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Death (Discworld) | Mort (Disque-monde) | Death is a fictional character in Terry Pratchett's "Discworld" series and a parody of several other personifications of death. Like most Grim Reapers, he is a black-robed skeleton usually carrying a scythe. His jurisdiction is specifically the Discworld itself; he is only a part, or minion, of Azrael, the universal Death. He has been generally used by Pratchett to explore the problems of human existence, and has become more sympathetic throughout the series. | La Mort est le personnage de l'univers de fiction du Disque-monde de Terry Pratchett le plus récurrent apparaissant dans la quasi-totalité des romans composant les "Annales du Disque Monde". Personnalité anthropomorphique issue des croyances du Disque-monde, il a pour charge de séparer l'âme du corps des individus décédés pour éviter l'accumulation d'énergie vitale. | [
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Turkestan | Turkestan | Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan (), is a historical region in Central Asia between Ural and Siberia to the north; the Gobi Desert to the east; Tibet, Kashmir, Afghanistan, and Iran to the south; and the Caspian Sea to the west. | Le Turkestan (, littéralement le « Pays des Turcs ») est une région d'Asie centrale située entre la mer Caspienne à l'ouest et le désert de Gobi à l'est. Le Pamir et les monts Tian la divisent en Turkestan occidental, à l'ouest, et Turkestan oriental, à l'est. Le premier correspond à l'ancien Turkestan russe et couvre le sud du Kazakhstan, le Kirghizistan, l'Ouzbékistan et le Turkménistan, le second correspond à l'ancien Turkestan chinois et couvre le Xinjiang. Un Turkestan afghan est attesté. | [
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Tenshi Nanka Ja Nai | Je ne suis pas un ange (manga) | An OVA adaptation was produced by Shueisha and Group TAC and directed by Hiroko Tokita, with Tomoko Konparu writing the script, Yasuomi Umetsu designing the characters and Fujio Takano composing the music. The OVA covers the formation of the first student council up to the first holy festival. | Le manga est ensuite adapté en un OAV produit par Group TAC et réalisé par Hiroko Tokita sorti le. | [
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Anorexia (symptom) | Anorexie | Anorexia is a decreased appetite. While the term in non-scientific publications is often used interchangeably with anorexia nervosa, many possible causes exist for a decreased appetite, some of which may be harmless, while others indicate a serious clinical condition or pose a significant risk. | L’anorexie (du grec ancien : /, « manque d'appétit ») est un symptôme qui correspond à une perte de l'appétit. Lorsque la perte d'appétit est partielle, il conviendrait plutôt de parler d'hyporexie. Dans les faits, le terme est très souvent abusivement utilisé pour désigner exclusivement l'anorexie mentale qui est un trouble psychopathologique complexe et spécifique, au cours duquel il n'y a pas de perte de l'appétit mais au contraire une lutte active contre la faim et l'absorption d'aliments. Le terme est également souvent employé lorsque l'individu conserve son appétit mais ne peut pas manger en raison de sensations de type nausée ou de dégoût de la nourriture ; le terme dysphagie semblerait alors approprié mais sa définition médicale est plus restrictive même si l'on parle parfois de dysphagie "capricieuse" en cas d'origine émotionnelle. L'anorexie est fréquemment accompagnée de telles sensations nauséeuses en raison des nombreuses causes communes à ces deux états. L'anorexie n'est pas spécifique à l'être humain, elle est bien connue des vétérinaires et a également été mise en évidence au cours de recherches sur des souris. Aussi l'anorexie peut être provoqué par une pneumopathie. | [
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Daniel Boone | Daniel Boone | Daniel Boone (September 26, 1820) was an American pioneer, explorer, woodsman, and frontiersman whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States. Although he also became a businessman, soldier and politician who represented three different counties in the Virginia General Assembly following the American Revolutionary War, Boone is most famous for his exploration and settlement of what is now Kentucky. Although on the western side of the Appalachian Mountains from most European-American settlements, Kentucky remained part of Virginia until it became a state in 1791. | Daniel Boone, né le à Birdsboro (Pennsylvanie) et mort le à Defiance (Missouri), est un explorateur américain, pionnier de la colonisation de l'Amérique du Nord, dont les exploits sur « la Frontière » firent l'un des héros populaires du folklore des États-Unis. Boone est célèbre pour l'exploration et la colonisation de ce qui est devenu le Kentucky, alors au-delà des limites occidentales des Treize colonies. Cette région appartenait à la France (la grande Louisiane faisait partie de la Nouvelle-France ; mais les français furent abandonnés à la Couronne britannique par la cession de l'Est de la grande Louisiane par le traité de Paris de 1763), et historiquement aux tribus amérindiennes. | [
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Portland, Oregon | Portland (Oregon) | Portland (, ) is the largest and most populous city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is a major port in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers. As of 2019, Portland had an estimated population of 654,741, making it the 26th most populated city in the United States and the second-most populous in the Pacific Northwest after Seattle. Approximately 2.4 million people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area (MSA), making it the 25th most populous in the United States. Its combined statistical area (CSA) ranks 19th-largest with a population of around 3.2 million. Approximately 60% of Oregon's population resides within the Portland metropolitan area. | Portland est la plus grande ville de l'Oregon, État du nord-ouest des États-Unis. Située près du confluent du fleuve Columbia (qui marque la frontière de l'État de Washington) et de la rivière Willamette dans le nord-ouest du pays, elle est la troisième ville la plus peuplée du nord-ouest Pacifique, après Seattle et Vancouver. Elle comptait lors du recensement de 2010, la plus peuplée du pays. Son agglomération comptait, la urbaine du pays. | [
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Rose McGowan | Rose McGowan | Rose Arianna McGowan (born September 5, 1973) is an American actress, activist, author, model, and singer. After her film debut in a brief role in the comedy "Encino Man" (1992), McGowan achieved wider recognition for her performance in Gregg Araki's dark comedy "The Doom Generation" (1995), receiving an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Debut Performance. She had her breakthrough in the horror film "Scream" (1996) and subsequently headlined the films "Going All the Way" (1997), "Devil in the Flesh" (1998), and "Jawbreaker" (1999). | Rose McGowan est une actrice, chanteuse, mannequin, réalisatrice, auteure et une figure du féminisme italo-américaine, née le à Florence, en Italie. | [
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Microwave | Micro-onde | Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from about one meter to one millimeter; with frequencies between and. Different sources define different frequency ranges as microwaves; the above broad definition includes both UHF and EHF (millimeter wave) bands. A more common definition in radio-frequency engineering is the range between 1 and 100 GHz (wavelengths between 0.3 m and 3 mm). In all cases, microwaves include the entire SHF band (3 to 30 GHz, or 10 to 1 cm) at minimum. Frequencies in the microwave range are often referred to by their IEEE radar band designations: S, C, X, K, K, or K band, or by similar NATO or EU designations. | Les micro-ondes sont des rayonnements électromagnétiques de longueur d'onde intermédiaire entre l'infrarouge et les ondes de radiodiffusion. Le terme de micro-onde provient du fait que ces ondes ont une longueur d'onde plus courte que celles de la bande VHF, utilisée par les radars pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. | [
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Quintal | Quintal (unité) | The quintal or centner is a historical unit of mass in many countries which is usually defined as 100 base units, such as pounds or kilograms. It is a traditional unit of weight in France, Portugal, and Spain and their former colonies. It is commonly used for grain prices in wholesale markets in India, where 1 quintal = 100 kg. | Le quintal, dans sa définition la plus récente et la seule encore utilisée, est une unité de masse (symbole : q) qui équivaut à. | [
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Snoopy | Snoopy | Snoopy is a fictional character, the pet beagle of Charlie Brown in the comic strip "Peanuts" by Charles M. Schulz. He can also be found in all of the "Peanuts" movies and television specials. Since his debut on October 4, 1950, Snoopy has become one of the most recognizable and iconic characters in the comic strip and is considered more famous than Charlie Brown in other countries. The original drawings of Snoopy were inspired by Spike, one of Schulz's childhood dogs. | Snoopy est un chien, personnage principal du comic strip "Peanuts", de race beagle. Lui et son maitre Charlie Brown sont les principaux protagonistes de la bande dessinée. Au fur à mesure du comic, son comportement devient « humain » : il se met à marcher sur ses deux pattes, à penser et à philosopher. | [
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Adrian of Canterbury | Adrien de Cantorbéry | Adrian, also spelled Hadrian (born before 637, died 710), was an African scholar in Anglo-Saxon England and the abbot of Saint Peter's and Saint Paul's in Canterbury. He was a noted teacher and commentator of the Bible. Adrian was born between 630 and 637. According to Bede, he was a Berber native of North Africa, and abbot of a monastery near Naples, called Monasterium Niridanum (perhaps a mistake for Nisidanum, as being situated on the island of Nisida). | Adrien de Cantorbéry ou Hadrien de Cantorbéry († ), réformateur de l'Église d'Angleterre. D'origine berbère, né en Afrique du Nord, il devient abbé de l'abbaye de Nérida, monastère bénédictin situé non loin de Naples, alors qu'il est encore très jeune. En 664, à la mort de Deusdedit, archevêque de Cantorbéry, le pape Vitalien le propose comme nouvel archevêque, mais il refuse et suggère à sa place Théodore de Tarse. Vitalien accepte mais demande à Adrien d'accompagner le futur archevêque à son siège épiscopal. | [
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French aircraft carrier Béarn | Béarn (porte-avions) | Béarn was an aircraft carrier converted from an incomplete for the (French Navy) during the 1920s. Entering service in 1928, the French intended to use her to develop tactics and techniques for carrier aviation. The only aircraft carrier France produced until after World War II, the ship played a minor role in the war, training in home waters and conducting pilot training. | Le Béarn est le seul porte-avions en service dans la Marine nationale française jusqu'en 1945 (date d'entrée en service du ). | [
