Datasets:

Yusuf5

/

OpenCaselistLI

like 1

impact turns

biod bad – biopiracy

2nc---internal---researchers

They can easily develop and use.

ETC Group, ’07---International civil society organization based in Canada dedicated to the conservation and sustainable advancement of cultural and ecological diversity and human rights. (ETC Group, “Extreme Genetic Engineering: An Introduction to Synthetic Biology,” pp. 46, published January 2007, https://www.cbd.int/doc/emerging-issues/etcgroup-introduction-synthetic-biology-2011-013-en.pdf, accessed 20 June 2021, //Mojica)

ETC Group, ’07

Mechanism Links

Energy/Oil Mechanism Links

Energy Spending - Solyndra fight link

Energy incentives drawn in - reignite congressional fight over solyndra – and spurs committee gridlock

E&E Daily, 12 (Environment and Energy Daily, 1/17, lexis)

E&E Daily, 12

Sino-Russia Turn

Case

AT: CCP Resilient

Energy security underpins the Chinese economy --- economic decline undermines CCP stability

Zweig and Jianhai 5 (David Zweig and Bi Jianhai, September/October 2005, "China's Global Hunt for Energy," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/asia/2005-09-01/chinas-global-hunt-energy) ank

Zweig and Jianhai 5

Sino-Russian Alliance Good

arctic !

2nc – i/l – ccp

Energy security underpins the Chinese economy --- economic decline undermines CCP stability

Zweig and Jianhai 5 (David Zweig and Bi Jianhai, September/October 2005, "China's Global Hunt for Energy," Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/asia/2005-09-01/chinas-global-hunt-energy) ank

Zweig and Jianhai 5

Case

2

8. The aff leads to more oppressive policies – some objective notions of language are key to check back against violence

Jones 04 – (August 2004, Branwen Gruffydd, PhD in Development Studies from the University of Sussex, Senior Lecturer in International Political Economy at Goldsmiths University of London, “From Eurocentrism to Epistemological Internationalism: power, knowledge and objectivity in International Relations,” Paper presented at Theorising Ontology, Annual Conference of the International Association for Critical Realism, University of Cambridge, http://www.csog.group.cam.ac.uk/iacr/papers/Jones.pdf)

Jones 04

1NR

Relations

***A2 Russia-China A/O

3. Sino-Russian cooperation is inevitable despite differences. Aligned geopolitical interests and too many joint projects outside early warning.

W. Drezner 19, Professor of International Politics, Fletcher School, Tufts University, 4-03-2019, "Expert Round-Up: How Likely Is a China-Russia Military Alliance?," https://russiamatters.org/analysis/expert-round-how-likely-china-russia-military-alliance

Drezner 19

2NC – Court PTX

2NC – Link

2NC/1NR – Activism – Democracy

Judicial activism undermines democracy and the predictability of law

O’Scannlain 2000 — Diarmuid F. O’Scannlain, a federal appeals judge with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, J.D. degree from Harvard Law School, 2000 (“On Judicial Activism,” Open Spaces: Views from the Northwest, Available Online at http://open-spaces.com/articles/on-judicial-activism/, Accessed 08-27-2017)

O’Scannlain 2000

1NC

China

1NC

***“Accidents” and “miscalc” are wrong

Beauchamp 14, Writer for ThinkProgress and Vox, M.Sc. in international relations from the London School of Economics, 2014 (Zach Beauchamp, 2-7-2014, “Why Everyone Needs To Stop Freaking Out About War With China,” ThinkProgress, https://thinkprogress.org/why-everyone-needs-to-stop-freaking-out-about-war-with-china-29354eaa709d#.iwfkfwd3p)

Beauchamp 14

2NC

Abolition K

They say: “Perm”

Reject their hyper-focus on the death penalty — why do executions count as “inherently tortuous” and “inflict trauma” but so other sentences like, life without parole, mandatory minimums, etc or daily police interactions and violence not??

*We’re Green

1NC

Cartels

Turn

Decline causes transition – changes entrenched models of growth and empowers calls for degrowth

Derk Loorbach 16, director of DRIFT and Professor of Socio-economic Transitions at the Faculty of Social Science, both at Erasmus University Rotterdam, “The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions,” Ecology and Society, Volume 21, Issue 4, 2016, http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol21/iss4/art15/

Loorbach 16

1NR

Cartels

Turn

Decline causes transition – changes entrenched models of growth and empowers calls for degrowth

Derk Loorbach 16, director of DRIFT and Professor of Socio-economic Transitions at the Faculty of Social Science, both at Erasmus University Rotterdam, “The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions,” Ecology and Society, Volume 21, Issue 4, 2016, http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol21/iss4/art15/

Loorbach 16

OFF

China

1NC – Russia

Decline causes transition – changes entrenched models of growth and empowers calls for degrowth

