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Danielle Richards|John A. Morren|Erik P. Pioro
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Time to diagnosis and factors affecting diagnostic delay in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
| 2,020 |
The Neurological Institute|Cleveland Clinic|The Neurological Institute|Cleveland Clinic|Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine|The Neurological Institute|Cleveland Clinic
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als progressive degenerative neuromuscular disease limited treatment options diagnosis als challenging numerous reasons resulting delays may compromise optimal management enrollment clinical trials several studies examined process challenges regarding clinical diagnosis als twentyone studies almost exclusively english literature published 1990 2020 identified via pubmed using relevant search terms included patient populations united states canada japan egypt several countries south america europe probable definitive als patients identified using el escorial revised el escorialairlie house criteria time diagnosis diagnostic delay defined mean median time patientreported first symptom onset formal diagnosis physician recorded medical records typical time diagnosis 1016 months symptom onset several points delay diagnosis course identified including specialist referrals misdiagnoses often resulting unnecessary procedures surgeries bulbar onset noted significantly reduce time als diagnosis future interventions potential research opportunities reviewed
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https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6832a2
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Rodney L. Mott
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Invalid Ballots Under the Hare System of Proportional Representation
| 1,926 |
University of Chicago
|
abstract available content preview provided access content full pdf available via save pdf action button
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https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-8-16
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Robert H. Bates
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Area Studies and the Discipline: A Useful Controversy?
| 1,997 |
Harvard University Press
|
abstract available content preview provided please use get access link information access content
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-8903.2011.00627.x
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Jay Belsky|Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
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What works for whom? Genetic moderation of intervention efficacy
| 2,015 |
University of California, Davis|Leiden University
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abstract available content access content full html content provided page pdf content also available save pdf action button
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.020
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James W. Varni|Brian D. Stucky|David Thissen|Esi Morgan DeWitt|Debra E. Irwin|Jin Shei Lai|Karin Yeatts|Darren A. DeWalt
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PROMIS Pediatric Pain Interference Scale: An Item Response Theory Analysis of the Pediatric Pain Item Bank
| 2,010 |
Texas A&M University|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|Northwestern University|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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aim national institutes health nih patient reported outcomes measurement information system promis initiative develop item banks computerized adaptive tests cat applicable across wide variety chronic disorders promis pediatric cooperative group concentrated development pediatric selfreport item banks ages 8 17 years objective present study describe item response theory irt analysis nih promis pediatric pain item bank measurement properties new unidimensional promis pediatric pain interference scale test forms containing pediatric pain items completed total 3048 respondents irt analyses regarding scale dimensionality item local dependence differential item functioning conducted pain item pool developed yield scores tscore scale mean 50 standard deviation 10 recommended 8item unidimensional short form promis pediatric pain interference scale contains item set provides maximum test information mean 50 tscore metric simulated cat computed provides information 5 possible score locations 30 40 50 60 70 tscore metricthe present study provides initial calibrations nih promis pediatric pain item bank creation promis pediatric pain interference scale anticipated new scale application pediatric chronic recurrent pain
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https://doi.org/10.4148/2637-4552.1004
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Michael Assel|Susan H. Landry|Paul R. Swank|Susan B. Gunnewig
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An evaluation of curriculum, setting, and mentoring on the performance of children enrolled in pre-kindergarten
| 2,006 |
The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston|The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston|The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston|The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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alarming number american preschool children lack sufficient language literacy skills succeed kindergarten type curriculum available within prekindergarten settings impact childrens academic readiness work presents results evaluation two language literacy curricula ie lets begin letter people doors discovery random assignment study occurred within three settings ie head start title 1 universal prekindergarten included control group design included mentoring non mentoring condition balanced across sites either curriculum condition pre posttest design utilized analyses children n 603 tested intervention end year multilevel growth curve modeling child outcomes dependent measures modeled function childs level performance rate growth pre posttesting used analyses results indicated many key languageliteracy areas skills children classrooms using either one target curricula grew greater rates children control classrooms especially true head start programs findings study indicate atrisk children benefit wellspecified curriculum additionally findings demonstrate welldetailed curriculum appeared less important children higher income families impact mentoring less clear seemed dependent type skill measured type program
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https://doi.org/10.1097/iyc.0b013e3181abe169
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Dhaneshwar Ghura
|
Tax Revenue in Sub-Saharan Africa: Effects of Economic Policies and Corruption
| 1,998 |
International Monetary Fund
|
analysis data 39 subsaharan african countries 198596 indicates variations tax revenuegdp ratios within group influenced economic policies level corruptionnamely ratios rise declining inflation implementation structural reforms rising human capital proxy provision public services government declining corruptionthe paper confirms tax revenue ratio rises income elements countrys tax base share agriculture gdp degree openness influence tax revenue
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2015.03.008
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Bonnie Gratch-Lindauer
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Comparing the regional accrediation standards: outcomes assessment and other trends
| 2,002 |
City College of San Francisco
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analysis current draft standards relevant supporting documentation regional accreditation commissions reveals greater emphasis outcomes assessment distance education information literacy encouragement collaboration innovation experimentation teaching learning article discusses trends standards makes recommendations academic libraries
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https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210802696104
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Pradeep Maxwell Dass
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Understanding the Nature of Scientific Enterprise (NOSE) through a Discourse with Its History: The Influence of an Undergraduate ?History of Science? Course
| 2,005 |
Appalachian State University
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appropriate understanding nature scientific enterprise nose key element scientific literacy arguably influenced exploration history science elective undergraduate history science course organized form smallgroup discussionbased inquiries history science ancient modern times group discussions focused statements critical significance socs prepared individual students assigned readings prior class meeting smallgroup discussions followed synthesis facilitated instructor points raised socs ideas central reading overarching goal activities help students see multifaceted nature scientific enterprise context social political cultural religious milieu time period geographic setting within specific scientific activities developments took place impact course student understanding nose assessed use views sciencetechnologysociety vosts instrument administered pre posttest qualitative data regarding student understanding nose furnished final exam nose written form socs end semester results based four semesters course offering indicate modest gains student understanding specific aspects nose discussed along usefulness smallgroup discussionbased inquiries history science way enhancing scientific literacy undergraduate science education
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https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.612.208
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Kate Zoellner|Sue Samson|Samantha Hines
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Continuing Assessment of Library Instruction to Undergraduates: A General Education Course Survey Research Project
| 2,008 |
University of Montana
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assessment project conducted mansfield library evaluate teaching content research module embedded popular undergraduate course introduction public speaking part university montanas general education requirement project aimed develop internal benchmarks improve curricula needed pre postsurveys developed assess student research confidence perceptions information tools web evaluation abilities assistanceseeking attitudes data 426 student responses analyzed using qualitative quantitative methods process results analysis project discussed
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-010-1453-3
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Andrew Mackinnon|Kathleen M Griffiths|Helen Christensen
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Comparative randomised trial of online cognitive–behavioural therapy and an information website for depression: 12-month outcomes
| 2,008 |
Australian National University|Australian National University|Australian National University
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earlier paper reported positive outcomes immediately following access cognitivebehavioural therapy cbt internet intervention depression information websiteto determine 6month 12month outcomes interventions relative placebo control conditionparticipants allocated depression information website condition cbt internet intervention placebo control condition followed 6 12 months survey primary outcome measure center epidemiologic studiesdepression cesd scale 525 participants recruited 79 completed assigned intervention 60 retained 12month followup attrition handled using mixedmodel repeatedmeasures anovaboth cbt site depression information sites associated statistically significant benefits cesd score reduction compared controls posttest 6months followup reduction seen people allocated cbt arm remained significant whereas depression information website arm 12 months active interventions statistically significantly superior control conditionthere evidence benefits brief internet interventions retained beyond endpoint impact human support provided interviewers trial must considered comparing outcomes routine use internet interventions
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https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01680043
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Xuesong Han|K. Robin Yabroff|Gery P. Guy|Zhiyuan Zheng|Ahmedin Jemal
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Has recommended preventive service use increased after elimination of cost-sharing as part of the Affordable Care Act in the United States?
| 2,015 |
American Cancer Society|National Cancer Institute|National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|American Cancer Society|American Cancer Society
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early provision affordable care act aca eliminated costsharing range recommended preventive services provision took effect september 2010 little known effect preventive service usewe evaluated changes use recommended preventive services 2009 implementation aca costsharing provision 20112012 implementation medical expenditure panel survey nationally representative household interview survey us specifically examined blood pressure check cholesterol check flu vaccination cervical breast colorectal cancer screening controlling demographic characteristics stratifying insurance typethere 64280 21310 42970 implementation aca costsharing provision adults included analyses receipt recent blood pressure check cholesterol check flu vaccination increased significantly 2009 20112012 primarily privately insured population aged 1864years adjusted prevalence ratios 95 confidence intervals 103 101105 blood pressure check 113 109118 cholesterol check 104 100108 flu vaccination pvalues005 however changes observed cancer screening observed little change uninsured populationthese early observations suggest positive benefits aca policy eliminating costsharing preventive services future research warranted monitor evaluate longer term effects aca access care health outcomes
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-020-03146-3
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Pradeep Deshmukh
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Design of cloud security in the EHR for Indian healthcare services
| 2,017 | null |
ease data record sharing compelled physicians adopt ehr electronic health record recordkeeping patients also makes convenient stake holders healthcare ecosystem nurses specialists patient due lower costs scalability application cloud becoming infrastructure ehr without comprising privacy data paper proposed frame work storing health records accessing patients physicians authorized keycontrol scheme scenarios considered rural urban health care centers hence appropriate indian health care services proposed scheme double data security introducing isolation encryption schemes transmitted data stored data experimental result shows capability scaling number patients also elements health record
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https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474747206002629
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Robert C. Allen
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Progress and poverty in early modern Europe
| 2,003 | null |
econometric model economic development estimated data leading european countries 1300 1800 model explores impact population enclosure empire representative government technology literacy urbanization agricultural productivity protoindustry real wage simulations show main factors leading economic success northwestern europe growth american asian commerce especially innovations underlying export new draperies sixteenth seventeenth centuries enclosure open fields representative government spread literacy play major roles
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https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/20.78.907
|
Hussein Haruna|Xiao Hu|Samuel Kai Wah Chu|Robin R. Mellecker|Goodluck Gabriel|Patrick Siril Ndekao
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Improving Sexual Health Education Programs for Adolescent Students through Game-Based Learning and Gamification
| 2,018 |
University of Hong Kong|University of Hong Kong|University of Hong Kong|University of Hong Kong|Institute of Finance Management
|
effective innovative pedagogy sexual health education required meet demands technology savvy digital natives study investigates extent gamebased learning gbl gamification could improve sexual health education adolescent students conducted randomized control trial gbl gamification experimental conditions made comparison traditional teaching control condition order establish differences three teaching conditions sexual health education topics delivered masked fashion 40min week five weeks mixedmethod research approach uses assess analyze results 120 students secondary school dar es salaam tanzania students divided groups 40 three teaching methods gbl gamification control group traditional teaching method average posttest scores gbl mean 7994 sd 11169 gamification mean 7923 sd 9186 significantly higher control group mean 5193 sd 18705 f 2 117 5475 p 0001 overall statistically significant differences p 005 found constructs motivation attitude knowledge engagement make study suggests two innovative teaching approaches used improve sexual health education adolescent students methods potentially contribute socially particularly improving sexual health behaviour adolescents knowledge regions plagued years sexual health problems including hivaids
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https://doi.org/10.1145/2909824.3020229
|
Matthew M. Kurtz|James C. Seltzer|Dana Shagan|Warren Thime|Bruce E. Wexler
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Computer-assisted cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: What is the active ingredient?
| 2,007 |
Yale University|Institute for Community Living|Institute for Community Living|Institute for Community Living|Institute for Community Living|Yale University
|
emerging body research shown computerassisted cognitive remediation consisting training attention memory language andor problemsolving produces improvement neurocognitive function generalizes untrained neurocognitive tests may also impact symptoms work functioning patients schizophrenia active ingredient interventions however remains unknown control groups studies typically included elements complex behavioral treatments study compared effects extended 12month standardized computerassisted cognitive remediation intervention computerskills training control condition consisted many elements experimental intervention including hours spent computer interaction clinician nonspecific cognitive stimulation fortytwo patients schizophrenia randomly assigned one two conditions assessed comprehensive neuropsychological test battery treatment results revealed cognitiveremediation training produced significant improvement working memory relative computersskills training control condition overall improvement groups measures working memory reasoningexecutivefunction verbal spatial episodic memory processing speed taken together findings suggest specific practice neurocognitive exercises targeted attention memory language produce improvements neurocognitive function solely attributable nonspecific stimulation associated working computer interacting clinician cognitive challenge nonspecific stimulation salutary effect neurocognition well
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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030289
|
A. Simon Pickard|Hsi?Hsun Lin|Sara J. Knight|Roohollah Sharifi|Zhigang Wu|Shih Ying Hung|Whitney P. Witt|Chih Hung Chang|Charles L. Bennett
|
Proxy Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in African American and White Respondents With Prostate Cancer
| 2,009 |
Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital|Northwestern University|University of Illinois at Chicago|University of Illinois at Chicago|San Francisco VA Medical Center|University of California, San Francisco|University of Illinois at Chicago|Jesse Brown VA Medical Center|University of Illinois at Chicago|Jesse Brown VA Medical Center|Northwestern University|Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital|University of Illinois at Chicago|University of Illinois at Chicago|Northwestern University|Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital|San Francisco VA Medical Center|University of California, San Francisco|Northwestern University|Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital|Jesse Brown VA Medical Center
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emerging issue proxy literature whether specifying different proxy viewpoints contributes different healthrelated quality life hrql assessments might perspective informative medical decision making aims study determine informal caregiver assessments patients prostate cancer differed prompted patient perspective proxypatient viewpoint proxyproxy identify factors associated differences proxy perspectives ie intraproxy gapusing crosssectional design prostate cancer patients informal caregivers recruited urology clinics jesse brown veterans affairs healthcare system chicago dyads assessed hrql using eq5d visual analog scale vas eortc qlqc30of 87 dyads caregivers female 83 spousespartners 58 mean difference scores proxypatient proxyproxy perspectives statistically significant qlqc30 physical emotional functioning vas p 005 proxypatient perspective closer patient selfreport emotional functioning largest difference mean 60 sd 128 effect size 047 factors weakly correlated intraproxy gap included relationship spouse proxy gender role functioning health literacy limitedfunctional physical functioning p 005 020 r 035meaningful differences proxypatient proxyproxy perspectives mental health consistent conceptual framework understanding proxy perspectives prompting different proxy viewpoints patient health could help clinicians identify patients may benefit clinical intervention
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.09.008
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David Autor
|
The “task approach” to labor markets: an overview
| 2,013 |
IIT@MIT
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emerging literature argues changes allocation workplace tasks capital labor domestic foreign workers altered structure labor demand industrialized countries fostered employment polarizationthat rising employment highest lowest paid occupations analyzing phenomenon within canonical production function framework challenging however assignment tasks labor capital canonical model essentially static essay sketches alternative model assignment skills tasks based upon comparative advantage reviews key conceptual practical challenges researchers face bringing task approach data cautions two common pitfalls pervade growing task literature conclude cautiously optimistic forecast potential task approach illuminate interactions among skill supplies technological capabilities trade offshoring opportunities shaping aggregate demand skills assignment skills tasks evolution wages
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https://doi.org/10.1080/02643290500538398
|
Nienke Moolenaar
|
A Social Network Perspective on Teacher Collaboration in Schools: Theory, Methodology, and Applications
| 2,012 |
University of Twente|University of California, San Diego
|
emerging trend educational research use social network theory methodology understand teacher collaboration support constrain teaching learning educational change article provides critical synthesis educational literature school social networks among educators advance understanding embeddedness teachers social context schools focuses researchers currently use social network perspective theoretical lens methodology frame studies teacher collaboration schools building exemplary findings recent studies shows pattern social relationships among teachers may significantly enhance understanding ways teacher collaboration takes place contributes student learning teachers instructional practice implementation reform finally limitations future directions conceptualization measurement analysis school social networks indicated
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2018.07.003
|
A. Cecile J.W. Janssens|P. Kraft
|
Research Conducted Using Data Obtained through Online Communities: Ethical Implications of Methodological Limitations
| 2,012 |
Erasmus MC|Emory University|Harvard University
|
essay cecile janssens peter kraft discusses limitations inherent research involving collection selfreported data selfselected participants makes proposals upfront communication limitations study participants
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2009.03.004
|
Elias Charles|Deborah S.K. Thomas|Deborah Dewey|Mark Davey|Sospatro E. Ngallaba|Eveline T. Konje
|
A cross-sectional survey on knowledge and perceptions of health risks associated with arsenic and mercury contamination from artisanal gold mining in Tanzania
| 2,013 |
Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences|University of Colorado Denver|University of Calgary|Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences|Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences
|
estimated 05 15 million informal miners 3050 women rely artisanal mining livelihood tanzania mercury used processing gold ore arsenic constituent ores common occupational exposures frequently result widespread environmental contamination frequently mining activities conducted haphazardly without regard environmental occupational community exposure primary objective study assess community risk knowledge perception potential mercury arsenic toxicity andor exposure artisanal gold mining rwamagasa northwestern tanzaniaa crosssectional survey respondents five subvillages rwamagasa village located geita district northwestern tanzania near lake victoria conducted area history artisanal gold mining many population continue work miners using clustered random selection approach recruitment total 160 individuals 18 years age completed structured interviewthe interviews revealed wide variations knowledge risk perceptions concerning mercury arsenic exposure 406 n65 894 n143 aware health effects mercury arsenic exposure respectively males significantly knowledgeable n59 369 females n36 225 regard mercury x399 p005 individuals occupation category associated level knowledge x2282 p0001 individuals involved mining n63 732 knowledgeable negative health effects mercury individuals occupations individuals n17 106 knew arsenic toxicity majority n10 588 minersthe knowledge individuals living rwamagasa tanzania area history artisanal gold mining varied widely regard health hazards mercury arsenic communities limited awareness threats health associated exposure mercury arsenic lack knowledge combined minimal environmental monitoring controlled waste management practices highlights need health education surveillance policy changes
|
https://doi.org/10.28945/294
|
Anne C C Lee|Pratik Panchal|Lian V. Folger|Hilary Whelan|Rachel Whelan|Bernard Rosner|Hannah Blencowe|Joy E Lawn
|
Diagnostic Accuracy of Neonatal Assessment for Gestational Age Determination: A Systematic Review
| 2,017 |
Harvard University|Harvard Global Health Institute|OpenBiome|University of Rochester Medical Center|Community Partners|Harvard University|Brigham and Women's Hospital|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
|
estimated 15 million neonates born preterm annually however low middleincome countries dating pregnancy frequently unreliable unknownto conduct systematic literature review metaanalysis determine diagnostic accuracy neonatal assessments estimate gestational age gapubmed embase cochrane web science popline world health organization library databasesstudies liveborn infants researchers compared neonatal signs assessments ga estimation reference standardtwo independent reviewers extracted data study population design bias reference standard test methods accuracy agreement validity correlation interrater reliabilityfour thousand nine hundred fiftysix studies screened 78 included identified 18 newborn assessments ga estimation ranging 4 23 signs compared ultrasound dubowitz score dated 95 pregnancies within 26 weeks n 7 studies ballard score overestimated ga 04 weeks dated pregnancies within 38 weeks n 9 compared last menstrual period dubowitz score dated 95 pregnancies within 29 weeks n 6 studies ballard score 42 weeks n 5 assessments fewer signs tended less accurate studies showed tendency newborn assessments overestimate ga preterm infants underestimate ga growthrestricted infantspoor study quality studies early ultrasoundbased referenceefforts low middleincome countries focus improving dating pregnancy ultrasound improving validity growthrestricted populations ultrasound possible increased efforts needed develop simpler yet specific approaches newborn assessment new combinations existing parameters new signs technology
|
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40271-017-0278-0
|
Claire Hawcroft|Rachael A. Hughes|Amira Shaheen|Jinan Usta|Hannah Elkadi|Tom Dalton|Khadijah Ginwalla|Gene Feder
|
Prevalence and health outcomes of domestic violence amongst clinical populations in Arab countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
| 2,019 |
University of Bristol|University of Bristol|An-Najah National University|American University of Beirut Medical Center|University of Bristol|University of Bristol|University of Bristol|University of Bristol
|
