if I get a class with students from different cultures and backgrounds. Such students may have a different lifestyle, culture, religion, background, thoughts, and beliefs. It may also be difficult for such students to interact with each other in and out of class due to their differences. This may be a considerable challenge for me as a teacher. Hypothetically, these students’ performance may be low due to the failure of my main teaching style. This may be due to the different needs that these students may have (Baker, 2000). It will be essential for all students to respect and appreciate the culture and backgrounds of each other to ensure that the needs of all students are realized. To solve this issue as a teacher, I will avoid referring to my students or any other person concerning their race, culture, religion, or political affiliation. I will also instill the same behavior in my students. To achieve this, I will ensure that the students in my class have a chance to learn about the various cultures, religions, and political systems of the world. This will allow them to understand and appreciate the difference that they have. Also, I will also avoid using sensitive subjects while teaching. Moreover, I will have to be neutral to sensitive issues such as politics and religion. References Abdulkareem, R. (2001) Supervisory Practices as Perceived by Teachers and Supervisors in Riyadh Schools, Saudi Arabia. Unpublished M.Phil dissertation, University of Ohio. Baker, S. (2000). Factors enhancing sustained use of research-based instructional practices. Journal of Learning Disabilities , 33 (5), 445-457.
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Earphone Pricing and Consumer Purchasing Behavior Coursework Price changes have a significant influence on consumer behavior and purchase decisions. For example, a study by Paswan, Crawford, Ngamsiriudom, and Nguyen (2014) showed that an increase in gasoline prices causes anxiety and lifestyle changes, prompting consumers to switch to another mode of transportation. However, the influence of price on purchase decisions and consumer behavior can also vary depending on the type of product. The present paper will examine my reaction to an increase in earphone pricing and outline how changes in the prices of certain products will affect different customer groups. The last product I purchased for over $50 was a Sony MDR-XB950BT/B wireless headset, which I bought on Amazon for $96. I enjoy listening to music, which is why having high-quality, comfortable headphones is essential to me. If the price of this headset increased by 10% overnight, my purchase decision would not change, as I have purchased the headset from Sony before the price increase. However, in the long term, it would no longer fit my budget for new headphones, and I would consider purchasing another product. For example, JBL E45BT wireless headphones have a similar quality of sound and are $20 cheaper than the headphones I bought from Sony. Based on the above scenario, I believe that I am price-sensitive when it comes to electronics, as I try to fit all purchases into my monthly budget. Indeed, some categories of consumers are more affected by price changes in certain products than others. For instance, a noticeable increase in the prices of some luxury products, such as cars and houses, could affect the purchase decisions of high-income customers. Although high-income consumers are generally not as price-sensitive as those with low or medium income, this group could still react to steep price increases (Mhurchu et al., 2013). Thus, if the prices of houses or luxury cars increase by 10-15%, the change will be noticeable for this group. Low- and middle-class customers are less likely to be affected by price changes in these categories of products, as they would usually avoid buying luxury products and houses altogether. Groceries are an important product category that is often subject to price changes. Import and export, as well as seasonality, may affect the price of certain groceries, including meats, fruits, and vegetables. High-income customers are not likely to be sensitive to price changes in this category. Low-income customers, on the other hand, could switch to cheaper products in case of moderate price changes (Mhurchu et al., 2013). Similarly, medium-income customers with children can be affected by significant price changes in groceries. For example, as the price of organic food products increases, they could choose to switch to non-organic produce to prevent excessive spending (Aschemann-Witzel & Zielke, 2015). Middle-class customers without children are not likely to be affected by price changes in groceries, as they spend less money on food in general. Overall, changes in prices affect various groups of consumers differently. As evident from the examples above, low-income customers with children are usually the most price-sensitive customer group. They will be affected by price changes in most product categories, including clothing, groceries, electronics, cars, and telecommunication services (Ramachander, 2016). Middle-class customers, however, will only be sensitive to price changes inexpensive, but necessary goods, such as electronics, cars, and real estate, although families with children could also respond to price changes in other product categories to avoid increasing their expenditures. Finally, high-income customers will only be influenced by price changes in a few types of products, such as luxury cars and real estate, regardless of whether they have children or not. References Aschemann-Witzel, J., & Zielke, S. (2017). Can’t buy me green? A review of consumer perceptions of and behavior toward the price of organic food. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 51 (1), 211-251. Mhurchu, C. N., Eyles, H., Schilling, C., Yang, Q., Kaye-Blake, W., Genç, M., & Blakely, T. (2013). Food prices and consumer demand: Differences across income levels and ethnic groups. PloS One, 8 (10), 1-12. Paswan, A., K. Crawford, J. C., Ngamsiriudom, W., & Nguyen, T. (2014). Consumer reaction to price increase: An investigation in the gasoline industry. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 23 (3), 220-229. Ramachander, S. (2016). The price sensitivity of mobile use among low-income households in six countries of Asia. Telecommunications Policy, 40 (7), 673-691.
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Smart Car Case Study Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Strategies of the Promotional Mix 3. Improving Strategies 4. Better Target Market 5. Promotional Strategy 6. Conclusion Introduction The creation of the ‘smart’ car was due to the collaboration between Swatch Watches and Mercedes-Benz. Swatch Watches intended to use the car to embody the brand name into a vehicle. The ‘smart’ car is a 2-seater car. It is fuel-efficient. The car is available in bright colours. Fuel efficiency is one of the major competitive factors of the car. Swatch markets the car to married Western expatriates. Swatch would use several channels to advertise the car. Strategies of the Promotional Mix Advertisement is one of the major forms of promotions that companies use. Companies may use print media, radio, and television to advertise their products. Swatch should not use print media or other mass media to advertise their products. Mass media target a large number of people. Therefore, it would not be economical to advertise the car to a large number of people who would not buy the car eventually. Companies use public relations (PR) to market their products. PR refers to efforts by the company to make people understand the company’s practices, policies, and procedures. A company can identify its donations to charitable organisations as a form of PR. In addition, a company can sponsor vital causes or events that strive to improve individual or societal well-being. PR that focuses on the contribution of Swatch to the society would not improve the competitiveness of the car. Swatch may use publicity to elicit demand for the product. Publicity campaigns strive to generate commercially significant news about a product in various media. One of the major advantages of publicity is the fact that the sponsor does not pay for the publicity. The media controls the message. They may portray the product negatively. Therefore, this method would not be effective in marketing the ‘smart’ car. Swatch may use sales promotion to promote the product. Sales promotion targets retailers and wholesalers of a product. Since Swatch sells the product directly to consumers, sales promotion would not be effective in marketing the ‘smart’ car. Companies use corporate image to market their products. It is very hard for companies that have a bad corporate image to launch products successfully. Swatch has a good corporate image. The ‘smart’ car would improve the corporate image of the company. Therefore, there is no need for the company to strive to improve its corporate image since it already has a good corporate image. Personal selling is one of the most common methods that companies use to market their products. Personal selling involves direct contact with the customers. Therefore, it is vital for the sales representatives of a company to be presentable. In addition, they should be able to articulate the major attributes that make the product have a competitive edge over products from rivals. Most companies offer commissions to their employees to encourage them to make more sales. Since Swatch does not give its employees commissions, personal selling would not be effective. Improving Strategies Personal selling is one of the major strategies that Swatch should use to improve the sales of the product. Since Swatch does not offer its employees commissions, personal selling would not be effective. Therefore, Swatch should start offering commissions to its employees. The commissions would encourage the employees to be more aggressive. Commissions would ensure that they earn additional pay for their efforts. Swatch may also use sales promotion to increase the sales of the ‘smart’ car. The company should engage in sales promotion that targets the married Western expatriates. The company may carry out sales promotion that would associate the product with the domestic country of the expatriates. Better Target Market Young adults who are between 20 and 33 years old would be a better target market for the ‘smart’ car. They form a sizeable percentage of the population. Therefore, conquering this market segment would ensure that the company makes more sales. This would increase the revenue and profitability of the ‘smart’ car. On the other hand, there are very few Western expatriates. In addition, the young adults do not have so much money to spend. Therefore, the cost of the car makes it affordable to the young adults. The Smart Car is a fuel-efficient vehicle. Therefore, it is much cheaper to use the vehicle. Most young adults do not have children. Therefore, since the vehicle has a seating capacity of two people, it would be suitable for this target market. Adults who have children usually prefer cars with a large seating capacity to accommodate their children. Promotional Strategy Advertising would be a vital component in the marketing mix of the ‘smart’ car to the young adults. The young adults account for a sizeable percentage of the population. Therefore, the company should use mass media to reach this target market. Swatch should strive to make ownership of the vehicle be fashionable. The advertising campaigns should highlight attributes of the car that would make it be desirable to the target market. In addition, Swatch should use exhibitions to market the car. The company should exhibit the car in places where the young adults visit occasionally. The exhibitions would create awareness about the existence of the car. Conclusion Marketing strives to create awareness about the existence of a product. A company should use several strategies simultaneously to market a product. The target market usually determines the marketing strategies that a company would employ.
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Television Effects & Freedoms Essay There has been a lot of controversy on television effects and freedoms in recent years. Watching of TV content is now thought to have negative effects on the viewers, especially the children. Globally, the content contained in TV shows has changed a lot in the last two decades. Today, a lot of the television content is based on violence and sex. This is the case whether the content is an advertisement, a movie, or a family TV show. As a result, parents have become increasingly concerned about the morality of the society and the effects of TV content on their children’s behavior as they grow (Lorch & Lemberger, 2008). By and large, children and young adults are exposed to adult content on TV at a very young age. This raises a lot of concerns on the negative effects of TV content on the behavior and health of children. The essay looks at television effects and freedoms in reference to Italy. Parents in Italy are raising concern over the content availed to children through television as most of it could end up affecting the behavior of the children negatively. TV content mainly involves movies which depict violence. Other content entails explicit and immoral acts which do not align to the societal beliefs and attitudes. Italians are staunch believers in the Catholic faith which condemns violence and depiction of sex in society. As such, airing of violent and sexual contents of TV would be considered immoral at both the societal and national level. The same concerns raised in Italy have been raised in the US since the current generation can access TV content not only from the TV but also via the internet. With sites like YouTube, people are able to watch TV content without any restrictions. There has been a tug of war between Google and these two corresponding nations as both would want internet content to be regulated. According to Meichtry and Zampano (2010), Milan is on the verge of controlling the content availed on Web videos which is an extension of the TV programs. However, in Italy, there seems to be a controversy since according to Naom (1987), Italian television has been accused of airing shows with pornographic content. In a study carried out in Rome during the 1980s to determine the nature of TV content in Italy, it emerged that most TV stations dedicated an average of 2 hours per day to airing adult material. In Italy, there is no proper regulation of the media industry, unlike in the United States where strong regulatory authority is in place to check the industry (Noam, 1987). With time, the government has been able to regulate the televisions and the media in general. However, it has been accused as of being oppressive in undermining the rights of journalists. For example, in 2010, the government of Italy planned to “extend television-broadcasting regulations to Web sites that host videos” (Meichtry & Zampano, 2010). The move according to relevant authority was in alignment with other western governments to have control over TV content. This has been fueled by the European Union norm to have all content in TV regulated. In summation, airing of violent and sexual content on TV in both Italy and the United States has raised a lot of concern in recent years. Despite the measures taken by the two governments, children can still access immoral content on the internet, which is yet to be regulated. Reference List Lorch, E., & Lemberger, C. (2008). Television – How do children use television?, How are children affected by television? . Web. Meichtry, S., & Zampano, G. (2010). Italy Plans to Extend TV Rules to Web Videos . Web. Noam, E. M. (1987). Broadcasting in Italy: An Overview . Web.
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Different musicians presented their recordings in the new musical style, attempting to adopt and improve the novel technique. Two of such creators were Michael Jackson and Diana Ross, who are recognized as influential R&B artists throughout the world (Krohn, 2017). Michael Jackson’s Rock With You is a highly popular musical piece that occupied first place in the musical ratings for a significant amount of time. As for Diana Ross, her exceptional brilliance was manifested in the Upside Down recording, which was also extremely famous in the 1980s. It is essential to outline the primary similarities between the two works. First of all, both of the songs represent the R&B movement, with the melodies utilizing tight-drum programming and string sounds primarily derived from the disco recordings (Patterson, 2019). Secondly, the songs illustrate exceptional electronic influence, with corrected voice pitch and active dancing beats. The production quality of both works is exceptionally stunning, involving multiple technological devices and post-production tempering. Even though the recordings seem quite similar at first sight, there are several distinctions present. It is imperative to note that Michael Jackson implements the melisma technique, while Diana Ross refers to syllabic singing (Patterson, 2019). Additionally, there is a striking difference in the lyrics, with Michael Jackson addressing such topics as rhythm and grooving, singing to a particular female individual that he would like to dance with. In contrast, Diana Ross focuses on the expressions of love and her feelings toward a boy who she loves tremendously. Altogether, these songs are exemplary representations of the R&B movement, each of them possessing unique and distinguishable qualities. References Krohn, K. (2017). Michael Jackson: Ultimate music legend . Lerner Publications. Patterson, R. J. (2019). Destructive desires: Rhythm and blues culture and the politics of racial equality . Rutgers University Press.
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A Strategic Plan to Involve School-Family-Community Partnerships via Service Learning Essay Service Learning is a learning and teaching strategy that combines essential community service with formal instructions received from class. The process focuses on strengthening communities through the development of civic and personal responsibility. It makes the students reflect and focus on the needs of the community while at the same time improving their academic skills. (Follman, 1998). Through service learning, students develop a commitment to their communities and gain skills to handle real-life issues. The principles and practices gained through formal teaching are enhanced when they are applied to the social context. Students are able to reflect concurrently when they learn through experience. The process makes students responsible citizens who actively contribute to the needs of the community through the practical application of their formal instructions. Service learning promotes academic development, social growth, and community involvement because it integrates learning from schools and colleges with organizations that are either faith or community-based. The students participate actively in the community development projects. The community benefits in improved public health and safety, a more sustainable environment, better social education, among others. The interaction of the students, members of the community and the educators creates a unified society. The benefit gained is mutual because the youth gets educated by the community while they address the concerns and needs of the community. For instance, the students may decide to collect trash lying in the environment. By so doing, they may use information they have learned formally to determine the source of the pollution. When the results of their findings are shared with the community’s residents, they collectively address the problem (Pearson, 2002). Through the collaboration of the school, parents and members of the community, everyone enjoys a better environment. Service learning therefore effectuates a fundamental shift in traditional pedagogy to make classes interesting and engaging. When students apply their formal knowledge and skills to make the community a better place, they become inspired, motivated and ultimately empowered. Service Learning promotes academic development because it offers students a platform where they can apply the knowledge they have acquired in the classroom practically. The strategy enriches the formal learning that takes place in the classroom by applying it through doing service to the external environment. The academic development of the students is also enhanced because they are provided with an avenue to showcase their ability. They come up with a service to be delivered, design a strategy to deliver it, implement it and monitor what they initiated. This encourages them to seek more knowledge in the field because it instills a personal sustained interest. The strategy promotes social growth because it supports the operation of the social agencies that are created to develop the community. It is a philosophy pedagogy that develops the community through the use of a learning method that satisfies the academic objectives. When practical learning strategies that satisfy social needs are developed, social growth becomes evident. Some of the student learning activities that may improve social growth are the provision of portable toilets, unclogging the drainage systems, among others. Parents should encourage their schooling sons and daughters to get actively involved in service learning because it benefits them as well as the community as a whole. Service Learning promotes community involvement through community partnerships. A community partnership is whereby the residents partner with the community agencies to identify the needs that are urgent, then mobilizes resources required to complete the relevant projects. The partnership becomes successful when students are engaged in the community agency to offer the relevant skills and services. Reference List Follman, J. (1998). Florida Learn and Serve: 1996-1997 outcomes and correlations with 1994-1995 and 1995-1996. Tallahassee, FL: Center for Civic Education and Service, Florida State University. Pearson, S. (2002). Finding common ground: Service-learning and educational reform . Washington, DC: American Youth Policy Forum.
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Film Analysis-Danton Essay Danton is a famous film that was directed by Andrzej Wajda. It was created in France after authorities in Poland closed down studios belonging to Wajda on allegations that he was sympathizing with trade unions. The political events that took place during this period of time influenced him greatly as portrayed in the film. The film depicts the power struggles that existed in Poland (Cabin 2). The French Revolution which took place between 1789 and 1795 can be compared to the famous Russian Revolution. The armies allied to Louis XVI went beyond the borders of France to rescue Bourbon monarchy causing the entire French people to join the revolution later. Despite the fact that the armies crossed the borders, the fierce battles of the revolution took place in Paris and its environs. The leaders of the revolution in Paris assisted by irate mobs created policies that would have been initially rejected by the population of the country. The direction taken by the revolution was determined by a tiny section of young men who began as idealists before turning into comrades and good friends. They separated after a few years and became enemies. Those who were considered traitors were taken to the guillotine because of betraying their fatherland (Cabin 3). The film narrates a true story of the life of Georges Danton. Danton played a crucial role in the French Revolution before his guillotining by the state together with others who were equally instrumental in the revolution. The film highlights the political struggles that took place as idealists tried to forge the state. The idealists fought against the state that purported to care about the welfare of the people yet it had turned tyrannical and corrupt. The film uses the spoken word rather than physical violence to achieve this. The story of the French revolution which started with the relationships among renowned personalities is clearly explained in the film. Among the prominent characters in the film are Maximilien and Georges Danton. Danton represents a passionate man who has some attributes of dishonesty. He is a respected revolutionary leader whose attitude towards the revolution becomes moderate with time. The moderation he embraces is considered an act of betrayal and Robespierre, who is a moral lawyer, agitates for the trial and subsequent conviction of Danton. Danton protests by screaming as he is pushed to the guillotine. The film which is a co-production of Franco-Polish was directed by Wajda in France. The role of the fanatic Robespierrists in the film is acted by actors from Poland while the loyal and honest Dandonists are represented by actors from France. This probably explains why the government of Poland was not interested in showing the film in the country. The film depicts Danton as someone who is conscious about the revolution unlike Lech Walesa, who speaks on behalf of the solidarity movement of Poland. Robespierre is portrayed as a person who does not care about the feelings and needs of the citizens. He is a dictator who approves the execution of many people for the good of the country. Danton is used in the film to represent the west while Robespierre stands for the East (Cabin 4). Danton presents a clear picture of the most interesting moments during the French Revolution. It was in the early months of 1794 after a self-imposed retirement that he went back to Paris with the aim of bringing the terror to an end. January 1793 was a year that witnessed the beheading of Louis and by October the same year, there was mounding terror. This came up after Marie Antoinette, the chatty, Madame Roland, and those who moderated the revolution were killed. Danton followed the advice of his friends who wanted him to go Paris instead of running away although he knew very well that his action was exposing him to the guillotine (Travers 3). The film maintains the chamber-piece characteristic of French Revolution by playing out Danton in numerous confrontations with Robespierre. This makes the scenes of the film dramatic and easy to understand such that a viewer who has no knowledge of what happened during the French revolution finds the film informative. Some of the scenes of the film that are not so compelling include those which try to bring out the political drama by using the context of a city rebelling against a nation. The crowd scenes in the film are important since they remind the viewers about the Hollywood mobs of 1935. Although the reputation of Danton is not completely cleaned up in the film, most of the bad things are not shown on screen. Things like bribery, love for property and women are mentioned in the film. Danton pleads for forgiveness because it is the public safety committee he formed that enables Robespierre to gain control over the country. The film does not so much focus on the role he played during the 1793 massacre. During the massacre, mobs raided prisons and killed anybody they met (Travers 5). The film effectively dramatizes the conviction of Danton about the fury portrayed by the revolution. The fury of the revolution betrayed the same revolution it was supposed to support. The film can be described as appropriate with regard to its capacity to illuminate the French revolution and the political happenings in Poland. Works Cited Cabin, Chris. Danton . 2009. Web. Travers, James. Danton (1983) . 2000. Web.
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According to Ratha, the annual total of remittances sent home by international immigrants is thrice the amount of foreign aid sent to developing countries. However, the impact of remittances on the economies of parent countries is stifled by poor labor and financial policies. A large percentage of the money is taken by international money transfer companies and labor agencies that find jobs for immigrants. Ratha recognizes that remittances play a vital role in improving the lives of recipients in developing countries. However, more could be done to ensure that the money creates more change and economic impact than it currently does. I agree with Ratha’s recommendations that are aimed at increasing the impact of remittances on recipient countries. He notes that it is important to create a platform for sending remittances home, cut business ties between post offices and money transfer companies, and lower costs for small amounts. It is true that if the cost of sending money is reduced from the current average rate of 8%, remittances would have a greater impact on the economies of recipient countries. It is necessary to lower the cost of sending remittances in order to increase the annual amount by recovering the excess that is used to cater for the exorbitant costs imposed by money transfer companies. Governments of developed countries need to consider the huge impact created by remittances on developing countries and consequently streamline their financial sectors to lower costs of money transfer. I disagree with Ratha’s idea of downplaying the relationship between remittances and money laundering. He ignores the high risk that would be associated with reducing the cost of sending remittances around the globe. He focuses only on the positive aspect of lowering costs. However, low money transfer costs would have extensive consequences such as increased cases of money laundering. On the other hand, lowering costs would make it easy for vigilante and terrorist groups to receive and send money to finance their activities. Terror financing and money laundering are the major challenges to lowering the costs of sending remittances. Governments should take the initiative to implement stringent financial and legal policies to discourage illegal money transfer activities. Ratha offers viable recommendations that could lower the costs of sending remittances. However, he does not address how to deal with the potential risks of low money transfer charges. Before implementing the recommendations, it would be important for governments to address the issue of money laundering and terror financing. This would take the full participation of the recipient countries in association with international money transfer organizations. The recommendations offered in the video could impact the GDP of recipient countries significantly. Implementation of the recommendations would reduce the cost of sending money and consequently increase the number of remittances. Increased remittances would imply that more money would be used to improve education, health, and other important economic sectors. Ratha estimates that his recommendations would save an additional $30 billion that would be converted to remittances. This amount is larger than the amount donated by the United States as foreign aid to Africa. This implies that it would have a tremendous impact on the GDPs of recipient countries.
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Explanation of System Integration Essay System integration refers to the act of intermixing two or more aspects of operations in an organization to improve productivity. This includes integrating information systems with the supply chain hence bringing ease in operations. It is vital for organizations to take the best route to integration whereby they will be able to work with other organizations to minimize costs, and acquire a competitive advantage. This means that companies should be able to integrate their operations with those organizations they may wish to consider in case they want to outsource their services (Willcocks and Lacity 35). Organizations bound to integrate need to have aligning goals whereby their vision and mission do not contradict. This helps them to work together during the integration process because all involved organizations should work. System integration involves supply chain planning which ensures that all aspects of supply chain are in accordance with the expectations of company objectives. Another important aspect of the system is alignment which ensures that all systems are consistent with each other. This means that operations of individual systems should be in a way such that they do not contradict. In fact, system integration is extremely beneficial in supply chain management because, it is the one that ensures flow of goods through the system without much friction. For example, raw materials can be ordered easily and delivered when they are just required. If system integration is faulty, unnecessary costs may be incurred and at times associated with delays which may translate to gross losses for organizations. Therefore, the strategy to be used should define the role of information necessary in the course of decision making (Rivard and Aubert 87). The information should shed light for the best practices involved in decision making to facilitate for effective interaction of people in the supply chain. This positive integration ensures that communication and relationships between stakeholders in the supply chain are effected. Insourcing and outsourcing strategies involve all the communications necessary in organizations. This is because they form the heart of all communications as they enable organizations to share data within its departments and other organizations. Performance of organizations in the supply chain depends with their ability to collect, analyze and interpret data (DHILLON 67). This involves technological advancement in systems because advanced equipment reduces the complexity of operation activities. This means that if an organization has developed communication equipment, it stands a better chance of getting the best information from the market. This helps them to design products depending on what consumer requires hence maximizing on their revenue and sales. Organizations may decide on where to outsource for services depending with equipment needed. For example, a company may be in need of outsourcing equipment to cater for increased demand hence they should consider organizations with equipment of the same quality or more advanced than theirs. This means an organization should be able to consider technological integrations in their systems at all times (Bates 76). In order for organizations to segment their supply chains effectively, proper system integration is vital because the organization will be able to obtain crucial information that can be useful in the determination of segmentation guidelines. Product design also depends on supply chain hence calling for adequate integration between systems in the supply chain. Therefore, whether organizations decide to source, outsource or insource services to foster their operations, system integration are particularly essential because these systems have to ensure smooth flow of goods and products in the supply chain (Hanschke 58). The role played by these integrations cannot be ignored as they form fundamentals of all operations in any organization. These include purchase of the raw materials up to selling of products to the consumer. Works Cited Bates, Marcia J. Understanding Information Retrieval Systems: Management, Types, and Standards. New York: CRC Press, 201. Print DHILLON, M C. TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT: Advanced Strategy for Information Technology . London: Global India Publications, 2009. Print. Hanschke, Inge. Strategic IT Management: A Toolkit for Enterprise Architecture Management. New Jersey: Springer, 2010. Print Rivard, Suzanne., and Aubert, Benoit A. Information technology outsourcing . Michigan: M.E. Sharpe, 2008. Print. Willcocks, Leslie., and Lacity, Mary C. Global sourcing of business and IT services . London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. Print.
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Language Influences on Communication Essay The rule of linguistic relativity holds that the foundation of a language influences the conduct that its speakers are capable of conceptualizing their world (Dugmore and Rock 23). The practical relations between mental operation and language raise individual facts on how individuals think, for example, the American people who verbalize their inhabitant language perceive everything surrounding them differently. Therefore a simple speech reveals how an American person perceives things (Dugmore and Rock 22). Thus, language reflects a culture which means that different languages reflect the different cultures and different people tend to behave differently because basically, culture is a way of coping with infinite complexities of reality. Non-verbal communication comprises of eye contact, body posture, and positioning among other factors within groups (Dugmore and Rock 26). Face to face communication means that the message is sent on two mediums simultaneously; if the non-verbal spoken words and hints are absurd, then the flow of information is hidden. All non-verbal actions such as gestures, postures, eye contact, how slow or loud people talk, and the close we stand always convey a strong message (Dugmore and Rock 27). As a result, nonverbal communication hints may play the following roles; that of repetition which involve repetition of messages made verbally, that of contradiction which contradicts the information that an individual is trying to pass, and substitution which may act as a substitute for a verbal message such as through eye contact (Dugmore and Rock 32). Others are complementing which entails actions such as a supervisor patting an individual while praising them; all this reflects the importance and develops relationships of how people convey messages to one another. As such, all bolts and nuts for communication whether verbal or non-verbal need to be in the right place without any of them sticking out to create a good relationship among the communicators. Works cited Dugmore, C. R. and Rock, W. P. “Marketing management”, Journal of international marketing, 12. (2006): 23- 25. Print.
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Lean Revolution and Boeing’s Innovations Report (Assessment) Table of Contents 1. Lean Is the Pits 2. Lean takes on the skies 3. The Pressure to Perform 4. References Lean Is the Pits Lean lessons emphasize the importance of hiring the professionals who can perform their responsibilities faster than the others. Moreover, the chosen experts have to be team players who embrace the company’s leadership and goals and assess the individual skills and performance as contribution to the collective work. The focus on training and practice, along with planning and attention to details, guarantees the efficiency at work not only to a particular crew, but also to the whole enterprise. The application of new technologies and deep analysis of various processes are essential for the planning and preventing maintenance and, thus, reducing the time and financial costs. The systematic feedbacks help to understand the existent or potential shortcomings and improve the weaknesses in advance. The significance of the lean from NASCAR is in the area of performance of the well-coordinated team with excellent communication, clear goals and strategy, and the implementation of technology. The latest is a must for any business that aims to lead. Although the greatest lean impact is the spotlight on the highly integrated crew that considers group performance as the most efficient way to achieve the company’s goals. Lean takes on the skies The gap between orders and delivery was a serious threat for Boeing. The failing of customers’ expectations could put Airbus, a primary rival, on the front row of theindustry and sweep Boeing out from its leading domain. The major deadlocks that slowed down the process of delivery were the internal and external plights. The inner struggles included a “massive batch-and-queue production system” (Trent, 2008, p. 229) and the previous unsuccessful experience of increasing the production capacities. The external complications were associated with the decrease in the number of suppliers. To overcome the difficulties and secure its superior position in the industry, Boeing initiated the embracement of lean. The enduring process of lean implementation is illustrated by the changes in production of the dual-engine, single-aisle 737 model. The assembly line of 737s has been modified: during the manufacturing process, the aircraft is moving to the following workstation while the team of workers finalizes its tasks in the process of transportation. Progressing from one to another assembly facility, the employers are supplied with the portable work equipment. Thus, the manufacturing lines “bring people and assemblies to the right place at the right time” (Trent, 2008, p. 232). The construction of empennage has been started on a moving basis as well. These changes have reduced the time of production and expanded the efficiency of the working teams. Also, with the implementation of the lean principles to the plane assembly, the company has cleared floor space that is used for other purposes. Boeing intends to execute the lean initiatives tested on 737 aircraft to other airplanes that are more commercially demanded, such as the 777 model. Since the assembling of 737 has significant improvement, the company’s plans may be successful. The Pressure to Perform The article examines ten innovations that are associated with the lean revolution. These changes in manufacturing help the chosen industries and plants to strengthen their position in comparison with competitors. The authors claim that not every innovation method has been employed in the companies, but, on the other hand, the enterprises adopted the combinations of various methods that have beneficial results as well. The application of each lean method and its success varies from country to country and depends on the time of implementation. As an illustration, the authors provide the computer aided design (CAD) innovation that was executed and efficiently explored decades after its development. The case can be explained by the general development of computer technology and its availability to the business organizations. Another aspect is linked to the industries’ differentiation and signifies the lack of reliance on a particular industry and a lean innovation. Therefore, the “competitive pressure within an industry does not directly cause the adoption of innovative practice” (Bates, Flynn, & Flynn, 2009, p. 217). The key factor in the competitive efficiency is a rapid reaction to the most significant rival’s performances. The pressure created by the competitor motivates the companies to implement the particular innovations and go further to forecast the future changes and actions of the rival. The adaptation of the lean innovation by a company creates the pressure on its competitors as well. The authors suggest that the pressure of cost reduction and implementation of change may be overcome by the focus on the latest issue because cost tensions cannot be avoided. The companies should embrace the lean processes while keeping in mind the scaling down of costs, according to my opinion. References Bates, K. A., Flynn, E. J., & Flynn, B. B. (2009). The pressure to perform: Innovation, cost, and the lean revolution. Business Horizons , 52 (3), 215-221. Trent, R. J. (2008). End-to-end lean management: A guide to complete supply chain improvement . Plantation, FL: J. Ross Publishing.