Derk Loorbach 16, director of DRIFT and Professor of Socio-economic Transitions at the Faculty of Social Science, both at Erasmus University Rotterdam, “The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions,” Ecology and Society, Volume 21, Issue 4, 2016, http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol21/iss4/art15/

Loorbach 16

2NC

Russia

1NC – Russia

Decline causes transition – changes entrenched models of growth and empowers calls for degrowth

Derk Loorbach 16, director of DRIFT and Professor of Socio-economic Transitions at the Faculty of Social Science, both at Erasmus University Rotterdam, “The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions,” Ecology and Society, Volume 21, Issue 4, 2016, http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol21/iss4/art15/

Loorbach 16

OFF

Advantage 1

1NC

Decline causes transition – changes entrenched models of growth and empowers calls for degrowth

Derk Loorbach 16, director of DRIFT and Professor of Socio-economic Transitions at the Faculty of Social Science, both at Erasmus University Rotterdam, “The economic crisis as a game changer? Exploring the role of social construction in sustainability transitions,” Ecology and Society, Volume 21, Issue 4, 2016, http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol21/iss4/art15/

Loorbach 16

***NEG DETERRENCE CP***

2NC – Deterrence Solves

Chinese maritime aggression is the result of decades of Chinese military developments --- only a strong counter-A2AD deterrent posture can prevent forceful Chinese maritime claims --- accepting strategic friction is necessary.

Dr. Andrew S. Erickson, Winter 2016. Associate professor in the Naval War College’s China Maritime Studies Institute, associate in research at Harvard University’s John King Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies. “AMERICA’S SECURITY ROLE IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA,” Naval War College Review, 69.1, https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/9bb6b27b-509c-44c9-bd32-8967632939ee/Americas-Security-Role-in-the-South-China-Sea.aspx.

Erickson 2016

1NR

Stimulus DA---1NR

1NR---Link Turns Case

Link alone turns the case---the plan would be perceived as nullified by the overwhelming domestic backlash

Wright 20, Director of the Center on the United States and Europe, Senior Fellow In the Project on International Order and Strategy at the Brookings Institution, contributing writer for The Atlantic, and nonresident fellow at the Lowy Institute for International Policy (Thomas, The Folly of Retrenchment: Why America Can’t Withdraw From the World, Foreign Affairs, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2020-02-10/folly-retrenchment)

Wright 20

1NC

4

Federal title I reform provokes congressional debate

Cook & Camera 16 [Lindsey Cook and Lauren Camera U.S. News & World Report data editor & education reporter at U.S. News & World Report,, June 1, 2016, US News & World Report, “Is There a Better Way to Allocate Federal Funding for Poor Children?”, https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-06-01/four-better-ways-to-allocate-federal-funding-for-poor-children)

Cook & Camera 16

1NC v. SWW

Off

4

The description of the modern climate situation as “the anthropocene” replicates a Eurocentric framing of the world that blames all humans for climate change. The PIK frames climate disaster through the concept of “the Holocene.” This is key to breaking away from the homogenized description of the Anthropocene

Morrison ’15 (Kathleen, Department of Anthropology at the University of Chicago, “Provincializing the Anthropocence”, Seminar 637, September 2015, pgs. 75-79, //GBSDebate)

Morrison ’15

1NC v Berkeley Prep TZ

Off

2

The description of the modern climate situation as “the anthropocene” replicates a Eurocentric framing of the world that blames all humans for climate change. The PIK frames climate disaster through the concept of “the Holocene.” This is key to breaking away from the homogenized description of the Anthropocene

Morrison ’15 (Kathleen, Department of Anthropology at the University of Chicago, “Provincializing the Anthropocence”, Seminar 637, September 2015, pgs. 75-79, //GBSDebate)

Morrison ’15

1AC---SSA

1AC- Contention Two

Space is an open-ground for Cooperation now – the Wolf Amendment prevents this and escalates already high tensions

David 15 (Leonard, The former director of research for the National Commission on Space and is co-author of Buzz Aldrin's 2013 book "Mission to Mars) “US-China Cooperation in Space: Is It Possible, and What's in Store?” http://www.space.com/29671-china-nasa-space-station-cooperation.html

David 15

1AC

1AC- Contention Two

Space is an open-ground for Cooperation now – the Wolf Amendment prevents this and escalates already high tensions

David 15 (Leonard, The former director of research for the National Commission on Space and is co-author of Buzz Aldrin's 2013 book "Mission to Mars) “US-China Cooperation in Space: Is It Possible, and What's in Store?” http://www.space.com/29671-china-nasa-space-station-cooperation.html

David 15

1AC

1AC- Contention Two

Space is an open-ground for Cooperation now – the Wolf Amendment prevents this and escalates already high tensions

David 15 (Leonard, The former director of research for the National Commission on Space and is co-author of Buzz Aldrin's 2013 book "Mission to Mars) “US-China Cooperation in Space: Is It Possible, and What's in Store?” http://www.space.com/29671-china-nasa-space-station-cooperation.html

