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1,900 | 758,259 | 17,681 | 2NC | DA | 2NC—Carriers Link | Carrier presence is vital for Gulf reassurance – reductions post-Iran deal signals US disengagement from the region | Tewell 10/5/15 (Ryan, naval officer and Federal Executive Fellow at The Washington Institute who has completed multiple carrier deployments to the Gulf, "Assessing the U.S. Aircraft Carrier Gap in the Gulf," http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/assessing-the-u.s.-aircraft-carrier-gap-in-the-gulf) | Tewell 10/5/15 | 426,569 | 34 | 2,300 |
1,901 | 879,426 | 21,123 | 1AC | null | 1AC Terror | Independently – HVT solves terrorism | Price 12 Bryan C. Price is a major in the U.S. Army and former Assistant Professor of Social Sciences at the U.S. Military Academy. He will serve at the Asia-Paciªc Center for Security Studies starting in August 2012. The viewpoints expressed in this article do not necessarily reºect those of the U.S. Army or the Department of Defense. The dataset, tables, ªg | Price 12 | 474,149 | 10 | 4,608 |
1,902 | 879,472 | 21,124 | null | Drones Aff- Texas | Advantage | All-or-nothing choices inevitably fail--- small reforms like the plan are key to institutional change and getting others to sign on to productive changes | Wright ‘7 (Erik Olin Wright, Vilas Distinguished Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, “Guidelines for Envisioning Real Utopias”, Soundings, www.ssc.wisc.edu/~wright/Published%20writing/Guidelines-soundings.pdf, April 2007) | Wright ‘7 , April 2007) | 30,552 | 207 | 2,421 |
1,903 | 1,871,117 | 55,107 | 2ac | FW | null | The United States federal government is a assemblage of geographic, ethnic, moral, and technological elements. Focusing on how we relate to and can effect CJR is key. | Muller 15 [Martin, Swiss National Science Foundation Professor in the Department of Geography and Sustainability at the University of Lausanne, “Assemblages and Actor-networks: Rethinking Socio-material Power, Politics and Space,” Geography Compass 9/1, p. 32// https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gec3.12192] | Muller 15 | 19,361 | 144 | 1,294 |
1,904 | 879,784 | 21,135 | 1AC | null | 1AC – Piracy | Somali piracy wrecks international trade | Burlando et al, 2015 -- (Alfredo Burlando, Assistant Professor of Economics. University of Oregon. Anca D. Cristea, Assistant Professor Department of Economics University of Oregon, and Logan M. Lee, assistant professor of Economics at Grinnell College. “The Trade Consequences of Maritime Insecurity: Evidence from Somali Piracy.” Review of International Economics, 23(3), 525–557, 2015.) | Burlando et al, 2015 -- | 474,153 | 4 | 1,810 |
1,905 | 879,776 | 21,135 | 1AC | null | 1AC – Terror | Independently – HVT solves terrorism | Price 12 Bryan C. Price is a major in the U.S. Army and former Assistant Professor of Social Sciences at the U.S. Military Academy. He will serve at the Asia-Paciªc Center for Security Studies starting in August 2012. The viewpoints expressed in this article do not necessarily reºect those of the U.S. Army or the Department of Defense. The dataset, tables, ªg | Price 12 | 474,149 | 10 | 4,608 |
1,906 | 762,105 | 17,789 | 1NR | Saudi | AT: Residual Solves | Specifically they remove the carrier – that’s central to assurance and committment | Tewell 10/5/15 (Ryan, naval officer and Federal Executive Fellow at The Washington Institute who has completed multiple carrier deployments to the Gulf, "Assessing the U.S. Aircraft Carrier Gap in the Gulf," http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/assessing-the-u.s.-aircraft-carrier-gap-in-the-gulf) | Tewell 10/5/15 | 426,569 | 34 | 2,300 |
1,907 | 763,878 | 17,847 | 1NR | Deterrence DA | 2NC—Link | Carrier presence is vital for Gulf reassurance – reductions post-Iran deal signals US disengagement from the region | Tewell 10/5/15 (Ryan, naval officer and Federal Executive Fellow at The Washington Institute who has completed multiple carrier deployments to the Gulf, "Assessing the U.S. Aircraft Carrier Gap in the Gulf," http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/assessing-the-u.s.-aircraft-carrier-gap-in-the-gulf) | Tewell 10/5/15 | 426,569 | 34 | 2,300 |
1,908 | 282,778 | 3,573 | null | Alt Causes—Top | AC—Tibet—XT | Tibet is used as a tool by the U.S. to strategically manipulate China and is a massive alt cause to effective cooperation | Sautman 14 | null | 182,443 | 1 | 5,023 |
1,909 | 1,218,599 | 29,979 | 1AC – Hydropower Dams | FEDERALISM | SOLVENCY | We’ve already had water disputes in the past- thumps the DA | Lin, 20 (Albert C. Lin, a professor of law at UC Davis and specializes in environmental and natural resources law and also teaches evidence; he was previously a trial attorney for the Environment and Natural Resources Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, October 18 2020, “Uncooperative Environmental Federalism: State Suits Against the Federal Government in an Age of Political Polarization”, https://escholarship.org/content/qt64j5g27g/qt64j5g27g_noSplash_161db18130a88901cb11901156950dd0.pdf, accessed 6/18/2021) TK | Lin, 20 | 23,868 | 61 | 1,658 |
1,910 | 633,986 | 12,075 | null | Case | Miscalc | No nuke winter | Jon Reisner et al. 18. Reisner, atmospheric researcher at LANL Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Gennaro D'Angelo, UKAFF Fellow and member of the Astrophysics Group at the School of Physics of the University of Exeter, Research Scientist with the Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, currently works for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division; Eunmo Koo, scientist in the Computational Earth Science Group at LANL, recipient of the NNSA Defense Program Stockpile Stewardship Program award of excellence; Wesley Even, R&D Scientist at CCS-2, LANL, specialist in computational physics and astrophysics; Matthew Hecht is a member of the Computational Physics and Methods Group in the Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modelling program (COSIM) at LANL, who works on modeling high-latitude atmospheric effects in climate models as part of the HiLAT project; Elizabeth Hunke, Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, Deputy Group Leader of the T-3 Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group at LANL; Darin Comeau, Scientist at the CCS-2 COSIM program, specializes in high dimensional data analysis, statistical and predictive modeling, and uncertainty quantification, with particular applications to climate science; Randall Bos is a research scientist at LANL specializing in urban EMP simulations; James Cooley is a Group Leader within CCS-2. 03/16/2018. “Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapons Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based On Detailed Source Calculations.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 123, no. 5, pp. 2752–2772. | Reisner et al. 18 | 10,501 | 505 | 15,836 |
1,911 | 3,328,679 | 110,105 | null | 1NC | T | A] Generics – the resolution is a generic statement without qualifiers – i.e. there’s nothing conditioning the types of plea bargaining. Generics thus can only be affirmed by defending all instances, not speccing. | Byrd [“Generic Meaning,” Georgia State University, Transcript of lecture given by Pat Byrd, Department of Applied Linguistics & ESL] | Byrd | 66,826 | 105 | 1,947 |
1,912 | 777,746 | 18,174 | Round 3 Miami | 1NR DA | Link | Carrier presence is vital for Gulf reassurance – reductions post-Iran deal signals US disengagement from the region | Tewell 10/5/15 (Ryan, naval officer and Federal Executive Fellow at The Washington Institute who has completed multiple carrier deployments to the Gulf, "Assessing the U.S. Aircraft Carrier Gap in the Gulf," http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/assessing-the-u.s.-aircraft-carrier-gap-in-the-gulf) | Tewell 10/5/15 | 426,569 | 34 | 2,300 |