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Determining the mode of thinking of people is challenging because it is only after realizing how people think that a person can influence them to behave in a particular manner. Thus, to get the attention of other people it is good to apply mechanisms which are not noticeable. This process is important to leaders and other people who would like to divert the attention of their audiences without alerting them (Doyle-Portillo, & Pastorino, p. 77). Definition of subliminal persuasion Subliminal persuasion refers to the process of influencing other people without their conscience. As such a person can cause people to behave in a particular manner without their knowledge. It is hard for people to resist being persuaded when subliminal persuasion is applied because there is no complete awareness about the efforts to persuade. A person realizes that they have been persuaded after the process has already taken place (Doyle-Portillo, & Pastorino, p. 77). Difference between subliminal persuasion and other kinds of persuasion Subliminal persuasion does not apply the knowledge of the other person to capture the awareness about persuasion for a particular aspect. It is out of the conscience of the influenced person that they get involved in a particular activity. Other kinds of persuasion make use of the knowledge of the other person to influence their behavior. As such the influenced person has complete awareness of the entire process (Smith & Mackie, 283). The person persuading others does not show outwardly that he/she intends to influence the behavior of others. The entire process is hidden and there is minimal knowledge about the influence. This makes subliminal persuasion a silent but influential process. Other processes of persuading people are realizable when the approach starts and the people being influenced are able to detect that their attention is required (Smith & Mackie, 283). Subliminal persuasion should be of concern to critical thinkers Critical thinkers make great use of subliminal persuasion to influence their audience. The audiences do not recognize they are being influenced and by the end of the process they end up accepting the ideas of critical thinkers. Designing subliminal persuasion ideas is a great challenge to critical thinkers because in most cases the audiences have the knowledge about the intentions of the people persuading them (Doyle-Portillo, & Pastorino, p. 77). Leaders require subliminal persuasion because their work is to influence their leaders to contribute towards the success of certain goals. It is important for leaders to be silent in their approach because the subordinates require not noticing any intentions of motivating them to improve their performance. Therefore, leaders must be critical thinkers so that they can develop strategies which will influence the subordinates to work towards achieving the goals which have been established (Doyle-Portillo, & Pastorino, p. 78). Examples of subliminal persuasion Mob activities are done out of the conscience of the participants. In most cases people find themselves doing mob activities without their knowledge. Another example of subliminal persuasion is observed in the consumer behavior towards certain products. Consumers develop good or bad attitudes about products in the market depending on the location, mode of presentation or other aspects which they identify with the products. Marketers have come up with strategies of capturing the attention of consumers by using bright colors, applying appealing images to associate with their brands among other strategies. These strategies are silent and consumers find themselves accepting products out of their conscience (Larson, p. 407). Conclusion Subliminal persuasion is applicable in many situations and people use this process to get the attention of other people without their conscience. Leaders have a great advantage of using subliminal persuasion because they are able to motivate their subordinates to work towards the achievement of the goals which have been set. Works Cited Doyle-Portillo, Susann M. and Pastorino, Ellen E. What Is Psychology? Essentials. New York;:NY. Cengage Learning. 2008. Larson, Charles U. Persuasion: Reception and Responsibility. New York: NY. Cengage Learning. 2009. Smith, Eliot R. and Mackie, Diane M. Social psychology. UK. Psychology Press, 2000
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Public and Private Sector Events Organization Essay Speaking about public sector events, one organized by the local government and other organizations should be mentioned. It was held at the end of November with the primary aim to promote manufacturers presented in the area and support their products by demonstrating them to members of the community. There were numerous pavilions devoted to different companies and firms for them to display their goods. The prices were low so customers could benefit from them. The local authorities wanted to attract peoples attention to diverse products and contribute to the development of business in the area. There was also a concert sponsored by the government and a fire show at the end of the event. This could be compared to another private-sector event organized in the UAE and dedicated to the Anniversary of Prophet Mohammad. It took place in all emirates. Comparing these two holidays, one can see several similarities. First, local governments were involved in the organization. Second, numerous concerts and shows were organized to amuse people and ensure their participation. Finally, local companies became the main stakeholders and sponsored diverse activities to promote their brands. The only difference was in the purpose of these two events as the first one was organized to encourage local manufacturers whereas the second was dedicated to a great holiday. An outstanding private sector event was organized in December on the eve of Christmas by a leading automaker with the primary aim to amuse its employees, improve the firms image, and attract new customers. The company sponsored all activities and shows to make the holiday remarkable. There was a drinks reception with numerous appetizers. Additionally, the company invited famous performers to entertain the public and attract its attention. Another private sector event was held in the UAE, Dubai. It took place in Marina Garden, a luxurious open-air venue. A sponsor, the local giant corporation, organized the show aiming at the attraction of partners attention and demonstration of its outstanding performance and potential. These two private sector events are similar in the primary purposes for their creation. They are organized to promote the functioning of these two giant brands and amuse people who are related to them. Additionally, the companies are the main stakeholders as all shows are sponsored by them. These similarities demonstrate the common approach to organizing private sector events and their central purposes. Finally, a voluntary sector event was organized by UNICEF in San Francisco on October 7, 2017 (‘Attend an event’ n.d.,). The central aim of this holiday was to collect money to help children all over the world. It was supported by volunteers from different countries who wanted to contribute to the development of this movement and improve our world. All funds collected during the event were distributed between organizations supporting children. Analyzing this event, it can be compared to the free event organized by Chillout Productions in Dubai. Called Jazz Garden, it provided visitors with an opportunity to see Albie Donnellys performance supported by Catie Waters and the Royal Vagabonds (‘Jazz Garden series kicks off in Dubai’ 2017). The event aimed to promote jazz all over the world and support performers. As one can see, the purposes of these events are different; however, they are organized in similar ways by particular organizations using volunteers and attracting the publics attention to the holiday to ensure peoples participation and commitment (Slack & Mike 2018). Reference List Attend an event , n.d., UNICEF , Web. Jazz Garden series kicks off in Dubai, 2017 , Gulf News , Web. Slack, N & Mike, L 2018, Operations strategy , Pearson, New York, NY.
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Accounts Receivable and Credit Evaluation Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Notes Receivable and Their Differences 3. How Creditors Extend Credits to Their Customers 4. Process of Credit Evaluation 5. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 6. References Introduction Accounts receivable is defined as a record or asset on the balance sheet that represents the existing amounts due to the chosen business (Viney & Phillips, 2015). This term is usually shortened to “receivables” (Kennon, 2017). It represents all money that may be owned by customers to a company regarding products or services. Still, the payment on these products or services is not received at the moment. Notes Receivable and Their Differences In addition to receivables, companies and customers have to recognize notes receivable. This note is a kind of a promise given in a written form according to which certain cash should be sent from one party to another in the future. In some cases, overdue accounts receivable may be converted into such notes so that a debtor can have more time to pay for products or services offered (“Notes receivable accounting,” 2017). However, it is impossible to convert notes into accounts. In addition, notes receivable require a formal instrument that may be used as proof of the debt. Accounts are mentioned on a balance sheet, and notes are separate legal documents. How Creditors Extend Credits to Their Customers The extension of credit to customers is a crucial step in any business relationships and operations. It is not enough to ask for an extension or have enough reasons for it. It is necessary to understand when creditors may give this extension and when the situation does not allow taking this step. Certain considerations should be identified before extending credit to a customer, including the evaluation of the worthiness of credit to the customer and the business, the identification of such factors as liquidity and the presence/absence of collateral, and the ability to repay (“Considerations before extending credit to a customer or client,” n.d.). Credit extension also depends on such factors as possible risks, the existing policies, and review of credit history with the help of which it is possible to identify credit limits and consider customers’ requests (Carbajo, n.d.). Each customer is free to introduce personal reasons, explanations, and promises to prove the appropriateness of an extension. Process of Credit Evaluation Credit evaluation is an important business process in terms of which a customer is proved to be eligible for a loan and payment for goods or services in a certain, extended period of time. As a rule, credit managers have to take several steps to evaluate new customers and understanding their credit abilities. The main steps include the identification of creditworthiness when a moral character of a creditor should be evaluated (“Credit evaluation and approval,” n.d.). Then, loan size and frequency of credit requests should be identified. Finally, social considerations should be gathered to understand if customers are connected with some risks or social projects. Finally, it is necessary to learn that every approval and evaluation procedure may have some new characteristics in new organizations. Therefore, it is wrong to follow and use one certain plan. Certain corrections and adjustments are possible. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The allowance for doubtful accounts is defined as a balance sheet account with the help of which it is possible to reduce the amount of the already reported accounts receivable. It is a possibility to introduce a clear picture of how accounts can be turned into cash with time. It is usually introduced as a contra asset account because of a reduction of the total amount of accounts that the company has on its balance sheet. For example, the company cooperates with more than 10,000 customers and states sales in more than $1,000,000. It is hard to make sure how many customers may default. Therefore, 1% is defined as bad debt. So that $100,000 is used as a credit to the allowance for doubtful accounts and reserved. Another example may be observed while developing a weekly financial statement when the company indicates that 0.1% of its sales can hardly be collected during this period and doubtful accounts are allowed. References Carbajo, M. (n.d.). Factors to consider before extending credit to customers . AllBusiness. Web. Considerations before extending credit to a customer or client. (n.d.). Web. Credit evaluation and approval . (n.d.). Web. Kennon, J. (2017). Accounts receivable on the balance sheet . The Balance. Web. Notes receivable accounting . (2017). Web. Viney, C., & Phillips, P. (2015). Financial institutions, instruments and markets (8th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
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Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility Evaluation Essay Strategic corporate social responsibility compliance is an internal policy of most companies. The research focuses on compliance with strategic corporate social responsibility. The research includes study on the stakeholders. Strategic compulsory strategic corporate social responsibility improves the company’s public image among the various stakeholders. Christian Bacher (2) theorized the implementation of strategic corporate responsibility is an important part of the employees’ or officers’ work itineraries. During this writer’s stay in Goldman’s, Morgan Stanley, and Lehman Brothers, it is the employees’ or officers’ compulsory duty to comply with the company’s corporate social responsibility policies. The employees and officers of the company ensure that the company’s products and services comply with ethical standards. Ethical standards include giving the clients quality products manufactured without violating environmental laws. Likewise, strategic corporate social responsibility dictates the employees and officers of all companies must prioritize the public interest in all their decision-making activities. Consequently, the officers and employees must ensure that all its business activities translates to the enhancement, uplifting, growth, improvement, development, and promotion of the interest of the employees, clients, stockholders, community, owners, suppliers, and other affected parties. The corporate officers must ensure the company’s compliance with all pertinent laws of the land, especially the labor laws. For example, the companies must not charge loan interest rates that overshoot the limit set by the law on interest charges. The responsibility includes contributing financially to the stakeholders’ growth and development, including sponsoring community welfare projects. In addition, three programs or initiatives offered by various companies fall outside corporate social responsibility. First, the Unocol Corporation and its president have been charged in court for the violation of established corporate social responsibility doctrines. The company and its officers were charged in court for implementing human rights violations in the workplace (Banerjee 63). Second, many companies engage in graft and corruption practices to corner a larger chunk of the market segment. Some sales representatives irresponsibly offer bribe money or commissions to the current and prospective clients’ purchasing and other officers in exchange for winning the purchase orders (Hancock 126). Lastly, Enron violated its strategic corporate social responsibility duties when it violated the provisions of the United States generally accepted accounting standards; the company fraudulently presented financial statement figures that were fraudulently higher than the actual financial statement amounts (Sims 153). Based on the above discussion, strategic corporate social responsibility should be a compulsory internal policy of companies. The corporate social responsibility includes self-regulation. The employees’ and officers’ workplace responsibilities include compulsory compliance with their company’s corporate social responsibility policies. Compliance enhances the company’s image among the community, employees, suppliers, and other affected parties. Indeed, compulsory strategic corporate social responsibility improves the company’s public image.
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“Tigres del Norte and Friends” and “America” Songs by Los Tigres Essay The essay analyzes the influence of Los Tigres from the lens of their two performances, “ Tigres del Norte and Friends ” and “ America “. Los Tigres del Norte promotes the theme of shared identity. The song marks Latino music history and helps promote Latino pride. The song became significant for bringing together Latino music icons and being the first-ever Mexican song to premiere on MTV. In a big way, these elements help neutralize the barriers existing between Latino genres while promoting a shared identity. In their “ America ” song, the band promotes the themes of social tolerance and social justice. The band reminds all Americans that America is not limited to the North alone. The group insists that South and North Americans share a historical identity despite the color and language differences. Besides, the band calls all Latinos to the realization of their oneness under Latinidad. Through the two songs, Los del Norte adopts a marketing strategy that would expand its fan base to include local, transnational, and international Latinos. The reminder that America extends to the South also is an effort to expose its music to the whole population despite the underlying racial barriers. Thus, the marketing strategy brings out the themes of shared identity, social justice, and racial tolerance.
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Ambulance Service with Inappropriate Call Outs Burden Essay The difficult work of ambulance doctors is also complicated by citizens unable to define the appropriateness of their call to the service. In critical situations, this can have fatal consequences for some patients. The work offers academic sources that have studied this problem. Gardner GJ. The use and abuse of the emergency ambulance service: some of the factors affecting the decision whether to call an emergency ambulance. Emergency Medicine Journal. 1990 Jun 1;7(2):81-89. Problem When an emergency arises, under the pressure of panic, it is difficult for people to determine whether it is appropriate to call an ambulance or not. Intervention After entering the hospital, patients and doctors were interviewed to find out how correctly the patients determined their condition. Comparison The public awareness of the circumstances in which immediate medical assistance can reduce service load. Outcome Patients poorly know ambulance work – only 62% correctly identified their conditions to calling for help. Kirkby HM, Roberts LM. Inappropriate 999 calls: an online pilot survey. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2012 Feb 1;29(2):141-146. Problem Inappropriate calls can cause death or severe complications in a patient to whom doctors did not have time to arrive due to unavailability. Intervention Researchers have created an online questionnaire to see if people understand situations in which to call an ambulance. According to the number of points respondents received for interpreting scenarios, the level of understanding of the relevance of calls was determined. Comparison Compared to the first resource, such a survey showed that the primary source of inappropriate calls is panic. Outcome In situations where the help of doctors is definitely needed, most respondents would call for help. However, in 2 out of 7 cases, the study identifies a problem when there is no need for specialists, but calls are received. Edwards MJ, Bassett G, Sinden L, Fothergill RT. Frequent callers to the ambulance service: patient profiling and impact of case management on patient utilisation of the ambulance service. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2015 May 1;32(5):392-396. Problem There are a certain number of patients who often and without a significant reason, apply to an ambulance. It interferes with the correct work of the ambulance and drains out limited resources. Intervention A group of patients, who often called an ambulance, was identified. Researchers highlighted factors that helped reduce the number of calls from this group of patients. Comparison The main focus here is on those who make constant calls, not on single ones. Outcome Competent management of a group of complex patients and prior intervention, such as regular observation by a doctor, helps to decrease the load on the ambulance service. Conclusion These sources reveal several aspects of inappropriate ambulance calls. The main problem is the inability of people to determine the situation in which to contact an ambulance. For its solution, it is necessary to increase citizens’ knowledge of ambulance work. References 1. Gardner GJ. The use and abuse of the emergency ambulance service: some of the factors affecting the decision whether to call an emergency ambulance. Emergency Medicine Journal. 1990; 7(2):81-89. 2. Kirkby HM, Roberts LM. Inappropriate 999 calls: an online pilot survey. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2012; 29(2):141-146. 3. Edwards MJ, Bassett G, Sinden L, Fothergill RT. Frequent callers to the ambulance service: patient profiling and impact of case management on patient utilisation of the ambulance service. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2015; 32(5):392-396.
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Oral and Written Feedback in ESL Teaching Essay The aim of the present paper is to connect the theoretical foundations of oral and written feedback in ESL teaching to the practical activities that take place in my classroom. The class in question is a writing course attended by nineteen students of diverse cultural backgrounds: primarily Indian but also Chinese and Middle Eastern. In such a context, written feedback on student work is a more efficient and effective tool as it serves both formative and summative assessment purposes, saves the instructor’s time, and helps students solidify and retain their knowledge. Given the substance of the course, most assignments completed by the students are, naturally, related to writing. Deciding on the type of feedback to provide to students can be quite a challenge: written feedback tends to be more time-consuming and open to interpretation, meaning that misunderstandings can arise in the process. However, as far as oral feedback is concerned, most classrooms do not provide adequate settings to provide it to students (Celce-Murcia, Brinton & Snow, 2014, p. 232). In my classroom, the choice has been made in favor of written feedback. The decision was made primarily because of the nature of comments that are provided on written work. While students also learn about the structural dimensions of writing, most of the provided feedback is still corrective as it aims to address grammar and spelling mistakes made by the student. Such feedback should be as explicit as possible for it to be effective (Sheen, 2010, p. 228). Generally, all the mistakes can be classified into several categories for which the professor has developed a system of notations that is easily understood by the students. The instructor favors written feedback as it also allows students some time to reflect on it (Sheen, 2010, p. 204). The written feedback, however, does not come from the instructor alone as the students are encouraged to provide peer reviews and responses to each other. Thus, not all of the written work is always graded: at the peer review stage, students mostly provide qualitative feedback to each other instead of addressing specific mistakes. Such an approach serves the formative purpose, meaning that it is intended to promote student learning over the course of instruction (Celce-Murcia et al., 2014, p. 322). While written feedback is the predominant approach in my classroom, oral feedback is also used as a supplementary tool. To a considerable degree, oral feedback is intended to address the structural deficiencies of the student’s work, such as the organization and structure of their paper. Oral feedback is provided during individual meetings so that the students can immediately respond to the comments. Moreover, the instructor takes notice of general mistake trends and addresses them in the classroom. References Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D., & Snow, A. (2014). Teaching English as a second or foreign language (4th ed.). Boston, MA: National Geographic Learning. Web. Sheen, Y. (2010). Differential effects of oral and written corrective feedback in the ESL classroom. Studies in Second Language Acquisition,32 (2), 203-234. Web.
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Introduction 2. Critical summary 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Although American literature emerged during late 18 th century when the United States got independence, I think the delay in emergence relative to other parts of the world was due to the fact that ‘Americans’ lacked common ancestral and cultural context. The literature of American grew gradually but richly due to interaction of diverse religious, cultural, social, ethnical, racial, and political values in America. These diverse societal values transformed the United States from a country of diversity to a united country of Americans. I concur with Hector’s description of Americans as “…cultivators, scattered over an immense territory, communicating with each other by means of good roads, navigable rivers, united by the silken bands of mild government, all respecting the law without dreading their power, because they are equitable” (431). Emerging from colonialism, slavery, racial discrimination, and inequality during agrarian democracy, many patriots like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and John Adams among others made their significant contribution to American literature as they attempted to define identity of Americans. I therefore know that agrarian democracy was an age of enlightenment that shaped American literature for it provided ideal social structure where diverse cultural, religious, philosophical, social, and political values effectively interacted. Critical summary Agrarian democracy was an era when ‘Americans’ transitioned from primitive society to the civilized society, and found their identity as Americans. The fact that, development of common religious, political, cultural and social values during agrarian revolution united diverse ‘Americans’ from different parts of the world and made them to embrace the American culture as a hybrid culture, fascinates me. According to the philosophies of 18 th century, natural laws governed the morality in the society because Americans perceived that they were the product of their environment and at the same time, they could govern their environment using human and physical laws. Rapping argues that, “the American continent, where land was fertile and abundant, was an ideal setting in which to bring the model to life; and so the establishment of a perfect society became an actual possibility for the first time in history” (708). The fertile and expansive land of American attracted many immigrants from various parts of the world who came with diverse beliefs and values that eventually shaped development of American culture and literature. In my opinion, attracted by fertile and expansive land during agrarian revolution, many immigrants came to America, thus increasing the pool of values and beliefs, which later become helpful in the formation and development of American culture and literature. Populations in other parts of the world like Europe had increased tremendously and they squeezed themselves in the limited land. Moreover, stringent regulations of their respective governments limited their freedom and rights; hence, America was the land of freedom to them. Hector argues that, immigrants took refuge in America and ‘…brought along with them their national genius …here he sees the industry of his native country displayed in a new manner, and traces in their works the embrios of all the arts, sciences, and ingenuity which flourish in Europe” (430). Therefore, knowledge, skills, beliefs, and values of diverse immigrants played a critical role in the formation and development of American cultural identity and literature. I think that the impression of the assigned reading did not complicate the impression of the critical article since both agree that agrarian democracy was the origin of American culture and literature. Comparative study of the two articles shows that European countries had advanced in their cultural identity and literature as compared to America because they had common cultural, political, social, and religious values, which united them. In contrast, America was grappling with the issues of identity amidst diverse identities that competed for dominance in an emerging country. Moreover, American government was still emerging, thus had no elaborate legal and political structures. I support Hector’s argument that, America was the land of freedom where natural laws applied because there were “…no aristocratical families, no courts, no kings, no bishops, no ecclesiastical dominion, and no invisible power giving to few very visible on…” (431). Therefore, formation and gradual growth of American culture and identity depended on political freedom, application of natural laws and effective interaction of diverse societal factors leading to development of American literature. According to Rapping, through application of natural laws, “…man would presumably use his rational knowledge of these laws to pursue a moderate way of life and to develop machines and institutions for his improvement and happiness” (714). Hence, natural laws became the foundation of American government that guarantees freedom to humanity in exercising diverse beliefs and values, which become central to the development and formulation of American literature. Conclusion In my opinion, the assigned reading and critical article are very relevant to the study of American culture and literature as they describe the evolution of American identity in a diverse society. The critical article illustrates that enlightenment of a society depends on the effective interaction of individual and distinct members of the society in various aspects of society such as religion, politics, culture, and educational systems. It also fits into the study of African American literature for it shows how various cultures, races, and ethnicities contributed to the formation and development of American literature. In addition, the critical article shows how Europeans perceived and shaped American culture and literature during agrarian democracy. Hence, immigrants played significant roles in shaping and defining the American culture and literature. However, I do not agree with the critical article’s observation that, natural laws can only contribute to the evolution of America culture and literatures for there are other aspects of civilization emanating from immigrants who flooded America during agrarian revolution. Works Cited Hector, Jean. “American Contexts: The Emerging Idea of ‘American.’” American Literature (n.d): 427-433. Rapping, Ealyne. “Theory and Experience in Crevecoeur’s America.” American Quarterly 19.4 (1967): 707-718.
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Company Profile and Organizational Structure Vermont Teddy Bear Essay Vermont Teddy Bear (VTB) is a private company that was founded by John Sortino in 1981. It has its headquarters in Shelburne, Vermont. At around 1990, the company almost filed for bankruptcy, however, Sortino introduced the “Bear Gram” service, which allowed customers to call a toll-free number and order a personalized teddy bear (Gogan & Lewis, 2011). This move recuperated the company. The company manufactures and markets bears, pajamas (hoodie footies), and flowers around the world. It has succeeded in establishing a global presence by marketing its products via both its one red-brick store and online platforms. This has been aided by the use of an array of technologies that comprise the use of Circle Commerce for order management and fulfillment, Platinum to handle accounting, FusionRetail for its retail store, and other small one-off applications connected by middleware (Gogan & Lewis, 2011). The VTB organizational structure is flat and horizontal. A Board of Directors heads the company, and this is followed by the Chief Executive Officer, John Gilbert. Therefore, every move that the company makes has to be approved by both the CEO and the Board of Directors (Islam, Jasimuddin, & Hasan, 2015). The head office has several departments and departmental heads, ranging from accounts to Information Technology (IT). Each departmental head has a team of junior employees working on specific job assignments. VTB has 200 employees and occasionally hires additional temporary employees during the peak seasons, which include Christmas, Valentine’s Day, and Mother’s Day (Gogan & Lewis, 2011). Communication at VTB is facilitated through both formal channels; for instance, in internal communication, John Gilbert often walks around the office to see how the staff is doing. He talks to employees and discusses their progress at work. On the other hand, in external communication, the company uses Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software to communicate with its customers. Customer Profile VTB targets individuals, both locally and overseas. It targets both children and adults who take comfort in simple pleasures and are family-oriented. However, the ideal customer includes individuals 50 years and above middle-class male individuals. IT Values Knowledge is an essential organizational asset that enables companies to gain and maintain a competitive advantage. In the customer relationship management paradigm, the management of customer data in eCommerce is necessary, and this is facilitated by the creation and adherence to distinct IT policies (Rahimi & Kozak, 2017). With regards to VTB, an ideal IT architecture document is that which describes the network configuration, servers, data flows, and major enterprise applications (Gogan & Lewis, 2011). This is because since VTB is e-commerce, it heavily depends on IT for strategic operations. Overall, the IT architecture document in VTB was incomplete, for instance, with regards to the intellectual property rights, VTB uses “open source” CRM systems that consist of a variety of small one-off applications and software that allowed the programmers to modify their codes extensively with minimal restrictions (Gogan & Lewis, 2011). Second, in terms of the privacy policy, VTB uses middleware, which is the black box, to translate data among different applications. Yet, it contains a substantial amount of undocumented business logic. Hence, this might compromise the privacy of data. Third, the companies used a “best-of-breed” approach to develop and acquire enterprise applications. Moreover, the presence of passwords ensured that technology access was restricted to authorized users. Fourth, VTB ensured the accuracy of the data is stored by acquiring separate enterprise resource planning packages that guarantee optimal efficiency in their given paradigm. Fifth, by embracing good password management practices and recovery mechanisms, VTB can ensure data accessibility while at the same time ensuring data security. Lastly, VTB lacks a proper data governance policy. Internal Standards VTB has weak internal rules and standards governing information technology. First and foremost, the IT department had not developed a formal IT process nor prepared an architecture document. Additionally, the department had haphazardly developed and installed several applications to attend to the needs of the department when there were insufficient resources. There were also poor documentation practices in that most of the essential information regarding the operation of the information systems was undocumented; hence, it could be easily lost when an employee left VTB. Lastly, some of the applications were outdated and were often edited; thus, interfering with their efficacy. Nevertheless, the department embraced good practices in password management and recovery mechanisms. IT Vision and Mission IT Vision The customers of the IT department include VTB’s employees and customers. Therefore, the ideal vision of the IT department in VTB is to provide an environment that is characterized by “IT abundance,” in which IT infrastructure and services are innovative are readily available and used to provide seamless support to the company’s evolving business requirements and long-term strategic and organizational goals. By performing these functions, the IT department will enable VTB to attain a family-focused “comfort” strategy in the eyes of its customers. IT Mission In support of the VTB, the role of the IT department is to fulfill the business’ goals and objectives efficiently. In addition, they facilitate the day-to-day usage of employees in other departments, such as in accounting and order management, and fulfillment. Therefore, the ideal mission of the IT department in the VTB is: To embrace the use of quality analytic tools to facilitate better data integration; thus, making it easier to coordinate marketing, forecasting, and production, and improve the stability and reliability of the eCommerce platform . References Gogan, J. L., & Lewis, M. (2011). Peak experiences and strategic IT alignment at Vermont Teddy Bear. Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases, 1 , 61-70. Web. Islam, M., Jasimuddin, S., & Hasan, I. (2015). Organizational culture, structure, technology infrastructure and knowledge sharing: Empirical evidence from MNCs based in Malaysia. VINE, 45 (1), 67-88. Web. Rahimi, R., & Kozak, M. (2017). Impact of customer relationship management on customer satisfaction: The case of a budget hotel chain. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34 (1), 40-51. Web.
