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Alfred Loisy | Alfred Loisy | Alfred Firmin Loisy (; 28 February 18571 June 1940) was a French Roman Catholic priest, professor and theologian generally credited as a founder of biblical modernism in the Roman Catholic Church. He was a critic of traditional views of the biblical creation, and argued that biblical criticism could be applied to interpreting Sacred Scripture. His theological positions brought him into conflict with the church's conservatives, including Pope Leo XIII and Pope Pius X. In 1893, he was dismissed as a professor from the Institut Catholique de Paris. His books were condemned by the Vatican, and in 1908 he was excommunicated. | Alfred Loisy, né le à Ambrières (Marne) et mort le à Ceffonds (Haute-Marne), est un prêtre et théologien catholique français. À l'origine en 1902 de la crise moderniste, excommunié en 1908, il fera encore l'objet de discussions et controverses après le IIe concile œcuménique du Vatican. Son œuvre a ouvert la voie à l'application de la méthode historico-critique pour l'exégèse de la Bible selon François Laplanche. | [
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Just for Laughs | Juste pour rire | Just for Laughs (, and stylized as "J"ust for laughs) is a comedy festival held each July in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1983, it is the largest international comedy festival in the world. | Le festival Juste pour rire, créé en 1983 par Gilbert Rozon, est un festival d'humour qui a lieu chaque année à Montréal au Québec. Son pendant anglophone, "", a été créé en 1985. | [
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World war | Guerre mondiale | A world war is "a war engaged in by all or most of the principal nations of the world". While a variety of global conflicts have been subjectively deemed "world wars", such as the Cold War and the War on Terror, the term is widely and usually accepted only as it is retrospectively applied to two major international conflicts that occurred during the 20th century: World WarI (1914–18) and World WarII (1939–45). | Une guerre mondiale est un conflit armé à grande échelle impliquant des belligérants situés sur plusieurs continents. Le terme est essentiellement utilisé pour désigner les deux guerres majeures du vingtième siècle qui ont vu s'affronter un grand nombre de pays de par le monde, occasionnant également des désastres exceptionnels par leur importance, tant humains que matériels : | [
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Convair B-36 Peacemaker | Convair B-36 Peacemaker | The Convair B-36 "Peacemaker" is a strategic bomber built by Convair and operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) from 1949 to 1959. The B-36 is the largest mass-produced piston-engined aircraft ever built. It had the longest wingspan of any combat aircraft ever built, at 230 ft (70.1 m). The B-36 was the first bomber capable of delivering any of the nuclear weapons in the U.S. arsenal from inside its four bomb bays without aircraft modifications. With a range of and a maximum payload of, the B-36 was capable of intercontinental flight without refuelling. | Le Convair B-36 "Peacemaker" est un bombardier stratégique lourd à long rayon d'action utilisé par l'United States Air Force entre 1949 et 1959. Le B-36 est conçu et développé dans les années 1940 par la Consolidated Aircraft Corporation, qui fusionnera avec Vultee pour donner Convair. Avec une envergure de plus de et une masse maximale au décollage de plus de pour les premières versions, le B-36 est le plus grand avion à moteurs à pistons à avoir été produit en série. C'est le premier bombardier conçu spécialement pour emporter des bombes nucléaires ; la grande taille de sa soute lui permet d'emporter tous les types de bombes de l'arsenal américain sans avoir à subir de modifications. Avec un rayon d'action de et une capacité d'emport de, le B-36 est le premier véritable bombardier intercontinental. | [
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Consolidated B-24 Liberator | Consolidated B-24 Liberator | The Consolidated B-24 Liberator is an American heavy bomber, designed by Consolidated Aircraft of San Diego, California. It was known within the company as the Model 32, and some initial production aircraft were laid down as export models designated as various LB-30s, in the Land Bomber design category. | Le Consolidated B-24 "Liberator" est un bombardier lourd américain, conçu par Consolidated Aircraft de San Diego (Californie). Il est connu dans la société comme le Model 32, et un petit nombre des premiers modèles sont vendus sous le nom LB-30, pour « Land Bomber ». Le B-24 est utilisé dans la Seconde Guerre mondiale par les forces aériennes et navales alliées, et par plusieurs branches des forces armées américaines pendant la guerre, établissant un bilan de guerre particulier avec ses opérations en Europe de l'Ouest, dans le Pacifique, en Méditerranée, et sur le théâtre des opérations de Chine-Birmanie-Inde. | [
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NTFS | NTFS (Microsoft) | NTFS (NT File System) is a proprietary journaling file system developed by Microsoft. Starting with Windows NT 3.1, it is the default file system of the Windows NT family. | NTFS (de l'anglais ") est un système de fichiers développé par Microsoft Corporation pour sa famille de systèmes d'exploitation Windows NT, à partir de Windows NT 3.1, Windows 2000 et utilisé depuis par tous leurs successeurs (XP, Server 2003, 7). | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Fallout shelter | Abri antiatomique | A fallout shelter is an enclosed space specially designed to protect occupants from radioactive debris or fallout resulting from a nuclear explosion. Many such shelters were constructed as civil defense measures during the Cold War. | Un abri antiatomique est destiné à protéger ses occupants des effets mécaniques et thermiques d'une explosion nucléaire (ou d'un accident nucléaire), ainsi que des retombées radioactives, en leur permettant de survivre un certain temps jugé suffisant pour pouvoir en sortir sans danger. | [
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Polyandry | Polyandrie | Polyandry (; from "poly-", "many" and ἀνήρ "anēr", "man") is a form of polygamy in which a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time. Polyandry is contrasted with polygyny, involving one male and two or more females. If a marriage involves a plural number of "husbands and wives" participants of each gender, then it can be called polygamy, group or conjoint marriage. In its broadest use, polyandry refers to sexual relations with multiple males within or without marriage. | La polyandrie (polygamie féminine) désigne, chez l'humain, le système dans lequel une femme est mariée simultanément à plusieurs époux. Cette signification est la plus ancienne, attestée depuis 1765. Le mot "trouple" est aussi utilisé. | [
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Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | Carlo Azeglio Ciampi | Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (; 9 December 1920 – 16 September 2016) was an Italian politician and banker. He was the 49th Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and was the tenth President of Italy from 1999 to 2006. | Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (), né le à Livourne, en Toscane, et mort le à Rome, est un économiste, banquier et homme d'État italien, président de la République italienne de 1999 à 2006. | [
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Paul Delaroche | Paul Delaroche | Paul Delaroche (17 July 1797 – 4 November 1856) was a French painter who achieved his greater successes painting historical scenes. He became famous in Europe for his melodramatic depictions that often portrayed subjects from English and French history. The emotions emphasised in Delaroche's paintings appeal to Romanticism while the detail of his work along with the deglorified portrayal of historic figures follow the trends of Academicism and Neoclassicism. Delaroche aimed to depict his subjects and history with pragmatic realism. He did not consider popular ideals and norms in his creations, but rather painted all his subjects in the same light whether they were historical figures, figures of Christianity, or real people of his time like Napoleon Bonaparte and Marie-Antoinette. Delaroche was a leading pupil of Antoine-Jean Gros and later mentored a number of notable artists such as Thomas Couture, Jean-Léon Gérôme, and Jean-François Millet. | Paul Delaroche, pseudonyme d’Hippolyte de la Roche, né le à Paris où il est mort le, est un peintre français. | [
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Lambic | Lambic | Lambic ('lɒmbiːk or 'læmbɪk) is a type of beer brewed in the Pajottenland region of Belgium southwest of Brussels and in Brussels itself. Types of lambic beers include gueuze, kriek lambic and framboise. Lambic differs from most other beers in that it is fermented through exposure to wild yeasts and bacteria native to the Zenne valley, as opposed to exposure to carefully cultivated strains of brewer's yeast. This process gives the beer its distinctive flavour: dry, vinous, and cidery, often with a tart aftertaste. | Le lambic ("lambiek" ou encore "lambik" en néerlandais) est une bière de fermentation spontanée, en principe exclusivement produite dans la vallée de la Senne (sud de Bruxelles) et dans le Pajottenland (ouest de Bruxelles). C'est une bière plus ou moins acide selon son âge, sans pétillant ni mousse, et titrant environ 5° d'alcool. Elle est consommée telle quelle et sert aussi de base pour la production du faro, de la gueuze et de la kriek. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Victoria Bridge (Montreal) | Pont Victoria (Montréal) | The Victoria Bridge (), previously known as Victoria Jubilee Bridge, is a bridge over the St. Lawrence River, linking Montreal, Quebec, to the south shore city of Saint-Lambert. | Le pont Victoria est un pont ferroviaire et routier qui relie Saint-Lambert à Montréal (arrondissement Le Sud-Ouest), en enjambant le fleuve Saint-Laurent. Il dessert les régions administratives de la Montérégie et de Montréal. C'est le premier pont construit sur le fleuve Saint-Laurent. | [
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Heimdallr | Heimdall | In Norse mythology, Heimdallr is a god who possesses the resounding horn Gjallarhorn, owns the golden-maned horse Gulltoppr, is called the shining god and the whitest of the gods, has gold teeth, and is the son of Nine Mothers (who may represent personified waves). Heimdallr is attested as possessing foreknowledge, keen eyesight and hearing, and keeps watch for invaders and the onset of Ragnarök while drinking fine mead in his dwelling Himinbjörg, located where the burning rainbow bridge Bifröst meets the sky. Heimdallr is said to be the originator of social classes among humanity and once regained Freyja's treasured possession Brísingamen while doing battle in the shape of a seal with Loki. Heimdallr and Loki are foretold to kill one another during the events of Ragnarök. Heimdallr is additionally referred to as Rig, Hallinskiði, Gullintanni, and Vindlér or Vindhlér. | Heimdall (de "Heimdallr" en vieux norrois qui signifie peut-être « pôle du monde ») est un dieu ase de la mythologie nordique. Il est le gardien du pont Bifröst (l'arc-en-ciel qui sépare Ásgard des mondes inférieurs) et a pour charge de souffler dans Gjallarhorn lorsque viendra le Ragnarök. Pendant le Ragnarök, Heimdall est destiné à tuer Loki et à être tué par lui. Il est également le dieu de la lumière et de la lune, fils des neuf mères appelées les vierges ou filles de Geirrendour ou d'Ægir. | [