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Nasal vowel | Voyelle nasale | A nasal vowel is a vowel that is produced with a lowering of the soft palate (or velum) so that the air flow escapes through the nose and the mouth simultaneously, as in the French vowel or Amoy []. By contrast, oral vowels are produced without nasalization. In a stricter sense, nasal vowels shall not be confused with nasalised vowels. | Les voyelles nasales sont des voyelles dont la production est accompagnée du passage de l'air dans les fosses nasales grâce à l'abaissement du voile du palais ("velum"). Le flux d'air continue en même temps de passer par la bouche. Par opposition, une voyelle lors de la production de laquelle l'air passe uniquement par la bouche est dite orale. Le processus permettant de passer d'une voyelle orale (normale) à une voyelle nasale est la nasalisation. | [
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Gabriel | Gabriel (archange) | Gabriel (;,,,, Arabic: جبريل, "Jibrīl" or جبرائيل "Jibrāʾīl", Amharic: ገብርኤል), in the Abrahamic religions, is an archangel. He was first described in the Hebrew Bible and was subsequently adopted by other traditions. In the Hebrew Bible, Gabriel appears to the prophet Daniel to explain his visions (Daniel 8:15–26, 9:21–27). The archangel appears in such other ancient Jewish writings as the Book of Enoch. Alongside archangel Michael, Gabriel is described as the guardian angel of Israel, defending this people against the angels of the other nations. | Gabriel (de l'hébreu : [ġabrīēl]) est un personnage du "Livre de Daniel" qui fait partie de la Bible hébraïque et du Nouveau Testament, et apparaît sous le nom de Jibril (arabe : جِبْرِيل [jibrīl]) dans le Coran. Il s'agit d'un archange, considéré comme un messager de Dieu. | [
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Jordan River | Jourdain | The Jordan River or River Jordan (, "Nahr al-Urdunn",, "Nahar ha-Yarden"; ), also known as "Nahr Al Sharieat" (), is a river in the Middle East that flows roughly north to south through the Sea of Galilee (Hebrew: כנרת Kinneret, Arabic: Bohayrat Tabaraya, meaning Lake of Tiberias) and on to the Dead Sea. Jordan and the Golan Heights border the river to the east, while the West Bank and Israel lie to its west. Both Jordan and the West Bank take their names from the river. | Le Jourdain (en hébreu ירד Yarad, mais aussi נהר הירדן, "Nehar haYarden" qui veut dire la « Rivière de la Peine, du Jugement » et en arabe نهر الأردن Nahr al-Urdun qui veut dire "descendre") est un fleuve du Moyen-Orient, qui a donné son nom à la Jordanie (Transjordanie), à la Cisjordanie et à la ville de L'Isle-Jourdain en France. Du mont Hermon à la mer Morte, le Jourdain s'écoule sur et sa vallée est la plus basse du monde puisqu'il rejoint la mer Morte à l'altitude de sous le niveau des océans. | [
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Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula | Cathédrale Saints-Michel-et-Gudule de Bruxelles | The Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula (, ) is a medieval Roman Catholic church in central Brussels, Belgium. It is consecrated to St. Michael and St. Gudula, the patron saints of the City of Brussels, and is considered to be one of the finest examples of Brabantine Gothic architecture. | La cathédrale Saints-Michel-et-Gudule (en néerlandais : Kathedraal van Sint-Michiel en Sint-Goedele), située à Bruxelles en Belgique, est la cocathédrale de l'archidiocèse catholique de Malines-Bruxelles. | [
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Os Lusíadas | Les Lusiades | Os Lusíadas (), usually translated as The Lusiads, is a Portuguese epic poem written by Luís Vaz de Camões ( – 1580) and first published in 1572. It is widely regarded as the most important work of Portuguese literature and is frequently compared to Virgil's "Aeneid" (1st c. BC). The work celebrates the discovery of a sea route to India by the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama (1469–1524). The ten cantos of the poem are in ottava rima and total 1,102 stanzas. | Les Lusiades ("Os Lusíadas" en version originale portugaise) est un poème épique de Luís de Camões, probablement achevé en 1556 mais publié en 1572, trois ans après son retour des Indes. | [
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Scrooge McDuck | Balthazar Picsou | Scrooge McDuck is a fictional character created in 1947 by Carl Barks for The Walt Disney Company, appearing in Disney comics. Scrooge is an elderly Scottish anthropomorphic Pekin duck with a yellow-orange bill, legs, and feet. He typically wears a red or blue frock coat, top hat, pince-nez glasses, and spats. He is portrayed in animations as speaking with a Scottish accent. Originally intended to be used only once, Scrooge became one of the most popular characters in Disney comics, and Barks' signature work. | Balthazar Picsou ("Scrooge McDuck" en version originale) est un personnage de fiction de l'univers des canards des studios Disney créé en 1947 par le scénariste-dessinateur Carl Barks. Oncle maternel de Donald Duck, d'où son surnom d'« Oncle Picsou » (« " » en anglais), ce « canard le plus riche du monde » est réputé pour son avarice et son côté aventurier. | [
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William of Malmesbury | Guillaume de Malmesbury | William of Malmesbury (; ) was the foremost English historian of the 12th century. He has been ranked among the most talented English historians since Bede. Modern historian C. Warren Hollister described him as "a gifted historical scholar and an omnivorous reader, impressively well versed in the literature of classical, patristic, and earlier medieval times as well as in the writings of his own contemporaries. Indeed William may well have been the most learned man in twelfth-century Western Europe." | Guillaume de Malmesbury (vers 1090/1095 – vers 1143) est un moine bénédictin de l'abbaye de Malmesbury (dans le Wiltshire en Angleterre), homme de lettres, chroniqueur et historien anglo-normand. Il est parfois aussi nommé "William Somerset" en anglais, car il serait né dans ce comté. | [
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Philolaus | Philolaos de Crotone | Philolaus (;, "Philólaos"; ) was a Greek Pythagorean and pre-Socratic philosopher. He argued that at the foundation of everything is the part played by the limiting and limitless, which combine together in a harmony. He is also credited with originating the theory that the Earth was not the center of the Universe. According to August Böckh (1819), who cites Nicomachus, Philolaus was the successor of Pythagoras. | Philolaos (en grec /, latinisé en "Philolaus" (né vers 470 et mort vers 390 av. J.-C.) est un philosophe, astronome et mathématicien grec du, et l'une des figures de la tradition pythagoricienne, avec Pythagore lui-même, et Archytas de Tarente. Sa conception de la structure du cosmos et ses considérations sur le rôle du nombre dans l'intelligibilité du monde constituent un apport original non moins que déterminant pour la philosophie de Platon et d'Aristote. | [
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Dead Sea | Mer Morte | The Dead Sea ( lit. Sea of Salt; or Buhayrat, Bahret or Birket Lut, "lit." "Lake/Sea of Lot") is a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and the West Bank to the west. It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley, and its main tributary is the Jordan River. | La mer Morte (, "", « mer de Sel » ; ou "Bahr-Lût" « mer de Loth ») est un lac salé du Proche-Orient partagé entre Israël, la Jordanie et la Cisjordanie. | [
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Last Supper | Cène | The Last Supper is the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus shared with his apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. The Last Supper is commemorated by Christians especially on Maundy Thursday. The Last Supper provides the scriptural basis for the Eucharist, also known as "Holy Communion" or "The Lord's Supper". | La Cène (terme issu du latin "", « repas du soir, dîner ») est le nom donné dans la religion chrétienne au dernier repas que Jésus-Christ prit avec les douze apôtres le soir du Jeudi saint, avant la Pâque juive, peu de temps avant son arrestation, la veille de sa crucifixion, et trois jours avant sa résurrection. Après avoir célébré avec eux la Pâque, il institua l'Eucharistie — selon trois des quatre évangiles canoniques — en disant : « Ceci est mon corps, ceci est mon sang ». | [
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Blackpool | Blackpool | Blackpool is a large town and seaside resort on the Lancashire coast in North West England. The town is on the Irish Sea, between the Ribble and Wyre estuaries, northwest of Preston, north of Liverpool, northwest of Bolton and northwest of Manchester. It had an estimated population of 139,720 at the 2011 Census, making it the most populous town in Lancashire. | Blackpool est une ville côtière du nord-ouest de l'Angleterre ayant le statut d'autorité unitaire. Sa population est de 139 700 habitants. | [
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Boutros Boutros-Ghali | Boutros Boutros-Ghali | Boutros Boutros-Ghali (;, "", ; 14 November 1922 – 16 February 2016) was an Egyptian politician and diplomat who was the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) from January 1992 to December 1996. An academic and former Vice Foreign Minister of Egypt, Boutros-Ghali oversaw the UN over a period coinciding with several world crises, including the breakup of Yugoslavia and the Rwandan genocide. He was then the first Secretary-General of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie from 16 November 1997 to 31 December 2002. | Boutros Boutros-Ghali ( ; copte : Ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ Ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ-Ⲅⲁⲗⲓ), né le au Caire et mort le dans la même ville, est un universitaire, juriste, politologue, homme d'État et diplomate égyptien. | [
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Magdala | Magdala (Israël) | Magdala (Aramaic: מגדלא, "Magdala", meaning "tower"; Hebrew: מגדל, "Migdal"; Arabic: المجدل, "al-Majdal") was an ancient city on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, north of Tiberias. In the Babylonian Talmud it is known as Magdala Nunayya (Aramaic: מגדלא נוניה, meaning "Tower of the Fishes"), and which some historical geographers think may refer to Tarichaea, literally the place of processing fish. It is believed to be the birthplace of Mary Magdalene. Until the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, a small Palestinian Arab village, al-Majdal, stood at the site of ancient Magdala, while nowadays the modern Israeli municipality of Migdal extends to the area. | Magdala est le nom d ́une ancienne ville de Galilée citée dans le Talmud, sous les noms hébreux "Migdal Zab'ayya" ou " Migdal Nunia". La tradition chrétienne associe à cette ville le personnage de Marie la magdaléenne ("Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνή"). Celle-ci est souvent appelée Marie de Magdala, car dit-on, elle serait de cette ville. Toutefois, la nature du lien de Marie avec la ville de Magdala n'est pas claire. Jusqu'au les sources parlent d'une ville appelée "Tarichae" et il n'est pas établi que cette ville ait été appelée Magdala auparavant. | [
