Yusuf5/OpenCaselistTMP · Datasets at Hugging Face

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1,600	783,992	18,346	r4 neg v. james madison ml	Trafficking	2nc trafficking impact	Aff authors represent prostitutes of privilege – not the victims of trafficking which are far more numerous	Bota, 14 – Rapporteur for the Committee on Equality and Non-Discrimination, Portugal, Group of the European People's Party (Jose, “Prostitution, trafficking and modern slavery in Europe” 3/20, http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewPDF.asp?FileID=20559&Lang=EN	Bota, 14 –	98,659	4	2,114
1,601	760,240	17,740	null	2nc	Cartels	No bioterror impact	Keller 3/7 -- Analyst at Stratfor, Post-Doctoral Fellow at University of Colorado at Boulder (Rebecca, 2013, "Bioterrorism and the Pandemic Potential," http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/bioterrorism-and-pandemic-potential)	Keller 3/7	48,560	187	12,381
1,602	733,085	16,696	2AC	null	A2: AB	Their account of social death is wrong- it is ahistorical and equates conditions	Nadine Ehlers 12, Professor, School of Social Sciences, Media, and Communication Faculty of Law, Humanities, and Arts University of Wollongong, 12, “Racial Imperatives: Discipline, Performativity, and Struggles against Subjection,” p. 9-12, footnote from p. 145	Ehlers 12	92,763	105	9,732
1,603	783,944	18,344	octos neg v. georgetown lm	Uniqueness	2nr cards	Your link is non-uq – Adelson is already bank rolling GOP donors	Clozel, 14 (7/25/2014, Lalita, “Casinos Chip In On Bill to Ban Online Gaming,” http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2014/07/casinos-chip-in-on-bill-to-ban-online-gaming/, JMP)	Clozel, 14	444,946	1	2,797
1,604	733,437	16,705	Aff Semis vs JMU LW	1AC	1	Lone wolves will launch large scale chemical terror attacks	Ellis 14 (Patrick. Patrick D. Ellis - Patrick D. Ellis is a WMD/Homeland Security Analyst and Instructor at the U.S. Air Force Counterproliferation Center, Air University. “Lone Wolf Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Examination of Capabilities and Countermeasures” Terrorism and Political Violence. Volume 26. Issue 1.) 5/18/15 RK	Ellis 14	427,740	1	3,105
1,605	784,373	18,352	Texas 2 Neg v. Gonzaga BJ	Environment	1nc	No global modeling	Hale 11 PhD Candidate in the Department of Politics at Princeton University and a Visiting Fellow at LSE Global Governance, London School of Economics (Thomas, © 2011 Center for Strategic and International Studies, The Washington Quarterly, 34:1 pp. 89-101, “A Climate Coalition of the Willing,” http://www.twq.com/11winter/docs/11winter_Hale.pdf)	Hale 11	267,517	9	1,671
1,606	760,492	17,705	Rd 5 Neg vs Emory FH – Organs	1NC	2	Alternative – reject the aff’s neoliberal policy proposal – establishing pedagogies in this debate space is the only way to reclaim critical education.	Giroux 12 (Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 19 June 2012, “Beyond the Politics of the Big Lie: The Education Deficit and the New Authoritarianism”, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/9865-beyond-the-politics-of-the-big-lie-the-education-deficit-and-the-new-authoritarianism)	Giroux 12 (Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 19 June 2012, “Beyond the Politics of the Big Lie: The Education Deficit and the New Authoritarianism”, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/9865-beyond-the-politics-of-the-big-lie-the-education-deficit-and-the-new-authoritarianism)	77,779	34	25,356
1,607	1,870,462	55,064	null	1NC:	1NC – Capitalism Kritik	The FBI infiltrates left-wing movements using paid informants, journalists, and private spies – there cannot be an open invitation to practice militant preservation. The affirmative’s desire for public discussions of militant preservation endangers true organizers to publicize their strategies – leads to crackdown and infilitration.	Gibbons 19 (Chip, [a journalist whose work has been featured in In These Times and the Nation. He is also the policy director of Defending Rights and Dissent, where he authored the report "Still Spying on Dissent: The Enduring Problem of FBI First Amendment Abuse."], “Enemies of the Left,” Jacobin, March 6, 2019, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/03/fbi-infiltration-surveillance-ru-rcp //)2simmz	Gibbons 19	545,028	11	11,907
1,608	760,858	17,749	2NC	Offense	2NC—Link O/V	Extinction	Yu 9 – (5/22, Victoria, Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, "Human extinction: the uncertainty of our fate", http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate)	Yu 9	95,194	130	2,134
1,609	1,870,110	55,050	null	Crisis Adv	null	Deterrence theory is true for corporations	Russo 17, JD Candidate @ Villanova (Christina, “CRIMINAL PROSECUTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LAWBREAKERS: A STATUTE WITH NO BITE,” 28 Vill. Envtl. L.J. 97, Lexis)	Russo 17	57,601	24	20,366
1,610	784,559	18,348	2ac	null	AT: Dedev	Growth is sustainable and necessary to solve all global problems	Lomborg 13—adjunct professor at the Copenhagen Business School	Lomborg 13	88,459	116	5,041
1,611	1,174,209	28,769	1NC	Off-case	1NC---OFF	Unhinged AI unloads nuclear escalation and infinite suffering.	Toby Ord 20, senior research fellow in philosophy at Oxford University and world-renowned risk-assessment expert who’s advised WHO, the World Bank, the WEF, and the US National Intelligence Council, 3/3/2020, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, pp. 194-196, cc, edited for ableist language	Ord 20	315,268	114	2,832
1,612	784,850	18,354	null	2ac	AT: Wilderson	The ballot must evaluate the consequences of political choices, including rejoining the 1ac and providing a workable alt	Christopher A. Bracey 6, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318	Bracey 6, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318	41,912	638	1,683
1,613	733,625	16,709	1AC	null	Regionalism	Regionalism is feasible and uniquely solves sectarian conflicts	Dr. Christian Koch 15 is the Director of the Gulf Research Center Foundation in Ge- neva, Switzerland and Christian-Peter Hanelt is a Senior Expert at the Bertelsmann Stiftung on Europe and the Middle East for the “Europe‘s Future” program, "A Gulf Conference Could Bring Peace and Security to the Middle East," 7-12-15, http://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/global-wire/a-gulf-conference-for-security-and-cooperation-could-bring-peace-and-greater-security-to-the-middle-east/, DOA: 8-17-2015, y2k	Koch 15	427,784	21	4,438
1,614	784,824	18,355	null	1ac	Adv 2	Explicit CSA removal key	Wild, 13 [Joshua, JD, Suffolk University, EPIC FAILURE: THE UNCOMFORTABLE TRUTH ABOUT THE UNITED STATES' ROLE IN THE FAILURE OF THE GLOBAL WAR ON DRUGS AND HOW IT IS GOING TO FIX IT, Suffolk University Suffolk Transnational Law Review Summer, 2013, 36 Suffolk Transnat'l L. Rev. 423, p. lexis]	Wild, 13	46,065	168	28,435
1,615	733,803	16,713	1AC	null	2	Regionalism is possible	Dr. Christian Koch 15 is the Director of the Gulf Research Center Foundation in Ge- neva, Switzerland and Christian-Peter Hanelt is a Senior Expert at the Bertelsmann Stiftung on Europe and the Middle East for the “Europe‘s Future” program, "A Gulf Conference Could Bring Peace and Security to the Middle East," 7-12-15, http://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/global-wire/a-gulf-conference-for-security-and-cooperation-could-bring-peace-and-greater-security-to-the-middle-east/, DOA: 8-17-2015, y2k	Koch 15	427,784	21	4,438
1,616	734,192	16,724	2AC	Off Case	2AC Syria	Multilat fails- collective action problem and internal politics	Krisch 14 (Nico. January. Research Professor, Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals, Barcelona. “THE DECAY OF CONSENT: INTERNATIONAL LAW IN AN AGE OF GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS” The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 108, No. 1. JSTOR) 2/13/16 RK	Krisch 14 (Nico. January. Research Professor, Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals, Barcelona. “THE DECAY OF CONSENT: INTERNATIONAL LAW IN AN AGE OF GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS” The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 108, No. 1. JSTOR) 2/13/16 RK	427,983	2	5,489
1,617	734,482	16,729	1AC	null	1AC--Solvency	Single issue focus on the military spills over to other movements	Lieberfeld, Associate Professor of Public Policy @ McAnulty College, 8	Lieberfeld, Associate Professor of Public Policy @ McAnulty College, 8	16,840	179	3,858
1,618	287,208	3,637	Collapse Advantage	null	2NC No Collapse – Econ Strong	Misunderstanding of the North Korean economy and nonconvertibility of its isolated currency makes figures unreliable – they’re all Western conjecture, even taking sanction effects into account	Feron 14 [Henri Feron, Ph.D candidate in international law at Tsinghua University, Beijing; “Doom and Gloom or Economic Boom? The Myth of the 'North Korean Collapse'”; The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol 12, Issue 18, No 3; 04/02/2014; accessed 06/30/2016; <http://apjjf.org/2014/12/18/Henri-Feron/4113/article.html>.]	Feron 14 candidate in international law at Tsinghua University, Beijing; “Doom and Gloom or Economic Boom? The Myth of the 'North Korean Collapse'”; The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol 12, Issue 18, No 3; 04/02/2014; accessed 06/30/2016; <http://apjjf.org/2014/12/18/Henri-Feron/4113/article.html>.]	184,653	9	7,246
1,619	762,470	17,800	null	Education k	null	The call towards a democratic inclusion of the red body forces us into the coordinates of the state destroy our red pedagogy while simultaneously enacting violence on the ref body.	Grande 8 [Sandy, Associate Professor of Education at Connecticut College, “Red Pedagogy: The Un-Methodology,” Handbook of Critical and Indigenous Methodologies, eds. Norman K. Denzin, Yvonna S. Lincoln, and Linda Tuhiwai Smith, p 249-250]	Grande 8	42,444	23	4,000
1,620	762,526	17,803	Case	null	I-Law good	International law is effective and the aff’s technical approach is the best heuristic for mediating ethical concerns and legal manipulability	Ioannis Kalpouzos 7, Professor of Law at The City Law School, "David Kennedy, Of War and Law", J Conflict Security Law, (2007) 12 (3): 485-492, jcsl.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/3/485.full	Kalpouzos 7	51,436	65	4,261
1,621	762,980	17,818	1NC	On	China	No China war - they'll be restrained	Stutter 14[March 19, 2014, Robert, Professor of Practice of International Affairs at George Washington University, China-US Focus, "Why China Avoids Confronting the U.S. in Asia", http://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/why-china-avoids-confronting-the-u-s-in-asia-2/]	Stutter 14 ]	95,968	92	1,919
1,622	763,092	17,822	Neg stuff for Mo State	Xenotransplantation	null	**Pandemics unlikely and no extinction	Ridley 12 [8/17, Matt Ridley, columnist for The Wall Street Journal and author of The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves, “Apocalypse Not: Here’s Why You Shouldn’t Worry About End Times,” http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/08/ff_apocalypsenot/all/]	Ridley 12	97,826	173	2,855
1,623	785,349	18,369	semis neg v. northwestern mv	1nc	1nc Iran DA	That undermines PC needed to prevent veto override and sustain talks. Spurs prolif and war.	Beauchamp, 11/6/14 --B.A.s in Philosophy and Political Science from Brown University and an M.Sc in International Relations from the London School of Economics, former editor of TP Ideas and a reporter for ThinkProgress.org. He previously contributed to Andrew Sullivan’s The Dish at Newsweek/Daily Beast, and has also written for Foreign Policy and Tablet magazines, now writes for Vox (Zack, “How the new GOP majority could destroy Obama's nuclear deal with Iran,” http://www.vox.com/2014/11/6/7164283/iran-nuclear-deal-congress, JMP)	Beauchamp, 11/6/14	171,410	83	8,619