1,913 | 634,370 | 12,087 | 1nc | Case | 5 | No nuke winter | Jon Reisner et al. 18. Reisner, atmospheric researcher at LANL Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Gennaro D'Angelo, UKAFF Fellow and member of the Astrophysics Group at the School of Physics of the University of Exeter, Research Scientist with the Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, currently works for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division; Eunmo Koo, scientist in the Computational Earth Science Group at LANL, recipient of the NNSA Defense Program Stockpile Stewardship Program award of excellence; Wesley Even, R&D Scientist at CCS-2, LANL, specialist in computational physics and astrophysics; Matthew Hecht is a member of the Computational Physics and Methods Group in the Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modelling program (COSIM) at LANL, who works on modeling high-latitude atmospheric effects in climate models as part of the HiLAT project; Elizabeth Hunke, Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, Deputy Group Leader of the T-3 Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group at LANL; Darin Comeau, Scientist at the CCS-2 COSIM program, specializes in high dimensional data analysis, statistical and predictive modeling, and uncertainty quantification, with particular applications to climate science; Randall Bos is a research scientist at LANL specializing in urban EMP simulations; James Cooley is a Group Leader within CCS-2. 03/16/2018. “Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapons Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based On Detailed Source Calculations.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 123, no. 5, pp. 2752–2772. | Reisner et al. 18 | 10,501 | 505 | 15,836 |
1,914 | 847,705 | 20,190 | 1NR | Prolif DA | At: carrier gap | Current carrier gap has no impact but they’re long term key to assurance and deterrence – especially oil security | Tewell 10/5/2015 Commander Ryan Tewell is a naval officer and Federal Executive Fellow at The Washington Institute who has completed multiple carrier deployments to the Gulf, Assessing the U.S. Aircraft Carrier Gap in the Gulf, http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/assessing-the-u.s.-aircraft-carrier-gap-in-the-gulf | Tewell 10/5/2015 | 426,569 | 34 | 8,665 |
1,915 | 849,290 | 20,260 | Round 3—Neg—Cal SW | 1NC | 3 | The United States should formally propose a grand bargain to the People’s Republic of China which stipulates that the United States formally end its defense commitment to Taiwan if and only if China agrees to end its maritime disputes with relevant actors on fair terms to be negotiated as part of the bargain and officially accepts United States security commitments and military presence in the region. The United States should commit to increasing its missile defense military presence in, and alliance integration with, allied states in Northeast Asia, as per Glaser. | null | null | 465,378 | 1 | null |
1,916 | 1,218,764 | 29,998 | null | OFF | null | Plan ensures Biden’s PC is drained---water protection is massively controversial because of funding and delegation challenges. | Discussion led by Amanda Waters, 2019, [Amanda Waters (moderator) is General Counsel at the National Association of Clean Water Agencies., ""Waters Of The United States" And The Future Of Wetlands Protection", Environmental Law Reporter News And Analysis – Accessed via NexisUni through UMich //DMcD] | Waters 19 | 543,471 | 53 | 1,013 |
1,917 | 634,070 | 12,078 | 1nc | Case | Offense | Sedimentation means debris is heavy won’t rise high enough and it gets rained out – best studies | Reisner et al. 18 Jon Reisner - Climate and Atmospheric Sciences PhD at Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gennaro D'Angelo – PhD Los Alamos National Laboratory, Theoretical Division Eunmo Koo - Ph.D., Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Expertise: Atmospheric fluid dynamics, Modeling fluid-solid interactions, Fire spread in urban and wildland environment, Wind energy harvest, High-performance computing simulations; Wesley Even - Ph.D. Physics - Louisiana State University, Expertise: Computational Physics, Astrophysics Matthew Hecht – Expert in Climate and Ocean Modeling Elizabeth Hunke - Ph.D., Program in Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona, Expertise: Sea Ice Models; Darin Comeau – PhD, Applied Mathematics, University of Arizona , Expert in High dimensional data analysis, statistical and predictive modeling, and uncertainty quantification, with particular applications to climate science, as well as process-based modeling of the cryosphere; Randall Bos – PhD, Expert in Nuclear Weapon Effects Modeling and Simulation James Cooley - Ph.D. -- Physics, University of Maryland, Expert in Weapon Physics, Emergency Response, Computational Physics, Verification, and Validation (2018). Climate impact of a regional nuclear weapons exchange: An improved assessment based on detailed source calculations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres , 123 , 2752 – 2772. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027331 Received 20 JUN 2017 Accepted 1 FEB 2018 Accepted article online 13 FEB 2018 Published online 14 MAR 2018 ©2018. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distri- bution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modi fi cations or adaptations are made.] LHSBC | Reisner et al. 18 | 10,501 | 505 | 15,842 |
1,918 | 389,859 | 5,048 | null | ***A2 Warming Advantage*** | 2NC Renewables Tradeoff | Lowering natural gas prices anymore will ruin the coming stability in the market | Solar Town, “The Economics of Solar Energy: Is Fracking Killing Renewable Energy?,” January 5, 2012, http://www.solartown.com/community/news/view/the-economics-of-solar-energy-is-fracking-killing-renewable-energy/, accessed 8-12-2012. | Solar Town 2012, http://www.solartown.com/community/news/view/the-economics-of-solar-energy-is-fracking-killing-renewable-energy/, accessed 8-12-2012. | 248,356 | 2 | 2,433 |
1,919 | 360,577 | 4,702 | null | 1nc | null | Biopiracy is a form of piracy that steals from indigenous communities, robs them of medicine, and destroys their livelihoodsPedersen 12
Stephanie Pedersen, 23 August 2012, Biopirates Are Harming Indigenous Livelihoods, http://www.theinternational.org/articles/233-biopirates-are-harming-indigenous-livelihIn the late 1990’s a Swiss national went to the Simanjiro region of Tanzania to study the properties of the Oloisuki tree. He sent several samples back to Switzerland where it has since been processed and turned into syrup that is used as an additive in fruit juices, teas and toiletries. By doing this he violated Access and Benefit Sharing laws and Tanzanian customary laws, which in an interview with LIRDO (a local NGO), he later denied having any knowledge of. Access and Benefit Sharing laws regulate access to genetic materials and traditional knowledge and also ensure appropriate fair and equitable sharing that may arise from their utilization. The Maasai people in Tanzania and Kenya have been using the bark of the Oloisuki tree for years to treat malaria, stomach aches and to heal livestock. Recently, both the Muhimbili Univserity of Health and Applied Sciences and Makerere University Medical School confirmed the effectiveness of Oloisuki for treating malaria and measles. The Maasai people have seen very little compensation for the use of the Oloisuki tree. It is a plant that has great historical and cultural value. Their traditional knowledge regarding the properties of the tree was utilized