estimated 30 women worldwide experience intimate partner violence ipv lifetime exposure ipv associated poor health outcomes prevalence violence may higher amongst women seeking healthcare existing evidence arab region limited conducted systematic review metaanalysis prevalence health outcomes domestic violence ipv violence family member clinical populations arab countries using terms related domestic violence arab countries date limit year 2000 searched seven databases medline embase psycinfo cinahl web science core collection ibss westlaw imemr included observational studies reporting estimates prevalence health outcomes domestic violence amongst women aged 15 years recruited accessing healthcare arab countries studies collected data onafter 1st january 2000 published english arabic french included titleabstract screening full text screening quality assessment data extraction carried extracted data summarised metaanalysis performed appropriate 6341 papers screened 41 papers 29 studies met inclusion criteria total 19101 participants 10 countries represented data metaanalysis produced pooled prevalence estimates lifetime exposure type ipv 733 95 ci 641816 physical ipv 356 95 ci 244475 sexual ipv 22 95 ci 13332 emotionalpsychological ipv 498 95 ci 373623 domestic violence ipv family violence exposure associated increased odds adverse health outcomes depression 33 95 ci 1764 sleep problems 32 95 ci 1568 abortion 35 95 ci 12102 pain 26 95 ci 1641 hypertension 16 95 ci 1220 domestic violence common amongst women seeking healthcare arab countries exposure domestic violence associated several poor health outcomes research domestic violence arab world required systematic review protocol registered prospero crd42017071415
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https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916519875180
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Nuadum Muriel Konne|Sarah Collier|Jennifer S. Spangler|Jennifer R. Cope
|
Healthy Contact Lens Behaviors Communicated by Eye Care Providers and Recalled by Patients — United States, 2018
| 2,019 |
AID Atlanta|Office of Science|Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services|AID Atlanta|Office of Science|Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services|AID Atlanta|Office of Science|Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services|AID Atlanta|Office of Science|Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services
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estimated 45 million us residents enjoy benefits contact lens wear many might increased risk complications stemming improper wear care behaviors 1 one serious complications contact lens wear corneal infection known microbial keratitis sometimes result reduced vision blindness 2 2014 50 contact lens wearers reported ever sleeping contact lenses 55 reported topping contact lens solutions 3 put greater risk contact lensrelated eye infection 24 data communication eye care providers contact lens wearers contact lens wear care recommendations limited two surveys conducted better understand assess contact lens education nine recommendations first assessed contact lens wearer experiences regarding recommendations received eye care providers recent appointment second evaluated providerreported practices communicating contact lens wear care recommendations patients one third 329 contact lens wearers aged 18 years recalled never hearing lens wear care recommendations fewer half 479 recalled hearing provider recommend sleeping lenses last visit 198 recalled told avoid topping contact lens solution majority providers reported sharing recommendations always time initial visits regular checkups complicationrelated visits providers reported sharing nearly recommendations frequently initial complicationrelated visits regular checkups nine recommendations safe contact lens wear care eye care providers regular checkups often recommend complying recommended lens replacement schedules 85 regular visits sleeping lenses 790 regular visits topping solutions 644 regular visits eye care providers play important role health contact lenswearing patients share health communication messages patients help educate healthy wear care habits findings assist creation health communication messages help encourage eye care providers communicate effectively patients
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https://doi.org/10.1079/phn2001166
|
David P. Miller|Caroline D Brownlee|Thomas P. McCoy|Michael Pignone
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The effect of health literacy on knowledge and receipt of colorectal cancer screening: a survey study
| 2,007 |
Wake Forest University|Johns Hopkins Medicine|Johns Hopkins University|Wake Forest University|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
|
estimated onehalf americans limited health literacy skills low literacy associated less receipt preventive services impact colorectal cancer crc screening unclear sought determine whether low literacy affects patients knowledge receipt crc screening pilot survey study patients aged 50 years older large universityaffiliated internal medicine practice assessed patients knowledge receipt crc screening basic sociodemographic information health literacy level defined limited literacy reading ninth grade level determined rapid estimate adult literacy medicine bivariate analyses exact logistic regression used determine association limited health literacy knowledge receipt crc screening approached 105 patients yield target sample 50 completing survey recruitment rate 48 subjects female 72 africanamerican 58 household incomes less 25000 87 overall 48 patients limited literacy skills 95 ci 35 61 limited literacy patients less likely adequate literacy patients able name describe crc screening test 50 vs 96 p 001 multivariable model limited literacy patients 44 less likely knowledgeable crc screening rr 056 p 001 selfreported screening rates similar 54 vs 58 p 088 patients limited literacy skills less likely knowledgeable crc screening compared adequate literacy patients primary care providers ensure patients understanding crc screening discussing screening options research needed determine educating low literacy patients crc screening increase screening rates
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https://doi.org/10.1080/01639269.2011.565405
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Emilie Ens|Gillian Towler|Cherry Daniels
|
Looking back to move forward: Collaborative ecological monitoring in remote Arnhem Land
| 2,012 |
Australian National University|Australian National University|Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|Tharawal Aboriginal
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estimated twenty per cent australia almost lies remote regions legally owned indigenous people altman et al 2007 last decades many indigenous communities established land sea management organisations known ranger groups fulfil cultural responsibilities looking country create jobs manage environmental threats blanch 2008 support communitybased initiatives governments australian government 2011 hoffmann et al 2012 nongovernment agencies fitzsimons et al 2012 moorcroft et al 2012 private sector russellsmith et al 2009 increasingly developed programmes assist indigenous australians living working country maintain conservation cultural values however financial support often coupled expectations demands increased accountability western notion see muller 2008 incorporation monitoring programmes demonstrate outcomes cultural natural resource management ncrm activities example federal governments monitoring evaluation reporting improvement framework limited implementation environmental outcome monitoring specific indigenous land management sector broader concern conservation sector australia australian national audit office 2008 internationally oecd 2002 however enable monitoring work outcomes baseline data information environmental threats technical capacity monitor report needed remote parts australia nonindigenous biodiversity ecological data scant technical capacity limited russellsmith et al 2009 however indigenous people inherited rich ecological knowledge ancestral country contains valuable prehistory baseline data eg russellsmith et al 1997 horstman wightman 2001 unfortunately many areas external influences associated colonisation dramatically affected customary lifestyles processes activities required effective ongoing intergenerational transmission knowledge although also renewed effort regain preserve knowledge present future generations mcconvell thieberger 2001 contemporary land management context documented examples indigenous knowledge used explain ecological change inform management see example russellsmith et al 1997 ens et al 2010 several reasons including lack crosscultural awareness language barriers differing forms knowledge storage use indigenous ecological knowledge largely oral written therefore tends devalued nonindigenous people result issues use indigenous ecological knowledge baseline data contested mainstream funding bodies tend request indigenous organisations use nonindigenous forms monitoring including measured outcomes communicated written reports situation presents significant challenge indigenous ranger groups particularly remote regions often low numeracy literacy skills contested governance structures hunt et al 2008 speak english first everyday language consequently situations nonindigenous people typically employed offer expertise coordination work indigenous people generally aspire regain control businesses livelihoods indigenous commentators argue need increased incorporation indigenous knowledge preferred methods work monitoring reporting sithole hunterxenie 2007 barbour schlesinger 2012 retaining meaningful useful elements nonindigenous methods knowledge also used address requirements funding bodies many examples indigenous people worked nonindigenous collaborators successfully facilitate crosscultural awareness different knowledge systems land management methods australia eg kennett et al 2004 russellsmith et al 2009 internationally eg luzar et al 2011 however many efforts fragmented space time lack longterm partnerships funding often failed deliver enough baseline data foresight encourage sustained research work particularly remote australia study looked back efforts evaluations indigenous engagement ncrm projects roughley williams 2007 sithole hunterxenie 2007 carter 2008 indigenous knowledge systems remote arnhem land collaboratively explore approaches could used enhance baseline data ecological monitoring local capacity remote indigenous land fig 1 bottomup communitybased ecological research methods preferred indigenous land managers rarely pursued nonindigenous scientists sithole hunterxenie 2007 successes failures infrequently documented methods however needed guide continued development sector roughley williams 2007 carter 2008 hope following case studies southeastern western arnhem land northern australia contribute grounded understanding twoway knowledge methods used improve baseline data ecological monitoring capacity collaborative recording indigenous ecological knowledge manwurrk rangers local community members left right laura runggurwanga sylvia ragurrk jamie billess emmanuel namarnyilk salone djandjomerr gillian towler alesha daylight george watson photograph emilie ens anecdotal evidence suggests abundance feral ungulates horse equus caballus pig sus scrofa buffalo bubalis bubalis donkey equus asinus increased southeastern arnhem land since surveys carried bayliss yeomans 1989 similar many parts northern australia management thwarted local differences cultural ethical economic perceptions species robinson et al 2005 ens et al 2010 keen protect freshwater resources raise community awareness environmental cultural impacts feral ungulates yugul mangi rangers expressed interest fencing culturally significant billabongs close main township ngukurr fig 2 map arnhem land shaded area showing main townships larger dots outstationshomelands smaller dots warddeken indigenous protected area dashed line adjacent national parks heavy black line settlement data northern territory government july 2011 founder senior cultural advisor ranger group cherry daniels remembers times billabongs heavily used feral ungulates like supermarkets full bush foods including water chestnut eleocharis dulcis water lily nymphaea spp time however according cherry community yet born seen places looked like prior proliferation feral animals furthermore exception rangers many local people without transport tend stay ngukurr lack broader awareness threats changes natural cultural integrity ancestral lands objective project help community members look back better understand natural cultural impacts feral animals move forward develop informed strategic feral animal management plan included ecological cultural well economic considerations first aim build ecological cultural evidence impacts collaboratively developing monitoring programme included indigenous values methods contained enough scientific rigour facilitate broader applicability findings built local technical capacity monitoring 2009 yugul mangi rangers received small grant greening australia nt fence three culturally significant billabongs parts thereof near ngukurr costello namiliwirri nalawan billabongs selected rangers approval traditional owners although male rangers knowledge fence construction previous employment cattle industry felt comfortable hiring contractor expertise fence design could also purchase required materials equipment rangers found challenging based remote community funding conditional upon annual monitoring ecological outcomes 5 years early dry july late dry october seasons 2009 2010 ecological features three fenced three nearby unfenced billabongs monitored focus research include indigenous nonindigenous participants design implementation interpretation phases monitoring project traditional indigenous observational analysis change facilitated repeated visits visual comparison adjacent experimental exclosures control areas unfenced oral interpretation changes transmission knowledge western scientific quantitative monitoring methodology instigated included point intercept transect methods water quality testing visual estimates water lily cover photo points methods chosen allowed incorporation indigenous values agreed indicators healthy damaged billabongs overly technical scientific encourage uptake rangers trained western scientific methods involved statistically robust design promote scientific rigour indigenous indicators healthy damaged billabongs elicited informal discussions knowledgeable indigenous rangers rangers stated healthy billabongs feral animals flat ground lots native grass water lilies clear water said feral animal damage included buffalo horse pig tracks buffalo wallows pig diggings muddy water fewer lilies although parameters uniquely indigenous value rangers directly eg water lilies indirectly eg water quality effects edible useful flora fauna relate culturally important species rangers also previously received water quality testing training keen reapply skills information converted questions answers cybertracker see ansell koenig 2011 ens press data collection sequences removed need advanced numeracy literacy skills sequences uploaded onto touchscreen handheld computers trimble nomad primary author initially borrowed another ranger group prior acquiring funds purchase new units first sequence used assess ground surface eg buffalo wallow ground cover eg grass features one metre intervals along three randomly placed 100m transects situated water level second sequence used enter water quality data temperature ph conductivity turbidity five points around edge billabongs using electronic water quality metres also borrowed analysis variance anova statistical analyses data conducted using spss software version 170 spss inc chicago il usa nonindigenous collaborator space restrictions ground surface ground cover data presented since 2009 feral animals broken jumped upright fences however force 20092010 wet season floodwater pushed two three fences costello namiliwirri along perimeters perpendicular water flow third exclosure nalawan incurred minor damage flood debris following wet season sections fences costello namiliwirri reerected timely manner allowed animals enter despite rangers best intentions maintain exclosures said busy nonindigenous perspective lack organisational capacity local leadership appeared obvious reasons however continued reflection became apparent assumption adequately acknowledge complex historical cultural socioeconomic political factors influenced rangers understand value engage work expect nonindigenous people engage see mcraewilliams gerritson 2010 acknowledging different social environment following 20102011 wet season nonindigenous participants worked side side rangers repair fence two months fences installed visible signs water quality improvement particularly nalawan fig 3 community members surprised water went muddy clear blue 2 months asked whether fences could erected around billabongs country rangers point view project achieved rapid success raising community awareness feral animal impacts 2 years billabong health measured study fenced nalawan site continued improve fencing successfully excluded feral ungulates threefactor year fence season anova tests suggested nalawan 2 years ground within fenced area year fence table 1 became significantly flatter going 0 60 4 5 less feral animal damage going 40 0 4 5 native grass cover 4 5 unfenced area table 1 4 5 photographs nalawan billabong fences erected july 2009 2 months september 2009 b left photograph emilie ens right photograph elodie fache fenced left image unfenced areas right image nalawan august 2010 showing vigorous grass growth less feral animal pugging feral ungulates excluded photograph emilie ens mean percentages flat ground bare ground b total feral animal damage c grass cover fenced black bars unfenced white bars sites namiliwirri nalawan costello early eds late dry seasons lds 2009 2010 error bars represent two standard errors two sites costello namiliwirri anova showed feral animals entering fenced area much nonfenced area fig 5 analysis also showed yearly seasonal fluctuations feral animal visitations grass cover sites irrespective fence suggesting need longterm monitoring understand annual seasonal changes significantly less feral animal damage flat ground costello 2010 compared 2009 year season interaction effect grass cover costello bare ground namiliwirri table 1 fig 5 although results rapid recovery following feral animal exclusion surprising considering previous research eg braithwaite et al 1984 raised community awareness impacts feral ungulates primary research aim ranger confidence skills also enhanced evident rangers proud project community feedback presentations local ranger conferences article local ngukurr newsletter warddeken indigenous protected area ipa covers 13 950 km2 western arnhem land fig 2 approximately half arnhem plateau bioregion bioregion one highest levels plant endemism australia 172 plant species occurring nowhere else woinarski et al 2006 paucity herbarium plant records arnhem land data bioregion come kakadu national park hence research warddeken ipa may detect even higher levels endemism according warddeken ipa technical information document warddeken land management limited 2009 northern territory nt herbarium records 1238 vascular plant species within ipa boundary 26 represented 1 specimen 63 less five little known distribution taxa biological inventory arnhem plateau regarded research priority national land water resources audit 2002 similarly considerable indigenous ecological knowledge exists danger passed complex socioeconomic historical factors indigenous ecological knowledge active knowledge requires use kept alive particularly used adaptive management country berkes 1999 terrah guymala chairman warddeken board stated old people important resource important anything else need work much especially recording knowledge documenting passed must late go bonj thats end cant bring back warddeken land management limited 2010 p 3 given shortage information sources main objective project add botanical baseline data looking back seek existing information herbaria local indigenous knowledge sources build move forward use collaborative twoway indigenous nonindigenous methods complementary objective work promote twoway learning capacity building exchange nonindigenous indigenous botanical knowledge skills collaborative approaches therefore used generate shared knowledge participants could understand better inform local management planning document indigenous plant knowledge risk lost elders pass away project conducted 10 field trips 12 weeks warddeken ipa september 2008 november 2010 build twoway capacity collaborators embarked evolving adaptive approach explored combined indigenous nonindigenous ways building knowledge skills drawing available resources participants interests result project involved number collaborative initiatives development local herbarium collection involved taking local manwurrk rangers community members country places choosing conducting training nonindigenous plant collecting techniques specimen preparation field data recording many participants first time systematically collected plants purpose botanical assessment possible scientific local language names kundedjnjenghmi andor kunwinjku recorded nonindigenous indigenous participants using available printed electronic resources consultation community elders pressed specimens mounted labelled placed folders conjunction herbarium database developed using filemaker pro software program already used rangers create electronic profile plant addition standard collection details also included photographs information local customary uses seasonal availability plants unable identified field ranger office kabulwarnamyo fig 2 taken northern territory herbarium national herbarium new south wales australian national herbarium determination reincorporated ranger collection number specimens also formally lodged institutions permission traditional owners reciprocate crosscultural exchange information training rangers offered nonindigenous participants arnhem land early 2010 nonindigenous participants hosted two manwurrk rangers royal botanic gardens national herbarium new south wales sydney visit involved guided tour botanical collections discussions function herbaria value plant collections resources scientists land managers historians rangers proud see warddeken specimens herbarium indigenous plant name names collectors pointed specimen label conscious aim work recognise contributions indigenous plant collectors redress historical lack acknowledgement clarke 2008 2011 continued herbarium visit initiative supporting involvement two manwurrk rangers student botanical internship program australian national herbarium canberra fig 6 rangers participated first 2 weeks 7week programme deemed appropriate terms content training subject areas included australian flora principles plant identification curation botanical collections including mounting handling plant specimens plant collecting techniques field data recording map reading victor garlngarr mounting plant specimens part botanical internship program australian national herbarium canberra 2011 photograph sam bentleytoon addition development local herbarium plant database indigenous nonindigenous participants also filmed elders speaking local plants customary uses language sometimes english late 2010 visited three places mary kodjdjan kolkiwarra senior elder kabulwarnamyo community learn kunwinjku names uses plants placecentred stories fig 7 occasion group participants included five 15 community members aged five 70 three nonindigenous scientists work designed situate record practice indigenous knowledge directed elders community oncountry plant collecting trip left right amy namarnyilk mary kolkiwarra gill towler emilie ens larissa daylight emmanuel namarnyilk joylene cameron photograph sam bentleytoon following field work nonindigenous indigenous participants edited film footage ranger office using existing apple imac computers imovie software together participants interpreted language selected film footage added scientific names added indigenous names uses using local ethnobotanical reference garde et al 2003 end product 29min video documenting names uses 30 local plants bush products found onset tropical wet season kunumeleng 50 copies film made community members diverse crosscultural botanical surveys conducted far collected information 180 species interrogation australian virtual herbarium database nonindigenous participants found 8172 specimens representing 1327 vascular 57 nonvascular plant species collected within warddeken ipa fig 8 lodged australian herbaria nonindigenous scientists national data search added 258 species warddeken plant list records 18 vascular plant species documented collaborative research garde et al 2003 likely species occur within ipa large tracts land yet surveyed fig 8 fact figure 5 shows arnhem land large gaps documented plant diversity distribution knowledge especially compared adjacent kakadu national park 19 804 km2 37 422 specimens lodged national herbaria documenting 2000 plant taxa avh data accessed march 2011 herbarium specimen locations dots arnhem land adjacent national parks bold lines warddeken indigenous protected area shaded area data australian virtual herbarium march 2011 case studies demonstrated indigenous rangers nonindigenous scientists collaboratively explored ways build baseline data ecological monitoring capacity prelude future monitoring indigenous land management outcomes monitoring ecological values threats work effort beneficial acquiring funding reporting demonstrating accountability external stakeholders also requested indigenous rangers local skill development increased employment opportunities adaptive management accountability local communities projects could also address concerns national biodiversity ecological monitoring gaps anzec bdac 2001 particularly remote parts australia furthermore incorporating indigenous knowledge systems elements western science developed locally meaningful approaches recording using valuable threatened cultural knowledge contemporary land management promote indigenous control ownership engagement monitoring programmes detailed case studies use terms methods interest importance indigenous rangers integral see also barbour schlesinger 2012 two case studies employed different combinations indigenous nonindigenous knowledge skills methods successful engagement interest projects rangers demonstrated communication results within local broader community increased communication outcomes indigenous ranger effort also contribute greater crosscultural awareness understanding often raised constraint development indigenous ncrm sector broadly roughley williams 2007 important note case study 2 indigenous participants preferred use plant nomenclatural system reflecting commitment culture indigenous differentiation species differ western scientific classifications example kundedjnjenghmi speakers split western science calls buchanania obovata two species andudjmi anwodberr distinguished tree height garde et al 2003 require different fruit harvesting methods however many participants also wanted learn western systems classification botany evidenced interest herbarium visits participation botanical internship program furthermore nonindigenous participants interested learning indigenous botanical knowledge language names evidenced frequent use latter conversation indigenous participants important feature work reciprocal sharing knowledge skill expertise also place sharing place facilitated sharing situated knowledge important part indigenous learning sithole hunterxenie 2007 also helped build trust understanding collaborators use knowledge systems strengthened enriched twoway capacity building botanical data collection facilitated crosscultural awareness last often documented substantial constraint effective crosscultural research roughley williams 2007 sithole hunterxenie 2007 hoffmann et al 2012 research also promoted intergenerational transfer indigenous knowledge oncountry trips young older people indigenous participants interested engaged learning documenting plant diversity distributional information told elders actively used country eg digging yams cooking combination cultural historical stories also found form oncountry learning facilitated uptake methods baseline data collection herbarium collections videos still photography use computers especially younger people fig 1 research eg roughley williams 2007 elucidated local communities lack necessary degree local organisational governance capacity maintain longterm projects suggesting ongoing requirement nonindigenous involvement although ranger group research requested specific projects became evident organisational capacity strong enough develop consistently implement required activities independently first case study example yugul mangi rangers relied nonindigenous collaborators complete funding application forms organise fencing contractor instigate fence repairs suggest inability rangers inhibited effort rather different perceptions expectations around work roles indigenous nonindigenous collaborators mcraewilliams gerritson 2010 methodology also required continued input nonindigenous ecologist analysis cybertracker data envisaged local rangers may take interest numbers skills interest increases time consider important sustained commitment remains consideration scientists intend working indigenous rangers remote parts australia collect longterm data meaningful local communities well external stakeholders similarly warddeken ipa initial enthusiasm learning herbarium skills use video cameras film making rangers still relied nonindigenous collaborators instigate much continued work even though said important project examples showed need enhanced organisational capacity support indigenous rangers well increased recognition role nonindigenous staff collaborators often integral part onground work effort therefore suggest respectful bottomup collaborative approaches monitoring fundamentally incorporate local interests skills similar described case studies needed support indigenous rangers aspirations create strong selfsufficient organisations promote indigenous culture concomitantly addressing external stakeholder expectations contributions national conservation objectives thank sidney myer fund greening australia nt financing innovative collaborative project federal governments working country programme funding rangers kabulwarnamyo manmoyi ngukurr indigenous communities embracing research also appreciate mentorship peter cooke insightful comments two anonymous reviewers well jon altman eva mcraewilliams greg dickson special thanks also goes sam bentleytoon assisting 2010 field work nunzio knerr centre australian national biodiversity research kindly assisted acquisition avh data