1,624	763,184	17,830	null	null	Case	The appeal to avert extinction and preempting environmental harm “for the good of us all” elides the distinct relationships to the environment between black and white bodies within American culture. White environmentalism is tied to a history of eugenics and dehumanization that ignores the physical and psychological violence done to non-white bodies.	Finney 14	Finney 14	438,596	1	10,515
1,625	785,321	18,365	r5 neg v minnesota ce	1nc	1nc politics	PC key - solves war	Beauchamp, 11/6/14 --B.A.s in Philosophy and Political Science from Brown University and an M.Sc in International Relations from the London School of Economics, former editor of TP Ideas and a reporter for ThinkProgress.org. He previously contributed to Andrew Sullivan’s The Dish at Newsweek/Daily Beast, and has also written for Foreign Policy and Tablet magazines, now writes for Vox (Zack, “How the new GOP majority could destroy Obama's nuclear deal with Iran,” http://www.vox.com/2014/11/6/7164283/iran-nuclear-deal-congress, JMP)	Beauchamp, 11/6/14	171,410	83	8,619
1,626	763,410	17,837	2AC	South	AT: Presence Good	withdrawal causes South Korea to pursue active multilateralism	Lee 9 (Guen Lee, Seoul National University, December 2009. “The Nexus between Korea’s Regional Security Options and Domestic Politics.” http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:3vR8CmWH8KUJ:www.cfr.org/content/ publications/ attachments/NEAsiaSecurityLee.pdf+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us)	Lee 9 =us)	251,301	27	4,624
1,627	1,166,358	28,602	2NC	K – Set Col	2AC---Plan Popular	Even if limited, it flips nuclear tripwires.	Peter Hayes 18, Professor of International Relations at RMIT University, Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability, Ph.D. in Energy and Resources from the University of California-Berkeley; NAPSNet Special Reports, 1/18/2018, “Non-State Terrorism and Inadvertent Nuclear War,” https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-special-reports/non-state-terrorism-and-inadvertent-nuclear-war/	Hayes 18	1,783	845	5,288
1,628	785,492	18,371	doubles neg v. northwestern os	1nc	1nc Iran DA	PC key - solves war	Beauchamp, 11/6/14 --B.A.s in Philosophy and Political Science from Brown University and an M.Sc in International Relations from the London School of Economics, former editor of TP Ideas and a reporter for ThinkProgress.org. He previously contributed to Andrew Sullivan’s The Dish at Newsweek/Daily Beast, and has also written for Foreign Policy and Tablet magazines, now writes for Vox (Zack, “How the new GOP majority could destroy Obama's nuclear deal with Iran,” http://www.vox.com/2014/11/6/7164283/iran-nuclear-deal-congress, JMP)	Beauchamp, 11/6/14	171,410	83	8,619
1,629	763,615	17,843	1NC	null	Politics	The impact is nuclear war—deterrence key	Fisher 9/3/14 (Max, Political Analyst @ Vox, "Obama's Russia paradox: Why he just threatened WWIII in order to prevent it," http://www.vox.com/2014/9/3/6101507/obama-just-committed-the-us-to-war-against-russia-if-it-invades)	Fisher 9/3/14	196,768	40	3,283
1,630	3,307,531	109,048	1NC vs Greenhill BZ Quarters St Marx	Case	Sexual Assault	1. Leicht 17 is about student journalists, their Turner evidence says the plan only applies to professional journalists- we’ll insert the relevant part they left out For example, the New Jersey statute applies to any "person engaged on, engaged in, connected with, or em ployed by news media for the purpose of gathering, procuring, transmitting, compiling, editing or disseminating news for the general public	null	New Jersey statute applies to any "person engaged on, engaged in, connected with, or em ployed by news media for the purpose of gathering, procuring, transmitting, compiling, editing or disseminating news for the general public	1,391,078	1	null
1,631	785,503	18,371	doubles neg v. northwestern os	1nc	1nc rico da	RICO critical to deter and crack down on patent trolling	Silver ‘9	Silver ‘9	445,439	1	3,076
1,632	764,103	17,851	2AC	1st K	AT: Intervention	The impact of “intervention” is asinine---they collapse a core difference between neoconservativism and the aff’s foreign policy	Jim Arkedis 11, the director of the National Security Project at the Progressive Policy Institute and a principal fellow of the Truman National Security Project "Not All Interventions Are The Same" March 28 www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/03/28/not_all_interventions_are_the_same?print=yes&hidecomments=yes&page=full	Arkedis 11,	76,656	31	3,148
1,633	734,523	16,730	1AC	Round 1	A2AD	Naval leadership checks global nuclear war	Robert C. Rubel 14, Dean of Naval Warfare Studies at the Naval War College, “Navies and Economic Prosperity: The New Logic of Sea Power,” in Writing to Think: The Intellectual Journey of a Naval Career, https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/dsd/research/researchgroups/corbett/corbettpaper11.pdf, DOA: 1-12-16, y2k	Rubel 14	427,970	83	21,812
1,634	1,179,570	28,913	1AC	null	1AC – solvency	Denying Enbridge’s request to build the tunnel solves and is NOT vital to energy prices.	TenEyck 20(Jane TenEyck, Executive Director of “CORA”, Sean McBrearty Michigan Legislative and Political Director Clean Water Action (“CWA”), Elizabeth R. Kirkwood Executive Director For Love of Water (“FLOW”), Jim Lively Director of Program Strategy Groundwork Center for Resilient Communities, Bentley Johnson Senior Partnerships Manager Michigan League of Conservation Voters (“MLCV”), Ann Rogers and Greg Reisig Co-Chairs Northern Michigan Environmental Action Council, David Holtz and Anne Woiwode Co-Chairs Sierra Club Michigan, JoAnne Cromley Chair Straits Area of Concerned Citizens for Peace Justice and the Environment (“SACCPJE”), Patty Peek Chair Straits of Mackinac Alliance (“SMA”), Bill Latka Chair TC350.org, 7-14-2020, "Public Comments on the Joint Application of Enbridge Energy for proposed pipeline tunnel under the Straits of Mackinac between Mackinaw City and Saint Ignace, Michigan,” https://forloveofwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Comments-to-USACE-permitting-on-proposed-tunnel.pdf, accessed 6-22-2021//mrul) The Application Threatens to Violate State, Federal and Local Laws. In this case, boring an unprecedented tunnel through the bedrock and soils of the Great Lakes threatens to violate a host of Federal, State, or local law or requirements imposed for the protection of the environment, including but not limited to, the Great Lakes Submerged Lands Act (“GLSLA”), the Michigan Environmental Protection Act (“MEPA”) public trust law, Michigan’s Constitution, Michigan Water Quality Standards, 59 the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”). As a threshold matter, Enbridge lacks legal authorization to 60 construct and operate this proposed tunnel and pipeline because the 2017 and 2018 agreements coupled with the Act 359 legislation to authorize such construction of a private tunnel through public trust bottomlands violate public trust law (GLSLA and MEPA) and the Michigan Constitution (Art. 4 Sec. 52). As public trustee, the State of Michigan has a separate and irrevocable duty to protect the paramount interests of the navigable waterways and bottomlands of the Great Lakes. This includes the proposed location of the tunnel and pipeline project under the Straits of Mackinac. In other words, the very tunnel agreements and legislation Enbridge relies on to make this joint application are defective. Thus, an EIS 61 is required to evaluate these and other applicable federal and state laws.	TenEyck 20(Jane TenEyck, Executive Director of “CORA”, Sean McBrearty Michigan Legislative and Political Director Clean Water Action (“CWA”), Elizabeth R. Kirkwood Executive Director For Love of Water (“FLOW”), Jim Lively Director of Program Strategy Groundwork Center for Resilient Communities, Bentley Johnson Senior Partnerships Manager Michigan League of Conservation Voters (“MLCV”), Ann Rogers and Greg Reisig Co-Chairs Northern Michigan Environmental Action Council, David Holtz and Anne Woiwode Co-Chairs Sierra Club Michigan, JoAnne Cromley Chair Straits Area of Concerned Citizens for Peace Justice and the Environment (“SACCPJE”), Patty Peek Chair Straits of Mackinac Alliance (“SMA”), Bill Latka Chair TC350.org, 7-14-2020, "Public Comments on the Joint Application of Enbridge Energy for proposed pipeline tunnel under the Straits of Mackinac between Mackinaw City and Saint Ignace, Michigan,” https://forloveofwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Comments-to-USACE-permitting-on-proposed-tunnel.pdf, accessed 6-22-2021//mrul)	36,603	23	13,095
1,635	734,694	16,733	GMU KK – GSU Rd 6 – Neg vs Kansas BC	Stability	A2: Econ – 1NC	No impact to economic decline – prefer new data	Daniel Drezner 14, Professor of IR at Tufts, “The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession”, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164	Drezner 14	987	1,331	1,554
1,636	734,940	16,737	1AR	Burden sharing	No LINK	Non-unique---status quo sends the signal of disengagement	Dr. Colin Kahl 14, an Associate Professor at Georgetown University, a Senior Fellow and Director of Middle East Security Program at the Center for a New American Security, and the former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East, “US Commitments to the Gulf Arab States: MEPC Capitol Hill Conference (Transcript),” 4-24-14, http://susris.com/2014/04/24/us-commitments-to-the-gulf-arab-states-mepc-capitol-hill-conference-transcript/, DOA: 8-6-15, y2k	Kahl 14	428,231	1	908
1,637	1,166,383	28,602	1NR	K – Set Col	2NC---Thumpers	1. Biden’s fundamentally corporatist. Regulation flips the meta.	Dr. Steven Cohen 21, PhD in sustainable development, Professor in the Practice of Public Affairs, Director of the Master of Public Administration, and Director of the Earth Institute’s Research Program on Sustainability at Columbia, policy analyst and consultant for the EPA, 6/28/21, “President Biden’s Climate Change Political Strategy,” https://sps.columbia.edu/news/president-bidens-climate-change-political-strategy, cc	Cohen 21	529,867	31	1,795
1,638	1,166,587	28,807	S 2NC---SBF22---Round 4	Democracy Turn	2NC---Aggressive Revision Impact	The perception of declining US power is what keeps relations peaceful---China and Russia only aggress if challenged.	Daniel W. Drezner 17, professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, 7/26/17, “Why Donald Trump might not face a foreign policy crisis anytime soon,” https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2017/07/26/why-we-might-not-have-to-worry-about-how-donald-trump-will-handle-a-foreign-policy-crisis/?utm_term=.2651039a316b	Drezner 17	81,189	31	2,160
1,639	764,266	17,855	2NC	Middle Power	2NC—AT: Disease	Global pandemics unlikely and don’t cause extinction	Ridley ’12 [August 17th, 2012, Matt, columnist for The Wall Street Journal and author of The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves, “Apocalypse Not: Here’s Why You Shouldn’t Worry About End Times,” http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/08/ff_apocalypsenot/all/]	Ridley ’12	97,826	173	2,852
1,640	764,178	17,853	1NC	Case	1NC—Engagement	AQAP gets nukes—turns the advantage externally	Williams 11 (2011, Sarah Williams is the coordinator of the Fissile Materials Working Group, “After bin Laden: Nuclear terrorism still a top threat,” http://thebulletin.org/after-bin-laden-nuclear-terrorism-still-top-threat)	Williams 11	434,272	15	2,359
1,641	786,102	18,376	Octos Neg v. Kentucky GN	1nc—everything Else	1nc Iran Disad	PC key to prevent override, solves prolif and war	Beauchamp, 11/6/14 --B.A.s in Philosophy and Political Science from Brown University and an M.Sc in International Relations from the London School of Economics, former editor of TP Ideas and a reporter for ThinkProgress.org. He previously contributed to Andrew Sullivan’s The Dish at Newsweek/Daily Beast, and has also written for Foreign Policy and Tablet magazines, now writes for Vox (Zack, “How the new GOP majority could destroy Obama's nuclear deal with Iran,” http://www.vox.com/2014/11/6/7164283/iran-nuclear-deal-congress, JMP)	Beauchamp, 11/6/14	171,410	83	8,619