for the production of Oloisuki products in Switzerland. There are international laws such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, which state that traditional knowledge may only be used by corporations if indigenous populations have given their informed consent. The Maasai did not give their informed consent for the harvesting and use of the Oloisuki tree and are demanding a patent that will provide appropriate economic compensation. Initially, the poorest women of the Maasai tribes were assigned the task of harvesting the Oloisuki tree as part of a project that was supposedly aimed at improving gender equality. These women were minimally compensated for their work. The Maasai people are semi-nomadic and rely upon subsistence farming and pastoralism for their livelihood. They live in regions of Tanzania and Kenya where access to clean water is frequently limited due to droughts and their current healthcare systems are largely inadequate. They rely heavily on the Oloisuki tree for its healing properties. With the threat of global warming, increased modernization and the loss of their traditional lands to national parks and conservation, the Maasai way of life as farmers and pastoralists is continually threatened. The Maasai as a people are increasingly impoverished and are in desperate need of new economic opportunities. Appropriate economic compensation for the use of the Oloisuki tree would allow for the expansion of health services, provide clean drinking water for both themselves and their livestock and would improve the socioeconomic welfare of the Maasai overall. What is biopiracy? The issue of bioprospecting, or biopiracy as many NGOs and developing nations call it, is one that is growing in scale as large multi-national corporations and pharmaceutical companies continue to search for new ways to make profit via the appropriation of biological materials. Bioprospecting is the process of appropriation and commercialization of natural products ranging from plants and animals to genes, many of which are found in the biologically diverse developing world. Often, bioprospecting includes the use of traditional knowledge derived from indigenous peoples who have used plants as a part of their culture for the purposes of healing, and becomes biopiracy when due credit is not given. Essentially, biopiracy accounts as a form of plagiarism or theft. There are several international laws in place to regulate bioprospecting and ensure that indigenous populations are rightly compensated for their contributions toward revenue generation, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol. In an interview with Flurina Doppler, a member of a Swiss-based NGO called Berne Declaration that monitors patent applications by Swiss corporations, Doppler identified one of the major shortcomings of these types of international conventions, namely that while they are legally binding, they lack the effective means for implementation and/or enforcement. Ms. Doppler also claims that while these international laws are in place to enforce access and benefit sharing laws (ABS), one of the main problems in stopping biopiracy is that many countries do not have ABS legislation as part of their national laws. Thus, while there is legislation in place to protect indigenous populations against biopiracy, these laws are easily and frequently circumvented. A negative impact Many patents either deny economic compensation to indigenous groups entirely or they prevent indigenous groups from using specific plant materials altogether. A report by Greenpeace about patents and bioprospectng explains that, “Patents take plant genetic resources out of the public domain and define them as private property.” The restricted use of these plants may prevent access to traditional healing methods and this threatens indigenous health systems. Many of these groups, including the Maasai, the Aboriginal peoples of Australia and the tribespeople of Orissa, India lack access to modern medicine and thus greatly rely on the traditional local healing methods. Patents award the sole use and sale of a product to the patent holder. In some cases, the patents also result in inflated prices and indigenous groups may be unable to afford them. The problem that patents pose to these fragile healthcare systems is one that is largely unaddressed by patent holders. Some of the more infamous examples of the harm caused by patenting to indigenous populations include restrictions on the use of the neem tree that the indigenous populations of India and Nepal are facing due to the patents of W R Grace and Co, and the use of the Duboisia plant by Aboriginal groups in Australia for its uses as a sedative and in motion sickness medication. | null | prevent indigenous groups from using specific plant materials altogether Patents award the sole use and sale of a product to the patent holder. In some cases, the patents also result in inflated prices and indigenous groups may be unable to afford them. The problem that patents pose to these fragile healthcare systems is one that is largely unaddressed by patent holders. Some of the more infamous examples of the harm caused by patenting to indigenous populations include restrictions on the use of the neem tree that the indigenous populations of India and Nepal are facing due to the patents of W R Grace and Co, and the use of the Duboisia plant by Aboriginal groups in Australia for its uses as a sedative and in motion sickness medication. | 229,826 | 1 | null |
1,920 | 1,219,024 | 30,113 | 1AC – Line 5 | 1AC | Advantage – Biodiversity | BUT, current action’s moving in the opposite direction – tunnels exacerbate black booms, fires, and floods that are impossible to clean up AND turn existential. | McKibben ’19 (Bill - an American environmentalist, author, and journalist who has written extensively on the impact of global warming; May 12th; “Bill McKibben: A Line 5 deal with Enbridge would ignore effects of climate change”; Detroit Free Press; https://www.freep.com/story/opinion/contributors/2019/05/12/enbridge-whitmer-line-5-mckibben/1164492001/; CD) | McKibben ’19 | 35,360 | 67 | 2,167 |
1,921 | 850,427 | 20,287 | 2NC/1NR | Security K | 2NC Warming Link | Focus on catastrophic warming overlooks the role of technologic organization in driving environmental devastation | Eileen CRIST 7, Associate Professor of Science and Technology in Society at Virginia Tech University, 2007 [“Beyond the Climate Crisis: A Critique of Climate Change Discourse,” Telos, Volume 141, Winter, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via Telos Press, p. 33-36] | CRIST 7, 2007 | 168,131 | 118 | 5,600 |
1,922 | 634,412 | 12,089 | 1nc | 2 | null | College prestige is determined by donors based on standardized test scores | Caskey 18: John P. Caskey. “The Awkward Economics of Private Liberal Arts Colleges”. Swarthmore College, Department of Economics. February 2018. https://www.ilr.cornell.edu/sites/default/files/CHERI%20WP181.pdf. FD-RW | Caskey 18: | 378,606 | 16 | 3,197 |