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The Concept of “Motherhood Penalty” in Workplaces Essay Lumpen Bourgeoisie The term “lumpen bourgeoisie” gained prominence sometime in the mid-20th century to describe the middle class composed of people with little or no collective bargaining or self-awareness. Additionally, the individuals who fall under this class do not have any economic base to create wealth or own capital. In other words, lumpen bourgeoisie depended on owners of capital or colonial masters for their survival. These people did not have social benefits for working for their masters, as they would be paid based on the amount of work done. They functioned as independent contractors. The technological revolution of the 21st century and the financial meltdown that occurred in 2008 have created an environment that increased the size of the lumpen bourgeoisie, which precipitated the tragedy of the commons associated with author William Forster Lloyd. In this tragedy, individuals working independently exploit shared resources for personal gains without considering the good of others. The emergence of the gig economy associated with companies such as Uber along with shrinking economic growth has forced workers to become independent contractors without benefits. According to Reich, after the 2008 economic crisis, many people decided to become entrepreneurs after they were laid off as companies struggled to survive. Additionally, some companies started rehiring the former employees as independent contractors with low wages and zero benefits. In the case of Uber, the company offers an opportunity for unemployed people to make a living by becoming independent contractors to offer transport services using their cars and labor. The company takes between 25% and 30% of the drivers’ earnings (Hill). The tragedy of the commons stands out clearly in this case. The common resource in the case of Uber is the environment. People, acting as independent contractors to Uber and forced by low wages elsewhere, join the industry. Ultimately, the number of unsafe and environmentally unfriendly cars increases. In addition, such a scenario does not offer incentives for the development of public transportation and consumerism increases due to the need for people to travel more. The shared resource, or the environment, is depleted in the pursuit of personal gains, thus creating and worsening the tragedy of the commons problem. The gig economy is also reshaping the world of work. As people compete for the few available opportunities, they are willing to work for low wages under poor working conditions, which is ultimately a race to the bottom. In the gig economy, workers lose their benefits and there is no job security. Consequently, social inequalities and class differences grow exponentially as wealth is concentrated among a few technocrats. For instance, the owners (and many shareholders) of Uber are millionaires, while the millions of independent contractors, working as drivers, struggle to afford a decent lifestyle. Motherhood Penalty The concept of “motherhood penalty” is associated with author Shelley Correll, and it fits well in what is happening at Silicon Valley, where jobs are male-dominated. The motherhood penalty describes the scenario wherein mothers are penalized, especially in the workplace, for who they are, and thus they face numerous challenges as compared to women who have not given birth or men. According to Correll et al., mothers are discriminated at many different levels in the workplace, and the problem is compounded by other gender disparities that women face in general (1297). Additionally, the wage gap between mothers and non-mothers is bigger in comparison to that between males and females (Correll et al. 1298). Mothers are considered to be less competent, less committed to their work, and more irrational as compared to their childless counterparts. The results of these misconceptions associated with motherhood are magnified in Silicon Valley where the number of women owning startups or working in different companies is disproportionately lower as compared to that of men. To explain this phenomenon, Sandberg argues that women, and especially mothers, are likely to be less ambitious and committed to work because they have to balance between work and other motherhood responsibilities like raising their children (23). Besides, women have been suffering from wage disparities caused by gender differences. Chang argues that women working full-time experience a gender income ratio of around 78 percent (38). Given the earlier argument that the wage gap between mothers and non-mothers is huge, it means that mothers are likely to suffer the worst consequences of the general wage gaps between genders. Therefore, based on the empirical evidence provided in this paper, it suffices to conclude that the motherhood penalty exists, and it is time mothers stood up for their rights. Works Cited Chang, Mariko. “The Wealth Escalator and the Debt Anchor.” Shortchanged: Why Women Have Less Wealth and What Can Be Done About It, by Mariko Chang, Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. 37-58. Correll, Shelly, et al. “Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty.” American Journal of Sociology, vol. 112, no. 5, 2007, pp. 1297-1339. Hill, Steven. “ Can Workers Get a Fair Deal in the Gig Economy? ” Yes Magazine. Web. Reich, Robert. “ Entrepreneur or Unemployed? ” The New York Times. Web. Sandberg, Sheryl. “The Leadership Ambition Gap.” Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead , by Sheryl Sandberg, Knopf, 2013, pp. 12-26.
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Blood Test Predicting Death Age for Better Life Essay Introduction Man is a mortal being. Everybody will eventually die one time. Human beings, most of the time, never think about their death unless they are faced with the death of their loved one; and after a short time, they move on and forget about it. When human beings are faced with their own mortality they start regretting how they lived their life. The question of whether it is good to know when one will die lies in how one will live thereafter. Knowing when one will die can make one straighten their act for a good and purposeful life, while lack of purpose would bring dissatisfaction, despair, and to others’ depression. So would I want to have the blood test to determine my age of death? Yes, I would! Main Everybody knows they will die. Knowing the time of my death will enable me to live my life to the fullest. This is because I would focus on positive things in my life; plan to do the things I would like to do before I leave, love people a little bit more, enjoy life, and not take life for granted. A limited lifespan would enable me to live my life richly and with more relishing, reminiscing, and more gratitude. Knowing when one will die gives one the opportunity to choose more deliberatively what type of life one would like to lead. With the fact that we will die in our hearts, we are able to live our lives more mindfully, taking every experience in our life positively and slowing to appreciate what life throws at us. Knowing when I will die would help me set achievable goals within the time I am left to live. Also, what legacy would I leave behind would be the question that would be in my mind each and every day? Another issue would be what am I doing to achieve this? Would I make a difference in someone’s life? Living my life as it was my last day and doing what I would tomorrow today mean time well spent. This is because I wouldn’t be living with the uncertainty of when my death will come. By the time I lie on my death bed, I would have achieved what most people who do not know when they will die would have not. Also when I look back I see a life with no regret. In addition, I would show some love to everybody even to my enemies. This is because I believe that even though there might be no life after death, there is love. I would like people to remember good things about me. I would express more love to those I meet. I would not waste much time on useless things, especially if I got a short time to live and if I die much later I would work harder to live a better life for the long days. Some people say that when you know your time of death you are going to be depressed. Contrary to this, it should be an opportunity for you to plan. For example, I would write my will allocating everything I have to my family. This would reduce family wrangles that could occur in case of sudden death with no will write. Moreover, I would go through my will with the family members to make it clear that they understand what is in it and avoid a fallout of family members fighting over who should inherit what. I would also enjoy my wealth doing things that I had never done before, as I was busy accumulating it. This time I would sit, relax, and enjoy life. Conclusion To sum up, death is the most logical level, but most of the time we do not give a lot of thought to it. What legacy do we leave behind? We should be able to live life without any regret at all and look at our future without fear. If knowing the age I will die will help me reflect on my own mortality then I would take the blood test for a meaningful and purposeful successful life. Why not!
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Auto Industry in the US Essay Production trend in the US Auto industry in the US has been undergoing a major turmoil due to adverse macro economic conditions. This resulted in an up and down of the auto production in the recent times. Historically auto industry has undergone series of upheaval in the production process wherein the production growth has shown tremendous fluctuating trends. Figure 1 demonstrates the auto production of the US from 1967 through 2007 (BEA, 2010). Figure 1: Auto Production in the US. Figure 1 shows that the overall production in the automobile industry in the US has been increasing since 1967, though there were intermittent fall or rise in the growth of production. The increase in total production of the auto industry shows that However, the growth of production, which measures the percentage change in total production over periods, has been fluctuating over the year. In addition, a trend line for the production growth demonstrates that the growth of production has been following a declining pattern. There a declining trend in auto production growth is a concern as the industry is expected to face fall in production. The declining trend in production growth indicates a possible fall in future of the production growth in auto industry, which is a bad sign for investors in the industry. Figure 2: Labor cost and capacity utilization in the automobile sector of the US. Bureau of Labor Statistics The cost of labor is one of the primary determinant factors for any production process. The labor cost index for automobile industry in the SU is shown in blue in figure 2 (BEA, 2010). A trend line for the labor cost index for next five years through 2012 demonstrates that the labor cost is expected to fall in the future. This is a positive indicator for the auto industry production, as a decline in labor cost would reduce the overall cost of production. For investors, a fall in the labor cost as shown in figure 3 is a good sign, as lower cost will lead to lower variable cost. This will eventually increase the margin and profit. Capacity Utilization Capacity utilization of the US automobile firms in percentage from 1987 to 2007 is plotted in figure 3 (BLS, 2010). Capacity utilization provides the per unit cost of producing the good. Therefore if the per unit cost of production is x, then in 2007, a capacity utilization of 70.9% would imply that till this the production can be done without increasing the average variable cost. Thus, a rise is capital utilization is desirable of organizations. In case of US auto industry, there is a fall in capital utilization over the years indicating that with increase in production, there is an increase in per unit variable cost. Therefore, there is a rise in overall variable cost of the industry. Figure 3: Average and Marginal Productivity of Labor. Average and Marginal Productivity The average productivity of labor (AP L ) is found to be following a flat trend, while the marginal productivity of labor (MP L ) is declining. MP L for the US industry is declining indicating that with constant capital input, production will fall with increase in labor. Therefore, production in the industry can be increased by increasing capital i.e. better infrastructure, or technology or innovation. A declining marginal productivity also indicates that the production indicates that the industry productivity is falling, till some other measures are taken to revive it. Implication for the Industry In conclusion, the positive signs for investors for investing in the automotive sector are increasing trend in overall production of the US firms, indicating higher production in the future. A lower capital utilization and higher labor cost indicates that the overall cost of production is increasing in the automobile industry in the US. Investment in the industry should be done cautiously. Further, a fall in marginal productivity indicates that the industrial production is going to fall further, if capital is not increased. The production analysis shows that the industrial production of the auto sector in the US is declining and the productivity is also falling. So without further changes in technological knowhow or capital investment, there will not by further growth. However, increase in capital through innovation in technology and increased capital investment, better machinery, and plants may again pull up productivity. References BEA. (2010). United States of America . Web. BLS. (2010). Labor Productivity and Costs . Web.
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Introduction 2. Main body 3. Conclusion 4. References Introduction In the article Management Accounting and Control (2009) by Satar, Epstein Yuthas, the authors address an existent problem of most micro-businesses in the developing countries of the world. With two-thirds of the world living on $2 a day and more than 500 million microenterprises, it can be stated that the problems of the lack of proper knowledge and skills in doing a business of such scale are of major importance. The authors record their experience in dealing with the most common areas of knowledge necessary for such businesses, the most common areas of failures, and the strategies implied by the owners for their business to survive. The article provides the results and the findings of a series of interviews with hundreds of microfinance clients (microentrepreneurs) and microfinance managers identifying the management accounting tools necessary for the business to sustain success. Main body The identified tools are cost management, throughput enhancement, budgeting, risk management, and identifying opportunities. The authors, being business educators themselves, finalized the article outlining the importance of providing education for microbusiness owners, a factor that can have a decisive impact on the success of the businesses. The numbers of microbusinesses in the world point out the demand for the expertise and knowledge to be provided for those micro enterprises, which “play a huge role in the global economy” (Satar, Epstein, & Yuthas, 2009, p. 29). The importance of the notions provided in the article can be linked to the program by showing the importance of areas of knowledge on the individual scales. Given the examples of microbusinesses as options out of necessity, it can be stated that the current economic situation in the world enforces obtaining such kind of knowledge. In that regard, it can be stated that the notions of finances, administration, and management are becoming a part of most institutions in society, whether profit or not. In that regard, it can be stated that the topics discussed in the article, either outlining the necessity for knowledge, providing the overview of the usage of this type of knowledge on the individual and the business level, and the way a gap in such knowledge can be filled. Accordingly, acknowledging the importance of such knowledge in retrospect, I can state that I have obtained the majority of the skills outlined by the authors. With the different levels of proficiency in the skills obtained, I can state that further development and/or obtaining the missing one can be achieved through self-learning. In that regard, the differences in the skills obtained and their proficiency can be attributed to the lack of practice, an aspect that can be compensated through self-learning. The extensive availability of access to free information on the internet can be useful for polishing the skills that I already have, or obtaining new ones. Nevertheless, I do believe that practice is the best method of integrating the acquired theoretical material into real life. Conclusion It can be concluded that the article provided a necessary insight that defines the necessity of knowledge in a practical context. Many of the aspects taught in schools do not have a practical implementation in real life, while the author outlined several areas of knowledge that are not only necessary for microbusinesses and micro enterprises, but also for people on the individual level. In that regard, I believe that I have the knowledge for both cases. References Satar, S. M., Epstein, M. J., & Yuthas, K. (2009). Management Accounting and Control: Lessons for and from the World’s Tiniest Businesses. Strategic Finance .
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Specific Forces Within Global Automobile Industry Case Study Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. The Three Most Important Factors 3. The Intensity of Each of the Forces 4. Implications for Profit-Making 5. Conclusion Introduction The current instability in the automobile sector arises from an array of factors in the business environment ranging from competition to consumers’ bargaining potential. Porter’s Five-Force model is applicable to the automobile manufacturing sector. It is crucial to critically examine specific forces that have contributed to the unstable nature of the global automobile industry. The Three Most Important Factors The Five-Force framework assesses the profitability of businesses by considering the level of competition, the potential of new entrants, suppliers’ powers, consumers’ influence, and the threat posed by substitute commodities and services. The three important factors that seem to influence each of the above elements in the automobile industry include political interferences, economic changes, and environmental concerns. According to Potter (2017), governments rely considerably on the automobile sector and related stakeholders, including suppliers, because they make considerable contributions to taxation, employment, GDP, and balance of payments. Furthermore, Potter (2017) also underlines that changes in economic structures such as the case of Brexit have a significant impact on organisations’ profitability in the automotive industry since manufacturers, suppliers, and customers have to deal with uncertainty. According to Potter (2017), the issue of environmental sustainability also influences customers and manufacturers’ choices. This claim is founded on the awareness that automobiles contribute to pollution. The Intensity of Each of the Forces Each of the five forces poses a certain degree of intensity in the industry. Potter (2017) reveals that the intensity of competition in the industry is high because leading competitors, including VW and Toyota, rival each other. The potential of new entrants in the industry is medium due to the cost associated with the large-scale manufacture of automobiles. Potter (2017) points out that globalisation enhances the power of new entrants in the automotive industry as seen in the case of VW’s entry into the Chinese market, which has enabled the European automaker to sell at least 2 million units annually. Suppliers’ influence is medium in the automobile sector because manufacturers have resorted to diversifying and outsourcing activities in the wake of technological innovations. According to Potter (2017), buyers’ authority is high. In particular, Toyota and Hyundai failed to record remarkable sales from their hydrogen-driven cars. Moreover, the threat of substitutes in the automobile industry is low due to the convenience associated with owning a vehicle. Implications for Profit-Making The intensity of each of the five forces has a significant influence on the profitability of companies in the automobile industry. According to Potter (2017), highly competitive automakers in the industry, including Toyota, Honda, and Nissan, realise greater profits compared to their less competitive counterparts such as General Motors and Ford. The medium intensity associated with the potential of new entrants has a relatively low influence on profitability in the automobile sector because established companies such as Toyota have a considerable market share due to the technological and financial advantages they enjoy (Potter 2017). The medium intensity associated with suppliers implies their moderate influence on the productivity of automakers. As Potter (2017) uncovers, buyers can reduce the prices of automobiles. As a result, manufacturers should offer products that meet customers’ purchasing power in various market segments. Moreover, the low intensity related to the threat of substitutes has an insignificant influence on the level of profits realised in the automobile sector. Potter (2017) reveals the extent to which competition and buyers’ potential can influence the profitability of automakers in comparison to the intensity associated with other aspects of Porter’s five forces. Conclusion The automobile sector has experienced extensive instability in the recent past because of the dynamic nature of politics, business environments, and economic structures in various markets. These factors influence Porter’s five forces and, consequently, the profitability of automakers. Issues such as the high level of competition and the increasing power of customers in the automobile industry pose significant influence on profitability. Therefore, due to the instability experienced in the sector, automakers need to enhance their competitive strategies by ensuring that they meet the ever-changing needs and expectations of consumers.
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Anti-Cosa Nostra Law Enforcement Strategies Essay Introduction Organized crime poses a major threat to both the United States national security and economy. These crimes are perpetrated domestically as well as across borders making their investigation and prosecutions difficult. The Webster’s New World law dictionary defines organized crime as “a widespread group of professional criminals who rely on illegal activities as a way of life and whose activities are coordinated and controlled through some form of centralized syndicate” (Your dictionary.com). Organized crime takes the following forms; drug trafficking, arms trafficking, cigarette trafficking, white-collar crime, bank fraud, terrorism, and computer crime among others. Behind every organized crime is an organized criminal organization. This essay uses law enforcement strategies, tools, and federal statutes to investigate and prosecute members of La Cosa Nostra. Cosa Nostra is an organized criminal organization operating in the United States but traces its origin to Italy. The organization, though secretive, is well established in the United States with its many family organizations operating in major states including New York City. I find the investigation of Cosa Nostra important because its criminal activities pose a major threat to the United States economy. The group engages in many racketeering activities including drug trafficking, extortion, and kidnapping. La Cosa Nostra is also the oldest criminal organization in the United States whose existence dates back to the late 19 th century. Using law enforcement strategies, tools, and federal statutes to investigate and prosecute members of La Cosa Nostra Investigating organized crimes can be challenging, but not impossible given the available strategies and tools. To investigate the organized crime activities of Cosa Nostra, I will use the following tools and law enforcement strategies. Informants Informants can either be members of the public, victims of crime, or even police officers. During investigations, informants can provide information on; the nature and organization of the organized crime group, criminal activities of the group, patterns of the organized group’s activities, and any other important leading information. The Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 ( ) enhances organized crime investigation by assigning Grand Juries the responsibility to investigate and produce reports on organized crime organizations. During my investigations, I will make use of informants, which in this case will involve both police officers, as well as members of the public. I will also look at available reports on Cosa Nostra to find any important information. I will be more interested in gathering information about the main states where Cosa Nostra operate, the family groups of Cosa Nostra, the magnitude of their criminal activities, and how they carry out their criminal activities. Since informants become the main witnesses during prosecution, it is important to assure them of their security. The Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 allows for witness protection hence can be enforced during prosecutions to provide security for witnesses. Surveillances Title III of Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 permits interception of communication of suspected criminals including organized crime organizations. By enforcing this act, many organized criminal activities were exposed. Through wiretapping communication from Cosa Nostra members, I will be able to gather first-hand information on their activities and use it as evidence during prosecution. Undercover operations Trained police officers can understate undercover operations to obtain factual evidence and facilitate prosecution. Undercover operations had worked well in the investigation and prosecution of organized crimes in the United States, but following the September 11 terrorist attack, attention shifted to antiterrorism ( ). This is justified by the drastic drop in FBI agent utilization after September 11, 2001. Either way, I will make use of the available agents to perform an undercover operation on this group and gather some information. Prosecution Even though organized crime poses a major threat to the United States security and economy, there has been a notable decline in a prosecution since 2001. Probably more attention is given to terrorism letting other organized crimes flourish. This is also manifested by the shift from traditional strategies of fighting organized crime to counterterrorism-related activities ( ). After gathering enough evidence concerning the organized crime activities of La Cosa Nostra, I will use the following law enforcement strategies, tools, and federal statutes to prosecute them. Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) Since its enactment, the RICO statute has been an important federal tool in prosecuting perpetrators of organized crime ( ). It allows for the prosecution of perpetrators of racketeering activities within 10 years ( ). I will use this statute to press charges against Cosa Nostra members. RICO even allows me to charge Cosa Nostra with organized criminal activities they have perpetrated during the ten years, hence a good statute for prosecuting such a group. Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Statutes Following the passage of RICO, Congress enacted Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering legislations, which allow the federal government to combat organized crimes by destabilizing the financial structure and assets of the group. For instance, the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 allows for the forfeiture of the proceeds obtained from racketeering activity ( ). The Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act of 2000 also allows for the forfeiture of assets obtained through organized crimes. Using these federal statutes, I will be able to press charges against Cos Nostra group and demand that their assets, both financial and physical be forfeited. Conclusion After researching through the available law enforcement strategies, tools, and federal statutes, I can therefore conclude that there are enough strategies, tools, and federal statutes that can be used to prosecute an organized criminal organization like Cosa Nostra. However, it is worth noting that the federal government has done very little to ensure the enforcement of these laws and statutes to combat organized criminal activities, probably due to the shift of attention towards counterterrorism.
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Cash Flow and Related Decisions in Business Activity Coursework Cash flow is how a business will receive and spend money at any particular time. In this essence cash flow is a determinant to various important decisions in the organization that have to be considered. They include investing, lending, basic business operations and other supplements. One of the areas where cash flow is important is in basic operations of the business activity. Cash is received or used as a result of the business activities involved in a company. It includes cash gained as compared to the capital in the business. For an organization, its solvency has to be positive. In this case solvency is the state of not being in debt such that the company can sustain itself as noted by Bodie, Kane and Marcus (2004). In operations, we try to determine the things that the business needs to operate on. In my Example I will use the Sarova hotels where we have a worldwide customer base. In this case we have to maintain a constant supply of foodstuff with or without customers. By this, cash flow comes in the sustenance of the hotel to continue being in operation at any one moment in time including when we have an in surge of customers. Cash flow is also important when we are making decisions on investments. Investments include changes in assets of the organization according to Epstein and Eva (2007). Changes may be in the form acquiring new assets or the sale of old ones. For example, when the Sarova group of hotels has run short of customers, it can invest in various fields such as accrual of luxurious facilities to entice the customers or get involved in more advertising locally or overseas. Companies with enough cash at hand are able to invest it back into the business to generate even more cash and make more profit. Another important decision is in financing activities which basically entail reports on the issuance and probable repurchase of the company’s bonds and even stock. It can also encompass payment of dividends accrued on shares and stocks. Sarova hotel being a vast company may want to acquire some of its previously sold out shares or be involved with some charity details. This cannot happen if the company is almost at a dead end. Otherwise it has to be at a higher equity. For financing of any mode to take place the company must ensure that a high cash flow is maintained whether through soliciting for more cash from creditors or involving more credit in the business outsource as noted by Plewa and Friedlob (1995). There are various activities that also do require more knowledge on cash flow. We will refer to them as supplements. According to Epstein and Eva (2007) these may include taxes, interests paid and other exchanges that do not involve cash. In my case, Sarova may want to organize an office end of the year party, pay off loans and other activities which are not necessarily in the day to day running of the business. In a way cash flow can be used to determine how much a company is worth. This is an essential decision to investors who may want to buy a company or potential sale of a company. It’s also useful when it is required to borrow loans from financial lending institutions. References 1. Bodie, Z., Alex, K. and Marcus, J. (2004). Essentials of investments, 5 th ed. McGraw- Hill Irwin. 2. Epstein, B. and Eva, K. J. (2007). Interpretation and application of international financial reporting standards. John Wiley & Sons. 3. Franklin, J., Plewa, G & F, Thomas (1995). Understanding cash flow . John Wiley & Sons.
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Walt Disney World Company’s Information Essay 1. Mostly the official Disney World in Orlando website was used to compile a description of the company and find more detailed information about it (“Walt Disney World”, n.d.). In particular, to describe the company, materials from the site were used that describe the options available to customers to spend their vacations. The section of the site describing vocation packages was a priority source of information, as the page provides data on all options, descriptions, and costs (“Make a dream come true, ” n. d.). The information received was structured to identify the most important aspects for further analysis. 2. STEPPED analysis and discussion allow defining social, tech, economic, political, environmental, and demographic aspects of the described company. 1. Social factors include cultural identity, values, and the lifestyle of the society within which the company operates. These include healthy lifestyle and nutritional trends, as well as the possibility of a variety of family vacations. 2. The technological aspects include the need for a developed infrastructure, as well as modern technological equipment of the company. In particular, in relation to the described company, such factors include the types of transport using which customers quickly get to the location and modern equipment for activities. 3. Economic factors are the most important and include various economic indicators. In particular, for the described company, aspects such as competition in the industry and the general state of the market are important. 4. Political factors include various laws and regulations that the government introduces. In relation to the described company, such legal aspects as the protection of intellectual property and stable political conditions in the market are relevant. 5. Environmental factors reflect how a company’s activities affect the environment. In relation to the described company, such factors as the use of renewable and sustainable energy, as well as the recycling and reuse of water and other resources, are relevant. 6. Demographic factors include more varied age of customers. 3. The company’s internal response to external factors ensures its stable position in the market. 1. Social factors influence company performance through customer and employee behavior. In this situation, the greatest influence is on the attitude of customers towards the services provided by the company. Disney World meets the demands of people for outdoor activities within an urban environment as well as a variety of family activities. The answer to this external aspect is presented in the form of creating active recreation programs for people of different ages. 2. Technological externalities require the company to use advanced technologies. In particular, augmented reality and the widespread use of mobile devices are key for this industry. The company is the largest entertainment provider in the world, so they can afford the advanced technology equipment. 3. The company operates within the U. S. market, which is currently experiencing increasing demand. The U. S. market is the company’s main source of revenue, and the industry is currently stable enough not to pose a threat. However, the growing Chinese entertainment market could pose an economic threat. The company’s internal response should be to provide new options for customers. 4. Political external factors do not have a critical impact on the company since the industry is quite stable in the legal field. However, companies should pay special attention to copyright laws to protect their services and materials. 5. The company’s response to environmental factors could be the development of autonomous power supply systems for parks and the development of a network of renewable energy resources. 6. In response to demographic aspects, the company focuses not only on children’s recreation but also on adult activities. STEPPED External Context Internal Response Social Demand in an active vocation within the urban area Introducing new options for family active vocation Technology Development of mobile technologies and augmented reality technologies Introducing more activities involving mobile devices and relevant technologies Economic Political Stable legal conditions of the market More attention to copyright laws Environmental Global warming Resources of renewable energy, autonomous energy supplies, recycling water Demographic Broader age groups More activities for adults References Make a dream come true . Walt Disney World. Web. Walt Disney World . (n. d). Walt Disney World. Web.
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Social & Historical Transformations caused by the ‘Book’ as the First Mass Medium Cause and Effect Essay Today, the mass media plays a fundamental role in not only forming and reflecting the needs and opinions of people, but also connecting diverse perspectives to individuals and reproducing the self-image of society (Crowley, 2006). When these roles are played back to the past, it is evidently clear that the ‘book’ as the first mass medium instituted some major transformations whose effects helped shape society in ways that inarguably influences our very own thought systems, values, and attitudes. It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate some of the social and historical transformations caused by the book as the first mass medium. While it is known that the Sumerians were the first to write using words about five thousand years ago, and the codex – a traditional modern form of the book – has been around for about nineteen hundred years, the first known book not written by hand originated from China just around the ninth century AD (A History of the Book, n.d.). Later day technologies have enabled the ‘book’ to be mass-produced and mass-read using various formats and, currently, the convergence of technology has enabled people to read books online. On the social front, the ‘book’ has caused many transformations, especially in availing a medium through which people from diverse cultural backgrounds could read books to share knowledge and improve their literacy levels (Crowley, 2006). The adage ‘information is power’ has been well documented over the years, and the ‘book’ served well as the first mass medium to disperse knowledge to individuals across diverse geographic locations, thus giving them the power to not only make informed decisions and take control of their lives, but also to have a reference point through which they could effectively find solutions to the everyday problems. This is inline with the fundamental tenets of any form of mass medium. The book, through the reproduction and distribution of standardized knowledge, can also be credited for initializing social coordination (Crowley, 2006). To reinforce this point, books allowed people and societies to use standardized ways and procedures of doing things that had been developed by ancient thinkers through objective and elaborate means, and therefore instituted social coordination. Also, books brought into the fore the aura of enjoyment and excitement, especially to ardent book readers. On the historical front, it is clear that the discovery of the book as the first mass medium led to the storage and transfer of knowledge that clearly informed the decisions made by political leaders, religious leaders and philosophers of that time. According to Frost (1998), “…sectarians in north and eastern Africa adopted the codex book as a medium for their literature as is exemplified by the fourth century Gnostic books found at Nag Hammadi” (para. 2). The knowledge that the codex was also principally used by early missionaries and other sectarians to disperse the Christian teachings in areas such as the Balkan Peninsula, Africa, and Asia Minor has also been well documented. This lead to great historical transformations, which saw multitudes of people convert to the Christian doctrine and profess its faith, not because of what could be seen in the physical realm, but because of what was contained in the book (Frost, 1998). Visionary leaders of the past have projected diverse political and social orientations that are unified by what these readers read in the books rather than their own personal perceptions and viewpoints (Frost, 1998). For instance, it can be argued that traditional Russian political leaders such as Joseph Stalin and others were very much influenced by the writings of Karl Marx to an extent that they saw the establishment of a socialist state as the only true way to govern the populace. To date, such historical transformations still influence the political thinking of Russian leaders and the general population. As such, it can be safely concluded that the ‘book’ as the first mass medium caused profound social and historical transformations. Reference List A History of the Book . (n.d.). Web. Crowley, D. (2007). Communication in History: Technology, Culture, Society 5 th Ed. London: Allyn & Bacon Frost, G. (1998). Adoption of the codex book: Parable of a new reading mode . Retrieved from < http://cool.conservation-us.org/coolaic/sg/bpg/annual/v17/bp17-10.html >
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Computer Mediated Learning Analytical Essay There are many definitions available that attempt to explain learning processes delivered, enabled or mediated using electronic technology for the explicit purpose of learning. These definitions include such terms as distance learning which may occur even in the absence of electronic technology. Distance learning has for a long time been performed using correspondence (Fee, 2009). An example of these terms is computer mediated learning which is used to define any learning process that is facilitated by electronic technology. Computer mediated learning therefore implies that the learning could be facilitated by both one way and two way learning exchanges as well as learner to learner exchanges. Among the terms that are often used and erroneously taken to have the same meaning as computer mediated learning is the term computer authored learning. Computer authored learning defines a learning process that is designed or engineered through the use of computer technology (Distefano, Rudestam & Silverman, 2004). This mode of learning involves the use of authoring tools which are computer programs. These programs are used to create powerful scripts that can create useful learning content. Prior to the emergence of the internet such tools were commonly used to ease the process of learning. In some reports it is stated that by 1993, there were over 165 authoring tools available for use by instructors (Distefano, Rudestam & Silverman, 2004). However, with the emergence of the internet web authoring tools have fast replaced these tools. In fact many web page developers have taken to use the authoring to describe the process of web page creation (Distefano, Rudestam & Silverman, 2004). One major advantage that is the result of the emergence of the World Wide Web is the ease with which content can be changed and updated. This appears to have been a major short coming of the early models of computer authored learning tools. Other terms that have long been used interchangeably with computer mediated learning are computer based training and computer assisted instruction. These approaches have for long used embedded questions in an instructional module to determine paths for individual students (Ifenthaler & Seel, 2010). One of the most common uses of this approach is in the testing of students located in various remote locations. The modern approach is to use the results from the tests to guide the provision of instruction based on student needs (Ifenthaler & Seel, 2010). As the discussion has indicated many of these different terms were used based on the needs of the vendor. The goal appeared to have been to place the vendor at the center stage. Based on these many definitions there has been a need to come up with a single term that will provide a convenient umbrella for all these different activities. (Fee, 2009). Terms such as distance learning that emerged from learning institutions though authoritative are still quite diverse. It is for this reason that the term e-learning is fact becoming a more convenient umbrella term than any of the previously mentioned definitions. According to the American Society for Training and Development, “e-learning covers a wide set of applications such as web based learning, computer based learning, virtual classrooms and digital collaboration” (Fee, 2009). This definition appears suitable especially due to the fact that this is the world’s largest professional body for professional development and learning. The organizations membership is reported to be in the range of 70,000 and the body can be found in almost 100 countries across the globe (Fee, 2009). This large membership and global representation makes this body more suitable than most to define learning that involves the use of computers and digital technology. It is possible that as times goes by this term and the accompanying definition will replace the many confusing terms that have been used both in the past and today to describe the role and interaction between computer, students and instruction. References DiStefano, A., Rudestam. K. E., &Silverman, R. J. (2004). Encyclopedia of Distributed Learning . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc. Fee, K. (2009). Delivering E-Learning: A complete strategy for design, application and assessment . London: Kogan Page Limited. Ifenthaler, D., & Seel, N. M. (2010). Computer-Based Diagnostics and Systematic Analysis of Knowledge . New York: Springer Science + Business Media LLC.