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Mary of Bethany | Marie de Béthanie | Mary of Bethany (Judeo-Aramaic מרים, "Maryām", rendered Μαρία, Maria, in the Koine Greek of the New Testament; form of Hebrew, Miryām, or Miriam, "wished for child", "bitter" or "rebellious") is a biblical figure described in the Gospels of John and Luke in the Christian New Testament. Together with her siblings Lazarus and Martha, she is described by John as living in the village of Bethany near Jerusalem; in Luke only the two sisters, living in an unnamed village, are mentioned. Most Christian commentators have been ready to assume that the two sets of sisters named as Mary and Martha are the same, though this is not conclusively stated in the Gospels, and the proliferation of New Testament "Marys" is notorious. | Marie de Béthanie (en latin : Maria) est, selon le Nouveau Testament, une femme disciple de Jésus-Christ. Sœur de Lazare et de Marthe, elle vit avec eux dans le village de Béthanie près de Jérusalem. | [
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Seattle | Seattle | Seattle ( ) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. According to U.S. Census data released in 2019, the Seattle metropolitan area's population stands at 3.98 million, and ranks as the 15th-largest in the United States. In July 2013, it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States and remained in the top 5 in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%. In July 2016, Seattle was again the fastest-growing major U.S. city, with a 3.1% annual growth rate. Seattle is the northernmost large city in the United States. | Seattle ( ; ) est la plus grande ville de l'État de Washington et du Nord-Ouest des États-Unis. Elle est située entre le Puget Sound et le lac Washington, à environ au sud de la frontière entre le Canada et les États-Unis. Elle est le siège du comté de King. | [
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Lightning rod | Paratonnerre | A lightning rod (US, AUS) or lightning conductor (UK) is a metal rod mounted on a structure and intended to protect the structure from a lightning strike. If lightning hits the structure, it will preferentially strike the rod and be conducted to ground through a wire, instead of passing through the structure, where it could start a fire or cause electrocution. Lightning rods are also called finials, air terminals, or strike termination devices. | Le paratonnerre est un dispositif qui, selon l'histoire officielle, est inventé le par Benjamin Franklin à Philadelphie. Il est conçu afin d'. Depuis, ces notions portent le nom d'effet de pointe en électrostatique et de cage de Faraday. Pour établir une protection contre la foudre, il faut construire une cage de Faraday enveloppant l'édifice à protéger. | [
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Theodoric the Great | Théodoric le Grand | Theodoric the Great (454 – 30 August 526), also spelled Theoderic or called Theodoric the Amal (;,, ""), was king of the Ostrogoths (471–526), and ruler of the independent Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy between 493–526, regent of the Visigoths (511–526), and a patrician of the East Roman Empire. As ruler of the combined Gothic realms, Theodoric controlled an empire stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Adriatic Sea. | Théodoric dit le Grand ou l'Amale (en latin : ', en grec : ', parfois en français Thierry), né vers 455 et mort le à Ravenne, est un roi des Ostrogoths. | [
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Documentary hypothesis | Hypothèse documentaire | The documentary hypothesis (DH) is one of the models historically used by biblical scholars to explain the origins and composition of the Torah (or Pentateuch, the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy). More recent models include the supplementary hypothesis and the fragmentary hypothesis. All agree that the Torah is not a unified work from a single author, but is made up of sources combined over many centuries by many hands. These models differ on the nature of these sources and how they were combined. | L’hypothèse documentaire est une théorie aujourd'hui abandonnée qui affirme que les cinq premiers livres de l'Ancien Testament, formant le Pentateuque ou Torah, ont pour origine quatre sources différentes : le document jahviste, le document élohiste, le document deutéronomiste et le document sacerdotal. Cette hypothèse a été systématisée au par les biblistes allemands Charles-Henri Graf (1815-1869) et Julius Wellhausen (1844-1918), dont les conclusions sont connues sous le nom de « système de Graf-Wellhausen ». | [
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Mary Magdalene | Marie de Magdala | Mary Magdalene, sometimes called simply the Magdalene or the Madeleine, was a Jewish woman who, according to the four canonical gospels, traveled with Jesus as one of his followers and was a witness to his crucifixion, burial, and resurrection. She is mentioned by name twelve times in the canonical gospels, more than most of the apostles and more than any other non-family woman in the Gospels. Mary's epithet "Magdalene" may mean that she came from the town of Magdala, a fishing town on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. | Marie de Magdala, Marie Madeleine ou Madeleine, appelée Marie la Magdaléenne ("Μαρία ἡ Μαγδαληνή") dans les Évangiles, est une disciple de Jésus qui le suit jusqu'à ses derniers jours, assiste à sa Résurrection et qui a donné naissance à une importante figure du christianisme. Elle est citée au moins douze fois dans les quatre évangiles canoniques, plus que la plupart des apôtres. L'Évangile selon Jean, écrit au plus tôt vers 80, en fait la première personne à avoir vu Jésus après sa Résurrection, chargée d'avertir les apôtres. Ce motif est repris dans une fin ajoutée au à l'Évangile selon Marc. | [
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Robert Altman | Robert Altman | Robert Bernard Altman (; February 20, 1925 – November 20, 2006) was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. Altman is known as five-time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director and an enduring figure from the New Hollywood era with such directors as Martin Scorsese, Woody Allen, Sidney Lumet, and David Lynch. Altman was considered a "maverick" in making films with a highly naturalistic but stylized and satirical aesthetic, unlike most Hollywood films. He is consistently ranked as one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers in American cinema. | Robert Altman, né le à Kansas City dans le Missouri et mort le au Cedars Sinai Medical Center (comté de Los Angeles), est un réalisateur, producteur et scénariste américain connu pour son style à la fois naturaliste et esthétique. En 2006, l'Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences lui a décerné un Oscar d'honneur. | [
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Strabo | Strabon | Strabo (; "Strábōn"; 64 or 63 BC AD 24) was a Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. | Strabon (en /, « qui louche », en latin "Strabo") est un géographe et historien grec né à Amasée dans le Pont (actuelle Amasya en Turquie) autour de 60 av. J.-C. et mort autour de 20 ap. J.-C. | [
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Logogram | Logogramme | In a written language, a logogram or logograph is a written character that represents a word or phrase. Chinese characters (including Chinese hanzi, Japanese kanji, Korean hanja, and Vietnamese Hán tự) are logograms, as are some Egyptian hieroglyphs and some graphemes in cuneiform script. The use of logograms in writing is called "logography", and a writing system that is based on logograms is called a "logographic system". | Un logogramme (du grec ancien, « parole », ici « mot », et, « caractère, lettre ») est un unique graphème notant un lemme (mot) entier et non seulement une partie de ses phonèmes. Dans la majorité des cas, rien n'indique, dans un logogramme, comment il doit être prononcé (le "signifiant" en linguistique). En d'autres termes, c'est la plus petite unité significative du langage comme signe unique écrit qui représente un mot complet, indépendamment de la langue. | [
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Danaë | Danaé | The 1968 Summer Olympics (Spanish: "Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968"), officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City, Mexico, from October 12 to the 27th. | Dans la mythologie grecque, Danaé (en grec ancien ), fille d'Acrisios (roi d'Argos) et d'Eurydice (fille de Lacédémon), est la mère de Persée. | [
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Saint Timothy | Timothée de Lystre | Timothy (Greek: ; "Timótheos", meaning "honouring God" or "honoured by God") was an early Christian evangelist and the first Christian bishop of Ephesus, who tradition relates died around the year AD 97. | Saint Timothée est un disciple, compagnon de voyage et proche confident de Paul de Tarse qui l'aurait institué évêque d'Éphèse. Rien n’est connu de lui hors des sources néo-testamentaires. | [
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John Nelson Darby | John Nelson Darby | John Nelson Darby (18 November 1800 – 29 April 1882) was an Anglo-Irish Bible teacher, one of the influential figures among the original Plymouth Brethren and the founder of the Exclusive Brethren. He is considered to be the father of modern Dispensationalism and Futurism. Pre-tribulation rapture theology was popularized extensively in the 1830s by John Nelson Darby and the Plymouth Brethren, and further popularized in the United States in the early 20th century by the wide circulation of the Scofield Reference Bible. | John Nelson Darby (né le et mort le ) était un prédicateur protestant du mouvement des Assemblées de Frères et le fondateur du mouvement des frères « étroits » (Exclusive Brethren), ainsi qu'un traducteur en plusieurs langues de la Bible. | [
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Oliver Stone | Oliver Stone | William Oliver Stone (born September 15, 1946) is an American film director, producer, and writer. Stone won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay as writer of "Midnight Express" (1978), and wrote the gangster movie "Scarface" (1983). Stone achieved prominence as writer and director of the war drama "Platoon" (1986), which won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture. "Platoon" was the first in a trilogy of films based on the Vietnam War, in which Stone served as an infantry soldier. He continued the series with "Born on the Fourth of July" (1989)—for which Stone won his second Best Director Oscar—and "Heaven & Earth" (1993). Stone's other works include the Salvadoran Civil War-based drama "Salvador" (1986); the financial drama "Wall Street" (1987) and its sequel "" (2010); the Jim Morrison biographical film "The Doors" (1991); the satirical black comedy crime film "Natural Born Killers" (1994); a trilogy of films based on the American Presidency: "JFK" (1991), "Nixon" (1995), and "W." (2008); and "Snowden" (2016). | William Oliver Stone, appelé Oliver Stone, né le à Manhattan, à New York, est un réalisateur, scénariste, documentariste, producteur de cinéma et acteur américain. | [