David 15

1AC

1AC- Contention Two

Space is an open-ground for Cooperation now – the Wolf Amendment prevents this and escalates already high tensions

David 15 (Leonard, The former director of research for the National Commission on Space and is co-author of Buzz Aldrin's 2013 book "Mission to Mars) “US-China Cooperation in Space: Is It Possible, and What's in Store?” http://www.space.com/29671-china-nasa-space-station-cooperation.html

David 15

1AC

1AC- Contention Two

Space is an open-ground for Cooperation now – the Wolf Amendment prevents this and escalates already high tensions

David 15 (Leonard, The former director of research for the National Commission on Space and is co-author of Buzz Aldrin's 2013 book "Mission to Mars) “US-China Cooperation in Space: Is It Possible, and What's in Store?” http://www.space.com/29671-china-nasa-space-station-cooperation.html

David 15

1AC

1AC- Contention Two

Space is an open-ground for Cooperation now – the Wolf Amendment prevents this and escalates already high tensions

David 15 (Leonard, The former director of research for the National Commission on Space and is co-author of Buzz Aldrin's 2013 book "Mission to Mars) “US-China Cooperation in Space: Is It Possible, and What's in Store?” http://www.space.com/29671-china-nasa-space-station-cooperation.html

David 15

1AC---SSA

1AC- Contention Two

Space is an open-ground for Cooperation now – the Wolf Amendment prevents this and escalates already high tensions

David 15 (Leonard, The former director of research for the National Commission on Space and is co-author of Buzz Aldrin's 2013 book "Mission to Mars) “US-China Cooperation in Space: Is It Possible, and What's in Store?” http://www.space.com/29671-china-nasa-space-station-cooperation.html

David 15

1AC

1AC- Contention Two

Space is an open-ground for Cooperation now – the Wolf Amendment prevents this and escalates already high tensions

David 15 (Leonard, The former director of research for the National Commission on Space and is co-author of Buzz Aldrin's 2013 book "Mission to Mars) “US-China Cooperation in Space: Is It Possible, and What's in Store?” http://www.space.com/29671-china-nasa-space-station-cooperation.html

David 15

1AC---SSA

Contention Two

Space is an open-ground for Cooperation now – the Wolf Amendment prevents this and escalates already high tensions

David 15 (Leonard, The former director of research for the National Commission on Space and is co-author of Buzz Aldrin's 2013 book "Mission to Mars) “US-China Cooperation in Space: Is It Possible, and What's in Store?” http://www.space.com/29671-china-nasa-space-station-cooperation.html

David 15

1AC

1AC- Contention Two

Space is an open-ground for Cooperation now – the Wolf Amendment prevents this and escalates already high tensions

David 15 (Leonard, The former director of research for the National Commission on Space and is co-author of Buzz Aldrin's 2013 book "Mission to Mars) “US-China Cooperation in Space: Is It Possible, and What's in Store?” http://www.space.com/29671-china-nasa-space-station-cooperation.html

David 15

1NR---Round 1---Shirley

CP---Antitrust

Antitrust---Impact---AT: Impact Turn

The 1AC should be responsible for its broader consequences.

Bracey 6 [Christopher; September; Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis; Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318]

Bracey 6

-----Economy Disads-----

*****Spending DA*****

Link—OTEC

OTEC is super expensive and not economically viable

Friedman 06 (Becca Friedman, Harvard Political Review Writer, 2006, “EXAMINING THE FUTURE OF OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION,” http://www.oceanenergycouncil.com/examining-future-ocean-thermal-energy-conversion/)

Friedman 06 (

2AC

CP

AG/States CP

AG can only reschedule marijuana---can’t remove it from the CSA entirely

Jacob Sullum 14, senior editor at Reason magazine and a nationally syndicated columnist, 2/7/14, “More Than Zero: Reclassifying Marijuana Could Have A Significant Impact On Drug Policy,” http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobsullum/2014/02/07/more-than-zero-reclassifying-marijuana-would-have-a-significant-impact-on-drug-policy/

Sullum 14

Aff Answers

Wall Bad – Environment

No Link – No Wall Horse-Trading

Trump won’t trade DACA reform for the wall – his base opposes granting citizenship to immigrants more than they want a border wall

Bacon, FiveThirtyEight senior writer, 18 [Perry Bacon Jr., 2-22-2018, FiveThirtyEight, "Why Trump Isn’t Taking Democrats’ Offer For A Wall" https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-trump-isnt-taking-democrats-offer-for-a-wall// accessed: 7-20-2018//quan]

Bacon, FiveThirtyEight senior writer, 18

RKS Signature File – Psychoanalysis K – Anthony Nguyen

Links

Demand vs Policy

The plan is an attempt to feign unicity to compensate for the inevitable failed unicity in social relations. The reading of the 1AC can never adequate to the world so while they recognize the limits of their discourse, they simultaneously operate as if those limits don’t exist. Debate is structured by an agential fantasy. They are an impotent academic offering, merely a trope of the policy supposedly signified, that is answered and alleviated by judges only to restart the cycle that is invested in debate’s contradictions.