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Besides the large amount of capital investment required, the industry is also characterized by high level of engineering expertise. Therefore, car manufacturing companies have to incorporate lots of technology to compete favorably in the industry. Regulations also pose some challenges to car manufacturers. To survive in this industry, Porsche uses a number of strategies. Some of the approaches used by Porsche include: diversification to global markets, manufacturing top brand cars, innovation, creating strategic companions, divergence and loyalty. Porsche sought to expand to international markets through exportation which is perceived to be a cost effective method compared to establishing branches. Effective expansion to transnational markets is believed to result not only to greater economy of scale but it also intensifies market penetration. Rather than modifying its brand in the international markets as other manufacturers do, Porsche provides the same brand throughout the world. This can be viewed as a low risk trade-off strategy that is helpful in preventing intercontinental product dilution and allows it to remain steady in terms of costs. Producing high quality sports car is also an important Porsche strategy. Porsche manufactures high performance cars that provides long term dependability compared to any other brand. To produce high quality cars, Porsche applies innovation and technology advancement generated from its racing programs. Even though they continue to produce high quality cars, they have kept their car cost comparatively cheaper to capture many customers. Another useful strategy employed by Porsche is the development of strategic partners. The corporation forms alliances with other companies in a bid to acquire modern technologies in car manufacturing. For instance, in 1999 Porsche acquired 49% of Miseschke Hoffman and Partner (MHP), which served to improve the information technology services and Porsche’s process Engineering. Porsche is also keen in forming associations that do not require equity capital. Porsche has continued to diversify its brands to meet the changing demands of its clients. For example, when the customer preference to SUV hit the market in 90s, Porsche decided to diversity its production to include SUV. This move became so lucrative that it fueled Porsche’s developments in many years that followed. Finally, loyalty to production of top brand quality remains the commitment of Porsche. Therefore, customers also remain devoted to Porsche because they provide whatever the needs of their customers. Analysis of the financial statements of Porsche indicates a continued economic growth. For instance, in the 2008/2009 financial year Porsche made a net profit of 8 million Euros while net profit for the period 2009/2010 was 4,496 million euros. Analysis of the balance sheet also indicates an increment from 7,993 million Euros in financial year ended July 2009 to 16,977 million euros in July 2010. This economic growth could have been contributed by expansion to international markets and continued customer preference to Porsche. Internal and External Issues Even though Porsche strives to excel in the industry, it is faced by both internal and external influences. One of the major external issues is stiff competition offered by other car manufacturing companies. As with the nature of car manufacturing industry, continued changes in customer preference, technology and industry dynamics pose a serious challenge to Porsche. Some of the competitors of Porsche include BMW, Mercedes Benz and Volkswagen. Another significant issue affecting Porsche is government regulations. The U.S government set a higher minimum mpg rating requirements for cars. The government also imposes higher fines on cars that do not meet the minimum mpg requirement. Even though Porsche is committed to manufacturing fuel efficient cars, higher mpg rating and the higher fines set poses a serious challenge in the U.S, where most of its car sales take place. Internally, Porsche is also faced by a number of issues. One of the major internal issues affecting Porsche is poor management. When the corporation became a victim of financial meltdown in the year 2008, it could not be able to secure the resources required to gain control of the VW Auto Group. In contrast, VW group were able to acquire Porsche during the 2010 reverse takeover. The VW group management consequently transferred the top management of Porsche to other brands under its umbrella to use Porsche’s expertise. Again, Porsche has not been able to produce cars with high mpg rating to meet the minimum requirement set by the U.S government. This indicates an internal weakness in technological design and management. Recommendations To remain at the top in the car manufacturing industry, Porsche need to make improvements especially in management and technological advancement. Management restructuring is important because it will help in the development of the corporation with regard to capital base and customers. Porsche should improve in their car manufacturing technology to meet the minimum mpg rating required by the regulations. This will increase their sales in the U.S and avoid high amount of penalties imposed on their cars. Definitely, this will result into an increment in revenue for the company.
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High-profile athletes across disciplines have spoken up on how excruciating training, ongoing lifestyle restrictions, social isolation, and an inevitable race against time have affected their mental well-being during and after their sports careers. Most of these struggles are, to a degree, unavoidable, but an impossible standard of never-ending endurance that athletes have to face outside of practice and championships has undoubtedly made them even harder. The New York Times article Simone Biles Rejects a Long Tradition of Stoicism in Sports (2021) comments on the standard and the way American gymnast Simone Biles rejected it during the Summer Olympic Games 2020. It explores the tense and complex question of emotional vulnerability in big sports and the cost of such vulnerability. Right at the beginning, the article acknowledges the cultural shift toward acceptance of mental struggles both in general and particularly in athletes. An athlete of Simone Biles’ stature ten years ago, or even five years ago, might have been hesitant to admit that she battled with pressure, much less withdraw in the middle of an Olympic competition. Simone’s decision to quit the largest international event in the sports world has made her a poster figure of the relevant yet uncomfortable conversation. Success in sports, as well as in many other fields, is impossible without self-discipline and willingness to struggle. Yet, which point is considered a respectable place to pause and allow oneself to recover? After her pivotal decision, Simone has experienced online backlash with accusations of lack of patriotism and strength of spirit. It is therefore clear that for many people the overall result remains significantly more important than the mental well-being of an athlete. Such a setup, however, is an almost certain recipe for an eventual tragedy, a burn-out, or even worse, that could have been avoided if one’s mental needs had been taken seriously early enough. The article proceeds to recite the comments of Sian Beilock, the president of Barnard College, who studies the dynamic between outside pressures and the minds of athletes and business people. According to Beilock, the growing willingness of athletes to speak up proves that mental health issues touch everyone. Biles, Osaka, and others’ open admissions are, according to Beilock, essential in the ongoing endeavor to destigmatize the questions of mental health issues (Longam, 2021). If a renowned and successful athlete can experience anxiety, depression, and struggle with pressure in general, then regular people should not put unrealistic expectations on themselves. It can be devastating for an athlete to perform poorly at the most anticipated and public moment of their career. As such, admitting the pressure and taking a step back might be a smart decision not only within the moment but for the long-term trajectory of an athlete’s ongoing path in their chosen sport. Sustainable lasting success and consistent performance are only possible when a person recognizes and accepts their limits. There is no shame in needing the help of others, as well as there is bravery in admitting the fact and adjusting current actions. At the end of the day, unnecessary endurance does not necessarily reflect greater resolve within championships. As everyone has their resources, it is essential to utilize them in optimal ways without ignoring the basic needs of the human psyche. Reference Longman, J. (2021). Simone Biles rejects a long tradition of stoicism in sports . Web.
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Brazilian Tourism Development Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Lifestyle Show 3. Conclusion 4. Works Cited Introduction Tourism has remained one of the most adventurous activities in the world. Many people are increasingly venturing into tourism as a way of spending their vacations. “Tourism refers to travelling for leisure or business reasons” (Theobald 23). Tourists have always been faced with the dilemma of choosing a suitable destination for their holidays. Tourists who may wish to have a holiday worth remembering should think of visiting Brazil. This is because of the following reasons. Brazil is one of the most incredible tourist destinations located in South America. The profile of tourism in Brazil has remained very high for several decades. “This is because of its most colorful Rio de Janeiro Car naval, its famous football tradition and samba dance” (Santana 236). Lifestyle Show There are fabulous tourist attraction sites in Brazil. Before a person decides to visit Brazil, he or she can make early choices before going there. This is important because it would give a person the easiest time possible to locate the sites. A person can visit the destinations either as an individual or he can choose package tours. Brasilia is one of the major sites that one can tour upon reaching Brazil. Brasilia was founded in 1960 when it became the capital of Brazil. Most of the magnificent buildings within Brasilia were designed by a famous architect called Niemeyer. Brasilia is a lovely city that was ones bare with hardly any development. Today it is one of the busiest commercial cities in South America. This place will be of great fun for those people who would like to maintain the urban hustles while enjoying their holidays. Right from the airport there is a warm welcome by dancers who usher in visitors. There are splendid accommodation facilities within the city. International hotels have dotted every corner of the city and one has the option of choosing a suitable accommodation that meets his desire. There are also many well furnished restaurants which can be visited by people who like having drinks while listening to soothing music (Bogosian 67). Rio de Janeiro is another city that one should not fail to visit while having a holiday in Brazil. This city has a mystical beauty that has remained fascinating to many visitors. This city has a cosmopolitan culture and visitors can easily get used to the lifestyle here. “The city has got areas snuggled up between a splendid bay, and immaculate world famous beaches on one side, and a swiftly risen mountain range, roofed by a lavish tropical forest” (Wonderfullitems 67). Caraioca is a term used to refer to the people living in this city. This is because they lead a lavish lifestyle by drinking, playing and having all sorts of fun in the sand beaches. There is a huge museum that preserves all the artifacts found in Brazil, and it can be visited especially by people who may wish to learn more about the history of ancient Brazil. “The beauty of this city is further enhanced by the charming -long standing neighborhoods, striking parks and gardens” (Damaceno 2). Sao Paulo remains the largest city within the region of South America. There are also many attractions in this city that one can visit. Most of the people here are cultured and civilized. Cultural diversity in Sao Paulo makes it lively. “The popular tourist attractions here include Niemeyer’s Edifício Copan, the baroque Teatro Municipal, the Patío do Colégio and the Museu de Arte de Sáo Paulo” (Damaceno 23). “At one point Salvador da Bahia was the greatest city in Brazil” (Damaceno 123). It was established in 1549. This city has a rich culture and it is popular for its churches and elegant mansions. “Its numerous wild festivals and universal aestheticism and profligacy are also quite popular with the tourists” (Santana 231). It is always recognized for its historical slave trade. The slave business also left this place Africanized. Conclusion The future of tourism in Brazil remains bright and many players in the tourism industry are keen to make Brazil a better tourist destination. With the improvement of infrastructure and more investment in the tourism industry, we are therefore optimistic that the profile of Brazil tourism will remain high. Works Cited Bogosian, Francy Soares. Delicious Brazil. Brasilia: Create Space, 2008. Damaceno, Carlos. Tourism in Brazil. Sao Paulo: Thomson, 2009. Santana, Gui. Tourism in South America. Berkley: Wiley, 2009. Theobald, William. Global tourism. New York: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004. Wonderfullitems. Brazil Rio De Janeiro tourism. Brasilia: Primo, 2010. Rio de Janeiro.
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Foreign Exchange Markets Assess Essay Table of Contents 1. Purchasing Power Parity 2. Interest Rate Parity 3. International Fisher Effects 4. Fisher Effect 5. Covered Interest Arbitrage 6. Reference List Purchasing Power Parity The theory of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) suggests that currencies should be compared based on the premise of the differences between the levels of domestic and foreign inflation rates (Shapiro 2014). PPP should be seen as a notion that is parallel to the depreciation of domestic currency since it helps to indicate whether two specific currencies are in equilibrium at present (Shapiro 2014). Therefore, PPP is typically seen as an important element of financial analysis. The notion of PPP is often conflated with the law of one price, which posits that differences in exchange rates create the grounds for making financial forecasts in the financial context. Interest Rate Parity Unlike the PPP framework, the Interest Rate Parity (IRP) implies that the difference between interest rates of two currencies is equal to the forward exchange rate thereof (Shapiro 2014). The proposed way of viewing alterations in the interest rate contributes to the management of challenges associated with the location of future exchange rates, locate the current interest spot rates, and changes in the foreign exchange rates (Shapiro 2014). IRP is typically considered to be one of the essential notions that allow studying equilibrium economic relationships in a specific market. As a rule, two types of IRP are identified; these include covered and uncovered ones based on whether the no-arbitrage condition could be used for contract-related agreements. International Fisher Effects The International Fisher Effects (IFE) is another constituent of the analysis of equilibrium economic relationships. The IFE is defined as the theoretical framework that allows analyzing economic disparities between exchange rates of two different states (Shapiro 2014). Particularly, the IFE theory posits that there is a direct correlation between the exchange rates of currencies of particular states and the nominal interest rates within the countries under analysis (Shapiro 2014). As a result, depreciation of a particular currency can be identified, allowing one to take appropriate measures to address future financial and economic concerns. Fisher Effect The Fisher effect allows locating the connection between the real interest rate and the nominal one. Particularly, according to the Fisher effect, the two are equal when taking the levels of inflation into account, which implies that both are reduced significantly once inflation levels rise within a particular state (Shapiro 2014). By adjusting the real interest rate, one can determine the pace of the economic growth within a state, thus outlining the further changes that may need to be made to improve the economic situation (Shapiro 2014). Furthermore, the income that loans produce for lenders can be located with the help of the Fisher effect. Covered Interest Arbitrage Since investors face a range of risks in the context of the global market, gauging the expected risk rates is essential for lenders and other participants of economic relationships to reduce the threat of financial losses. The application of the Covered Interest Arbitrage (CIA), in turn, contributes to a drop in risk rates for investors. By considering rate differential, investors reduce risks to a considerable extent. Reference List Shapiro, AC 2014, Multinational financial management , 10th edn, Wiley, New York, NY.
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Global Warming and Agriculture Essay In recent years our planet has changed greatly. People develop their society, consuming more and more nature resources and forgetting about the aftermaths of the mindless attitude to the environment. As the result, there has been a huge change in climate of our planet which of course influenced people greatly. The first and the most obvious result of the global warming is the decrease of the harvest in the majority of regions all over the world. There is an obvious decrease of the wheat and maize yields, which in its turn led to the oscillations in its price (Suzman para. 8). This fact influences the whole world market of the crops and the consumers. That is why the mitigation of the negative impact of climate change on the agricultural sector should be the main goal to achieve. There are two possible solutions of this problem: development of the new kind of draught resilient crops and using new renewable sources of energy, which can be found on farms and be profitable for.owners. The farmers are the first to feel the change. Depending form the harvest of crops grown on their fields, they clearly understand the importance of some immediate actions in order to prevent catastrophic consequences of the change in climate. For example, irregular rains and floods, changing with the periods of draught and insects can totally destroy their harvest (Suzman para. 7). The results will be poor for the farmer and the agricultural sector in the whole. Crashed farms will not be able to satisfy the need of the state in the corn and the problems with the food supply can appear. The solution of this problem lies in two different steps, the aim of which will be to reduce the loss of harvest and face off threat from the agricultural sector. One solution to the problem of draughts and the reducing of the harvest of crops would be to introduce new more resilient kinds of plants, which will be able not only to survive under the declining conditions, but to give a good harvest for the farmers to be able to earn some money and plant new seeds again. The global understanding of the need of this change is necessary. The thought of the relevancy of using new modified seeds should be explained to farmers on the examples of their yields. The problem of global warming and the climate change can also be solved by the introduction of the new renewable sources of energy. The use of solar power can decrease the wastes of the huge electro stations and adjourn the negative effects of their work. However, the main idea of this method is to use sources, which could be found on farms, for their owners to have benefit. In the states with the developed dairy industry, for example California, the manure can also be used as the source of the energy, giving profit to farmers (Bergmann para. 12). The advantages of this solution are its comparatively low price and the easy-approach. Having analyzed the facts we can conclude that some immediate actions in the agricultural sector are needed in order to protect corps form the aftermaths of human activity. There are some possible solutions which can help to make things better and stop decline of farmers. New kinds of crops and alternative sources of energy should be considered as the main remedies for farmers to use. The issue of the climate change should not be ignored as one day the humanity may face the much more worse problem – the problem of hunger. Works Cited Bergmann, M. California farmers unite to adapt to climate change . California Economic Summit. 2014. Web. Suzman, M. How to equip farmers for climate change. CNN. 2014. Web.
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Strategy Development in the Hospitality Industry Report Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Adaptation 3. Aggregation 4. Arbitrage 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Adaptation, Aggregation, and Arbitrage are the major directions of global development. Effectively combining these ways of international operation is essential for the company’s success. This analysis will focus on InterContinental Hotel Group and IBIS Hotels to discuss the use of these strategies in the hospitality industry. Adaptation Adaptation is a key aspect of the hospitality industry. The cultural specifics of each country and region need to be taken into consideration when designing hotels. The IBIS adapts by changing the format of their hotels to fit the demand. While the company is owned and centrally operated by the Accor Hotels Group, each hotel is unique and answers the demands of the local market. Accor marketing is also market-specific. Each region has a separate team ready to operate in a specific environment. InterContinental Hotel Group (IHG) approaches the adaptation differently. The company itself owns less than 1% of the hotels they manage (IHG, 2012). Most of the locations are franchised and operate by the set corporate standards. At the same time, each owner can adapt by utilizing their knowledge of the local market and audience. Franchising is an incredibly effective form of adaptation if it is correctly maintained. The franchisees can both fine-tune the overall corporate strategy and provide valuable feedback for the central governing company. These mutually beneficial relationships allow the company to respond to the varied demands of the global market incredibly efficiently (Brown and Dev, 1997). Since the IHG is one of the most efficient franchising companies in the hospitality industry, it is safe to assume that they have mastered this strategy. Compared to it, the customization of the individual hotels is a much weaker approach that does not offer the same level of flexibility. Accor Hotels will likely benefit from utilizing the franchising model for some of its facilities. At the same time, the IHG can further its advantage by strengthening the bonds between the franchisees and the central company even more. Aggregation Both companies are using aggregation to create a competitive advantage for themselves. Currently, one of the most effective forms of aggregation in the hospitality industry is a centralized online service that both firms utilize. The IBIS is a part of Accor’s online booking system which allows the holding to effectively manage and analyze the orders (Accor, 2014). The IHG is using a set of mobile applications combined with the roomkey.com search engine which allows the company to direct the users towards the hotels they are most likely to enjoy. As the research shows, aggregation is an effective strategy for countries with similar cultures (Szymanski, Bharadwaj & Varadarajan, 1993). Since the hotel companies operate worldwide and deal with guests from a diverse set of cultural backgrounds, implementing a relatively low degree of standardization is a viable approach. However, other researchers note that the power of the brand name can be a major advantage in struggling for the customers in the global market if it is backed up by consistent quality standards (Whitla, Walters & Davies, 2007). The online markets are universal and can be effective at centralizing the booking process and directing customers no matter what their country of origin is. That makes them an ideal solution for both IBIS and the IHG. At the same time, both companies set consistent requirements for all their hotels which allow for customization while ensuring that the brand name remains strong. All these factors combined contribute to the efficient aggregation strategies utilized by the companies. Arbitrage Using the arbitrage strategy in the hospitality industry is somewhat problematic. Each hotel needs to be mostly self-contained, and the ability to distribute the production chain is limited. The IHG uses arbitrage by maintaining several qualified professionals in the First World countries who provide management advice for the franchisees. That allows the company to take the fullest advantage of the high-quality education those specialists have without hiring them for each separate hotel. The IBIS is a more centralized company without significant franchising projects. Each hotel is using only certified suppliers. That assures quality but prevents the company from effectively utilizing the arbitrage strategy for their supply chain. The IBIS can make better use of this approach to acquire a competitive advantage. That can be achieved by developing a more flexible company structure and allowing the hotel directors to seek out local suppliers who might offer more lucrative deals while still satisfying the company standards. Conclusion The hospitality industry calls for an adaptive and flexible approach to global operations since the hotels invariably deal with people of all social standings and cultural backgrounds. At the same time, standardization allows the companies to offer a consistent quality of service all around the globe. From the two companies analyzed, the IHG is more efficient at utilizing the AAA strategies. They use the method of aggregation similar to IBIS while implementing much more effective adaptation and arbitrage methods. On the other hand, the strategy focused mostly on aggregation which is employed by the IBIS is much easier to manage and carries fewer risks and expenses as a result (Ghemawat, 2007). References Accor 2014, Registration Document and Annual Financial Report, Web. Brown, J & Dev, C 1997, ‘The Franchisor-Franchisee Relationship: A Key to Franchise Performance’, The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly , vol. 38, no. 6, pp.4-38. Ghemawat, P 2007, ‘How to Choose Your Global Strategy’, Notes on Globalization and Strategy , vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 4-5. IHG 2012, Annual Report and Financial Statements , Web. Szymanski, D, Bharadwaj, S, & Varadarajan, P 1993, ‘Standardization versus Adaptation of International Marketing Strategy: An Empirical Investigation’, Journal of Marketing , vol. 57 no. 4, p.1. Whitla, P, Walters, P & Davies, H 2007, ‘Global strategies in the international hotel industry’, International Journal of Hospitality Management , vol. 26, no. 4, pp.777-792.
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The Efficiency of the Teamwork Case Study Table of Contents 1. Motivation 2. Leadership 3. Team Dynamics 4. Works Cited The efficiency of the teamwork has to be profoundly analyzed since it defines the quality of the performance of the organization (West 19). Motivation, leadership, and team dynamics are the key determiners of the efficiency of the team. In this case, the primary goal of the paper is to determine the problems mentioned above and propose the suitable solutions. Motivation Motivation is an essential element of work, as it increases the productivity of the workers (Landy and Conte 365). In the case, study Parker paid substantial attention to the quantity of the production. Additionally, he tried to motivate other team members with the assistance of the financial award. It has to be mentioned that he was acting aggressively. Nonetheless, his aggressive behavior was able to create the competition among the other team members and encourage them to work harder. However, in the end, they were not able to achieve the desired goal since each team player required an individual approach. In this case, different motivational strategies have to be used for every person. It is evident that every individual has a personal perception of the success and consider various factors as the key motivators (Haivas, Hofmans and Papermans 326). It is apparent that drive, incentive, arousal, and instinct models are actively used as motivators (“Approaches to Motivation” par. 4). In this case, it is evident that aggressive leadership and cultivation were suitable methods to motivate all the team members expect of Millar. It is clear that Parker should encourage Millar to do his job by praising his efforts and contribution. In this instance, Millar would have worked harder since he would be interested in hearing positive statements about his personality. Leadership Leadership is essential and involves various activities, which supervise the teams (Clarke-Epstein 11). It is apparent that in this case, the aggressive leadership style was not appropriate. It is evident that the leader was not considering the opinions and views of the team members. Additionally, he did not try to find the solutions to the conflicts. Using this approach was motivational and practical only for some members of the team. It is apparent that being more democratic and taking opinions and suggestions of the other team members into account would have been a better solution. In this instance, the most appropriate and efficient approach would have been found, and the work would have been completed on time. Lastly, being more democratic will involve strong interactions and motivate people more effectively since; in this case, the team members would not feel ashamed to express their dissatisfaction with work and propose potential solutions to enhance the efficiency of the working process. Team Dynamics Team dynamics involves the interaction of two or more individuals to reach the business purposes (Eckes 3). It is apparent that there is an intense interdependence between team dynamics, leadership, and motivation. It is evident that the lack of motivation and aggressive leadership style resulted in the creation of misconceptions about the roles of the teams. Additionally, the lack of communication created the conflicting attitudes towards each other between different team members. It could be said that these are the primary problems, which were revealed while analyzing the group dynamics in the case study. As for the solutions, it is apparent that implementations of more democratic leadership approach and the introduction of the individual motivational methods will result in the improvement of the positive relationships within the group. Nonetheless, in this instance, the leader has to contribute to the development of communication within the group. It is evident that sufficient flow of information will assist in finding relevant and suitable solutions to the rising problems. Works Cited Approaches to Motivation 2014. Web. Clarke-Epstein, Chris. 78 Important Questions Every Leader Should Ask and Answer . New York: American Management Association, 2002. Print. Eckes, George. Six Sigma Team Dynamics: The Elusive Key to Project Success . Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2003. Print. Haivas, Simona, Joeri Hofmans and Roland Papermans.” ‘What Motivates You Doesn’t Motivate Me’: Individual Differences in the Needs Satisfaction–Motivation Relationship of Romanian Volunteers.” Applied Psychology 63.2 (2014): 326-343. Print. Landy, Frank, and Jeffrey Conte. Work in the 21 st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology . Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. Print. West, Michael. Effective Teamwork: Practical Lessons from Organizational Research . Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. Print.
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The book covers a variety of problems and phenomena occurring in the dynamic interaction between governmental power, private stakeholders, and politics of identity. One of the topics that the authors approach with persuasive argumentation, attention to historical detail, and accessible language is zoning laws. Judd and Hinze write that before the 20th century, Americans had a distrust for big cities. The negative sentiment faded away after a few decades, and what took its place was the rise of the fragmented metropolis. People residing in the cities were sorting themselves out in different kinds of neighborhoods, depending on their social class. Soon zoning laws emerged to preserve land values and uphold social and racial segregation. In the 20th century, zoning laws included so-called deed restrictions. A sharp separation was enforced by developers who were prohibiting property owners from selling or renting to Black people and other underprivileged demographics. The rationale behind the unfair treatment was that those populations were considered to be a threat to property value. Since then, deed restrictions were repelled; however, zoning laws stayed in place: to this day, they are used by suburban governments to decide on the development strategy. In this way, they exercise their authority over private property. When unrestricted, suburban jurisdictions are trying to attract more affluent residents and the types of economic development that bring more value to the local tax base. People living in wealthy neighborhoods with plenty of business investment and higher property prices tend to enjoy better public services even though they pay lower taxes. Interestingly enough, recently, the separation between suburbs and the city center seems to have become inverted. In big cities, the wealthy start to move to the historic center, while the suburbs house immigrants, workers, and more impoverished populations. Judd and Hinze report that between 2000 and 2011, the poverty rate in the Atlanta suburbs had increased by 159%. This demonstrates that regardless of the arrangement, unfair zoning laws ensure that the wealthy neighborhoods receive more support and better service coverage while poorer neighborhoods decay. Recently, zoning laws have been widely criticized by urban planners and scholars as a breeding ground for new social ills. One of the issues is urban sprawl: unrestricted and poorly controlled urban growth with no regard for urban planning. Other problems include the separation of homes from unemployment and the rise of car culture because residents are forced to commute. So far, there have been two types of responses to the looming crisis outlined by Judd and Hinze. Firstly, some communities are encouraging the development of denser, homogenized, multi-purpose neighborhoods where walking and cycling would be the new norm. The problem is that having a single-family home and car remains an indispensable part of the “American Dream” for many people, and they are reluctant to give up on it. Another way to tackle the problematic zoning laws has been the reenactment of the Fair Housing Act (FHA). The FHA prohibits discrimination in housing on the grounds of race, nationality, sex, familial status, and disability. The Act covers most houses with an exemption of owner-occupied buildings with no fewer than four units and single-family housing sold or rented without a broker. Another exception is housing run by organizations and private clubs that limit occupancy to members. Bibliography Judd, Dennis R., and Hinze, Annika M. City Politics: The Political Economy of Urban America . Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2018.
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Due Process and Fair Dismissal of Teachers in Texas Essay According to the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, no state may “deprive a person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.” (Alexander and Alexander, 2005, p. 435) This clause refers to public schools and does not provide sufficient procedural requirements that each public school should satisfy while dismissing a teacher. Specifically, the due process does not explain why a teacher should be dismissed but provides the procedures that should be followed by a school to dismiss a teacher. The clause due process, therefore, is not relevant to use because it does not provide a sufficient basis for protecting teacher’s rights. The provisions presented in the Fourteenth Amendment are not congruent with those provided by the state of Texas. In this regard, Walsh, Kemerer, and Laurie (2010) state that a teacher must at least “be advised of the cause or cause of the termination in sufficient detail to fairly enable him or her to show any error that may exist…” and “be given an opportunity for a hearing before a tribunal that both possesses some academic expertise and has an apparent impartiality toward the charges” (p. 139). In this regard, the Texas school board plans to organize an independent hearing system for teacher’s fair dismissal, which would embrace all elements of the due process required by the courts. From the statements above, it can be explicitly seen that dismissal regulations in Texas are much more consistent and specific as compared with the Fourteenth Amendment.
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These two occurrences have had significant impacts on the environment and mankind. The 2005 film “Time and Tide” produced by the National Geographic channel under the directorship of Julie Bayer and Josh Salzman seeks to address these two major issues in a particular country. The film is set in the island nation of Tuvalu, which stretches for 700 miles in the South Pacific. It focuses on how global warming and globalization have affected Tuvalu within a period of 2 decades. The film follows sixty expatriates living in New Zealand who embark on a two-month trip to their home island of Funafuti, the capital of Tuvalu. When this group arrives in their native city, they realize that it has undergone major changes in the 20 years that they have been away. Climate changes have caused the level of the ocean to rise with devastating effects. The rising sea has submerged part of the island leading to the displacement of many of the people who lived by the shore. Global warming is considered a major catastrophe facing the world today. However, many people do not seem to make a connection between global warming and their lives since these changes are at most times affecting places that are far away. Furthermore, we are not directly affected by global warming’s adverse impacts and we fail to see how our lifestyle here affects people elsewhere. The film brought to my attention the real image of people who are affected by the rise in sea level. By witnessing the difficulties that people faced because of rising sea levels, the film helped bring the issue closer to me. The other major theme addressed by the film is globalization. The returning expatriates realize that the island has experienced great western influences. These influences have extended to the capital’s economy and its culture. An analysis of the comments and the emotions expressed by the individuals in the film concerning the current state of affairs in Funafuti brings a greater understanding of how globalization affects people. From the film, I have come to understand that while the reality of globalization is ignored by people in the developed world, it is changing the lives of many in the developing nations. The high degree of westernization caused one of the expatriates to lose interest in Tuvalu. This occurrence clearly shows that maintaining cultural identity is important especially for the older generation. The film reveals that in spite of the expatriates concerns about the effects of globalization, western ideas and values have been reaching Tuvalu rapidly. Major investments by foreign companies altered the landscape of the capital. Due to this interaction with people from outside the country, locals have grown to believe that money is the ultimate source of happiness. As a fisherman in the film laments, “A brother would sell fish to his brother now”. The identity of the community is rapidly being changed by external forces. In spite of the concerns and frustration expressed by many elderly citizens of Tuvalu about the effects of external forces, I am of the opinion that the ancestors of Tuvalu anticipated these changes. The lyrics from a traditional song assert that “make the right decisions, now you are now a part of a global village, go with confidence, and do not panic, never look back”. This suggests that the ancestors of Tuvalu viewed globalization as an opportunity to join the global village and make positive changes. To me, one of the positive changes alluded to in these lyrics is that people will have more opportunities to go outside Tuvalu. While some of the older generation citizens might see this as a negative change, I believe it is positive. When people have opportunities to go outside of their countries, they are able to perceive good and bad points about their nation that they did not notice before. In this way, globalization helps people to be more appreciative of their local culture and traditions therefore fostering unity. The film also brought to my attention the fact that the culture of a developing country such as Tuvalu is more resilient and able to withstand changes to a greater degree. We tend to think that local traditions in the third world countries will be wiped out by Western culture. It is true that outside forces are a lot more powerful than internal forces as the leader of Funafuti mentions. However, they can coexist in a society if efforts are made to maintain these cultural identities. The story in the film was narrated through the eyes of a group of expatriates from Tuvalu. It helped increase my awareness of what is happening in Tuvalu and caused me to consider how countries could confront global warming and globalization. For Tuvalu, the solution to the climate change problem is for the country to join the United Nations and urge the international community to reduce the threat of global warming for future generations. On the issue of globalization, the country will have to sacrifice some of its traditions in order to benefit from the rest of the world. The nation of Tuvalu will have to recognize that cultures are constantly changing and being recreated as part of an ongoing process. The country’s culture should therefore be ready to be shaped by external forces. The film was successful in increasing my awareness of what is happening in Tuvalu. It made me understand why local traditions and the environment are to be valued and protected. Works Cited Julie, Bayer and Josh Salzman, dir. Time and Tide . National Geographic Channel, 2005. Film.