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Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia | Jacques-Henri de Bourbon | Infante Jaime of Spain, Duke of Segovia, Duke of Anjou, ("Jaime Leopoldo Isabelino Enrique Alejandro Alberto Alfonso Víctor Acacio Pedro Pablo María de Borbón y Battenberg") (23 June 1908 – 20 March 1975), was the second son of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and his wife Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg. He was born in the Royal Palace of La Granja de San Ildefonso in Segovia Province, and was consequently granted the non-substantive title of "Duke of Segovia", courtesy he held along with "Duke of Anjou" as the Legitimist pretender to the French throne. Jaime was a great-grandchild of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. | Jacques Léopold Isabelin Henri Alexandre Albert Alphonse Victor Acace Pierre Paul Marie de Bourbon, né au palais royal de la Granja de San Ildefonso, dans la province de Ségovie en Espagne, le, et mort à l’hôpital cantonal de Saint-Gall en Suisse, le est un infant d'Espagne, titré duc d'Anjou et duc de Ségovie. Il fut prétendant légitimiste au trône de France de 1941 à 1975, d'abord sous le nom de Jacques II, puis à partir de 1957 sous le nom d’Henri VI, et prétendant alphonsiste et carliste au trône d’Espagne sous le nom de Jacques IV. | [
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OS/360 and successors | OS/360 | OS/360, officially known as IBM System/360 Operating System, is a discontinued batch processing operating system developed by IBM for their then-new System/360 mainframe computer, announced in 1964; it was heavily influenced by the earlier IBSYS/IBJOB and Input/Output Control System (IOCS) packages. It was one of the earliest operating systems to require the computer hardware to include at least one direct access storage device. | OS/360 était un système d'exploitation développé par IBM pour leur nouvelle série d'ordinateurs System/360, annoncée en 1964. Mis au point sous la direction de Frederick Brooks, OS/360 a été parmi les premiers systèmes d'exploitation à nécessiter l'usage d'unités de disques durs pour son fonctionnement. | [
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War of the Pacific | Guerre du Pacifique (1879-1884) | The War of the Pacific (), also known as the Saltpeter War () and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance. It lasted from 1879 to 1884, and was fought over Chilean claims on coastal Bolivian territory in the Atacama Desert. The war ended with victory for Chile, which gained a significant amount of resource-rich territory from Peru and Bolivia. Chile's army took Bolivia's nitrate-rich coastal region and Peru was defeated by Chile's navy. | La guerre du Pacifique ("Guerra del Pacífico", aussi appelée "Guerra del Salitre" : « guerre du salpêtre » ou « guerre du nitrate ») est un conflit armé qui opposa le Chili au Pérou et à la Bolivie entre 1879 et 1884. Cette guerre fit perdre à la Bolivie son département du Littoral, qui était son unique accès à la mer. Le Pérou perdit la région de Tarapacá. Depuis la fin de cette guerre, ces deux régions font partie du territoire chilien. | [
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Alaric I | Alaric Ier | Alaric I (;, "ruler of all"; ; 370 (or 375)410 AD) was the first king of the Visigoths from 395–410. He ruled the tribe that came to occupy Moesia – territory acquired a couple of decades earlier by a combined force of Goths and Alans in the wake of the dramatic Battle of Adrianople. | Alaric (en gotique, Alareiks𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃), né vers 370 à Pteros (en Dobrogée, dans l'actuelle Roumanie), mort en 410 en Italie, est un aristocrate wisigoth, roi des Wisigoths de 395 à 410. Il est particulièrement connu, en raison de la prise et du pillage d'Athènes en 396, puis de Rome en 410. | [
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Joseph of Arimathea | Joseph d'Arimathie | Joseph of Arimathea was, according to all four canonical gospels, the man who assumed responsibility for the burial of Jesus after his crucifixion. Because there is no historical location of "Arimathaia", scholars propose ""Arimathaia is probably an invented word, meaning 'Best Doctrine Town'."" A number of stories that developed during the Middle Ages connect him with Glastonbury, England, and also with the Holy Grail legend. | Joseph d'Arimathie (ou d'Arimathée selon les traductions) est un personnage du Nouveau Testament qui est introduit par les auteurs des quatre évangiles, dans la péricope de la mise au tombeau, comme un notable juif, membre du Sanhédrin, qui procède à la descente de croix et à l'inhumation de Jésus. L'historicité de Joseph d'Arimathie reste largement inaccessible, le personnage ayant peut-être été introduit dans les récits canoniques dans une visée apologétique pour les chrétiens afin de justifier la découverte du tombeau vide et. | [
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Jazz fusion | Jazz fusion | Jazz fusion (also known as fusion) is a music genre that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined jazz harmony and improvisation with rock music, funk, and rhythm and blues. Electric guitars, amplifiers, and keyboards that were popular in rock and roll started to be used by jazz musicians, particularly those who had grown up listening to rock and roll. | Le jazz fusion, est un courant musical lancé vers 1970, mêlant des éléments extraits du jazz avec d'autres courants musicaux comme le rock et le funk. Le jazz-rock a permis d'élargir considérablement le public du jazz, qui s'était beaucoup réduit avec le free jazz, et a généré de nombreux succès commerciaux. Le mouvement est surtout marqué, entre autres, par Miles Davis, John McLaughlin, Stanley Clarke, Herbie Hancock et les groupes Weather Report, Mahavishnu Orchestra, Return To Forever. À la fin des années 1960, certains musiciens de jazz, emmenés par Miles Davis (', 1969, suivi de ', 1970), expérimentent le mélange des formes et des techniques d'improvisation du jazz avec les instruments électriques du rock ainsi que les rythmes de la musique soul et du rhythm and blues. Parallèlement, quelques artistes issus du rock commencent à intégrer des éléments venus du jazz à leur musique ; Frank Zappa fut un pionnier avec son album " de 1969. C'est au cours des années 1970 que la fusion connaît son heure de gloire mais le style continue à évoluer. Plutôt qu'un style musical clairement codifié, le jazz fusion peut être considéré sous l'angle d'une tradition ou d'une approche particulière de la musique. Une partie du rock progressif est également classée sous l'appellation de fusion; l'ex bassiste de King Crimson John Wetton avec son groupe UK et le groupe Brand X ayant comme batteur Phil Collins de Genesis en sont les exemples. | [
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Saint Joseph | Joseph (Nouveau Testament) | Joseph (; ) is a figure in the canonical gospels who was married to Mary, Jesus' mother, and was Jesus' legal father. Perspectives on Joseph as a historical figure are distinguished by some persons from a theological reading of the Gospel texts. | Joseph ( en hébreu ; en grec) est un personnage juif qui apparaît pour la première fois dans l'Évangile selon Matthieu et dans l'Évangile selon Luc : il s'agit de passages sans doute ajoutés ultérieurement et appelés les évangiles de l'enfance de Jésus ( et ). Joseph apparaît aussi dans un texte plus tardif, le Protévangile de Jacques, composé au milieu du ; cette version est incompatible par certains aspects avec celle des évangiles canoniques. | [
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Condor Legion | Légion Condor | The Condor Legion () was a unit composed of military personnel from the air force and army of Nazi Germany, which served with the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War of July 1936 to March 1939. The Condor Legion developed methods of strategic bombing which were used widely in the Second World War shortly afterwards. The bombing of Guernica was the most infamous operation carried out by the Condor Legion. Hugo Sperrle commanded the unit's aircraft formations and Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma commanded the ground element. | La légion Condor est une force aérienne formée de volontaires à partir d'effectifs de l’Armée de l'air de l'Allemagne nazie, qui a combattu en Espagne aux côtés des nationalistes durant la guerre civile, entre et. | [
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Maule Region | Région du Maule | The Maule Region (, ) is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. Its capital is Talca. The region derives its name from the Maule River which, running westward from the Andes, bisects the region and spans a basin of about 20,600 km. The Maule river is of considerable historic interest because, among other reasons, it marked the southern limits of the Inca Empire. | La région du Maule, située dans le centre géographique du Chili, est un centre agricole, vinicole, forestier, économique, et de services. Il tient son nom du fleuve du même nom. Le chef-lieu de la région est Talca. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Biobío Region | Région du Biobío | The Biobío Region ( ), is one of Chile's sixteen regions (first-order administrative divisions). With a population of 1.5 million, thus being the third most populated region in Chile, it is divided into three provinces: Arauco, Biobío and Concepción. The latter contains its capital and largest city, Concepción, a major city and metro area in the country. Los Ángeles, capital of the Biobío Province, is another important city in the region. | La région du Biobío au Chili est entourée au nord par la région du Ñuble, à l'est par l'Argentine au sud par la région d'Araucanie et à l'ouest par l'océan Pacifique. | [
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Nicolas Cage | Nicolas Cage | Nicolas Kim Coppola (born January 7, 1964), known professionally as Nicolas Cage, is an American actor and filmmaker. Cage has been nominated for numerous major cinematic awards, and won an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, and Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance in "Leaving Las Vegas" (1995). | Nicolas Cage est un acteur, réalisateur et producteur de cinéma américain né le à Long Beach en Californie. Révélé avec "Birdy" d'Alan Parker (1985) et par les films d'auteur "Arizona Junior" de Joel et Ethan Coen, "Sailor et Lula" de David Lynch et "Leaving Las Vegas" de Mike Figgis (qui lui a valu l'Oscar du meilleur acteur), il enchaîne avec des films d'action comme "Rock", "Volte-face" et "60 secondes chrono". | [