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Guide book | Guide touristique | A guide book or travel guide is "a book of information about a place designed for the use of visitors or tourists". It will usually include information about sights, accommodation, restaurants, transportation, and activities. Maps of varying detail and historical and cultural information are often included. Different kinds of guide books exist, focusing on different aspects of travel, from adventure travel to relaxation, or aimed at travelers with different incomes, or focusing on sexual orientation or types of diet. | Un guide touristique ou guide de voyage est un type de livre contenant des informations sur un lieu donné, qui peuvent être d'ordre pratique autant que culturel et historique, à l'usage des touristes. | [
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Bérurier Noir | Bérurier noir | Bérurier noir is a French punk band formed in Paris in 1983 by Laurent "Loran" Katrakazos (guitar), François Guillemot (vocals) and Dédé (drum machine). They called themselves "noir" (black) for the color of mourning (because their first concert was planned to be also their last) and for anarchy and "Bérurier" after the character from the novels of Frédéric Dard. Instead of being an end, the success of their first show inspired them to continue. A cult band, Bérurier Noir were loved by a generation of youth and feared by concert organisers for the riots that followed their shows. | Bérurier noir, aussi appelé les Béru ou les Bérus, et abrégé BxN, est un groupe de punk français, originaire de Paris. Il est le groupe phare de la scène punk et alternative française des années 1980, composé principalement de deux membres : Loran à la guitare et Fanfan au chant, issus du mouvement des squats parisiens. | [
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Boeing B-52 Stratofortress | Boeing B-52 Stratofortress | The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is an American long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber. The B-52 was designed and built by Boeing, which has continued to provide support and upgrades. It has been operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) since the 1950s. The bomber is capable of carrying up to of weapons, and has a typical combat range of more than 8,800 miles (14,080 km) without aerial refueling. | Le Boeing B-52 Stratofortress est un bombardier stratégique subsonique à réaction et à long rayon d'action mis en service en 1955 dans l'United States Air Force (USAF). La société Boeing, qui l'a conçu et construit, participe encore à sa maintenance et à son amélioration. Il peut transporter jusqu'à de munitions air-sol et parcourir plus de sans ravitaillement. En 2017, l'USAF maintient en service. | [
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Quaestor | Questeur (Rome antique) | A (, ; "investigator") was a public official in Ancient Rome. The position served different functions depending on the period. In the Roman Kingdom,'(quaestors with judicial powers) were appointed by the king to investigate and handle murders. In the Roman Republic, quaestors (Lat. ') were elected officials who supervised the state treasury and conducted audits. It was the lowest ranking position in the'(course of offices). However, this means that in the political environment of Rome, it was quite common for many aspiring politicians to take the position of quaestor as an early rung on the political ladder. In the Roman Empire, the position, which was initially replaced by the'(prefect), reemerged during the late empire as "", a position appointed by the emperor to lead the imperial council and respond to petitioners. | Dans la Rome antique, les questeurs sont des magistrats romains annuels comptables des finances, responsables du règlement des dépenses et de l’encaissement des recettes publiques. Ils sont les gardiens du Trésor public, chargés des finances de l'armée et des provinces, en relation avec les consuls, les promagistrats et les publicains. Maintenue sous le Haut-Empire avec son rôle comptable, cette fonction se réduit sous le Bas-Empire à une magistrature honorifique et coûteuse exercée uniquement à Rome. | [
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Galileo (satellite navigation) | Galileo (système de positionnement) | Galileo is the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that went live in 2016, created by the European Union through the European GNSS Agency (GSA), headquartered in Prague, Czechia, with two ground operations centers in Fucino, Italy, and Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. The €10 billion project is named after the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei. One of the aims of Galileo is to provide an independent high-precision positioning system so European nations do not have to rely on the U.S. GPS, or the Russian GLONASS systems, which could be disabled or degraded by their operators at any time. The use of basic (lower-precision) Galileo services is free and open to everyone. The higher-precision capabilities are available for paying commercial users. Galileo is intended to provide horizontal and vertical position measurements within 1-metre precision, and better positioning services at higher latitudes than other positioning systems. Galileo is also to provide a new global search and rescue (SAR) function as part of the MEOSAR system. | Galileo est un système de positionnement par satellites (radionavigation) développé par l'Union européenne dans le cadre du programme éponyme et incluant un segment spatial dont le déploiement doit s'achever vers 2020. Comme les systèmes américain GPS, russe GLONASS et chinois Beidou, il permet à un utilisateur muni d'un terminal de réception d'obtenir sa position. La précision attendue pour le service de base, gratuit, est de horizontalement et de en altitude. Un niveau de qualité supérieur sera fourni dans le cadre de services payants proposés aux professionnels. | [
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Dionysus | Dionysos | Dionysus or Dionysos is the god of the grape-harvest, winemaking and wine, of fertility, ritual madness, religious ecstasy, festivity and theatre in ancient Greek religion and myth. | Dans la mythologie grecque, Dionysos (en grec ancien ou ) est le dieu de la vigne, du vin et de ses excès, de la folie et de la démesure. Il est une figure majeure de la religion grecque, et un dieu de première importance au sein de l'orphisme : les "Hymnes orphiques" comportent de très nombreuses prières en son honneur et s'organisent pour donner. | [
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Chicago school (architecture) | École de Chicago (architecture) | Chicago's architecture is famous throughout the world and one style is referred to as the Chicago School. Much of its early work is also known as Commercial style. In the history of architecture, the first Chicago School was a school of architects active in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century. They were among the first to promote the new technologies of steel-frame construction in commercial buildings, and developed a spatial aesthetic which co-evolved with, and then came to influence, parallel developments in European Modernism. A "Second Chicago School" with a modernist aesthetic emerged in the 1940s through 1970s, which pioneered new building technologies and structural systems such as the tube-frame structure. | L'École de Chicago (aussi appelé style Chicago) est un mouvement d'architecture et d'urbanisme nommée ainsi, car les premières réalisations qui en découlèrent se firent à Chicago, aux États-Unis à la fin du. La phase d'apogée de ce mouvement est située approximativement entre 1875 et 1905. | [
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Tribune of the plebs | Tribun de la plèbe | Tribunus plebis, rendered in English as tribune of the plebs, tribune of the people or plebeian tribune, was the first office of the Roman state that was open to the plebeians, and was throughout the history of the Republic, the most important check on the power of the Roman Senate and magistrates. These tribunes had the power to convene and preside over the "Concilium Plebis" (people's assembly); to summon the senate; to propose legislation; and to intervene on behalf of plebeians in legal matters; but the most significant power was to veto the actions of the consuls and other magistrates, thus protecting the interests of the plebeians as a class. The tribunes of the plebs were sacrosanct, meaning that any assault on their person was prohibited by law. In imperial times, the powers of the tribunate were granted to the emperor as a matter of course, and the office itself lost its independence and most of its functions. During the day the tribunes used to sit on the tribune benches on the Forum Romanum. | Les tribuns de la plèbe (en latin ) sont dans la Rome antique des magistrats élus de la plèbe, élus pour une durée d'un an par le concile plébéien. Ils ne sont pas au sens politique des "magistrats" classiques relevant du gouvernement exécutif de la cité et ne portent en eux aucune fraction d' (souveraineté) déléguée par le vote. En revanche, leur rôle d'assistance et de défense des citoyens fait d'eux des instruments politiques fondamentaux dans le cadre de la défense des plus pauvres. | [
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Museum David and Alice van Buuren | Musée Alice et David van Buuren | The Museum David and Alice Van Buuren (, ) is a private house, now a museum, built from 1924 to 1928 for banker and art collector David Van Buuren and his wife Alice in Uccle, a municipality of Brussels (Belgium). The house was decorated by David and Alice as a "total work of art" to present their art collection in a rich Art Deco interior. The house is surrounded by gardens designed by Jules Buyssens in 1925 and René Pechère in 1968 and 1970. The private house became a museum in 1975 according to the testament of Alice Van Buuren. It was declared a National Heritage Site in 2001. | Le musée Alice et David van Buuren, à Bruxelles, est installé dans la maison du couple de mécènes van Buuren. Ce musée-fondation rassemble les œuvres d'art qu'Alice et David van Buuren ont collectionnées au cours de leur vie. Les œuvres exposées datent aussi bien du que du ou. | [
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Runes | Rune | Runes are the letters in a set of related alphabets known as runic alphabets, which were used to write various Germanic languages before the adoption of the Latin alphabet and for specialised purposes thereafter. The Scandinavian variants are also known as "futhark" or "fuþark" (derived from their first six letters of the alphabet: "F", "U", "Þ", "A", "R", and "K"); the Anglo-Saxon variant is "futhorc" or "" (due to sound-changes undergone in Old English by the names of those six letters). | L’alphabet runique ou futhark — terme formé à partir du nom de ses six premières lettres — est un alphabet qui fut utilisé pour l'écriture de langues germaniques par des peuples parlant ces langues, tels les Scandinaves, les Frisons, les Anglo-Saxons, etc. Il existe aussi des runes hongroises et des runes turques, deux systèmes indépendants. | [