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* One of the main issues with current car seat models available in the market today is that they are bulky, hard to put away, and lack the necessary structural supports to protect an infant if the car should suffer a collision (Hatzakis, 384). * To resolve this issue the Ford PRISH is the company’s answer to the daunting tasking of ensuring the safety of a child while at the same time making the car seat ergonomic enough that it can be easily stored or taken out when need be. Mission Statement “Our goal is to ensure the safety of children and give peace of mind to parents by providing a car seat that is both comfortable, safe, and above all is in line with the high standards of quality that the Ford Motor Company is known for.” Product Info Built utilizing extensive tests in ergonomic design and safety standards the Ford Prish car seat utilizes a conjunction of safety foam, impact webbing, durable materials, and safety straps to ensure the protection of an infant from any manner of sudden hits, impacts, or accidental collisions that may happen to a moving vehicle. Feature, Function, and Benefit Feature Function Benefit Pre-installation by Ford Trained Specialists Ensures that the various seats of the car are ready to effectively hold and handle the specially designed car seat to ensure maximum protection for an infant. Assurance that the car seat can be easily attached and removed from the various seats of the car Ergonomic Design The ergonomic design of the product ensures that it conforms to the contours of the backseat where it is placed at thus ensuring a far less bulky and safer riding experience for the infant (Simonsohn, 1 – 2) More space within the backseat of the car since the car seat is not as bulky as compared to other versions currently in the market Collapsibility The car seat can be collapsed and put away. This particular function ensures that in instances when an infant is not present in the car and space is needed in the back the car seat can be put away rather easily Durable Carbon Fiber/ Gorilla Glass Frame The carbon fiber/ Gorilla glass frame of the car seat ensures that despite the wear and tear that comes with regular use of the car seat it will not lose its overall structural integrity while at the same time creates a see-through cover for the infant(Kaber, 650) Enables the car seat to last for years if need be. Safety foam made of kevlar on the front and the sides of the car seat The safety foam feature on the front and sides of the car seat ensures that the infant is protected by sudden jarring movements (i.e. an accident) via tough Kevlar weave (Laliberte, 123) Gives an additional layer of protective support for an infant Easy to attach safety harness that prevents the car seat from moving Safety harnesses attached to both the infant and the back/front seat of the car ensures that in event of a sudden stop the car seat won’t go flying forwards (Parikh and Wilson, 352) Protects the infant from crashing into the seat or dashboard in front of them Comfortable net webbing for infant comfort Utilizing a web of sturdy fibers the center of the car seat protects the infant from sudden impacts from the back while providing comfort Safe and comfortable protection Partner Companies * Samsonite (durable casing) – $1.7 billion * Corning (Gorilla Glass) – $6.6 billion * DuPont (Kevlar) – $36 billion * Walmart (sales) – $421 billion Determinant Gap Map Ease of Use Walmart Variety of Products Low – Corning Low – DuPont High – Samsonite HighLow- Corning Works Cited Hatzakis, Greg. “Sudden infant deaths in sitting devices.” Archives Of Disease In Childhood 93.5 (2008): 384-389. Academic Search Premier . Web. Kaber, David. “Comparison of infant car seat grip orientations and lift strategies.” Applied Ergonomics 43.4 (2012): 650-657. Academic Search Premier . Web. Laliberte, Richard. “Precious cargo.” Parents (10836373) 84.4 (2009): 123. MasterFILE Premier . Web. Parikh, Shital, and Wilson, Lindsay. “Hazardous use of car seats outside the car in the United States, 2003-2007.” Pediatrics 126.2 (2010): 352. MasterFILE Premier . Web. Simonsohn, Uri. “Lessons From An ‘Oops’ At Consumer Reports: Consumers Follow Experts And Ignore Invalid Information.” Journal Of Marketing Research (JMR) 48.1 (2011): 1-12. Business Source Premier . Web.
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Exporting Diamonds of Africa Essay Introduction Blood diamonds or rubies are the main source of revenue, supportive tool of despotic rulers of Africa and dictatorial rulers of Burma. Approximately 90% of world‘s exporting diamonds and gemstones is organized by the tyrannical regime of Myanmar and military rulers have undertaken about $750 million dollars, having gigantic profiteering shares in world s’ highest quality gemstones marketplace since 1964. Main body The worldwide indignation against the repressive attitude of the generals of Myanmar has encouraged the EU to disallow the trading of Myanmar s’ gemstones, one of the major exporter of diamonds in the world. US government is also under pressure to tighten a loophole on the current US sanctions which let the trading of precious stones of Burma. But the trading of Myanmar‘s gems has been continuing in its neighboring country, Thailand which has direct business deals with military junta of Burma. The citizens of Burma have been exploiting under the pressure of despotic rulers who are involved in sales of precious gems to support their dictatorial government. As the military rulers never feel any hesitation to shoot the protestors or uprising movement of the Buddhist monks who protest against repression and exploitation of Burmese dictatorship. Myanmar’s generals have entire control over the exporting of diamonds since 1964 and they have been earning massive amount of income about $750 million. A large number of precious diamonds and gemstones are smuggled over the border into china and Thailand. China, Thailand, Canada, France, the U.S.A, and Italy are the main bidders of blood diamonds of Burma and they are importing the largest part of gemstones of Myanmar to their countries. Though many times some trade sanctions are imposed upon Myanmar gemstones due to its uprising movement of public against their rulers ‘s repressive attitude but there is no use of such restrictions as the exporters of gemstones in Myanmar are running their business boastfully in spite of all such international trade ban. The defense ministry or military officers rule over Burma s’ gemstone trade dominantly and all major countries including china, India, Thailand, Singapore, America, Canada and France are scooping up Burmese diamond exportation. The government’s Myanmar Gem Enterprise, Burmese Export Company has been developing its exporting business of gemstones with the ratio of 45% every year. The gem auctions are arranged by the military regime twice a year since 1964, having official hold on gem trade by Myanmar government. Blood Diamonds is a famous movie, depicting the repression, exploitation and brutal attitude of despotic rulers upon their common laymen by snatching away their precious asset without the proper payment to them. This film is a true representation of tyranny and greediness of dictatorial regime of developing countries where the rulers are exploiting the public by having entire hold over the precious asset of the country. The perfect solution of deterring such brutal and tyranic attitude of Burmese government is to convince the international marketers not to buy Burmese gems which support the fund-raising campaigns to sustain military regime in the country. There should be some uprising protests with this slogans in international marketplace of gemstons, “The rubies from Burma are blood rubies. They are red with the blood of young people” and there is no need to support the military regime by buying Burmese gems as it is considers as human rights abuses.” (Woodsome, 2007) Reference Woodsome, Kate (2007) Boycott of Burma’s ‘Blood Rubies’ Urged by Rights Advocates. Web.
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Doing Business in Central America and Dominicana Essay The Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) is a political and economic treaty between the United States and developing Central American states. These include Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. The agreement results in a combined flow of goods worth $53 billion. The U.S. trade surplus with countries in the free trade agreement is approximately $5 billion. It is meant to promote interregional trade and investment by providing stable conditions for businesses to function and supporting 134 thousand jobs (Office of the United States Trade Representative, n.d.). Strategic decision-making is significantly impacted by free trade agreements since it touches a variety of economy-related aspects of business function. CAFTA-DR impacts regional manufacturing by eliminating tariffs that allow for the flow of resources, components, and finished products across borders. Furthermore, the workforce is affected since it allows for a free movement of human labor capital and guarantees certain protections under the law (Office of the United States Trade Representative, n.d.). A business focused on moving its manufacturing to one of the Central American countries can take these aspects into account since it no longer has to worry about legal, bureaucratic, or financial barriers to cross-border operations. CAFTA-DR promotes economic growth by allowing businesses to create economies of scale and increase their efficiency by outsourcing. A business can become more competitive by reducing costs of production and export since there are no tariffs that may accrue additional expenses. Overall, considering the extensive outreach of the CAFTA-DR treaty over economic aspects, it plays a critical role in the strategic decision-making of a business. Offshore outsourcing is the process of contract that allows hiring an external foreign organization to manage a part of a company’s functions (i.e., information technology) for efficiency or cost-saving. CAFTA-DR is meant to promote free trade operations, including that of labor and intellectual property. However, some of its aspects may present certain threats to offshore outsourcing. According to CAFTA, all involved countries had to implement and enforce labor provisions by the standards of the International Labor Organization. That includes guaranteeing human rights but also allowing for collective bargaining and other labor union prerogatives (Office of the United States Trade Representative, 2005). Essentially, that begins to eliminate the various economic benefits of outsourcing. Furthermore, there are several political threats. Many of the Central American nations are reluctant to allow privatization of key industries and have shown political instability. CAFTA is not necessarily beneficial regarding outsourcing because of the issue of scalability where the countries in the agreement are unable to sustain large workforces (Laughlin, 2010). The move to the Dominican Republic or one of the other Central American nations in the agreement depends on a range of business and economic factors. However, CAFTA-DR has created a wide variety of benefits for investing in such business moves. The agreement strongly simplifies logistics and bureaucratic elements by allowing U.S. citizens to travel and conduct business in member countries as well as ship products without complex paperwork. Furthermore, close geographic proximity has created a tightly-knit economic network amongst Central American countries and the United States. Member state governments are actively seeking U.S. businesses and are creating attractive investment conditions. Finally, the CAFTA market serves as a good testing run opportunity before international expansion while providing enough commercial viability for successful financial growth (Delaney, n.d.). References Delaney, L. (n.d.). Going global: Doing business in Central America and the Dominican Republic . Web. Laughlin, K. (2010). Five years later, CAFTA influence on pro services outsourcing is hotly debated. Web. Office of the United States Trade Representative. (2005). CAFTA facts . Web. Office of the United States Trade Representative. (n.d.). CAFTA-DR (Dominican Republic-Central America FTA) . Web.
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Analyzing Political Campaign Advertisements Essay Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Eisenhower Answers America 3. Kennedy –Nixon debate 4. Conclusion 5. Works Cited Introduction A political campaign refers to an organized effort that tries to influence the manner in which decisions are made in a group. Campaign messages usually have the information that a politician or a candidate would like to pass to the voters. For instance, a campaign message may describe policy issues. Such points normally act as a summary of the campaign agenda of the candidate. Advertising of campaigns is one of the mechanisms that are always used by candidates to inform people about their political manifesto. Campaign advertisements can be done through many ways. For example, they can use newspapers, television, and even radio advertisements. Political advertising enables politicians to address a wider audience. Hence, they can persuade many voters to support them. There has been a drastic change in the way political advertisements are done in U.S.A. For example, in 1948 Truman was happy for having greeted approximately half a million voters. He also covered over thirty thousand miles during his campaign period. In 1952, that trend of reaching voters changed when another presidential campaign took place. With the invention of television sets, political adverts started featuring on television commercial advertisements. Eisenhower Answers America In 1952, the first political campaign advertisement featured on television, and it was meant to reach Dwight D. Eisenhower’s supporters. “Eisenhower, created forty twenty-second television spot commercials entitled, Eisenhower Answers America”. In his advertisement, he talked about finding a solution to corruption, solving the Korean War, and he also informed his audience about how he would improve the economy. In this case, he reached his targeted audience without necessarily shaking their hands. This advertisement enabled him to convince American voters that democrats had over stayed in power since 1933, and they were no longer leading the nation properly. He managed to win overwhelmingly against Adlai Stevenson who was a democratic nominee. Kennedy –Nixon debate In 1960, there was another intensive presidential election campaign, in which John Kennedy managed to seriously defeat Nixon. John Kennedy also came up with close to two hundred advertisements. Two of his advertisements overpowered Nixon’s efforts. “The first one was an advertisement derived from a speech he had made in Houston. “In this case, he called for religious tolerance in response to criticisms that Catholicism was incompatible with a run for the Oval Office”. The second one was the remarkable Kennedy –Nixon debate. “John Kennedy was able to put Nixon on the defensive with his unexpected grasp of the facts, but Nixon held his own in responding to the Kennedy criticisms”. This debate reached approximately eight million viewers and it led to the success of Kennedy in the elections. The debate greatly impacted on Nixon’s Campaign profile which was initially better than Kennedy’s. Conclusion The analysis of election campaign advertisements reveal how various strategies can lead to the success of an election candidate. The advertisements mentioned above depict the democracy that prevails among the American people. In this case, election candidates have to convince voters that they are suitable for public offices. “Since America has become more culturally diverse, political advertising must become less negative and more dialed into the minds and homes of the American public”. Messages should also be customized so that they can reach people with various beliefs and needs in the country. In my view, campaign advertisements are important tools for election campaigns, and they can lead to the success of a candidate if properly used. Works Cited Casey, Shaun. The Making of a Catholic President: Kennedy vs. Nixon 1960. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Diamond, Edwin. The Spot: The Rise of Political Advertising on Television. New York: The MIT Press, 2001. Kraus, Sidney. The Great Debates: Kennedy vs. Nixon, 1960. London: Indiana University Press, 2001. Murrin, John and Paul Johnson. Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People. New York: Wadsworth Publishing, 2005.
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Introduction 2. Measurement of the World City Network 3. Conclusion 4. Reference list Introduction The article, Measurement of the World City Network , by Taylor, Catalano, and Walker explores the process of constructing a data set that can be employed to quantify intercity relations. Walker and Taylor are lecturers at the Loughborough University in the Geography department. Catalano is a lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Political Science at the Calabria University in Italy. The authors have a myriad of experience and carried this research for the World City Network Formation in a Space of Flow project. The article provides an interesting insight into the process of collecting data and using the results to proactively create an interlocking network for a modern city, concerning London and New York. Specifically, the data collected was converted into a service value in measuring the network connectivity within the case study cities. The authors concluded that the cities of London and New York are exceptions and not exemplars in comparison with other global cities. This paper attempts to explicitly review the content of the article and present central arguments put forwards by the three authors. Measurement of the World City Network The article concentrates on the formal specification of a modern global city based on a network of service centers interlocked with nodal, intermodal, and sub-nodal levels. Specifically, the basic information gathering should concentrate on the major service firms, from which firms that follow a global strategy are selected. The other criteria of selection include the interests and economic importance of these service providers. Through the use of the scavenger data production method, the article suggests that is possible to measure the service providers based on their current network location. By concentrating on 10 cities across the globe, the authors were able to express the grand interlocking connections as a proportion of gross network. The findings revealed that the major firms in the rising cities, in terms of rank, have better connectivity than similar firms in municipalities that are ranked in the lower percentile. The cities of New York and London have a very complex structure as compared to the simple hierarchical models such as Tokyo and Paris. The concept of exception is covered in the article as a measure of a global city network. Comprehending globalization in the lenses of urbanization requires proactive development of extra-territorial competency. For instance, distinctiveness in service provision makes a city to become an exception, as is the case with New York and London. Factually, the authors concluded that the existence of well-planned and expansive firms within a city has the potential of improving the global network coverage, especially when the service providers are concentrated in a single location. However, there is a need to integrate other variables to make a scientific conclusion on whether a municipality qualifies to be a global city or not. Conclusion In summary, I have gained an insight into factors that are considered in declaring a municipality as a global network city. Actually, the classification is determined by the concentration of active network of service provider firms within such cities. However, if I can meet the authors, I would seek clarification on why they used the scavenger data production method, which is not accurate for a large sample space. It is important to quantify the total service value to know the size of a global city network. Reference list Taylor, P. J., Catalano, G., & Walker, D. R. F. (2002). Measurement of the World City Network. Urban Studies , 39 (13), 2367–2376. Web.
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Overall, this argument is based on several claims. At first, one should consider the principle of utility, according to which the morality of an action is evaluated by its actions. It implies that actions are morally acceptable, provided that they promote the general welfare. In turn, they can be condemned from an ethical viewpoint if they produce negative consequences. This is one of the assumptions that underlie Mill’s logic. Mill argues that truth-telling strengthens the trust between individuals. In turn, this feeling is critical for improving people’s cooperation with one another. Moreover, if every person acts in an honest way, the community will become more secure. These are the main benefits that can be identified. In contrast, deception undermines people’s trust in one another. As a rule, it impairs every form of cooperation. Thus, this behavior adversely affects the welfare of the community. This is why lying is generally wrong. Nevertheless, Mill does not try to show that lying can never be acceptable from an ethical viewpoint. In some cases, a person has to lie or at least conceal the truth in order in order to protect other people from danger. Under such circumstances, this behavior can be quite beneficial, while honesty can lead to negative results. So, Mill’s utilitarianism does not provide clear-cut instructions for making a decision because a person should consider a wide range of factors to predict the consequences of an action. Nevertheless, a person should usually be reluctant to deceive. This is one of the principles that should be taken into consideration.
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Introduction 2. “Ways of Being”: Summary and Response 3. Way of Being Number Two: Be a Truth Teller 4. Way of Being Number Seven: Innovate 5. Way of Being Number Eight: Know What You Do and Do Not Know 6. Conclusion 7. References Introduction Conflict is among the challenges we face in our personal and professional lives. While we may try to avoid conflicts, the prevalence of disputes, in our society is indicative of the fact that conflicts are normal in our lives. As such, how we resolve conflicts determine our success or failure in society and at work. It is therefore important that we solve contentious issues in a constructive manner. Over the years, negotiation strategies and tactics that can be used during conflict resolution have been developed. This paper shall set out to explore negotiation strategies proposed by Kritek (2002), in her insightful book. This shall be done by highlighting and discussing three “ways of being” that the author explores in her book. “Ways of Being”: Summary and Response Shamir (2003) defines negotiation as the process through which conflicting parties engage in communicative efforts aimed at finding an acceptable solution. “Ways of being” are strategies that can be used to “negotiate conflicts in situations where some participants are at a disadvantage that others do not acknowledge (Kritek, 2002, p. xiii).” She defines “ways of being” as approaches that parties in a conflict choose to present their argument at an uneven table (Kritek, 2002). Way of Being Number Two: Be a Truth Teller In chapter 18, the author discusses the importance of being truthful during negotiations. According to Kritek (2002), telling the truth about one’s position goes a long way in leveling the field and creating balance during the negotiation. In addition, she reveals listening as a tool that can be used to foster creativity during the negotiation process. She also highlights strategies that could be used to unveil the truth, and discusses truth telling as a measure of self-honesty (Kritek, 2002). Throughout this chapter, the author insists that being truthful and supporting other truth tellers can help people with a disadvantage negotiate more competitively, all the while providing them with the leverage needed to reach a mutually beneficial consensus. Being truthful is imperative to any conversation. It helps foster trust among the parties involved, and enables each person to establish his or her position. In addition, it helps the negotiators to accept the limit to their knowledge regarding the issue being discussed. However, I believe that during negotiations one must be careful when unveiling the truth so as to avoid looking desperate. This is because desperation is a sign of weakness that can be used to strike unfair deals. Way of Being Number Seven: Innovate Shavinina (2003) asserts that innovativeness is an essential component in the management of competitive situation. The author attributes this to the fact that innovation helps individuals introduce new concepts and strategies even when faced with challenges. Kritek (2002) further collaborate Shavinina’s assertions in the 23 rd chapter of her book. In this chapter, she discusses the importance of knowing the rules, questioning illusions, being curious, having fun, and understanding humor during negotiation. This is because these aspects can help one manipulate the mood, come up with different angles of viewing issues, and persuade the other parties to buy into the ideas one is selling (Kritek, 2002). Innovation presents one with an opportunity to educate others and translate what they are saying. As such, being innovative during a negotiation enables one to introduce compelling concepts at the table, thereby giving one the upper hand during the discussion. In addition innovation provides one with the opportunity to maneuver across set limits in a clever way, all the while ensuring that other parties’ needs have not been violated. Way of Being Number Eight: Know What You Do and Do Not Know Information is pivotal if success is to be achieved in any endeavor. Kritek (2002) states that having ample information during a negotiation may help achieve balance at an uneven table. In her book, the author asserts that it is always important to acknowledge the limits to one’s information. This means that during a negotiation, one should know what he or she knows and what remains unknown regarding the issue being discussed. With such knowledge, one is better placed to be discriminatory about their choice of words, know his or her illusions and time his or her arguments based on facts (Kritek, 2002). In addition, the author suggests that knowing one’s limit to information makes him or her a better listener, thereby enabling them to learn new facts during the negotiation. Kritek’s point of view is very accurate. This is because most negotiations fail to reach a consensus due to lack of adequate preparedness. In most cases, parties to a negotiation feel comfortable when they deal with people who have extensive knowledge about the situation and its effects on their beliefs. As such, when a party appears to be guessing or unsure, the negotiation process is bound to be unfair or fail. Conclusion Throughout this paper, negotiation has been presented as an effective means to resolving disputes. An understanding of the various “ways of being” proposed by Kritek (2002) empowers parties during the negotiation process. While these strategies may prove to be effective, caution should be taken to ensure that they are used wisely. References Kritek, P. (2002). Negotiating at an Uneven Table: Developing Moral Courage in Resolving Our Conflicts. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Shamir, Y. (2003). Alternative Dispute Resolution Approaches and their Application . New York: PCCP Publications. Shavinina, V. (2003). The International Handbook on Innovation . New Jersey: Elsevier.
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Interpretation techniques help the visitors in understanding what Beijing has on offer, but its effectiveness depends upon a number of factors. For example, it is widely believed that Chinese is a difficult language and for Chinese people English is equally difficult to pick up. But as efforts are being made to bring China nearer to the western world, more such efforts can be seen taking shape in the country. Interpretation is effectively ‘a constant to-ing and fro-ing between different ways of thinking and cultural universes’ (AIIC, 2008). Interpretation can help in bridging the cultural gap and increasing the levels of understanding between two or more concerned parties. The Chinese characters have evolved over a thousand of years from early pictographs to the calligraphy of the day. In the early years of computer age, fears were expressed that the little drawing like characters in Chinese will not be compatible with computer age, but times have proved all such fears unfounded and today Chinese language is as computer friendly for Chinese people as English is for US or UK. Interpretation itself has evolved over the years and today even software is available which help in interpreting Chinese into another language or vice versa. Beijing has continued to take a leading role in the resurgence of Chinese economy. The economic indicators for the period January to August 2007 have registered an upward movement of more than 10 percent. During this period the real sector investments increased to a whopping 90.2 billion yuan (US$11.7 billion), registering an increase of 13.1 percent over the same period in 2006. The Olympic movement is not only helping the mainline Beijing city in terms of investments and tourism prospects, but the city is also witnessing an equally impressive emergence of a peripheral city in the Shunyi District located about 30 kilometres northeast of Central Beijing. This place is to host a number of aquatic events, particularly the canoeing and kayaking competitions and give away 32 gold medals as well. In the coming years Beijing tourism is bound to prosper in the light of the following support factors: 1. The capital city is being spruced up to take a leading role in the business and economy of the country once the Olympic Games are over. 2. China is busy setting up an infrastructure at par or even better than any world class city to showcase its prowess its relevance in the world polity. 3. More and more people are getting used to the Chinese hospitality and tourism sector and with world class interpretation techniques available in hotels, conference venues, institutions, MNC corporate office complexes etc. the language barrier is bound to have minimal impact. 4. Since Beijing administration has a leading role in organising the Olympic events, special resources and powers have been conferred on the city administrators to dress up the city and make it capable of hosting millions of people at a time. Therefore the city administration has been making good use of the opportunity and dressing it up for years to come. 5. The fact that in 2007 the average price of properties in Beijing shot up by more than 40 percent over that of 2006, despite frequent interest-rate hikes is a testimony to the demand of the city, which is bound to translate in windfall of opportunities when more of the MNCs decide to open up their corporate office in Beijing. 6. Well, there are differences in cultural values and traditions amongst China and other nations, which proved to be a roadblock for better understanding for many years but now with the organisation of events like the ‘Cultural Year of Greece in China’, which officially began on October 17, 2007, in Beijing, such differences are bound to become less severe. Such cultural exchanges help in creating a better mutual understanding amongst the countries.
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Using of Talabat for Consumers Report The main benefit of Talabat for consumers is easier access to food delivery services and to a more significant number of options within one application. I used Talabat as a consumer, and from this experience, I can conclude that clients receive more value from a single aggregator application when compared to multiple delivery services or ordering delivery by phone. For instance, this application has a total of 4,300 restaurants, both local and international restaurant chains, which provide a large variety of options in terms of the price range and food preferences. Additionally, the competition between such a high number of restaurants enhances their focus on quality, and thus customers also benefit from having better meals. Lastly, if customers are not satisfied with the meal or its delivery, they can complain through the Talabat up instead of quarreling with restaurant workers and managers. This means that customers will likely be more satisfied with the whole experience, even if there are any delays or errors on the restaurant’s part. The app also has numerous benefits for restaurants, which is thy about 70% of restaurants in Dubai are listed on it. First of all, using the app allows restaurants to save on marketing expenses, as it allows them to be seen and recognized by customers in the area without spending on posters, flyers, or online advertising campaigns. Consequently, the app attracts more new clients without significant investments, which can have a positive impact on the restaurants’ profitability. Because using the app is easy, and customers do not need to visit a restaurant or call it, clients who were satisfied with the service and meal quality are more likely to become returning customers. This gives restaurants more motivation to improve the quality of their meals, and doing so has a positive impact on the satisfaction of all other customers. As a result, restaurants listed on Talabat are likely to benefit from lower marketing expenses, better brand awareness, more clients, and improved service quality.
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Why adults go back to college later in life Analytical Essay Most students normally join college immediately after completing high school. However, the number of adults opting to attend college later in life has recently been on the increase. A good number of adults go back to college later in life, either to advance their education or finish the courses they had been forced to suspend for a number of reasons. The main reason why such adults go back to college is their desire for salary increment as well as a craving for promotion at their workplace. These necessities can only be guaranteed through the acquisition of relevant educational testimonials. Many young people have great dreams that they aspire to achieve when they grow up. Some aspire to become teachers, doctors, and lawyers, among others. This notwithstanding, not all finish their college education successfully. This is due to many the young people encounter along the way. Such obstacles include, lack of school fees. Others quit college to attend to their families (Bondiga s par. 2). Moreover, some people go to school to upgrade their skills and enhance their values. For instance, such sectors as the information technology are very dynamic, a factor that compels some workers to go back to school so that they can be up-to-date with these new skills. Some careers such as those in the medical and legal field require one to occasionally go back to school in order to attend specific classes to retain their licenses. In other competitive careers such as education and nursing, one needs to be above the standard employee expectation. This calls for career advancement to many people with the aim of salary hikes as well as promotions. In addition, such careers also require an individual to continue updating their skills after a while to learn the new techniques and technologies (Bondiga s par.3). After working for some years, some adults may opt to start their own business. Such adults may be skilled in their area of specializations, but may lack the necessary skills to run their business. Thus, most of these workers opt to go back to college and learn businesses related skills such as entrepreneurship to enable them manage their businesses. Through these acquired skills they can be in a position to write their business plan and strategize their businesses accordingly. There are some people that get bored by their current careers and opt to go back to college to pursue new careers. Change of career mainly happens to those people working in a field that they have since lost passion in. They could have been forced to pursue those careers due to their good remunerations or family demands. There is also another group of adults that opt to go back to college for fun or to master some skills that they aspired to posses while young, but they never got an opportunity to acquire them. Such skills may include learning another language or playing piano (Bondiga s par. 4). There are various effects that accompany those adults that opt to go back to college later in life. For instance, those people that go back to school after being out of school for a long time span find it very difficult to cope with the young college generations. They also face a lot of problems while writing their notes and majorities do not write good notes since they have not been doing so for a long time. A majority of the adults that go back to college later in life often do not perform well in their test. This is because they have a lot of responsibilities to attend to which ranges from looking after their children back at home to finishing their duties in their workplace. On the other hand, some adults that opt to go back to college to advance on their carriers get a very easy time, while studying since most of the things that they learn at class are the things that they encounter in their day-to-day activities. Similarly, those people that go back to college for fun or to fulfill childhood dreams such as learning how to play a piano or learning a different language have a very good moments in their college life since they get an opportunity to pursue their passions. In addition, going back to college for these adults give them an opportunity to receive better pays and promotion in their jobs (Bondiga s par.6). In conclusion, there are various reasons that prompt people to go back to school which include; changing their carrier, finishing their course, retaining their licenses or fulfilling their childhood passions. Going back to college for these adults is accompanied by various effects that includes; challenges to cope with the new life, passions for getting an opportunity to fulfill their passions and lastly opportunities to receive pay hikes and promotions. Thus, adults should be encouraged to pursue their education in colleges later in their life as it is a very fruitful endeavor. Work Cited Bondigas, Why Working Adults Go Back to School. EHow Contributor. January 2010. 15, February 2011. https://classroom.synonym.com/issues-challenges-adults-returning-college-13120.html
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Being an outstanding intellectual, author, public speaker, and activist of his time, he substantially contributed to the development of the abolitionist movement as its leader (“Frederick Douglass Biography,” 2020). Douglass was born in slavery, however, he had an opportunity to escape and subsequently join abolitionists in Massachusetts (“Frederick Douglass Biography,” 2020). Later, he became a lecturer of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society and participated in its long-lasting tour across the country to spread the ideas concerning the necessity of slavery abolition (“Frederick Douglass Biography,” 2020). In addition, Douglass supported women’s right and their right to vote in particular. Abolitionist newspapers created and published by him promoted human rights equality regardless of gender and race. Being a respectful and talented spokesman and one of the most well-known Black people in the United States, Frederick Douglass used his influence to improve the positions of African Americans. He conferred with Abraham Lincoln on multiple subjects related to slavery and Black people. As a result, in 1863, Emancipation Proclamation that declared slaves’ freedom in Confederate territory was passed (“Frederick Douglass Biography,” 2020). Due to the passion and hard work of this person, slavery was subsequently abolished in the whole territory of the United States (“Frederick Douglass Biography,” 2020). Free slaves were granted citizenship and protected under the law from racial and gender discrimination. After the Civil War, Douglass held several political positions in the government and worked as an ambassador to the Dominican Republic (“Frederick Douglass Biography,” 2020). Later, Frederick Douglass was nominated for the country’s vice president, however, he had never campaigned and continued to fight for human rights and equality until his death. Reference Frederick Douglass Biography . (2020). Biography. Web.