1,642	764,810	17,869	UGA BR Round 4 ADA	1AC	Contention 2 – Archipelagic Defense	Unchecked aggression in the Baltics triggers global nuclear war – deterrence is key	Fisher 14 (Max, Political Analyst @ Vox, "Obama's Russia paradox: Why he just threatened WWIII in order to prevent it," http://www.vox.com/2014/9/3/6101507/obama-just-committed-the-us-to-war-against-russia-if-it-invades)	Fisher 14	196,768	40	3,283
1,643	765,148	17,877	UGA BR Round 6 Districts	2ac Round 6 Districts	2ac Capitalism K	Sustainable & the alt fails	Arvidsson 13—teaches sociology at the University of Milano	Arvidsson 13	92,501	119	7,220
1,644	735,517	16,749	2AC	2AC Case	1AC--Solvency	Plan is an extension of anti- war movements at home—checks any impact to the shift and proves perm solves	Lieberfeld, Associate Professor of Public Policy @ McAnulty College, 8	Lieberfeld, Associate Professor of Public Policy @ McAnulty College, 8	16,840	179	3,858
1,645	736,198	16,763	GMU KK---Liberty Rd 6---Neg vs Liberty CS	Off	A2: Marines Adv	No impact to economic decline – prefer new data	Daniel Drezner 14, Professor of IR at Tufts, “The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession”, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164	Drezner 14	987	1,331	1,554
1,646	56,461	941	Disadvantage links	Politics	L – PC	Plan’s massively controversial – entrenched opposition	Hannah Northey, 20 - E&E News reporter “Biden would face slog to ditch Trump's WOTUS” Greenwire, August 20, 2020, Greenwire database through Michigan libraries //DH	Northey, 20	565,370	9	1,109
1,647	786,216	18,379	2ac	OFF	AT: Amendment CP	2016 key	Stewart M. Patrick, 14, Senior Fellow and Director, Program on International Institutions and Global Governance @ CFR, The Global Debate Over Illegal Drugs Heats Up, April 1, 2014, http://blogs.cfr.org/patrick/2014/04/01/the-global-debate-over-illegal-drugs-heats-up/	Patrick, 14	432,188	47	5,450
1,648	736,485	16,768	2AC	Link Debate	A2: Util Link	No enviro impact	Brook 13	null	35,507	326	7,186
1,649	1,163,390	28,586	1NR	Link	2NC---WOTUS	Plan’s massively controversial---entrenched opposition	Hannah Northey, 20 - E&E News reporter “Biden would face slog to ditch Trump's WOTUS” Greenwire, August 20, 2020, Greenwire database through Michigan libraries //DH	Northey, 20	565,370	9	1,109
1,650	1,166,842	28,606	1nr	Link	1NC---OFF	Plan’s massively controversial---entrenched opposition	Hannah Northey, 20 - E&E News reporter “Biden would face slog to ditch Trump's WOTUS” Greenwire, August 20, 2020, Greenwire database through Michigan libraries //DH	Northey, 20	565,370	9	1,109
1,651	3,307,905	108,695	1NC	DA	null	China is expanding through Latin America and Honduras will be the next domino to fall absent renewed commitments to the region – China fills in and non uniques all their impacts.	Reuters, 9-24-2018, "Honduras President Laments US Aid Cuts, Eyes Role of China," VOA, https://www.voanews.com/a/honduras-president-laments-us-aid-cuts-eyes-role-of-china/4585898.html	Reuters, 9-24-2018, "Honduras President Laments US Aid Cuts, Eyes Role of China," VOA,	1,391,206	5	3,507
1,652	786,478	18,394	UGA BR Round 1 Texas	2NC K	2NC AT: Pre-Req	Their material understanding of terror and security is turned by the alt	VARADARJAN (Professor of Political Science) 2004 [Latha, “Constructivism, Identity and Neoliberal (in)security”, Review of International Studies, p. cjo]	VARADARJAN 2004	445,730	3	5,877
1,653	1,175,616	28,862	1NR	OFF	1NC---Federalism DA	Federalism’s balanced now, but tenuous---the plan undermines state authority in environmental law and beyond---destroys climate response and makes water policy ineffective	Carley Weted 21, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Public Administration and Policy at American University, 5/7/21, “Does Environmental Policy “Need” the Federal Government?,” https://medium.com/3streams/does-environmental-policy-need-the-federal-government-21abcd8fe970 /jpb	Weted 21	36,874	124	4,504
1,654	737,353	16,785	null	2AC	CP	No enviro impact	Brook 13 Barry Brook, Professor at the University of Adelaide, leading environmental scientist, holding the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and is also Director of Climate Science at the University of Adelaide’s Environment Institute, author of 3 books and over 250 scholarly articles, Corey Bradshaw is an Associate Professor at the University of Adelaide and a joint appointee at the South Australian Research and Development Institute, Brave New Climate, March 4, 2013, "Worrying about global tipping points distracts from real planetary threats", http://bravenewclimate.com/2013/03/04/ecological-tipping-points/	Brook 13	35,507	326	6,517
1,655	786,613	18,399	null	1AC	Global Prohibition: 1AC [3:30]	Legalization of marijuana in Morocco is key to stability—they model US policy	Roslington and Pack 13 (James, PhD candidate in North African history at the University of Cambridge, and Jason, 11-4-13, "Morocco's Growing Cannabis Debate" Foreign Policy) mideastafrica.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/11/04/morocco_s_growing_cannabis_debate	Roslington and Pack 13	445,419	15	5,618
1,656	1,167,396	28,658	2NC	Scarcity Adv	2NC---Sino-Indo War D	Doklam crisis, self-interest, and US-Indo drift dampen conflict.	Lalwani 18 – Sameer Lalwani, Co-Director of the South Asia Program at the Stimson Center, Professor at George Washington University, Security Studies Ph.D. at MIT. [One Year After They Almost Went to War, Can China and India Get Along? 4-27-2018, http://www.chinafile.com/conversation/one-year-after-they-almost-went-war-can-china-and-india-get-along]	Lalwani 18	10,759	16	3,658
1,657	737,655	16,791	GMU KK---Wake Rd 3---Neg vs Northwestern OM	Taiwan	1NC- No Taiwan War	No Taiwan conflict – China is more focused on the west’s courtship	Etzioni 13 (Amitai, served as a senior advisor to the Carter White House; taught at Columbia University, Harvard University and The University of California at Berkeley; and is currently a university professor and professor of international relations at The George Washington University “The Devolution of American Power” 37 Fletcher F. World Aff. 13, lexis)	Etzioni 13	425,395	5	2,284
1,658	737,918	16,797	OFF	null	1NC – T	A. Reduce means elimination	US Code 09 (26 CFR 54.4980F-1, lexis)	US Code 09	73,253	29	285
1,659	767,053	17,918	Round 4—Aff vs. Kansas MR—JP	1AC	Cartels – 1AC	Domestic manufacturing is key to overall economic resilience and innovation	Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011 (Michael, Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf)	Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011	66,187	113	3,939
1,660	787,067	18,403	1AR	Lynch	Solvency deficit	Republicans will break against lynch – mccain blocks now	Sen. John McCain says he will oppose Loretta Lynch's attorney general confirmation	null	445,917	1	398
1,661	3,308,980	109,027	null	Case	null	State disclosures are severely limited and only fed solves	Yin 8/3 (Yin, George K. “Five myths about Trump’s income tax returns”. Washington Post. August 3, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/five-myths/five-myths-about-trumps-income-tax-returns/2018/08/03/72ec3858-9504-11e8-810c-5fa705927d54_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.85c4a74b7eb1. George K. Yin is the Edwin S. Cohen Distinguished Professor of Law and Taxation at the University of Virginia School of Law and a former chief of staff of the congressional Joint Committee on Taxation)	Yin 8/3	1,390,967	3	1,401
1,662	767,413	17,922	Round 6—Aff vs. George Mason KL—Moczulski	2AC	2AC – Courts CP	That unleashes a laundry list of nuclear conflicts	Eaglen ‘11	Eaglen ‘11	43,800	98	9,081
1,663	1,175,561	28,768	1NC	Case	BioD Bad---1NC	Disease causes extinction.	Ord ‘20 [Toby; reporter for the Guardian; 3-6-2020; "Why we need worst-case thinking to prevent pandemics"; Guardian; https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/mar/06/worst-case-thinking-prevent-pandemics-coronavirus-existential-risk]	Ord ‘20 [Toby; reporter for the Guardian; 3-6-2020; "Why we need worst-case thinking to prevent pandemics"; Guardian; https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/mar/06/worst-case-thinking-prevent-pandemics-coronavirus-existential-risk]	996	728	12,956
1,664	767,372	17,920	Round 5—Neg vs. Michigan DM—Strauss	2NC	Enforcement – Solvency – 2NC	The counterplan creates the International Cyber Forensics and Compliance Staff – their expertise can attribute who did the cyber-attack – and the laws of state responsibility guarantee punishment for unlawful action which will deter abuse	Moore ’13	Moore ’13	440,140	2	2,372
1,665	738,221	16,803	1NC	1NC	null	The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of historical materialism – historical materialism links social praxis to a decisive judgment on capitalist oppression.	Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness) <224-225>	Lukacs in 67 ) <224-225>	72,123	42	2,063
1,666	738,193	16,802	Case	Framing	2AC A2: Low Prob	Discourse doesn’t shape reality	Balzacq, Namar University Political Science and IR Prof, 5	Balzacq, 5	18,299	492	2,287
1,667	787,521	18,417	1NC	1NC	OFF	Successful bioterror attack causes extinction	Anders Sandberg et al., James Martin Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, "How Can We Reduce the Risk of Human Extinction?" BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, 9-9-08, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction, accessed 5-2-10.	Sandberg 08	21,354	875	1,272
1,668	738,173	16,802	null	Waste	Impact D	No enviro impact	Brook 13	null	35,507	326	7,186
1,669	738,306	16,804	1NR	PTX	Will Pass – 2NC/1NR – Generic	( ) Vote count and momentum goes neg	Nick Timiraos and Kristina Peterson 10/21, "Jacob Lew to Congress: Avoid Brinkmanship, Raise Debt Ceiling," xx-xx-xxxx, WSJ, http://www.wsj.com/articles/jacob-lew-to-congress-avoid-brinkmanship-raise-debt-ceiling-1445464197, DOA: 10-22-2015, y2k	Timiraos and Peterson 10/21	428,973	3	574
1,670	738,310	16,804	1NR	PTX	A2: Thumpers – Generic	4. It is Boehner’s top priority	Nick Timiraos and Kristina Peterson 10/21, "Jacob Lew to Congress: Avoid Brinkmanship, Raise Debt Ceiling," xx-xx-xxxx, WSJ, http://www.wsj.com/articles/jacob-lew-to-congress-avoid-brinkmanship-raise-debt-ceiling-1445464197, DOA: 10-22-2015, y2k	Timiraos and Peterson 10/21	428,973	3	574
1,671	3,960,204	133,893	2AC	cap	Licensing Link	We don’t remove lisenciLicensing is critical to worker wellbeing	Robinson 18 (Nick, Affiliated Fellow, Center on the Legal Profession, Harvard Law School, “The Multiple Justifications for Occupational Licensing,” Washington Law Review, vol. 93, no. 4, December 2018, p. 1903-1960. HeinOnline, https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/washlr93&i=1937)//NRG	Robinson 18	495,906	10	2,948