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https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2010v35n8.1
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Jacob Feldman|Kacie Dunham|Margaret Cassidy|Mark T. Wallace|Yupeng Liu|Tiffany Woynaroski
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Audiovisual multisensory integration in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
| 2,018 |
Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt University Medical Center|Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt University|Vanderbilt University Medical Center
|
evergrowing literature aimed determine individuals autism spectrum disorder asd differ typically developing td peers measures multisensory integration msi ascertain degree differences msi associated broad range symptoms associated asd findings however highly variable across studies carried date present work systematically reviews quantitatively synthesizes large literature audiovisual msi individuals asd evaluate cumulative evidence group differences individuals asd td peers b correlations msi autism symptoms individuals asd c study level factors may moderate findings ie explain differential effects observed across studies identify eligible studies comprehensive search strategy employed using proquest search engine pubmed database forwards backwards citation searches direct author contact handsearching select conference proceedings significant betweengroup difference msi evident literature individuals asd demonstrating worse audiovisual integration average across studies compared td controls effect moderated mean participant age betweengroup differences pronounced younger samples mean correlation msi autism related symptomatology also significant indicating increased audiovisual integration individuals asd associated better languagecommunication abilities andor reduced autism symptom severity extant literature effect moderated whether stimuli linguistic versus nonlinguistic nature correlation magnitudes tended significantly greater linguistic stimuli utilized measure msi limitations future directions primary metaanalytic research discussed
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https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2016.1250556
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Kimberly D. McDowell|Ashlie R. Jack|Michael T. Compton
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Parent Involvement in Pre-Kindergarten and the Effects on Student Achievement
| 2,018 |
Wichita State University|Wichita State University
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everpresent achievement gap found among students peerseducational research literature found growing gap due part lack parent involvement students education academic performancethe purpose study investigate parent involvement affects student achievement academic success prekindergartenit hypothesized parents display higher levels involvement children perform better academicallythe participants study included 26 preschool children parentsthe researcher utilized curriculumbased measurement aimsweb igdis indicators individual growth development infants toddlers prek assessment measure used monitor assess early literacy development preschool childrena modified version parent involvement project questionnaire pipq also used determine positive correlation parent involvement student achievementresults study indicate invitation school statistically correlated role construction parent self efficacy student achievement statistically correlated scales parental involvement surveybecause results based selfreport included relatively small sample size outcomes study may align majority published studies pertaining parent involvement student achievement due subjective natureor perhaps students may factors influential parent involvementimplications research discussed
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https://doi.org/10.1080/00048623.2002.10755177
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Carl J. Dunst|Carol M. Trivette
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Let's Be PALS
| 2,009 |
Orelena Hawks Puckett Institute|Orelena Hawks Puckett Institute
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evidencebased approach professional development described basis findings series research syntheses metaanalyses adult learning methods strategies approach called pals participatory adult learning strategy places major emphasis active learner involvement aspects training opportunities instructortrainerguided learner experiences use pals practices found associated improved learner knowledge use mastery different types intervention practices implications inservice training described
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-008-9104-y
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Sandra Tury|Lyn Robinson|David Bawden
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The Information Seeking Behaviour of Distance Learners: A Case Study of the University of London International Programmes
| 2,015 |
City, University of London|City, University of London|City, University of London
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examination information behaviour distance learning students described based case study international programmes university londona comprehensive literature analysis comparison relevant information behaviour models carried supported survey student behaviourfollowing pilot study main survey gained responses 649 students 81 countries following diverse study programmesa variety interrelated factors found influence information behaviour level subject study significantease speed access familiary sources predominant factorsan extension wilsons information behaviour model proposed cater specific features distance learning context
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5826.2009.00281.x
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Jessie Ricketts|Dorothy V. M. Bishop|Kate Nation
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Orthographic Facilitation in Oral Vocabulary Acquisition
| 2,009 |
University of Oxford|University of Oxford|University of Oxford
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experiment investigated whether exposure orthography facilitates oral vocabulary learning total 58 typically developing children aged 89 years taught 12 nonwords children trained associate novel phonological forms pictures novel objects pictures used referents represent novel word meanings half nonwords children additionally exposed orthography although alerted presence instructed use training phase nonwordpicture matching posttest used assess learning nonword meaning spelling posttest used assess learning nonword orthography children showed robust learning novel spelling patterns incidental exposure orthography observed stronger learning nonwordreferent pairings trained orthography degree orthographic facilitation observed posttests related childrens reading levels advanced readers showing benefit presence orthography
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https://doi.org/10.7771/2157-9288.1159
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Sunil Rajoria|Sanjay Kumar Rewani|Virendra Singh|Manisha Singodia|Gara Ram Saini|Rohitash Kumar
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Constraints Perceived by Livestock Farmers in Use of ICTs in Jaipur District of Rajasthan, India
| 2,017 |
Veterinary & Animal Husbandry|Veterinary & Animal Husbandry|Veterinary & Animal Husbandry|Veterinary & Animal Husbandry|Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University|Veterinary & Animal Husbandry
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exploratory study conducted jaipur district rajasthan find constraints perceived livestock farmers use information communication technology icts possible solutions overcome constraintsa total 120 respondents randomly selected studydata collected structured interview schedule analysed different statistical toolsthe study revealed high cost repairing icts 6667 lack training practical exposure towards icts 6000 low ict literacy 5833 found serious constraints lack awareness benefits icts 5667 lack skills handling icts 5083 poor finance erratic power supply 4417 perceived serious constraintslow network connectivity 4417 unavailability different ict tools 3250 considered less serious constraints negative attitude towards icts perceived constraint livestock farmersstudy possible solutions shows great majority livestock farmers agreement possible solutions like subsidy procurement ict equipments 9833 provision finance facilities 9250 setting low cost repairing centres villages 9083 confidence build trainings practical exposure icts 9000
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https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101992000300009
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Richard L. Street|Paul Haidet
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How Well Do Doctors Know their Patients? Factors Affecting Physician Understanding of Patients’ Health Beliefs
| 2,010 |
Texas A&M University|Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center|Pennsylvania State University
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important feature patientcentered care physician understanding patients health beliefs valuesdetermine physicians awareness patients health beliefs well communication relationship demographic factors associated better physician understanding patients illness perspectivescrosssectional observational study research participants convenience sample 207 patients 29 primary care physicians 10 outpatient clinics approach measures consultation patients physicians independently completed connect instrument measure assesses beliefs degree patients condition biological cause patients fault one patient control meaning patient treated natural remedies patient preferences partnership physician physicians completed measure thought patient responded active patient participation frequency questions concerns acts assertiveness coded audiorecordings consultations physicians answers thought patient responded health belief measure compared patients actual responses degree physician understanding patients health beliefs computed absolute difference patients health beliefs physicians perception patients health beliefsphysicians perceptions patients health beliefs differed significantly p0001 patients actual beliefs physicians also thought patients beliefs aligned physicians better understanding degree patients believed health conditions personal meaning p0001 would benefit natural remedies p0049 conditions patient could control p0001 wanted partnership doctor p0014 patients often asked questions expressed concerns stated opinions physicians poorer judges patients beliefs patients africanamerican desire partnership p0013 hispanic meaning p0075 different race sense control p0024physicians good judges patients health beliefs substantially better understanding patients actively participated consultation strategies increasing physicians awareness patients health beliefs include preconsultation assessment patients beliefs implementing culturally appropriate patient activation programs greater use partnershipbuilding encourage active patient participation
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108497
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Gary R. Pike
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Limitations of using students' self-reports of academic development as proxies for traditional achievement measures
| 1,996 |
University of Missouri
|
important issue national assessment efforts best measure outcomes college initial discussions national collegiate assessment focused reliability validity feasibility using achievement tests measure student learning subsequent discussions raised possibility using students selfreports academic development proxies achievement test scores present study examines stability relationships among selfreports test scores across samples two fouryear colleges universities multitraitmultimethod analyses indicated selfreports test scores developed set test specifications measure constructs although scores one type measurement may substitutable scores type measurement addition analyses produced ambiguous results concerning stability relationships across different types institutions
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https://doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721009262
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Felix G. Rebitschek|Gerd Gigerenzer
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Assessing the quality of digital health services: How can informed decisions be promoted?
| 2,020 |
Max Planck Institute for Human Development|Max Planck Institute for Human Development
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important prerequisite success digitisation healthcare system riskliterate users risk literacy means ability weigh potential benefits harms digital technologies information use digital services critically understand statistical evidence people find reliable comprehensible health information internet better assess quality algorithmic decision systems narrative contribution describes two approaches show competence make informed decisions promotedevidencebased reliable health information exists internet must distinguished large amount unreliable information various institutions germanspeaking world therefore provided guidance help laypersons make informed decisions harding center risk literacy potsdam example developed decision tree fastandfrugal tree dealing algorithms natural frequency trees nfts help assess quality fairness algorithmic decision systemindependent reliable comprehensible digital health services tools laypersons assess information algorithms developed provided tools also included institutional training programmes promotion digital literacy would important step towards success digitisation prevention health promotioneine wichtige voraussetzung fr das gelingen der digitalisierung des gesundheitswesens ist die digitale risikokompetenz der nutzer also ihre fhigkeit nutzen und schaden von digitalen technologien und informationen zu beurteilen digitale angebote kritisch zu nutzen und sich auch mit statistischer evidenz auseinanderzusetzen wie finden menschen qualittsgesicherte gesundheitsinformationen und wie knnen sie die qualitt von algorithmischen entscheidungssystemen besser beurteilen diesem narrativen beitrag sollen zwei anstze aufgezeigt werden wie die fhigkeit zum informierten entscheiden gefrdert werden kannevidenzbasierte und verlssliche gesundheitsinformationen existieren im internet mssen aber von einer vielzahl unzuverlssiger informationen unterschieden werden verschiedene institutionen im deutschen sprachraum haben deshalb anleitungen bereitgestellt um laien eine informierte entscheidung zu erleichtern beispielsweise hat das hardingzentrum fr risikokompetenz potsdam fr diese zwecke einen entscheidungsbaum fastandfrugal tree entwickelt im umgang mit algorithmen knnen natrliche hufigkeitsbume nfts helfen die gte und fairness eines algorithmischen entscheidungssystems zu beurteilenneben zuverlssigen und verstndlichen digitalen angeboten sollten weitere werkzeuge fr laien zur beurteilung von informationen und algorithmen entwickelt und bereitgestellt werden diese knnen auch schulungsprogramme zur digitalen kompetenzfrderung aufgenommen werden damit wre ein wichtiger schritt zum gelingen der digitalisierung der prvention und gesundheitsfrderung getan
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https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12013
|
Gordon L. Clark|Emiko Caerlewy?Smith|John C. Marshall
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The consistency of UK pension fund trustee decision-making
| 2,007 |
Harvard University|University of Oxford|University of Oxford
|
important research programme social sciences concerns theory practice individual decisionmaking conditions risk uncertainty time apparent western governments increasingly rely upon individuals plan maintain savings programmes meet income aspirations longterm retirement income outside welfare state depends great deal competence consistency individual decisionmaking paper use set problems requiring techniques judgement test consistency trustee decisionmaking respondents group trustees drawn select uk defined benefit pension plans compared larger group oxford undergraduates found many respondents inconsistent across related problems requiring application probabilistic judgement also shown trustees consistent many undergraduates appears trustee education professional qualifications make positive difference consistent decisionmaking challenging test depends upon understanding relationship demographic ageing immigration financing payasyougo social security suggests substantive knowledge consistency judgement crucial components expertise implications drawn trustee institution wider debate role significance individual decisionmaking respect income aspirations
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https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2281(82)90014-5
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Mariia Bilianska|Olha Yaroshenko
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ABILITY TO FOSTER SCHOOLCHILDREN’S ECOLOGICAL LITERACY AS A RESULT OF PROSPECTIVE BIOLOGY TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
| 2,020 |
National Pedagogical Dragomanov University|National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine
|
important role preventing negative effects human impact environment played environmental literacy connected developing ability use natural resources wisely reduce waste well awareness role environment safe healthy living scientific studies formation students ecological literacy analyzed revealed current state training future biology teachers developing students environmental literacy efficient ability prospective biology teachers form students ecological literacy identified unity value cognitive procedural components theoretical substantiation technology training future biology teachers increasing students ecological literacy carried peculiarity technological process study elective courses conducting ecological pedagogical activities technologies environmental education upbringing methods teaching ecology use interactive teaching methods combination training sessions independent work practical training control measures criteria formation component students attitude environment preservation level knowledge acquisition level mastery methods developing school students environmental literacy threelevel approach evaluating results used average level formation component dominated experimental training statistically significant positive changes formation component took place confirms feasibility implementation technology keywords ecological literacy elective courses environmental upbringing preservice biology teachers
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https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1139719
|
James Kennedy|Séverin Lemaignan|Caroline Montassier|Pauline Lavalade|Bahar Irfan|Fotios Papadopoulos|Emmanuel Senft|Tony Beloaeme
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Child Speech Recognition in Human-Robot Interaction
| 2,017 |
University of Plymouth|University of Plymouth|Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Rouen Normandie|Université de Rouen Normandie|Sorbonne Université|University of Plymouth|University of Plymouth|University of Plymouth|University of Plymouth
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increasing number humanrobot interaction hri studies taking place applied settings children interactions often hinge verbal interaction effectively achieve goals great advances made adult speech recognition often assumed advances carry hri domain interactions children paper evaluate number automatic speech recognition asr engines variety conditions inspired realworld social hri conditions using data collected demonstrate still much work done asr child speech interactions relying solely modality still reach however also make recommendations childrobot interaction design order maximise capability currently exist
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https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v14i2.506
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Jennifer Coates|Brooke Colaiezzi|Winnie Bell|U. Ruth Charrondière|Catherine Leclercq
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Overcoming Dietary Assessment Challenges in Low-Income Countries: Technological Solutions Proposed by the International Dietary Data Expansion (INDDEX) Project
| 2,017 |
Tufts University|Tufts University|Tufts University|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
|
increasing number lowincome countries lics exhibit high rates malnutrition coincident rising rates overweight obesity individuallevel dietary data needed inform effective responses yet dietary data largescale surveys conducted lics remain extremely limited discussion paper first seeks highlight barriers collection use individuallevel dietary data lics second introduces readers new technological developments research initiatives remedy situation led international dietary data expansion inddex project constraints conducting largescale dietary assessments include significant costs time burden technical complexity limited investment dietary research infrastructure including necessary tools databases required collect individuallevel dietary data large surveys address existing bottlenecks inddex project developing dietary assessment platform lics called inddex24 consisting mobile application integrated web database application expected facilitate seamless data collection processing tools subject rigorous testing including feasibility validation cost studies scale dietary data collection use lics inddex project also invest food composition databases individuallevel dietary data dissemination platform capacity development activities although inddex project activities expected improve ability researchers policymakers lowincome countries collect process use dietary data global nutrition community urged commit significant investments order adequately address range scope challenges described paper
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https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400414
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Melissa Teo|Ashantha Goonetilleke|Alireza Ahankoob|Kaveh Deilami|Marion Lawie
|
Disaster awareness and information seeking behaviour among residents from low socio-economic backgrounds
| 2,018 |
Queensland University of Technology|Queensland University of Technology|Queensland University of Technology|University of Queensland
|
individuals socioeconomic status increase vulnerability ability prepare recover aftermath disaster people low socioeconomic lse backgrounds often face greater disaster risks least prepared disaster events due number factors including lack housing affordability low income literacy levels established relationship persons socioeconomic status disaster vulnerability little understood disaster information seeking needs preferences lse population groups affects levels disaster awareness paper addresses gap comparative study lse nonlse population groups identify key disaster information sources shapes levels disaster awareness survey 224 residents conducted multivariate regression analysis lse nonlse respondents revealed trend disaster passivity population groups english language proficiency occupation familiarity local environment important factors influencing disaster awareness among lse population groups nonlse population groups disaster awareness genderdependent females showing higher levels awareness overall television trusted information source regardless socioeconomic status results provide better understanding underlying impact socioeconomic status disaster awareness information seeking behaviour assist practitioners policy makers making informed decisions disaster mitigation strategies reduce disaster risk vulnerability targeted population groups
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https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-11-133
|
S. Heath|Dorothy V. M. Bishop|John Hogben|Neil W. Roach
|
Psychophysical indices of perceptual functioning in dyslexia: A psychometric analysis
| 2,006 |
University of Western Australia|University of Western Australia|University of Oxford|University of Oxford
|
influential causal theory attributes dyslexia visual andor auditory perceptual deficits theory derives group differences individuals dyslexia controls range psychophysical tasks substantial variation individuals within group task task addressed two questions first psychophysical measures sufficient reliability assess perceptual deficits individuals second different psychophysical tasks measure common underlying construct studied 104 adults wide range reading ability two comparison groups 49 dyslexic adults 41 adults normal reading measuring performance four auditory two visual tasks observed moderate high testretest reliability tasks people dyslexia likely display poor task performance unable demonstrate either construct validity current theories perceptual deficits predictive validity reading ability suggest deficient perceptual task performance dyslexia may associated inconsistent marker underlying neurological abnormality rather causally implicated reading difficulties
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https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2014.0134
|
Helena Thuneberg|Hannu Salmi|Franz X. Bogner
|
How creativity, autonomy and visual reasoning contribute to cognitive learning in a STEAM hands-on inquiry-based math module
| 2,018 |
University of Helsinki|University of Helsinki|University of Bayreuth
|
informal mathematical module integrating arts modifying stem steam following inquirybased learning approach applied sample 392 students aged 1213 years three lesson module dealt mathematical phenomena providing participants commercially available handson construction kit aiming advance steam education pupils built original personal individual geometrical structures using plastic pipes allowing high levels creativity well autonomy tutors supervised construction process intervened demand preposttest design monitored cognitive knowledge variables relative autonomy visual reasoning formal operations well creativity informal intervention produced newly acquired cognitive knowledge process shown supported broad basis soft factors described path analysis elaborated role creativity measured two subscale act flow cognitive learning postknowledge flow shown lead preknowledge scores significantly influenced creativity subscales act flow however relative autonomy visual reasoning formal operations contributed consequence cognitive learning within steam modules shown dependent external triggers conclusions appropriate educational settings foster steam environments discussed
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https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edn019
|
Bo Xie|Julie M. Bugg
|
Public library computer training for older adults to access high-quality Internet health information
| 2,009 |
University of Maryland, College Park|Washington University in St. Louis
|
innovative experiment develop evaluate public library computer training program teach older adults access use highquality internet health information involved productive collaboration among public libraries national institute aging national library medicine national institutes health nih library information science lis academic program state university one hundred thirtyone older adults aged 5489 participated study september 2007 july 2008 key findings include participants overwhelmingly positive perceptions training program b learning two nih websites httpnihseniorhealthgov httpmedlineplusgov training many participants started using online resources find highquality health medical information guide decision making regarding health medicallyrelated matter c computer anxiety significantly decreased p 001 computer interest efficacy significantly increased p 001 p 001 respectively pre posttraining suggesting statistically significant improvements computer attitudes pre posttraining findings implications public libraries lis academic programs organizations interested providing similar programs communities
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https://doi.org/10.3846/bme.2016.319
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Christine Bruce|Lawrence Buckingham|John Hynd|Camille McMahon|Mike Roggenkamp|Ian D. Stoodley
|
Ways of Experiencing the Act of Learning to Program: A Phenomenographic Study of Introductory Programming Students at University
| 2,004 |
Queensland University of Technology|Queensland University of Technology|Queensland University of Technology|Queensland University of Technology|Queensland University of Technology|Queensland University of Technology
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international association advancing multidisciplinary study informing systems founded 1998 informing science institute isi global community academics shaping future informing science
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/ase.1810