Lundberg 12 (Christian Lundberg is an Associate Professor of Rhetoric at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and co-Director of the University Program in Cultural Studies, “Lacan in Public: Psychoanalysis and the Science of Rhetoric,” 11/26/12) AqN

Lundberg 12 AqN

1NR

T

Interpretation EXTS Universal and Comprehensive

NHI must be universal coverage with a comprehensive package

Roberts 15 – MD, MBA, Director, University of the West Indies School of Clinical medicine & Research (Robin, “Sparking the Debate: The Introduction of National Health Insurance in the Bahamas,” p. 17)

Roberts 15

2ac

3- Solvency

NHI must be universal coverage with a comprehensive package

Roberts 15 – MD, MBA, Director, University of the West Indies School of Clinical medicine & Research (Robin, “Sparking the Debate: The Introduction of National Health Insurance in the Bahamas,” p. 17)

Roberts 15

t

3- Solvency

NHI must be universal coverage with a comprehensive package

Roberts 15 – MD, MBA, Director, University of the West Indies School of Clinical medicine & Research (Robin, “Sparking the Debate: The Introduction of National Health Insurance in the Bahamas,” p. 17)

Roberts 15

1NC – Michigan R2

Terror Advantage

AI leadership bad—1nc

US AI leadership causes conflict escalation – increases tensions and the possibility of first strike use – causes nuclear war

Geist and Lohn, 4-24-18, (Edward, PhD in Political science, Associate policy researcher at the RAND Corporation, Andrew, PhD in electrical engineering, Engineer at the RAND Corporation, Report conducted with data collected from nuclear-security professionals and AI researchers from government and commercial fields) "How Might Artificial Intelligence Affect the Risk of Nuclear War?," RAND Corporation , https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE296.html

Geist Lohn 18

2NC

Adv 2

Adv 2

The most DIRECT empirical evidence demonstrates no relationship

Wright et al., J.D., PhD, University Professor and Executive Director, Global Antitrust Institute at Scalia Law School, former FTC Commissioner, ‘18

Wright et al. ‘18

Block

Inequality adv

2NC – AT: inequality – T/L

The most DIRECT empirical evidence demonstrates no relationship

Wright et al., J.D., PhD, University Professor and Executive Director, Global Antitrust Institute at Scalia Law School, former FTC Commissioner, ‘18

Wright et al. ‘18

1nc – Kentucky r2

2

K – Capitalism

The alternative is Afro-Marxism – you should endorse a Leninist line against colonial capitalism. Alt alone solves – only a vanguard party, not ontological theorizing, can solve material super exploitation and energize nationalism to fight the Global North’s imperial capital.

Okoth 20 (Kevin Ochieng Okoth, MPhil in Political Theory at University of Oxford. “The Flatness of Blackness: Afro-Pessimism and the Erasure of Anti-Colonial Thought.” https://salvage.zone/issue-seven/the-flatness-of-blackness-afro-pessimism-and-the-erasure-of-anti-colonial-thought/?fbclid=IwAR2HUmzVvPWlokXjUhdFYjTDWLX4wTcS1MxbH1pogzBtz6Lu4-iCXA4d1sw ) Note – Okoth abbreviates afropessimism as “AP” throughout his work

Okoth 20 )

2

Removing funding collapses Egyptian stability which jeopardizes ISIS resistant efforts

Clingan 18 [Bruce, former Commander of U.S. Naval Forces Europe and U.S. Naval Forces Africa. He traveled to Egypt in May as part of the Jewish Institute for National Security of America, Benjamin Gettler International Policy Delegation to assess U.S. policy toward Egypt and provide recommendations for American policymakers, The U.S. is Right to Restore Aid to Egypt, Reuters, July 30, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-clingan-egypt-commentary/commentary-the-u-s-is-right-to-restore-aid-to-egypt-idUSKBN1KK1YE, NK]

Clingan 18

A2: Offcase

A2: Congressional Politics DA

2AC --- A2: Congressional Politics DA

Courts don’t link

Mazzone 18 --- Jassone Mazzone, Albert E. Jenner, Jr. Professor of Law, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, “Above Politics: Congress and the Supreme Court in 2017,” Chicago-Kent Law Review Vol 93 Iss 2 Art 5, Aug 9 2018, https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4207&context=cklawreview

Mazzone 18 https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4207&context=cklawreview

Federalism DA: Tophself

Link

L: A2 “Choice/Money”

Still coerce—these are worse…

NAME: Shannon K. McGovern Shannon K. McGovern. J.D., 2011, New York University School of Law; B.A., 2008, Boston University. “NOTE: A NEW MODEL FOR STATES AS LABORATORIES FOR REFORM: HOW FEDERALISM INFORMS EDUCATION POLICY” Copyright (c) 2011 New York University Law Review New York University Law Review November, 2011 New York University Law Review 86 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 1519 LENGTH: 16904 words Lexis