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Jewish Museum of Belgium | Musée juif de Belgique | The Jewish Museum of Belgium (, ) is a museum in Brussels, Belgium, focusing on the history of the Jews in Belgium. | Le Musée juif de Belgique, situé rue des Minimes 21 à Bruxelles, rassemble une vaste collection d'objets de tradition juive provenant essentiellement d'Europe, d'Asie et d'Afrique, dont les plus anciens remontent au ). Des objets plus récents proviennent essentiellement des régions à l'est du Rhin et des pays du pourtour du bassin méditerranéen. | [
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Auderghem | Auderghem | Auderghem (former Dutch spelling, now used in French; pronounced ) or Oudergem () is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium). | Auderghem (en néerlandais "Oudergem" ; en brusseleir Âvergoum) est une des 19 communes de la région de Bruxelles-Capitale. Elle est officiellement bilingue. | [
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Jette | Jette | Jette (; ) is one of the nineteen municipalities located in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. In common with all the Brussels municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch). | Jette (nom historique : "Jette-Saint-Pierre" ; en brusseleer Yet) est l'une des 19 communes bilingues de Belgique située dans la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale. | [
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Le petit soldat | Le Petit Soldat | Le petit soldat () is a French film, written and directed by French filmmaker Jean-Luc Godard in 1960, but not released until 1963. It was Godard's second film with Anna Karina, who starred as Véronica Dreyer alongside Michel Subor (as Bruno Forestier). | Le Petit Soldat est un film français de Jean-Luc Godard, tourné en 1960, mais qui ne sort que le en raison d'une interdiction par la censure. Il s'agit du deuxième long métrage de Jean-Luc Godard après "À bout de souffle". C'est le premier film de Godard avec Anna Karina. | [
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Etterbeek | Etterbeek | Etterbeek (French: ; Dutch: ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium). It neighbours the municipalities of Auderghem, the City of Brussels, Ixelles, Schaerbeek, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert and Woluwe-Saint-Pierre. In common with all of Brussels' municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch). | Etterbeek (, ) est l'une des 19 communes situées dans la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale en Belgique. Elle est voisine de la ville de Bruxelles et des communes d'Ixelles, Auderghem, Woluwe-Saint-Pierre, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert et Schaerbeek. Au, Etterbeek compte ( et ), ce qui représente une densité de. | [
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Watermael-Boitsfort | Watermael-Boitsfort | Watermael-Boitsfort (French) or Watermaal-Bosvoorde (Dutch) is a residential suburb of the city of Brussels in Belgium, and one of the 19 municipalities which form the Brussels-Capital Region. | Watermael-Boitsfort () est l'une des 19 communes bilingues de Belgique situées dans la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale. Elle compte habitants au, hommes et femmes, d'après la Statbel. Elle couvre une superficie de km2, ce qui fait d'elle la quatrième plus grande commune de l'agglomération bruxelloise. Sa densité de population est de habitants/km2. | [
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Forest, Belgium | Forest (Bruxelles) | Forest (French name, ; ) is one of the nineteen municipalities located in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium. It is bordered by Anderlecht, Ixelles, Uccle, Saint-Gilles and Drogenbos. In common with all the Brussels municipalities, it is legally bilingual (French–Dutch). | Forest (en néerlandais : ""; en brusseleer "Veust") est l'une des de Belgique et une des de Bruxelles-Capitale. Elle est officiellement bilingue, comme toutes les communes bruxelloises, et comptait, et, au 2019, selon le dernier recensement de la commune, pour une superficie de, soit une densité de. | [
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Hélène et les Garçons | Hélène et les Garçons | Hélène et les Garçons ("Helen and the Boys") was a French sitcom that aired from 1992 to 1994. It is a spin-off from the series "First Kisses", and follows Hélène Girard and her friends in their life as students. | Hélène et les Garçons est une série télévisée française en de, créée par Jean-François Porry, produite par AB Productions et diffusée du au sur TF1. Il s'agit d'une série dérivée de "Premiers Baisers", centrée sur le personnage d'Hélène Girard, interprété dans les deux séries par l'actrice Hélène Rollès. | [
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Chinese martial arts | Arts martiaux chinois | Chinese martial arts, often named under the umbrella terms kung fu (; ), kuoshu () or wushu (), are several hundred fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common traits, identified as "families" (; ), "sects" (; ) or "schools" (; ) of martial arts. Examples of such traits include "Shaolinquan" () physical exercises involving Five Animals () mimicry or training methods inspired by Old Chinese philosophies, religions and legends. Styles that focus on qi manipulation are called "internal" (; ), while others that concentrate on improving muscle and cardiovascular fitness are called "external" (; ). Geographical association, as in "northern" (; ) and "southern" (; ), is another popular classification method. | Les arts martiaux chinois, popularisés sous le nom de kung-fu, également désignés par les termes mandarins wǔshù (武术), "guóshù" (国术) ou "quánfǎ" (拳法) et parfois désignés sous le terme de boxes chinoises, sont constitués de centaines de styles différents de combat à main nue ou armée, qui ont été développés en Chine au fil des siècles. | [
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Flavian dynasty | Flaviens | The Flavian dynasty was a Roman imperial dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 AD and 96 AD, encompassing the reigns of Vespasian (69–79), and his two sons Titus (79–81) and Domitian (81–96). The Flavians rose to power during the civil war of 69, known as the Year of the Four Emperors. After Galba and Otho died in quick succession, Vitellius became emperor in mid 69. His claim to the throne was quickly challenged by legions stationed in the Eastern provinces, who declared their commander Vespasian emperor in his place. The Second Battle of Bedriacum tilted the balance decisively in favour of the Flavian forces, who entered Rome on December 20. The following day, the Roman Senate officially declared Vespasian emperor of the Roman Empire, thus commencing the Flavian dynasty. Although the dynasty proved to be short-lived, several significant historic, economic and military events took place during their reign. | Les Flaviens sont une dynastie d'empereurs romains issus de la gens "Flavii", qui ont régné de 69 à 96 sur l'Empire romain : Vespasien (69 à 79), Titus (79 à 81) et Domitien (81 à 96). | [
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Swann in Love (film) | Un amour de Swann (film) | Swann in Love (, ), is a 1984 Franco-German film directed by Volker Schlöndorff. It is based on Marcel Proust's seven-volume novel sequence" In Search of Lost Time", specifically the first volume, the title of which typically translates as "" (1913). It was nominated for 2 BAFTA Film Awards. | Un amour de Swann est un film franco-allemand réalisé par Volker Schlöndorff, sorti en 1984. Son scénario a été largement inspiré par l'œuvre homonyme de Marcel Proust. | [
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Marie Harel | Marie Harel | Marie Harel (born Marie Catherine Fontaine; April 28, 1761 – November 9, 1844) was a French cheesemaker, who, along with Abbot Charles-Jean Bonvoust, invented Camembert cheese, according to local legend. She worked as a cheesemaker at the Manor of Beaumoncel and made Camembert cheeses according to local custom. Her main contribution was to have initiated a dynasty of entrepreneurial cheesemakers who developed the production of Camembert cheese on a large scale, notably her grandson Cyrille Paynel, born in 1817, who created a cheese factory in the commune of Le Mesnil-Mauger in Calvados at France. | Marie Harel, née Marie Catherine Fontaine le à Crouttes, près de Vimoutiers en Normandie et morte le à Vimoutiers, est une agricultrice qui serait, selon la petite histoire, l'inventrice du camembert, avec l'abbé Charles-Jean Bonvoust. | [
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Fritz Lang | Fritz Lang | Friedrich Christian Anton "Fritz" Lang (December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976) was an Austrian-German-American filmmaker, screenwriter, and occasional film producer and actor. One of the best-known "émigrés" from Germany's school of Expressionism, he was dubbed the "Master of Darkness" by the British Film Institute. | Friedrich Christian Anton Lang, connu sous le nom de Fritz Lang, né le à Vienne et mort le à Beverly Hills, est un réalisateur austro-hongrois, binational allemand par mariage à partir de 1919 et naturalisé américain en 1935. | [
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Angles | Angles (peuple) | The Angles (, ; ; ) were one of the main Germanic peoples who settled in Great Britain in the post-Roman period. They founded several kingdoms in Anglo-Saxon England, and their name is the root of the name "England" ("land of Ængle"). According to Tacitus, writing before their move to Britain, Angles lived alongside Langobardi and Semnones in historical regions of Schleswig and Holstein, which are today part of southern Denmark and northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein). | Le peuple des Angles (en latin "gens anglorum"), qui donne son nom aux Anglais et à l’Angleterre, est une peuplade germanique possiblement originaire de la péninsule d’Angeln dans l’actuel Schleswig, en Allemagne, ou bien de l'Angrie, autre région historique de l'Allemagne, située plus au sud. Durant les années 449-455, le roi breton Vortigern fit appel aux Angles pour se battre à ses côtés contre les Pictes. Les écrits des Chroniques anglo-saxonnes révèlent comment les Angles couronnés de succès décrivaient leur ancienne terre natale : () | [
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Immune tolerance | Tolérance (immunologie) | Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in a given organism. It is induced by prior exposure to that specific antigen and contrasts with conventional immune-mediated elimination of foreign antigens (see Immune response). Tolerance is classified into central tolerance or peripheral tolerance depending on where the state is originally induced—in the thymus and bone marrow (central) or in other tissues and lymph nodes (peripheral). The mechanisms by which these forms of tolerance are established are distinct, but the resulting effect is similar. | En immunologie, la tolérance est l'absence ou le faible niveau de réaction inflammatoire face à un antigène. Son contraire est l'anaphylaxie. | [