1,672	1,179,586	28,914	1AC	null	1AC – solvency	Denying Enbridge’s request to build the tunnel solves and is NOT vital to energy prices.	TenEyck 20(Jane TenEyck, Executive Director of “CORA”, Sean McBrearty Michigan Legislative and Political Director Clean Water Action (“CWA”), Elizabeth R. Kirkwood Executive Director For Love of Water (“FLOW”), Jim Lively Director of Program Strategy Groundwork Center for Resilient Communities, Bentley Johnson Senior Partnerships Manager Michigan League of Conservation Voters (“MLCV”), Ann Rogers and Greg Reisig Co-Chairs Northern Michigan Environmental Action Council, David Holtz and Anne Woiwode Co-Chairs Sierra Club Michigan, JoAnne Cromley Chair Straits Area of Concerned Citizens for Peace Justice and the Environment (“SACCPJE”), Patty Peek Chair Straits of Mackinac Alliance (“SMA”), Bill Latka Chair TC350.org, 7-14-2020, "Public Comments on the Joint Application of Enbridge Energy for proposed pipeline tunnel under the Straits of Mackinac between Mackinaw City and Saint Ignace, Michigan,” https://forloveofwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Comments-to-USACE-permitting-on-proposed-tunnel.pdf, accessed 6-22-2021//mrul) The Application Threatens to Violate State, Federal and Local Laws. In this case, boring an unprecedented tunnel through the bedrock and soils of the Great Lakes threatens to violate a host of Federal, State, or local law or requirements imposed for the protection of the environment, including but not limited to, the Great Lakes Submerged Lands Act (“GLSLA”), the Michigan Environmental Protection Act (“MEPA”) public trust law, Michigan’s Constitution, Michigan Water Quality Standards, 59 the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”). As a threshold matter, Enbridge lacks legal authorization to 60 construct and operate this proposed tunnel and pipeline because the 2017 and 2018 agreements coupled with the Act 359 legislation to authorize such construction of a private tunnel through public trust bottomlands violate public trust law (GLSLA and MEPA) and the Michigan Constitution (Art. 4 Sec. 52). As public trustee, the State of Michigan has a separate and irrevocable duty to protect the paramount interests of the navigable waterways and bottomlands of the Great Lakes. This includes the proposed location of the tunnel and pipeline project under the Straits of Mackinac. In other words, the very tunnel agreements and legislation Enbridge relies on to make this joint application are defective. Thus, an EIS 61 is required to evaluate these and other applicable federal and state laws.	TenEyck 20(Jane TenEyck, Executive Director of “CORA”, Sean McBrearty Michigan Legislative and Political Director Clean Water Action (“CWA”), Elizabeth R. Kirkwood Executive Director For Love of Water (“FLOW”), Jim Lively Director of Program Strategy Groundwork Center for Resilient Communities, Bentley Johnson Senior Partnerships Manager Michigan League of Conservation Voters (“MLCV”), Ann Rogers and Greg Reisig Co-Chairs Northern Michigan Environmental Action Council, David Holtz and Anne Woiwode Co-Chairs Sierra Club Michigan, JoAnne Cromley Chair Straits Area of Concerned Citizens for Peace Justice and the Environment (“SACCPJE”), Patty Peek Chair Straits of Mackinac Alliance (“SMA”), Bill Latka Chair TC350.org, 7-14-2020, "Public Comments on the Joint Application of Enbridge Energy for proposed pipeline tunnel under the Straits of Mackinac between Mackinaw City and Saint Ignace, Michigan,” https://forloveofwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Comments-to-USACE-permitting-on-proposed-tunnel.pdf, accessed 6-22-2021//mrul)	36,603	23	13,095
1,673	767,676	17,928	Round 6—Neg v. Emory KS—	2NC	No Modeling	Stats prove influence waning	Liptak 2008	Liptak 2008	51,568	48	2,618
1,674	768,040	17,937	Harvard Rd 1—Aff vs. Trinity YV—Bauschard	1AC	Cartels – 1AC	Domestic manufacturing is key to overall economic resilience and innovation	Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011 (Michael, Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf)	Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011	66,187	113	3,939
1,675	738,447	16,807	2NC	Cap	Can’t overcome – 1NC	only an eradication of class differences is capable of solving racism.	Young 06 (Chair @ NYU; Robert, “Putting Materialism Back into the Race Theory: Toward a Transformative Theory of Race”, redcritique.org )	Young 06	72,085	88	1,531
1,676	245,678	3,072	Student Cards	Answers To:	AT: School Privatization—N/U	Non-Unique – Trump’s budget plan is already gutting school funding	Emma Brown 5/17/2017 Trump’s first full education budget: Deep cuts to public school programs in pursuit of school choice Emma Brown writes about national education and about people with a stake in schools, including teachers, parents and kids. She’s also covered D.C. and Virginia schools and written obituaries for the Post. She’s a latecomer to journalism who worked as a wilderness ranger in Wyoming and as a middle-school math teacher in Alaska before joining the newspaper in 2009.	Brown 5/17/2017	137,059	15	11,695
1,677	1,179,643	28,873	1AC	null	1AC---Solvency	Biden’s not using his existing PC---he’s left it to congressional leaders.	David Sirota 11/5 columnist for The Guardian, editor of Jacobin, senior advisor to the Bernie Sanders campaign; interviewed by Ryan Grim, bureau chief for The Intercept, bureau chief for HuffPost; 11/5/2021, "Deconstructed: Biden Should Look to Obama’s Mistakes," https://theintercept.com/2021/11/05/deconstructed-biden-build-back-better-obama/, MBA AM	Sirota 11/5	501,178	21	3,586
1,678	738,426	16,807	1NC	Cap	null	The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of historical materialism – historical materialism links social praxis to a decisive judgment on capitalist oppression.	Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness) <224-225>	Lukacs in 67 ) <224-225>	72,123	42	2,063
1,679	768,236	17,938	Harvard Rd 3—Aff vs. Kansas CK—Starr	2AC	Kansas Envo DA	Prohibition is worse—regulations solve the impact	Juchao, 2014, Drug Policy Alliance(Aaron, “Marijuana Could Lead to a Paradigm Shift in Environmental Stewardship”, http://www.drugpolicy.org/blog/marijuana-could-lead-paradigm-shift-environmental-stewardship)	Juchao, 2014	440,439	6	2,478
1,680	768,459	17,947	null	1AC	Cartels	Domestic manufacturing is key to overall economic resilience and innovation	Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011 (Michael, Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf)	Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011	66,187	113	3,939
1,681	769,034	17,952	Round 8—Neg vs. Harvard DH—Meloche	1NR	2NC OG Link EXT	The public is overwhelmingly against online gambling	Ruddock, Bluff, 14 (Steve, 5-11-14, “Poll Indicates Modest Public Support for Online Gambling,” http://www.bluff.com/news/poll-indicates-modest-public-support-for-online-gambling-54263/, accessed 8-30-14, CMM)	Ruddock, Bluff, 14	440,622	5	683
1,682	1,179,868	28,828	1NC	Framing	1NC---Framing---Front	The anti-knowledge problem is averted by answering the disad.	Matthew Rendall 17, Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of Nottingham Political Science degree from Columbia University. [Pascalian Wagering And Catastrophic Risk: The Weitzman-Nordhaus Debate, 5/9/17, https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/climateethicseconomics/documents/papers-workshop-5/rendall.pdf	Rendall 17	10,104	37	4,128
1,683	3,319,237	109,447	null	null	1NC Skills	Outweighs the case – debates over mechanisms for concrete policy change are crucial to solve material violence	Capulong 09 (Assistant Professor of Law, University of Montana, Eduardo R.C., CLIENT ACTIVISM IN PROGRESSIVE LAWYERING THEORY, CLINICAL LAW REVIEW, 16 Clinical L. Rev. 109, Fall, 2009)	Capulong 09	1,357,308	42	17,280
1,684	623,141	11,450	null	1	null	Extinction	Sandberg, 8 -- Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute research fellow	Sandberg, 8	21,354	875	1,575
1,685	769,552	17,963	1NC	K	FBI – No CP	Cyberwar isn’t an existential threat --- best studies prove	Healey 13 Jason, Director of the Cyber Statecraft Initiative at the Atlantic Council, "No, Cyberwarfare Isn't as Dangerous as Nuclear War", 3/20, www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2013/03/20/cyber-attacks-not-yet-an-existential-threat-to-the-us	Healey 13	48,511	253	3,225
1,686	262,430	3,321	North Korea Affirmative	Advantage CP Answers	2AC — Advantage CP	(--) Engagement will fail with North Korea:	Zhu Feng, 2016 (Executive Director of China Center for Collaborative Studies of the South China Sea at Nanjing University) What New Approach Should the U.S. and China Take to North Korea? Feb. 9, 2016. Retrieved Apr. 24, 2016 from https://www.chinafile.com/conversation/what-new-approach-should-us-and-china-take-north-korea	Feng, 2016 https://www.chinafile.com/conversation/what-new-approach-should-us-and-china-take-north-korea	169,999	4	605
1,687	769,859	17,972	1ac	null	3	This has created an opening for China to cement their influence—causes waves of coups	COHA 2014	COHA 2014	439,396	7	3,512
1,688	769,869	17,975	1ac	1ac	1	Domestic manufacturing is key to overall economic resilience and innovation	Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011 (Michael, Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf)	Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011	66,187	113	3,939
1,689	1,176,539	28,901	null	Solvency	Hopi	Supreme court should rule	Crepelle 19 [Crepelle, Adam. "The Reservation Water Crisis." Tulane Environmental Law Journal 32.2 (2019): 157-188] [thiele] [Google Scholar] [ Visiting Assistant Professor, Southern University Law Center; Appellate Judge, Pascua Yaqui Tribe]	null	568,090	23	1,733
1,690	2,623,790	83,607	2nc	K	2nc – alt	There is overwhelming historical precedent for movements and protest as a means for economic and social restructuring. Here is a comprehensive historical study	Almeida 18 (Paul Almeida, Department of Sociology, University of California, Merced; Chris Chase-Dunn, Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside; “Globalization and Social Movements”, Annual Review of Sociology, 2018, 44:189–211)	Almeida 18	518,112	14	53,555
1,691	623,464	11,460	null	null	3	Capitalism's will cause extinction from climate change	Parr ‘13	Parr ‘13	51,704	299	4,912
1,692	3,319,263	109,447	null	null	2	Capitalism causes war, violence, environmental destruction and extinction	Robinson 14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism” The World Financial Review)	Robinson 14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism” The World Financial Review)	31,023	1,023	9,334
1,693	623,253	11,455	null	3	null	Declining assurances causes Japanese prolif – causes nuke war	Chanlett-Avery 9 [Emma Chanlett-Avery is a CRS Asian Affairs Specialist, “Japan’s Nuclear Future: Policy Debate, Prospects, and U.S. Interests,” Congressional Research Service, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL34487.pdf]	Chanlett-Avery 9	92,962	159	965
1,694	770,151	17,979	1ac	1ac	1	Domestic manufacturing is key to overall economic resilience and innovation	Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011 (Michael, Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf)	Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011	66,187	113	3,939
1,695	3,308,397	108,869	NC	Off 1 - T	null	Democracies and “public’s right to know” are generic nouns without an article that must apply to all instances. Byrd:	“Generic Meaning,” Georgia State University, Transcript of lecture given by Pat Byrd (Department of Applied Linguistics and ESL). SP	“Generic Meaning,” Georgia State University, Transcript of lecture given by Pat Byrd (Department of Applied Linguistics and ESL). SP	66,826	105	2,384
1,696	276,018	3,479	null	AFF	No Entry	Pakistan thumps NSG	Kazi 6/31(Reshmi- Journalist on India and Pakistani relation “China’s Objections to India’s NSG Participation is Harmful to Global Non-proliferation Efforts”6/31/16, http://www.thedialogue.co/chinas-objections-indias-nsg-participation-harmful-global-non-proliferation-efforts/)//MU	null	178,485	1	955
1,697	771,154	17,998	1ac	1ac	1	Domestic manufacturing is key to overall economic resilience and innovation	Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011 (Michael, Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf)	Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011	66,187	113	3,939
1,698	623,592	11,473	null	null	null	Disarm is key – it revitalizes multilat and confidence building that creates structural deescalation	Brehm, 18 -- Researcher with expertise in international humanitarian and human rights law, disarmament and weapons law; co-founder of ICAN Switzerland	Brehm, 18	373,850	128	6,670
1,699	771,796	18,012	2ac	Off	2AC Iran	Dems who would defect have already done so	Tobin, commentary magazine, 1-16	Tobin, commentary magazine, 1-16	441,417	1	5,662