1,923 | 634,596 | 12,095 | 1nc | Case | Extinction | Best models no nuke winter | Reisner et al. 18 (Jon Reisner – Climate and atmospheric scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Gennaro D’Angelo – Climate scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Research scientist at the SETI institute, Associate specialist at the University of California, Santa Cruz, NASA Postdoctoral Fellow at the NASA Ames Research Center, UKAFF Fellow at the University of Exeter. Eunmo Koo - Scientist at Applied Terrestrial, Energy, and Atmospheric Modeling (ATEAM) Team, in Computational Earth Science Group (EES-16) in Earth and Environmental Sciences Division and Co-Lead of Parallel Computing Summer Research Internship (PCSRI) program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, former Staff research associate at UC Berkeley. Wesley Even - Computational scientist in the Computational Physics and Methods Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Matthew Hecht – Atmospheric scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Elizabeth Hunke - Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory responsible for development and incorporation of new parameterizations, model testing and validation, computational performance, documentation, and consultation with external model users on all aspects of sea ice modeling, including interfacing with global climate and earth system models. Darin Comeau – Climate scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Randy Bos - Project leader at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, former Weapons Effects program manager at Tech-Source. James Cooley – Computational scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory specializing in weapons physics, emergency response, and computational physics. <MKIM> “Climate impact of a regional nuclear weapons exchange:An improved assessment based on detailed source calculations”. 3/16/18. DOA: 7/13/19. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017JD027331) | Reisner et al. 18 | 10,501 | 505 | 2,495 |
1,924 | 850,821 | 20,299 | r5 neg v gtown kl | Withdrawal DA | 1nc | US military presence is necessary to prevent North Korean first strike | Shim 2015 Elizabeth, US defense secretary visits South Korea two days after North Korean missile launch, Apr 9, www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2015/04/09/US-defense-secretary-visits-South-Korea-two-days-after-North-Korean-missile-launch/9911428591867/ | Shim 2015 | 465,730 | 2 | 2,253 |
1,925 | 880,544 | 21,173 | 2NC | 1NC | CASE | Overview goes here GO CHAR GO Civil society is built upon this foundation, and the violence of the status quo will continue until the foundation is torn apart. | Baedan 14(Baedan is an anonymous queer anarchist journal. “Against the Gendered Nightmare: Fragments on Domestication” https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/baedan-against-the-gendered-nightmare#fn_back1 cVs) | Baedan 14 | 108,283 | 32 | 8,865 |
1,926 | 635,169 | 12,118 | 1n | Case | Offense | No nuke winter | Jon Reisner et al. 18. Reisner, atmospheric researcher at LANL Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Gennaro D'Angelo, UKAFF Fellow and member of the Astrophysics Group at the School of Physics of the University of Exeter, Research Scientist with the Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, currently works for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division; Eunmo Koo, scientist in the Computational Earth Science Group at LANL, recipient of the NNSA Defense Program Stockpile Stewardship Program award of excellence; Wesley Even, R&D Scientist at CCS-2, LANL, specialist in computational physics and astrophysics; Matthew Hecht is a member of the Computational Physics and Methods Group in the Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modelling program (COSIM) at LANL, who works on modeling high-latitude atmospheric effects in climate models as part of the HiLAT project; Elizabeth Hunke, Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, Deputy Group Leader of the T-3 Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group at LANL; Darin Comeau, Scientist at the CCS-2 COSIM program, specializes in high dimensional data analysis, statistical and predictive modeling, and uncertainty quantification, with particular applications to climate science; Randall Bos is a research scientist at LANL specializing in urban EMP simulations; James Cooley is a Group Leader within CCS-2. 03/16/2018. “Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapons Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based On Detailed Source Calculations.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 123, no. 5, pp. 2752–2772. | Reisner et al. 18 | 10,501 | 505 | 15,723 |
1,927 | 880,559 | 21,174 | 2NC | null | Case | Gender is the motor through which the Self dominates the Other. Civil society is built upon this foundation, and the violence of the status quo will continue until the foundation is torn apart. | Baedan 14(Baedan is an anonymous queer anarchist journal. “Against the Gendered Nightmare: Fragments on Domestication” https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/baedan-against-the-gendered-nightmare#fn_back1 cVs) | Baedan 14 | 108,283 | 32 | 8,865 |
1,928 | 390,233 | 5,042 | Highway Trust Fund Politics | ***Affirmative Answers*** | Bergdahl Thumper | Bergdhal prisoner swap crushed Obama’s pc | National Journal, June 12 2014 Bergdahl, Benghazi, and Now Iraq: Republicans Renew Attacks on Obama's Foreign Policy http://www.nationaljournal.com/defense/bergdahl-benghazi-and-now-iraq-republicans-renew-attacks-on-obama-s-foreign-policy-20140612 | National Journal, June 12 | 247,377 | 2 | 605 |
1,929 | 3,329,110 | 110,028 | Off | null | null | Voter: One fairness, competitive equity is axiomatic of any game. Drop the debater: 1. Dropping the debater is the ultimate punishment since the debater’s greatest incentive is to win. 2. Dropping the argument skews debaters’ strategies by forcing them to waste a large part of their speeches on practices that took their opponents less time to create. Use Competing Interpretations: 1. My impacts matter under any paradigm, they indict structural abuse, 2. Any brightline is arbitrary, only maximization avoids an illogical cutoff point, 3. Race to bottom debaters become more abusive and get away with defense on theory. No RVI’s. 1. RVI’s deter checking abuse since good theory debaters could bait theory 2. Just since they’re fair doesn’t mean they should win. 3. RVI’s destroy substantive discussion since the round devolves into theory. | null | null | 1,400,060 | 1 | null |
1,930 | 1,219,265 | 30,146 | null | 1AC | 1AC – Water Quality | Water crises in Flint and Newark tank the EPA’s credibility---it draws public attention | Mooney, J.D. Candidate, 21 (Rose Mooney, 1-28-2021, "We Still Have Lessons to Learn from Woburn, and Flint Is a Good Place to Start", Notre Dame Law Review, https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4954&context=ndlr, accessed 9-8-2021, smarx, ZRB) | Mooney, J.D. Candidate, 21 | 537,746 | 18 | 7,170 |
1,931 | 635,073 | 12,114 | 1ac | 1ac | Scenario 2 | Bioweapons cause extinction | Millet, PhD, and Snyder-Beattie, MS, 17 | Millet 17 | 2,127 | 1,722 | 7,871 |
1,932 | 1,219,338 | 30,149 | 1AC – Water Rights – St. Mark’s | null | Water Quality | Disease causes extinction. | Ord ‘20 [Toby; reporter for the Guardian; 3-6-2020; "Why we need worst-case thinking to prevent pandemics"; Guardian; https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/mar/06/worst-case-thinking-prevent-pandemics-coronavirus-existential-risk] | Ord ‘20 [Toby; reporter for the Guardian; 3-6-2020; "Why we need worst-case thinking to prevent pandemics"; Guardian; https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/mar/06/worst-case-thinking-prevent-pandemics-coronavirus-existential-risk] | 996 | 728 | 12,956 |
1,933 | 851,096 | 20,306 | Round 2 v Kansas FK | Regionalism | --XT Environment Resilient | Tipping points is junk science—won’t cause extinction | Brook 13
Barry Brook, Professor at the University of Adelaide, leading environmental scientist, holding the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, and is also Director of Climate Science at the University of Adelaide’s Environment Institute, author of 3 books and over 250 scholarly articles, Corey Bradshaw is an Associate Professor at the University of Adelaide and a joint appointee at the South Australian Research and Development Institute, Brave New Climate, March 4, 2013, "Worrying about global tipping points distracts from real planetary threats", http://bravenewclimate.com/2013/03/04/ecological-tipping-points/ | Brook 13 | 35,507 | 326 | 6,517 |