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Naoki Urasawa | Naoki Urasawa | Urasawa's first major work was illustrating the action series "Pineapple Army" (1985–1988), which was written by Kazuya Kudo. The first serial that he wrote and illustrated himself, and his first major success, was the sports manga "Yawara!" (1986–1993). He then illustrated the adventure series "Master Keaton" (1988–1994), which was written by Hokusei Katsushika and Takashi Nagasaki, and created the sports manga "Happy!" (1993–1999). The thriller "Monster" (1994–2001) was his first to receive international acclaim and success, which continued with the science fiction mystery "20th Century Boys" (1999–2006). Following the acclaimed "Pluto" (2003–2009), which is a re-imagining of "Astro Boy" by Osamu Tezuka, one of his biggest influences, he created the mystery series "Billy Bat" (2008–2016). After two short series, a sequel to "Master Keaton" and "Mujirushi: The Sign of Dreams", Urasawa began his currently ongoing "Renzoku Manga Shōsetsu Asadora!" in 2018. | , né le à Fuchū, préfecture de Tōkyō, Japon, est un dessinateur et scénariste de manga japonais. Ses plus grands succès sont "Yawara!", "Monster" et "20th Century Boys". Il a notamment reçu pour son œuvre trois Prix Shōgakukan, trois Prix d'Excellence du Festival des arts médias de l'Agence pour les affaires culturelles, deux Grands Prix du Prix culturel Osamu Tezuka, un Prix du manga Kōdansha et un Prix de la série du Festival d'Angoulême. Il est également guitariste et chanteur de rock de style « années 1960 ». | [
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Nerva–Antonine dynasty | Antonins (Rome) | The Nerva–Antonine dynasty was a dynasty of seven Roman Emperors who ruled over the Roman Empire from AD 96 to 192. These Emperors are Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Lucius Verus, Marcus Aurelius, and Commodus. The first five of them (excluding Lucius Verus) are commonly known as the "Five Good Emperors". | Les Antonins sont une dynastie d'empereurs romains qui ont régné entre 96 et 192 Les cinq premiers empereurs du siècle d'or des Antonins entrent dans l'histoire sous le nom des « Cinq bons empereurs », expression inventée en 1503 par le penseur humaniste Machiavel et reprise dans l’ouvrage "Histoire de la décadence et de la chute de l’Empire romain" de l'historien Edward Gibbon en 1776 pour désigner Nerva, Trajan, Hadrien, Antonin le pieux et Marc Aurèle dont le règne marque l'apogée de l'empire romain qui ne sera jamais plus riche et pacifié qu'à cette époque. | [
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Henri-Georges Clouzot | Henri-Georges Clouzot | Henri-Georges Clouzot (; – ) was a French film director, screenwriter and producer. He is best remembered for his work in the thriller film genre, having directed "The Wages of Fear" and "Les Diaboliques", which are critically recognized as among the greatest films from the 1950s. Clouzot also directed documentary films, including "The Mystery of Picasso", which was declared a national treasure by the government of France. | Henri-Georges Clouzot, né le à Niort et mort le dans le arrondissement de Paris, est un scénariste, dialoguiste, réalisateur et producteur de cinéma français. | [
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Bandwidth (signal processing) | Bande passante | Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in a continuous band of frequencies. It is typically measured in hertz, and depending on context, may specifically refer to "passband bandwidth" or "baseband bandwidth". Passband bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower cutoff frequencies of, for example, a band-pass filter, a communication channel, or a signal spectrum. Baseband bandwidth applies to a low-pass filter or baseband signal; the bandwidth is equal to its upper cutoff frequency. | En électronique, la bande passante d'un système est l'intervalle de fréquences dans lequel l'affaiblissement du signal est inférieur à une valeur spécifiée. C'est une façon sommaire de caractériser la fonction de transfert d'un système, pour indiquer la gamme de fréquences qu'un système peut raisonnablement traiter. | [
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Atlantic Wall | Mur de l'Atlantique | The Atlantic Wall () was an extensive system of coastal defences and fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944, along the coast of continental Europe and Scandinavia as a defence against an anticipated Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe from the United Kingdom, during World War II. The manning and operation of the Atlantic Wall was administratively overseen by the German Army, with some support from "Luftwaffe" ground forces. The "Kriegsmarine" (German Navy) maintained a separate coastal defence network, organised into a number of sea defence zones. | Le mur de l'Atlantique ("" en allemand) est un système extensif de fortifications côtières, construit par le Troisième "Reich" pendant la Deuxième Guerre mondiale le long de la côte occidentale de l'Europe et destiné à empêcher une invasion du continent par les Alliés depuis la Grande-Bretagne. | [
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Frederick the Great | Frédéric II (roi de Prusse) | Frederick II (; 24 January 171217 August 1786) ruled the Kingdom of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king at 46 years. His most significant accomplishments during his reign included his military victories, his reorganization of Prussian armies, his patronage of the arts and the Enlightenment and his final success against great odds in the Seven Years' War. Frederick was the last Hohenzollern monarch titled King in Prussia and declared himself King of Prussia after achieving sovereignty over most historically Prussian lands in 1772. Prussia had greatly increased its territories and became a leading military power in Europe under his rule. He became known as Frederick the Great () and was nicknamed "" ("The Old Fritz") by the Prussian people and eventually the rest of Germany. | Frédéric II de Prusse, dit Frédéric le Grand (en allemand : ""), né le à Berlin, mort le à Potsdam, de la maison de Hohenzollern, est roi de Prusse de 1740 à 1786, le premier à porter officiellement ce titre. Il est simultanément le prince-électeur de Brandebourg. | [
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Manorialism | Seigneurie | Manorialism or seignorialism was an organizing principle of rural economies which vested legal and economic power in a lord of the manor. He was supported economically from his own direct landholding in a manor (sometimes called a fief), and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under his jurisdiction and that of his manorial court. These obligations could be payable in several ways, in labor (the French term "corvée" is conventionally applied), in kind or in coin. | La seigneurie est une institution médiévale et moderne, occidentale, assurant l'encadrement économique et judiciaire des populations par un individu ou une personne morale n’exerçant pas nécessairement la souveraineté. La seigneurie est une réalité distincte du fief, qui est l'un des modes d'exercice de la seigneurie, avec l’alleu. | [
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Candlemas | Chandeleur | Candlemas (also spelled Candlemass), also known as the Feast of the Presentation of Jesus Christ and the Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is a Christian Holy Day commemorating the presentation of Jesus at the Temple. It is based upon the account of the presentation of Jesus in Luke 2:22–40. In accordance with Leviticus 12: a woman was to be purified by presenting lamb as a burnt offering, and either a young pigeon or dove as sin offering, 33 days after a boy's circumcision. It falls on February 2, which is traditionally the 40th day of and the conclusion of the Christmas–Epiphany season. While it is customary for Christians in some countries to remove their Christmas decorations on Twelfth Night (Epiphany Eve), those in other Christian countries historically remove them on Candlemas. On Candlemas, many Christians (especially Anglicans, Methodists, Lutherans, Orthodox and Roman Catholics) also bring their candles to their local church, where they are blessed and then used for the rest of the year; for Christians, these blessed candles serve as a symbol of Jesus Christ, who referred to Himself as the Light of the World. | La Chandeleur ("fête des chandelles") est une fête religieuse chrétienne correspondant à la présentation du Christ au Temple et sa reconnaissance par Syméon comme « Lumière d'Israël ». C'est une des Douze Grandes Fêtes. | [
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En concert (Mylène Farmer album) | En concert (album de Mylène Farmer) | En concert is the first live album by Mylène Farmer, released on 4 December 1989. It retraces her two first albums, "Cendres de lune" and "Ainsi soit je..." and contains a cover, "Je voudrais tant que tu comprennes", originally sung by Marie Laforêt. | En concert est le titre du premier album et vidéo de Mylène Farmer, paru le (Polydor). Cet album et cette vidéo résultent des enregistrés les 20 et à Forest National à Bruxelles en Belgique, issus de la tournée Tour 89. La vidéo de ce spectacle reçut le prix de la « Meilleure Vidéo Musicale Européenne » en 1990. | [
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Cendres de lune | Cendres de lune | Cendres de lune is the first album by the French singer/songwriter Mylène Farmer, released on 1 April 1986. The album was preceded by the hit single "Libertine". The album was rereleased in 1987, preceded by the song "Tristana". The album, which was Farmer's only one written and composed by Laurent Boutonnat, achieved success in France. Despite this success, it is considered moderate when compared with Farmer's standards and her later high-selling albums, but it helped to launch her career. | Cendres de lune est le premier album de Mylène Farmer. Sorti le chez Polydor, l'album comporte alors, dont "Maman a tort" (paru en 1984), "Plus grandir" (1985) et "Libertine", qui sort en même temps que l'album. Celui-ci est réédité l'année suivante afin d'inclure le titre "Tristana". | [
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Anamorphosée | Anamorphosée | Anamorphosée is the fourth studio album by Mylène Farmer, released on 17 October 1995. Led by the number-one single "XXL", the album was something of a departure from her previous work. Although it received mixed reviews from critics, the album was very successful, peaking at no.1 and staying on the French album chart for almost two years. | Anamorphosée est le titre du quatrième album studio de Mylène Farmer, paru le (Polydor). Le titre de l’album est une référence à l’anamorphose, effet d’optique qui distord une image, si bien qu’elle n’est visible que dans un miroir. Enregistré à Los Angeles, mettant en avant un son plus rock et acoustique qu’à l'accoutumée, et une Mylène Farmer sexy et lumineuse ("Je vertige de vivre") inspirée par "Le Livre tibétain de la vie et de la mort" de Sogyal Rinpoché, il permet à la chanteuse de revenir sur le devant de la scène après l’échec de son film "Giorgino". | [
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Dot product | Produit scalaire | In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors) and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry, the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used and often called "the" inner product (or rarely projection product) of Euclidean space even though it is not the only inner product that can be defined on Euclidean space; see also inner product space. | En mathématiques, et plus précisément en algèbre et en géométrie vectorielle, le produit scalaire est une opération algébrique s'ajoutant aux lois s'appliquant aux vecteurs. C'est une forme bilinéaire, symétrique et définie positive. À deux vecteurs, elle associe un scalaire, c'est-à-dire un nombre tel que ceux qui définissent cet espace vectoriel — réel pour un espace vectoriel réel, complexe pour un espace vectoriel complexe : | [