|
Eliza Lai Yi Wong|Juan Manuel Ramos-Goñi|Annie L.M. Cheung|Amy Yuen kwan Wong|Oliver Rivero?Arias
|
Assessing the Use of a Feedback Module to Model EQ-5D-5L Health States Values in Hong Kong
| 2,017 |
Chinese University of Hong Kong|EuroQol Research Foundation|Chinese University of Hong Kong|Chinese University of Hong Kong|University of Oxford
|
international valuation protocol exists obtaining societal values 3125 health states fivelevel euroqolfive dimensions eq5d5l questionnaire feedback module fm related theoretical models used behavioral economics recently included protocol objective assess impact using fm estimate eq5d5l value set hong kong eq5d5l health states elicited using composite time tradeoff ctto discretechoice dc experiment use fm according participant characteristics impact fm number inconsistent ctto responses assessed employed maineffects hybrid model combined data elicitation techniques total 1014 individuals completed survey sample representative general chinese hong kong population terms sex educational attainment marital status age groups employment status use fm reduced number ctto inconsistencies participant characteristics differed significantly used use fm model without constant resulted logical consistent coefficients therefore selected model produce value set predicted eq5d5l values ranged 0864 1 use fm allow participants exclude ctto responses reduced number inconsistent responses improved quality data estimating eq5d5l value set hong kong
|
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400066
|
P. van der Werf|Jamie A. Seabrook|Jason Gilliland
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“Reduce Food Waste, Save Money”: Testing a Novel Intervention to Reduce Household Food Waste
| 2,019 |
Western University|Western University
|
intervention used elements theory planned behavior developed tested randomized control trial rct involving households city london ontario canada bespoke methodology involving direct collection measurement food waste within curbside garbage samples control n 58 treatment households n 54 used evaluate effectiveness intervention comparison garbage samples intervention revealed total food waste treatment households decreased 31 intervention decrease significantly greater p 02 control households similarly avoidable food waste decreased 30 treatment households also significantly greater p 05 control households key determinants treatment household avoidable food waste reduction included personal attitudes perceived behavioral control number people household amount garbage set
|
https://doi.org/10.52041/srap.113201
|
Maria Jackson|Susan Walker|Janet Cade|Terrence Forrester|J K Cruickshank|Rainford Wilks
|
Reproducibility and validity of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire among Jamaicans of African origin
| 2,001 |
University of the West Indies System|University of the West Indies System|Nuffield Health|University of Leeds|University of the West Indies System|University of Manchester|University of the West Indies System
|
intervieweradministered quantitative foodfrequency questionnaire ffq developed determine energy nutrient intakes adult jamaicans african origin part study epidemiology diabetes hypertensionreproducibility questionnaire investigated 123 participants aged 2574 years relative validity ffq assessed twelve 24hour recalls administered 12 months 73 participants addition energy intakes ei compared estimated basal metabolic rates bmrreproducibility correlation coefficients pearson intraclass varied 042 retinol 071 carbohydrate values falling 050 060 compared repeated 24hour recalls ffq estimated slightly higher energy mean 6 macronutrient intakes mean 214 within 5 expressed percentage energy intake micronutrients higher 119 calcium 161 times vitamin c unadjusted correlations ffq reference method ranged 020 betacarotene 086 alcohol crossclassification nutrients quartiles showed 4648 participants lowest highest quartiles jointly classified methods misclassifications low nutrients one two persons misclassified extreme quartiles eibmr ratios suggested light moderate activity levels appropriate urban population developing countrythe ffq showed reasonable reproducibility validity suitable estimating habitual intakes energy macronutrients poor micronutrients retinol betacarotene
|
https://doi.org/10.1214/07-sts241
|
Sara Seely|Sara Winstead Fry|Margie Ruppel
|
Information Literacy Follow-Through: Enhancing Preservice Teachers’ Information Evaluation Skills Through Formative Assessment
| 2,011 |
Boise State University|Boise State University|Boise State University
|
investigation preservice teachers information evaluation skills large university suggests formative assessment improve student achievement preservice teachers asked apply information evaluation skills areas currency relevancy authority accuracy purpose study used quantitative methods assess preservice teachers evaluation skills demonstrated within context final project summative assessment elementary education course authors compared preservice teachers researchers evaluations analyze final projects two semesters asked evaluate sources cited final project education methods course preservice teachers received formative feedback librarians improved information evaluation areas formative assessment explored tool improving information literacy instruction
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.03.030
|
Kate A. Jenkinson|Amanda Benson
|
Barriers to Providing Physical Education and Physical Activity in Victorian State Secondary Schools
| 2,010 |
MIT University|RMIT University|MIT University|RMIT University
|
online questionnaire completed 115 physical education teachers establish barriers implementation physical education victorian state secondary schoolsin addition barriers perceived teachers impact students participation schoolbased physical education physical activity examinedthe barriers provision physical education found largely institutional although twothirds respondents recognised difficulties engaging students teaching potential obstacles student participationstudents also perceived influenced 45 per cent peers 62 per cent low levels interest choosing participatean awareness barriers implications physical education teaching curriculum design teacher training adolescent participation school environment
|
https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03194586
|
Austyn Snowden|George Fitchett|Daniel H. Grossoehme|George Handzo|Emma Kelly|Stephen King|Iain Telfer|Heather Tan|Kevin J. Flannelly
|
International Study of Chaplains’ Attitudes About Research
| 2,016 |
Edinburgh Napier University|Rush University Medical Center|Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center|HealthCare Chaplaincy Network|KU Leuven|Seattle Cancer Care Alliance|Edinburgh Royal Infirmary|University of Divinity|Monash University|Luke Neuhedel Foundation
|
online survey conducted twelve professional chaplain organizations assess chaplains attitudes involvement research total 2092 chaplains 23 countries responded survey 80 thought research definitely important nearly 70 thought chaplains definitely research literate 40 said regularly read research articles almost 60 said occasionally respondents rated research literacy 65 010 scale significant positive intercorrelations found among four measures importance research b research literacy c frequency reading articles research literacy rating approximately 35 never involved 37 involved 17 currently involved 11 expected involved research last three groups significantly likely think research research literacy important read research articles chaplains never involved research given chaplains interest research actions undertaken facilitate research engagement
|
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000968
|
Marion Churkovich|Christine Oughtred
|
Can an Online Tutorial Pass the Test for Library Instruction? An Evaluation and Comparison of Library Skills Instruction Methods for First Year Students at Deakin University
| 2,002 |
Deakin University|Deakin University
|
online interactive tutorial smart searcher introduced deakin university part librarys information skills program late 2000 liaison librarians responsible library skills training wanted compare evaluate mode instruction normal facetoface delivery library instruction study found students facetoface instruction fact gain higher posttest mean scores students completing online tutorial also students attending library sessions felt confident library skills online tutorial session
|
https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.10.2527
|
Vaille Dawson|Grady Venville
|
Teaching Strategies for Developing Students’ Argumentation Skills About Socioscientific Issues in High School Genetics
| 2,008 |
Curtin University|University of Western Australia
|
outcome science education young people understandings skills participate public debate make informed decisions science issues influence lives toulmins argumentation skills emerging effective strategy enhance quality evidence based decision making science classrooms case study australian science teacher participated oneonone professional learning session argumentation explicitly teaching argumentation skills two year 10 classes studying genetics two lessons teacher used whole class discussion writing frames two socioscientific issues teach students argumentation analysis classroom observation field notes audiotaped lesson transcripts writing frames student interviews indicate four factors promoted student argumentation factors role teacher facilitating whole class discussion use writing frames context socioscientific issue role students recommended professional learning promote student argumentation may need tailored individual teachers extensive classroom based research required determine impact classroom factors students argumentation
|
https://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s11887
|
Virginia W. Berninger
|
Highlights of Programmatic, Interdisciplinary Research on Writing
| 2,009 |
University of Washington
|
overview research topics findings interdisciplinary programmatic line research writing past 25 years presented crosssectional assessment studies grades 1 9 showed measures uniquely explained variance handwriting spelling composing thus validated use assessment longitudinal studies grades 1 5 3 7 contributed knowledge cognitive processes writing within working memory architecture orchestrates multiple component processes time achieve specific writing goals especially translation ideas words syntax text transcription handwriting spelling pen keyboard combined brain imaging behavioral studies writing provided converging evidence brainbehavior relationships handwriting spelling composing role temporally coordinated working memory including orthographic loop graphicmotor envelope word production series instructional studies atrisk writers taught levels language overcome working memory inefficiencies organized according developmental steppingstones writing acquisition show writing problems prevented studies older struggling writers validated effective instructional approaches helping struggling writers become readingwriters integrate written language skills literacy learning
|
https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650602700101
|
Aran Glancy|Tamara Moore|S. Selcen Guzey|Karl A. Smith
|
Students’ Successes and Challenges Applying Data Analysis and Measurement Skills in a Fifth-Grade Integrated STEM Unit
| 2,017 |
Purdue University System|Purdue University System|Purdue University System|University of Minnesota System
|
understanding statistics skills data analysis becoming essential yet research consistently shows students struggle concepts levelsthis case study documents struggles four groups fifthgrade students encounter collect organize interpret data ultimately attempt draw conclusions make decisions based datathe activities students engaged part integrated science technology engineering mathematics stem unit students collecting analyzing data context learning science concepts context evaluating prototypes engineering design challengestudents observed struggle variety ways specifically difficulty 1 properly using certain measurement devices 2 coordinating quantitative data phenomenon measured 3 properly interpreting significance variation uncertainty error dataimplications teaching curriculum design addressed
|
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.ijph_1633_21
|
Regina Maria Ayres de Camargo Freire
|
Fonoaudiologia em saúde pública
| 1,992 |
Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
|
undestanding activities functions speech therapist within specific context basic health units unidades bsicas de sade sought difficulties relating introduction new service basis one health professions hitherto belonged group categories traditionally incorporated basic units statistical data demand speech therapy services population attend health centres considered discovered 32 schooling age referred schools allegedly due learning problems closer contact children speech therapy brought different aspect light ie one cannot consider disturbancedeviationproblempathology written signs constitute indications shock process literacy learning read write understand problem point view public health programme teacher counselling proposed purpose helping school clarify role coconstructor childs literacy process returning teacher responsibility success andor failure teaching read write similar programme proposed creches coincidently greater proportion 44 younger children 2 5 years age seen difficulties oral language developmentabstract truncated 250 words
|
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/649815
|
Lorena Salto|Matt L. Riggs|Daisy Delgado De Leon|Carlos A. Casiano|Marino De León
|
Underrepresented Minority High School and College Students Report STEM-Pipeline Sustaining Gains After Participating in the Loma Linda University Summer Health Disparities Research Program
| 2,014 |
Loma Linda University|California State University, San Bernardino|Loma Linda University|Loma Linda University|Loma Linda University
|
urgent need exists graduate professional schools establish evidencebased stem science technology engineering math pipeline programs increase diversity biomedical workforce untapped yet promising pool willing participants capable high school students strong stem interest may lack skills guided mentoring needed succeed competitive stem fields study evaluates compares impact loma linda university llu summer health disparities research program high school hs undergraduate ug student participants primary focus summer research experience sre enhance research selfefficacy participants actively involving research project providing students personalized mentoring targeted career development activities including education health disparities results study show sre influenced terminal degree intent increased participant willingness incorporate research future careers hs ug groups quantitative data shows hs ug participants reported large statistically significant gains selfassessed research skills research selfefficacy participant groups identified handson research mentor experience valuable aspects sre reported increased science skills increased confidence science ability increased motivation affirmation pursue science career followup data indicates 67 hs participants 90 ug participants graduated college stem degree enrolled graduate education 61 43 enrolled llu respectively conclude structured sres highly effective stem strengthening interventions ug hs students may way measurably increase institutional biomedical workforce diversity
|
https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i4.59
|
Alexandros Koutsioubas
|
<i>anaklasis</i>: a compact software package for model-based analysis of specular neutron and X-ray reflectometry data sets
| 2,021 |
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation|Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum|Forschungszentrum Jülich
|
anaklasis constitutes set opensource python scripts facilitate range specular neutron xray reflectivity calculations involving generation theoretical curves comparisonfitting interfacial model reflectivity experimental data sets primary focus software twofold one hand offer natural framework model definition requiring minimum coding literacy hand include advanced analysis methods proposed recent work particular attention given ability corefine reflectivity data estimation modelparameter uncertainty covariance using bootstrap analysis markov chain monte carlo sampling compactness simplicity model definition together streamlined analysis present steep learning curve user aspect may accelerate generation reproducible easily readable statistically accurate reports future neutron xray reflectivity related literature
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-015-0211-4
|
J. J. Cutuli|Christopher D. Desjardins|Janette E. Herbers|Jeffrey D. Long|David Heistad|C. K. Chan|Elizabeth Hinz|Ann S. Masten
|
Academic Achievement Trajectories of Homeless and Highly Mobile Students: Resilience in the Context of Chronic and Acute Risk
| 2,012 |
California University of Pennsylvania|University of Minnesota System|University of Minnesota System|University of Iowa|Minneapolis Public Schools|Hong Kong Shue Yan University|Minneapolis Public Schools|University of Minnesota System
|
analyses examined academic achievement data across third eighth grades n 26474 comparing students identified homeless highly mobile hhm students federal free meal program fm reduced price meals rm neither general achievement lower function rising risk status general gt rm gt fm gt hhm achievement gaps appeared stable widened hhm students lower risk groups math reading achievement lower growth math slower years hhm identification suggesting acute consequences residential instability nonetheless 45 hhm students scored within average range suggesting academic resilience results underscore need research risk resilience processes among hhm students address achievement disparities
|
https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12273
|
Robert N. Grosse|Barbara H. Perry
|
Correlates of life expectancy in less developed countries
| 1,982 |
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
|
analyses performed investigate several hypotheses concerning multiple determinants levels life expectancy developing countries recent decades possible explanation observed variations amount gain life expectancy 1950s 1970s findings significant level life expectancy results present work conform large results scholars area although present work unique developing countries included 1960s 1970s shift relative importance economic indicators general social indicators favor social indicators period 19601965 70 variation levels life expectancy associated per capita income literacy rates ratio three two favor economic variable 19701975 ratio become six one favor literacy addition multivariate model showed sanitation variables began appear significant correlates levels life expectancy recent time period playing larger role level income per capita work pursued part separate concurrent project explored explicitly threeway interaction literacy life expectancy sanitation change life expectancy 1950 1970 associations quite different per capita income associated absolute change life expectancy associations literacy much smaller earlier observed level life expectancy point time multivariate model primary correlates change sanitation variables health personnel represented population per midwife tests associations variations amount gain life expectancy found literature comparison findings therefore made directly present work suggests may lower skill levels health manpower activities sanitation main correlates multivariate model absolute change life expectancy
|
https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.76
|
Robert C. Pianta|Jay Belsky|Renate Houts|Fred Morrison
|
Opportunities to Learn in America's Elementary Classrooms
| 2,007 |
Research Network (United States)|Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development|Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network|Research Network (United States)|Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development|Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network|Research Network (United States)|Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development|Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network|Research Network (United States)|Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development|Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network
|
analysis elementary school classrooms united states returns discouraging report quality students experiences
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-63
|
Miriam Segura?Totten|Nancy Dalman
|
The CREATE Method Does Not Result in Greater Gains in Critical Thinking than a More Traditional Method of Analyzing the Primary Literature
| 2,013 |
University of North Georgia|University of North Georgia
|
analysis primary literature undergraduate curriculum associated gains student learning particular create consider read elucidate hypotheses analyze interpret data think next experiment method associated increase student critical thinking skills adapted create method within required cell biology class compared learning gains students using create students involved less structured literature discussions found sets students gains critical thinking students used create method show significant improvement students engaged traditional method dissecting literature students also reported similar learning gains literature discussion methods study suggests least educational context create method lead higher learning gains less structured way reading primary literature
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.166
|
Gerlind Wallon
|
Aptitude or attitude?
| 2,005 | null |
analysis1 may 2005free access aptitude attitude lawrence summers recent remarks reflect little progress made publics understanding women underrepresented science gerlind wallon gerlind wallon search papers author gerlind wallon gerlind wallon search papers author author information gerlind wallon embo reports 20056400402httpsdoiorg101038sjembor7400414 pdfdownload pdf article text main figures toolsadd favoritesdownload citationstrack citationspermissions sharefacebooktwitterlinked inmendeleywechatreddit figures info january year lawrence summers president harvard university boston usa spoke conference diversifying science engineering workforce convened us national bureau economic research speech proposed explanations low representation women higher ranks science engineering remark issues intrinsic aptitude explain men better suited women hard sciences mathematics physics engineering caused uproar usa elsewhere summers later apologized comments issue womens representation sciences dominated major us news outlets weeks summers remarks highlight deeper problem way society perceives role women although socialization factors believed responsible inequality men women feminism affirmative action equal access tertiary education redressed balance society blame perhaps biology fault indeed number studies books articles insist kind genetic factor evolutionary history makes women different view remains popular despite various recent studies surveys worldwide programme international student assessment pisa study suggest opposite clear however women disappearing ranks women comprise 50 undergraduates 40 postdoctoral researchers 29 faculty assistant professor level average 132 full professorships europe held women ec 2003 number increasing slowly summers suggested aptitude difference sexes equal representation realistic verdict still differences small explain large disparities workplace instead seems number factors keep women away higher ranks science professions danger taking test results face value drawing conclusions aptitude based one study boys example score slightly higher girls mathematics section scholastic aptitude test sat standardized test taken us highschool students applying college see sidebar however token pisa 2003 study would suggest finns koreans japanese hong kong chinese intelligent people world given students performance far superior us german students example needless say conclusion drawnthe results explained differences teaching culture attitude although pisa also found males performed better females mathematics large number countries statistically significant difference found onethird countries including top performers finland hong kong japan iceland thailand girls consistently score better boys mathematics tests oecd 2003 wide variation gender gaps among countries suggests current differences inevitable outcomes differences young males females effective policies practices overcome long taken inevitable outcomes differences males females interests learning styles even underlying capacities wrote authors pisa study testing aptitude pisa programme international student assessment 2003 study tested mathematical abilities 15yearold students 40 participating countries significant differences overall performance mathematics section test male female students observed 27 countries however topperforming countriesfinland hong kong japanshowed statistically significant differences girls boys 1 4 sectors tested iceland thailand girls consistently outperformed boys timss trends international mathematics science study tested fourth eighth twelfthgrade students maths science 1994 1995 first group found statistically significant differences performance girls boys favour boys three 16 participating oecd countries second group 6 16 countries third group 14 16 countries two exceptions last category usa hungary summary girls perform worse mathematics progress school sat scholastic aptitude test taken american highschool students grades 11 12 used colleges universities admission decisions average scores mathematics section girls 35 points average boys however sat overpredicts male performance underpredicts female performance comparing test results actual performance college students wwwfairtestorgfactsgenderbiashtm fact males score 33 points higher mathematics section sat females go earn grades college mathematics courses danger taking test results face value drawing conclusions aptitude based one study summers linked womens underrepresentation sciences mathematical abilities would one explain similarly low numbers women humanities medicine mathematical skills major requirement obviously aptitude argument hold could even reversed since female students consistently outperform males reading literacy sections pisa therefore valid wonder women dominate humanities medicine law fact women comprise majority many fields undergraduate level trend reversed professorial level obviously seem factors work genetically linked aptitudes women comprise majority many fields undergraduate level trend reversed professorial level one factors may well societys perceptions women encouraged bestsellers men mars women venus john gray men dont listen women cant read maps allan barbara pease provide pseudoscientific explanation gender differences books others like proclaim men women developed different capabilities due distinct roles human evolutionary historyman hunter woman childbearer probably grain truth hidden roles ascribed authors onedimensional certainly based fact instead support longheld prejudices innate gender differences lead men better mapreading skills women good caregivers contrast difference rosalind barnett caryl rivers brandeis university waltham usa boston university boston usa respectively relies scientific literature thoroughly disprove gender myths authors highlight similarities sexes deplore fact despite wealth publications old stereotypes still persist taught classroom danger revival stereotypes popular books hamper progress even question achieved far investigate power stereotypes mahzarin banaji professor social ethics harvard university colleagues developed implicit association test iat uncover unconscious biases majority took test men women alike found easier associate men science opposed women science surprisingly also true female scientists took test furthermore 80 participants associated men work category women family category banaji concluded results show pervasive power cultural biases haveeven victims bias cromie 2003 vedantam 2005 research supported madeline heilman professor psychology new york university ny usa others showed men usually positively assessed women identical cvs sent appraisal independent gender evaluator heilman et al 2004 obviously women ingrained stereotypes much men comes surprise women aptitude part forsaken family responsibilities receive rewards men 1999 massachusetts institute technology mit boston usa published report mit school science admitted given female professorial staff compensation male colleagues terms pay space monetary resources committee positions bailyn 1999 generally income gaps 30 men women working comparable positions reported usa europe year ec 2005b comes surprise women aptitude part forsaken family responsibilities receive rewards men dearth women higher positions usually explained image leaky pipeline women disappear every stage undergraduate student full professor book aufstieg oder ausstieg inken lind center excellence women science bonn germany analysed wealth studies investigated problems women science came conclusion leaky pipeline model adequately reflect reality lind 2004 instead studies point accumulation seemingly small disadvantages discouragements add block careers women similarly yu xie professor sociology university michigan ann arbor usa kimberlee schauman assistant professor sociology university california davis usa criticize pipeline model implies problems entry point policies implemented stop leaks effect encouraging women enter sciences came conclusion women discouraged early entering science engineering xie shauman 2003 list small stumbling blocks long includes girls fear unpopular boys perceived science nerds doubts able combine family career societal misperception working mother exclusion informal networks name takes lot dedication overcome barriers men face reducing problem mere aptitude clearly wrong treating women men skirts ignores biology well women give birth children raising children takes time question society wants ignore consequences letting women carry bigger part burden european countries birth rate level necessary renew population consequences pension schemes becoming evident european commission predicts shortage qualified workers near future suggested qualified women could partly fill gap ec 2005a dilemma solved combating stereotypes finding new ways combine family career reducing problem mere aptitude clearly wrong treating women men skirts ignores biology well sylvia ann hewlett founder us national parenting association thus argues flexible working hours possibilities women reenter careers break hewlett et al 2005 survey 2443 women professional graduate degrees hewlett colleagues found 37 interrupted careers 44 family reasons contrast 24 653 men surveyed interrupted careers mostly change training 12 men cited family reasons although average length break 22 years cost women extremely high terms income career prospects significant proportion women 38 said deliberately chosen position fewer responsibilities lower compensation job qualified order fulfil family responsibilities another 36 total surveyed worked parttime time attempt balance work personal life hewlett suggests limiting possibilities women reenter pursue careers commensurate capabilities qualifications costs employer society great deal terms lost talent analysis summers made mistake comparing apples oranges based analysis career prospects men women assumption sent race equals clearly case difficult estimate damage remarks caused given role president one prestigious universities world given intense media coverage speech words certainly read many people subsequent studies responses counterarguments combined thorough understanding differences male female career paths outcomes lead effective measures could level proverbial playing field references bailyn l 1999 study status women faculty science mit mit faculty newsletter special edition 11 115google scholar cromie wj 2003 brain shows unconscious prejudices harvard university gazette 17 jul wwwnewsharvardedugazettegoogle scholar ec 2003 figures 2003 brussels belgium european commissiongoogle scholar ec 2005a commission recommendations european charter researchers code conduct recruitment researchers c2005576 brussels belgium european commissiongoogle scholar ec 2005b report commission council european parliament european economic social committee committee regions equality women men 2005 brussels belgium european commissiongoogle scholar heilman wallen fuchs tamkins mm 2004 penalties success reactions women succeed male gendertyped tasks j appl psychol 89 416427crossrefpubmedweb sciencegoogle scholar hewlett sa luce cb shiller p southwell 2005 hidden brain drain offramps onramps womens careers cambridge usa harvard business reviewgoogle scholar lind 2004 aufstieg oder ausstieg karrierewege von wissenschaftlerinnenein forschungsberblick bielefeld germany kleine verlaggoogle scholar oecd 2003 learning tomorrows world first results pisa 2003 paris france organisation economic cooperation developmentgoogle scholar vedantam 2005 see bias washington post jan 23 pw12google scholar xie shauman ka 2003 women science career processes outcomes cambridge usa harvard university pressgoogle scholar previous articlenext article volume 6issue 51 may 2005in issue referencesrelateddetailsloading