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Orion Nebula | Nébuleuse d'Orion | The Orion Nebula (also known as Messier 42, M42, or NGC 1976) is a diffuse nebula situated in the Milky Way, being south of Orion's Belt in the constellation of Orion. It is one of the brightest nebulae, and is visible to the naked eye in the night sky. M42 is located at a distance of and is the closest region of massive star formation to Earth. The M42 nebula is estimated to be 24 light years across. It has a mass of about 2,000 times that of the Sun. Older texts frequently refer to the Orion Nebula as the Great Nebula in Orion or the Great Orion Nebula. | La nébuleuse d'Orion, également connue sous le matricule de M42 ou NGC 1976, est un nuage diffus qui brille en émission et en réflexion au cœur de la constellation du même nom. C'est la nébuleuse la plus intense visible à l'œil nu depuis l'hémisphère nord, de nuit et en l'absence de pollution lumineuse. Elle peut être facilement aperçue avec des jumelles. Sa structure occupe un pan de ciel de 66 × 60 minutes d'arc, quatre fois plus étendu que la pleine lune. Sa taille est d'environ 24 années-lumière. Cet objet correspond à la principale partie d'un nuage de gaz et de poussières beaucoup plus vaste encore, le "nuage d'Orion", qui s'étend sur près de la moitié de la constellation et contient en plus la boucle de Barnard et la nébuleuse de la Tête de Cheval. En 2007, les nouvelles mesures disponibles, grâce notamment aux grands radiotélescopes intercontinentaux, Very Long Baseline Array, ont permis de ramener la distance de la nébuleuse de années-lumière, comme on le croyait jusque-là, à environ années-lumière de la Terre. Soit un rapprochement virtuel d'environ 10 %. La nébuleuse d'Orion contient un amas ouvert renfermant de nombreuses étoiles très jeunes et très chaudes (théta, le Trapèze), nées récemment et dont le rayonnement ionise à présent l'hydrogène environnant. | [
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Halicarnassus | Halicarnasse | Halicarnassus (; "Halikarnāssós" or "Alikarnāssós"; ; Carian: 𐊠𐊣𐊫𐊰 𐊴𐊠𐊥𐊵𐊫𐊰 "alos k̂arnos") was an ancient Greek city at what is now Bodrum in Turkey. It was located in southwest Caria on a picturesque, advantageous site on the Ceramic Gulf. The city was famous for the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, also known simply as the Tomb of Mausolus, whose name provided the origin of the word "mausoleum". The mausoleum, built from 353 to 350 BC, ranked as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. | Halicarnasse (en grec ancien / ) est une ancienne ville d'Anatolie sur la mer Égée, dans l'ancienne province de Carie, actuellement sous le nom de Bodrum, au sud-ouest de la Turquie. | [
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George Stephenson | George Stephenson | George Stephenson (9 June 1781 – 12 August 1848) was a British civil engineer and mechanical engineer. Renowned as the "Father of Railways", Stephenson was considered by the Victorians a great example of diligent application and thirst for improvement. Self-help advocate Samuel Smiles particularly praised his achievements. His chosen rail gauge, sometimes called 'Stephenson gauge', was the basis for the standard gauge used by most of the world's railways. | George Stephenson, né le à Wylam (dans le Northumberland en Angleterre) et mort le à (Chesterfield), est un ingénieur britannique. Il fait partie des « "pères fondateurs" » du chemin de fer à vapeur. | [
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Crown of Aragon | Couronne d'Aragon | The Crown of Aragon (; ; ; ) was a composite monarchy, also nowadays referred to as a confederation of individual polities or kingdoms ruled by one king, with a personal and dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona. At the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy controlling a large portion of present-day eastern Spain, parts of what is now southern France, and a Mediterranean "empire" which included the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta, Southern Italy (from 1442) and parts of Greece (until 1388). The component realms of the Crown were not united politically except at the level of the king, who ruled over each autonomous polity according to its own laws, raising funds under each tax structure, dealing separately with each "Corts" or "Cortes". Put in contemporary terms, it has sometimes been considered that the different lands of the Crown of Aragon (mainly the Kingdom of Aragon, the Principality of Catalonia and the Kingdom of Valencia) functioned more as a confederation than as a single kingdom. In this sense, the larger Crown of Aragon must not be confused with one of its constituent parts, the Kingdom of Aragon, from which it takes its name. | La couronne d'Aragon est une union dynastique qui a réuni de nombreux royaumes méditerranéens au Moyen Âge et à l'époque moderne. On date généralement sa naissance de l'union du royaume d'Aragon et du comté de Barcelone par le mariage de Pétronille d'Aragon et de Raimond-Bérenger IV de Barcelone en 1137. Après deux siècles d'union avec la couronne de Castille, elle disparaît en 1716 avec les décrets de Nueva Planta au profit du royaume de Castille. Elle constituait une confédération de royaumes réputés indépendants, disposant chacun de ses propres lois et institutions sous la domination d'un prince unique, titré roi d'Aragon et de Sicile. | [
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Sisyphus | Sisyphe | In Greek mythology Sisyphus or Sisyphos (; Ancient Greek: Σίσυφος "Sísuphos") was the king of Ephyra (now known as Corinth). He was punished for his self-aggrandizing craftiness and deceitfulness by being forced to roll an immense boulder up a hill only for it to roll down every time it neared the top, repeating this action for eternity. Through the classical influence on modern culture, tasks that are both laborious and futile are therefore described as Sisyphean (). | Dans la mythologie grecque, Sisyphe (en grec ancien ), fils d'Éole (le fils d'Hellen) et d'Énarété, est le fondateur mythique de Corinthe. Certains textes de l'Antiquité le nomment ""Sesephos"". | [
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Porphyria | Porphyrie | Porphyria is a group of diseases in which substances called porphyrins build up, negatively affecting the skin or nervous system. The types that affect the nervous system are also known as acute porphyria, as symptoms are rapid in onset and last a short time. Symptoms of an attack include abdominal pain, chest pain, vomiting, confusion, constipation, fever, high blood pressure, and high heart rate. The attacks usually last for days to weeks. Complications may include paralysis, low blood sodium levels, and seizures. Attacks may be triggered by alcohol, smoking, hormonal changes, fasting, stress, or certain medications. If the skin is affected, blisters or itching may occur with sunlight exposure. Most types of porphyria are inherited from one or both of a person's parents, and are due to a mutation in one of the genes that make heme. They may be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked dominant manner. One type, porphyria cutanea tarda, may also be due to increased iron in the liver, hepatitis C, alcohol, or HIV/AIDS. The underlying mechanism results in a decrease in the amount of heme produced and a build-up of substances involved in making heme. Porphyrias may also be classified by whether the liver or the bone marrow is affected. Diagnosis is typically made by blood, urine, and stool tests. Genetic testing may be done to determine the specific mutation. Treatment depends on the type of porphyria and a person's symptoms. The treatment of porphyria of the skin generally involves the avoidance of sunlight. The treatment for acute porphyria may involve giving intravenous heme or a glucose solution. Rarely, a liver transplant may be carried out. The precise frequency of porphyria is unclear but it is estimated that it affects between 1 and 100 per 50,000 people. Rates vary around the world. Porphyria cutanea tarda is believed to be the most common type. The disease was described as early as 370 BC by Hippocrates. The underlying mechanism was first described by Felix Hoppe-Seyler in 1871. The name "porphyria" is from the Greek πορφύρα, "porphyra", meaning "purple", a reference to the color of the urine that may occur during an attack. | La porphyrie est une affection caractérisée par la présence, dans l'organisme, de quantités massives de porphyrines, molécules précurseurs de l'hème (partie non-protéique de l'hémoglobine). Elle est provoquée par un trouble du métabolisme des dérivés pyrroliques. Le signe commun des porphyries est la présence de porphyrines dans l'urine (porphyrinurie) et dans les fèces. | [
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Bari | Bari | Bari (, ; ; ; ) is the capital city of the Metropolitan City of Bari and of the Apulia region, on the Adriatic Sea, in southern Italy. It is the second most important economic centre of mainland Southern Italy after Naples (and the third after Palermo, if Insular Italy is included), a port and university city, as well as the city of Saint Nicholas. The city itself has a population of 320,257 inhabitants, over, while the urban area has 750,000 inhabitants. The metropolitan area has 1.3 million inhabitants. | Bari ("Bari" en italien, ['baːri], "Bàre" en dialecte, "Vare" dans l'ancien dialecte, "Barium" en latin, "Barion" en grec) est une ville italienne de plus de, chef-lieu de la ville métropolitaine de Bari et de la région des Pouilles, sur la côte adriatique. | [
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Wilhelm Marx | Wilhelm Marx | Wilhelm Marx (15 January 1863 – 5 August 1946) was a German lawyer, Catholic politician and a member of the Centre Party. He was Chancellor of Germany twice, from 1923 to 1925 and again from 1926 to 1928, and he also served briefly as Minister President of Prussia in 1925, during the Weimar Republic. With a total of 3 years, 73 days, he was the longest-serving Chancellor during the Weimar Republic (if both of his terms are added together; Heinrich Brüning had the longest continuous tenure, with 2 years and 61 days, slightly longer than Marx's first term). | Wilhelm Marx est un homme d'État et juriste allemand, né à Cologne le et mort à Bonn le. Il occupe les postes de chancelier, ministre, député et président du Zentrum. | [
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Izamal | Izamal | Izamal () is a small city in the Mexican state of Yucatán, east of state capital Mérida, in southern Mexico. | Izamal est une petite ville de l'État du Yucatán au Mexique. Elle se situe à à l'est de Mérida. Ses coordonnées géographiques sont 20.93 degrés nord et 89.02 degrés ouest. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Viburnum | Viorne | Viburnum is a genus of about 150–175 species of flowering plants in the moschatel family Adoxaceae. Its current classification is based on molecular phylogeny. It was previously included in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae. | Les viornes sont des arbrisseaux ou de petits arbres appartenant au genre "Viburnum". Ce genre, autrefois classé parmi les Caprifoliacées, fait aujourd'hui partie de la famille des Adoxacées, rangée dans l'ordre des Dipsacales par la classification APG II (alors que la classification APG I se contentait de la situer dans les euasterid II, sans l'inclure dans un ordre). | [