1,600

783,992

18,346

r4 neg v. james madison ml

Trafficking

2nc trafficking impact

Aff authors represent prostitutes of privilege – not the victims of trafficking which are far more numerous

Bota, 14 – Rapporteur for the Committee on Equality and Non-Discrimination, Portugal, Group of the European People's Party (Jose, “Prostitution, trafficking and modern slavery in Europe” 3/20, http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewPDF.asp?FileID=20559&Lang=EN

Bota, 14 –

98,659

4

2,114

1,601

760,240

17,740

null

2nc

Cartels

No bioterror impact

Keller 3/7 -- Analyst at Stratfor, Post-Doctoral Fellow at University of Colorado at Boulder (Rebecca, 2013, "Bioterrorism and the Pandemic Potential," http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/bioterrorism-and-pandemic-potential)

Keller 3/7

48,560

187

12,381

1,602

733,085

16,696

2AC

null

A2: AB

Their account of social death is wrong- it is ahistorical and equates conditions

Nadine Ehlers 12, Professor, School of Social Sciences, Media, and Communication Faculty of Law, Humanities, and Arts University of Wollongong, 12, “Racial Imperatives: Discipline, Performativity, and Struggles against Subjection,” p. 9-12, footnote from p. 145

Ehlers 12

92,763

105

9,732

1,603

783,944

18,344

octos neg v. georgetown lm

Uniqueness

2nr cards

Your link is non-uq – Adelson is already bank rolling GOP donors

Clozel, 14 (7/25/2014, Lalita, “Casinos Chip In On Bill to Ban Online Gaming,” http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2014/07/casinos-chip-in-on-bill-to-ban-online-gaming/, JMP)

Clozel, 14

444,946

1

2,797

1,604

733,437

16,705

Aff Semis vs JMU LW

1AC

1

Lone wolves will launch large scale chemical terror attacks

Ellis 14 (Patrick. Patrick D. Ellis - Patrick D. Ellis is a WMD/Homeland Security Analyst and Instructor at the U.S. Air Force Counterproliferation Center, Air University. “Lone Wolf Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction: An Examination of Capabilities and Countermeasures” Terrorism and Political Violence. Volume 26. Issue 1.) 5/18/15 RK

Ellis 14

427,740

1

3,105

1,605

784,373

18,352

Texas 2 Neg v. Gonzaga BJ

Environment

1nc

No global modeling

Hale 11 PhD Candidate in the Department of Politics at Princeton University and a Visiting Fellow at LSE Global Governance, London School of Economics (Thomas, © 2011 Center for Strategic and International Studies, The Washington Quarterly, 34:1 pp. 89-101, “A Climate Coalition of the Willing,” http://www.twq.com/11winter/docs/11winter_Hale.pdf)

Hale 11

267,517

9

1,671

1,606

760,492

17,705

Rd 5 Neg vs Emory FH – Organs

1NC

2

Alternative – reject the aff’s neoliberal policy proposal – establishing pedagogies in this debate space is the only way to reclaim critical education.

Giroux 12 (Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 19 June 2012, “Beyond the Politics of the Big Lie: The Education Deficit and the New Authoritarianism”, http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/9865-beyond-the-politics-of-the-big-lie-the-education-deficit-and-the-new-authoritarianism)

77,779

34

25,356

1,607

1,870,462

55,064

null

1NC:

1NC – Capitalism Kritik

The FBI infiltrates left-wing movements using paid informants, journalists, and private spies – there cannot be an open invitation to practice militant preservation. The affirmative’s desire for public discussions of militant preservation endangers true organizers to publicize their strategies – leads to crackdown and infilitration.

Gibbons 19 (Chip, [a journalist whose work has been featured in In These Times and the Nation. He is also the policy director of Defending Rights and Dissent, where he authored the report "Still Spying on Dissent: The Enduring Problem of FBI First Amendment Abuse."], “Enemies of the Left,” Jacobin, March 6, 2019, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/03/fbi-infiltration-surveillance-ru-rcp //)2simmz

Gibbons 19

545,028

11

11,907

1,608

760,858

17,749

2NC

Offense

2NC—Link O/V

Extinction

Yu 9 – (5/22, Victoria, Dartmouth Undergraduate Journal of Science, "Human extinction: the uncertainty of our fate", http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate)

Yu 9

95,194

130

2,134

1,609

1,870,110

55,050

null

Crisis Adv

null

Deterrence theory is true for corporations

Russo 17, JD Candidate @ Villanova (Christina, “CRIMINAL PROSECUTION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LAWBREAKERS: A STATUTE WITH NO BITE,” 28 Vill. Envtl. L.J. 97, Lexis)

Russo 17

57,601

24

20,366

1,610

784,559

18,348

2ac

null

AT: Dedev

Growth is sustainable and necessary to solve all global problems

Lomborg 13—adjunct professor at the Copenhagen Business School

Lomborg 13

88,459

116

5,041

1,611

1,174,209

28,769

1NC

Off-case

1NC---OFF

Unhinged AI unloads nuclear escalation and infinite suffering.

Toby Ord 20, senior research fellow in philosophy at Oxford University and world-renowned risk-assessment expert who’s advised WHO, the World Bank, the WEF, and the US National Intelligence Council, 3/3/2020, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, pp. 194-196, cc, edited for ableist language

Ord 20

315,268

114

2,832

1,612

784,850

18,354

null

2ac

AT: Wilderson

The ballot must evaluate the consequences of political choices, including rejoining the 1ac and providing a workable alt

Christopher A. Bracey 6, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318

Bracey 6, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318

41,912

638

1,683

1,613

733,625

16,709

1AC

null

Regionalism

Regionalism is feasible and uniquely solves sectarian conflicts

Dr. Christian Koch 15 is the Director of the Gulf Research Center Foundation in Ge- neva, Switzerland and Christian-Peter Hanelt is a Senior Expert at the Bertelsmann Stiftung on Europe and the Middle East for the “Europe‘s Future” program, "A Gulf Conference Could Bring Peace and Security to the Middle East," 7-12-15, http://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/global-wire/a-gulf-conference-for-security-and-cooperation-could-bring-peace-and-greater-security-to-the-middle-east/, DOA: 8-17-2015, y2k

Koch 15

427,784

21

4,438

1,614

784,824

18,355

null

1ac

Adv 2

Explicit CSA removal key

Wild, 13 [Joshua, JD, Suffolk University, EPIC FAILURE: THE UNCOMFORTABLE TRUTH ABOUT THE UNITED STATES' ROLE IN THE FAILURE OF THE GLOBAL WAR ON DRUGS AND HOW IT IS GOING TO FIX IT, Suffolk University Suffolk Transnational Law Review Summer, 2013, 36 Suffolk Transnat'l L. Rev. 423, p. lexis]

Wild, 13

46,065

168

28,435

1,615

733,803

16,713

1AC

null

2

Regionalism is possible

Dr. Christian Koch 15 is the Director of the Gulf Research Center Foundation in Ge- neva, Switzerland and Christian-Peter Hanelt is a Senior Expert at the Bertelsmann Stiftung on Europe and the Middle East for the “Europe‘s Future” program, "A Gulf Conference Could Bring Peace and Security to the Middle East," 7-12-15, http://www.internationalaffairs.org.au/global-wire/a-gulf-conference-for-security-and-cooperation-could-bring-peace-and-greater-security-to-the-middle-east/, DOA: 8-17-2015, y2k

Koch 15

427,784

21

4,438

1,616

734,192

16,724

2AC

Off Case

2AC Syria

Multilat fails- collective action problem and internal politics

Krisch 14 (Nico. January. Research Professor, Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals, Barcelona. “THE DECAY OF CONSENT: INTERNATIONAL LAW IN AN AGE OF GLOBAL PUBLIC GOODS” The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 108, No. 1. JSTOR) 2/13/16 RK

427,983

2

5,489

1,617

734,482

16,729

1AC

null

1AC--Solvency

Single issue focus on the military spills over to other movements

Lieberfeld, Associate Professor of Public Policy @ McAnulty College, 8

16,840

179

3,858

1,618

287,208

3,637

Collapse Advantage

null

2NC No Collapse – Econ Strong

Misunderstanding of the North Korean economy and nonconvertibility of its isolated currency makes figures unreliable – they’re all Western conjecture, even taking sanction effects into account

Feron 14 [Henri Feron, Ph.D candidate in international law at Tsinghua University, Beijing; “Doom and Gloom or Economic Boom? The Myth of the 'North Korean Collapse'”; The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol 12, Issue 18, No 3; 04/02/2014; accessed 06/30/2016; <http://apjjf.org/2014/12/18/Henri-Feron/4113/article.html>.]

Feron 14 candidate in international law at Tsinghua University, Beijing; “Doom and Gloom or Economic Boom? The Myth of the 'North Korean Collapse'”; The Asia-Pacific Journal, Vol 12, Issue 18, No 3; 04/02/2014; accessed 06/30/2016; <http://apjjf.org/2014/12/18/Henri-Feron/4113/article.html>.]

184,653

9

7,246

1,619

762,470

17,800

null

Education k

null

The call towards a democratic inclusion of the red body forces us into the coordinates of the state destroy our red pedagogy while simultaneously enacting violence on the ref body.

Grande 8 [Sandy, Associate Professor of Education at Connecticut College, “Red Pedagogy: The Un-Methodology,” Handbook of Critical and Indigenous Methodologies, eds. Norman K. Denzin, Yvonna S. Lincoln, and Linda Tuhiwai Smith, p 249-250]

Grande 8

42,444

23

4,000

1,620

762,526

17,803

Case

null

I-Law good

International law is effective and the aff’s technical approach is the best heuristic for mediating ethical concerns and legal manipulability

Ioannis Kalpouzos 7, Professor of Law at The City Law School, "David Kennedy, Of War and Law", J Conflict Security Law, (2007) 12 (3): 485-492, jcsl.oxfordjournals.org/content/12/3/485.full

Kalpouzos 7

51,436

65

4,261

1,621

762,980

17,818

1NC

On

China

No China war - they'll be restrained

Stutter 14[March 19, 2014, Robert, Professor of Practice of International Affairs at George Washington University, China-US Focus, "Why China Avoids Confronting the U.S. in Asia", http://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/why-china-avoids-confronting-the-u-s-in-asia-2/]

Stutter 14 ]

95,968

92

1,919

1,622

763,092

17,822

Neg stuff for Mo State

Xenotransplantation

null

**Pandemics unlikely and no extinction

Ridley 12 [8/17, Matt Ridley, columnist for The Wall Street Journal and author of The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves, “Apocalypse Not: Here’s Why You Shouldn’t Worry About End Times,” http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/08/ff_apocalypsenot/all/]

Ridley 12

97,826

173

2,855

1,623

785,349

18,369

semis neg v. northwestern mv

1nc

1nc Iran DA

That undermines PC needed to prevent veto override and sustain talks. Spurs prolif and war.

Beauchamp, 11/6/14 --B.A.s in Philosophy and Political Science from Brown University and an M.Sc in International Relations from the London School of Economics, former editor of TP Ideas and a reporter for ThinkProgress.org. He previously contributed to Andrew Sullivan’s The Dish at Newsweek/Daily Beast, and has also written for Foreign Policy and Tablet magazines, now writes for Vox (Zack, “How the new GOP majority could destroy Obama's nuclear deal with Iran,” http://www.vox.com/2014/11/6/7164283/iran-nuclear-deal-congress, JMP)

Beauchamp, 11/6/14

171,410

83

8,619

1,624

763,184

17,830

null

Case

The appeal to avert extinction and preempting environmental harm “for the good of us all” elides the distinct relationships to the environment between black and white bodies within American culture. White environmentalism is tied to a history of eugenics and dehumanization that ignores the physical and psychological violence done to non-white bodies.