|
https://doi.org/10.4104/pcrj.2012.00052
|
Mohammadreza Mohebbi|Rory Wolfe|Damien Jolley
|
A poisson regression approach for modelling spatial autocorrelation between geographically referenced observations
| 2,011 |
Monash University|Monash University|Monash University
|
analytic methods commonly used epidemiology account spatial correlation observations regression analyses omission autocorrelation bias parameter estimates yield incorrect standard error estimateswe used age standardised incidence ratios sirs esophageal cancer ec babol cancer registry 2001 2005 extracted socioeconomic indices statistical centre iran following models sir used 1 poisson regression agglomerationspecific nonspatial random effects 2 poisson regression agglomerationspecific spatial random effects distancebased neighbourhoodbased autocorrelation structures used defining spatial random effects pseudolikelihood approach applied estimate model parameters bayesian information criterion bic akaikes information criterion aic adjusted pseudo r2 used model comparisona gaussian semivariogram effective range 225 km best fit spatial autocorrelation agglomerationlevel ec incidence morans index greater expected value indicating systematic geographical clustering ec distancebased neighbourhoodbased poisson regression estimates generally similar residual spatial dependence modelled point interval estimates covariate effects different obtained nonspatial poisson modelthe spatial pattern evident ec sir observation point estimates standard errors differed depending modelling approach indicate importance accounting residual spatial correlation analyses ec incidence caspian region iran results also illustrate spatial smoothing must applied care
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2007.1440410114
|
Coleen Wilder|Ceyhun Özgür
|
Business Analytics Curriculum for Undergraduate Majors
| 2,015 |
Valparaiso University|Valparaiso University
|
analytics become new source competitive advantage many corporations todays work force therefore must cognizant power value effectively perform jobs paper define appropriate skill level breadth knowledge required business school graduates successful undergraduate course study analytics proposed students average aboveaverage analytical skills implementation guidelines also addressed ensure successful program
|
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.030
|
Sung Hyun Kim
|
Testing the Knowledge Gap Hypothesis in South Korea: Traditional News Media, the Internet, and Political Learning
| 2,008 | null |
analyzing data survey south korean respondents study explores role news media informing audience politics particular examined whether different forms news media function increase gap political knowledge socioeconomic classes consistent findings united states newspaper reading positively related political learning use political web sites also indicated small learning effect data supported knowledge gap hypothesis considerable gap political knowledge highly educated lesseducated respondents importantly gap even greater among heavy newspaper readers among political web users findings indicate newspapers internet may function increase gap social classes
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-10-34
|
S?awomira Hajduk
|
THE CONCEPT OF A SMART CITY IN URBAN MANAGEMENT
| 2,016 |
Bialystok University of Technology
|
analyzing literature covering public management author noticed urban planning crucial factor urban development cities adequate intellectual resources proper institutions well developed infrastructure called smart cities according author proper local spatial development plans applied cities crucial parts city places highest investors interest technology parks rampd companies business incubators technology transfer centers industrial complexes definitely incorporated plans iso 37120 standard practical method measure citys performance factor decides special management level investment pressure indicator decreasing area covered local spatial development plans elaboration aims examine role smart city urban management research shows relationships coverage planning investment pressure green areas main result authors classification selected 34 mediumsize cities poland test procedure exploited taxonomic methods wards hierarchical analysis
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0491-6
|
James D. Pickering|Bronwen Swinnerton
|
Exploring the Dimensions of Medical Student Engagement with Technology?Enhanced Learning Resources and Assessing the Impact on Assessment Outcomes
| 2,018 |
University of Leeds|University of Leeds
|
anatomy curricula becoming increasingly populated blended learning resources utilize increasing availability educational technology educational literature postulates use technology support students achieving greater learning outcomes increasing engagement study attempts investigate dimensions student engagement technologyenhanced learning tel resources part medical programs anatomy curriculum using exploratory factor analysis 25item fivepoint likertbased survey administered 192 firstyear medical students three emergent factors discerned satisfaction goal setting planning physical interaction three factors closely aligned existing literature therefore additional nonparametric analysis conducted explored levels engagement across three custommade anatomy tel resources including 1 anatomy drawing screencasts 2 ebook 3 massive open online course mooc usage data indicated popular resource accessed across cohort anatomy drawing screencasts via youtube mooc used least moreover evidence suggests students utilized mooc engaged generally however correlations observed levels engagement tel resource usage assessment outcomes results study provide clear insight students engage tel resources reveal relationship levels engagement usage assessment outcomes
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239855
|
Scott G. Ortman|Andrew H. F. Cabaniss|Jennie O. Sturm|Luís M. A. Bettencourt
|
Settlement scaling and increasing returns in an ancient society
| 2,015 |
University of Colorado Boulder|Santa Fe Institute|Santa Fe Institute|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|University of New Mexico|Santa Fe Institute
|
ancient mesoamerican settlements obey scaling laws modern cities despite vast differences economy technology political organization
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-017-1488-0
|
Shirlee Ocampo|Rechel G. Arcilla|Frumencio F. Co|Ryan Jumangit|Felipe Diokno
|
Enthusing students towards statistical literacy using transformative learning paradigm: implementation and appraisal
| 2,013 |
De La Salle University|De La Salle University|De La Salle University
|
changing requirements globalizing society hence need shift traditional method teaching statistics new paradigms paper presents improvements implemented along appraisal teaching general education statistics courses using traditional transmissive pedagogy shifting transformative learning paradigm transmissive pedagogy involves merely lectures paperandpen tests transformative learning paradigm integrates computerbased instructions web technologies authentic assessment problembased learning collaborative inquiry use reallife data results showed significant improvement understanding statistics learning paradigms however data provide evidence indicate differences amount learning two paradigms classical bayesian factor analyses obtained seven non intellective factors two paradigms differ significantly five factors indicating students enthused towards statistical literacy transformative learning framework
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0046475
|
Michael Friendly
|
A.-M. Guerry’s Moral Statistics of France: Challenges for Multivariable Spatial Analysis
| 2,007 | null |
andrmichel guerrys 1833 essai sur la statistique morale de la france one foundation studies modern social science guerry assembled data crimes suicides literacy moral statistics used tables maps analyze variety social issues perhaps first comprehensive study relating variables indeed essai may considered book launched modern empirical social science questions raised methods guerry developed try answer guerrys data consist large number variables recorded dpartments france 18201830s therefore involve multivariate geographical aspects addition historical interest data provide opportunity ask modern methods statistics graphics thematic cartography geovisualization shed light questions raised present variety methods attempting address guerrys challenge multivariate spatial statistics
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1312-8
|
Yevgeniy Goryakin|Tim Lobstein|W. P. T. James|Marc Suhrcke
|
The impact of economic, political and social globalization on overweight and obesity in the 56 low and middle income countries
| 2,015 |
University of East Anglia|World Obesity Federation|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|University of York
|
anecdotal descriptive evidence led claim globalization plays major role inducing overweight obesity developing countries robust quantitative evidence scarce undertook extensive econometric analyses several datasets using series new proxies different dimensions globalization potentially affecting overweight 887000 women aged 1549 living 56 countries 1991 2009 controlling relevant individual country level factors globalization whole substantially significantly associated increase individual propensity overweight among women surprisingly political social globalization dominate influence economic dimension hence consideration needs given forms governance required shape healthoriented globalization process
|
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5036783
|
Warren Brodsky|Avishai Henik|Bat Sheva Rubinstein|Moshe Zorman
|
Auditory imagery from musical notation in expert musicians
| 2,003 |
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev|Ben-Gurion University of the Negev|Tel Aviv University|Levinsky College of Education
|
anecdotal evidence suggested musical notation trigger auditory images expert musicians silently read scores containing wellknown themes embedded notation embellished phrase judged tune heard aloud thereafter original theme ie melodic target ie melodic lure three experiments conducted employing four scorereading conditions normal nondistracted reading concurrent rhythmic distraction phonatory interference obstruction auditory stimuli findings demonstrate phonatory interference impaired recognition original themes conditions propose notational audiation silent reading musical notation resulting auditory imagery research suggests also elicits kinestheticlike phonatory processes
|
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-8-9
|
James Fitzpatrick|Elizabeth J Elliott|Jane Latimer|Maureen Carter|June Oscar|Manuela L. Ferreira|Heather Carmichael Olson|Barbara R. Lucas|Robyn Doney|Claire Salter|Elizabeth Peadon|Genevieve Hawkes|Marmingee Hand
|
The Lililwan Project: study protocol for a population-based active case ascertainment study of the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in remote Australian Aboriginal communities
| 2,012 |
The George Institute for Global Health|The George Institute for Global Health|University of Sydney|Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network|The George Institute for Global Health|University of Sydney|The University of Notre Dame Australia|The George Institute for Global Health|University of Sydney|Royal North Shore Hospital|Curtin University|University of Sydney|Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network|WA Country Health Service|The University of Notre Dame Australia
|
anecdotal reports suggest highrisk drinking pregnancy common remote australian communities alcohol teratogenic may cause range lifelong conditions termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders fasd australia diagnostic services fasd prevalence neurodevelopmental disorders remains unknown 2009 aboriginal leaders remote fitzroy valley north western australia identified fasd community priority initiated lililwani project partnership leading research organisations project establish prevalence fasd health developmental problems schoolaged children residing fitzroy valley providing data inform fasd prevention managementthis populationbased active case ascertainment study children born 2002 2003 residing fitzroy valley participants identified fitzroy valley population project communicare databases parentscarers interviewed using standardised diagnostic questionnaire modified local language cultural requirements determine demographics antenatal exposures birth outcomes education psychosocial status child comprehensive interdisciplinary health neurodevelopmental assessment performed using tests operational definitions adapted local context internationally recognised diagnostic criteria applied determine fasd prevalence relationships pregnancy exposures early life trauma neurodevelopmental health education outcomes evaluated using regression analysis results reported according strobe guidelines observational studiesethics approval granted university sydney human research ethics committee western australian aboriginal health information ethics committee western australian country health service board research ethics committee kimberley aboriginal health planning forum research subcommittee results disseminated widely peerreviewed manuscripts reports conference presentations media
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193697
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Michele L. Dreyfuss|Rebecca J. Stoltzfus|Jaya B. Shrestha|Elizabeth Kimbrough Pradhan|Steven C. LeClerq|Subarna K. Khatry|Santosh Kumar Shrestha|Joanne Katz|Marco Albonico|Keith P. West
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Hookworms, Malaria and Vitamin A Deficiency Contribute to Anemia and Iron Deficiency among Pregnant Women in the Plains of Nepal
| 2,000 |
Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University|World Health Organization|Johns Hopkins University
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anemia iron deficiency pregnancy prevalent developing countries causes always known assessed prevalence severity anemia iron deficiency association helminths malaria vitamin deficiency communitybased sample 336 pregnant women plains nepal hemoglobin erythrocyte protoporphyrin ep serum ferritin assessed venous blood samples overall 726 women anemic hemoglobin 110 gl 199 moderate severe anemia hemoglobin 90 gl 806 iron deficiency ep 70 micromolmol heme serum ferritin 10 microgl eightyeight percent cases anemia associated iron deficiency half women 542 low serum retinol concentration 105 micromoll 742 infected hookworms 198 plasmodium vivax malaria parasitemia hemoglobin ep serum ferritin concentrations significantly worse prevalence anemia elevated ep low serum ferritin increased increasing intensity hookworm infection hookworm infection intensity strongest predictor iron status especially depleted iron stores low serum retinol strongly associated mild anemia whereas p vivax malaria hookworm infection intensity stronger predictors moderate severe anemia findings reinforce need programs consider reducing prevalence hookworm malaria infection vitamin deficiency indicated addition providing iron supplements effectively control anemia
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https://doi.org/10.2111/rem-d-09-00151.1
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TU Agan
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Prevalence of anemia in women with asymptomatic malaria parasitemia at first antenatal care visit at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
| 2,010 | null |
anemia pregnancy malaria endemic areas public health challenge contributed either directly indirectly maternal morbidity mortality environment anemia malaria pregnancy highly preventable treatablethe aim study assess prevalence anemia asymptomatic malaria parasitemic women first antenatal visit tertiary hospital facilitythe study conducted antenatal clinic university calabar teaching hospital calabar nigeria threemonth period five hundred fortyfive pregnant women recruited obtaining informed consent structured questionnaire administered participant two thin thick blood films used identify malaria parasites estimate density average two packed cell volumes booking determined using two capillary tubes read hawksleys microhematocrit readera total 545 pregnant women participated study mean ages primigravidas multigravidas 214 31 243 40 years two hundred ninety 532 primigravidas 255 468 multigravidas parasite density primigravidas 1297 1234 multigravidas 661 497 77 p 0001 prevalence anemia study population 596 statistically significant difference prevalence anemia among primigravidas 603 multigravidas 588 2 13 p 008 statistically significant association severity parasitemia degree anemia 2 4411 p 0001 statistically significant association antimalarials use booking severity parasitemia 2 3652 p 0001anemia first antenatal booking significantly associated malaria parasitemia routine screening anemia malaria parasites booking prompt parasite clearance use intermittent preventive treatment ipt pregnancy correction anemia reduce prevalence malaria related anemia obstetric complications associated
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4261-4
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Mohamed Ag Ayoya|Gerburg Maria Spiekermann?Brouwer|Abdel Kader Traoré|Rebecca J. Stoltzfus|Cutberto Garza
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Determinants of Anemia among Pregnant Women in Mali
| 2,006 |
Cornell University
|
anemia pregnancy remains major problem nearly developing many industrialized countries mali subpopulation prevalence etiology anemia pregnancy largely unknownto examine prevalence likely etiologies anemia pregnancy poor urban population bamako malipregnant women n 190 selected randomly hemoglobin serum iron total ironbinding capacity measured blood smears examined plasmodium falciparum malaria single stool urine samples examined schistosoma haematobium hookworm gynecologic examinations performed interviews conducted qualitatively assess food consumption socioeconomic characteristics associations among mild moderate severe anemia iron parasite status erythrocyte sedimentation rates presence abnormal vaginal discharge evaluated differences hemoglobin serum iron concentrations total ironbinding capacity anemia compared according trimester pregnancy infected noninfected women relative attributable risks anemia calculated adjusted odds ratios anemia low serum iron estimated multivariate logistic regressionof 131 women complete data available 47 hemoglobin concentrations 110 gl 13 serum iron concentrations 12 micromoll none transferrin saturation values 16 11 23 8 harbored p falciparum haematobium hookworm respectively 82 abnormal vaginal discharge food restrictions reported 45 women abnormal vaginal discharge correlated significantly anemia pearson chi2 624 p 01 univariate multivariate analyses found infections strongly associated predictive anemiaour data suggest infections food accessibility contribute high rates anemia pregnancy mali
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https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2015/14933.6819
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Chingmila Shimrah|H Sorojini Devi
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Prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors among the lactating and nonpregnant-nonlactating Tangkhul women
| 2,022 |
Manipur University|Manipur University
|
anemia major public health issue throughout world nutritional deficiencies terms iron b12 cobalamin b9 folate main causes anemia absence genetic abnormalities chronic diseases many countries lactating mothers susceptible anemia maternal iron depletion lactation well blood loss childbirththe present study examines prevalence anemia among lactating cases nonpregnantnonlactating control married tangkhul women ukhrul districta communitybased crosssectional study conducted among 400 individuals lactating 150 nonpregnantnonlactating women 250 11 villages ukhrul district manipur pretested schedule included height weight sociodemographic parameters used body mass index weight kgheight metre2 computed subject categorized hemoglobin concentration measured using sahlis method statistical methods namely chisquare 2 test binary logistic regression appliedthe prevalence anemia higher lactating women 620 nonpregnantnonlactating women 568 odds ratio multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated anemia significantly associated cases control low literacy level 503 371 low income 251 356 cultivator 620 386 multigravida 4 525 267 respectivelydietary practices play important role causing anemia low literacy level low income cultivator high gravidity identified associated risk factors anemia
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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040386
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Tekie Alemu|Melaku Umeta
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Reproductive and Obstetric Factors Are Key Predictors of Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy in Ethiopia: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey (2011)
| 2,015 |
Addis Ababa University|Addis Ababa University
|
anemia major public health problem worldwide ethiopia nationally representative consistent evidence lacking prevalence determinants pregnancy conducted indepth analysis demographic health survey year 2011 representative data collected regions ethiopia considering maternal anemia outcome variable predicting variables sociodemographic household reproductiveobstetric characteristics identified analyses logistic regression model applied identify predictors p 005 prevalence anemia among pregnant women 23 maternal age region pregnancy trimester number five children previous history abortion termination pregnancy breastfeeding practices number antenatal care visits key independent predictors anemia pregnancy conclusion level anemia pregnancy moderate public health problem ethiopia yet special preventive measures undertaken pregnant women older age many five children previous history abortion evidence expected generated concerning pregnant mothers eastern part country better access radio disproportionately develop anemia counterparts
|
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000376
|
Alemu Gebrie|Animut Alebel
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and predictors of anemia among children in Ethiopia
| 2,020 |
Debre Markos University|Debre Markos University
|
anemia widespread public health problem characterized decrease hemoglobin concentration red blood cell volume established cutoff value developing countries including ethiopia half children estimated anemic therefore purpose study determine pooled prevalence anemia predictor factors among children ethiopiathe studies identified explicit exhaustive search reputable databases pubmed google scholar science direct embase cochrane library hand search reference lists previous prevalence studies retrieve related articles thirtynine studies selected based comprehensive list inclusion exclusion criteria data extracted using standardized pretested data extraction checklist analysis done using stata 14 statistical software assess heterogeneity cochrane q test statistic i2 tests used analysis considerable heterogeneity observed therefore random effect metaanalysis model used estimate pooled prevalence anemia moreover predictor factors anemia examinedthe forest plot 39 included studies revealed overall pooled prevalence anemia among children ethiopia 344 95 ci 291 397 subgroup analysis showed highest anemia prevalence observed somali region prevalence 494 95 ci 209 778 also anemia children found highest age group less five years 452 95 ci 396508 low literacy families 13 95 ci 11 17 low family socioeconomic status 19 95 ci 113013 housewife mothers job 15 95 ci 14 19 rural residence 33 95 ci 1761 found predictors anemia among childrenin study one three children anemic ethiopia moderate public health problem children study low literacy low socioeconomic status well rural residence families helminthic infection children found predictors anemia children community schoolbased interventions strengthened improve problem
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https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-0711-13-15
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Md. Kamruzzaman|Md. Golam Rabbani|Aik Saw|Md. Abu Sayem|Md. Golam Hossain
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Differentials in the prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant, ever-married women in Bangladesh: multilevel logistic regression analysis of data from the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey
| 2,015 |
University of Rajshahi|University of Rajshahi|University of Malaya|Directorate General of Health Services|University of Rajshahi
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anemia one common public health problems globally high prevalence reported among women reproductive age especially developing countries study conducted evaluate differentials prevalence anemia among nonpregnant evermarried women reproductive age bangladesh examine associations demographic socioeconomic nutritional factorsdata crosssectional study taken 2011 bangladesh demographic health survey bdhs subsample onethird households evermarried women reproductive age 15 49 years selected biomarker component survey including anemia sample size study 5293 data analyzed using multilevel logistic regression analysisthe prevalence anemia among nonpregnant evermarried women 413 urban 372 rural 435 among anemic women 355 mild anemia 56 moderate anemia 02 severe anemia women education likely anemic secondary education p 001 higher education p 001 undernourished women bmi 185 greater risk anemia p 001 compared normal women overweight women obese women anemia less pronounced among nonpregnant women using contraception p 005 muslim women p 001 women living rich households p 001the prevalence anemia among nonpregnant evermarried women bangladesh high illiteracy poverty undernutrition contributing factors
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01112-w
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Jeff Johnson|R. Altwegg|Darren M. Evans|John G. Ewen|Iain J. Gordon|Nathalie Pettorelli|Julie K. Young
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Is there a future for genome-editing technologies in conservation?