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The Opposite Sex Genitalia Essay The opposite sex genitalia (Female) is more sensitive and delicate when compared to the male ones. However, men tend to feel greatly attracted to having sexual relations than women. This is probably what makes many men pay female prostitutes for their services and at times end up spending a lot of money. It also explains why some cunning women succeed in luring men to have their money or steal from them. Nevertheless, the serious problem with evil men is that they seduce or rape women just for their genitalia. Such men fail to understand that seducing females is tantamount to rape, which is a crime. The possession of the female genitalia is probably what makes women and girls be highly targeted by wicked men who just desire using them for sex, slavery, fun, and excitement to mention a few. The female genitalia is delicate and complex, a fact that men should understand and offer women the respect and care they deserve. The understanding of the opposite sex genitalia (Female) by men may significantly influence their love life. In essence, if men get well-versed in the opposite sex genitalia (Female), the chances are that their partners will desire to get randy more frequently hence resulting in a slew of medical gains for both of them. Most people believe that men and women who enjoy sex about two times each week have improved heart health and low probability of having cardiovascular diseases. Contrary to what most men believe, just because the opposite sex genitalia (Female) is not lubricated in the course of foreplay, it does not imply that she is not aroused. Though the opposite sex genitalia (Female) has the capacity of lubricating naturally, some situations might render it more intricate. For instance, females can experience a more difficult time lubricating naturally the following menstruation. Some medicines and antihistamines lead to lubrication being hard; this could be caused by variations in hormones, age, and birth control. Lubrication of the opposite sex genitalia (Female) is amid the things that are highly misconstrued by men. The majority of men do not realize that women may be aroused devoid of having any wetness. Most women might take a long time to get lubricated and aroused when they have been in a relationship for years. In the early times of the relationship, they lubricate very fast and extremely well attributable to the many hormones and chemicals rushing throughout the body. With time, the chemicals begin to reduce after a woman has been with the same person for a long time. Men ought to be patient and take time on foreplay in cases where women are not sufficiently aroused. At times it just takes a little longer for a female to become aroused and most men fail to comprehend the reason behind it. One of the greatest mistakes that men make while trying to please women is presuming that all are stimulated similarly. The opposite sex genitalia (Female) are different and do not respond in the same manner. For instance, one woman may have an orgasm after stimulation of the clitoris whereas another might only get to the climax following penetration. The opposite sex genitalia (Female) are weaker and tender when judged against the male ones. Having the female genitalia is possibly what makes women and girls be targeted by wicked men who just wish to use them for sex, slavery, and fun. There is utmost joy in maintaining one spouse and establishing what leads to her arousal, finding out together what arouses, and satisfies each other.
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Haier Company’s Performance Management Essay Haier group is one of the largest multinational companies across the globe that deals with home appliances, as well as consumer electronics. The company has a very distinct mode of management. This is because it employs unique aspects of management that are not practiced by other companies in China. Performance management refers to certain actions that are performed by organizations so as to make sure that the goals are constantly achieved efficiently, as well as effectually. One of the most distinctive features of performance management that the giant corporate body Haier depicts is the guiding principle that is in place in its management system, which is OEC. This stands for overall, every control and clear. The term ‘overall’ implies that all performance dimensions have to be adhered to by the employees. ‘Every’ refers to everyone, every day, and everything. ‘Control and clear’ refers to Haier’s end-of-work procedure each day. Conversely, the element of accountability is not distributed equally. Haier uses a range of performance management and motivational tools. The conglomerate has an 80:20 principle whereby the supervisors are responsible for 80 percent of the outcomes, whether excellent or terrible, while the juniors stand-in for the remaining 20 percent. Another significant feature of Haier’s HR system is a close connection between performance measurements and compensation. In addition, each manager’s production statistics, as well as performances, are evaluated on a weekly basis. The formula for reviewing employees involves both achieving quantifiable objectives and the degree of innovation and process improvement. The end of the month brings forth a grading criterion for the managers to analyze. This works out from the grade A-C. The outcomes are announced to the managers at a meeting for middle to upper-level managers. This is quite unique since most other companies do their work while shrouding in secrecy. The strategy that is used by Haier is quite tricky to implement. This is because they have to look for ways to try and avoid conflicts among their employees. These conflicts may arise from the fact that the people strategy is well balanced for them to try to give everyone a chance to improve, and even if you excel, you must work hard to defend your title. The results are open to all staff, thus making everybody work harder as nobody wants to be at the bottom. With the ratings to prominently displayed in the cafeteria, all the employees know exactly who is on the top and who is dragging their feet. However, since their exclusive mode of people’s strategy seems to be working just fine for them, Haier may endeavor to elaborate on a few more issues that may hamper the progression of the moderately newer employees. What is most impressive about the company is the way it empowers employees via an emphasis on recognizing and rewarding successes, as well as creativity. If an employee develops or improves a product, or comes up with a new procedure, the innovation carries the employee’s name, and a notice to this effect is outstandingly displayed. The company gives each employee a “P&L book,” which is updated every day and gives a detailed financial outcome of the employee’s efforts. In Haier’s language, employees do not receive salaries but their share of profits. This only makes everybody feel they own the company, thus working harder to make more profit. However, one of the less moving points is the idea of exposing the manager’s performance to the juniors, as they might not respect a poor performer. Publishing the demotions also affects a concerned manager. The idea of having a “race” is also not too appealing since it may cause some bad blood between the employees and ultimately hamper the company’s trudge towards attaining its goals. The organization succeeds because it uses the procedure for quite a long period. Haier’s 80:20 principle gives the leaders a chance to work even harder, making things easier for them do not depend on juniors who might mess. Everybody wants to grow so as they all have to perform well, knowing that there is no permanent promotion. In keeping with this philosophy, every employee in the Haier Group is subject to frequent and transparent performance appraisals. This is against the traditional Chinese culture in which “face” is extremely important. All employees are offered a profit and loss book, which enables them to realize profits or losses on a daily basis. This motivates one to work hard, and also everybody feels like a shareholder since they do not receive salaries but their share of profits. The aspect of performance appraisals should be emulated by companies overseas as Haier has a transparent and fair system. The promotions are given on merit, and if you perform poorly, the outcome is normally dismissal. The other thing is how the salaries are computed from the profit and losses that one makes daily, thus all employees feel like actual shareholders. Keeping that in mind, they will work hard for the enhancement of the company. The criteria for exposing the performance rankings can be demotivating to the ones who performe miserably. The juniors, as well as the superiors, will not respect a poor performer. They need to be role models. The publishing of the demotions in the internal newspaper is also not so fair. The aspect of racing may also be misconstrued into something else in other countries. Evidently, there are different ways how to manage expatriates from the parent country (Evans, Pucik & Bjorkman, 2009). It may cause many problems among individuals. Reference Evans, P., Pucik, V., & Bjorkman, I. (2009). The global challenge: International human resource management. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
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The Level of Guilt That Is Faced by Mothers With Disorders Essay The study was carried out to investigate the level of shame and guilt that is usually faced by mothers who experience various disorders. From the research study research question, it is vivid that shame and guilt are often inevitable among mothers suffering from eating disorders. At this point, it is profound to note that Rørtveit, Åström, and Severinsson (2010) have documented their research question in the sense that every reader of the article can obtain the full glimpse of the study from the abstract and introductory sections. In addition, the language used to present the arguments throughout the research study is straightforward and hence easy to understand. Mothers who face eating disorders may often find it difficult to speak it out openly due to the social and family shame associated with such disorders. On the same note, they may feel guilty because their eating behaviors are undesirable and reveal a lot of irresponsibilities. Due to these complications, the authors of this research study made sure that adequate ethical and methodological considerations were put in place before and during the process of conducting the research. It is vital to mention that ethical issues and methodology used in any form of social study are of great importance. For instance, permission was sought from the Research and Human Resources Department of the hospital, the regional ethics committee, and the Norwegian social science committee before the study could be conducted. It is usually necessary to seek approval from accredited and concerned bodies. This is one of the strengths of this research study. In addition, the research study ensured that all the information gathered from the participants was used confidentially and not shared with third parties. Voluntary participation was encouraged and the respondents could freely withdraw at will without facing any work-related consequences since some of them were employees of the Norwegian hospital. Other positive attributes of the research study included audio-tape interviews with consent from the participating mothers and informed consent. In terms of inclusion criteria and data collection, the researchers made sure that various psychiatric units participated in the study. For instance, mothers suffering from various eating disorders were invited to take part in the study as long as they were willing and qualified. This is a vital area of concern in empirical research studies of this nature. The inclusion criteria should always be as comprehensive as possible. The therapists used in this study were drawn from the western coast of Norway. The inclusion criteria used included lack of major disability, free from drug addiction, suffering from eating disorders, and also being a mother. Such criteria were adequate in highlighting the various concerns of the study. The research study came up with solid findings that were made possible by comprehensive inclusion criteria. It is equally vital to note that the method used to collect data ensured that all the major components of the study were put into consideration. For example, participants had to express their interests to take part in the research study. Secondly, they were to be sent detailed letters expounding the objectives of the study alongside methods to be used in collecting data. On the same note, researchers met with the participating mothers and carried out oral interviews. These were detailed and systematic steps that put into account all the fine details and requirements of the research study. Nonetheless, the study had its weaknesses despite the positive features demonstrated above. To begin with, the study largely employed a qualitative data collection method. As such, participants were supposed to describe their eating difficulties to the researchers. Using data from in-depth reflections among participants may sometimes prove to be hectic bearing in mind that such data are detailed and descriptive. There are high chances of excluding vital pieces of information when summarizing qualitative data. In addition, omission and commission errors are inevitable in research studies that rely heavily on the qualitative methodology of data collection. Moreover, the sample size of 8 mothers used in the study was quite small for a research study of this nature. Although extrapolative methods are usually applied to gauge the experience or outcomes of large size of population, it is pertinent to note that extremely small sample size may proportionately affect the findings of a study. One of the negative effects of small sample size is that it may increase the chances of generalizing the targeted populations even if they have not been adequately represented in the sample being studied. In the case of a small sample size, the outcomes or findings may appear completely different in comparison to large sample size. Hence, the findings in this study may not be relied upon fully because the statistical significance of the results is highly likely to be hidden by the small sample size. Finally, the research has not highlighted the possible limitations of the study. The latter is vital in enhancing the credibility and accountability of the researchers and the entire article. Reference Rørtveit, K.., Åström, S. & Severinsson, E. (2010). The meaning of guilt and shame: A qualitative study of mothers who suffer from eating difficulties. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 19 , 231–239.
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However, assuming that the issue under analysis has a comparatively low significance for the members of the modern society would be wrong. Although a range of statements concerning same-sex vs. coed schooling have been made in favor of the former, the importance of diversity and promotion of social interactions is, nevertheless, significant enough to consider the impact of the same-sex educational environment rather dubious. An Ethical Perspective: The Significance of the Societal Interactions Viewing the idea of gender diversity in classroom from an ethical standpoint, one must admit that, by depriving learners of the opportunity to interact with the representatives of the opposite gender in the educational setting, one is likely to deny students of the ability to develop the communicational patterns that they will require when conversing with the representatives of the opposite sex. A Logical Standpoint: What Statistical Data Says Researches point to the fact that the current design of educational institutions as far as the gender diversity rates are concerned is the most beneficial one in terms of meeting learners’ needs and creating a flexible teaching strategy (Richard 85; Arnold and Smith 56). More importantly, studies indicate that there is a strong need to promote gender diversity so that learners could create positive interaction patterns in the future. Finally, one must address the issue of possible psychological disorders development. As a recent research asserts, the possibility of bullying is much higher in the same-sex educational environment (Smith 44). Last but definitely not least, the fact that students tend to perform in coeducational schools considerably better than the learners in same-sex facilities needs to be brought up ( The High Schools with the Highest SAT/ACT Scores in the Nation par. 4). As the chart provided below shows, the learners studying in traditional schools show much more impressive results than the ones that attend same-sex educational institutions. Although the statistics allows for only a general overview of the situation and does not help detail specific cases, it still serves as an impressive proof of the fact that same-sex educational facilities are not the best choice at present. Figure 1. Students’ Performance in Same-Sex vs. Coeducational Facilities (SAT): 2014 Statistics (The High Schools with the Highest SAT/ACT Scores in the Nation par. 3). The Opponent’s Opinion: The Argument to Be Considered According to the proponents of single-sex schools, the environment that the latter create helps come up with a uniform teaching strategy that will allow for embracing the needs of all students. Since the diversity of the latter is going to drop, the design of an all-embracive teaching approach will become a possibility (Arnold and Smith 55). Analysis: Looking for the Sensible Step to Take Compared to the current standard for the educational environment, same-sex schools lose points due to the lack of diversity. One may make a very slim argument that the change to a single-sex environment might help introduce a more coherent approach toward teaching students by appealing to their individual needs. Once one of the diversity factors (i.e., gender) is out of the picture, the teachers will be capable of applying a simpler strategy toward delivering the essential information to students and helping the latter train their skills efficiently. However, the above benefit can be deemed as rather dubious when compared to the negative outcomes to be expected. The lack of diversity in schools must cause a drop in students performance, as a recent study has shown (Mhlauli and Muchado 127). Of course, there is a chance that the promotion of same-sex schooling might help students focus better once they are not distracted by interactions with their peers of the opposite sex. However, academic success should not come at the cost of social skills, including the capability of communicating with the representatives of a different gender. Moreover, the fact that the bullying issue is a point of concern in same-sex schools needs to be addressed correspondingly. While encouraging learners to excel in their academic efforts is important, the process of facilitating their emotional and psychological wellbeing is crucial. Seeing that the exposure to consistent bullying is detrimental to the students’ self-esteem and perception of self, it is strongly suggested that the same-sex schooling framework should remain a concept until the above issue is resolved. Seeing that the implications of advocating single-sex schooling are dubious, at best, and detrimental, at worst, it is highly recommendable that same-sex schools should remain a concept at least until possible tools for improving the current approach are created. Conclusion: Making the Right Choice A single-sex school cannot be deemed as a rather unnecessary change to the current framework of education as it will prevent students from gaining essential information about gender diversity. Although the current educational design may have some problems, such as the lack of opportunities for applying an individual approach to each student, it is evidently superior to the same-sex one from the societal perspective. Works Cited Arnold, Shaina Dochterman, and Carla D. Smith. “Difference in Step Counts of 8th Grade Girls During Single Gender and Coeducational Team Games.” Missouri Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance 25.1 (2015): 52-59. Print. Mhlauli, Mavis B., and Jabulani A. Muchado. “Hearing Voices Inside Schools: Issues of Sexuality in Upper Classes in Primary Schools in Botswana.” Journal of Education and Human Development 4.2 (2015): 130-141. Print. Richard, Gabriela T. “Designing Games That Foster Equity and Inclusion: Encouraging Equitable Social Experiences Across Gender and Ethnicity in Online Games.” Design 1.1 (2013): 83-88. Print. Smith, Beth. “The Existence of a Hidden Curriculum in Sex and Relationships Education in Secondary Schools.” Transformations 1.1 (2015): 42-55. Print. The high schools with the highest SAT/ACT scores in the nation . 2014. Web.
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Whistle-blowing and Employee Loyalty Case Study Whistle-blowing is a recommendable practice whenever an organization engages in an unethical practice (Hoppe 2010). Stakeholders should reveal every form of abuse, danger, or negligence in order to safeguard the rights of many people. According to the case study, Hughes Aircraft Company’s Micro-electronic Circuit Division was producing numerous computer chips for different customers. The company was ‘required to ensure its chips passed specific quality assurance (QA) tests’ (Bowyer 2000, p. 2). The firm was also expected to present various documents showing that such chips met all the requirements. Ruth Aldred and Margaret Goodearl became aware of the malpractices at the company. They decided to report the matter to the relevant authorities. This discussion examines the findings of the case. It also offers powerful recommendations that can be used to deal with fraud in different companies. Findings of the Case Many companies engage in unethical or unacceptable business practices. Most of the chips produced by Hughes Aircraft Company were not being tested. Some of the chips also failed to fulfill the required military specifications. The supervisors at the company ‘forced the employees to keep quiet about the problem’ (Bowyer 2000, p. 2). Goodearl and Aldred later reported the malpractice to the authorities in 1986. The company had also harassed and intimidated the two whistle blowers (Bowyer 2000). According to the author, the two employees lost their jobs after reporting the issue to the relevant authorities. After losing their jobs, the individuals ‘underwent significant lifestyle changes’ (Bowyer 2000, p. 5). For example, Goodearl and her husband became bankrupt. However, the workers ‘succeeded and eventually won the case’ (Bowyer 2000, p. 5). The False Claims Act (FCA) has been critical towards uncovering most of the crimes committed by many companies. The company made it impossible for the whistle blowers to emerge victorious. The case study shows how the company was eventually forced to compensate the two employees. The government ‘used the FCA to take over the case in 1992’ (Bowyer 2000, p. 5). The firm ‘paid $3,159,000 to the government and $891,000 to the whistle blowers’ (Bowyer 2000, p. 5). The whistle blowers also ‘sacrificed their careers in order to achieve justice’ (Bowyer 2000, p. 5). Recommendations This discussion presents powerful recommendations that can support the needs of many companies. Employees should be ready to report any kind of abuse in their organizations (Lewis 2011). This practice will ensure every company produces quality products. The article “Goodearl and Aldred Versus Hughes Aircraft: A Whistle-Blowing Case Study” also encourages more students to equip themselves with new ideas about whistle-blowing. The practice will make it easier for them to understand the importance of the False Claims Act. Citizens and students should also read more cases in order to understand this issue much better (Bowyer 2000). Policymakers should also support the False Claims Act in order to protect every consumer. Business organizations can also acquire new concepts from this case study. For instance, they should promote the best ethical practices in order to deliver quality services to their customers (Pierson, Forchit & Bauman 2010). The practice will ensure such companies remain ethical. They will also protect themselves from different civil litigations (Duska 2010). The practice will also ensure more businesses become socially responsible. Many companies will also intimidate and threaten their employees whenever they raise their concerns (Heywood 2009). That being the case, new policies should be implemented in order to protect every whistle blower. This practice will ensure more companies become ethical. The strategy will also safeguard the rights of many stakeholders. List of References Bowyer, K 2000, Goodearl and Aldred Versus Hughes Aircraft: A Whistle-Blowing Case Study .Web. Duska, R 2010, Whistle-blowing and Employee Loyalty . Web. Heywood, J 2009, Engineering Education: Research and Development in Curriculum and Instruction, Wiley, New York. Web. Hoppe, E 2010, Ethical Issues in Aviation, Ashgate Publishing, New York. Web. Lewis, D 2011, Whistle-blowing at Work, A&C Black, New York. Web. Pierson, J, Forchit, K & Bauman, B 2010, ‘Whistle-blowing: An Ethical Dilemma’, AJIS, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 58-62. Web.
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Election Campaign Financing Comparison Essay The first article is an opinion-piece appearing in the “LA Times” and it is titled “Money Won’t Buy you Votes”. The author of this article is Peter Schuck a law professor and an expert in government and political policies. According to Schuck, campaign-financing stakeholders are concerned that new developments in electoral guidelines will promote inequality in the United States’ politics. The concerns of the stakeholders arise from two Supreme Court rulings that allowed politicians more access to private campaign contributions. However, the author of this article disputes the notion that money can influence election outcomes or corrupt democracy (Schuck 1). Schuck gives several reasons to support his argument. For instance, the author claims that the money that is used in election campaigns is not excessive. In addition, the author notes that there are several other factors that contribute towards the inequality of elections other than campaign finances. The opinion writer claims that incumbency is the leading cause of election inequality and not campaign finances. According to the opinion article, the popular belief that private campaign financiers can hijack the electoral process has already been disputed by the existing empirical evidence. The other opinion-article is written by Mark Linsky and it appears in the online issue of “The San Diego Union-Tribune”. Linsky’s article addresses the issue of campaign financing and it is titled “Want Clean Elections? Public Financing is the Answer”. The author of this article is a political science professor who is based in San Diego City College. According to the article, the problem of corruption arising from campaign financing during elections can be contained. The author notes that while local administrations have been trying to manage the situation using locally enacted laws, recent Supreme Court decisions have reversed the gains of some of these legislations. The article’s main argument is that ditching large private donations in favor of public financing would help level the playground for all election contestants. The author addressees the recent initiative to have San Diego’s election contestants give up private campaign financing in favor of publicly acknowledged money (Linsky 1). According to Linsky, the fears of compromised elections would be alleviated by the San Diego initiative that favors public campaign financing over private campaign financing. According to the author, the advantages of public financing include prompting transparency in the electoral process and offering the underfunded candidates a fair chance during elections. According to the article, the money issue is very prominent in the current electoral processes and eliminating it would allow candidates to focus on other important issues. Comparison of the Two Articles Both of these articles address the issue of campaign financing. However, while one article articulates the disadvantages of private campaign financing, the other one downplays the relevance of financing in election outcomes. Schuck’s opinion-article argues that the influence of ‘big money’ in political campaigns is overrated. According to Schuck, all the spending that occurs during election campaigns is necessary (Schuck 1). Therefore, no amount of campaign financing is enough to alter an election-outcome. Linsky disputes this viewpoint by arguing that the issue of campaign financing is too prominent and it has the potential of influencing an election outcome. Linsky’s argument is that “big money has become central to the calculus of success at the polls and it is only logical to find a way to limit its corrupting influence” (Linsky 1). Both authors are aware of the fact that the Supreme Court acts as a major stumbling block towards the enactment of laws that control private campaign financing. Nevertheless, while Linsky supports the move to enact measures to curb private financing, Schuck does not. The main difference in opinion between the two writers lies in the belief that money can have an impact on election outcomes. According to Linsky, “not just the best funded” should become leaders (Linsky 1). On the other hand, Schuck believes that “equal opportunity in politics is impossible to define or control…some candidates have less money but more of other assets” (Schuck 1). Personal Reflection Schuck’s article is more appealing to me in terms of its persuasiveness and argument. According to Schuck, it is unnecessary to give prominence to the issue of campaign financing while existing empirical data shows that ‘money cannot buy votes’ (Schuck 1). Furthermore, the decision by the Supreme Court to allow candidates to continue sourcing money from private sources makes Schuck’s argument legal. On the other hand, Linsky’s article is more of ‘political rhetoric’ than it is a valid opinion-piece. Linsky seeks unorthodox alternatives to private financing but ignores the empirical evidence and legal opinions on the matter. The issue of private financing has featured in the United States’ political policies for several years. Private campaign financiers have been accused of hijacking policies and promoting political corruption. However, even in the absence of private financiers, policies are still being hijacked and political corruption still exists. In addition, election outcomes are influenced by a number of factors and not just money. However, none of these factors receives as much attention as private campaign-financing does. For instance, in the 2008 presidential campaign public financing easily surpassed private financing because there were other prominent underlying issues. Works Cited Linsky, Mark. “Want Clean Elections? Public Financing is the Answer”. The San Diego Union-Tribune . The San Diego Union-Tribune Newspaper, 2014. Web. Schuck, Peter. “Money Won’t Buy you Votes”. The LA Times . The LA Times Newspaper, 2014. Web.
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Central idea from the author 2. Introduction 3. Summary (Chapters 1 and 2) 4. Response 5. Critique 6. Bibliography 7. Footnotes Central idea from the author In his book titled The Art of Not Being Governed , James C. Scott has focussed on the condition of people living in the mountainous region of Zomia and the reasons behind their choice to stay away from the state. Introduction Scott’s study concentrates on people living in clusters in different parts of the mountainous expanse of Zomia (in South East Asia). The fact that this area is not a part of any state inspired him to conduct this analysis. Unlike the lowland region, people residing in this region are not governed by any laws. They are considered to be existent for hundreds of years and even today their living style is primitive. Some of these primitive people ventured into the lowland areas and became civilized. This particular idea of Scott emphasizes the efforts being carried out globally for the upliftment of primitive people. Ironically, people living in this mountainous area intentionally avoid being part of the state in order to safeguard themselves from the usual (that’s their impression about the state) acts of slavery, taxation, bonded labor, employment problems, etc. Summary (Chapters 1 and 2) The first two chapters of the book mainly describe the geographical condition of Zomia. Scott argues that the geographical location of any region greatly influences the control of the state in that particular area. In the case of Zomia, people prefer migrating to this region because of its vast distance from the lowland area and also the topography in between. This region provides shelter to people who want to keep away from the state and its predatory tactics. Besides underlining the different intentions of those migrating to the mountains, the chapters also describe the activities carried out by them to earn a livelihood; Scott mentions “escape agriculture” as one such activity. “Escape agriculture” refers to the cultivation of such crops that acclimatize to the mountain topography, grow fast and do not require much care. In these two chapters, Scott also asserts the importance of rice cultivation in strengthening political supremacy in the valley areas before and during the nineteenth century. This makes us understand that in order to have a stable government, it is necessary to have concerted manpower and large plain areas that may be utilized for cultivation. There are some attributes that differentiate between people from different parts of the world and cultures. But in the case of Zomia, differentiating lowland and highland people on the basis of attributes, such as language, is not possible. Moreover, in these hilly regions, collectiveness keeps on budding constantly. Even though there are different groups within the region, there is no specific line of segregation that can be observed for a long time (continuous). As such, in this region, attributes keep on changing with time. The foremost requirement of a state is to integrate people into different groups based on certain attributes. This situation, obviously, has its repercussions on the efforts of state-making. 1 Response Scott disapproves of the general assumption that people living away from governance are uncivilized. Simply having the name of a state does not guarantee law and order. There are countless examples in the world – in addition to the South East Asia region – where there have been mayhem and turmoil to a great extent. Scott asserts that in spite of a varied set of relations and groups, there is order, though of a different nature, maintained in the mountainous region of Zomia (Scott, 2009). Even though Scott focuses on Zomia, it ought to be understood that institutions engaged in the upliftment of the tribal people, who are beyond the control of the state, have similar views as mentioned in this book. Certainly, this supports the efforts of the global community to bring such primitive (so-called) people into the limelight. Through this book, Scott disagrees that such people are primitive. On the contrary, he argues, that people living in the mountainous region have opted for this life voluntarily. They are not the lingering remnants of the period before the state became existent. Critique After an initial introduction of the mountainous and lowland regions of Zomia, Scott draws the readers’ attention towards the reasons behind people’s preference to live in the upland region. He also looks into the difficulties faced by such people and how they cope with them. After going through the initial chapters it seems that Zomia is really a difficult place to live in. The fact that people are fleeing from the state governed areas to the mountainous region, where the state does not have any governance, clearly depicts the condition of people living in the lowland region. From the reading, it is evident that in addition to the people’s choice, it is a reaction to the state’s policies also. A situation of interdependence among the people living in upland and lowland areas is also an important aspect to contemplate. Bibliography Scott, James. The art of not being governed: An anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia . London: Yale University Press, 2009. Footnotes 1. Michael Dove, “The art of not being governed: An anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia by James C. Scott,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 167, no. 1 (2011): 86-89.