Finney 14

438,596

1

10,515

1,625

785,321

18,365

r5 neg v minnesota ce

1nc

1nc politics

PC key - solves war

Beauchamp, 11/6/14 --B.A.s in Philosophy and Political Science from Brown University and an M.Sc in International Relations from the London School of Economics, former editor of TP Ideas and a reporter for ThinkProgress.org. He previously contributed to Andrew Sullivan’s The Dish at Newsweek/Daily Beast, and has also written for Foreign Policy and Tablet magazines, now writes for Vox (Zack, “How the new GOP majority could destroy Obama's nuclear deal with Iran,” http://www.vox.com/2014/11/6/7164283/iran-nuclear-deal-congress, JMP)

Beauchamp, 11/6/14

171,410

83

8,619

1,626

763,410

17,837

2AC

South

AT: Presence Good

withdrawal causes South Korea to pursue active multilateralism

Lee 9 (Guen Lee, Seoul National University, December 2009. “The Nexus between Korea’s Regional Security Options and Domestic Politics.” http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:3vR8CmWH8KUJ:www.cfr.org/content/ publications/ attachments/NEAsiaSecurityLee.pdf+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us)

Lee 9 =us)

251,301

27

4,624

1,627

1,166,358

28,602

2NC

K – Set Col

2AC---Plan Popular

Even if limited, it flips nuclear tripwires.

Peter Hayes 18, Professor of International Relations at RMIT University, Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability, Ph.D. in Energy and Resources from the University of California-Berkeley; NAPSNet Special Reports, 1/18/2018, “Non-State Terrorism and Inadvertent Nuclear War,” https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-special-reports/non-state-terrorism-and-inadvertent-nuclear-war/

Hayes 18

1,783

845

5,288

1,628

785,492

18,371

doubles neg v. northwestern os

1nc

1nc Iran DA

PC key - solves war

Beauchamp, 11/6/14 --B.A.s in Philosophy and Political Science from Brown University and an M.Sc in International Relations from the London School of Economics, former editor of TP Ideas and a reporter for ThinkProgress.org. He previously contributed to Andrew Sullivan’s The Dish at Newsweek/Daily Beast, and has also written for Foreign Policy and Tablet magazines, now writes for Vox (Zack, “How the new GOP majority could destroy Obama's nuclear deal with Iran,” http://www.vox.com/2014/11/6/7164283/iran-nuclear-deal-congress, JMP)

Beauchamp, 11/6/14

171,410

83

8,619

1,629

763,615

17,843

1NC

null

Politics

The impact is nuclear war—deterrence key

Fisher 9/3/14 (Max, Political Analyst @ Vox, "Obama's Russia paradox: Why he just threatened WWIII in order to prevent it," http://www.vox.com/2014/9/3/6101507/obama-just-committed-the-us-to-war-against-russia-if-it-invades)

Fisher 9/3/14

196,768

40

3,283

1,630

3,307,531

109,048

1NC vs Greenhill BZ Quarters St Marx

Case

Sexual Assault

1. Leicht 17 is about student journalists, their Turner evidence says the plan only applies to professional journalists- we’ll insert the relevant part they left out For example, the New Jersey statute applies to any "person engaged on, engaged in, connected with, or em ployed by news media for the purpose of gathering, procuring, transmitting, compiling, editing or disseminating news for the general public

null

New Jersey statute applies to any "person engaged on, engaged in, connected with, or em ployed by news media for the purpose of gathering, procuring, transmitting, compiling, editing or disseminating news for the general public

1,391,078

1

null

1,631

785,503

18,371

doubles neg v. northwestern os

1nc

1nc rico da

RICO critical to deter and crack down on patent trolling

Silver ‘9

445,439

1

3,076

1,632

764,103

17,851

2AC

1st K

AT: Intervention

The impact of “intervention” is asinine---they collapse a core difference between neoconservativism and the aff’s foreign policy

Jim Arkedis 11, the director of the National Security Project at the Progressive Policy Institute and a principal fellow of the Truman National Security Project "Not All Interventions Are The Same" March 28 www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/03/28/not_all_interventions_are_the_same?print=yes&hidecomments=yes&page=full

Arkedis 11,

76,656

31

3,148

1,633

734,523

16,730

1AC

Round 1

A2AD

Naval leadership checks global nuclear war

Robert C. Rubel 14, Dean of Naval Warfare Studies at the Naval War College, “Navies and Economic Prosperity: The New Logic of Sea Power,” in Writing to Think: The Intellectual Journey of a Naval Career, https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/dsd/research/researchgroups/corbett/corbettpaper11.pdf, DOA: 1-12-16, y2k

Rubel 14

427,970

83

21,812

1,634

1,179,570

28,913

1AC

null

1AC – solvency

Denying Enbridge’s request to build the tunnel solves and is NOT vital to energy prices.

TenEyck 20(Jane TenEyck, Executive Director of “CORA”, Sean McBrearty Michigan Legislative and Political Director Clean Water Action (“CWA”), Elizabeth R. Kirkwood Executive Director For Love of Water (“FLOW”), Jim Lively Director of Program Strategy Groundwork Center for Resilient Communities, Bentley Johnson Senior Partnerships Manager Michigan League of Conservation Voters (“MLCV”), Ann Rogers and Greg Reisig Co-Chairs Northern Michigan Environmental Action Council, David Holtz and Anne Woiwode Co-Chairs Sierra Club Michigan, JoAnne Cromley Chair Straits Area of Concerned Citizens for Peace Justice and the Environment (“SACCPJE”), Patty Peek Chair Straits of Mackinac Alliance (“SMA”), Bill Latka Chair TC350.org, 7-14-2020, "Public Comments on the Joint Application of Enbridge Energy for proposed pipeline tunnel under the Straits of Mackinac between Mackinaw City and Saint Ignace, Michigan,” https://forloveofwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Comments-to-USACE-permitting-on-proposed-tunnel.pdf, accessed 6-22-2021//mrul) The Application Threatens to Violate State, Federal and Local Laws. In this case, boring an unprecedented tunnel through the bedrock and soils of the Great Lakes threatens to violate a host of Federal, State, or local law or requirements imposed for the protection of the environment, including but not limited to, the Great Lakes Submerged Lands Act (“GLSLA”), the Michigan Environmental Protection Act (“MEPA”) public trust law, Michigan’s Constitution, Michigan Water Quality Standards, 59 the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”). As a threshold matter, Enbridge lacks legal authorization to 60 construct and operate this proposed tunnel and pipeline because the 2017 and 2018 agreements coupled with the Act 359 legislation to authorize such construction of a private tunnel through public trust bottomlands violate public trust law (GLSLA and MEPA) and the Michigan Constitution (Art. 4 Sec. 52). As public trustee, the State of Michigan has a separate and irrevocable duty to protect the paramount interests of the navigable waterways and bottomlands of the Great Lakes. This includes the proposed location of the tunnel and pipeline project under the Straits of Mackinac. In other words, the very tunnel agreements and legislation Enbridge relies on to make this joint application are defective. Thus, an EIS 61 is required to evaluate these and other applicable federal and state laws.

TenEyck 20(Jane TenEyck, Executive Director of “CORA”, Sean McBrearty Michigan Legislative and Political Director Clean Water Action (“CWA”), Elizabeth R. Kirkwood Executive Director For Love of Water (“FLOW”), Jim Lively Director of Program Strategy Groundwork Center for Resilient Communities, Bentley Johnson Senior Partnerships Manager Michigan League of Conservation Voters (“MLCV”), Ann Rogers and Greg Reisig Co-Chairs Northern Michigan Environmental Action Council, David Holtz and Anne Woiwode Co-Chairs Sierra Club Michigan, JoAnne Cromley Chair Straits Area of Concerned Citizens for Peace Justice and the Environment (“SACCPJE”), Patty Peek Chair Straits of Mackinac Alliance (“SMA”), Bill Latka Chair TC350.org, 7-14-2020, "Public Comments on the Joint Application of Enbridge Energy for proposed pipeline tunnel under the Straits of Mackinac between Mackinaw City and Saint Ignace, Michigan,” https://forloveofwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Comments-to-USACE-permitting-on-proposed-tunnel.pdf, accessed 6-22-2021//mrul)

36,603

23

13,095

1,635

734,694

16,733

GMU KK – GSU Rd 6 – Neg vs Kansas BC

Stability

A2: Econ – 1NC

No impact to economic decline – prefer new data

Daniel Drezner 14, Professor of IR at Tufts, “The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession”, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164

Drezner 14

987

1,331

1,554

1,636

734,940

16,737

1AR

Burden sharing

No LINK

Non-unique---status quo sends the signal of disengagement

Dr. Colin Kahl 14, an Associate Professor at Georgetown University, a Senior Fellow and Director of Middle East Security Program at the Center for a New American Security, and the former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for the Middle East, “US Commitments to the Gulf Arab States: MEPC Capitol Hill Conference (Transcript),” 4-24-14, http://susris.com/2014/04/24/us-commitments-to-the-gulf-arab-states-mepc-capitol-hill-conference-transcript/, DOA: 8-6-15, y2k

Kahl 14

428,231

1

908

1,637

1,166,383

28,602

1NR

K – Set Col

2NC---Thumpers

1. Biden’s fundamentally corporatist. Regulation flips the meta.

Dr. Steven Cohen 21, PhD in sustainable development, Professor in the Practice of Public Affairs, Director of the Master of Public Administration, and Director of the Earth Institute’s Research Program on Sustainability at Columbia, policy analyst and consultant for the EPA, 6/28/21, “President Biden’s Climate Change Political Strategy,” https://sps.columbia.edu/news/president-bidens-climate-change-political-strategy, cc

Cohen 21

529,867

31

1,795

1,638

1,166,587

28,807

S 2NC---SBF22---Round 4

Democracy Turn

2NC---Aggressive Revision Impact

The perception of declining US power is what keeps relations peaceful---China and Russia only aggress if challenged.

Daniel W. Drezner 17, professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, 7/26/17, “Why Donald Trump might not face a foreign policy crisis anytime soon,” https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2017/07/26/why-we-might-not-have-to-worry-about-how-donald-trump-will-handle-a-foreign-policy-crisis/?utm_term=.2651039a316b

Drezner 17

81,189

31

2,160

1,639

764,266

17,855

2NC

Middle Power

2NC—AT: Disease

Global pandemics unlikely and don’t cause extinction

Ridley ’12 [August 17th, 2012, Matt, columnist for The Wall Street Journal and author of The Rational Optimist: How Prosperity Evolves, “Apocalypse Not: Here’s Why You Shouldn’t Worry About End Times,” http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2012/08/ff_apocalypsenot/all/]

Ridley ’12

97,826

173

2,852

1,640

764,178

17,853

1NC

Case

1NC—Engagement

AQAP gets nukes—turns the advantage externally

Williams 11 (2011, Sarah Williams is the coordinator of the Fissile Materials Working Group, “After bin Laden: Nuclear terrorism still a top threat,” http://thebulletin.org/after-bin-laden-nuclear-terrorism-still-top-threat)

Williams 11

434,272

15

2,359

1,641

786,102

18,376

Octos Neg v. Kentucky GN

1nc—everything Else

1nc Iran Disad

PC key to prevent override, solves prolif and war

Beauchamp, 11/6/14 --B.A.s in Philosophy and Political Science from Brown University and an M.Sc in International Relations from the London School of Economics, former editor of TP Ideas and a reporter for ThinkProgress.org. He previously contributed to Andrew Sullivan’s The Dish at Newsweek/Daily Beast, and has also written for Foreign Policy and Tablet magazines, now writes for Vox (Zack, “How the new GOP majority could destroy Obama's nuclear deal with Iran,” http://www.vox.com/2014/11/6/7164283/iran-nuclear-deal-congress, JMP)