McGovern 2011

2AC

New START – 2AC

Empirics deny causality---compartmentalization---there’s no trade off and we can negotiate multiple things at once

Usha Sahay 14. Assistant editor at War on the Rocks. 04-01-2014. “Over-commitment is not the problem.” http://warontherocks.com/2014/04/over-commitment-is-not-the-problem/

Sahay 14

Offcase Answers

AT Mandatory Service / Conscription CP

Draft Links to Politics

The draft fails and is unpopular

Carafano, PhD, 17 (James J., VP @ Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute, PhD & MA @ Georgetown, "The Draft Should be Left Out in the Cold", 5/18/17, Accessed 6/30/17, http://www.heritage.org/defense/commentary/the-draft-should-be-left-out-the-cold) SSN

Carafano, PhD, 17

1NR

Russia

1NR – OV

Only U.S.-Russian war accesses extinction

Owen Cotton-Barratt et al, 17 - PhD in Pure Mathematics, Oxford, Lecturer in Mathematics at Oxford, Research Associate at the Future of Humanity Institute; “Existential Risk: Diplomacy and Governance,” https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/Existential-Risks-2017-01-23.pdf

Barratt 17

2NC

Cap K

AT: Link D

Independently---their use of borrowed afropessmist language has an affective purchase that makes collective organizing impossible.

Rahul Rao 20, Senior Lecturer in Politics at SOAS University of London and author of Out of Time: The Queer Politics of Postcoloniality (2020), and a member of the Radical Philosophy editorial collective, “Neoliberal antiracism and the British University,” Radical Philosophy 2.08, Fall 2020, https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/34227/1/rp208_rao.pdf

Rao 20

1AC

Framework

5] Default to probability – any other model of risk calculus collapses in on itself

Kessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” p. 211-232)

Kessler 08

1AC

Framework

5] Default to probability – any other model of risk calculus collapses in on itself

Kessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” p. 211-232)

Kessler 08

1AC

Framework

5] Default to probability – any other model of risk calculus collapses in on itself

Kessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” p. 211-232)

Kessler 08

1AC

Framework

5] Default to probability – any other model of risk calculus collapses in on itself

Kessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” p. 211-232)

Kessler 08

1AC

\ramework

5] Default to probability – any other model of risk calculus collapses in on itself

Kessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” p. 211-232)

Kessler 08

Framework

5] Default to probability – any other model of risk calculus collapses in on itself

Kessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” p. 211-232)

Kessler 08

1AC

1AC Core

Framework

5] Default to probability – any other model of risk calculus collapses in on itself

Kessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” p. 211-232)

Kessler 08

1AC

Framework

5] Default to probability – any other model of risk calculus collapses in on itself

Kessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” p. 211-232)

Kessler 08

1AC

Framework

5] Default to probability – any other model of risk calculus collapses in on itself

Kessler 08 (Oliver; April 2008; PhD in IR, professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, and professor of history and theory of IR at the Faculty of Arts; Alternatives, Vol. 33, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” p. 211-232)

Kessler 08

Midterms DA – NDI 6 Week 2017

2NC – Natives Link

2NC – Arizona Module

It’s the lynchpin of the election.

Lachman 14 (Samantha, Huffington Post, “Key Congressional Races May Hinge On Support From Native Americans, Alaska Natives”, 08/28/2014, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/28/elections-native-americans_n_5698346.html)

Lachman 14 (Samantha, Huffington Post, “Key Congressional Races May Hinge On Support From Native Americans, Alaska Natives”, 08/28/2014, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/28/elections-native-americans_n_5698346.html)

Immigration Aff

1AC

Relations Advantage---1AC

Mexico’s key to broader Latin American relations

Pamela K. Starr 9, director of the U.S.-Mexico Network and Associate Professor of International Relations at USC April 2009, "Mexico and the United States: A Window of Opportunity?," http://www.pacificcouncil.org/document.doc?id=35

Starr 9

Immigration Aff

Relations Advantage

Mexico Key to LA Relations

Mexico’s key to broader Latin American relations

Pamela K. Starr 9, director of the U.S.-Mexico Network and Associate Professor of International Relations at USC April 2009, "Mexico and the United States: A Window of Opportunity?," http://www.pacificcouncil.org/document.doc?id=35

Starr 9

Block

Transition DA

2NC – A/C

Our fiat link overcome any of their generic uniqueness arguments – the decisive factor in a transition is the ability substantively to implement the new President’s priorities – the plan makes that impossible

Rebecca Lissner, Aug 12, 2020 (Assistant professor in the Strategic and Operational Research Department at the U.S. Naval War College. Previously, she was a research fellow at the University of Pennsylvania's Perry World House; a Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations; and a Brady-Johnson Fellow at Yale University’s International Security Studies. She has served as a special advisor to the Deputy Secretary of Energy. PhD Georgetown. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/08/other-way-trump-could-destroy-next-presidency/615130/)

Lissner 2020

Negative

Impact: Solvency Takeout: General

Intelligence legalism prevents real reform and ensures policy failure

Schlanger, 15

Schlanger, 15

Topicality/Framework Starter Set – SDI 2018

Impact — Deliberation Skills

Topicality facilitates a process of successive debates that develops deliberation skills and fosters appreciation for multiple perspectives. Abandoning the topic forecloses debate’s educational and democratic benefits.