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Introductions of VectorCal and Universal Drones Inc. Essay Introduction of Companies Company Descriptions * Describe your new company called Universal Drones Inc. The world of the 21st century is impossible to imagine without people being engaged in all kinds of technological advancements and globalization. Hence, to secure the steady growth of one’s business, it is of crucial importance to closely examine the aspects of gaining recognition in today’s society. One of the most rapidly growing technology markets today is the commercial drones market, allowing civilians to experience new ways of capturing the environment (Maharana, 2017). In order to make the drones even more accessible, Universal Drones Inc. was formed. The company’s vision implies making people look at things from various perspectives through technology. Universal Drones Inc. is primarily focused on people who want to interact with the environment in order to create, whether they are artists or ecological activists. The product line includes a series of drones with different pricing and enhancement politics, created by the best engineers from all over the world. * Describe VectorCal. VectorCal is now of the major developments in the field of drone navigation systems implying the technology’s accessibility for a broad audience. The product’s major mission correlates with the corporation’s desire to make drones part and parcel of people’s everyday life. The VectorCal’s vision of the product is to provide customers with the products on the shortest notice with the help of implementing automated technology for the drone assembly. Since the key personnel would then include engineers who would be responsible for the assembly process, the pricing policy of the drone would allow expanding the product’s target audience to middle-class representatives. Pricing Analysis Methods When Forecasting Government Expenses Until recently, enterprises like Universal Drones Inc. were considered the monopolists of the drone market due to the lack of healthy competition. Hence, the pricing policy of the company’s deliverables was quite unreasonable, as the company’s stakeholders did not feel the urge to apply proper pricing analysis strategies such as the market price comparison. However, over the past years, the overall market revenue and market availability have drawn the attention of many investors and business owners who now want to become a part of the tendency (Otto et al., 2018). Hence, when forecasting prices with the Government, it is of crucial importance to take into account the segment’s environment and proper resource allocation that would allow to attract a bigger audience and increase revenue. When doing so, the comparison of market prices would play the primary role due to the scope of competition in the emerging market. Cost Considerations * Discuss the following costs that your company, Universal Drones, Inc.s needs to adder during your first year of operations. * Remember to provide a rationale for each of these costs. Semi-variable costs are one of the most crucial in terms of the first year of operations due to the constant variations in the product’s initial cost and its further development in terms of automation (Dawid, 2016). Hence, examples of such expenses include service maintenance, which has a fixed minimum cost with some extra situational payment. The segment of the allocated costs would certainly consider the departments engaged in manufacturing, e.g., project management, sales, and fabrication. Speaking of indirect costs in general, major attention would be paid to the variables, as the product would be in the developmental stage. Conclusion In the context of today’s capitalistic model, the issue of the free market has become one of the most discussed yet demanding in terms of planning. Thus, the navigation drone market is now one of the most popular and rapid-growing in the technology segment throughout the world. Universal Drones Inc., being one of the major manufacturers in the field, has not been recently paying attention to the peculiarities of market distribution and deliverable cost allocation, leaving itself at a significant disadvantage. Hence, in order to remain relevant, it is necessary to reconsider one’s manufacturing patterns and pricing policies in terms of the target audience. Sources Maharana, S. (2017). Commercial drones. In Proceedings of IRF International Conference, Mumbai, India . Otto, A., Agatz, N., Campbell, J., Golden, B., & Pesch, E. (2018). Optimization approaches for civil applications of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or aerial drones: A survey. Networks , 72 (4), 411-458. Dawid, R., McMillan, D., & Revie, M. (2016). Time series semi-markov decision process with variable costs for maintenance planning. In European Safety and Reliability Conference ESREL 2016 , 183.
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Introduction 2. Logos 3. Ethos 4. Pathos 5. Conclusion 6. References Introduction Today, authors of articles of different types frequently adhere to convincing strategies to present their reflections on a particular topic and persuade the readers of their credibility. All of them use three kinds of appeals, which are ethos, pathos, and logos. For instance, in the publication Universities, Governments, and Industry: Can the Essential Nature of Universities Survive the Drive to Commercialize , Young, reveals a hot-button problem in the field of education. The author argues that it is crucial to encourage interest in research instead of paying significant attention to economic motives. Actium Research and McMaster University Collaborate to Commercialize Stem Cell Technologies describes the activity of the company Actium . It aims to “develop anti-cancer stem cell drugs that are directed against a newly identified cancer stem cell marker in leukemia and breast cancer” (Actium research, 2012, para. 8). This way, the purpose of this paper is to compare both articles on the criteria of ethos, pathos, and logos and decide which one is more persuasive. Logos First of all, it is essential to consider the logic of the narration. The structure of both of the articles is precise and allows one to get acquainted with the issue comprehensively. However, this criterion appears to be the stronger point of Universities, Governments, and Industries compared to Actium Research. In general, the latter presents the description of the company and the specifics of the scientific field, which is the focus of the explorations. There is no sufficient reasoning, which proves why the chosen methodology appears to be one of the most effective in the market. The importance of this project causes no doubt, though the thesis is unclear, and the adherence to this approach compared to other options is not explained. On the contrary, Young’s article contains persuasive arguments, which are strong enough to compete with opposing opinions. The author provides a precise thesis for his perspective and gradually introduces the reasoning for it. Thus, in the context of logic and argumentation, the article mentioned first appears to be more descriptive than persuasive compared to the second one. Ethos As for demonstrating the credibility of the text, both of the articles include some points in this regard. Actium Research involves references to the speeches of David Young, Chief Executive Officer of the company, and Mo Elbestawi, McMaster Vice-President, Research and International Affairs. Both of them highlight the likelihood of the successful result of the project. For instance, Mo Elbestawi states: “These discoveries from Dr. Bhatia’s lab show great promise and we’re delighted with his efforts to commercialize the results of his research, from which many will benefit” (Actium research, 2012, para. 7). In addition, the work contains a detailed description of the activity of the company and its administrators, the principles of the company, and the experience of the administrators. Young adheres to another option of contributing to credibility, which is more appropriate to this type of work. First of all, the article includes 16 entries on the reference list, which prompts us to believe that the author conducted proper research before writing the article. In addition, citations to authoritative opinions, which support the position of the author, increase the reliability of the work. Therefore, it should be mentioned that the articles are equal on the ethos criterion. Pathos Due to the specifics of the articles, they do not contain significant emotional appeals in them. However, there are some points, which may make the readers perceive particular feelings. In general, Young argues that a sincere interest in the issue makes a more significant contribution to the research compared to commercial motives. Therefore, he encourages the readers to adhere to morality by highlighting the destructing nature of griping intentions. In this context, his position appears to be more likely to be shared by other people, as they tend to support the importance of moral compulsion. In addition, he provides persuasive examples by covering the reasons for the active production of antidepressants. The author marks: “more research is being carried out on antidepressant drugs than on psychotherapy, even though in mild to moderate depression (the majority of cases) drugs and psychotherapy are approximately equal in efficacy” (Young, 2005, para. 9). This illustrative example presented by Young makes the argumentation more convincing. Actium Research contains considerably fewer appliances of pathos, though they do exist. This method could be used by providing a detailed description of the administrators of the company. The article is intended to highlight their experience and competencies. This way, the readers are highly likely to believe that they are qualified enough to introduce innovations, which are effective in the long run. However, it is evident that the article, which has been mentioned first, appears to be more persuasive on the criteria of pathos. Conclusion Thus, it is evident that Universities, Governments, and Industry: Can the Essential Nature of Universities Survive the Drive to Commercialize is more convincing than Actium Research and McMaster University Collaborate to Commercialize Stem Cell Technologies. It has a precise structure with strong reasoning, which contradicts the opposing opinion. Furthermore, the author adheres to emotional appeal to some extent by providing illustrative examples of his position. References Actium research and McMaster university collaborate to commercialize stem cell technologies. (2012). Cision . Web. Young S. N. (2005). Universities, governments and industry: can the essential nature of universities survive the drive to commercialize?. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience: JPN , 30 (3), 160–163.
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There is a general tendency among students who work and study at the same time consisting in the fact that students tend to spend more time at work instead of devoting their time to studies. The research study looked at how academic performance is affected by both work and study. In addition, the impacts of motivation and individual student ability in terms of academic performance were examined in this research study. Most importantly, the study thoroughly investigated how academic performance is affected by the overall time allocated to students for studying. After carrying out the empirical observation, it was evident that academic work consumed about 6 hours of the total available time throughout a week especially among freshmen students who entered college not long time ago. 413 students were involved in the survey out of a total of 276,449 sample size. When data obtained from the 1987 survey was examined, it was found out that about 48% of college students spend less than 8 hours per week on academic work outside class (Nonis & Hudson 2006, p.153). As a matter of fact, the time spent on academic work has been reducing over the years. Therefore, academic performance has been most affected by poor time management skills among students. In addition, it is also worth to mention that the number of students who are employed either full or part time, has been increasing over the years. For instance, the latest employment index statistics reveals that since 1993 the number of working hours has increased by four percent. In addition, over 16 hours per week are spent by college freshmen who are working. Needless to say, such a situation has affected academic performance in variety of ways. In most instances, some students have to work as they study so that they can meet their daily needs. Universities and lower level colleges will have to deal with the students who find it difficult to manage their study time well. A long term strategy should be put in place because it would be futile to reward minimal effort by lowering academic standards. Although other factors such as individual student ability and motivation are known to affect academic performance, it is worth to mention that time spent on academic work outside classroom environment matters a lot in determining the overall academic performance. As a matter of fact, there is lack of adequate research study on how student ability and motivation influence academic performance. One of the hypotheses presented in this empirical research study is that students who spend additional time on academic work are more likely to perform better than those who spend the same time doing other non-academic work. For instance, a study carried out in 1991 by Pascarella and Terenzini observed that the GPA obtained by college freshmen in their first year of study largely determines their study habits in the subsequent years. In addition, the anticipated course grades are largely affected by the total study time. Hence, good time management especially when out of classroom environment significantly determines academic performance. In the second hypothesis, the researchers unanimously established that academic performance is directly proportional to the duration of working hours. Students who spend more time working than studying are likely to be distracted by other external influences that relate to their commitments at work. On a final note, the researchers observed that time spent on academic work especially outside classroom environment tends to boost individual student ability to perform well (Nonis & Hudson 2006, p.155). In addition, college students are more likely to be motivated if they perform well in their academic work as a result of securing enough time for their studies. Reference Nonis, S. A. & Hudson, G I 2006, “Academic performance of college students: Influence of time spent studying and working”. Journal of Education for Business, vol. 81 no. 3, pp. 151-159.
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Demand for the Products of the Psychiatric and Pharmaceutical Industry Essay Economics is the science of making decisions in the presence of scarce resources. Decisions are important because scarcity implies that there is a trade off involved between alternatives: by choosing one, you give up the other. Economic decisions thus involve the allocation of scarce resources, with the driving forces of supply and demand which comprise a market economy (Chrystal & Lipsey, 1999). An article dated November 29, 2006 in the Online Journal talks about the US government’s efforts to generate demand for the products of the psychiatric/pharmaceutical industry. At the time it was expected that the government would soon launch a large scale advertising campaign on television, print media as well as radio, targeting people in the age bracket of 18 and 25. The objective of the campaign as formally stated would be to “encourage, educate and inspire 18-25-year olds to step up and support friends they know are experiencing a mental health problem.” But this writer had doubts whether this was actually the intent of this marketing effort (Warner, 2006). The writer felt quite certainly that through these ads the government wanted to “create customers” for this industry which saw a lot of potential in the above mentioned age bracket for psychiatric drugs and services. The government has started out its attempt to expand its market by first and foremost removing the stigma behind psychiatric illnesses and increase acceptance for chemical-imbalance induced mental problems. It will, through this campaign, inform people about the disastrous consequences of failing to seek professional medical help and the increase in medical illnesses. Hence, encouraging people to seek help, for themselves or for people around them will lead to an increase in the number of potential patients for this industry (Warner, 2006). This according to the writer is a strategy on the government’s part to generate more demand and consequently, more sales for the psychiatric/pharmaceutical industry. This is an economic example of a rightward shift in the demand curve (Warner, 2006). Movement along a demand curve is called a change in quantity demanded. A movement along the demand curve is caused by a change in the price of the good or service. For instance, a fall in the price of the good results in an increase in its quantity demanded. A shift of the demand curve is called an increase or decrease in demand and is caused by changes in other factors such as advertising, income, or price of related goods. A rightward shift of the demand curve is called increase in demand as more of the good is demand at each price while a leftward shift in the demand curve is called a decrease in demand (Baye, 2006). The situation described in the article would cause an increase in demand as it is stimulated by an advertising campaign, not by changes in price. Had the price of these drugs increased or decreased, the movement would have been along the demand curve. The drug industry want to expand its market and the 18-25 year segment represents an untapped market with a lot of potential buyers who can be convinced to seek medical help for their issues. The government-backed advertising campaign thus plans on initially creating a mindset which does not consider psychiatric illnesses a stigma, and then go on to make them its customers. The supply of pharmaceutical drugs will remain unaffected as these drugs are already being manufactured and sold, albeit in lesser quantities. This move is an attempt to generate more demand by increasing awareness, reducing bias and encouraging treatment (Warner, 2006). References 1. Baye, M. (2006). Managerial Economics and Business Strategy . Singapore: McGraw Hill. 2. Chrystal A., Lipsey, R. G. (1999). Principles of Economics . Oxford University Press 3. Warner, R. (2006). Federal government launches marketing campaign for psychiatric industry .
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To some degree, the book demonstrates that the author’s life after the release proved to be even more excruciating than in prison. In particular, he had to encounter such challenges as lack of trust and racial discrimination which undermined many of his efforts. On the whole, Jeff Henderson had to cope with various difficulties which made his life very frustrating. In particular, many employers had a very prejudiced attitude toward people who were sentenced for an offence. This conviction made them almost ineligible for any kind of job. This problem is familiar to many people who were sentenced to prison (Voorhis 72). This is why Jeff Henderson emphasizes the importance of gaining the trust of managers (Henderson 43). The main issue is that an individual abhors the idea of being at the mercy of others. To a great extent, these attitudes of others demonstrated to him that his criminal record would be as a constant barrier for him. This is one of the problems that the author is forced to encounter. Apart from that, one should not overlook the problem of racism. Many of the managers expected Jeff Henderson to deceive them. This is one of the most widespread racial stereotypes (King 7). This is one of the reasons they were reluctant to deal with him. The author describes their attitudes in the following way, “They had probably never seen anything like me: a black man who could really cook. I think they were expecting some hack” (Henderson 11). The narrator had to prove that his skills had outweighed the suspicions and concerns of employers. Moreover, other workers did not have to face these challenges, especially if they were white. This is one of the points that should be considered. These examples show that Jeff Henderson had to cope with significant difficulties after his release from prison. Much attention should be paid to the prejudiced attitudes of many people focused on Henderson’s criminal record or race, but his skills. This attitude of people can be very frustrating for an individual. These are the main aspects that should be taken into account. Works Cited Henderson, Jeff. Cooked: My Journey From the Streets to the Stove , New York: Harper Collins, 2007. Print. King, Lovalerie. Race, Theft, and Ethics: Property Matters in African American Literature , Boston: LSU Press, 2007. Print. Voorhis, Patricia. Psychological Classification of the Adult Male Prison Inmate . New York: SUNY Press, 1994. Print.
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Cultural Competency and Verbal Communication Norms Essay (Critical Writing) Cultural competence implies the ability to distinguish the behavioral and attitudinal peculiarities of individuals from different cultural, racial, and ethnic groups. The most evident difference can be observed in verbal communication norms. For example, individuals in the Asian communities value the demonstration of respect in interpersonal communication and usually show higher appreciation for those in superior social positions (Cherry & Jacob, 2017). Therefore, when working with the representatives of this cultural group, a nurse may prefer to adhere to more formal communication styles, especially when interacting with older individuals or males since they are normally associated with greater authority and play major roles in their families’ decision-making (“How culture influences health beliefs,” n.d.). Cherry and Jacob (2017) also note that Native Americans usually speak in a low tone of voice, expecting others to be attentive. Thus, it would be disrespectful on the part of a nurse to ask an Indian American patient to speak up. Additionally, it is essential to pay attention to different groups’ non-verbal communication norms, such as eye contact. The majority of cultural communities regard direct eye contact as a sign of disrespect and rudeness. Moreover, Hispanics view the avoidance of eye contact as a sign of attentiveness and respect (Cherry & Jacob, 2017). Thus, to improve patients’ perception of communication quality, a nurse should alter their non-verbal communication styles according to diverse individuals’ behavioral expectations. Culturally defined health beliefs and traditional practices also play a significant role in individuals’ health-related decision-making. For example, in many cultures, different herbs are frequently used for self-care (Cherry & Jacob, 2017). Therefore, it would be appropriate to ask a patient whether he or she prefers traditional or contemporary medical practices and devise intervention strategies according to his or her preferences. However, to do so effectively, a nurse must, first of all, improve the knowledge of traditional approaches to self-care in distinct cultural groups and explore each of them in greater detail. References Cherry, S., & Jacob, S. R. (2017). Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, & management (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. How culture influences health beliefs . (n.d.) Web.
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Shakespeare’s “King Lear” and Smiley’s “A Thousand Acres” Essay The drama of King Lear is apparent for all times. The family bounds can simply crash when there is a place for the property. This is idea is the same in Jocelyn Moorhouse’s movie “A Thousand Acres” based on Jane Smiley’s novel with the same title. The ideas and characters in both works reflect the same actions and effects. Mirroring the features of Shakespeare’s play Moorhouse tried to implement such an age-old idea toward the current evaluation of it. In other words, both works need comparison in the background, themes, ideas, and performance. One of the observers admits that “there is always the possibility that assigning King Lear along with A Thousand Acres could gradually evolve into replacing King Lear with A Thousand Acres” (Rozett 178). The paper seeks for detailed comparative analysis of related works to find out points on sameness. In King Lear and A Thousand of Acres, the destinies of both King Lear and Larry Cook encounter unfair attitudes toward daughters and death, as a result. First of all, it is necessary to point out that both heroes, King Lear and Larry Cook are represented as proprietors of huge territorial domains. Landowners are proud of their nobility and respect from the side of the publicity. Lear has the whole kingdom, and Larry owns huge farmland in Iowa. Their dominance in the region where they live is huge and incontestable. Moreover, the lands which they possess are not bold. They include also everything which is related to them. For instance, in Lear’s case, one of the pieces of his land includes the vineyards with great deposits of Burgundy vines (Shakespeare 1:1). In Larry’s case, the lands are farmyards with cattle and other animals and things that are valued to be profitable. One peculiarity as of both fathers is that their names sound almost similar: Lear and Larry. The main effort which both characters are going to do is to divide their property amongst three daughters. King Lear provides the whole deliberation with the earl of Gloucester according to the point of the kingdom division: Meantime we shall express our darker purpose. Give me the map there. Know that we have divided In three our kingdom: and ’tis our fast intent (Shakespeare 1:1). Each of the characters has three daughters who reflect their roles and actions in both works respectively. The thing is that the youngest daughters, being with nothing, rebel for their parts of the father’s property. This makes the eldest ones lie to their father because in both cases the loveliest daughters achieve the major parts of the land. The eldest daughters are trying to do everything for the wealth promised my father. This point makes both works similar as well. However, the personal requests of a daughter on fathers’ goodness make the second go insane. Lear and Larry are in despair because of the consequences of the suchlike division of the land. When Lear has no feedback from the eldest daughter, Goneril, he in the conversation with Regan says the fatal phrase: “My curses on her!” (Shakespeare 2:4). This makes daughters fall in rage. In the case with Cook’s family in the scene when Ginny and Rose talk in the toilette about father’s madness, Rose notes: “It outrages me!” Thus the daughters are not fair in their feedbacks toward fathers’ goodness. In this feature, both works provide the dramatic evaluation of actions. As a result, the greed and constant squabble of the eldest daughters, Ginny (General) and Rose (Regan) lead to the loss of the land. In the movie, they even lose their husbands and fall in despair because of such events. The fate of both King Lear and Larry Cook is very sad. Larry due to the alcoholic abuse goes insane because of the family quarrels. He seeks any restoration of previous relationships, but it is in vain. The youngest daughter refused to impart the piece of land. She is the one who comes to father in trying hours. He dies from a heart attack. In Lear’s case, he finds no consolation and understands his helplessness. He also dies because of heart disease. The fates of both characters are paralleled but with relation to different times. Notwithstanding, the main idea of how greed and false love to a father can do harm to the whole family. It also shows the rationality in the choice of the youngest daughters. When Lear and Larry suddenly decided to share the land among the daughters, they did not even think of the negative evaluation of their fates. Thus, in King Lear and A Thousand of Acres, the destinies of both King Lear and Larry Cook encounter unfair attitudes of daughters and death, as a result. The main points of Shakespeare’s play are reflected by the writer Jane Smiley, whose novel was screened by Jocelyn Moorhouse. The betrayal of daughters and the naïve decisions of fathers provide the viable problem between family bonds and possession of the property. References A Thousand Acres . Dir. Jocelyn Moorhouse. Screenplay. Michelle Pfeiffer, Jessica Lange, Jason Robards, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Colin Firth, Keith Carradine, Kevin Anderson, Pat Hingle. Walt Disney, 1998. Rozett, Martha Tuck. Talking back to Shakespeare. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press, 1994. Shakespeare, William. King Lear . Web.
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Volkswagen, Toyota, Nissan and Honda Report The automotive industry produces and sells motor vehicles, which are goods. It is one of the highest revenue generating industries in the world. Approximately 80.1 million cars were produced in 2011. The major industry players are Volkswagen, Toyota, Nissan and Honda. (OICA, 2012) Company background Audi is an automobile manufacturer based in Germany; it manufactures a wide range of vehicles. Volkswagen AG as a subsidiary owns Audi as a brand. The four rings in the Audis symbol represent the 1932 amalgamation of the four brands that formed the Auto-union AG. The four brands were The Saxon brands of Audi and Horch from Zwickau, Wanderer from Chemnitz and DKW from Zschopau (Audi, 2012). Toyota Motor Corporation is the manufacturer of Toyota Land cruiser S.U.V. Toyota has its headquarters in Toyota city, Aichi, Japan. Toyota deals in the automotive, robotics and financial services industries. It is the largest automaker in the industry. Toyota was founded in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda, and has grown on since the production of AA Sedan in 1936 to become the largest car manufacture in the world (Toyota, 2012). Product overview The sports utility vehicles are vehicles build on light truck chassis and are accompanied by a four-wheel drive for on and off road use. Toyota land cruiser is a vehicle designed to meet off road needs and urban roads. It is also luxurious vehicles. This is evident as, it has a V8 engine, which enables it to have off-road capabilities. In addition, it is luxurious and can carry up to eight passengers. It has a $77,955 price tag (Toyota, 2012). Audi S.U.V A6 all road is a vehicle that is luxurious, and gives an off-road experience too, it is cheaper compared to the Toyota land cruiser S.U.V. Is offers more fuel economy as compared to the land cruiser as it has a $70,000 price tag (Audi, 2012) Strategic marketing Strategic marketing is the use of a company’s strategic plans to market its products. It entails the company to identifying areas where a firm has a sustainable competitive edge over the other firms in the market and it use them as their marketing strategy. (Procto, 2000) Macro environmental forces These environmental forces are outside the organization. They affect industries as wells as individual organizations. The organization has little or no control over these forces. They include the following among others: politics, economics, social cultural factors, technology, Environment and the legal frameworks (Pride & Farrell 2012). Micro environmental forces Microenvironment is the organizational environment. It comprises of the internalities of the organization that is the forces the organization has some control over. They include among others, employees, Trade unions, local community, suppliers and customers (Pride & Farrell 2012). SWOT analysis SWOT analysis is the analysis of strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats a firm is facing. It involves looking at factors that are both within as well as outside the firm. Strengths and weaknesses are factors that affect the organizations internal environment, while opportunities and threats affect the organizations external environment. An analysis of these factors is very important in formulating corporate strategic plan and the marketing and positioning plan for a product (Procto, 2000). Market segmentation Market segmentation is the subdividing of the market into distinct subsets of customers who are relatively homogeneous so that specific marketing mix strategies can be developed to secure each market (Pride & Farrell 2012). Target markets Target markets are the markets in which a firm wants to sell its goods and services. The firm chooses the market segments it wants to operate in according to its abilities. This should be based on their current use, their potential for future growth, and competitors’ strengths (Procto, 2000). Positioning strategy Positioning is the process by which a company establishes an image of its products in the minds of the customer relative to the image of the competitors’ product offering. Positioning strategy are the strategies that the firm is using to position itself in the minds of their consumers (Procto, 2000). Toyota S.U.V cruiser and Audi S.U.V A6 are positioned as premium class vehicles. They are sold to the upper end markets, where consumers want luxurious cars for off and on road use. Recommendations This is the section where the recommendations about the report recorded. In the recommendation section, the writer makes his recommendations based on the facts preset in the report. The recommendations give suggestion on possible solutions to what the report seeks to achieve (Bentley 2003). References Audi Worldwide > Home. (n.d.). Audi of America > Luxury Has Progressed . Retrieved from https://www.audi.com/en.html Bentley, T. J. (2003). Report writing in business: the effective communication of information (Repr. ed.). London: Elsevier. OICA. (n.d.). OICA . Retrieved from http://www.oica.net/ Pride, W. M., & Ferrell, O. C. (2012). Marketing (2012 ed.). Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Proctor, T. (2000). Strategic Marketing An Introduction. . New York: Routledge. Toyota Motor Corporation global website. (n.d.). Toyota Motor Corporation global
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Biopsychosocial Experience in Drug Abuse Treatment Essay There has to be a preventive strategy in every intervention procedure to avoid the occurrence of a disease (Straussner, 2012). I find the course of treatment in this intervention beneficial for the creation of the needed preventive measures. I have chosen CBT as my preferred intervention in this treatment. The treatment interventions suggested include attending a 12-step program that will be scheduled three times a week. This will be done until the client registers notable improvements. The client will also be required t meet with a social worker for personalized counseling social for the next six weeks. Medication management will be monitored through a once every month scheduled meeting with the psychiatrist. The client has several strengths, including the fact that she enjoys working out and running as part of physical activity to keep fit. She also enjoys a good relationship with her four children because she loves children. She used to work as a teacher before depression overwhelmed her. She indicated that she would like to return to teaching when the depression is under control. In this Biopsychosocial work, I have achieved several things. Through this social work experience, I understood my profession’s strengths, limitations, and areas where improvement is required. This has also helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses and places where I need to improve. I have realized that smokers smoke for varied reasons, but there is one common reason for all. They all have underlying psychological issues that they intend to suppress by getting high on the drug. During this fieldwork, I hoped to accomplish other goals, but it was difficult to do so with the limited kind of approach. I wanted to prove that drugs use, especially marijuana, increases the rate of crime. It is a widespread belief that drug-users are more prone to committing suicide than those who do not use drugs. This rationale has been used repeatedly to try to scare non-smokers from engaging in the use of marijuana. However, in my work, I was proven wrong when the Pt denied being involved in any legal issues or problems with the authorities (Straussner, 2012). I was also unable to verify that drug abuse has severe implications and damaging impacts on the abuser’s relationship with his or her family. Due to these assumptions and biases, the treatment process was shaped in a way that it addresses the wrong issues. To enhance the impact of the biasness of this treatment process, one has to give it the right approach. It is essential to approach the issue as a real problem and not as a particular case, which needs exaggerated attention. As a social worker, I have realized people are reluctant to respond to strangers. As a social worker, people view you as a minor health practitioner, and most of them doubt your ability to treat. This compromises their willingness to share their personal information with you. On the other hand, the client feels threatened to give out his personal accounts on drug usage. To reduce the power differential effect as a social worker, I had to try to make the client feel comfortable to talk to me. I achieved this by holding private interviews to assure the clients of our conversation’s confidentiality. Reference Straussner, S. (2012). Ethnocultural factors in substance abuse treatment. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
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The Roaring Twenties and Racial Relationships Essay The Roaring Twenties were marked by a rapid technological breakthrough and the uninhibited progress in the subversion of gender roles, thus causing a significant change in American society. However, not all members of the newly established U.S. community felt welcome and happy in the era of the Roaring Twenties (Foner 782). Due to the rampant racial discrimination, African American people were severely marginalized in the American setting, which led to an increase in social tensions. The creation of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), which pushed the concept of racial profiling to the nth degree, could be seen as the pinnacle of racism in early 20th-century America. African American citizens, which endured systemic oppression and were constantly marginalized at the time, represented the population that could not define the twenties as the era f peace and safety. The creation of the KKK jeopardized not only civil liberties but also the lives of numerous African Americans, causing them to experience massive distress (Foner 784). Combined with the rise in unemployment, which affected the disadvantaged population, in general, the U.S. of the 1920ies represented a weird concoction of hopeful attitudes and the depressing reality of poverty and discrimination. However, not only African Americans but also people belonging to ethnic minorities were under a considerable threat in American society of the 1920ies. The infamous Sacco and Vanzetti case, which resulted in a gross miscarriage of justice and execution of two Italian immigrants, showed that the problem of interracial and intercultural dialogue in American society reached its peak (). Middle-class American citizens felt rather safe and secure within the context of prospering American society. However, immigrants, people of color, and other minorities were heavily threatened by the lack of social justice in the legal system and the impact that fear and propaganda, as shown in the described case, which demonstrated the effects of the “Red scare” (780). Therefore, there was a giant rift between white, middle-class Americans and ethnic and racial minorities, who could not enjoy as many social and economic advantages as the majority of the U.S. population could at the time. Despite the era representing a significant technological breakthrough and an advance in economic development, the presence of deep-seated prejudices in American society aggravated the social situation. Furthermore, it led to tensions and an increase in the gap between different classes of people (Foner 791). They were supported by the legislation that encouraged further marginalization of immigrants, as the social attitudes in the U.S. of the 1920ies created a very hostile environment for ethnic and racial minorities, as Lucas W. Parrish’s 1921 speech indicated (Foner 792). Thus, the “Roaring Twenties” were not as stellar a period for African Americans and other racial minorities as it was for the white American demographic. Due to the consistent discrimination against African American people, which was integrated firmly into the fabric of social interactions within the U.S. society, the specified racial minority could not participate in the massive emotional upheaval that the rest of the people of the Roaring Twentieth experienced. The upper and middle-class representatives of the American population could indulge in the opportunities that the technological advances and economic growth offered, yet African Americans were faced with hostility and disdain. The emergence of the KKK signaled that African American people were facing an imminent threat and that the racial relationships within American society had to be addressed immediately. Work Cited Foner, Eric. Give Me Liberty! 3rd ed., W. W. Norton & Company, 2016.