1,934 | 635,452 | 12,127 | 2AC | K | 2AC—Finneron | Extinction has an infinte metaphysical impact---sanctioning it creates a universal, non-voluntary social group | Finneron 17 – PhD, faculty University of Warwick, Politics & International Studies, Coventry, UK (Elizabeth Finneron-Burns, “What’s wrong with human extinction?,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 47.2) | Finneron 17 | 35,938 | 183 | 5,993 |
1,935 | 851,890 | 20,332 | null | null | 3 | The political is structured around reproductive futurism that becomes a fantasy for a futural orientation meant to protect the innocent Child | Edelman, 4 - Professor of English at Tufts University (Lee, 2004, “No Future Queer Theory and the Death Drive”)// | Edelman, 4 | 466,025 | 1 | 4,176 |
1,936 | 1,881,012 | 55,403 | NEG | 1nc | 1NC-Case | That allows Russia to fill-in—they’re gaining momentum now | Shuster 4/8/19 | Shuster 4/8 | 66,930 | 13 | 4,518 |
1,937 | 636,228 | 12,143 | 2AC | Case | 2AC—Finneron | Extinction has an infinte metaphysical impact---sanctioning it creates a universal, non-voluntary social group | Finneron 17 – PhD, faculty University of Warwick, Politics & International Studies, Coventry, UK (Elizabeth Finneron-Burns, “What’s wrong with human extinction?,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 47.2) | Finneron 17 | 35,938 | 183 | 5,993 |
1,938 | 852,114 | 20,348 | null | 1nc | case | China won’t de-MIRV | Tong Zhao 2015 – Tong Zhao, Associate in Carnegie's Nuclear Policy Program based at the Carnegie–Tsinghua Center for Global Policy, and David Logan, Student at Tsinghua University in the Chinese Language Program, “What If China Develops MIRVs?”, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 3-24, http://thebulletin.org/what-if-china-develops-mirvs8133 | Zhao 15 | 71,137 | 60 | 4,114 |
1,939 | 637,019 | 12,156 | 2AC | 2AC—AT: K | 2AC—FW—Interp | Anthro can be a workable environmental ethic. | Lilley, 10 | Lilley, 10 | 382,796 | 1 | 2,321 |
1,940 | 852,755 | 20,372 | null | 1ac | Adv 1 is Coop | Combining radical critique with concrete action to address climate change in the short-term is key to achieve societal transformation | Christian Parenti, Professor, Sustainable Development, School for International Training, Graduate Institute, “Climate Change: What Role for Reform?” MONTHLY REVIEW v. 65 n. 11, 4—14, http://monthlyreview.org/2014/04/01/climate-change-role-reform, accessed 4-24-14. | Parenti 14, http://monthlyreview.org/2014/04/01/climate-change-role-reform, accessed 4-24-14. | 183,105 | 62 | 1,091 |
1,941 | 637,068 | 12,163 | null | null | 1NC—K | The aff’s conspiratorial description of the state produces neoliberal state-phobia---that squashes movements for the Green New Deal---attack the government into compliance | Parenti & Emanuele 15
(Christian Parenti, former visiting fellow at CUNY's Center for Place, Culture and Politics, as well as a Soros Senior Justice Fellow, teaches in the Liberal Studies program at New York University, interview with Vincent Emanuele, writer, activist and radio journalist who lives and works in the Rust Belt, “Climate Change, Militarism, Neoliberalism and the State,” May 17, 2015, http://ouleft.sp-mesolite.tilted.net/?p=1980)] | Parenti & Emanuele 15 | 14,720 | 664 | 20,486 |
1,942 | 881,027 | 21,189 | null | null | Case 1NC | Their theoretical defense of their impacts fall apart when you conceptualize the ontological opposition that they create ---- reifies the status quo | WELCOME 2004 – completing his PhD at the sociology department of the City University of New York's Graduate Center (H. Alexander, "White Is Right": The Utilization of an Improper Ontological Perspective in Analyses of Black Experiences, Journal of African American Studies, Summer-Fall 2004, Vol. 8, No. 1 & 2, pp. 59-73) | WELCOME 2004 | 474,818 | 3 | 40,542 |
1,943 | 637,514 | 12,170 | 2AC | K | 2AC—Finneron | Extinction has an infinte metaphysical impact---allowing it creates a universal, non-voluntary social group | Finneron 17 – PhD, faculty University of Warwick, Politics & International Studies, Coventry, UK (Elizabeth Finneron-Burns, “What’s wrong with human extinction?,” Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 47.2) | Finneron 17 | 35,938 | 183 | 5,993 |
1,944 | 881,394 | 21,197 | null | null | 1AC – Piracy | Somali piracy wrecks international trade | Burlando et al, 2015 -- (Alfredo Burlando, Assistant Professor of Economics. University of Oregon. Anca D. Cristea, Assistant Professor Department of Economics University of Oregon, and Logan M. Lee, assistant professor of Economics at Grinnell College. “The Trade Consequences of Maritime Insecurity: Evidence from Somali Piracy.” Review of International Economics, 23(3), 525–557, 2015.) | Burlando et al, 2015 -- | 474,153 | 4 | 1,810 |
1,945 | 637,554 | 12,166 | 1AR | 2AC—AT: INF DA | 2nc---!---ME | NATO causes middle-east war. | TAC ’18 (The American Conservative, “Of Course NATO is Obsolete,” 28 February 2018, https://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/of-course-nato-is-obsolete/) | TAC ’18 | 383,018 | 5 | 2,246 |
1,946 | 881,823 | 21,209 | 2NC | Adv 2 | CP | Russia can’t initiate larger conflict – too weak | Bowen 6-7 (Andrew S. Bowen is a Ph.D Candidate in Political Science at Boston College. Andrew S. Bowen is an editorial assistant for The Interpreter, a Russian language translation and analysis journal, and a member of the strategic-consulting firm Wikistrat. "Russia's Deceptively Weak Military", The National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/feature/russias-deceptively-weak-military-13059, 6-7-15) | Bowen 6-7 | 468,238 | 10 | 7,650 |
1,947 | 853,002 | 20,389 | Aff round 6 gsu | 1AC | Advantage 2: The Alliance | Free trade flows solve war—strong statistical and empirical support | Griswold 11 Daniel Griswold is director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute and author of Mad about Trade: Why Main Street America Should Embrace Globalization. “Free Trade and the Global Middle Class,” Hayek Society Journal Vol. 9 http://www.cato.org/pubs/articles/Hayek-Society-Journal-Griswold.pdf Accessed 6/30/12 | Griswold 11 http://www.cato.org/pubs/articles/Hayek-Society-Journal-Griswold.pdf Accessed 6/30/12 | 160,945 | 134 | 7,315 |
1,948 | 944,237 | 22,941 | null | Off | 1NC – Court Politics | Climate change causes extinction | Beard 21 --- S.J.Beard et al, Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, “Assessing climate change’s contribution to global catastrophic risk”, Futures Volume 127, March 2021, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016328720301646?casa_token=by8gGKumaf0AAAAA:xT_EyVIl562OPSIjbbfew8mdQsUCUq7tOJ7mF9HGjwOsZ8M4mfRkXkVIU1r7xYpO1ghAEKK2 | Beard 21 et al, Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, “Assessing climate change’s contribution to global catastrophic risk”, Futures Volume 127, March 2021, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016328720301646?casa_token=by8gGKumaf0AAAAA:xT_EyVIl562OPSIjbbfew8mdQsUCUq7tOJ7mF9HGjwOsZ8M4mfRkXkVIU1r7xYpO1ghAEKK2 | 17,835 | 187 | 6,382 |
1,949 | 637,821 | 12,172 | 1NR | ESR | 2NC—Innovation—Heg | Innovation is key to all aspects of U.S. power---and it solves cyber attacks on infrastructure and bio-terror | Knipfer 17 – MA Candidate in Space Policy at George Washington University’s Space Policy Institute (Cody, “On the Nature of Science and Technology Power,” http://www.reallycoolblog.com/on-the-nature-of-science-and-technology-power/) | Knipfer 17 | 4,489 | 256 | 17,733 |