Lundberg 10 — Christian O. Lundberg, Associate Professor of Rhetoric in the Department of Communication Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, holds a Ph.D. in Communication Studies from Northwestern University, 2010 (“The Allred Initiative and Debate Across the Curriculum: Reinventing the Tradition of Debate at North Carolina,” Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century, Edited by Allan D. Louden, Published by the International Debate Education Association, ISBN 9781617700293, p. 299)

Lundberg 10

1NC

OFF

3

Engagement on areas of mutual interests increases overall positive cooperation – that leads to rising expectations

Yan 10 – Professor and Dean of the Institute of Modern International Relations(Xuetong Yan, 2010, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Volume 3, 263–292) DZ

Yan 10

1NC

OFF

Yan DA

Engagement on areas of mutual interests increases overall positive cooperation – that leads to rising expectations

Yan 10 – Professor and Dean of the Institute of Modern International Relations(Xuetong Yan, 2010, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Volume 3, 263–292) DZ

Yan 10

1NC

OFF

Yan

Engagement on areas of mutual interests increases overall positive cooperation – that leads to rising expectations

Yan 10 – Professor and Dean of the Institute of Modern International Relations(Xuetong Yan, 2010, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Volume 3, 263–292) DZ

Yan 10

1NC

OFF

2

Engagement on areas of mutual interests increases overall positive cooperation – that leads to rising expectations

Yan 10 – Professor and Dean of the Institute of Modern International Relations(Xuetong Yan, 2010, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Volume 3, 263–292) DZ

Yan 10

1NC

CASE

Relations

Engagement on areas of mutual interests increases overall positive cooperation – that leads to rising expectations

Yan 10 – Professor and Dean of the Institute of Modern International Relations(Xuetong Yan, 2010, The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Volume 3, 263–292) DZ

Yan 10

3

U.S. ag subsidies and regulatory exemptions undermine ag innovations and tech development --- pricing-in the cost of water pollution is ESSENTIAL to spurring innovation.

Finney ‘21

Finney ‘21

1AC– Woodward v2

3

U.S. ag subsidies and regulatory exemptions undermine ag innovations and tech development --- pricing-in the cost of water pollution is ESSENTIAL to spurring innovation.

Finney ‘21

Finney ‘21

2NC

Case: State Action

4. Populism D: No Impact—1NC

Their card also CONCEDES the mcarran ferguson act ALSO devastates the same suits as filed rate doctrine—they do nothing about this.

Stewart E. Sterk 21, H. Bert and Ruth Mack Professor of Real Estate Law Cardozo Law School, 03/02/2021, Title Insurance: Protecting Property at What Price, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3796556

Sterk 21

**US-Cuban Relations Advantage

Resource Wars Section

Will escalate

( ) Deterrence gets warped – energy conflicts rapidly escalate

Cabral ‘10

Cabral ‘10

**US-Cuban Relations Advantage

Resource Wars Section

Will escalate

( ) Deterrence gets warped – energy conflicts rapidly escalate

Cabral ‘10

Cabral ‘10

1NC

DA

Trump causes Russia and China war

Cohen 3-28-2016 (Roger, "Trump's New World Disorder," New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/opinion/donald-trumps-new-world-disorder.html) MattG

Cohen 3-28

Aff

Terrorists

Terrorists want to get LAWs

Ware 19 (Jacob Ware, terrorism annalist, writer for war on rocks, September 24, 2019. “Terrorist groups, Artificial Intelligence, and Killer Drones”. https://warontherocks.com/2019/09/terrorist-groups-artificial-intelligence-and-killer-drones/.)

Ware 19

Aff

FW

Consequentialism Good

Refusing to assume responsibility for the consequences of their [ontological/epistemological/whatever] starting point enables political disaster—their args about ontological entanglement with the rest of the world prove this

Zanotti 17

Zanotti 17

Defending Debate with William Connolly and the MMMR Lab

Second Level

Consequentialism

Refusing to assume responsibility for the consequences of their [ontological/epistemological/whatever] starting point enables political disaster—their args about ontological entanglement with the rest of the world prove this

Zanotti, 17—Associate Professor Department of Political Science, Virginia Tech (Laura, “Reorienting IR: Ontological Entanglement, Agency, and Ethics,” International Studies Review, January 13, 2017, dml)

Zanotti, 17

Aff

FW

Consequentialism Good

Refusing to assume responsibility for the consequences of their [ontological/epistemological/whatever] starting point enables political disaster—their args about ontological entanglement with the rest of the world prove this

Zanotti 17

Zanotti 17

2AC

2AC -- K -- Capitalism

2AC -- A2 Identity Politics

Discussions of identity are marginalized in educational spaces under the guise of being “difficult” or “unrelated” to the subject matter – their movement replicates this by refusing to engage with black scholars and activists in order to preserve the integrity of their anticapitalist movement.