| 2,016 |
University of North Texas|University of Cape Town|Newcastle University|Zoological Society of London|James Cook University|Zoological Society of London|Utah State University
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animal conservationvolume 19 issue 2 p 97101 editorialfree access future genomeediting technologies conservation j johnson corresponding author j johnson department biological sciences institute applied sciences university north texas denton tx usa correspondence jeff johnson department biological sciences institute applied sciences university north texas 1155 union circle 310559 denton tx 76203 usa email jajohnsonuntedusearch papers authorr altwegg r altwegg statistics ecology environment conservation department statistical sciences african climate development initiative university cape town cape town south africasearch papers authord evans evans school biology newcastle university newcastle upon tyne uksearch papers authorj g ewen j g ewen institute zoology zoological society london london uksearch papers authori j gordon j gordon division tropical environments societies james cook university townsville australiasearch papers authorn pettorelli n pettorelli institute zoology zoological society london london uksearch papers authorj k young j k young usdanwrcpredator research facility department wildland resources utah state university logan ut usasearch papers author j johnson corresponding author j johnson department biological sciences institute applied sciences university north texas denton tx usa correspondence jeff johnson department biological sciences institute applied sciences university north texas 1155 union circle 310559 denton tx 76203 usa email jajohnsonuntedusearch papers authorr altwegg r altwegg statistics ecology environment conservation department statistical sciences african climate development initiative university cape town cape town south africasearch papers authord evans evans school biology newcastle university newcastle upon tyne uksearch papers authorj g ewen j g ewen institute zoology zoological society london london uksearch papers authori j gordon j gordon division tropical environments societies james cook university townsville australiasearch papers authorn pettorelli n pettorelli institute zoology zoological society london london uksearch papers authorj k young j k young usdanwrcpredator research facility department wildland resources utah state university logan ut usasearch papers author first published 17 april 2016 httpsdoiorg101111acv12273citations 40aboutsectionspdf toolsrequest permissionexport citationadd favoritestrack citation shareshare give accessshare full text accessshare fulltext accessplease review terms conditions use check box share fulltext version articlei read accept wiley online library terms conditions useshareable linkuse link share fulltext version article friends colleagues learn morecopy url share linkshare onfacebooktwitterlinkedinredditwechat recent review pimm et al 2015 highlight emerging technologies protecting biodiversity list noteworthy authors exclusion innovations genomic research exception singlespecies dna barcoding methods surprising given recent advances genomeediting technology potential application conservation taylor gemmell 2016 address deficiency subsequent commentary identifying three avenues emerging genomic technologies great potential increasing ability conserve biodiversity areas include use nextgeneration sequencing technologies methods radseq monitoring genetic diversity effective population size introgression andrews et al 2016 use environmental dna edna metabarcoding approaches map species occurrence interaction networks evans et al 2016 use genomic data geneediting technology identify alter regions genome may impact fitness limit survival endangered taxa taylor gemmell 2016 extend theme additional discussion genomeediting technologies benefit conservation threatened endangered species genomeediting technologies referenced herein include methods insert delete replace dna within organisms genome one particular editing technique called crisprcas9 jinek et al 2012 gained considerable momentum past three years achieving sciences 2015 breakthrough year travis 2015 largely due simplicity relative low cost precise genomicediting capabilities mei et al 2016 crisprcas9 technique developed adaptive immune response bacteria archaea invading viruses plasmids jinek et al 2012 see also lander 2016 essentially rnaguided molecule programmed identify specific location within genome subsequently cut replace target dna ie rnaguided endonuclease see mei et al 2016 wright nuez doudna 2016 specific details crisprcas9 technology already shown great potential benefit humans variety ways including improving crops kim et al 2015 eliminating disease mclean jacobslorena 2016 targeted medical therapies savi schwank 2016 reason technology could used tool support biodiversity conservation acknowledge much needs done increase awareness within conservation community genomeediting technology benefit conservation practice easy task largely widely held negative perception genetically modified gm organisms used agriculture particularly forprofit commercial industry au 2015 see also redford et al 2014 however use gm pharmaceuticals human medicine received less negative attention locwin 2015 conservation community learn dichotomy identify tactful approaches advocacy conservation genomeediting technology benefit conservation first people agree prevention mitigation nonnative invasive organisms increasingly difficult costly due expanding global trade travel banks et al 2015 ability combat invasive species effectively relevant conserving biodiversity nonnative species significant contributor recent vertebrate extinctions bellard cassey blackburn 2016 genomicengineering technologies specifically utilize crisprcas9 gene drive methodologies alter reproductive capacity esvelt et al 2014 champer buchman akbari 2016 become valuable tool help prevent eliminate invasive species proper precautions place oye et al 2014 akbari et al 2015 webber raghu edwards 2015 champer et al 2016 example invasive rodents impacted endemic fauna flora many remote island ecosystems harper bunbury 2015 jones et al 2016 research currently underway develop genetic biocontrol methodologies reduce impact promising approach includes using genomicediting techniques alter sex determination pathway invasive species targeting sry gene larney bailey koopman 2014 using xchromosome shredder approach xshredder champer et al 2016 producing allmale offspring would effectively eliminate reproduction without need pesticides poisons negatively impact nontarget species eg pitt et al 2015 see also campbell et al 2015 applications strong potential resulting positive outcomes using best practices framework already established long history biological control applications addressing biosecurity concerns prerelease assessment nontarget effects focused attention preventing spread geneedited organism unintended areas see webber et al 2015 additional options allowed applying genetic biocontrol approach include incorporating killswitch modified organism would permit intentional elimination environment prevent undesired horizontal gene transfer wild populations eg mandell et al 2015 yet research required address feasibility associated risks nature redford et al 2014 schmidt de lorenzo 2016 second recent genomic research domestic wild canids highlights severe bottleneck events increase frequency deleterious genetic variants remaining population marsden et al 2016 results important implications management species experienced significant decline abundance bottlenecked populations may experience increase disease susceptibility pathogens hale briskie 2007 tompkins 2007 increased frequency genetic disorders negatively impact survival within remaining population eg rikknen et al 2009 founding population california condor gymnogyps californianus captive breeding program example based 14 individuals among three genetic groups assumed include halfsiblings ralls ballou 2004 genetic disorder called chondrodystrophy increased frequency within founding population restricting breeding pairs avoid producing offspring condition ralls et al 2000 romanov et al 2009 despite pessimistic outlook presented shafer et al 2015 geneediting technology could used alter remove genetic disorder also particular diseasecausing pathogen completely population similar methods proposed human clinical applications eg white hu khalili 2015 tabebordbar et al 2016 although ambitious crispr technologies also used supplement genomic diversity bottlenecked populations increase pathogen resistance eg savage zamudio 2011 adaptive potential changing environment facilitated adaptation thomas et al 2013 harrisson et al 2014 preservation cryptic genetic diversity increasingly recognized important feature allowing populations adapt faster environmental change hayden ferrada wagner 2011 paaby rockman 2014 similar recent success using cryopreserved semen supplementing genomic diversity blackfooted ferret mustela nigripes population howard et al 2016 crispr technology could used purpose targeting genomic regions reduced diversity identified wholegenome sequences obtained preserved tissues extinct lineages eg hofman et al 2015 holmes et al 2016 crispr technologies also proposed resurrect extinct species eg shapiro 2015 recent methods capable altering genome extent required produce living individual extinct species research currently underway using crisprcas9 modify phenotypically relevant genes extant species reflect existed closely related extinct species trait resurrection example researchers identified successfully altered genes wooly mammoth mammuthus primigenius closest living relative asian elephant elephas maximus associated adaptations cold environment lynch et al 2015 see also shapiro 2015 crispr technologies could used modify specific genes within critically endangered elephant species thereby decreasing habitat restrictions necessary likely technology impact conservation science practice international union conservation nature iucn species survival commission established deextinction task force drafting set guiding principles deextinction conservation benefit p seddon pers comm would remiss acknowledge however targeting genes genomic regions editing may always sufficient phenotypic change least way intended conservation increasing number studies shown genetic architecture many fitnessrelated traits largely control many genes small effect polygenic including influence genetic epistatic interactions functional intergenic regions harrisson et al 2014 taylor ehrenreich 2015 therefore significant challenges exist altering phenotype using genomicediting techniques yet new genomic technologies crisprcas9 great promise also making much easier link genotypes phenotypes fitness nonmodel species bono olesnicky matzkin 2015 notable advances using crispr technologies human health commercial agriculture occurred quickly past years wellestablished foundation already existed linking many genomic variants observed phenotypic traits eg ainsworth 2015 harper nayee topol 2015 tabebordbar et al 2016 wholegenome sequencing technologies become accessible allowing generation genomic datasets multiple individuals species conservation concern ability decipher genomic architecture complex traits important species persistence undoubtedly improve see also bono et al 2015 research focused topic certainly warranted necessary advancing genomicediting tool conservation management furthermore significant concerns exist genomeediting technologies crisprcas9 may also cause harm individual population community due uncertainties altering genome processes potential subsequent nontarget effects eg lander 2015 webber et al 2015 concerns arise fact much remains learned information encoded genome transcribed function agree much left learned eg harrisson et al 2014 think possibilities offered technique ignored certainly crisis discipline conservation fact support already exists use crispr technology human somatic cellbased gene therapies eg national academy sciences 2015 british regulatory agency oversees reproductive biology recently allowed research proceed using crisprcas9 alter human embryos ie germline manipulation developmental biology research siddique 2016 undoubtedly practical ethical legal considerations need addressed genomicediting technologies integrated active conservation practice researchers practitioners policy makers must work together identify best approaches utilizing technology also acknowledging great care must taken avoid irreversible harm rapid adoption crisprcas9 similar genomicediting technologies addressing human healthrelated issues unprecedented reflected growing number applications described scientific literature popular press past 2 years similar level enthusiasm needed explore develop implement technology biodiversity conservation disclaimer information presented editorial authors necessarily represent views respective affiliations references ainsworth c 2015 agriculture new breed edits nature 528 s15 s16 akbari os bellen hj bier e bullock sl burt church gm cook kr duchek p edwards esvelt km gantz vm golic kg gratz sj harrison mm hayes kr james aa kaufman tc knoblich j malik hs matthews ka oconnorgiles km parks al perrimon n port f russell ueda r wildonger j 2015 safeguarding gene drive experiments laboratory science 349 927 929 andrews kr good jm miller mr luikart g hohenlohe pa 2016 harnessing power radseq ecological evolutionary genomics nat rev genet 17 81 92 au r 2015 genetic engineering genome engineering impact made science society adv biol biotechnol genet 2 1 8 banks nc paini dr bayliss kl hodda 2015 role global trade transport network topology humanmediated dispersal alien species ecol lett 18 188 199 bellard c cassey p blackburn tm 2016 alien species driver recent extinctions biol lett 12 20150623 bono jm olesnicky ec matzkin lm 2015 connecting genotypes phenotypes fitness harnessing power crisprcas9 genome editing mol ecol 24 3810 3822 campbell kj beek j eason ct glen godwin j gould f holmes nd howald gr madden fm ponder jb threadgill dw wegmann baxter gs 2015 next generation rodent eradications innovative technologies tools improve species specificity increase feasibility islands biol conserv 185 47 58 champer j buchman akbari os 2016 cheating evolution engineering gene drives manipulate fate wild populations nat rev genet 17 146 159 esvelt km smidler al catteruccia f church gm 2014emerging technology concerning rnaguided gene drives alteration wild populations elife 3 e03401 online doi 107554elife03401 evans dm kitson jjn lunt dh straw na pocock mjo 2016 merging dna metabarcoding ecological network analysis understand build resilient terrestrial ecosystems funct ecol online doi 1011111365243512659 hale ka briskie jv 2007 decreased immunompetence severely bottlenecked population endemic new zealand bird anim conserv 10 2 10 harper ga bunbury n 2015 invasive rats tropical islands population biology impacts native species global ecol conserv 3 607 627 harper ar nayee topol ej 2015 protective alleles modifier variants human health disease nat rev genet 16 689 701 harrisson ka pavlova telonisscott sunnucks p 2014 using genomics characterize evolutionary potential conservation wild populations evol appl 7 1008 1025 hayden ej ferrada e wagner 2011 cryptic genetic variation promotes rapid evolutionary adaptation rna enzyme nature 474 92 95 hofman ca rick tc fleischer rc maldonado je 2015 conservation archaeogenomics ancient dna biodiversity anthropocene trends ecol evol 9 540 549 holmes mw hammond tt wogan gou walsh labarbera k wommack ea martins fm crowford jc mack kl bloch lm nachman mw 2016 natural history collections windows evolutionary processes mol ecol 25 864 881 howard jg lynch c santymire rm marinari pe wildt de 2016 recovery gene diversity using longterm cryopreserved spermatozoa artificial insemination endangered blackfooted ferret anim conserv 19 102 111 jinek chylinski k fonfara hauer doudna ja charpentier e 2012 programmable dualrnaguided dna endonuclease adaptive bacterial immunity science 337 816 821 jones hp holmes nd butchart shm tershy br kappes pj co jones hp holmes nd butchart shm tershy br kappes pj corkery aguirremuoz armstrong dp bonnaud e burbidge aa campbell k courchamp f cowan p cuthbert rj ebbert genovesi p howald gr keitt bs kress sw miskelly cm oppel poncet rauzon mj rocamora g russell jc samaniegoherrera seddon pj spatz dr towns dr croll da 2016 invasivemammal eradication islands results substantial conservation gains proc natl acad sci usa online doi 101073pnas1521179113 kim h kim st kim sg kim js 2015 targeted genome editing crop improvement plant breed biotech 3 283 290 lander es 2015 brave new genome n engl j med 373 5 8 lander es 2016 heroes crispr cell 164 18 28 larney c bailey koopman p 2014 switching sex transcriptional regulation testisdetermining gene sry development 141 2195 2205 locwin b 2015 gmo drugs perceived differently gmo food genetic literacy project available httpswwwgeneticliteracyprojectorg lynch vj bedoyareina oc ratan sulak drautzmoses di perry gh miller w schuster sc 2015 elephantid genomes reveal molecular bases wooly mammoth adaptations arctic cell rep 12 217 228 mandell dj lajoie mj mee mt takeuchi r kuznetsov g norville je gregg cj stoddard bl church gm 2015 biocontainment genetically modified organisms synthetic protein design nature 518 55 60 marsden cd ortegadel vecchyo obrien dp taylor jf ramirez vil c marquesbonet schnabel rd wayne rk lohmueller ke 2016 bottlenecks selective sweeps domestication increased deleterious genetic variation dogs proc natl acad sci usa 113 152 157 mclean kj jacobslorena 2016 genetic control malaria mosquitoes trends parasitol 32 174 176 mei wang chen h sun zs ju xd 2016 recent progress crisprcas9 technology j genet genomics 43 63 75 national academy sciences 2015 human gene editing international summit statement available httpwww8nationalacademiesorgonpinewsnewsitemaspxrecordid12032015a oye ka esvelt k appleton e catteruccia f church g kuiken lightfoot sby mcnamara j smidler collins jp 2014 regulating gene drives science 345 626 628 paaby ab rockman mv 2014 cryptic genetic variation evolutions hidden substrate nat rev genet 15 247 258 pimm sl alibhai bergi r dehgan giri c jewell z joppa l kays r loarie 2015 emerging technologies conserve biodiversity trends ecol evol 30 685 696 pitt wc berentsen ar shiels ab volker sf eisemann jd wegmann howald gr 2015 nontarget species mortality measurement brodifacoum rodenticide residues rat rattus rattus eradication palmyra atoll tropical pacific biol conserv 185 36 46 rikknen j vucetich ja peterson ro nelson mp 2009 congenital bone deformities inbred wolves canis lupus isle royale biol conserv 142 1025 1031 ralls k ballou jd 2004 genetic status management california condors condor 106 215 228 ralls k ballou jd rideout ba frankham r 2000 genetic management chondrodystrophy california condors anim conserv 3 145 153 redford kh adams w carlson r mace gm ceccarelli b 2014 synthetic biology conservation biodiversity oryx 48 330 336 romanov mn tuttle em houck ml modi ws chemnick lg korody ml stremel mork em otten ca renner jones kc dandekar papp jc da nisc comparative sequencing program green ed magrini v hickenbotham mt glasscock j mcgrath mardis er ryder oa 2009 value avian genomics conservation wildlife bmc genom 10suppl 2 s10 savage ae zamudio kr 2011 mhc genotypes associate resistance frogkilling fungus proc natl acad sci usa 108 16705 16710 savi n schwank g 2016 advances therapeutic crisprcas9 genome editing transl res 168 5 21 schmidt de lorenzo v 2016 synthetic bugs loose containment options deeply engineered microorganisms curr opin biotechnol 38 90 96 shafer aba wolf jbw alves pc bergstrm l bruford mw brnnstrm colling g daln l de meester l ekblom r fawcett kd fior hajibabaei hill ja hoezel ar hglund j jensen el krause j kristensen tn krtzen mckay jk norman aj ogden r sterling em ouborg nj piccolo j popovic primmer cr reed fa roumet salmona j schenekar schwartz mk segelbacher g senn h thaulow j valtonen veale vergeer p vijay n vil c weissensteiner wennerstrm l wheat cw zielinski p 2015 genomics challenging translation conservation practice trends ecol evol 30 78 87 shapiro b 2015 mammoth 20 genome engineering resurrect extinct species genome biol 16 228 siddique h 2016 british researchers get green light genetically modify human embryos available httpswwwtheguardiancomscience2016feb01humanembryogeneticmodifyregulatorgreenlightresearch tabebordbar zhu k cheng jkw chew wl widrick jj yan wx maesner c wu ey xiao r ran fa cong l zhang f vandenberghe lh church gm wagers aj 2016 vivo gene editing dystrophic mouse muscle muscle stem cells science 351 407 411 taylor mb ehrenreich im 2015 higherorder genetic interactions contribution complex traits trends genet 31 34 40 taylor hr gemmell nj 2016 emerging technologies conserve biodiversity opportunities via genomics response pimm et al trends ecol evol 31 171 172 thomas roemer gw donlan cj dickson bg matocq malaney j 2013 ecology gene tweaking conservation nature 501 485 486 tompkins dm 2007 population bottlenecks avian immunity implications conservation anim conserv 10 11 13 travis j 2015 making cut science 350 1456 1457 webber bl raghu edwards 2015 opinion crisprbased gene drive biocontrol silver bullet global conservation threat proc natl acad sci usa 112 10565 10567 white mk hu w khalili k 2015 crisprcas9 genome editing methodology weapon human viruses discov med 19 255 262 wright av nuez jk doudna ja 2016 biology applications crispr systems harnessing natures toolbox genome engineering cell 164 29 44 citing literature volume19 issue2april 2016pages 97101 referencesrelatedinformation
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https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv139
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Celine Murrin|Aakash Shrivastava|Cecily Kelleher
|
Maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy and 5 years postpartum and associations with child weight status aged five
| 2,013 |
Health Research Board|Health Research Board|Health Research Board
|
animal models demonstrated maternal overnutrition pregnancy influences offspring adiposity human studies normal pregnancy replicated findings examined association child body mass index age 5 years maternal nutrient intake pregnancy 5 years postpartumfiveyearold children n585 mothers recruited pregnancy two maternity hospitals ireland data lifeways crossgeneration cohort study detailed dietary information obtained pregnancy postpartum using food frequency questionnaire nutrient intake adjusted energy intake ei expressed quartiles heights weights measured children aged 5 years performed multivariate logistic regression analyses examine independent associations macronutrients protein fat carbohydrate components saturated fatty acid sfamonounsaturated fatty acidpolyunsaturated fatty acid sugarstarch child overweightobesity associations examined nutrient intake pregnancy t1 5 years postpartum t2 change nutrient intake t1 t2total mean sd ei significantly higher pregnancy 2548 1239 kcal 5 years postpartum 2084 718 kcal increased odds overweightobesity found mothers higher intakes sugar t1 q4 odds ratio 457 95 confidence interval ci 1012069 high intakes sfa t2 q4 335 95 ci 0971157 mothers persistently high intakes sfa reduce sugar intake t1 t2 likely overweightobese childrenmaternal prenatal sugar prepostnatal sfa associated offspring adiposity
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https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-8-34
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Ermias Lulekal|Zemede Asfaw|Ensermu Kelbessa|Patrick Van Damme
|
Ethnomedicinal study of plants used for human ailments in Ankober District, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
| 2,013 |
Ghent University|Addis Ababa University|Addis Ababa University|Czech University of Life Sciences Prague
|
ankober district long inhabited people long tradition using medicinal plants treat human ailments overexploitation medicinal plants coupled everincreasing population growth deforestation agricultural land expansion threatens plants area hence study aimed documenting analyzing plantbased ethnomedicinal knowledge people order preserve dwindling indigenous knowledgeethnobotanical data collected using semistructured interviews focus group discussions participant observation walkinthewoods quantitative approaches used determine informant consensus factor icf fidelity level fl values statistical tests used compare indigenous knowledge medicinal plants among different informant categoriesa total 135 medicinal plant species belonging 128 genera 71 botanical families reported treat human diseases district families asteraceae 12 species 9 fabaceae 10 74 found best represented area 44 preparations reported obtained roots significant difference p 005 observed mean number medicinal plants reported groups respondents compared within age literacy level experience parameters highest icf values recorded gastrointestinal parasitic dermatological disease categories 070 indicating best agreement among informants knowledge medicinal plants used treat aliments categories highest fidelity level values recorded zehneria scabra 95 hagenia abyssinica 9375 showing conformity knowledge species best healing potential podocarpus falcatus ranked first direct matrix ranking exercise multipurpose medicinal plants output preference ranking exercise indicated olea europaea subsp cuspidata preferred species treat atopic eczemathe study revealed ankober district rich medicinal plant diversity associated indigenous knowledge however anthropogenic factors coupled acculturation poor conservation efforts threaten medicinal plant survival area promoting complementary situ ex situ conservation strategy medicinal plants district highly recommended
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https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.67.2.1.18607
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Jeffrey L. Cummings|Richard Isaacson|Frederick A. Schmitt|Drew M. Velting
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A practical algorithm for managing Alzheimer's disease: what, when, and why?