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Barletta | Barletta | Barletta () is a city, "comune" of Apulia, in south eastern Italy. Barletta is the capoluogo, together with Andria and Trani, of the Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani. It has a population of around 94.700 citizens. | Barletta [bar’letta] ("Varrètt" ou "Barlètt" en dialecte barlettan) est une ville italienne d'environ 94.340 habitants (2019), un des trois chefs-lieux de la province de Barletta-Andria-Trani, dans la région des Pouilles. | [
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Nha Trang | Nha Trang | Nha Trang (; ) is a coastal city and capital of Khánh Hòa Province, on the South Central Coast of Vietnam. It is bounded on the north by Ninh Hoà district, on the south by Cam Ranh town and on the west by Diên Khánh District. The city has about 392,000 inhabitants, a number that is projected to increase to 560,000 by 2015 and 630,000 inhabitants by 2025. An area of of the western communes of Diên An and Diên Toàn is planned to be merged into Nha Trang which will make its new area based on the approval of the Prime Minister of Vietnam in September 2012. | Nha Trang (prononciation en vietnamien : //) est la capitale de la province de Khanh Hoa, au Viêt Nam. C'est une cité balnéaire de plus de habitants. Les habitants de la ville s'appellent en français Nhatranais. | [
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Samnites | Samnites | The Samnites were an ancient Italic people who lived in Samnium in south-central Italy. They became involved in several wars with the Roman Republic until the 1st century BC. | Les Samnites (en latin classique : "Samnīs", "-ītis", au singulier ; "Samnītes", "-ium", au pluriel) sont des tribus sabelliennes établies dans le Samnium (région montagneuse d'Italie centrale) du | [
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Agra | Agra | Agra () is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is south of the national capital New Delhi. Agra is the fourth-most populous city in Uttar Pradesh and 24th in India. | Agra (en ; en "Āgrā") est une ville située dans l'État de l'Uttar Pradesh en Inde, chef-lieu de l'une des 18 divisions territoriales de cet État et du District d'Agra. Parmi ses nombreux monuments, elle compte notamment le Taj Mahal, le Fort rouge et, à proximité, Fatehpur-Sikri, tous trois inscrits sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO. | [
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Rangefinder camera | Mise au point télémétrique | A rangefinder camera is a camera fitted with a rangefinder, typically a split-image rangefinder: a range-finding focusing mechanism allowing the photographer to measure the subject distance and take photographs that are in sharp focus. Most varieties of rangefinder show two images of the same subject, one of which moves when a calibrated wheel is turned; when the two images coincide and fuse into one, the distance can be read off the wheel. Older, non-coupled rangefinder cameras display the focusing distance and require the photographer to transfer the value to the lens focus ring; cameras without built-in rangefinders could have an external rangefinder fitted into the accessory shoe. Earlier cameras of this type had separate viewfinder and rangefinder windows; later the rangefinder was incorporated into the viewfinder. More modern designs have rangefinders coupled to the focusing mechanism so that the lens is focused correctly when the rangefinder images fuse; compare with the focusing screen in non-autofocus SLRs. | La mise au point télémétrique se base sur un instrument, le télémètre, permettant de mesurer la distance entre l'appareil photographique ou la caméra et le sujet visé sans qu'il soit nécessaire de se déplacer de l'un à l'autre. Le nom « télémètre » vient de « télé », distance, et « mètre », mesure, pour « mesure à distance » autant que « mesure de distance ». Il en existe deux types principaux. | [
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Kabylie | Kabylie | Kabylie (, ; ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴻⵇⴱⴰⵢⴻⵍ) is a cultural region, natural region and historical region in northern Algeria. It is part of the Tell Atlas mountain range, and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean Sea. | La Kabylie (en kabyle : "Tamurt n Leqbayel, Tamurt n Iqbayliyen" ou "Tamurt n Izwawen") est une région historique située dans le Nord de l'Algérie, à l'est d'Alger. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Vignetting | Vignettage | In photography and optics, vignetting (; ) is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center. The word "vignette", from the same root as "vine", originally referred to a decorative border in a book. Later, the word came to be used for a photographic portrait that is clear at the center and fades off toward the edges. A similar effect is visible in photographs of projected images or videos off a projection screen, resulting in a so-called "hotspot" effect. | Le vignettage, ou vignetage, est l'assombrissement de la périphérie (coins sombres) d'une photographie provoqué soit par une insuffisance de l'objectif photographique, soit par l'utilisation d'un objectif dont le cercle-image ne couvre pas totalement le format du film ou tout simplement par un pare-soleil ou un filtre mal adapté à la longueur focale de l'objectif. | [
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Contrast (vision) | Contraste | Contrast is the difference in luminance or colour that makes an object (or its representation in an image or display) distinguishable. In visual perception of the real world, contrast is determined by the difference in the color and brightness of the object and other objects within the same field of view. The human visual system is more sensitive to contrast than absolute luminance; we can perceive the world similarly regardless of the huge changes in illumination over the day or from place to place. The maximum "contrast" of an image is the contrast ratio or dynamic range. | Le contraste (lat. «'», « contre », et «'», « se tenir », de l'i.e. "sta") est une propriété intrinsèque d'une image qui quantifie la différence de luminosité entre les parties claires et sombres d'une image. | [
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Pontius Pilate | Ponce Pilate | Pontius Pilate ( ;, "Póntios Pilátos") was the fifth governor of the Roman province of Judaea, serving under Emperor Tiberius from 26/27 to 36/37 CE. He is best known today for being the official who presided over the trial of Jesus and ordered his crucifixion. Pilate's importance in modern Christianity is underscored by his prominent place in both the Apostles and Nicene Creeds. Due to the Gospels' portrayal of Pilate as reluctant to execute Jesus, the Coptic and Ethiopian Churches believe that Pilate became a Christian and have venerated him as a martyr and saint. | Ponce Pilate (en latin ""), né à un endroit inconnu, vraisemblablement vers la fin du, est un citoyen romain membre de la classe équestre qui, à partir de 26, sous le règne de l'empereur Tibère, et durant dix à onze ans, a occupé la charge de préfet de Judée. Il est renvoyé à Rome à la fin de 36 ou au début de 37, pour une raison inconnue, par le proconsul de Syrie Lucius Vitellius, afin de s'expliquer devant l'empereur. Après son arrivée à Rome, l'histoire perd sa trace. | [
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Goblin | Gobelin (folklore) | A goblin is a monstrous creature from European folklore, first attested in stories from the Middle Ages. They are ascribed various and conflicting abilities, temperaments and appearances depending on the story and country of origin. They are almost always small and grotesque, mischievous or outright malicious, and greedy, especially for gold and jewelry. They often have magical abilities similar to a fairy or demon. Similar creatures include brownies, dwarfs, duendes, gnomes, imps, and kobolds. | Le gobelin est une créature légendaire, anthropomorphe et de petite taille, issue du folklore médiéval européen. Les gobelins ont été ultérieurement popularisés en tant que peuple imaginaire malfaisant dans le roman "Le Hobbit" de J. R. R. Tolkien, principale source d'inspiration des représentations de ces créatures dans de nombreuses œuvres se rattachant au sous-genre médiéval-fantastique de la "fantasy" : jeux de rôle, littératures de l'imaginaire et jeux vidéo. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Focal length | Focale | The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a system converges light, while a negative focal length indicates that the system diverges light. A system with a shorter focal length bends the rays more sharply, bringing them to a focus in a shorter distance or diverging them more quickly. For the special case of a thin lens in air, a positive focal length is the distance over which initially collimated (parallel) rays are brought to a focus, or alternatively a negative focal length indicates how far in front of the lens a point source must be located to form a collimated beam. For more general optical systems, the focal length has no intuitive meaning; it is simply the inverse of the system's optical power. | La distance focale est une des caractéristiques principales d'un système optique. Elle est égale à la distance entre un des plans principaux et le foyer correspondant : Par contraction, le terme focale désigne couramment la distance focale image. | [
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Artemisia II of Caria | Artémise II | Artemisia II of Caria (Greek: Ἀρτεμισία; died 350 BC) was a naval strategist, commander and the sister (and later spouse) and the successor of Mausolus, ruler of Caria. Mausolus was a satrap of the Achaemenid Empire, yet enjoyed the status of king or dynast of the Hecatomnid dynasty. After the death of her brother/husband, Artemisia reigned for two years, from 353 to 351 BCE. Her ascension to the throne prompted a revolt in some of the island and coastal cities under her command due to their objection to a female ruler. Her administration was conducted on the same principles as that of her husband; in particular, she supported the oligarchical party on the island of Rhodes. | Artémise II (en grec ancien Ἀρτεμισία / "Artemisía") est une reine d'Halicarnasse, morte en Elle est l'épouse du roi Mausole. | [
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Khanty | Khantys | The Khanty (in older literature: Ostyaks) are a Ugrian indigenous people calling themselves "Khanti, Khande, Kantek" (Khanty), living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, a region historically known as "Yugra" in Russia, together with the Mansi. In the autonomous okrug, the Khanty and Mansi languages are given co-official status with Russian. In the 2010 Census, 30,943 persons identified themselves as Khanty. Of those, 26,694 were resident in Tyumen Oblast, of whom 17,128 were living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug and 8,760—in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. 873 were residents of neighbouring Tomsk Oblast, and 88 lived in the Komi Republic. | Les Khantys ou Khantes, du groupe des Ostiaks sont une ethnie vivant dans le nord de la Russie européenne et dans le nord-ouest de la Sibérie, de part et d'autre de l'Oural et de l'Ob. | [