Grant ’20 -- Derisa Grant is an assistant teaching professor at the University of Southern California Rossier School of Education and a consultant on equitable and inclusive pedagogy. Previously, she was an associate director of faculty development and pedagogy at Stanford University (Derisa Grant, 7-15-2020, "Why classroom conversations about diversity and identity shouldn't be framed as difficult (opinion)," No Publication, https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2020/07/15/why-classroom-conversations-about-diversity-and-identity-shouldnt-be-framed, accessed 7-2-2021) //nikki

Grant ’20

2AC

2AC -- K -- Capitalism

2AC -- Link -- AT: Identity Politics

Discussions of identity are marginalized in educational spaces under the guise of being “difficult” or “unrelated” to the subject matter – their movement replicates this by refusing to engage with black scholars and activists in order to preserve the integrity of their anticapitalist movement.

Grant ’20 -- Derisa Grant is an assistant teaching professor at the University of Southern California Rossier School of Education and a consultant on equitable and inclusive pedagogy. Previously, she was an associate director of faculty development and pedagogy at Stanford University (Derisa Grant, 7-15-2020, "Why classroom conversations about diversity and identity shouldn't be framed as difficult (opinion)," No Publication, https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2020/07/15/why-classroom-conversations-about-diversity-and-identity-shouldnt-be-framed, accessed 7-2-2021) //nikki

Grant ’20

2nc – impact o/v

decline causes escalatory spheres of influence – military and economic blocs are inherently competitive and will form in key hotspot regions – history proves – sino-russian competition and allied adventurism ensures conflict even if the US stays out – that’s twining

Neg

J1 Counterplan

Competitiveness

Labor costs will rise in industries reliant on low-skilled workers

Alvarez 17, Priscilla Alvarez, Assistant editor at The Atlantic, "Is a 'Merit-Based' Immigration System a Good Idea?", March 11, 2017, The Atlantic, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/03/trump-cotton-perdue-merit-based-immigration-system/518985/

Alvarez 17

2AC

Congress

AT: Circumvention

4. President complies and binds chain of command

Jeremy J. Stone 84. President of the Federation of American Scientists. (Autumn, 1984). "Presidential First Use Is Unlawful," Foreign Policy, No. 56.

Stone 84

2NC

Politics

China Dedev

Russia-China conflict causes extinction

Sharavin 1 [Alexander, What the Papers Say, 10-3-01, The Third Threat]

Sharavin 1

Neg

2nc Impacts

East Asia/Russia Conflict

Russia-China conflict causes extinction

Sharavin 1 [Alexander, What the Papers Say, 10-3-01, The Third Threat]

Sharavin 1

1NC

1NC Diversionary Wars

Russia-China conflict causes extinction

Sharavin 1 [Alexander, What the Papers Say, 10-3-01, The Third Threat]

Sharavin 1

Case

ADV 1

Alliances Bad –they are unsustainable and ensure entanglement

McKinney 16 (Jared, Non-Resident Junior Fellow at the Center for the National Interest and a double degree Msc. candidate at Peking University and the London School of Economics and Political Science, “Why America and China Today Are Like Pre–World War I Europe”, 9/7, National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-skeptics/why-america-china-today-are-pre%E2%80%93world-war-i-europe-17615?page=show)

McKinney 16

AFF.

SAMPLE 1AC

Most of Cuba’s problems stem from the embargo – trade will improve conditions even if the regime still exists

Franks, South American correspondent for Reuters, 2012, (Jeff, “Cuba says ending US embargo would help both countries,” September 20, Online: http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/20/us-cuba-usa-embargo-idUSBRE88J15G20120920)

Franks, 12, )

2AC

K

Monolith Bad

Settler colonialism is a bad structural analytic---it propagates a false consciousness that pacifies people out of improving lived conditions.

Manu Vimalassery 16, Assistant Professor of American Studies at Barnard College, Juliana Pegues, Alyosha Goldstein, “On Colonial Unknowing”, Theory & Event, 19(4), https://muse.jhu.edu/article/633283

Vimalassery 16

2AC

K

Monolith Bad

Settler colonialism is a bad structural analytic---it propagates a false consciousness that pacifies people out of improving lived conditions.