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Bourbon Restoration | Restauration (histoire de France) | The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history following the first fall of Napoleon in 1814 and his final defeat in the Hundred Days in 1815, until the July Revolution of 1830. The brothers of the executed Louis XVI, namely Louis XVIII and Charles X, came to power and reigned in highly conservative fashion. Exiled supporters of the monarchy returned to France. They were nonetheless unable to reverse most of the changes made by the French Revolution and Napoleon. At the Congress of Vienna, they were treated respectfully, but had to give up nearly all the territorial gains made since 1789. | La Restauration, appellation courante, est la période de l'histoire de France correspondant à la restauration de la monarchie en tant que régime politique en France, ou plus exactement dans ce qu'il restait de l'Empire napoléonien. Elle se subdivise en : | [
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Neufchâteau, Luxembourg Province | Neufchâteau (Belgique) | Neufchâteau ("Li Tchestea" in Walloon) is a Walloon municipality of Belgium located in the province of Luxembourg. On 1 January 2007 the municipality, which covers 113.79 km2, had 6,652 inhabitants, giving a population density of 58.5 inhabitants per km2. | Neufchâteau (prononcé : [] ; en wallon "Li Tchesté, en gaumais Nûtchatî", en allemand "Neuenburg in Lützelburg") est une ville francophone de Belgique située en Région wallonne et chef-lieu d'arrondissement dans la province de Luxembourg. Ses habitants sont les Chestrolais. | [
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House of Habsburg | Maison de Habsbourg | The House of Habsburg (; ; alternatively spelled Hapsburg in English; ), also officially called the House of Austria (; ), is one of the most influential and distinguished royal houses of Europe. The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs from 1440 until their extinction in the male line in 1740 and after the death of Francis I from 1765 until its dissolution in 1806. | La maison de Habsbourg ou maison d'Autriche est une importante maison souveraine d'Europe connue entre autres pour avoir fourni tous les empereurs du Saint-Empire romain germanique entre 1452 et 1740, ainsi qu'une importante lignée de souverains d'Espagne et de l'empire d'Autriche, puis de la double monarchie austro-hongroise. La dynastie porte le nom de « maison de Habsbourg-Lorraine » depuis 1780. | [
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Knot theory | Théorie des nœuds | In topology, knot theory is the study of mathematical knots. While inspired by knots which appear in daily life, such as those in shoelaces and rope, a mathematical knot differs in that the ends are joined together so that it cannot be undone, the simplest knot being a ring (or "unknot"). In mathematical language, a knot is an embedding of a circle in 3-dimensional Euclidean space, R (in topology, a circle isn't bound to the classical geometric concept, but to all of its homeomorphisms). Two mathematical knots are equivalent if one can be transformed into the other via a deformation of R upon itself (known as an ambient isotopy); these transformations correspond to manipulations of a knotted string that do not involve cutting the string or passing the string through itself. | La théorie des nœuds est une branche de la topologie qui consiste en l'étude mathématique de courbes présentant des liaisons avec elles-mêmes, un « bout de ficelle » idéalisé en lacets. Elle est donc très proche de la théorie des tresses qui comporte plusieurs chemins ou « bouts de ficelle ». | [
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Les Mots (album) | Les Mots (album) | Les Mots is the first compilation by French singer Mylène Farmer, released on 26 November 2001. It contains most of the singer's hits and three new songs. It was certified Diamond in France. | Les Mots est la première compilation des succès de Mylène Farmer, parue le (Polydor). Meilleure vente de l’année 2001 et 2002 en France, elle demeure à ce jour le "Best of" français le plus vendu, avec près de, il s'agit également du le plus vendu en France depuis 2000. | [
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Fawlty Towers | L'Hôtel en folie | Fawlty Towers is a British television sitcom written by John Cleese and Connie Booth and broadcast on BBC2 in 1975 and 1979. Two series of six episodes each were made. The show was ranked first on a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, and in 2019 it was named the "greatest ever British TV sitcom" by a panel of comedy experts compiled by the "Radio Times". | L'Hôtel en folie ("Fawlty Towers") est une série télévisée britannique en 12 épisodes de 30 minutes, de type sitcom, créée par John Cleese et Connie Booth et diffusée entre le et le sur BBC Two. | [
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EMule | EMule | eMule is a free peer-to-peer file sharing application for Microsoft Windows. Started in May 2002 as an alternative to eDonkey2000, eMule now connects to both the eDonkey network and the Kad network. Often used by clients looking for extremely rare content, the distinguishing features of eMule are the direct exchange of sources between client nodes, fast recovery of corrupted downloads, and the use of a credit system to reward frequent uploaders. Furthermore, eMule transmits data in zlib-compressed form to save bandwidth. | eMule est un logiciel gratuit de partage de fichiers en pair à pair, il fonctionne sur Microsoft Windows et sur Mac OS depuis 2006. Fondé en mai 2002 dans le but de contourner eDonkey2000, eMule se connecte désormais aux réseaux eDonkey et Kad. Les avantages qui distinguent eMule incluent l'échange direct des sources entre clients, le diagnostic rapide des fichiers corrompus et l'utilisation d'un système de crédit pour les utilisateurs les plus fidèles. | [
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Transubstantiation | Transsubstantiation | Transubstantiation (Latin: "transsubstantiatio"; Greek: μετουσίωσις "metousiosis") is, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, "the change of the whole substance of bread into the substance of the Body of Christ and of the whole substance of wine into the substance of his Blood. This change is brought about in the eucharistic prayer through the efficacy of the word of Christ and by the action of the Holy Spirit. However, the outward characteristics of bread and wine, that is the 'eucharistic species', remain unaltered." In this teaching, the notions of "substance" and "transubstantiation" are not linked with any particular theory of metaphysics. | La transsubstantiation (en, en / "") est un phénomène surnaturel, qui signifie littéralement la conversion d'une substance en une autre. Le terme désigne, pour une partie des chrétiens (en particulier les catholiques et les orthodoxes), la conversion du pain et du vin en corps et sang du Christ lors de l'Eucharistie par l'intermédiaire du Saint Esprit. | [
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M*A*S*H (TV series) | MASH (série télévisée) | M*A*S*H (an acronym for Mobile Army Surgical Hospital) is an American war comedy-drama television series that aired on CBS from 1972 to 1983. It was developed by Larry Gelbart as the first original spin-off series adapted from the 1970 feature film "M*A*S*H", which, in turn, was based on Richard Hooker's 1968 novel "". The series, which was produced with 20th Century Fox Television (currently part of Disney Television Studios) for CBS, follows a team of doctors and support staff stationed at the "4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital" in Uijeongbu, South Korea, during the Korean War (1950–53). The show's title sequence features an instrumental-only version of "Suicide Is Painless," the original film's theme song. The show was created after an attempt to film the original book's sequel, "M*A*S*H Goes to Maine", failed. The television series is the best-known of the "M*A*S*H" works, and one of the highest-rated shows in U.S. television history. | MASH (parfois emphatisé M*A*S*H) est une série télévisée américaine développée par Larry Gelbart. Elle fut adaptée du film "MASH" sorti en 1970, lui-même basé sur le livre "" écrit par Richard Hooker. La série est un drame médical produit par la société 20th Century Fox Television et diffusée sur la chaîne CBS. Elle suit le quotidien d'une équipe de médecins et d'infirmières qui constituent la 4077 compagnie du Mobile Army Surgical Hospital, située à Uijeongbu en Corée du Sud, durant la guerre de Corée. Le générique d'ouverture de la série est une version instrumentale de la chanson « Suicide Is Painless », qui apparaît également dans le film de Robert Altman. La série fut créée après qu'une tentative d'adaptation de la suite du livre original, "MASH Goes to Maine", ait échoué. Bien que connue de tous aux États-Unis, elle n'a pas eu le même succès ailleurs, notamment en Europe. | [
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Jeet Kune Do | Jeet kune do | Jeet Kune Do (; ), or "The way of the intercepting fist" in Cantonese, abbreviated JKD, is a hybrid philosophy of martial arts heavily influenced by the personal philosophy and experiences of martial artist Bruce Lee. Lee founded the system on July 9, 1967, referring to it as "non-classical", suggesting that it is a formless form of Chinese Kung Fu. Unlike more traditional martial arts, Jeet Kune Do is not fixed or patterned and is a philosophy with guiding ideas. Named for the Wing Chun concept of interception or attacking when one's opponent is about to attack, Jeet Kune Do's practitioners believe in minimal effort with maximum effect and extreme speed. | Le jeet kune do (chinois: 截拳道 ; cantonais: "jihtkyùhndouh" ; pinyin: "jiéquándaò", « voie du poing qui intercepte ») est, principalement à mains nues, créé par Bruce Lee aux alentours de 1967. Le JKD est avant tout un concept martial et non pas un sport ni un art martial traditionnel. Le JKD correspond à ce que son fondateur identifiait comme une voie de libération (et encore non pas la seule). Le jeet kune do est inspiré principalement du wing chun, la boxe et l'escrime, mais intègre des techniques qui lui sont propres. Son fondateur s'est basé sur la mante religieuse du nord et du sud, le Choy Lee Fut, les Griffes de l'aigle, la boxe anglaise, la lutte, l'escrime, le judo, le jiujitsu et certains coups de pieds des styles du nord et du sud de la Chine ; en découvrant ces styles, il fera évoluer sa pratique de wing chun traditionnel. | [