Beauchamp, 11/6/14

171,410

83

8,619

1,642

764,810

17,869

UGA BR Round 4 ADA

1AC

Contention 2 – Archipelagic Defense

Unchecked aggression in the Baltics triggers global nuclear war – deterrence is key

Fisher 14 (Max, Political Analyst @ Vox, "Obama's Russia paradox: Why he just threatened WWIII in order to prevent it," http://www.vox.com/2014/9/3/6101507/obama-just-committed-the-us-to-war-against-russia-if-it-invades)

Fisher 14

196,768

40

3,283

1,643

765,148

17,877

UGA BR Round 6 Districts

2ac Round 6 Districts

2ac Capitalism K

Sustainable & the alt fails

Arvidsson 13—teaches sociology at the University of Milano

Arvidsson 13

92,501

119

7,220

1,644

735,517

16,749

2AC

2AC Case

1AC--Solvency

Plan is an extension of anti- war movements at home—checks any impact to the shift and proves perm solves

Lieberfeld, Associate Professor of Public Policy @ McAnulty College, 8

16,840

179

3,858

1,645

736,198

16,763

GMU KK---Liberty Rd 6---Neg vs Liberty CS

Off

A2: Marines Adv

No impact to economic decline – prefer new data

Daniel Drezner 14, Professor of IR at Tufts, “The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession”, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164

Drezner 14

987

1,331

1,554

1,646

56,461

941

Disadvantage links

Politics

L – PC

Plan’s massively controversial – entrenched opposition

Hannah Northey, 20 - E&E News reporter “Biden would face slog to ditch Trump's WOTUS” Greenwire, August 20, 2020, Greenwire database through Michigan libraries //DH

Northey, 20

565,370

9

1,109

1,647

786,216

18,379

2ac

OFF

AT: Amendment CP

2016 key

Stewart M. Patrick, 14, Senior Fellow and Director, Program on International Institutions and Global Governance @ CFR, The Global Debate Over Illegal Drugs Heats Up, April 1, 2014, http://blogs.cfr.org/patrick/2014/04/01/the-global-debate-over-illegal-drugs-heats-up/

Patrick, 14

432,188

47

5,450

1,648

736,485

16,768

2AC

Link Debate

A2: Util Link

No enviro impact

Brook 13

null

35,507

326

7,186

1,649

1,163,390

28,586

1NR

Link

2NC---WOTUS

Plan’s massively controversial---entrenched opposition

Hannah Northey, 20 - E&E News reporter “Biden would face slog to ditch Trump's WOTUS” Greenwire, August 20, 2020, Greenwire database through Michigan libraries //DH

Northey, 20

565,370

9

1,109

1,650

1,166,842

28,606

1nr

Link

1NC---OFF

Plan’s massively controversial---entrenched opposition

Hannah Northey, 20 - E&E News reporter “Biden would face slog to ditch Trump's WOTUS” Greenwire, August 20, 2020, Greenwire database through Michigan libraries //DH

Northey, 20

565,370

9

1,109

1,651

3,307,905

108,695

1NC

DA

null

China is expanding through Latin America and Honduras will be the next domino to fall absent renewed commitments to the region – China fills in and non uniques all their impacts.

Reuters, 9-24-2018, "Honduras President Laments US Aid Cuts, Eyes Role of China," VOA, https://www.voanews.com/a/honduras-president-laments-us-aid-cuts-eyes-role-of-china/4585898.html

Reuters, 9-24-2018, "Honduras President Laments US Aid Cuts, Eyes Role of China," VOA,

1,391,206

5

3,507

1,652

786,478

18,394

UGA BR Round 1 Texas

2NC K

2NC AT: Pre-Req

Their material understanding of terror and security is turned by the alt

VARADARJAN (Professor of Political Science) 2004 [Latha, “Constructivism, Identity and Neoliberal (in)security”, Review of International Studies, p. cjo]

VARADARJAN 2004

445,730

3

5,877

1,653

1,175,616

28,862

1NR

OFF

1NC---Federalism DA

Federalism’s balanced now, but tenuous---the plan undermines state authority in environmental law and beyond---destroys climate response and makes water policy ineffective

Carley Weted 21, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Public Administration and Policy at American University, 5/7/21, “Does Environmental Policy “Need” the Federal Government?,” https://medium.com/3streams/does-environmental-policy-need-the-federal-government-21abcd8fe970 /jpb

Weted 21

36,874

124

4,504

1,654

737,353

16,785

null

2AC

CP

No enviro impact

Brook 13 Barry Brook, Professor at the University of Adelaide, leading environmental scientist, holding the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and is also Director of Climate Science at the University of Adelaide’s Environment Institute, author of 3 books and over 250 scholarly articles, Corey Bradshaw is an Associate Professor at the University of Adelaide and a joint appointee at the South Australian Research and Development Institute, Brave New Climate, March 4, 2013, "Worrying about global tipping points distracts from real planetary threats", http://bravenewclimate.com/2013/03/04/ecological-tipping-points/

Brook 13

35,507

326

6,517

1,655

786,613

18,399

null

1AC

Global Prohibition: 1AC [3:30]

Legalization of marijuana in Morocco is key to stability—they model US policy

Roslington and Pack 13 (James, PhD candidate in North African history at the University of Cambridge, and Jason, 11-4-13, "Morocco's Growing Cannabis Debate" Foreign Policy) mideastafrica.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/11/04/morocco_s_growing_cannabis_debate

Roslington and Pack 13

445,419

15

5,618

1,656

1,167,396

28,658

2NC

Scarcity Adv

2NC---Sino-Indo War D

Doklam crisis, self-interest, and US-Indo drift dampen conflict.

Lalwani 18 – Sameer Lalwani, Co-Director of the South Asia Program at the Stimson Center, Professor at George Washington University, Security Studies Ph.D. at MIT. [One Year After They Almost Went to War, Can China and India Get Along? 4-27-2018, http://www.chinafile.com/conversation/one-year-after-they-almost-went-war-can-china-and-india-get-along]

Lalwani 18

10,759

16

3,658

1,657

737,655

16,791

GMU KK---Wake Rd 3---Neg vs Northwestern OM

Taiwan

1NC- No Taiwan War

No Taiwan conflict – China is more focused on the west’s courtship

Etzioni 13 (Amitai, served as a senior advisor to the Carter White House; taught at Columbia University, Harvard University and The University of California at Berkeley; and is currently a university professor and professor of international relations at The George Washington University “The Devolution of American Power” 37 Fletcher F. World Aff. 13, lexis)

Etzioni 13

425,395

5

2,284

1,658

737,918

16,797

OFF

null

1NC – T

A. Reduce means elimination

US Code 09 (26 CFR 54.4980F-1, lexis)

US Code 09

73,253

29

285

1,659

767,053

17,918

Round 4—Aff vs. Kansas MR—JP

1AC

Cartels – 1AC

Domestic manufacturing is key to overall economic resilience and innovation

Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011 (Michael, Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf)

Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011

66,187

113

3,939

1,660

787,067

18,403

1AR

Lynch

Solvency deficit

Republicans will break against lynch – mccain blocks now

Sen. John McCain says he will oppose Loretta Lynch's attorney general confirmation

null

445,917

1

398

1,661

3,308,980

109,027

null

Case

null

State disclosures are severely limited and only fed solves

Yin 8/3 (Yin, George K. “Five myths about Trump’s income tax returns”. Washington Post. August 3, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/five-myths/five-myths-about-trumps-income-tax-returns/2018/08/03/72ec3858-9504-11e8-810c-5fa705927d54_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.85c4a74b7eb1. George K. Yin is the Edwin S. Cohen Distinguished Professor of Law and Taxation at the University of Virginia School of Law and a former chief of staff of the congressional Joint Committee on Taxation)

Yin 8/3

1,390,967

3

1,401

1,662

767,413

17,922

Round 6—Aff vs. George Mason KL—Moczulski

2AC

2AC – Courts CP

That unleashes a laundry list of nuclear conflicts

Eaglen ‘11

43,800

98

9,081

1,663

1,175,561

28,768

1NC

Case

BioD Bad---1NC

Disease causes extinction.

Ord ‘20 [Toby; reporter for the Guardian; 3-6-2020; "Why we need worst-case thinking to prevent pandemics"; Guardian; https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/mar/06/worst-case-thinking-prevent-pandemics-coronavirus-existential-risk]

996

728

12,956

1,664

767,372

17,920

Round 5—Neg vs. Michigan DM—Strauss

2NC

Enforcement – Solvency – 2NC

The counterplan creates the International Cyber Forensics and Compliance Staff – their expertise can attribute who did the cyber-attack – and the laws of state responsibility guarantee punishment for unlawful action which will deter abuse

Moore ’13

440,140

2

2,372

1,665

738,221

16,803

1NC

null

The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of historical materialism – historical materialism links social praxis to a decisive judgment on capitalist oppression.

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness) <224-225>

Lukacs in 67 ) <224-225>

72,123

42

2,063

1,666

738,193

16,802

Case

Framing

2AC A2: Low Prob

Discourse doesn’t shape reality

Balzacq, Namar University Political Science and IR Prof, 5

Balzacq, 5

18,299

492

2,287

1,667

787,521

18,417

1NC

OFF

Successful bioterror attack causes extinction

Anders Sandberg et al., James Martin Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, "How Can We Reduce the Risk of Human Extinction?" BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, 9-9-08, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction, accessed 5-2-10.

Sandberg 08

21,354

875

1,272

1,668

738,173

16,802

null

Waste

Impact D

No enviro impact

Brook 13

null

35,507

326

7,186

1,669

738,306

16,804

1NR

PTX

Will Pass – 2NC/1NR – Generic

( ) Vote count and momentum goes neg

Nick Timiraos and Kristina Peterson 10/21, "Jacob Lew to Congress: Avoid Brinkmanship, Raise Debt Ceiling," xx-xx-xxxx, WSJ, http://www.wsj.com/articles/jacob-lew-to-congress-avoid-brinkmanship-raise-debt-ceiling-1445464197, DOA: 10-22-2015, y2k

Timiraos and Peterson 10/21

428,973

3

574

1,670

738,310

16,804

1NR

PTX

A2: Thumpers – Generic

4. It is Boehner’s top priority

Nick Timiraos and Kristina Peterson 10/21, "Jacob Lew to Congress: Avoid Brinkmanship, Raise Debt Ceiling," xx-xx-xxxx, WSJ, http://www.wsj.com/articles/jacob-lew-to-congress-avoid-brinkmanship-raise-debt-ceiling-1445464197, DOA: 10-22-2015, y2k

Timiraos and Peterson 10/21

428,973

3

574

1,671

3,960,204

133,893

2AC

cap

Licensing Link

We don’t remove lisenciLicensing is critical to worker wellbeing

Robinson 18 (Nick, Affiliated Fellow, Center on the Legal Profession, Harvard Law School, “The Multiple Justifications for Occupational Licensing,” Washington Law Review, vol. 93, no. 4, December 2018, p. 1903-1960. HeinOnline, https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/washlr93&i=1937)//NRG

Robinson 18

495,906

10

2,948

1,672

1,179,586

28,914

1AC

null

1AC – solvency

Denying Enbridge’s request to build the tunnel solves and is NOT vital to energy prices.