| 2,015 |
Lou Ruvo Brain Institute|Cleveland Clinic|Cornell University|University of Kentucky|Novartis (United States)
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annals clinical translational neurologyvolume 2 issue 3 p 307323 reviewopen access practical algorithm managing alzheimers disease jeffrey l cummings corresponding author jeffrey l cummings cleveland clinic lou ruvo center brain health las vegas nevada cleveland ohio correspondence jeffrey l cummings cleveland clinic lou ruvo center brain health 888 w bonneville las vegas nevada 89106 tel 1 702 483 6029 fax 1 702 483 6028 email cumminjccforgsearch papers authorrichard isaacson richard isaacson weill cornell medical college new york new yorksearch papers authorfrederick schmitt frederick schmitt sandersbrown center aging university kentucky medical center lexington kentuckysearch papers authordrew velting drew velting novartis pharmaceuticals corporation east hanover new jerseysearch papers author jeffrey l cummings corresponding author jeffrey l cummings cleveland clinic lou ruvo center brain health las vegas nevada cleveland ohio correspondence jeffrey l cummings cleveland clinic lou ruvo center brain health 888 w bonneville las vegas nevada 89106 tel 1 702 483 6029 fax 1 702 483 6028 email cumminjccforgsearch papers authorrichard isaacson richard isaacson weill cornell medical college new york new yorksearch papers authorfrederick schmitt frederick schmitt sandersbrown center aging university kentucky medical center lexington kentuckysearch papers authordrew velting drew velting novartis pharmaceuticals corporation east hanover new jerseysearch papers author first published 23 january 2015 httpsdoiorg101002acn3166citations 47aboutsectionspdf toolsrequest permissionexport citationadd favoritestrack citation shareshare give accessshare full text accessshare fulltext accessplease review terms conditions use check box share fulltext version articlei read accept wiley online library terms conditions useshareable linkuse link share fulltext version article friends colleagues learn morecopy url share linkshare onfacebooktwitterlinked inredditwechat abstract alzheimers disease ad common form dementia prevalence increasing recent developments ad management provide improved ways supporting patients caregivers throughout disease continuum managing cardiovascular risk factors maintaining active lifestyle regular physical mental social activity following mediterranean diet appear reduce ad risk may slow cognitive decline pharmacologic therapy ad initiated upon diagnosis currently available cholinesterase inhibitors cheis donepezil galantamine rivastigmine indicated mildtomoderate ad donepezil 10 23 mgday rivastigmine transdermal patch 133 mg24 h indicated moderatetosevere ad memantine nmethyldaspartate receptor antagonist approved moderatetosevere ad cheis shown improve cognitive function global clinical status patients ability perform activities daily living also evidence reduction emergence behavioral symptoms chei therapy treatment choice eg oral vs transdermal based patient caregiver preference ease use tolerability cost treatment individualized patients switched one chei another initial agent poorly tolerated ineffective memantine may introduced moderatetosevere disease stages clinicians regularly monitor symptoms behaviors manage comorbidities assess function educate help caregivers access information support evaluate patients fitness drive firearms provide advice need legal financial planning review caregiver wellbeing prompt referral support vital introduction alzheimers disease ad common form dementia accounting 6080 cases1 united states one nine people aged 65 years ad twothirds women one person develops ad every 67 sec1 alzheimers disease international estimates prevalence ad increase 225 2050 affecting 115 million people globally2 138 million people united states1 ad associated initial memory loss followed impairments cognitive function language visuospatial skills executive function coupled behavioral changes3 terminally patients may become bedridden incontinent unable communicate4 ad imposes intolerable burden healthcare systems society patients families one leading contributors disability among elderly people5 patients require assistance activities daily living adl many eventually require fulltime care supervision2 4 caring patient ad stressful especially patient displays neuropsychiatric symptoms irritability dysphoria delusions6 clinicians play key role medical management ad provide recommendations advice patients familiescaregivers broad range issues including psychosocial problems legal financial resources7 specialists involved ad diagnosis management include neurologists geriatricians geriatric psychiatrists therapeutic nihilism disbelief efficacy clinical value therapy key issue dementia management particularly among clinicians due negative associations stigma associated progressive illness8 perceptions overcome may delay diagnosis referral treatment8 review provides recommendations managing ad based current knowledge available pharmacologic agents support patients families caregivers also discussed early recognition difficult decisions around endstage care goal approach maximize quality life throughout course complex disease data sources include pivotal clinical studies donepezil galantamine rivastigmine memantine medical foods identified using pubmed 2014 relevant united states prescribing information englishlanguage articles considered relevance primary care physicians relation ad diagnosis management included previous guidelines management recommendations reviewed recent metaanalysis brain health activities alzheimers disease international key document9 general brain health wellness modifying risk factors cognitive dysfunction potential risk factors protective factors cognitive dysfunction reasonable recommend modifying based available evidence recommendations maintaining brain health adults without ad summarized box 1 box 1 recommendations maintaining brain health elderly patients without ad consider following mediterraneanstyle diet fish vegetables legumes fruit cereals unsaturated fatty acids eg olive oil limited amount meat dairy products consider taking supplements containing omega3 particularly docosahexaenoic acid bcomplex vitamins including b12 b6 folic acid vitamin e keep alcohol intake lowtomoderate level eg one glass wine per day dinner engage regular physical activity maintain leisure social activities keep socially engaged continue take activities help stimulate brain eg tai chi dancing puzzles become educated ad seek support others ad eg alzheimers association alzheimers foundation america keep memory alive community groups include music daily life listening music playing instrument singing maintain regular sleep patterns manage stress stop things becoming stressful eg volunteer work answering telephone keep regular daily schedule include relaxing activities eg playing pets massage aromatherapy observational studies point protective role certain nutrients dietary patterns mediterranean diet however data randomized controlled trials inconsistent whether factors cooking processes dietary components explain inconsistencies uncertain potential mechanisms certain nutrients may protect brain health also remain established10 longterm studies relationship physical activity incidence noncommunicable diseases general limited however available studies indicate physical activity healthy people important factor preventing development cognitive impairment ad11 depression associated cognitive decline12 supporting management depressive symptoms elderly clinical rationale actively manage hyperlipidemia diabetes13 untreated hypertension associated rapid decline cognitive function vulnerable individuals14 family history ad risk factor disorder family members encouraged adopt brainhealthy lifestyle lifestyle considerations patients ad despite evidence omega3 fatty acids slow cognitive decline elderly findings patients ad inconsistent1517 one trial reported benefits omega3 fatty acid lipoic acid treatment cognition adl performance16 however due small sample sizes studies required16 folic acid vitamin b supplements may help preserve brain function18 small doubleblind randomized controlled trial reported folic acid supplementation may improve response cholinesterase inhibitor chei therapy19 time institutionalization daily living functioning improved following vitamin e supplementation20 21 interventions benefitrisk ratio supplements considered recent metaanalysis concluded high blood levels docosahexaenoic acid eicosapentaenoic acid possibly associated increased risks highgrade prostate cancer22 findings interpreted caution due multifactorial etiology prostate cancer complex metabolism longchain omega3 fatty acids22 dementia symptoms stressful patients caregivers families2326 patients believe nothing done illness likely experience depression27 clinicians educate patients steps take preserve function box 1 learning ad seeking support early disease course help reduce stress improve coping healthrelated behaviors28 artistic pursuits may help maintain sense identity selfexpression improve aspects behavior enhance communication2931 music therapy reportedly improves language functions patients dementia32 symptoms anxiety depression patients mildtomoderate ad33 interactions pets may reduce agitation anxiety patients dementia34 patients caregivers also reduce stress adjusting activities suit patients abilities keeping regular daily routine includes relaxing activities35 clinicians urge patients ad participate leisure activities possible preserving function quality life23 25 36 cognitive training may improve function patients encouraged learn new skills hobbies undertake activities stimulate mental activity12 37 social interactions may difficult patients ad may withdraw due selfconsciousness depression apathy23 25 participation specialized adult day programs patients dementia may enhance benefits drug therapy improve sleep quality keeping patient engaged reducing inactivity38 specialized memory rehabilitation programs patients ad also proven valuable39 widely available diagnosis clinical trials diagnostic statistical manual mental disorders 4th edition dsmiv criteria commonly used diagnose dementia alzheimers type40 recently updated version dsm5 published key updates change dementia newly named entity major neurocognitive disorder ncd recognition less severe level cognitive impairment termed mild ncd41 recent diagnostic guidelines national institute aging alzheimers association define three stages ad42 preclinical phase neuropathologic changes occur overt subtle symptoms phase mild cognitive impairment symptoms become apparent adl preserved patient dementia dementia phase adl impaired may preclinical neurologic changes form cerebrospinal fluid amyloid imaging biomarkers43 however ad diagnosis principally based clinical criteria fig 144 45 biomarkers used define ad probable underlying cause cognitive impairment strictly necessary diagnosis42 45 accuracy diagnosis enhanced integration biomarkers table 1 outlines recommended diagnostic steps46 table 1 steps diagnosis assessment patient suspected ad primary care46 step purpose toolsinformation required step 1 prediagnostic tests identify risks neurocognitive disorders risk factor assessment medical history laboratory tests identify risk factors define comorbidities early warning signs preclinical dementia step 2 assess performance cognitive assessment cognitive tests eg mmse126 minicog127 moca128 sib8129 informantrated tools eg ad8130 step 3 assess daily functioning determine level independence degree disability daily function assessment tool eg adcsadl131 step 4 assess behavioral symptoms determine presence degree behavioral symptoms behavioral assessment tool eg npiq132 assess potential causes behaviors eg drug toxicity medical psychiatric comorbidity step 5 identify caregiver assess needs identify primary caregiver assess adequacy family support systems identify caregivers establish collaboration assess health primary caregiver refer psychologist social worker healthcare resources needed considerations identify cultural differences language literacy level patient caregiver recognize differences illness interpretations caregiving patterns cultures aware preferred language recognize paperandpencil tests forms may work well patient caregiver literacylanguage barriers ad alzheimers disease ad8 8item ascertain dementia tool adcsadl alzheimers disease cooperative studyactivities daily living scale minicog mini cognitive assessment instrument mmse minimental state examination moca montreal cognitive assessment npiq neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire sib8 severe impairment battery 8item reproduced permission american board family medicine figure 1open figure viewerpowerpoint diagnostic criteria ad45 permission reproduce text used figure kindly provided elsevier limited ad alzheimers disease csf cerebrospinal fluid mri magnetic resonance imaging pet positron emission tomography pharmacotherapy number food drug administration fdaapproved pharmacotherapies ad table 2 may improve symptoms delay decline none impact underlying neurodegenerative process47 important patients caregivers understand make informed treatment decisions realistic expectations regarding impact treatment48 table 2 food drug administrationapproved ad therapies b medical foods mechanism approvedintended indication administration route dosing frequency pharmacologic agents donepezil aricept49 chei mildtomoderate ad moderatetosevere ad po tablet titration initiate 5 mgday may increase 10 mgday 46 weeks severe ad may increase 23 mgday additional 3 months minimum maintenance mildtomoderate ad 5 10 mgday moderatetosevere ad 10 23 mgday daily galantamine razadyne50 chei mildtomoderate ad po tabletoral solution titration initiate 8 mgday increase 16 mgday 4 weeks minimum may increase 24 mgday additional 4 weeks minimum maintenance 16 24 mgday twice daily food galantamine er razadyne er50 chei mildtomoderate ad po capsule titration initiate 8 mgday increase 16 mgday 4 weeks minimum may increase 24 mgday additional 4 weeks minimum maintenance 16 24 mgday daily morning food rivastigmine exelon51 chei mildtomoderate ad mildtomoderate pdd po capsulesoral solution titration initiate 3 mgday tolerated may increase 6 mgday 9 12 mgday 2 weeks minimum previous dose 4 weeks pdd maintenance mildtomoderate ad 612 mgday mildtomoderate pdd 312 mgday twice daily rivastigmine patch exelon patch52 chei mildtomoderate ad severe ad mildtomoderate pdd td patch titration initiate 46 mg24 h 4 weeks minimum tolerated increase 95 mg24 h may increase 133 mg24 h additional 4 weeks minimum maintenance mildtomoderate ad 95 133 mg24 h severe ad 133 mg24 h mildtomoderate pdd 95 133 mg24 h apply new patch every 24 h memantine namenda66 nmda receptor antagonist moderatetosevere ad po tabletoral solution titration initiate 5 mgday increase 10 mgday 15 20 mgday 1 week minimum previous dose maintenance 20 mgday twice daily memantine namenda xr67 nmda receptor antagonist moderatetosevere ad po capsules titration initiate 7 mgday increase dose 14 21 28 mgday 1 week minimum previous dose maintenance 28 mgday daily b medical foods caprylidene axona72 medical food nutritionally supports brain metabolism mildtomoderate ad po powder added 48 oz liquid titration 810 gday 2 days increase dose 810 g every day tolerated maximum 40 gday maintenance 40 gday daily food lmethylfolatemethylcobalaminnacetylcysteine cerefolinnac triveencf nac73 medical food supports brains metabolic balance mild moderate cognitive impairment po caplet 1 capletday daily phosphatidylserinedocosahexaenoic acideicosapentaenoic acid vayacog medical food supports management lipid imbalances early memory impairment po capsule 1 capsuleday daily omega3 fatty acids uridine choline vitamins c e b6 b12 selenium folic acid souvenaid medical food supports synaptic integrity early ad po liquid 1 bottle 125 ml per day daily contrast fdaapproved drugs premarket review process exists medical foods data supporting effectiveness data exist undergone rigorous scientific scrutiny approved drugs ad alzheimers disease chei cholinesterase inhibitor er extended release nmda nmethyldaspartate pdd parkinsons disease dementia po per os oral administration td transdermal cheis three cheis donepezil aricept eisai inc woodcliff lake new jersey galantamine razadyne janssen pharmaceuticals inc titusville new jersey rivastigmine exelon capsules exelon patch novartis pharmaceuticals corporation east hanover new jersey indicated mildtomoderate ad united states donepezil rivastigmine transdermal patch also indicated severe ad4952 three cheis approved oral formulations4951 rivastigmine chei also approved delivery via transdermal patch52 approval highdose 23 mgday donepezil moderatetosevere ad based randomized clinical trial demonstrated greater cognitive efficacy versus standard dose 10 mgday53 highdose 133 mg24 h rivastigmine patch approved mildtomoderate severe ad based positive findings optima optimising transdermal exelon mildtomoderate alzheimers disease action activities daily living cognition studies respectively54 55 three cheis demonstrated clinical benefits cognitive function global clinical status5457 performance adl5456 58 proven clinically meaningful differences agents terms efficacy56 57 59 efficacy tolerability associated cheis dose dependent60 high doses may efficacious adverse events aes dose limiting agents similar tolerability profiles nausea vomiting diarrhea common aes56 gastrointestinal gi aes typically arise due peaks plasma drug concentrations61 strategies reduce dosing frequency lower peak plasma concentrations reduce rate peak concentrations reached may improve tolerability62 sustainedrelease formulation donepezil developed provide access high therapeutic doses avoiding rapid rises peak drug plasma concentrations53 donepezil 23 mgday associated greater cognitive benefits moderatetosevere ad donepezil 10 mgday ir however doserelated increase aes53 pharmacokinetic analysis predicted lower peaks plasma drug concentrations similar area curve extendedrelease er galantamine compared ir formulation63 clinical study oncedaily galantamine er twicedaily galantamine ir flexible dosing 16 24 mgday demonstrated superiority placebo cognition patients mildtomoderate ad similar incidence aes observed three groups64 providing sustained delivery 24h period transdermal delivery may improve gi tolerability permit easier access highdose efficacy compared oral dosing62 relative 6 mg twicedaily oral rivastigmine 95 mg24 h rivastigmine transdermal patch associated comparable efficacy twothirds fewer gi aes65 rivastigmine patch treatment initiated 46 mg24 h dose uptitration minimum effective dose 95 mg24 h patch least 4 weeks assuming good tolerability52 additional 4 weeks welltolerated dose may increased 133 mg24 h patch52 continued use 46 mg24 h dose considered patients weighing less 50 kg tolerability concerns patients mildtomoderate hepatic impairment52 transdermal delivery may associated application site reactions patients occurrence minimized following recommendations rivastigmine patch united states prescribing information52 include rotating application site applying patch clean dry hairless skin free redness irritation cuts burns ensuring skin free creams lotions powders prior patch application52 initiating chei treatment patients assessed 24 weeks development aes7 36 months effects cognitive function behaviorsabilities7 chei doses uptitrated according prescribing information table 24952 regular followup appointments established assess disease progression patients switched another chei develop intolerable nontransient aes respond initial agent ie continued deterioration pretreatment rate7 caregiver patient preferences change principle switching transition patient one chei another attempt improve clinical outcomes switching follow recommendations outlined relevant prescribing information4952 nmda receptor antagonist memantine namenda forest pharmaceuticals inc st louis missouri nmethyldaspartate nmda receptor antagonist indicated moderatetosevere ad table 266 67 clinical studies demonstrated efficacy memantine 20 mgday versus placebo cognition global function adl performance68 69 highdose 28 mgday oncedaily er formulation demonstrated cognitive efficacy acceptable tolerability profile compared placebo patients moderatetosevere ad receiving cheis70 memantine used monotherapy71 combination chei7 47 combining two agents different mechanisms action may improve efficacy relative singleagent therapy use memantine oral cheis may ameliorate cheirelated gi aes47 medical foods several medical foods available united states management ad andor cognitive impairment including caprylidene axona accera inc broomfield california proprietary formulation mediumchain triglycerides intended dietary management mildtomoderate ad72 cerefolin nac pamlab llc covington louisiana combination folic acid vitamin b12 nacetylcysteine intended dietary management mild cognitive impairment73 vayacog vaya pharma inc greenville south carolina combination phosphatidylserine docosahexaenoic acid eicosapentaenoic acid intended dietary management lipid imbalances associated early memory impairment74 noncarriers apolipoprotein 4 allele shown significant improvements cognitive function caprylidene75 currently limited published evidence support using folic acid vitamin b12 nacetylcysteine76 except setting hyperhomocysteinemia however older adults receiving folic acid supplementation 3 years plasma homocysteine levels reduced memory function improved compared placebo77 15week randomized doubleblind study reported phosphatidylserinecontaining omega3 fatty acids improved cognitive performance elderly memory complaints without dementia although studies required confirm findings78 souvenaid nutricia advanced medical nutrition schiphol netherlands combination omega3 fatty acids uridine choline vitamins c e b6 b12 selenium folic acid yet available united states souvenaid available europe food special medical purpose dietary means supporting synaptic integrity clinical trials patients mild ad combination demonstrated significant improvement delayed verbal memory79 80 global cognition79 performance adl81 single agent combination suit every patient clinicians construct comprehensive integrated multifaceted treatment plan reflects preferences patient caregiver recent scientific guidance clinicians prepared reassess approach achieve optimal therapeutic benefitoutcomes optimal duration chei treatment established patients clinical trials shown benefit 4 years82 continuing treatment long patients tolerate medication families support treatment reasonable maintaining open discussions family disease progression treatment outcomes may guide clinician regarding whether maintain treatment help family prepare eventual need longterm residential placement managing comorbidities one study 679 patients ad united states 61 3 medical comorbidities number increased advancing dementia severity83 controlling variables higher medical comorbidity associated worse cognitive function poorer selfcare83 data show patients ad 55 likely admitted hospital people without ad84 common medical comorbidities patients ad include cardiovascular disease thyroid dysfunction sleep apnea osteoporosis glaucoma cancer falls depression infections anorexia rheumatoid conditions incontinen
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https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.2.118
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Hilary Pinnock|Christopher Burton|Stephen Campbell|Kevin Gruffydd?Jones|Kerin L Hannon|Gaylor Hoskins|Helen Lester|David Price
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Clinical implications of the Royal College of Physicians three questions in routine asthma care: a real-life validation study
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University of Edinburgh|University of Edinburgh|Manchester Academic Health Science Centre|University of Manchester|University of Bath|University of Manchester|University of Stirling|University of Birmingham|University of Aberdeen
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annual recording royal college physicians three questions rcp3q morbidity score rewarded within uk payforperformance quality outcomes frameworkto investigate performance rcp3qs assessing control reallife practice compared validated asthma control questionnaire acq administered selfcompleted questionnairewe compared rcp3q score extracted patients computerised medical record acq selfcompleted consultation anonymous data paired practice age sex dates completion calculated sensitivity specificity rcp3q scale compared threshold goodpoor asthma control acq 1of 291 acq questionnaires returned 12 participating practices 129 could paired complete rcp3q data twentyfive 27 patients scored zero rcp3q well controlled acq 1 rcp3q score 1 predicted inadequate control acq 1 sensitivity 096 specificity 034 comparable values rcp3q2 sensitivity 050 specificity 094 intraclass correlation coefficient 013 indicated substantial variability practices exacerbations use reliever inhalers moderately correlated acq spearmans rho 03 035 may reflect different aspects controlin routine practice rcp3q score zero indicates good asthma control score 2 3 indicates poor control rcp3q score 1 good sensitivity poor specificity suboptimal control provoke enquiry consideration aspects control exacerbations use reliever inhalers
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https://doi.org/10.3109/15412555.2014.995289
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Soo Young Rieh|David R. Danielson
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Credibility: A multidisciplinary framework
| 2,007 |
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Stanford University
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annual review information science technologyvolume 41 issue 1 p 307364 availability access use credibility multidisciplinary framework soo young rieh soo young rieh university michigansearch papers authordavid r danielson david r danielson stanford universitysearch papers author soo young rieh soo young rieh university michigansearch papers authordavid r danielson david r danielson stanford universitysearch papers author first published 24 october 2008 httpsdoiorg101002aris20071440410114citations 196read full textaboutpdf toolsrequest permissionexport citationadd favoritestrack citation shareshare give accessshare full text accessshare fulltext accessplease review terms conditions use check box share fulltext version articlei read accept wiley online library terms conditions useshareable linkuse link share fulltext version article friends colleagues learn morecopy url share linkshare onemailfacebooktwitterlinkedinredditwechat references abels e g white hahn k 1997 identifying userbased 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1996 impact model performance users confidence decision models experimental examination computers human behavior 12 193207 johnson j kaye b k 1998 cruising believing comparing internet traditional sources media credibility measures journalism mass communication quarterly 75 325340 johnson j kaye b k 2000 using believing influence reliance credibility online political information among politically interested internet users journalism mass communication quarterly 77 865879 johnson j kaye b k 2002 webelievability path model examining convenience reliance predict online credibility journalism mass communication quarterly 79 619642 kapoun j 1998 teaching undergrads web evaluation guide library instruction college research library news 59 522523 kihlstrom r e riordan h 1984 advertising signal journal political economy 92 427450 kim j moon j 1998 designing towards emotional usability customer interfaces trustworthiness cyberbanking system interfaces interacting computers 10 129 kiousis 2001 public trust mistrust perceptions media credibility information age mass communication society 4 381403 kirmani rao r 2000 pain gain critical review literature signaling unobservable product quality journal marketing 64 6679 kjartansdttir widenius 1995 quality business information internet evaluation criteria applicable internet resources swedish library research 34 4350 klein l r 1998 evaluating potential interactive media new lens search versus experience goods journal business research 41 195203 klein l r 2003 creating virtual product experiences role telepresence journal interactive marketing 17 4155 kleinberg j 1999 authoritative sources hyperlinked environment journal association computing machinery 46 604632 kluger n adler 1993 person versus computermediated feedback computers human behavior 9 116 koester r luthans f 1979 impact computer choice activity decision makers replication actual users computerized mis academy management journal 22 416422 kopalle p k assuno j l 2000 indulge puffery role consumer expectations brand goodwill determining advertised actual product quality managerial decision economics 21 223241 kottemann j e davis f remus w e 1994 computerassisted decision making performance beliefs illusion control organizational behavior human decision processes 57 2637 lamberti wallace w 1990 intelligent interface design empirical assessment knowledge presentation expert systems mis quarterly 14 279311 landsbergen coursey h loveless shangraw r f 1997 decision quality confidence commitment expert systems experimental study journal public administration research theory 7 131157 leckie g j 1996 desperately seeking citations uncovering faculty assumptions undergraduate research process journal academic librarianship 22 201208 lerch f j prietula j kulik c 1997 turing effect nature trust expert systems advice p feltovich k ford r hoffman eds expertise context human machine pp 417448 menlo park ca aaai press licciardone j c smithbarbaro p coleridge 2001 use internet resource consumer health information results second osteopathic survey health care america osteosurvii journal medical internet research 3 e31 lih 2004 april wikipedia participatory journalism reliable sources metrics evaluating collaborative media news resource paper presented 5th international symposium online journalism austin tx retrieved february 2 2006 httpjmschkuhkfacultyalihpublicationsutaustin2004wikipediarc2pdf liu b harper j watt 2005 information sharing rational links viewpoint retrieval proceedings 28th annual international acm sigir conference research development information retrieval 639640 liu wang c zhang 2005 web data cleansing information retrieval using key resource page selection proceedings 14th international world wide web conference 11361137 liu z 2004 perceptions credibility scholarly information web information processing management 40 10271038 liu z huang x 2005 evaluating credibility scholarly information web cross cultural study international information library review 37 99106 luo w najdawi 2004 trustbuilding measures review consumer health portals communications acm 471 109113 luthans f koester r 1976 impact computer generated information choice activity decisionmakers academy management journal 19 328332 mackenzie b 1986 role attention mediating effect advertising attribute importance journal consumer research 13 174195 maglaughlin k l sonnenwald h 2002 user perspectives relevance criteria comparison among relevant partially relevant notrelevant judgments journal american society information science technology 53 327342 marchionini g 1995 information seeking electronic environments cambridge uk cambridge university press marsh dibben r 2003 role trust information science technology annual review information science technology 37 465498 marton c 2003 quality health information web user perceptions relevance reliability new review information behaviour research 4 195206 mashek j w mcgill l powell c 1997 lethargy 96 media covered listless campaign arlington va freedom forum mccroskey j c young j 1981 ethos credibility construct measurement three decades central states speech journal 32 2434 mcguigan g 2001 databases vs web discussion teaching use electronic resources library instruction setting internet reference services quarterly 61 3947 mckenzie p j 2003 justifying cognitive authority decisions discursive strategies information seekers library quarterly 73 261288 mehta u 2000 world wide web going internet reference services quarterly 51 5166 meola 2004 chucking ch