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Rack railway | Chemin de fer à crémaillère | A rack railway (also rack-and-pinion railway, cog railway, or cogwheel railway) is a steep grade railway with a toothed rack rail, usually between the running rails. The trains are fitted with one or more cog wheels or pinions that mesh with this rack rail. This allows the trains to operate on steep grades above 10%, which is the maximum for friction-based rail. Most rack railways are mountain railways, although a few are transit railways or tramways built to overcome a steep gradient in an urban environment. | Un chemin de fer à crémaillère est un type de remontée mécanique où des trains circulent sur une ligne de voie ferrée qui dispose en son centre d'un rail supplémentaire denté. Les locomotives utilisées sont équipées d'une ou plusieurs roues motrices dentées qui viennent s'engrener sur ce rail, permettant aux convois de conserver l'adhérence en pente et ainsi de gravir des déclivités importantes. | [
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LAMP (software bundle) | LAMP | LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl/Python) is a very common example of a web service stack, named as an acronym of the names of its original four open-source components: the Linux operating system, the Apache HTTP Server, the MySQL relational database management system (RDBMS), and the PHP programming language. The LAMP components are largely interchangeable and not limited to the original selection. As a solution stack, LAMP is suitable for building dynamic web sites and web applications. | LAMP est un acronyme désignant un ensemble de logiciels libres permettant de construire des serveurs de sites web. L'acronyme original se réfère aux logiciels suivants : | [
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Charon | Charon (mythologie) | In Greek mythology and Roman mythology, Charon or Kharon (; Greek Χάρων) is a psychopomp, the ferryman of Hades who carries souls of the newly deceased across the rivers Styx and Acheron that divided the world of the living from the world of the dead. A coin to pay Charon for passage, usually an obolus or danake, was sometimes placed in or on the mouth of a dead person. Some authors say that those who could not pay the fee, or those whose bodies were left unburied, had to wander the shores for one hundred years, until they were allowed to cross the river. In the catabasis mytheme, heroes – such as Aeneas, Dionysus, Heracles, Hermes, Odysseus, Orpheus, Pirithous, Psyche, Theseus and Sisyphus – journey to the underworld and return, still alive, conveyed by the boat of Charon. | Fils d'Érèbe (l'Obscurité) et de Nyx (la Nuit), Charon (pron. : [karɔ̃] « karon ») est le nocher (le pilote de la barque) des Enfers dans la mythologie grecque. Sur les marais de l'Achéron, il faisait traverser le Styx, contre une obole, aux âmes des morts ayant reçu une sépulture. | [
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Elizabeth of Russia | Élisabeth Ire (impératrice de Russie) | Elizabeth Petrovna () (), also known as Yelisaveta or Elizaveta, was the Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death in 1762. She led the country during the two major European conflicts of her time: the War of Austrian Succession (1740–48) and the Seven Years' War (1756–63). | Élisabeth Petrovna (en, Ielizaveta Petrovna), dite "Élisabeth la Clémente", née à Kolomenskoïe le et morte à Saint-Pétersbourg le, est une impératrice de Russie qui régna de 1741 jusqu'à sa mort. | [
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Civil defense | Sécurité civile | Civil defence (civil defense in US English) or civil protection is an effort to protect the citizens of a state (generally non-combatants) from military attacks and natural disasters. It uses the principles of emergency operations: prevention, mitigation, preparation, response, or emergency evacuation and recovery. Programs of this sort were initially discussed at least as early as the 1920s and were implemented in some countries during the 1930s as the threat of war and aerial bombardment grew. It became widespread after the threat of nuclear weapons was realized. | La sécurité civile désigne l'ensemble des moyens mis en œuvre par un État pour protéger ses citoyens, en temps de guerre comme en temps de paix. | [
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Brian Epstein | Brian Epstein | Brian Samuel Epstein (; 19 September 1934 – 27 August 1967) was an English music entrepreneur who managed the Beatles from January 1962 until his death. He was referred to as the "fifth Beatle" due to his role in the group's business affairs, image and rise to global fame. Epstein was born into a family of successful retailers in Liverpool, who put him in charge of their music shop. Here he displayed a gift for talent-spotting. He first met the Beatles in 1961 at a lunchtime concert at Liverpool's Cavern Club. Although he had no experience of artist management, Epstein put them under contract and insisted that they abandon their scruff-image in favour of a new clean-cut style, with identical suits and haircuts. He then persuaded George Martin of EMI group to produce their records. Within months, the Beatles were international stars. Epstein accompanied them to America, where he was besieged by merchandising offers, but had signed away 90 per cent of the rights in advance. This is viewed as his one miscalculation. Some of Epstein's other young discoveries had also prospered at this time under his management. They included Gerry and the Pacemakers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, Tommy Quickly, and Cilla Black. In 1967, he died of a drug overdose, ruled as accidental, at the age of 32. | Brian Samuel Epstein (API : ) (né le à Liverpool, et mort le à Londres) est un agent artistique ayant représenté de nombreux artistes au début des années 1960, et qui fut surtout le manager des Beatles, de 1961 à son décès en 1967. | [
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John Kennedy Toole | John Kennedy Toole | John Kennedy Toole (; December 17, 1937 – March 26, 1969) was an American novelist from New Orleans, Louisiana, whose posthumously published novel "A Confederacy of Dunces" won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. He also wrote "The Neon Bible". Although several people in the literary world felt his writing skills were praiseworthy, Toole's novels were rejected during his lifetime. After suffering from paranoia and depression due in part to these failures, he died by suicide at the age of 31. | John Kennedy Toole, né le et mort le, est un écrivain américain qui se suicida par déception de ne pas être publié, et qui connut le succès après sa mort. | [
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Battle of Verdun | Bataille de Verdun | The Battle of Verdun ( ; ), was fought from 21 February to 18 December 1916 on the Western Front in France. The battle was the longest of the First World War and took place on the hills north of Verdun-sur-Meuse. The German 5th Army attacked the defences of the Fortified Region of Verdun (RFV, ) and those of the French Second Army on the right (east) bank of the Meuse. Using the experience of the Second Battle of Champagne in 1915, the Germans planned to capture the Meuse Heights, an excellent defensive position with good observation for artillery-fire on Verdun. The Germans hoped that the French would commit their strategic reserve to recapture the position and suffer catastrophic losses at little cost to the Germans. | La bataille de Verdun est une bataille qui s'est déroulée du au dans la région de Verdun en Lorraine, durant la Première Guerre mondiale. Elle a opposé les armées françaises et allemandes. | [
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Lake Vostok | Lac Vostok | Lake Vostok (, "Ozero Vostok") is the largest of Antarctica's almost 400 known subglacial lakes. Lake Vostok is located at the southern Pole of Cold, beneath Russia's Vostok Station under the surface of the central East Antarctic Ice Sheet, which is at above mean sea level. The surface of this fresh water lake is approximately under the surface of the ice, which places it at approximately below sea level. | Le lac Vostok (en ) est le plus grand des lacs subglaciaires de l'Antarctique. Il se situe en dessous de la station soviétique puis russe de Vostok, dont la surface de l'inlandsis se situe à cet endroit à d'altitude. La surface de ce lac d'eau douce est à approximativement en dessous de la surface de la glace, ce qui la place à approximativement en dessous du niveau de la mer. | [
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Harmonica | Harmonica | The harmonica, also known as a French harp or mouth organ, is a free reed wind instrument used worldwide in many musical genres, notably in blues, American folk music, classical music, jazz, country, and rock. The many types of harmonica include diatonic, chromatic, tremolo, octave, orchestral, and bass versions. A harmonica is played by using the mouth (lips and tongue) to direct air into or out of one (or more) holes along a mouthpiece. Behind each hole is a chamber containing at least one reed. A harmonica reed is a flat, elongated spring typically made of brass, stainless steel, or bronze, which is secured at one end over a slot that serves as an airway. When the free end is made to vibrate by the player's air, it alternately blocks and unblocks the airway to produce sound. | L’harmonica est un instrument de musique à vent, de la famille des bois, à anches libres, fonctionnant sur le même principe que l'accordéon : des anches (lamelles) métalliques de longueurs différentes, produisent les notes en vibrant au passage de l'air, aspiré ou soufflé cette fois par la bouche, cette conjonction étant peu fréquente pour un instrument à vent. | [
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Full contact karate | Full-contact | Full contact karate is any format of karate where competitors spar (also called Kumite) full-contact and allow a knockout as winning criterion | Le full-contact est un sport de combat appartenant aux formes de boxes pieds-poings (BPP) nées aux États-Unis dans les années 1960 et 1970 et surnommé dans ce pays « kick-boxing ». | [
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Neoclassicism | Néo-classicisme | Neoclassicism (also spelled Neo-classicism; from Greek νέος "nèos", "new" and Greek κλασικός "klasikόs", "of the highest rank") was a Western cultural movement in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiquity. Neoclassicism was born in Rome largely thanks to the writings of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, at the time of the rediscovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum, but its popularity spread all over Europe as a generation of European art students finished their Grand Tour and returned from Italy to their home countries with newly rediscovered Greco-Roman ideals. The main Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th-century Age of Enlightenment, and continued into the early 19th century, laterally competing with Romanticism. In architecture, the style continued throughout the 19th, 20th and up to the 21st century. | Le néo-classicisme est à la fois un mouvement artistique, et une période stylistique qui émerge vers 1750 dans l'Europe des Lumières, contemporain et consécutif de la vogue du Grand Tour. Son apogée se situe vers 1780 jusqu'à 1800 et le déclin de son influence s'amorce vers 1810 avec la concurrence du romantisme. Le mouvement, né à Rome au moment où l'on redécouvre Pompéi et Herculanum, se diffuse en Europe et aux États-Unis par l'intermédiaire des écrits de théoriciens dont le principal représentant est l'archéologue et historien d'art Johann Joachim Winckelmann. Celui-ci préconise un retour à la « vertu », à la simplicité et au goût de l'épure de l'antique après le baroque et surtout ce que les promoteurs du retour à l'antique considèrent comme les excès foisonnants et frivoles du rococo de la période précédente. Cette expression nouvelle d'un style ancien souhaite rallier tous les arts à ce qu'on appela alors « le vrai style ». | [