1,950 | 852,980 | 20,388 | 2NC | PTX | China Fears | Despite abuses- US strongly supports military presence in Bahrain | Amanda Ufheil-Somers, staff, “U.S. Continues to Stand by Bahrain,” FOREING POLICY IN FOCUS, 1—9—14, http://fpif.org/u-s-continues-stand-bahrain/, accessed 7-5-15. | Ufheil-Somers 14 , accessed 7-5-15. | 466,478 | 2 | 3,861 |
1,951 | 1,220,053 | 29,996 | 1AC | 1AC | Advantage – Biodiversity | BUT, current action’s moving in the opposite direction – tunnels exacerbate black booms, fires, and floods that are impossible to clean up AND turn existential. | McKibben ’19 (Bill - an American environmentalist, author, and journalist who has written extensively on the impact of global warming; May 12th; “Bill McKibben: A Line 5 deal with Enbridge would ignore effects of climate change”; Detroit Free Press; https://www.freep.com/story/opinion/contributors/2019/05/12/enbridge-whitmer-line-5-mckibben/1164492001/; CD) | McKibben ’19 | 35,360 | 67 | 2,167 |
1,952 | 883,780 | 21,276 | null | null | FW | Behavoral training DA- T version is the cured version of the aff. Topical versions of plans are part of the disciplinary practice of education that disabled people receive through processes through behavioral modification that force forms of psychological violence. It is not that they told us to do something different that is the link, the link is that when we say we can’t engage within the political process the negative tells us stop lying, just work harder, you are being lazy and then forcibly correct us. Our Gatto evidence calls this compulsion schooling at the end of a state This forces us to believe that we shouldn’t live and are incapable of having inherent value. The impact is self extermination in which we see ourselves as undignified and are worthy of death. That’s Siebers | null | null | 475,717 | 1 | null |
1,953 | 637,836 | 12,175 | 1nr | Politics | 2nc---impact o/v | bioweapons cause extinction | Sandberg 8 — Anders Sandberg 8, is a James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. Ćirković, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, “How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction | Sandberg 8 | 21,354 | 875 | 1,272 |
1,954 | 853,413 | 20,398 | Round 2 Kentucky | 1AC Kentucky | Advantage 2: Cooperation | Free trade flows solve war—strong statistical and empirical support | Griswold 11 Daniel Griswold is director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute and author of Mad about Trade: Why Main Street America Should Embrace Globalization. “Free Trade and the Global Middle Class,” Hayek Society Journal Vol. 9 http://www.cato.org/pubs/articles/Hayek-Society-Journal-Griswold.pdf Accessed 6/30/12 | Griswold 11 http://www.cato.org/pubs/articles/Hayek-Society-Journal-Griswold.pdf Accessed 6/30/12 | 160,945 | 134 | 7,315 |
1,955 | 638,063 | 12,176 | 1nr | DA | 2nc---impact o/v | bioweapons cause extinction | Sandberg 8 — Anders Sandberg 8, is a James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University; Jason G. Matheny, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Milan M. Ćirković, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade and assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro, 9/8/8, “How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists,http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction | Sandberg 8 | 21,354 | 875 | 1,272 |
1,956 | 853,229 | 20,394 | 1AC | 1AC GSU | Advantage 2: The Alliance | Free trade flows solve war—strong statistical and empirical support | Griswold 11 Daniel Griswold is director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute and author of Mad about Trade: Why Main Street America Should Embrace Globalization. “Free Trade and the Global Middle Class,” Hayek Society Journal Vol. 9 http://www.cato.org/pubs/articles/Hayek-Society-Journal-Griswold.pdf Accessed 6/30/12 | Griswold 11 http://www.cato.org/pubs/articles/Hayek-Society-Journal-Griswold.pdf Accessed 6/30/12 | 160,945 | 134 | 7,315 |
1,957 | 853,234 | 20,394 | 1AC | 1AC GSU | Advantage 3: The Rebalance | Ensures successful Pivot- solves multiple wars | Hiatt, 13 - Editorial page editor
[Fred, 2/10/13, The Washington Post, “Fred Hiatt: Tensions in Asia add urgency to Obama’s ‘pivot’”, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fred-hiatt-tensions-in-asia-add-urgency-to-obamas-pivot/2013/02/10/6bc8fb12-723a-11e2-ac36-3d8d9dcaa2e2_story.html, accessed 9/15/15] | Hiatt, 13 - | 171,005 | 116 | 4,838 |
1,958 | 853,418 | 20,398 | Round 2 Kentucky | 1AC Kentucky | Advantage 3: The Rebalance | Ensures successful Pivot- solves multiple wars | Hiatt, 13 - Editorial page editor
[Fred, 2/10/13, The Washington Post, “Fred Hiatt: Tensions in Asia add urgency to Obama’s ‘pivot’”, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fred-hiatt-tensions-in-asia-add-urgency-to-obamas-pivot/2013/02/10/6bc8fb12-723a-11e2-ac36-3d8d9dcaa2e2_story.html, accessed 9/15/15] | Hiatt, 13 - | 171,005 | 116 | 4,838 |
1,959 | 3,960,791 | 133,906 | 1NC | We PIC | 1NC Shell | Text: Harvard/UMass advocates for the entirety of the 1AC except for the word “we” | null | null | 1,620,076 | 1 | null |
1,960 | 884,114 | 21,295 | null | null | Off 2 | Economic thought is inherently based in masculinity. It justifies the domination and usage of ¶women and the Others as tools for economic maximization. | Nhanenge 07 [Jytte: Master of Arts at the development studies at the University of South Africa “Ecofeminism: Towards Integrating the concerns of ¶women,, poor people and nature into development” http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/570/dissertation.pdf?sequence=1]. | Nhanenge 07 [ poor people and nature into development” http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/570/dissertation.pdf?sequence=1]. | 133,012 | 16 | 1,434 |
1,961 | 884,543 | 21,311 | 1NC V WestGA MS | 4 | null | China’s economic tunnel vision and reactive diplomacy in africa is unsustainable and tarnishes their reputation | Sun 14 [YUN SUN, fellow at the East Asia Program of the Henry L. Stimson Center, “AFRICA in CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY” April 2014, brookings, <http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Papers/2014/04/africa%20china%20policy%20sun/Africa%20in%20China%20web_CMG7.pdf> wyo-sc] | Sun 14 > wyo-sc] | 476,129 | 2 | 1,255 |
1,962 | 1,182,914 | 28,946 | 1AC | 1AC---Mexico | 1AC---IBWC ADV | IBWC hydro-diplomacy is necessary---they control the largest sources of environmental harm. | San Diego 19, a resolution produced by the City of San Diego, “Joint Resolution of State and Local Stakeholders Recommending Project Alternatives and Federal Actions to Eliminate Detrimental Transboundary Flows of Wastes in the Tijuana River Valley,” 12/3/19, https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/20191203_draftjointresolutiontijuanarivervalley.pdf | San Diego 19 | 560,648 | 60 | 3,644 |
1,963 | 884,990 | 21,329 | CSGs 1AC—UCO R1 | Solvency | Second is India | And the new posture reassures allies | Torsvoll 15
[Eirik Torsvoll, research assistant at PluriCourts, an Oslo-based research center for the study of the legitimate roles of the judiciary in the global order, FLETCHER FORUM OF WORLD AFFAIRS, vol.39:1 winter 2015, “Deterring Conflict with China: A Comparison of the Air-Sea Battle Concept, Offshore Control, and Deterrence by Denial”, //wyo-tjc] | Torsvoll 15 | 468,655 | 7 | 1,210 |
1,964 | 722,863 | 16,362 | 1NC | null | 1NC – CP | Relocating assets solves the first advantage | 1AC Nakazawa 11/7