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Robert Adamson (photographer) | Robert Adamson | Robert Adamson (26 April 1821 – 14 January 1848) was a Scottish chemist and pioneer photographer at Hill & Adamson. He is best known for his pioneering photographic work with David Octavius Hill and producing some 2500 calotypes, mostly portraits, within 5 years after being hired by Hill in 1843, before his life was cut short. | Robert Adamson ( – ) est un photographe écossais de l'époque victorienne qui travailla avec le peintre David Octavius Hill en produisant d'excellents portraits et photos de groupes. | [
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David Octavius Hill | David Octavius Hill | David Octavius Hill (20 May 1802 – 17 May 1870) was a Scottish painter and arts activist. He formed Hill & Adamson studio with the engineer and photographer Robert Adamson between 1843 and 1847 to pioneer many aspects of photography in Scotland. | David Octavius Hill (-) est un photographe écossais qui travailla avec Robert Adamson, en produisant de très remarquables portraits par le procédé calotype. | [
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Sardis | Sardes | Sardis () or Sardes (; Lydian: 𐤮𐤱𐤠𐤭𐤣 "Sfard"; "Sardeis"; ; "Sfarad") was an ancient city at the location of modern "Sart" (Sartmahmut before 19 October 2005), near the Salihli in Turkey's Manisa Province. Sardis was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia, one of the important cities of the Persian Empire, the seat of a Seleucid Satrap, the seat of a proconsul under the Roman Empire, and the metropolis of the province Lydia in later Roman and Byzantine times. As one of the seven churches of Asia, it was addressed by John, the author of the Book of Revelation in the New Testament, in terms which seem to imply that its church members did not finish what they started, that they were about image and not substance. Its importance was due first to its military strength, secondly to its situation on an important highway leading from the interior to the Aegean coast, and thirdly to its commanding the wide and fertile plain of the Hermus. | Sardes (en grec, en ionien, forme contractée ) est une ancienne ville d’Asie Mineure, capitale de la Lydie, sur la rivière Pactole, dans la vallée de l’Hermos. | [
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Antonov An-225 Mriya | Antonov An-225 | The Antonov An-225 Mriya (; NATO reporting name: Cossack) is a strategic airlift cargo aircraft that was designed by the Antonov Design Bureau in the Ukrainian SSR within the Soviet Union during the 1980s. It is powered by six turbofan engines and is the heaviest aircraft ever built, with a maximum takeoff weight of. It also has the largest wingspan of any aircraft in operational service. The single example built has the Ukrainian civil registration UR-82060. A second airframe with a slightly different configuration was partially built. Its construction was halted in 1994 because of lack of funding and interest, but revived briefly in 2009, bringing it to 60–70% completion. On 30 August 2016, Antonov agreed to complete the second airframe for Airspace Industry Corporation of China (not to be confused with the Aviation Industry Corporation of China) as a prelude to commencing series production. | LAntonov An-225 "Mriya" (en, « aspiration, désir ardent vers un objectif » en français) est un avion de transport très gros porteur, fabriqué initialement en République socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine puis en coopération entre l'Ukraine et la Chine. Son nom de code OTAN est « Cossack » (l'An-124 ayant celui de « Condor »). Cet avion aux dimensions impressionnantes est le plus long et le plus lourd avion du monde, et le troisième en envergure, derrière le Stratolaunch () et l'hydravion géant H-4 Hercules () (mais ce dernier n'a volé qu'une minute, une seule fois et n'a jamais été opérationnel). Il est capable de transporter des charges volumineuses pesant jusqu'à avec une autonomie de selon la charge. | [
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French Riviera | Côte d'Azur | The French Riviera (known in French as the, ; ; literal translation "Azure Coast") is the Mediterranean coastline of the southeast corner of France. There is no official boundary, but it is usually considered to extend from Cassis, Toulon or Saint-Tropez on the west to Menton at the France–Italy border in the east, where the Italian Riviera joins. The coast is entirely within the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France. The Principality of Monaco is a semi-enclave within the region, surrounded on three sides by France and fronting the Mediterranean. Riviera is an Italian word that corresponds to the ancient Ligurian territory, wedged between the Var and Magra rivers. The "Côte d'Azur" is a nickname given by France to the County of Nice after its annexation in 1860, because the rain and cold wind Mistral were stopped by the Alps and the climate was similar to that of the north of Italy, even in winter, with a sky as blue as its sea, the French Riviera. After the 2000s it was extended to the rest of Southern France, although the geography, culture or climate is different. The County of Nice is a mountainous area like Italy which stands out from the South of France. While the Saharan warm wind Sirocco blows over Italy, the Mistral blows over the South of France. As the County of Nice is protected by the Alps, it has the Northern Italian climate. | La Côte d’Azur (en occitan provençal: "Còsta d'Azur" [ˈkɔstɔ daˈzyɾ] ou [ˈkɔsta daˈzyɾ], en italien : « Costa Azzurra », et en anglais : « French Riviera ») est la partie orientale du littoral méditerranéen français, à savoir la majeure partie du département des Alpes-Maritimes (incluant la principauté de Monaco), du Var, et partiellement des Bouches-du-Rhône. | [
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Trieste | Trieste | Trieste (, ; ) is a city and a seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of Italian territory lying between the Adriatic Sea and Slovenia, which lies approximately south and east of the city. Croatia is some to the south. | Trieste (anciennement "Tergeste" en latin, "Trst" en slovène et en croate, "Triest" en frioulan et en allemand, "Trieszt" en hongrois) est une ville italienne située au pied des Alpes dinariques sur la mer Adriatique au bord du golfe de Trieste et de la baie de Muggia, à proximité de la frontière italo-slovène. Elle est le chef-lieu de la région autonome de Frioul-Vénétie Julienne et de la province de Trieste. | [
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Camera lens | Objectif photographique | A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically. | Un objectif photographique est un système optique convergent formé de plusieurs lentilles, et éventuellement de miroirs, donnant des images réelles sur la surface sensible de l'appareil photographique. Un objectif se caractérise en premier lieu par sa distance focale (ou sa plage de focale pour un zoom), son ouverture maximale, et le format maximum de la surface sensible (film ou capteur) avec lequel il est utilisable. | [
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Humbert I, Count of Savoy | Humbert (comte de Savoie) | Humbert I (; – 1042 or 1047 1048), better known as Humbert the White-Handed () or () was the founder of the House of Savoy. Of obscure origins, his service to the German emperors Henry II and Conrad II was rewarded with the counties of Maurienne and Aosta and lands in Valais, all at the expense of local bishops and archbishops; the territory came to be known as the county of Savoy. | Humbert, dit « Humbert-aux-Blanches-Mains », appelé aussi Humbert de Maurienne ou encore Humbert de Savoie (en italien, "Umberto I di Savoia" dit "Umberto Biancamano"), né probablement entre 970 et 980 et mort un juillet, entre 1042 et 1048, selon la tradition, est un comte, proche du dernier roi des Deux Bourgognes, Rodolphe III, et à l'origine de la dynastie des "Humbertiens" connus plus tard comme comtes de Savoie, à l'origine de la maison de Savoie. | [
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Goat | Chèvre | The domestic goat or simply goat ("Capra aegagrus hircus") is a subspecies of "C. aegagrus" domesticated from the wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the animal family Bovidae and the subfamily Caprinae, meaning it is closely related to the sheep. There are over 300 distinct breeds of goat. Goats are one of the oldest domesticated species of animal, and have been used for milk, meat, fur and skins across much of the world. Milk from goats is often turned into goat cheese. | La chèvre domestique "(Capra hircus ou Capra hircus hircus, Linnaeus, 1758)" est une espèce de mammifères herbivore ruminant, appartenant à la famille des bovidés, sous-famille des caprins. La plupart du temps, les chèvres sont domestiquées, mais on les trouve aussi à l'état sauvage dans quelques contrées du Caucase, d'Iran, d'Afghanistan ou d'Irak. Leur domestication est ancienne (au moins ). On les élève pour leur lait, leur cuir, leur poil et leur viande. | [
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Joyeuse | Joyeuse (épée) | In legend, Joyeuse (; Old French: "Joiuse") was the sword wielded by Charlemagne as his personal weapon. The name means "joyous". A sword identified as Joyeuse was used in French royal coronation ceremonies since the 13th century, and is now kept at the Louvre museum. | Joyeuse est, d'une part, le nom de l'épée de Charlemagne dans la "Chanson de Roland", et d'autre part, le nom d'une épée utilisée lors du sacre des rois de France à partir du ou du, dite « épée de Charlemagne ». Elle est l'un des plus anciens regalia du royaume de France qui subsistent actuellement. | [
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San Andreas Fault | Faille de San Andreas | The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly through California. It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate, and its motion is right-lateral strike-slip (horizontal). The fault divides into three segments, each with different characteristics and a different degree of earthquake risk. The slip rate along the fault ranges from /yr. | La faille de San Andreas, située en Californie, est une faille géologique, en décrochement, à la jonction des plaques tectoniques pacifique et nord-américaine. Cette grande faille qui passe notamment par San Francisco et Los Angeles provoque des séismes très importants et dévastateurs en Californie. | [
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Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie | Gabriel Nicolas de La Reynie | Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie (1625 – 14 June 1709) is considered to be the founder of the first modern police force. | Gabriel Nicolas de La Reynie également orthographié La Reinie (né le à Limoges en France et mort le à Paris en France) est le premier lieutenant général de police de Paris. Par son action énergique, ses réformes novatrices et sa rigueur morale, notamment pendant la terrible affaire des poisons, il est souvent considéré comme le père de la police judiciaire française. | [