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Cytoplasm | Cytoplasme | In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. The main components of the cytoplasm are cytosol – a gel-like substance, the organelles – the cell's internal sub-structures, and various cytoplasmic inclusions. The cytoplasm is about 80% water and usually colorless. | Le cytoplasme désigne le contenu d'une cellule vivante et la région comprise entre la membrane plasmique et le noyau d'une cellule eucaryote, le noyau et le nucléoïde d'une cellule procaryote. En d'autres termes, le protoplasme délimité par la membrane plasmique est constitué du cytoplasme et du noyau chez les cellules eucaryotes, du cytoplasme et du nucléoïde pour les cellules procaryotes. Il est constitué d'environ 80 % d'eau et se définit comme une émulsion colloïdale à l'aspect granuleux constituée de cytosol, solution aqueuse de sels minéraux et de divers composés organiques qui, avec le cytosquelette, forme le hyaloplasme. Chez les eucaryotes, le cytoplasme comprend plusieurs organites comme les réticulum endoplasmiques, des vacuoles, des mitochondries ou des chloroplastes formant le morphoplasme, mais ne comprend pas le noyau (dont le contenu est appelé nucléoplasme). Il comprend également des ribosomes, qui ne sont pas considérés comme des organites. Chez les procaryotes, le cytoplasme englobe la totalité du matériel cellulaire contenu dans la membrane interne (ou cytoplasmique). Il ne contient pas d'organites mais des ribosomes, des substances de réserves, des plasmides et un chromosome circulaire. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Logic gate | Fonction logique | A logic gate is an idealized or physical electronic device implementing a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output. Depending on the context, the term may refer to an ideal logic gate, one that has for instance zero rise time and unlimited fan-out, or it may refer to a non-ideal physical device (see Ideal and real op-amps for comparison). | Il existe deux grands types de fonctions logiques : Les fonctions logiques combinatoires directement issues des mathématiques (algèbre de Boole) sont les outils de base de l'électronique numérique. Elles sont mises en œuvre en électronique sous forme de portes logiques. Ainsi les circuits électroniques calculent des fonctions logiques de l'algèbre de Boole. Ces portes électroniques sont construites à partir de plusieurs transistors connectés de manière adéquate. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Gentoo Linux | Gentoo Linux | Gentoo Linux (pronounced ) is a Linux distribution built using the Portage package management system. Unlike a binary software distribution, the source code is compiled locally according to the user's preferences and is often optimized for the specific type of computer. Precompiled binaries are available for some larger packages or those with no available source code. | Gentoo Linux () est une distribution GNU/Linux dite source. Elle a été conçue pour être modulaire, portable et optimisée pour le matériel de l'utilisateur. Ainsi, la majeure partie des programmes devront être compilés à partir du code source. Toutefois, certains logiciels disponibles sous forme de paquets précompilés pour différentes architectures peuvent également être utilisés. Ceci est géré grâce au logiciel "Portage" de Gentoo Linux. | [
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Médiamétrie | Médiamétrie | Médiamétrie, established in 1985, is a public limited company specialising in audience measurement and research into audio-visual and digital media usage in France. It is especially well known for its Audimat brand whose name is now part of everyday language; today, however, that brand is named Médiamat. | Médiamétrie, créée en 1985, est une société anonyme spécialisée dans la mesure d'audience et l'étude des usages des médias audiovisuels et numériques en France. Elle est notamment connue pour sa marque Audimat, dont le nom est devenu, par antonomase, un mot du langage courant ; la marque se nomme aujourd'hui Médiamat. | [
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Gesneriaceae | Gesneriaceae | Gesneriaceae, the African violet family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the Old World (most Cyrtandroideae) and New World (Gesnerioideae) tropics and subtropics, with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants. | Les Gesnériacées ("Gesneriaceae Rich. & Juss." ), sont une famille de plantes dicotylédones de l'ordre des "Lamiales". Ce sont des plantes herbacées, des arbustes, parfois des lianes, dont la plupart sont originaires des régions sub-tropicales à tropicales, même si quelques espèces viennent des régions tempérées. Selon Watson & Dallwitz cette famille comprend espèces réparties en près de 140 genres. En France, c'est la famille de la Ramondie des Pyrénées ("Ramonda myconi"), une petite plante à rosette et à fleurs mauves, endémique du massif pyrénéen. | [
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12248,
2
] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
List of censors of the Roman Republic | Liste de censeurs romains | This list of Roman censors includes all holders through to its subsumption under that of Roman emperor in 22BC. Censors were elected by the Centuriate Assembly and served as a duo. Censors were elected to take an account of all citizens and their property value before performing a rite of religious purification. Roman taxes were levied based on the censors' account, and the censors could punitively tax citizens who failed to present at the census or falsely accounted for their property. | Cette liste de censeurs romains regroupe les noms des censeurs qui nous sont parvenus. Ce sont des magistrats chargés de la "censura". Ils gèrent le "census", le registre enregistrant les citoyens romains et leurs possessions. Ils sont toujours au nombre de deux. | [
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5,
2
] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Rail profile | Rail | The rail profile is the cross sectional shape of a railway rail, perpendicular to its length. Early rails were made of wood, cast iron or wrought iron. All modern rails are hot rolled steel with a cross section (profile) approximate to an I-beam, but asymmetric about a horizontal axis (however see grooved rail below). The head is profiled to resist wear and to give a good ride, and the foot profiled to suit the fixing system. | Un rail est une barre d’acier profilée. Deux files parallèles de rails mis bout à bout forment une voie ferrée. Ils reposent alors généralement sur des traverses pour conserver un écartement constant. | [
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Phyllanthaceae | Phyllanthaceae | Phyllanthaceae is a family of flowering plants in the eudicot order Malpighiales. It is most closely related to the family Picrodendraceae. | La famille des Phyllanthacées est une famille de plantes dicotylédones qui comprend 1725 espèces réparties en 56 genres. Ce sont des plantes herbacées, des arbustes ou des arbres auparavant classés dans la famille des "Euphorbiaceae" selon la Classification de Cronquist. La famille inclut aussi le genre "Hymenocardia", précédemment placé dans la famille des "Hymenocardiaceae" par certains auteurs. La classification phylogénétique place cette famille dans l'ordre des Malpighiales. | [
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Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz | Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz | Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz (25 October 1920 – 14 February 2002) was a member of the French Resistance and served as president of ATD Quart Monde. Her uncle was General Charles de Gaulle. | Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz, née le à Saint-Jean-de-Valériscle et morte le à Paris, est une résistante française puis militante des droits humains et de la lutte contre la pauvreté. | [
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French Football Federation | Fédération française de football | The French Football Federation (FFF) () is the governing body of football in France. It also includes the overseas departments (Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique, Mayotte and Réunion) and the overseas collectivities (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna, Saint Pierre and Miquelon and Saint Barthélemy-Saint Martin) and also in Monaco. It was formed in 1919 and is based in the capital, Paris. The FFF was a founding member of FIFA and is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the game of football in France, both professional and amateur. The French Football Federation is a founding member of UEFA and joined FIFA in 1907 after replacing the USFSA, who were founding members. | La Fédération française de football (FFF) est une association française, fondée le sous le nom de Fédération française de football association (FFFA), regroupant les clubs de football de France et de Monaco et chargée de l'organisation de la pratique du football en France, notamment des compétitions nationales et des matchs internationaux des équipes de France. | [
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Hephthalites | Shvetahûna | The Hephthalites (Bactrian: ηβοδαλο, "Ebodalo"), sometimes called the White Huns, were a people who lived in Central Asia and South Asia during the 5th to 8th centuries. Militarily important during 450 to 560, they were based in Bactria and expanded east to the Tarim Basin, west to Sogdia and south through Afghanistan to northern India. They were a tribal confederation and included both nomadic and settled urban communities. They were part of the four major states known collectively as "Xyon" (Xionites) or "Huna", being preceded by the Kidarites, and succeeded by the Alkhon and lastly the Nezak. All of these peoples have often been linked to the Huns who invaded Eastern Europe during the same period, and/or have been referred to as "Huns", but there is no consensus among scholars about such a connection. | Les Huns blancs, nommés par les indiens en sanskrit : Shvetahuna (IAST śvetahūna, de "śveta", blanc et "hūna", hun), Hephthalites par les Grecs, Yeta, Yàdā (sinogramme traditionnel 嚈噠) ou Yàndá (sinogramme traditionnel 厭達, sinogramme simplifié 厌哒) par les Chinois (*"Iep-t'ien" en moyen chinois ; se dirait "yip-daat" ou "yim-daat" en cantonais) sont un peuple nomade établi sur un vaste espace triangulaire entre la mer d'Aral au Nord-Ouest, le lac Bosten au Nord-Est et le au Sud. On les rattache généralement aux autres peuples appelés Huns. Ils ont joué un rôle important dans l'histoire de l'Asie centrale, de la Perse et de l'Inde. | [