[Noriya Nakazawa, Lieutenant Commander of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, graduated from Japan’s National Defense Academy in 2003, currently a graduate student of the Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy program at the Fletcher School, Tufts University, and a staffer of the JMSDF Command and Staff College. "On Taiwan: An Option between Total War and Withdrawal for the U.S.", InPEC Magazine - International Politics, Energy & Culture, 7th November, 2015, http://inpecmagazine.com/2015/11/07/nakazawa/ // wyo-cjh] | 1AC Nakazawa 11/7 | 69,748 | 64 | 1,006 |
1,965 | 885,161 | 21,337 | CSGs 1AC Subs and Taiwan | null | Advantage one is Taiwan | Relocating assets beyond the first island chain creates a New Strategic Ambiguity—solves risk of nuclear escalation, deters China and reassures allies. | Nakazawa 11/7
[Noriya Nakazawa, Lieutenant Commander of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, graduated from Japan’s National Defense Academy in 2003, currently a graduate student of the Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy program at the Fletcher School, Tufts University, and a staffer of the JMSDF Command and Staff College. "On Taiwan: An Option between Total War and Withdrawal for the U.S.", InPEC Magazine - International Politics, Energy & Culture, 7th November, 2015, http://inpecmagazine.com/2015/11/07/nakazawa/ // wyo-cjh] | Nakazawa 11/7 | 69,748 | 64 | 8,652 |
1,966 | 854,191 | 20,414 | null | 2AC | Middle Power da | US presence tanks South Korean influence | Bandow 15 (Doug Bandow, JD from Stanford University and Senior Fellow at the Cato Institute, “Kick South Korea Off of America's Defense Dole: Seoul Should Be Too Proud to Be an International "Welfare Queen"”, The World Post, 7-29, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/doug-bandow/kick-south-korea-off-of-a_b_7899940.html) | Bandow 15 | 189,839 | 76 | 10,608 |
1,967 | 638,438 | 12,196 | Case | null | No Nuke Winter | No nuke winter | Jon Reisner et al. 18. Reisner, atmospheric researcher at LANL Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Gennaro D'Angelo, UKAFF Fellow and member of the Astrophysics Group at the School of Physics of the University of Exeter, Research Scientist with the Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, currently works for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Theoretical Division; Eunmo Koo, scientist in the Computational Earth Science Group at LANL, recipient of the NNSA Defense Program Stockpile Stewardship Program award of excellence; Wesley Even, R&D Scientist at CCS-2, LANL, specialist in computational physics and astrophysics; Matthew Hecht is a member of the Computational Physics and Methods Group in the Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modelling program (COSIM) at LANL, who works on modeling high-latitude atmospheric effects in climate models as part of the HiLAT project; Elizabeth Hunke, Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, Deputy Group Leader of the T-3 Fluid Dynamics and Solid Mechanics Group at LANL; Darin Comeau, Scientist at the CCS-2 COSIM program, specializes in high dimensional data analysis, statistical and predictive modeling, and uncertainty quantification, with particular applications to climate science; Randall Bos is a research scientist at LANL specializing in urban EMP simulations; James Cooley is a Group Leader within CCS-2. 03/16/2018. “Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapons Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based On Detailed Source Calculations.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 123, no. 5, pp. 2752–2772. | Reisner et al. 18 | 10,501 | 505 | 15,836 |
1,968 | 1,209,580 | 29,702 | 1NC | ON | 1nc — case | Micropolitics fail – if they’re right that power is a structural constraint they can’t articulate new modes of existence | Bayet 13, PhD, Catherine and Bruce Bastian Professor of Global and Transnational Studies at the Department of Sociology, University of Illinois, (Assef, Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East, Second Edition, Stanford University Press, pg. 41-46) | Bayet 13 | 12,736 | 296 | 10,716 |
1,969 | 854,805 | 20,429 | ISIS | GOvernence 1NC | Econ--1NC | No impact to econ | Daniel Drezner 14, IR prof at Tufts, The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164 | Drezner 14 | 987 | 1,331 | 1,554 |
1,970 | 885,822 | 21,362 | null | null | Framing | Biology - War is biologically ingrained into humans – offensive realism is inev | Thayer, 04 (Bradley, Ph.D., associate professor in the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies of Missouri State University, Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, international and national security affairs senior analyst at National Institute for Public Policy, “Darwin and International Relations”, pg. 11-12) *Disagree with Gendered Language* | Thayer, 04 (Bradley, Ph.D., associate professor in the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies of Missouri State University, Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, international and national security affairs senior analyst at National Institute for Public Policy, “Darwin and International Relations”, pg. 11-12) *Disagree with Gendered Language* | 265,182 | 13 | 3,217 |
1,971 | 638,529 | 12,201 | null | Offs | 1nc – DA CBW | Bioweapons causes extinction – access and modifications | Millet, PhD, and Snyder-Beattie, MS, 17 | Millet, PhD, and Snyder-Beattie, MS, 17 | 2,127 | 1,722 | 7,871 |
1,972 | 886,276 | 21,398 | 1NC | null | 1NC Cyber | No cyber impact | Healey 3/20 Jason, Director of the Cyber Statecraft Initiative at the Atlantic Council, "No, Cyberwarfare Isn't as Dangerous as Nuclear War", 2013, www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2013/03/20/cyber-attacks-not-yet-an-existential-threat-to-the-us | Healey 3/20 | 48,511 | 253 | 3,239 |
1,973 | 886,303 | 21,398 | 1NC | null | 1NC Internet | Hegemonic retrenchment’s key to avoid great power war---maintaining unipolarity’s self-defeating which internal link-turns their offense | Nuno P. Monteiro 12, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University, “Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity is Not Peaceful,” International Security, Winter 2012, Vol. 36, No. 3, p. 9-40 | Monteiro 12 | 37,091 | 67 | 4,920 |
1,974 | 855,046 | 20,435 | Harvard Rd 2 | 1AC | Advantage 2 is Rebalancing | Ensures successful Pivot- solves multiple wars | Hiatt, 13 - Editorial page editor
[Fred, 2/10/13, The Washington Post, “Fred Hiatt: Tensions in Asia add urgency to Obama’s ‘pivot’”, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fred-hiatt-tensions-in-asia-add-urgency-to-obamas-pivot/2013/02/10/6bc8fb12-723a-11e2-ac36-3d8d9dcaa2e2_story.html, accessed 9/15/15] | Hiatt, 13 - | 171,005 | 116 | 4,838 |
1,975 | 1,183,206 | 29,047 | null | null | 3 | SCOTUS will narrow Chevron in AHA v. Becerra but they will decline to overrule Chevron in its entirety | Nachmany 21 [Eli Nachmany is a third-year law student at Harvard Law School, where he serves as Editor-in-Chief of the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy. Prior to law school, Nachmany worked in the White House Office of American Innovation as a domestic policy aide and as the Speechwriter to the U.S. Secretary of the Interior. 8-9-2021 https://www.yalejreg.com/nc/scotus-faces-a-chevron-decision-tree-in-american-hospital-association-v-becerra-by-eli-nachmany/] | Nachmany 21 | 484,470 | 23 | 8,223 |