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Regalia | Regalia | Regalia is a Latin plurale tantum word that has different definitions. In one rare definition, it refers to the exclusive privileges of a sovereign. The word originally referred to the elaborate formal dress and dress accessories of a sovereign, but now the word usually refers to any type of elaborate formal dress and dress accessories. | Les regalia (ou régalia) sont un ensemble d'objets symboliques de royauté. Chaque royauté a ses propres regalia qui ont une histoire souvent légendaire. Ils sont conservés précieusement comme des trésors et se constituent par ajouts successifs. On peut les classer en trois catégories : | [
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Aesop | Ésope | Aesop ( or ;, ; c. 620–564 BCE) was a Greek fabulist and storyteller credited with a number of fables now collectively known as "Aesop's Fables". Although his existence remains unclear and no writings by him survive, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day. Many of the tales are characterized by animals and inanimate objects that speak, solve problems, and generally have human characteristics. | Ésope (en grec ancien / "", ) est un écrivain grec d'origine phrygienne, à qui on a attribué la paternité de la fable. | [
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Manu (Hinduism) | Manu (védisme) | Manu () is a term found with various meanings in Hinduism. In early texts, it refers to the archetypal man, or to the first man (progenitor of humanity).The Sanskrit term for 'human', मानव (IAST: mānava) means 'of Manu' or 'children of Manu'. In later texts, Manu is the title or name of fourteen mystical Kshatriya rulers of earth, or alternatively as the head of mythical dynasties that begin with each cyclic "kalpa" (aeon) when the universe is born anew. The title of the text "Manusmriti" uses this term as a prefix, but refers to the first Manu – Svayambhuva, the spiritual son of Brahma. | Dans l'hindouisme, Manu est le premier humain sur Terre (ancêtre des humains). Il est comparable à Adam dans les religions abrahamiques. Il est associé au dieu Vishnou et son avatar Matsya, le poisson, pour avoir remis la vie sur Terre (Il sauva Manu, sa famille et un grand nombre d'animaux). Manu est aussi célèbre pour avoir écrit les Lois de Manu ou "Manava Dharma Shastra" un livre antique très connu sur le sous-continent indien qui donne pour les fidèles les devoirs, les lois à suivre. | [
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Covenant (biblical) | Alliance (Bible) | The Hebrew Bible makes reference to a number of covenants () with God (YHWH). The Noahic Covenant (in Genesis), which is between God and all living creatures, as well as a number of more specific covenants with individuals or groups. Biblical covenants include those with Abraham, the whole Israelite people, the Israelite priesthood, and the Davidic lineage of kings. In form and terminology, these covenants echo the kinds of treaty agreements in the surrounding ancient world. | L'Alliance biblique est une alliance entre Dieu et l'humanité en général ou avec le peuple descendant d'un prophète en particulier comme Noé, Abraham, Jacob-Israël. "A priori" cette alliance n'aurait de sens que pour le judaïsme et le christianisme qui croient au caractère sacré de la Bible, cependant l'islam se manifeste également volontiers comme descendant de cette tradition biblique. | [
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Judea | Judée | Judea or Judaea, and the modern version of Judah (; from, "Yəhuda", "Yəhûḏāh",, ; ) is the ancient Hebrew and Israelite biblical, the contemporaneous Latin, and the modern-day name of the mountainous southern part of the region of Palestine. The name originates from the Hebrew name Yehudah, a son of the Jewish patriarch Jacob/Israel, and Yehudah's progeny forming the biblical Israelite tribe of Judah (Yehudah) and later the associated Kingdom of Judah, which the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia dates from 934 until 586 BCE. The name of the region continued to be incorporated through the Babylonian conquest, Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman periods as Yehud, Yehud Medinata, Hasmonean Judea, and consequently Herodian Judea and Roman Judea, respectively. | La Judée (de l'hébreu יהודה, "Yehudah" au travers du latin "Iudaea", ou "Judaea") est le nom historique et biblique d'une région montagneuse qui correspond aujourd'hui à une partie de la Cisjordanie et du sud d'Israël. Son nom vient de la Tribu de Juda dont elle constituait le territoire. Dans l'Antiquité, c'était une région plutôt reculée au relief escarpé. La Judée a été le centre de plusieurs royaumes et provinces antiques : le royaume de Juda à l'âge du fer, la province perse de "Yehoud Medinata", les dynasties des Hasmonéens et des Hérodiens, puis la province romaine de "Iudaea". | [
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Canaan (son of Ham) | Canaan (patriarche) | Canaan ( – "Kənáʿan", in pausa – "Kənā́ʿan"), according to the "Book of Genesis" in the Hebrew Bible, was a son of Ham and grandson of Noah, and was the father of the Canaanites. | Canaan (en hébreu : כְּנַעַן / כְּנָעַן) est un personnage de la Genèse, le premier livre de la Bible. Il est fils de Cham, lui-même fils de Noé. Un jour, Cham surprend Noé tout nu et en informe ses frères, à la suite de quoi Noé maudit Canaan en le déclarant serviteur de Sem. Ce récit est souvent appelé la Malédiction de Cham. | [
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Indigo | Indigo | Indigo is a deep and rich color close to the color wheel blue (a primary color in the RGB color space), as well as to some variants of ultramarine, based on the ancient dye of the same name. The word "indigo" comes from the Latin for "Indian", as the dye was originally imported to Europe from India. | Indigo (du latin "indicum" : de l'Inde, lui-même du grec ancien, "indikon") est un nom de couleur dérivé de celui de la teinture d'indigo, d'une couleur bleu foncé très puissante. | [
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Marbury v. Madison | Marbury v. Madison | Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803), was a U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions that violate the Constitution of the United States.. Decided in 1803, "Marbury" remains the single most important decision in American constitutional law. The Court's landmark decision established that the U.S. Constitution is actual "law", not just a statement of political principles and ideals, and helped define the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches of the federal government. | Marbury v. Madison "(Marbury contre Madison)" est un arrêt de la Cour suprême des États-Unis, (arrêt 5 U.S. 137) rendu le. C’est à bien des égards le plus important des arrêts rendus par la cour, non pour l’importance de l’affaire jugée, qui est mineure, mais pour les principes qu’il établit. La cour affirme la capacité, pour les tribunaux et en particulier pour elle-même, de juger de la conformité des lois à la constitution et d’écarter, en ne les appliquant pas, celles qui y contreviendraient. Ce principe donne à la cour son pouvoir le plus important, et fait d’elle la première cour constitutionnelle de l’histoire. | [
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National Center for Supercomputing Applications | National Center for Supercomputing Applications | The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) is a state-federal partnership to develop and deploy national-scale cyberinfrastructure that advances research, science and engineering based in the United States of America. NCSA operates as a unit of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, and provides high-performance computing resources to researchers across the country. Support for NCSA comes from the National Science Foundation, the state of Illinois, the University of Illinois, business and industry partners, and other federal agencies. | Le National Center for Supercomputing Applications est un centre américain de recherche et d'exploitation des superordinateurs. Il est situé sur le campus de l'Université de l'Illinois à Urbana-Champaign. | [
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Almoravid dynasty | Almoravides | The Almoravid dynasty (, "Al-Murābiṭūn") was an imperial Berber Muslim dynasty centered in Morocco. It established an empire in the 11th century that stretched over the western Maghreb and Al-Andalus. Founded by Abdallah ibn Yasin, the Almoravid capital was Marrakesh, a city the ruling house founded in 1062. The dynasty originated among the Lamtuna and the Gudala, nomadic Berber tribes of the Sahara, traversing the territory between the Draa, the Niger, and the Senegal rivers. | Les Almoravides (de l' "al-Morabiṭoun", « les gens du "ribāt" », en berbère : ⵉⵎⵔⴰⴱⴹⵏ "Imrabḍen") sont une dynastie berbère sanhajienne, qui constitue du au une confédération de tribus puis un empire englobant le Maroc, la Mauritanie, l'Ouest de Algérie ainsi qu'une partie de la péninsule Ibérique (actuels Espagne, Gibraltar et Portugal) et du Mali. | [
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Propaedeutic value of Esperanto | Valeur propédeutique de l'espéranto | The propaedeutic value of Esperanto is the utility of Esperanto as an introduction to foreign language study and its benefit on the teaching of subsequent foreign languages. Several studies, such as that of Helmar Frank at the University of Paderborn and the San Marino International Academy of Sciences, have concluded that one year of Esperanto in school, which produces an ability equivalent to what the average pupil reaches with European national languages after six to seven years of study, improves the ability of the pupil to learn a target language in comparison to that of pupils who spent the entire time learning the target language. For example, studying Esperanto for one year and then French for three years results in greater proficiency in French than when someone would only study French for four years. This effect was first described by Antoni Grabowski in 1908. | La valeur propédeutique de l'espéranto provient du fait que l'apprentissage préalable de l'espéranto facilite l'étude ultérieure d'autres langues voire d'autres disciplines. On peut faire l'analogie de la flûte à bec, considérée comme une bonne introduction à l'apprentissage d'un autre instrument de musique. Des études (dès 1922-24 en Angleterre et par exemple aussi en 1995-98 en Croatie, Slovénie, Autriche) menées sur des échantillons comparatifs d'élèves ont montré que les élèves qui avaient d'abord étudié l'espéranto, puis une langue étrangère, atteignaient un meilleur niveau dans cette langue que le groupe témoin qui, pendant la même durée, n'avait étudié que cette langue étrangère. Cela provient des aspects propres de l'espéranto tels que sa logique et son caractère analytique qui préparent efficacement les élèves à aborder un système linguistique qui leur est étranger. | [
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