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Analysis of Swift’s Modest Analytical Essay At the beginning of the Modest Proposal, Swifts satirizes on the problem of the poor and over-population in Ireland and pledges for the English people to pay attention to it (Sayre, 2012). However, further discussion focuses on the Kingdom of Ireland at the end of the discussion, particularly on the governmental policies that lead to poverty and destruction of the country. Hence, on the one hand, the author blames England for deplorable situation in the country. On the other hand, the Irish government is also to blame for inappropriate taxation policies and unequal distribution of resources among the population. Although these two solutions are opposite, they do not exclude each other; rather, a two-fold approach to solving a problem could significantly improve the situation with poor children in Ireland. Swifts makes use of satirical devices to support his thesis; he also enumerates various preparation styles and financial benefits of selling children to wealthy people. The author appeals to the authorities and discusses the pandemic of plight in Ireland. By using the methods of sustained irony, the reader could be shocked by the surprised proposal of Shift, particularly when he offers, a young health child well nursed, is at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust (Swift, 1729, n. p.). Thus, it is often difficult for the readers to immediately realize that the proposal should not be taken seriously because it is just Swift’s attempt to pay the governmental and public attention to the problem of poverty and over-population in Ireland. The satirical style of the essay is recognized only after the allusion is introduced in Swift’s (1729) discussion of landlords, which is presented as follows:”I grant this food may be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for Landlords, who…to have the best Title to Children” (n. p.). In such a way, Swift criticizes the English government for inappropriate treatment of Ireland, by stating that Irish children are often considered a commodity that could be exploited. The main idea of Swift’s argument does not premise on the detrimental conditions in Ireland; rather, it primarily focuses on the inconsistency of reforms and schemes that the government invented to improve social and economic welfare of the country. Additionally, Swift expresses indignation about the projects that sought to fix population in Ireland, as well as consider labor issues. In response to the development of industrial solutions, the Modest Proposal is represented as “a burlesque of projects concerning the poor”, that were popular at the beginning of eighteen century (Swift, 1729, n. p.). Additionally, the proposal aims to evaluate the way people treat the poor while developing their reforms and strategies. Due to the fact that the Swift’s paper focuses on the reformers who consider humans as commodities, the main criticism refers to the failure of authorities to solve this problem rationally and efficiently. The author also demonstrates the absurdist nature of the reforms and projects introduced by the authorities, which is regarded as “technique of a political arithmetician” (Swift, 1729, n. p.). The discrepancies at the beginning and at the end of the proposal are logically explained because Swift criticizes both the Irish politicians and the English government that is responsible for the destruction of the Irish population suffering from diseases and poverty. The misery of the populace is on the edge and, in response to the problem, Swifts debates on incompetence and negligence of the authorities in dealing with the economic and social challenges. Swift’s pamphleteering was a popular trend during this historical period because it successfully reflects on the despair and mistreatment of the poor, as well as on inefficiency of the Irish political forces to settle the problem. According to Swift (1729), reliance on economic utilitarianism is a false attempt of political reformers to change the situation Ireland because humanitarian concerns should approached in a multidimensional way. Hence, the author forwards a negative message concerning the morally inappropriate solutions toward the poor and densely populated regions in Ireland. At this point, the essay discusses a series of surprising positions that shock the audience and provokes the negative reaction toward the policies of the Irish and English governments. At his point, the surprise extract seems to have the necessary impact on the readers. In conclusion, Swift’s Modest proposal provides an interesting and provoking discussion of the problem of poverty and plight in the Irish regions. Specifically, the author presents an ironic view on the government’s policy and public reaction to the deplorable situations and offers a shocking solution of selling children to the wealth people as commodities. While deliberating on his project, the author develops contradicting assumption concern the measures to be taken to prevent over-population. On the one hand, Swift blames the English government for the negligent attitude of Irish people. On the other hand, he expands on the Irish politicians who fail to provide viable decisions. One way or another, the surprise reading seems to have a considerable effect on the readers. References Sayre, H. M. (2012). The Humanities: Culture, continuity and change . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Swift, J. (1729). A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from being a Burden on Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Publick. The Victorian Web. Retrieved from http://www.victorianweb.org/previctorian/swift/modest.html
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Accounting Studies for a Career in Marketing Essay Marketing as a field of business is connected to many other aspects of business and requires interdisciplinary knowledge. Marketing mainly relates to accounting through managerial accounting, which is important for decision making and performance evaluation. Thus, the knowledge of accounting is valuable for majority of processes in the marketing field. This essay will explore vital connections between marketing and accounting and discuss why students should learn about accounting when planning a career in marketing. The first undeniable connection between accounting and marketing lies in the financial terms of marketing. Marketing activities are predominantly used to achieve profit maximization, which is the drive behind the marketing strategy (Cvitanović, 2018). Moreover, according to Matsuoka (2020), accounting and revenue accounting, in particular, contribute to the plan and control of marketing through the marketing budget. Some of the accounting techniques are even used in marketing to manage customer data. In an article by Cvitanović (2018), the author states that marketing professionals share misconceptions of financial terms and important accounting aspects in both conceptual and pragmatic ways. However, according to Stewart, to ensure effective communication between different branches and fields of business, the marketing specialists should be able to ‘speak the same financial language’ (as cited in Cvitanović, 2018, p. 84). In some companies, the issue is solved by organizing educational workshops for marketing employees on financial analysis and accounting topics. In conclusion, the students that plan on making a career in marketing should learn about accounting to gain the skills and knowledge required for the financial aspect of operations in marketing. The fact that some of the same techniques used in accounting could be used in marketing highlights the importance of expanding the students’ scope through interdisciplinary knowledge. Moreover, to ensure an effective connection between the employees, the marketing staff should understand the basic financial terms and concepts. References Cvitanović, P. (2018). Managing accounting and financial aspects of marketing. Journal of Accounting and Management, 8 (2), 83-94. Matsuoka, K. (2020). Exploring the interface between management accounting and marketing: a literature review of customer accounting. Journal of Management Control, 31 , 157-208. doi:10.1007/s00187-020-00299-9
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Homeless Population’s Needs and Human Services Essay Homelessness is one of the central problems in the United States, with Miami-Dade County not being an exception. There are more than 3,600 homeless people in the county, among which 35% are male, 46% have a disability, and 25% have no source of income (“Affordable housing,” 2019). Even though both sheltered and unsheltered individuals indicated their greatest need was housing (“Affordable housing,” 2019), there are other needs that this population has. In Miami-Dade County needs of homeless people hardly differ from those around the world (“Affordable housing,” 2019). Normative needs include adequate sheltering, access to healthcare services, education, affordable housing, and stable income (Bender, Yang, Ferguson, & Thompson, 2015). The comparative needs include psychological help to acquire self-sufficiency and knowledge about available resources (Bender et al., 2015). The felt needs include stability, companionship, and connection, while the expressed needs are food, clothing, raingear, pet food, and personal hygiene items. In short, the needs of homeless people are diverse and complex. In human service programs, I believe it is best to address comparative needs. In comparison with the general population, homeless people lack self-efficacy and information about the available resource to change their way of life. Giffords, Alonso, and Bell (2007) confirm the matter in their case study about people transitioning to adulthood. The authors conclude that human service programs are vital for providing “independent resources and skills, empowering [the homeless] to make the difficult transition to self-sufficiency” (Gifford et al., 2007, p. 150). In other words, rather than providing people with their everyday needs, the programs should aim at teaching the homeless about ways to overcome their problems and become self-sustained. References Affordable housing critical to maintaining downward trend of street homelessness in Miami-Dade County. (2019). Web. Bender, K., Yang, J., Ferguson, K., & Thompson, S. (2015). Experiences and needs of homeless youth with a history of foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 55, 222-231. Giffords, E., Alonso, C., & Bell, R. (2007). A transitional living program for homeless adolescents: A case study. Child & Youth Care Forum, 36(4), 141–151.
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Distribution Functions in Biostatistics Essay In biostatistics, samples differ from population variables due to random fluctuations. The behavior of the random fluctuations can be described by developing mathematical equations. These equations are known as probability distribution functions. The functions give information on how the random fluctuation will exceed an expected level of variation. The distribution functions can be expressed in several ways such as mathematical equations, graphs, and tables. Several distributions can describe random fluctuations. The first example is a normal distribution. The shape of a normal curve is similar to a bell and it is commonly used to analyze several variables that are related to biological studies. This type is most suitable for continuous variables. The second type is the log-normal distribution. In public health, it is commonly used to describe laboratory results and length of hospital stay among other variables. This type of distribution suits continuous variables. The third type of distribution is a binomial distribution. It describes proportions and it is often used when analyzing the fractions that respond to a specific variable such as treatment of a specific drug that is being analyzed. It is mostly used for discrete random variables. The final type is the Poisson distribution. It describes the number of occurrences of random events. In biostatistics, this distribution function can be used to evaluate the number of deaths that are reported over a specified duration. It is mostly used for discrete variables. Apart from the types described above, several other distributions do not describe the fluctuations that are observed in the data. These distributions often explain the variations in the numbers that are used when testing a specific hypothesis. These distributions are evident when coming up with decisions on whether to reject or not reject the null hypothesis. The most common types of this category of distributions are Chi-square, Fisher F distribution, and Students t distribution (Sullivan, 2011). All the distributions mentioned above are used in various aspects of biostatistics. However, some are more commonly used than others. The most widely used is the normal probability distribution. This distribution function is described by two parameters. These are the mean and the standard deviation. The distribution describes continuous data that has symmetry. Thus, if a histogram is drawn, then the bars will be evenly distributed on the right and the left from the center. For instance, in public health, a normal distribution function is used when analyzing the birth weights of newborn babies. In most cases, the histogram of weight for newborn babies shows symmetry. Further, a smooth curve can be superimposed on the histogram to prove whether the data follows a normal distribution or not. Thus, by observing the graphs, one can tell whether the data is normally distributed or not (Sullivan, 2011). In the example above, the birth weights follow a normal distribution. The data can be used to estimate a range within which the weights will be considered normal. Observations that lie outside this range are not considered normal. In real life, the World Health Organization has come up with a normal weight range for newborns. If the data provided does not fall in this range, then the babies in the sample are likely to experience the risks that are associated with either low or high birth weights. For instance, if a baby is born with a weight that is below the lower level of this range, then the babyfaces risk of mortality. On the other hand, if the weight of the newborn exceeds the upper limit, then the baby can suffer from obesity. This shows a perfect example of how a normal distribution function is used in public health. References Sullivan, L. (2011). Essentials of biostatistics in public health . New York: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
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The Barriers for Conducting Epidemiological Studies on Chronic Diseases Essay Epidemiological are studies concerned with the causes of the health occurrences, their patterns and consistency in the wellbeing of the population. This is usually done in a predetermined population under a specified environment. The purpose is to influence public policy decisions through the consideration of; disease spread, risk aspects and preventive measures to be taken. The study is done to improve public welfare (Dyckman, 2006). There are various factors that hinder the development of epidemiological studies in chronic diseases. The level of data protection tendencies in the highly developed countries is a major concern. An example is the UK where legislation is enacted by replacing the law on the confidentiality of the doctor to the patient with the data protection Act 1998. Unfortunately, this is the idea of the government, while it is necessary for the government to protect citizens from intruders to information it is counterproductive to the well being of the society to enact such a law. This has highly affected the research activities by hindering the access to information (Dyckman, 2006). The next major factor is finances to carry out these studies. In most cases, these studies involve a lot of scientific research which can safely be done in laboratories and other technical facilities. However, these facilities require enormous capital to establish. To most countries, this is a major setback as they cannot afford this kind of facilities. For example, finances required in the development of genetic or atomic engineering laboratories used in studying cancerous growths like brain tumors. This will always undermine research activities in most countries (Hester 2012). The technical expertise required in these studies is sometimes a major factor. In some countries, like the third world countries, there are insufficient doctors to treat patients in hospitals let alone those that can carry out the research. Most of these countries rely on secondary information from previous research activities. Unfortunately for the health profession, some of these diseases are among the highly ranked killer diseases in the world like cancer (Michael, 2004). Next is the problem that involves insufficient man power in some countries. In most of the third world countries, there is insufficient skilled manpower to carry out these studies. This is because of insufficient remuneration to the skilled personnel leading to a brain drain. Where by skilled and talented individuals migrate to better paying countries like the western countries. This has resulted in a serious shortage of skilled personnel in these countries (Michael, 2004). The time is another major constraint in carrying out research. In most cases, research is carried out under a predetermined time frame but the time is rarely enough. The ethics of some of the doctors involved in the research is wanting to a point that the state has to interfere. This has highly affected research activities in some of the countries. For example in England, before the enactment of section 60 0f the Health and social care Act 2001. The professional bodies had to come in and put forward clear policies concerning ethical guidelines in conducting research. This had initially brought conflict between the government and professional bodies due to inconsistent policies advocated by the various professional bodies. The inconsistencies come about in the treatment of confidentiality, informed consent and anonymity of individuals involved in a research study (Michael, 2004). References Dyckman, T. (2006). Research for MBAs and Masters . New York: Penguin Publishers. Hester, J. T. (2012). Academic medicine campaign, BMJ Group: (pp. 10-30). London: Night tankle. Michael E. P. (2004). Understanding research in the 20 th Century. Chicago: The Free Press.
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The Future of Health Services Delivery Essay The ultimate aim of any healthcare system is to ensure that the targeted beneficiaries receive high-quality and timely medical services. Stakeholders need to examine all available indicators and trends to implement evidence-based clinical guidelines and care delivery systems. This paper describes how external initiatives have the potential to assist healthcare institutions to implement quality-based strategies that can improve clinical outcomes. External Initiatives The American government designs and supports various initiatives that can support the introduction and implementation of superior strategies to improve the country’s health. For instance, the Healthy People is a model that identified specific objectives that are founded on scientific objectives to engage different partners and implement appropriate improvement strategies (McGowan et al., 2020). The external initiatives guide stakeholders to learn more about the health challenges many people encounter. The strategy outlines some of the leading causes of disparities and presents evidence-based to address them. The established health care delivery systems can focus on the leading indicators of health to implement appropriate practices, engage key stakeholders, and guide local agencies to identify the intended health outcomes. Policymakers need to remain involved and present incentives that will improve the level of care delivery. Such initiatives can make it possible for different agencies to identify existing gaps and consider new ways to address them (Pahigiannis et al., 2019). The emerging policies, practices, quality-based practices, and initiatives will eventually ensure that more citizens receive personalized medical services. Selected Initiative for 2000 to 2010 Period Progress The Healthy 2000 strategy was intended to increase people’s quality and length of life and eliminate health disparities. The selected priority area for this discussion was the need to sensitize more people about fitness and the best initiatives to prevent opportunistic and communicable diseases (McGowan et al., 2020). Within the ten-year period, the country managed to reduce the number of infections and incidences for various illnesses, such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and obesity. The relevant agencies also collaborated to address the existing disparities and create superior care delivery models. SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses * The initiative was founded on existing medical challenges and health disparities. * The initiative focused on many areas. * The government was involved to support the introduction of new strategies. * Many people still lacked a detailed understanding on the intended goals. * Many institutions and stakeholders were involved. * Inadequate funds and policies affected the targeted goals. Opportunities Threats * The study report presented new insights for future initiatives. * Some agencies were unsupportive of the initiative. * The emergence of medical technologies could meet the demands of more people (Pahigiannis et al., 2019). * The country lacked adequate policies to support the initiative. * New policies and health improvements could meet future needs. Discussions The period in question reveals that external health initiatives can guide different stakeholders to identify evidence-based practices to meet patients’ needs. The lessons gained from this strategy made it possible for different organizations to transform their care delivery models and prioritize specific areas based on the results of the previous period (Pahigiannis et al., 2019). Future policymakers and leaders relied on the recorded gaps and gains to set the best agenda for the Healthy People 2020 initiative. The decision to pursue such efforts will transform the quality and access of medical services. Conclusion The above discussion has identified external initiatives as powerful strategies for supporting and guiding different agencies to transform their care delivery systems. The emerging insights and efforts can work synergistically to revolutionize care delivery and ensure that more people have access to high-quality services. The involvement of all key stakeholders can eventually ensure that desirable results are recorded. References McGowan, A. K., Kramer, K. T., & Teitelbaum, J. B. (2019). Healthy People: The role of law and policy in the nation’s public health agenda . The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 47 (2), 63-67. Pahigiannis, K., Thompson-Paul, A. M., Barfield, W., Ochiai, E., Loustalot, F., Shero, S., & Hong, Y. (2019). Progress toward improved cardiovascular health in the United States Healthy People 2020 heart disease and stroke objectives . Circulation, 139, 1957–1973.
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Student Behavior Observation Essay The target behavior in this case is being focused on work. It means that the student should not ask questions, make noises, be distracted, or distract others. When the time is up students should put their pencils down at once. It is necessary to note that all the students put their pencils down when they were told to. It is possible to note that only one student (out of five) (he was sitting in the middle of the front row) revealed appropriate behavior during the entire test. It is possible to note that his behavior was 100% appropriate, as he was not distracted by anything. He focused on his work and followed the teacher’s instructions. The boy in the first row (on the right) also exhibited appropriate behavior almost all the time. His proper behavior was interrupted only twice when he was distracted by the noises another boy was making and asked him to stop (04:35) and when he raised his hand to ask a question (08:07). The boy in the front row (on the left) was exhibiting appropriate behavior during the first part of the test. Then, he seemed to be distracted as he drew and he used his eraser with no vivid purpose (04:08, 05:07). Though, this behavior could be explained by the fact that the boy completed the task. He stopped working and he was sitting quietly. Thus, it is possible to note that his behavior was quite appropriate, as he did not do any of the inappropriate actions mentioned above. The boy in the back row (on the left) revealed quite appropriate behavior during the exam except for two occasions. He dropped his pencil unintentionally (03:04) and he had to respond to his neighbor who distracted him (06:34, 06:55). However, it is possible to note that he still revealed quite an appropriate behavior most of the time. The boy in the back row (on the right) revealed an inappropriate behavior as he made noises with his pencil (01:01, 08:34, 14:43), he was humming (02:39, 02:48, 10:28), he made noises with his feet (04:19, 11:09, 11:32), he dropped his pencil (though it could be unintentional) (05:50), he raised his hand to ask a question (06:17, 12:18, 12:34), he distracted another boy by asking questions (06:34, 06:55, 13:00, 13:39). He behaved in an appropriate way for short periods after the teacher’s remarks. It is possible to state that the majority of students revealed appropriate behavior during the entire test. Nonetheless, only one boy exhibited 100% appropriate behavior. The observation was not a very difficult task as it was not very long and there were only five participants. It was quite convenient to observe the students’ behaviors through viewing the video recording, as the observer could go back to some parts of the test. However, this opportunity was not used very often, as there were only five boys. It is noteworthy that the boys’ desks were located in a very convenient way and every student could be seen. At the same time, it was sometimes difficult to mark the behaviors of all the students, as there were times when several boys behaved inappropriately and it was necessary to make notes on those behaviors. It can be difficult to observe behaviors without using technology especially when many participants take part in the test. After conducting a simple frequency measurement, the results are as follows: Student Frequency A student in the first row (on the right) .88 A student in the back row (on the right) 1.1 A student in the middle permanent A student in the back row (on the left) .81 A student in the front row (on the left) .88
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Financial Systems in the Era of Globalization Essay In the period of globalization, the size of the firm and its operation are increasing rapidly and the management and financial system are going to be complicated day by day. That’s why to manage the overall financial activities the finance department must be specialized with the experts in financial areas. Before going to the key point let us see what finance is and what the financial system is. In simple words, finance means a technical and strategic way of managing financial affairs. Some authors define it as the art and science of managing financial activities. Gitman presented this subject as “Finance is concerned with the process. Institutions market and instruments involved in the transfer of money among individuals. Business and governments” (Searcy, and Gitman, 2005). And financial is concerned with collecting. Money investing money setting up business setting up personnel lounges new product estimating and calculating the profit and so on. In a single sentence, it can be said that the design of the overall financial activities of a company is called a financial system. The financial manager who is responsible for managing the finance department actively manages all financial and non-financial activities of his departments. The financial system has to broad areas: 1. Financial service. 2. Managerial finance. Financial service is one of the most important areas of the financial system It focuses on the design and distribution of advice and financial products to individuals businesses and other affiliates. On the other hand, managerial finance focuses on the duties and responsibilities of a financial manager in a business organization. A financial manager has to perform a wide variety of roles in the business firm. First of all, he/she has to design and make a plan in which area they do business how much they spend over there and how much profits they expect from that projects. The financial manager has to extend credit to customers evaluate proposed large expenditures consider and calculate the present and future value of money and raising money to find the firm’s operations. As a result of globalization, business organizations have increased their sales purchase investment raised funds dramatically. This changing situation created the job of financial manager more complicated. They have to manage cash flows considering different currencies. They have to play a vital role to project the firm from different risk which arises from the international transactions. People who are in charge of any activities of who are given responsibility must have better interaction and communication with the finance personnel and procedures to get their jobs done. It can better be explained by explaining the role of the finance department. The size and significance of the finance department depend on the size of the organization. If the size of the business is small then the accounting department is enough to perform the financial activities. But if the firm is a large one then the function is divided into separate departments related to the company president of CEO through the chief financial officer (CEO). In a large firm, the (CEO) Chief Executive officers are generally reported by the treasurer and the controller. Whereas the treasure deals with the activities of handling financial activities like financial planning. Collecting fund. Formulating capital expenditure decisions. Managing cash a credit affairs designing pension funds and handling the foreign currencies. On the other hand, the controller is responsible for the accounting activities including corporate accounting, tax management, financial accounting, and cost accounting. The controller puts his/her eyes in the internal affairs of the company. It has been already mentioned that the present business condition is very complicated and competitive. In this case finance department my rise a couple of employees whose main job is to monitor and manage the firms’ exposure to loss from currency fluctuations. Before setting up them or giving the power the new employee would be trained up properly and they should be well known by the financial investment. Besides this, the financial manager has to take investment decisions and financial decisions. These are showing by the following diagram: With the going business concern, the business firms are setting up a new standard of conduct or moral judgment. Most business leaders believe that strong ethical standards increase their goodwill which ultimately had to strengthen their competitive position. There are some tools that must be considered while making an investment decision. There is the time value of money, cash flows, and rich. IRR (Internal Rate of Return) etc. It has been said that the “Stridden Marks” has become the public limited company through the initial thing (IPO) system. Before entering into the stock market proper valuation is necessary. Valuation is the process that creates a link between risk and returns to determine the worth of an asset. There are three key terms which is used in the valuation process That is: 1. Cash flows, (Return). 2. Timing. 3. Measure of Risk There are three major cash flow components. That is: 1. Initial investment. 2. Operating cash inflows. 3. Terminal valuation. The financial analyst has to pay attention while selecting a project. The finance departments have to rank the project according to their required rate of return and choose the best one which has the most positive internal rate of return among the alternatives. Bibliography Searcy, Cory. Gitman, J. Lawrence. (2005). The Principles of Managerial Finance. 11 ed. Pearson Prentice Hall.
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“Effects of Sex Education on Adolescent Behavior” by Deborah Dawson Essay Sex education refers to the process in a human life where one acquires information and forms, values, attitudes and beliefs about intimacy, identity and relationships. It includes reproductive health, sexual development, affection, relationships amongst people, roles of different genders and body image. It addresses all aspects of life; psychological, spiritual, social and cultural dimensions. The article on “Effects of sex education on adolescent behavior” by Deborah Dawson gives different percentages of adolescents in regard to the type of sex information they receive in United States of America; especially on pregnancy and contraceptives. It is a professional journal on sex education. The main effect of sex education on adolescent behavior is reduced adolescent pregnancies and induced abortions. I like this article because it emphasizes the need to educate the adolescents on sexual issues. The article is an excellent piece of work. I believe sex education impacts greatly on adolescents. Sex education is the tool to ensure the change of attitudes and thoughts amongst teenagers concerning sex, pregnancy and birth control. Sex education helps the participants to gain knowledge on their reproductive health and methods of birth control. Sex education is essential to adolescents. It changes their attitude towards other people’s sexual behavior. It is important to measure the behavioral impacts of sex education. I think the program has great effect on values and attitude of teenagers in regards to sex. Somehow the program could be having no impact on levels of sexual activity amongst teens. All the same, sex education has increased the sense of responsibility among teenagers. There is a positive relationship between use of contraceptives and sex education, which in my view shows responsibility. I believe the levels of sexual activity may remain high, but sex education helps in reducing cases of teenage pregnancy and abortions. The article is an excellent piece of work, but it has a few gaps. The sex education program presented in this case is more of theory than interactive. Students should play active roles, be involved in groups and watch videos for them to see the reality. This will improve its effectiveness. Daniel Wight’s article on “Limits of teacher delivered sex education” highlights some of the challenges which face sex education program in schools. In his study he involves 25 schools in East Scotland with and his main objective was to establish whether sex education delivered in schools or by teachers’ reduced unsafe sexual intercourse among adolescents. I like this article because it offers a comprehensive report on limitations of sex education offered at schools. I adolescents spend most of their time at school, which means that teachers should ac like guardians. Also teachers should be able to deliver sex education effectively. The main aim of sex education in schools is to reduce cases of risky sexual behavior among adolescents. The quality of education they get matters most. Such gaps in delivering of sex education calls for other interventions like SHARE which means; Sexual Health Relationships: Safe, Happy and Responsible. In my opinion I would encourage such a programme to complement the school based curriculum. The program proves to be more effective in improving the quality of sexual relationships, reducing unsafe sexual activities and unwanted pregnancies. Sex education should not be a theoretical class work only, but should take a pro-active view in order to be effective. Effective sex education program includes, working in small groups and games, providing sexual health leaflets, using interactive video and playing of different roles in order to develop skills. Including all these aspects in the program ensures that the program is effective. When the interactive program is put in practice, a considerable change of behavior is noticed. This is an excellent article to close up the gaps occurring in sex education delivered by teachers. It shows how delivering of sex education has changed and the results which come with the changes. Works Cited Dawson, D. (1986). The effects of sex education on adolescent behavior. Family Planning Perspectives , 162-170. Print Wight, D., Raab, G., Henderson, M., Abraham, C., Buston, K., Hart, G. & Scott, S. (2002). Limits of teacher delivered sex education: interim behavioral outcomes from randomized trial. BMJ, 324 7351 , 1430. Print.
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Senior Recreation Programmes Analysis Essay If one is young, exuberant, and full of energy, he/she rarely thinks about the way they are going to live after retirement. Through all their lives people dream of having more time to have some rest and when they get a lot of leisure time at their The thing is that people feel that they lost some meaning in their life as they retire and don’t contribute to the society anymore Moreover, the modern life is so hectic and eventful that people sometimes forget to care about senior people unless it is their grandparents. Fortunately, there exist senior recreation programmes that provide a vast range of activities for senior citizens ranging from various lectures, special events, concerts and the like. This helps senior citizen to live a life full of events that provides a feeling of belonging to them. What’s more important, such programmes not only cater for people with various interests, they sometimes provide medical support and meet other needs. Senior Recreation Programmes make an invaluable contribution into the community. However, alongside their immense help to senior people, it should comply with rules and responsibilities. To effectively lead such programmes a practitioner should have certain skills and competencies. In addition, it should be stressed that, like any job, these programmes entail taking on responsibility. Usually, the main duty of a practitioner is “to organize and direct participants, schedule the use of facilities, keep records of equipment use, and ensure that recreation facilities and equipment are used properly, to lead classes and provide instruction in a recreational activity” (Edginton, Hudson, and School 341). First, a practitioner should follow the main rule of recreation programmes: “to satisfy leisure and social needs of senior adults, to provide an environment where members feel positive self-worth through acceptance by others, belonging, recognition, contribution, and achievement” (Edginton, Hudson, and School 316). A practitioner is the one who provides leadership with senior adults, usually in the groups, and also participates in activities. These activities may include different games, sport activities, dancing, reading, various lectures. Second, a practitioner should be able to manage different aspects of the programmes, such as “fundraising; marketing; financial management; volunteer management; communications and program planning” (Edginton, Hudson, and School 306). Moreover, a practitioner should always be ready to continuous improvement and development. Working in such a specific setting it is necessary to use verbal and non-verbal activities. It is also important to encourage senior people to take part in the activities provided, to stay calm and poise in case of unexpected or unusual reaction, to maintain social interaction within the group. In addition, the duty of a practitioner is to consult with senior adults in his/her group to decide upon this or that kind of activity, i.e. assess the needs and demands, to prevent any unexpected consequences. Besides, a practitioner should clearly establish the rules that should not be complicated and could be easily changed if necessary. A practitioner should provide a number of different activities. It should be stressed that in some activities the level of participants’ abilities may vary, which poses a special challenge (Edginton, Hudson, and School 306). That is why it is important to take into account all the factors of the activities that could hamper their conduct. “In terms of group dynamics and leadership theory, it is important to recognize the need for different leadership styles in different situations” (Edginton, Hudson, and School 307). In some situations it is advised to give the control over certain activity fully to participants. On the other hand, some groups would require practitioner’s full attention to ensure the safety of the participants (Edginton, Hudson, and School 305). In other words, every activity demands the maintenance of the balance of these two extremes, i.e. democratic allocation of roles. However, despite the fact that a practitioner is in charge, it doesn’t mean that he/she should be in the centre of attention in both literal and figurative meaning. As it has already been mentioned, the role of a practitioner is to give senior people a feeling of content with life. On the other hand, standing in the centre of a circle of participants, a practitioner will have to turn his/her back to some people, which is not advisable. It is noteworthy that any practitioner of senior recreation programmes should meet his/her responsibilities. Any practitioner should be able to provide any kind of help required by a senior citizen. Sometimes a hug or a hand shake can perform miracles and improve emotional state of a person. Another duty of a practitioner is to plan, organize, and attract funds for various programmes and activities. Besides, a practitioner should closely stick to moral and ethical norms of behavior as it is very important when working with vulnerable social groups as senior people. “The ethically sensitive recreation services practitioner must become knowledgeable about the client and his or her family situation” (Edginton, Hudson, and School 305). A practitioner should express enthusiasm and positive emotions while performing some activities. In conclusion, I would like to stress that any kind of recreation services play a very important role in the society as they foster and facilitate the improvement of the quality of life of people. Recreation services are time- , money- and effort-consuming activities and require a vast range of skills and competencies on the part of the practitioners. But from my perspective, they are worth all the efforts. Works Cited Edginton, Christopher R., Hudson, Susan D., Scholl, Kathleen G. Leadership for Recreation, Parks, and Leisure Services . Champaign: Sagamore Publishing, 2005.
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