Manu Vimalassery 16, Assistant Professor of American Studies at Barnard College, Juliana Pegues, Alyosha Goldstein, “On Colonial Unknowing”, Theory & Event, 19(4), https://muse.jhu.edu/article/633283

Vimalassery 16

2AC

K

AT: Thesis---2AC

Settler colonialism is a bad structural analytic---it propagates a false consciousness that pacifies people out of improving lived conditions.

Manu Vimalassery 16, Assistant Professor of American Studies at Barnard College, Juliana Pegues, Alyosha Goldstein, “On Colonial Unknowing”, Theory & Event, 19(4), https://muse.jhu.edu/article/633283

Vimalassery 16

1NC

Adv:

Settler colonialism is a bad structural analytic---it propagates a false consciousness that pacifies people out of improving lived conditions.

Manu Vimalassery 16, Assistant Professor of American Studies at Barnard College, Juliana Pegues, Alyosha Goldstein, “On Colonial Unknowing”, Theory & Event, 19(4), https://muse.jhu.edu/article/633283

Vimalassery 16

2AC

K

Monolith Bad

Settler colonialism is a bad structural analytic---it propagates a false consciousness that pacifies people out of improving lived conditions.

Manu Vimalassery 16, Assistant Professor of American Studies at Barnard College, Juliana Pegues, Alyosha Goldstein, “On Colonial Unknowing”, Theory & Event, 19(4), https://muse.jhu.edu/article/633283

Vimalassery 16

NEG

Link- Oil Currency

Saudi reliant on US arms

Reuters, 2018

(“Chop-chop: Saudis may cut billions in military contracts & petrodollar in response to US sanctions,” RT, 18 Oct. 2018, https://www.rt.com/business/441584-saudi-arabia-us-khashoggi-retaliation/, accessed 27 July 2019)

2ac

fw

2ac – fw – long

4) Even if they win all their arguments regarding the incomprehensibility of quare suffering ttempting empathetic engagement is key – it enables changes in relationality no matter how complex the situation

Gruen, William Griffin Professor of Philosophy, and Professor of Feminist, Gender and Sexuality Studies and Science in Society, at Wesleyan University, ‘17

Gruen ‘17

1

The first 3 planks solve emerging nuclear instability between the two countries – their solvency advocate author

1AC Qurat-Ul-Ain 18 [Mastoor Qurat-ul-ain is a PhD candidate at the Department of Defence and Strategic Studies (DSS) at Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, Pakistan. She received her MPhil degree in International Relations from the same university.] "The Case for Nuclear Disarmament in South Asia – South Asian Voices," South Asian Voices, https://southasianvoices.org/nuclear-disarmament-in-south-asia/ 4-25-2018 RE //recut HKR-AM)

1AC Qurat-Ul-Ain 18

2

The first 3 planks solve emerging nuclear instability between the two countries – their solvency advocate author

1AC Qurat-Ul-Ain 18 [Mastoor Qurat-ul-ain is a PhD candidate at the Department of Defence and Strategic Studies (DSS) at Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, Pakistan. She received her MPhil degree in International Relations from the same university.] "The Case for Nuclear Disarmament in South Asia – South Asian Voices," South Asian Voices, https://southasianvoices.org/nuclear-disarmament-in-south-asia/ 4-25-2018 RE //recut HKR-AM)

1AC Qurat-Ul-Ain 18

3

The first 3 planks solve emerging nuclear instability between the two countries – their solvency advocate author

1AC Qurat-Ul-Ain 18 [Mastoor Qurat-ul-ain is a PhD candidate at the Department of Defence and Strategic Studies (DSS) at Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, Pakistan. She received her MPhil degree in International Relations from the same university.] "The Case for Nuclear Disarmament in South Asia – South Asian Voices," South Asian Voices, https://southasianvoices.org/nuclear-disarmament-in-south-asia/ 4-25-2018 RE //recut HKR-AM)

1AC Qurat-Ul-Ain 18

2

The first 3 planks solve emerging nuclear instability between the two countries – their solvency advocate author

1AC Qurat-Ul-Ain 18 [Mastoor Qurat-ul-ain is a PhD candidate at the Department of Defence and Strategic Studies (DSS) at Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, Pakistan. She received her MPhil degree in International Relations from the same university.] "The Case for Nuclear Disarmament in South Asia – South Asian Voices," South Asian Voices, https://southasianvoices.org/nuclear-disarmament-in-south-asia/ 4-25-2018 RE //recut HKR-AM)

1AC Qurat-Ul-Ain 18

1ac

Yemeni genocide is hidden in plain sight. Consciousness raising is key – Americans don’t even know where the arms we’re building go. Political advocacy is historically successful in winning reductions in arms sales to Coalition countries – but there is much work to be done.

Kane 19 (Alex, Freelance journalist who writes about the Middle East, “Here’s Exactly Who’s Profiting from the War on Yemen,” 5/20/19, https://inthesetimes.com/features/us-saudi-arabia-yemen-war-arms-sales.html) kmk

Kane 19 ) kmk