TenEyck 20(Jane TenEyck, Executive Director of “CORA”, Sean McBrearty Michigan Legislative and Political Director Clean Water Action (“CWA”), Elizabeth R. Kirkwood Executive Director For Love of Water (“FLOW”), Jim Lively Director of Program Strategy Groundwork Center for Resilient Communities, Bentley Johnson Senior Partnerships Manager Michigan League of Conservation Voters (“MLCV”), Ann Rogers and Greg Reisig Co-Chairs Northern Michigan Environmental Action Council, David Holtz and Anne Woiwode Co-Chairs Sierra Club Michigan, JoAnne Cromley Chair Straits Area of Concerned Citizens for Peace Justice and the Environment (“SACCPJE”), Patty Peek Chair Straits of Mackinac Alliance (“SMA”), Bill Latka Chair TC350.org, 7-14-2020, "Public Comments on the Joint Application of Enbridge Energy for proposed pipeline tunnel under the Straits of Mackinac between Mackinaw City and Saint Ignace, Michigan,” https://forloveofwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Comments-to-USACE-permitting-on-proposed-tunnel.pdf, accessed 6-22-2021//mrul) The Application Threatens to Violate State, Federal and Local Laws. In this case, boring an unprecedented tunnel through the bedrock and soils of the Great Lakes threatens to violate a host of Federal, State, or local law or requirements imposed for the protection of the environment, including but not limited to, the Great Lakes Submerged Lands Act (“GLSLA”), the Michigan Environmental Protection Act (“MEPA”) public trust law, Michigan’s Constitution, Michigan Water Quality Standards, 59 the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”). As a threshold matter, Enbridge lacks legal authorization to 60 construct and operate this proposed tunnel and pipeline because the 2017 and 2018 agreements coupled with the Act 359 legislation to authorize such construction of a private tunnel through public trust bottomlands violate public trust law (GLSLA and MEPA) and the Michigan Constitution (Art. 4 Sec. 52). As public trustee, the State of Michigan has a separate and irrevocable duty to protect the paramount interests of the navigable waterways and bottomlands of the Great Lakes. This includes the proposed location of the tunnel and pipeline project under the Straits of Mackinac. In other words, the very tunnel agreements and legislation Enbridge relies on to make this joint application are defective. Thus, an EIS 61 is required to evaluate these and other applicable federal and state laws.

TenEyck 20(Jane TenEyck, Executive Director of “CORA”, Sean McBrearty Michigan Legislative and Political Director Clean Water Action (“CWA”), Elizabeth R. Kirkwood Executive Director For Love of Water (“FLOW”), Jim Lively Director of Program Strategy Groundwork Center for Resilient Communities, Bentley Johnson Senior Partnerships Manager Michigan League of Conservation Voters (“MLCV”), Ann Rogers and Greg Reisig Co-Chairs Northern Michigan Environmental Action Council, David Holtz and Anne Woiwode Co-Chairs Sierra Club Michigan, JoAnne Cromley Chair Straits Area of Concerned Citizens for Peace Justice and the Environment (“SACCPJE”), Patty Peek Chair Straits of Mackinac Alliance (“SMA”), Bill Latka Chair TC350.org, 7-14-2020, "Public Comments on the Joint Application of Enbridge Energy for proposed pipeline tunnel under the Straits of Mackinac between Mackinaw City and Saint Ignace, Michigan,” https://forloveofwater.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Comments-to-USACE-permitting-on-proposed-tunnel.pdf, accessed 6-22-2021//mrul)

36,603

23

13,095

1,673

767,676

17,928

Round 6—Neg v. Emory KS—

2NC

No Modeling

Stats prove influence waning

Liptak 2008

51,568

48

2,618

1,674

768,040

17,937

Harvard Rd 1—Aff vs. Trinity YV—Bauschard

1AC

Cartels – 1AC

Domestic manufacturing is key to overall economic resilience and innovation

Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011 (Michael, Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf)

Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011

66,187

113

3,939

1,675

738,447

16,807

2NC

Cap

Can’t overcome – 1NC

only an eradication of class differences is capable of solving racism.

Young 06 (Chair @ NYU; Robert, “Putting Materialism Back into the Race Theory: Toward a Transformative Theory of Race”, redcritique.org )

Young 06

72,085

88

1,531

1,676

245,678

3,072

Student Cards

Answers To:

AT: School Privatization—N/U

Non-Unique – Trump’s budget plan is already gutting school funding

Emma Brown 5/17/2017 Trump’s first full education budget: Deep cuts to public school programs in pursuit of school choice Emma Brown writes about national education and about people with a stake in schools, including teachers, parents and kids. She’s also covered D.C. and Virginia schools and written obituaries for the Post. She’s a latecomer to journalism who worked as a wilderness ranger in Wyoming and as a middle-school math teacher in Alaska before joining the newspaper in 2009.

Brown 5/17/2017

137,059

15

11,695

1,677

1,179,643

28,873

1AC

null

1AC---Solvency

Biden’s not using his existing PC---he’s left it to congressional leaders.

David Sirota 11/5 columnist for The Guardian, editor of Jacobin, senior advisor to the Bernie Sanders campaign; interviewed by Ryan Grim, bureau chief for The Intercept, bureau chief for HuffPost; 11/5/2021, "Deconstructed: Biden Should Look to Obama’s Mistakes," https://theintercept.com/2021/11/05/deconstructed-biden-build-back-better-obama/, MBA AM

Sirota 11/5

501,178

21

3,586

1,678

738,426

16,807

1NC

Cap

null

The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of historical materialism – historical materialism links social praxis to a decisive judgment on capitalist oppression.

Lukacs in 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness) <224-225>

Lukacs in 67 ) <224-225>

72,123

42

2,063

1,679

768,236

17,938

Harvard Rd 3—Aff vs. Kansas CK—Starr

2AC

Kansas Envo DA

Prohibition is worse—regulations solve the impact

Juchao, 2014, Drug Policy Alliance(Aaron, “Marijuana Could Lead to a Paradigm Shift in Environmental Stewardship”, http://www.drugpolicy.org/blog/marijuana-could-lead-paradigm-shift-environmental-stewardship)

Juchao, 2014

440,439

6

2,478

1,680

768,459

17,947

null

1AC

Cartels

Domestic manufacturing is key to overall economic resilience and innovation

Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011 (Michael, Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf)

Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011

66,187

113

3,939

1,681

769,034

17,952

Round 8—Neg vs. Harvard DH—Meloche

1NR

2NC OG Link EXT

The public is overwhelmingly against online gambling

Ruddock, Bluff, 14 (Steve, 5-11-14, “Poll Indicates Modest Public Support for Online Gambling,” http://www.bluff.com/news/poll-indicates-modest-public-support-for-online-gambling-54263/, accessed 8-30-14, CMM)

Ruddock, Bluff, 14

440,622

5

683

1,682

1,179,868

28,828

1NC

Framing

1NC---Framing---Front

The anti-knowledge problem is averted by answering the disad.

Matthew Rendall 17, Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of Nottingham Political Science degree from Columbia University. [Pascalian Wagering And Catastrophic Risk: The Weitzman-Nordhaus Debate, 5/9/17, https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/climateethicseconomics/documents/papers-workshop-5/rendall.pdf

Rendall 17

10,104

37

4,128

1,683

3,319,237

109,447

null

1NC Skills

Outweighs the case – debates over mechanisms for concrete policy change are crucial to solve material violence

Capulong 09 (Assistant Professor of Law, University of Montana, Eduardo R.C., CLIENT ACTIVISM IN PROGRESSIVE LAWYERING THEORY, CLINICAL LAW REVIEW, 16 Clinical L. Rev. 109, Fall, 2009)

Capulong 09

1,357,308

42

17,280

1,684

623,141

11,450

null

1

null

Extinction

Sandberg, 8 -- Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute research fellow

Sandberg, 8

21,354

875

1,575

1,685

769,552

17,963

1NC

K

FBI – No CP

Cyberwar isn’t an existential threat --- best studies prove

Healey 13 Jason, Director of the Cyber Statecraft Initiative at the Atlantic Council, "No, Cyberwarfare Isn't as Dangerous as Nuclear War", 3/20, www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2013/03/20/cyber-attacks-not-yet-an-existential-threat-to-the-us

Healey 13

48,511

253

3,225

1,686

262,430

3,321

North Korea Affirmative

Advantage CP Answers

2AC — Advantage CP

(--) Engagement will fail with North Korea:

Zhu Feng, 2016 (Executive Director of China Center for Collaborative Studies of the South China Sea at Nanjing University) What New Approach Should the U.S. and China Take to North Korea? Feb. 9, 2016. Retrieved Apr. 24, 2016 from https://www.chinafile.com/conversation/what-new-approach-should-us-and-china-take-north-korea

Feng, 2016 https://www.chinafile.com/conversation/what-new-approach-should-us-and-china-take-north-korea

169,999

4

605

1,687

769,859

17,972

1ac

null

3

This has created an opening for China to cement their influence—causes waves of coups

COHA 2014

439,396

7

3,512

1,688

769,869

17,975

1ac

1

Domestic manufacturing is key to overall economic resilience and innovation

Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011 (Michael, Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf)

Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011

66,187

113

3,939

1,689

1,176,539

28,901

null

Solvency

Hopi

Supreme court should rule

Crepelle 19 [Crepelle, Adam. "The Reservation Water Crisis." Tulane Environmental Law Journal 32.2 (2019): 157-188] [thiele] [Google Scholar] [ Visiting Assistant Professor, Southern University Law Center; Appellate Judge, Pascua Yaqui Tribe]

null

568,090

23

1,733

1,690

2,623,790

83,607

2nc

K

2nc – alt

There is overwhelming historical precedent for movements and protest as a means for economic and social restructuring. Here is a comprehensive historical study

Almeida 18 (Paul Almeida, Department of Sociology, University of California, Merced; Chris Chase-Dunn, Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside; “Globalization and Social Movements”, Annual Review of Sociology, 2018, 44:189–211)

Almeida 18

518,112

14

53,555

1,691

623,464

11,460

null

3

Capitalism's will cause extinction from climate change

Parr ‘13

51,704

299

4,912

1,692

3,319,263

109,447

null

2

Capitalism causes war, violence, environmental destruction and extinction

Robinson 14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism” The World Financial Review)

31,023

1,023

9,334

1,693

623,253

11,455

null

3

null

Declining assurances causes Japanese prolif – causes nuke war

Chanlett-Avery 9 [Emma Chanlett-Avery is a CRS Asian Affairs Specialist, “Japan’s Nuclear Future: Policy Debate, Prospects, and U.S. Interests,” Congressional Research Service, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL34487.pdf]

Chanlett-Avery 9

92,962

159

965

1,694

770,151

17,979

1ac

1

Domestic manufacturing is key to overall economic resilience and innovation

Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011 (Michael, Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf)

Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011

66,187

113

3,939

1,695

3,308,397

108,869

NC

Off 1 - T

null

Democracies and “public’s right to know” are generic nouns without an article that must apply to all instances. Byrd:

“Generic Meaning,” Georgia State University, Transcript of lecture given by Pat Byrd (Department of Applied Linguistics and ESL). SP

66,826

105

2,384

1,696

276,018

3,479

null

AFF

No Entry

Pakistan thumps NSG

Kazi 6/31(Reshmi- Journalist on India and Pakistani relation “China’s Objections to India’s NSG Participation is Harmful to Global Non-proliferation Efforts”6/31/16, http://www.thedialogue.co/chinas-objections-indias-nsg-participation-harmful-global-non-proliferation-efforts/)//MU

null

178,485

1

955

1,697

771,154

17,998

1ac

1

Domestic manufacturing is key to overall economic resilience and innovation

Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011 (Michael, Prior to joining the Center, he spent six years at the Economic Policy Institute directing the Economic Analysis and Research Network. Previously, he was tax policy director for Citizens for Tax Justice and the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy for 11 years. He has also served on the staff of the New York State Assembly. “The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing Why It Matters if We Make It in America and Where We Stand Today”, http://www.americanprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf)

Ettlinger, Center for American Progress Vice President for Economic Policy, 2011

66,187

113

3,939

1,698

623,592

11,473

null

Disarm is key – it revitalizes multilat and confidence building that creates structural deescalation

Brehm, 18 -- Researcher with expertise in international humanitarian and human rights law, disarmament and weapons law; co-founder of ICAN Switzerland

Brehm, 18

373,850

128

6,670

1,699

771,796

18,012

2ac

Off

2AC Iran

Dems who would defect have already done so

Tobin, commentary magazine, 1-16

441,417

1

5,662