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https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310149
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Lalita Subramanian|Junhui Zhao|Jarcy Zee|Megan Knaus|Angela Fagerlin|Erica Perry|June Swartz|Margie McCall|Nicole Bryant|Francesca Tentori
|
Use of a Decision Aid for Patients Considering Peritoneal Dialysis and In-Center Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
| 2,019 |
Arbor Research Collaborative for Health|Arbor Research Collaborative for Health|Arbor Research Collaborative for Health|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|Center for Innovation|University of Utah|University of Michigan–Ann Arbor|DaVita Clinical Research (United States)|Vanderbilt University
|
annually 100000 us patients face difficult choice common dialysis types incenter hemodialysis peritoneal dialysis study evaluated value new decision aid assist choice dialysis modalitya parallelgroup randomized controlled trial test efficacy decision aid decisionmaking outcomesenglishspeaking us adults advanced chronic kidney disease internet access enrolled 2015participants randomly assigned decision aid intervention received information chronic kidney disease peritoneal dialysis hemodialysis value clarification exercise study website using electronic devices participants control arm required complete control questionnaire questionnaire responses used assess differences across arms decisionmaking outcomestreatment preference decisional conflict decision selfefficacy knowledge preparation decision makingof 234 consented participants 94 402 lost followup starting study among 140 70 arm started study 7 subsequently lost followup decision aid users lower decisional conflict scores 425 vs 291 p0001 higher average knowledge scores 903 vs 765 p0001 arms high decisional selfefficacy scores independent decision aid use uncertainty choice dialysis treatment declined 46 16 using decision aid almost 90 users decision aid reported helped decision makinglimited generalizability study selfselected study participants internet access speak english computer literacy high postrandomization loss followup evaluation shortterm outcomesthe decision aid improves decisionmaking outcomes immediately use implementation decision aid clinical practice may allow assessment effects patient engagement empowerment choosing dialysis modalitythis study funded patient centered outcomes research institute pcori award 1109registered clinicaltrialsgov study number nct02488317
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https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3070
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Bibha Simkhada|Maureen Porter|Edwin van Teijlingen
|
The role of mothers-in-law in antenatal care decision-making in Nepal: a qualitative study
| 2,010 |
University of Aberdeen|University of Aberdeen|Bournemouth University
|
antenatal care anc recognised way improve health outcomes pregnant women babies however 29 pregnant women receive recommended four antenatal visits nepal reasons low utilisation poorly understood many countries south asia mothersinlaw play crucial role decisions around accessing health care facilities providers paper aims explore motherinlaws role daughterinlaws anc uptake b decisionmaking process using anc services nepalindepth interviews conducted 30 purposively selected antenatal postnatal mothers half users half nonusers anc 10 husbands 10 mothersinlaw two different urban rural communitiesour findings suggest mothersinlaw sometime positive influence example encouraging women seek anc often negative like many rural women generation mothersinlaw study illiterate used anc main factors leading mothersinlaw supportencourage anc check ups expectations regarding pregnant women fulfilling household duties perceptions anc beneficial based largely past experiences scarcity resources control power relations mothersinlaw daughtersinlaw individual knowledge social class mothersinlaw users nonusers differed significantly likely effect perceptions benefits ancmothersinlaw strong influence uptake anc nepal understanding role important design target effective communitybased health promotion interventions health promotion educational interventions improve use anc target women husbands family members particularly mothersinlaw control access family resources
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20620
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Ngatho Samuel Mugo|Michael J. Dibley|Kingsley Agho
|
Prevalence and risk factors for non-use of antenatal care visits: analysis of the 2010 South Sudan household survey
| 2,015 |
University of Sydney|University of Sydney|Western Sydney University
|
antenatal care anc preventive public health intervention ensure healthy pregnancy outcomes improve survival health newborns south sudan 40 pregnant women use anc however frequency anc checks falls short recommended four visits hence study examined potential risk factors associated nonuse anc south sudan data analysis 2010 south sudan household survey second round nationally representative stratified cluster sample survey study included information 3504 women aged 1549 years given birth within two years preceding survey nonuse anc examined sixteen potential risk factors using simple multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted cluster sampling survey design prevalence nonuse anc 58 95 confidence interval ci 557 598 prevalence 13 anc visits 24 95 ci 227 267 4 visits 18 95 ci 163 193 adjusting potential confounding factors geographic regions polygamy status adjusted odds ratio aor 123 95 ci 100 151 p 0047 husband one wife mothers literacy aor 179 95 ci 131 245 p 0001 illiterate mothers knowledge newborns danger signs aor 177 95 ci 103 305 p 0040 mothers limited knowledge newborns danger signs significantly associated nonuse anc overall improvement womens access recommended number anc visits needed south sudan strategies encourage southern sudanese women pursue education well raise awareness importance anc services essential also important prioritize strategies increase access health care services rural areas well developing strategies reduce financial burden associated maternal health services
|
https://doi.org/10.2147/ndt.s277231
|
Michael Ekholuenetale|Faith Owunari Benebo|Ashibudike Francis Idebolo
|
Individual-, household-, and community-level factors associated with eight or more antenatal care contacts in Nigeria: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey
| 2,020 |
University of Ibadan|Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
|
antenatal care anc vital mechanism women obtain close attention pregnancy prevent deathrelated issues moreover improves involvement women continuum health care survive highrisk pregnancies study conducted determine prevalence identify associated factors eight anc contacts nigeriawe used nationally representative crosssectional data nigeria demographic health survey2018 total sample 7936 women included study prevalence measured percentages factors eight anc contacts examined using multilevel multivariable binary logistic regression model level significance set p005the prevalence eight anc contacts nigeria approximately 174 95 ci 161187 women least secondary education 246 times likely eight anc contacts compared women formal education women use media 237 times likely eight anc contacts compared women use media every unit increase time month anc initiation 53 reduction odds eight anc contacts rural women 60 reduction odds eight anc contacts compared urban counterparts women north east north west 74 79 reduction respectively odds eight anc contacts whereas women south east south south south west 268 500 1422 times respectively likely eight anc contacts compared women north centralthe coverage eight anc contacts low influenced individual household communitylevel factors concerted efforts improve maternal socioeconomic status well create awareness among key population optimal utilization anc
|
https://doi.org/10.1080/14649880601101408
|
Kindie Fentahun Muchie
|
Quality of antenatal care services and completion of four or more antenatal care visits in Ethiopia: a finding based on a demographic and health survey
| 2,017 |
University of Gondar
|
antenatal care anc one core interventions improving maternal outcomes average annual decline maternal mortality rate 1990 2013 5 ethiopia figure least expected 55 achieve targeted 75 19902015 moreover completion recommended four anc visits 32 study aimed examine individual household community level potential determinants completing recommended visits country 2014 ethiopian mini demographic health survey data used among women aged 1549 years 3694 given birth 5 years preceding survey included analysis robust standard error method generalized estimation equations used binary outcome variable clustered data 330 95 ci 31 5 345 women completed recommended visits total women 565 least one anc visit least one anc visit 374 visited first trimester completing recommended visits negatively associated women lower educational level lower economic conditions higher birth order rural residence positively associated community level high quality anc services received difference age region also affected completion recommended visits finding revealed need improving uptake anc services early arrival first trimester services motivating mothers begin anc confirm continuity strategies foster completing recommended visits focus upgrading quality care services community level women low economic level high birth order rural residence low educational status given special attention early late age groups given special attention regarding services
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yapd.2009.08.009
|
Nicholas N. A. Kyei|Oona M. R. Campbell|Sabine Gabrysch
|
The Influence of Distance and Level of Service Provision on Antenatal Care Use in Rural Zambia
| 2,012 |
37 Military Hospital|London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine|Heidelberg University
|
antenatal care anc presents important opportunities reach women crucial interventions studies determinants anc use often focus household individual factors investigate role health service factors partly due lack appropriate data assessed distance facilities level service provision anc facilities zambia influenced number timing anc visits quality care receivedusing 2005 zambian national health facility census classified anc facilities according level service provision geographic information system linked facility information household data 2007 dhs calculate straightline distances performed multivariable multilevel logistic regression 2405 rural births investigate influence distance care level provision three aspects anc use attendance least four visits visit first trimester receipt quality anc 4 visits skilled health worker 8 interventions found effect distance timing anc number visits better level provision closest facility associated either earlier anc attendance higher number visits however strong influence distance facility level provision closest anc facility quality anc received 10 km increase distance odds women receiving good quality anc decreased quarter increase level provision category closest facility associated 54 increase odds receiving good quality ancto improve anc quality received mothers efforts focus improving level services provided anc facilities accessibility
|
https://doi.org/10.1145/985692.985744
|
Dilaram Acharya|Vishnu Khanal|Jitendra Kumar Singh|Mandira Adhikari|Santosh Gautam
|
Impact of mass media on the utilization of antenatal care services among women of rural community in Nepal
| 2,015 |
Purbanchal University|Curtin University|Tribhuvan University|Population Services International|Purbanchal University
|
antenatal care several benefits expecting mothers birth outcomes yet many mothers utilise service nepal mass media may play important role increasing use antenatal care maternal health services however effect mass media increasing health service utilisation remained studied area nepal aim study investigate impact mass media utilisation antenatal care services rural nepala communitybased crosssectional study conducted sinurjoda village development committee dhanusha district nepal total 205 mothers children aged 1 year selected using systematic random sampling logistic regression employed examine association selected antenatal care services mass media exposure adjusting independent variablesa majority mothers exposed mass media radio accessible 600 participants followed television 4341 mothers exposed mass media likely attending antenatal visits odds ratio 628 95 ci 1013899 taking rest sleep pregnancy 265 95 ci 113626 receiving tt immunization 512 95 ci 1232124 nonexposed counterpartsthe study reported positive influence mass media utilisation antenatal care services nepal therefore emphasis given increase awareness women rural nepal mass media improve utilisation antenatal care services nepal
|
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3978
|
Garoma Wakjira Basha
|
Factors Affecting the Utilization of a Minimum of Four Antenatal Care Services in Ethiopia
| 2,019 |
Bahir Dar University
|
antenatal care defined routine care pregnant women provided conception onset labor study aimed identify factors affecting utilization antenatal care anc services ethiopiathe study used data nationally representative 2016 ethiopia demographic health survey edhs total 7167 mothers gave birth within five years preceding 2016 edhs whose complete information available survey included study logistic regression statistical analyses used identify factors associated utilization minimum 4 anc services ethiopiaamong 7167 women included study 2598 366 utilized minimum 4 anc services ethiopia study showed factors place residence region mothers education level household wealth index desire pregnancy frequency reading newspaper frequency listening radio frequency watching tv associated utilization minimum four anc services 5 level significance ethiopiastrategies increase accessibility availability healthcare services important particularly communities rural areas financial support enables mothers poor households use health services beneficial health promotion programs targeting mothers education vital increase awareness importance antenatal services
|
https://doi.org/10.2112/jcoastres-d-17-00129.1
|
Samuel Anya|Abba Hydara|Lamin Jaiteh
|
Antenatal care in The Gambia: Missed opportunity for information, education and communication
| 2,008 |
University of the Gambia|University of the Gambia|University of the Gambia
|
antenatal care widely established provides opportunity inform educate pregnant women pregnancy childbirth care newborn expected would assist women making choices would contribute good pregnancy outcome examined provision information education antenatal clinics perspective pregnant women attending clinics cross sectional survey 457 pregnant women attending six urban six rural antenatal clinics largest health division gambia undertaken women interviewed using modified antenatal client exit interview antenatal record review questionnaires safe motherhood needs assessment kit differences women attending urban rural clinics assessed using chisquare test relative risks 95 confidence intervals presented ninety percent interviewed attended antenatal clinic 52 four times pregnant women 705 said spent 3 minutes less antenatal care provider 35 recalled informed educated diet nutrition 304 care baby 236 family planning 228 place birth 193 complication 25 pregnant women said given information progress pregnancy consultation 128 asked provider question awareness danger signs low proportions women recognised signs danger 289 anaemia 246 hypertension 148 haemorrhage 129 fever 5 puerperal sepsis prolonged labour recognised danger sign women attending rural antenatal clinics 16 times likely recognise signs anaemia hypertension indicative danger compared women attending urban antenatal clinics information education communication antenatal care largest health division poor pregnant women illequipped make appropriate choices especially danger contributes persistence high maternal mortality ratios country
|
https://doi.org/10.1353/cul.2007.0009
|
Thandi van Heyningen|Simone Honikman|Mark Tomlinson|Sally Field|Landon Myer
|
Comparison of mental health screening tools for detecting antenatal depression and anxiety disorders in South African women
| 2,018 |
University of Cape Town|University of Cape Town|University of the Witwatersrand|Stellenbosch University|University of Cape Town|University of Cape Town
|
antenatal depression anxiety disorders highly prevalent low middleincome countries screening pregnant women primary care antenatal settings provides opportunity entry care data needed performance different screening tools compared five widelyused questionnaires sample pregnant women urban south africapregnant women attending primary care antenatal clinic administered five tools trained research assistants edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds patient health questionnaire phq9 kessler psychological distress scale k10 shortened 6item version k6 whooley questions twoitem generalised anxiety disorder scale gad2 following registered mental health counsellor administered mini plus structured clinical diagnostic interview area curve auc receiver operator characteristic curve analysis used summarise screening test performance cronbachs used assess internal consistencyof 376 participants 32 diagnosed either mde andor anxiety disorders five questionnaires demonstrated moderate high performance auc 078085 epds best performing instrument detecting mde k10 k6 anxiety disorder mde andor anxiety disorders epds highest auc 083 short instruments k10 auc 085 k6 auc 085 performed best k6 showing good balance sensitivity 74 specificity 85 good positive predictive value 70 whooley questions auc 081 best performing ultrashort instrument internal consistency ranged good acceptable 089071 however ppv questionnaires compared diagnostic interview ranged 54 71 optimal cutoff scoresuniversal screening case identification antenatal depression anxiety disorders lowresource settings conducted number commonly used screening instruments short ultrashort screening instruments k6 whooley questions may feasible acceptable use settings
|
https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.2980
|
John T. Abatzoglou|Crystal A. Kolden
|
Climate Change in Western US Deserts: Potential for Increased Wildfire and Invasive Annual Grasses
| 2,011 |
University of Idaho|University of Idaho|Desert Research Institute
|
anthropogenic climate change hypothesized modify spread invasive annual grasses across deserts western united states influence climate change future invasions depends climate suitability defines potential species range mechanisms facilitate invasions contractions suite downscaled climate projections mid21st century used examine changes physically based mechanisms including critical physiological temperature thresholds timing availability moisture potential large wildfires results suggest widespread changes 1 length freezefree season may favor coldintolerant annual grasses 2 changes frequency wet winters may alter potential establishment invasive annual grasses 3 earlier onset fire season lengthening window conditions conducive fire ignition growth furthering fireinvasive feedback loop propose coupled approach combining bioclimatic envelope modeling mechanistic modeling targeted given species help land managers identify locations species pose highest level overall risk conversion associated multiple stressors climate change el cambio climtico antropognico supone que habr una propagacin de la gramneas anuales invasivas en los desiertos del oeste de estados unidos la influencia del cambio climtico en futuras invasiones depende tanto de la capacidad de clima que define un rango potencial de las especies los mecanismos que faciliten las invasiones sus reducciones una serie de proyecciones del clima para la mitad del siglo 21 se utilizaron para examinar los cambios basados fsicamente se incluyeron los umbrales de temperatura fisiolgica crtica el tiempo la disponibilidad de la temperatura como la posibilidad de grandes fuegos sin control los resultados sugieren cambios generalizados en 1 la duracin de la temporada libre de heladas que pudiera favorecer especies de gramneas anules que toleran el frio 2 cambios en la frecuencia de inviernos hmedos que pueden alterar el potencial para el establecimiento de gramneas anuales invasivas 3 un inicio ms temprano de la temporada de incendios como el alargamiento en la oportunidad durante las condiciones son propicias para el inicio del fuego el crecimiento de especies invasivas que fomentan la retroalimentacin del fuego proponemos un enfoque mutuo combinando la cobertura del modelaje bioclimtico con el modelo mecanstico dirigido especies especificas esto puede ayudar los manejadores de los recursos identificar lugares especies que representan el mayor riesgo de conversin asociada con los mltiples factores estresantes del cambio climtico
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2017.10.020
|
Christoph Heinze|Thorsten Blenckner|Helena Martins|Dagmara Rusiecka|Ralf Döscher|Marion Gehlen|Nicolas Gruber|Elisabeth A. Holland|Øystein Hov|Fortunat Joos|J. B. Matthews|Rolf Rødven|Simon Wilson
|
The quiet crossing of ocean tipping points
| 2,021 |
University of Bergen|Stockholm Resilience Centre|Stockholm University|Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute|University of Bergen|Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute|Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement|CEA Saclay|Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission|ETH Zurich|Board of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology|University of the South Pacific|Norwegian Meteorological Institute|Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters|University of Bern|Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research|University of East London|Arctic Monitoring And Assessment Programme|Arctic Monitoring And Assessment Programme
|
anthropogenic climate change profoundly alters oceans environmental conditions turn impact marine ecosystems changes happening fast may difficult reverse identification monitoring changes also includes tipping points ongoing emerging research effort prevention negative impacts requires mitigation efforts based feasible researchbased pathways climateinduced tipping points traditionally associated singular catastrophic events relative natural variations dramatic negative impact highprobability highimpact ocean tipping points due warming ocean acidification deoxygenation may fragmented regionally time add global dimensions tipping points combination gradual changes need addressed seriously singular catastrophic events order prevent cumulative often compounding negative societal earth system impacts
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113697
|
Anna Barker|Kelly Brown|Muneeb Ahsan|Shamik Sengupta|Nasia Safdar
|
Social determinants of antibiotic misuse: a qualitative study of community members in Haryana, India
| 2,017 |
University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin–Madison|Medanta The Medicity|Medanta The Medicity|University of Wisconsin–Madison
|
antibiotic resistance global public health crisis india alone multidrug resistant organisms responsible 58000 infant deaths year major driver drug resistance antibiotic misuse pervasive phenomenon worldwide due shortage trained doctors access licensed allopathic doctors limited indias villages pharmacists unlicensed medical providers commonly primary sources healthcare patients also key participants decision treat illness antibiotics thus better understanding patientprovider interactions may contribute patients inappropriate use antibiotics critical reducing practices urban rural indian villageswe conducted qualitative study social determinants antibiotic use among twenty community members haryana india semistructured interview questions focused two domains typical antibiotic use motivation behind practices crosssectional pilot survey investigated twenty participants understanding usage antibiotics interview openended survey responses translated transcribed coded themesantibiotics implications misuse poorly understood study participants participant able correctly define term antibiotics participants limited access allopathic doctor either logistic economic reasons likely purchase medications directly pharmacy without prescription low income participants also likely prematurely stop antibiotics symptoms subsided regardless income participants likely seek allopathic doctor children themselvesthe prevalent misuse antibiotics among community members reinforces importance conducting research develop effective strategies stemming tide antibiotic resistance indias villages
|
https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0b013e3182a977da
|
Shreya Agarwal
|
Antibiotics Use and Misuse in Children: A Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Survey of Parents in India
| 2,015 | null |
antibiotic resistance topic global concern days irrational excessive use antibiotics general public one key factors responsible thisthrough study aim analyse knowledge attitude practices antibiotics use among parents children presenting tertiary care hospital india also correlate gender education level previous use antibiotics parentsa cross sectional study conducted tertiary care hospital navi mumbai india september november 2014 total 1000 parents interviewed using questionnaire designed authors descriptive statistics used analysis dataa total 872 parents included study around one every four 28 parents correctly identified antibiotics used bacterial infections 155 parents knew meaning term antibiotic resistance majority respondents appreciated unnecessary use antibiotics could harm child 736 noteworthy 852 parents stated dont use leftover antibiotics previous prescription next time without doctors consult males parents higher level formal education use antibiotics previously found knowledge regarding antibiotics lesser misconceptions p005overall study found misconceptions exist use indications antibiotics lack knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance prevalent participants aware risks associated use excessive antibiotics interaction paediatricians involvement mass media may help improve antibiotics knowledge practices among parents consequently control problem antibiotic resistance
|
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2009.03.029
|
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