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Ripuarian Franks | Francs rhénans | Ripuarian or Rhineland Franks (Latin: Ripuarii or Ribuarii) were one of the two main groupings of early Frankish people, and specifically it was the name eventually applied to the tribes who settled in the old Roman territory of the Ubii, with its capital at Cologne on the Rhine river in modern Germany. Their western neighbours were the Salii, or "Salian Franks", who were named already in late Roman records, and settled with imperial permission within the Roman Empire in what is today the southern part of the Netherlands, and Belgium, and later expanded their influence into the northern part of France above the Loire river, creating a Frankish empire. | Les Francs rhénans désigne une partie du peuple franc au, installée sur le cours moyen du Rhin autour de Cologne, dans l'actuelle Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie (Allemagne). Auparavant, ils étaient parfois désignés sous le nom de Francs transrhénans. Ces Francs se sont regroupés au cours de la seconde moitié du pour fonder un royaume à Cologne, qui est intégré dans le royaume franc de Clovis. À partir du, ils sont désignés sous le nom de Francs ripuaires, c'est-à-dire en latin francs des rives (latin "Ripuarii", v.h.all. "Rīfera"), en l'occurrence du Rhin. | [
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Maurice Leenhardt | Maurice Leenhardt | Maurice Leenhardt (9 March 1878 – 26 January 1954), was a French pastor and ethnologist specialising in the Kanak people of New Caledonia. | Jean Henri Maurice Leenhardt, né à Montauban le et mort à Paris le, est un pasteur, ethnologue et missiologue français. Spécialiste du peuple kanak, il est missionnaire en Nouvelle-Calédonie de 1902 à 1926, puis ethnologue et universitaire de 1942 à sa mort. | [
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François Quesnay | François Quesnay | François Quesnay (; 4 June 1694 – 16 December 1774) was a French economist and physician of the Physiocratic school. He is known for publishing the "Tableau économique" (Economic Table) in 1758, which provided the foundations of the ideas of the Physiocrats. This was perhaps the first work attempting to describe the workings of the economy in an analytical way, and as such can be viewed as one of the first important contributions to economic thought. His "Le Despotisme de la Chine", written in 1767, describes Chinese politics and society, and his own political support for constitutional despotism. | François Quesnay, né le à Méré et mort le à Versailles, est un médecin et économiste français, et l'un des fondateurs de la première école en économie, l'école des physiocrates. Il est l'auteur du "Tableau économique" (1758), qui est la première représentation schématique de l'économie. | [
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SFR | SFR | SFR "(Société française du radiotéléphone)" is a French mobile communications company that serves millions of households in France. As of December 2015, it has 21.9 million customers in Metropolitan France for mobile services, and provides 6.35 million households with high-speed internet access. | La Société française du radiotéléphone, SFR, est un opérateur de télécommunications français, branche regroupant les activités télécoms d'Altice France. Cette société est créée par la Compagnie générale des eaux en 1987. Possédée entièrement par Vivendi depuis 2011, elle est rachetée par Altice en 2014, pour former le groupe Numericable-SFR. En 2016 naît SFR Group, un groupe Télécom, Média et Publicité. La marque Numericable n'est utilisée par le groupe que pour son bouquet de chaînes de télévision. | [
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Baritone saxophone | Saxophone baryton | The baritone saxophone or "bari sax" is one of the larger members of the saxophone family, only being smaller than the bass, contrabass and subcontrabass saxophones. It is the lowest-pitched saxophone in common use. The baritone saxophone uses a mouthpiece, reed, and ligature in order to produce sound. It is larger than the tenor, alto and soprano saxophones, which are the other commonly found members of the family. The baritone saxophone is commonly used in concert bands, chamber music, military bands, jazz (such as big bands and jazz combos). It also is occasionally employed in marching bands, though less frequently than other saxophones due to its size and weight. | Le saxophone baryton est un instrument de musique à vent, de la catégorie des bois, parmi les tessitures les plus graves de la famille des saxophones. Comme les autres saxophones, le saxophone baryton est un instrument transpositeur. Il sonne une octave en dessous du saxophone alto, en miformula_1 : le son entendu est une octave plus une sixte majeure en dessous de la note jouée. Historiquement, son registre (notes jouées et non entendues) commençait au siformula_1 grave (sous la portée de clé de sol), mais la grande majorité des instruments actuels atteint en plus le "la" grave. Sur les deux photos à droite, on voit que l'ancien Conn a un pavillon plus court tandis que le pavillon du Selmer plus récent remonte beaucoup plus haut et possède un quatrième tampon pour obtenir le "la" grave. Dans les aigües, il va jusqu'au fa♯ (au-dessus de la même portée). Toutefois, certains musiciens parviennent à atteindre des notes supérieures appelées suraigu. Le saxophone baryton se distingue des autres saxophones par son bocal qui comporte une boucle, ce qui permet à l'instrument de conserver une taille raisonnable. Une autre particularité est le doigté qui comporte une clé supplémentaire permettant d'atteindre le la grave, correspondant au do grave du violoncelle (les autres instruments se contentant de descendre jusqu'au siformula_1). | [
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Alto saxophone | Saxophone alto | The alto saxophone, also referred to as the alto sax or simply the alto, is a member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments invented by Belgian instrument designer Adolphe Sax in the 1840s, and patented in 1846. It is pitched in E, and is smaller than the tenor, but larger than the soprano. The alto sax is the most common saxophone and is commonly used in popular music, concert bands, chamber music, solo repertoire, military bands, marching bands, and jazz (such as big bands, jazz combos, swing music). The fingerings of the different saxophones are all the same so a saxophone player can play any type of saxophone. | Le saxophone alto est un instrument de musique à vent, de la famille des saxophones et des bois. Sa tonalité est en miformula_1. | [
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L'Oréal | L'Oréal | L'Oréal S.A. is a French personal care company headquartered in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine with a registered office in Paris. It is the world's largest cosmetics company and has developed activities in the field concentrating on hair colour, skin care, sun protection, make-up, perfume, and hair care. | L’Oréal est un groupe industriel français de produits cosmétiques. La société, créée par Eugène Schueller le, est de nos jours devenue un groupe international, numéro un mondial de l'industrie cosmétique. | [
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null |
Mean value theorem | Théorème des accroissements finis | In mathematics, the mean value theorem states, roughly, that for a given planar arc between two endpoints, there is at least one point at which the tangent to the arc is parallel to the secant through its endpoints. | En analyse, le théorème des accroissements finis (en abrégé : TAF) est à la fois une généralisation et un corollaire du théorème de Rolle. Pour toute fonction dérivable d'une variable réelle, son taux d'accroissement entre deux valeurs est réalisable comme pente d'une des tangentes à son graphe. | [
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Kingdom of East Anglia | Royaume d'Est-Anglie | The Kingdom of the East Angles (; ), today known as the Kingdom of East Anglia, was a small independent kingdom of the Angles comprising what are now the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk and perhaps the eastern part of the Fens. The kingdom formed in the 6th century in the wake of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain. It was ruled by the Wuffingas dynasty in the 7th and 8th centuries, but fell to Mercia in 794, and was conquered by the Danes in 869, to form part of the Danelaw. It was conquered by Edward the Elder and incorporated into the Kingdom of England in 918. | L'Est-Anglie (' en anglais), ou royaume des Angles de l'Est, est un royaume anglo-saxon couvrant les actuels comtés anglais du Suffolk et du Norfolk au Haut Moyen Âge. | [
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Vinci SA | Vinci (entreprise) | Vinci, corporately styled VINCI, is a French concessions and construction company founded in 1899 as Société Générale d'Enterprises. Its head office is in Rueil-Malmaison, in the western suburbs of Paris. Vinci is listed on Euronext's Paris stock exchange and is a member of the Euro Stoxx 50 index. | Vinci, anciennement Société générale d'entreprises (SGE), est la deuxième entreprise mondiale des métiers des concessions et de la construction, employant 222 397 salariés à travers le monde. L'activité de Vinci s'organise autour de 5 pôles de métiers : Vinci Autoroutes, Vinci Concessions, Vinci Énergies, Eurovia et Vinci Construction. En 2019 l'entreprise est présente dans plus de 100 pays et son chiffre d'affaires est de 48,053 milliards d'euros en 2019. | [
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Connecting rod | Bielle (mécanique) | A connecting rod, also called a con rod, is the part of a piston engine which connects the piston to the crankshaft. Together with the crank, the connecting rod converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotation of the crankshaft. The connecting rod is required to transmit the compressive and tensile forces from the piston, and rotate at both ends. | En mécanique, une bielle est une pièce dotée de deux articulations, une à chaque extrémité, dans le but de transmettre une force, un mouvement ou une position. L'articulation à chaque extrémité de la bielle peut être un pivot ou une rotule. | [
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Eurosport | Eurosport | Eurosport is a pan-European television sports network, owned and operated by Discovery, Inc. Discovery took a 20 per cent minority interest share in December 2012, and became the majority shareholder in the Eurosport venture with TF1 in January 2014, taking a 51 per cent share of the company. On 22 July 2015 Discovery agreed to acquire TF1's remaining 49 per cent stake in the venture. | Le Groupe Eurosport s'est construit autour de la chaîne de télévision sportive pan-européenne Eurosport, diffusée par câble, satellite, télévision numérique terrestre, télévision sur IP, ainsi que sur les applications pour smartphone. Il appartient au groupe américain Discovery Communications | [
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Epona | Épona | In Gallo-Roman religion, Epona was a protector of horses, ponies, donkeys, and mules. She was particularly a goddess of fertility, as shown by her attributes of a patera, cornucopia, ears of grain and the presence of foals in some sculptures. She and her horses might also have been leaders of the soul in the after-life ride, with parallels in Rhiannon of the Mabinogion. The worship of Epona, "the sole Celtic divinity ultimately worshipped in Rome itself", as the patroness of cavalry, was widespread in the Roman Empire between the first and third centuries AD; this is unusual for a Celtic deity, most of whom were associated with specific localities. | Épona ou Épone (en latin "Ĕpŏnă", en grec ancien ) était une déesse très populaire de la mythologie celtique gauloise dont le culte est attesté en Gaule par des sources gallo-romaines. | [
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