1,976 | 3,325,622 | 109,773 | null | null | The Advantage is the 🅱️PA | Whistleblowing is the key internal link to combating climate change. It combines government and private cooperation that checks environmental misconduct | Warren 15 (Christopher Warren; 1/21/15; Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review; “Blowing the Whistle on Environmental Law: How Congress Can Help the EPA Enlist Private Resources in the Fight to Save the Planet”; accessed 9/18/18; Chris specializes in the representation of emerging growth companies throughout their lifecycles. Chris represents a wide variety of technology companies from consumer internet, software, telecommunications, and entertainment technology industries, as well as a number of leading venture capital firms. While at Boston College Law School, Chris was a Senior Note Editor for the Environmental Affairs Law Review and President of the Business Law Society. Prior to attending law school Chris worked in New York City providing outsourced business development solutions for alternative investment firms. He has a J.D. from the Boston College Law School. He also has a B.A. in Government and Economics from Hamilton College.; pages 227-228) HB | Warren 15 | 208,537 | 4 | 1,600 |
1,977 | 886,398 | 21,400 | 1AC | null | 1AC Internet | Offensive realism describes the world | Mearsheimer, 10/25/2014 (John J., R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, Ph.D. in international relations from Cornell University, M.A. in international relations from the University of Southern California, former post-doctoral fellow at Harvard University’s Center for International Affairs, former Whitney H. Shepardson Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Can China Rise Peacefully?”, The National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/can-china-rise-peacefully-10204) | Mearsheimer, 10/25/2014 (John J., R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, Ph.D. in international relations from Cornell University, M.A. in international relations from the University of Southern California, former post-doctoral fellow at Harvard University’s Center for International Affairs, former Whitney H. Shepardson Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Can China Rise Peacefully?”, The National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/can-china-rise-peacefully-10204) | 168,664 | 123 | 6,210 |
1,978 | 1,183,155 | 29,016 | 1AC | 1AC---Mexico | 1AC---IBWC ADV | IBWC hydro-diplomacy is necessary---they control the largest sources of environmental harm. | San Diego 19, a resolution produced by the City of San Diego, “Joint Resolution of State and Local Stakeholders Recommending Project Alternatives and Federal Actions to Eliminate Detrimental Transboundary Flows of Wastes in the Tijuana River Valley,” 12/3/19, https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/20191203_draftjointresolutiontijuanarivervalley.pdf | San Diego 19 | 560,648 | 60 | 3,644 |
1,979 | 886,673 | 21,404 | 1NC | null | 1NC Migration Relations | Hegemonic retrenchment’s key to avoid great power war---maintaining unipolarity’s self-defeating which internal link-turns their offense | Nuno P. Monteiro 12, Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University, “Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity is Not Peaceful,” International Security, Winter 2012, Vol. 36, No. 3, p. 9-40 | Monteiro 12 | 37,091 | 67 | 4,920 |
1,980 | 886,715 | 21,405 | 1AC | null | 1AC Internet | The cloud computing industry is uniquely volatile now | Goodwin 1-11-16 (Bill Goodwin, Cites James Bamford, Investigative journalist and documentary maker James Bamford was among the first to uncover the secrets of the US National Security Agency and its global surveillance, Interview: James Bamford on surveillance, Snowden and technology companies)<http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Interview-James-Bamford-on-surveillance-Snowden-and-technology-companies>~BCai | Goodwin 1-11 | 476,903 | 7 | 1,236 |
1,981 | 371,289 | 4,856 | Case | Inherency | Exts – TTIP solves Eurozone | Application and approval process to slow- new rule | Bastasch, The Daily Caller News Reporter, 5-30-14
[Michael, The Daily Caller, “Obama Administration To Unilaterally Slow LNG Export Terminal Approval Process,” http://dailycaller.com/2014/05/30/energy-dept-to-slow-lng-export-terminal-approval-process/, accessed: June 27, 2014, KEC] | Bastasch, The Daily Caller News Reporter, 5-30-14 | 236,742 | 3 | 1,857 |
1,982 | 855,278 | 20,440 | 1AC Aff 1.0 Indiana | 2ac | T: 2AC | Reduce includes elimination | US Code, 09 (26 CFR 54.4980F-1, lexis) | US Code, 09 | 73,253 | 29 | 285 |
1,983 | 855,438 | 20,444 | null | 1AC VS Pitt KH | Advantage 3: The Rebalance | Ensures successful Pivot- solves multiple wars | Hiatt, 13 - Editorial page editor
[Fred, 2/10/13, The Washington Post, “Fred Hiatt: Tensions in Asia add urgency to Obama’s ‘pivot’”, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/fred-hiatt-tensions-in-asia-add-urgency-to-obamas-pivot/2013/02/10/6bc8fb12-723a-11e2-ac36-3d8d9dcaa2e2_story.html, accessed 9/15/15] | Hiatt, 13 - | 171,005 | 116 | 4,838 |
1,984 | 639,777 | 12,247 | null | Struct Vio Psuedo-K | K | Structural violence outweighs – kills more people | Gilligan 96 (James, Faculty – Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and its Causes, p. 191-196) | Gilligan 96 | 53,490 | 157 | 4,732 |
1,985 | 855,659 | 20,448 | null | 1AR | CP | North and South Korea block – only unilateral withdrawal and the perm solve best | Harrison 2 [Selig, scholar, journalist, and author who specializes in South Asia and East Asia. He is the Director of the Asia Program and a senior fellow at the Center for International Policy, and a senior scholar of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. He has written five books on Asian affairs and U.S. relations with Asia. His latest book, Korean Endgame: A Strategy for Reunification and U.S. Disengagement (Princeton University Press), won the 2002 award of the Association of American Publishers for the best Professional/Scholarly Book in Government and Political Science, Harrison is a former managing editor of The New Republic, has served as senior fellow in charge of Asian studies at the Brookings Institution, and as a senior fellow at the East-West Center. Harrison was a professorial lecturer in Asian studies at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, and an adjunct professor of Asian studies at the Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University. Harrison is frequently invited to testify as an expert witness before Congressional committees and has lectured at the National Defense University, the National War College and the State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, “The Korean Endgame, http://za2uf4ps7f.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.title=Korean+Endgame&rft.au=Selig+S.+Harrison&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780691116266&rft.externalDocID=9781400824915¶mdict=en-US] | Harrison 2 | 466,612 | 7 | 8,316 |
1,986 | 855,787 | 20,451 | null | 2AC | 2AC: t Core | That’s our Kenya presence | Carson, 5 – National Defense University senior vice president | Carson, 5 | 467,005 | 3 | 994 |
1,987 | 886,774 | 21,406 | 1NC | null | *1NC Database CP | Disease causes extinction | Yu 09 [Victoria, “Human Extinction: The Uncertainty of Our Fate,” Dartmouth Journal of Undergraduate Science, May 22, http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/spring-2009/human-extinction-the-uncertainty-of-our-fate] | Yu 09 | 95,194 | 130 | 2,099 |
1,988 | 887,327 | 21,416 | 1NC | null | 1NC Cyber | No cyber impact | Healey 3/20 Jason, Director of the Cyber Statecraft Initiative at the Atlantic Council, "No, Cyberwarfare Isn't as Dangerous as Nuclear War", 2013, www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2013/03/20/cyber-attacks-not-yet-an-existential-threat-to-the-us | Healey 3/20 | 48,511 | 253 | 3,239 |
1,989 | 1,220,590 | 30,079 | 2NC | K | AT CCS | Don’t let them go for efficiency as a net benefit to their model – centralized planning solves better and their model of efficiency endorses labor exploitation in foreign nations for the sake of western nations | Norton 13 ( Ben, Ben Norton is a journalist, writer, filmmaker, and musician. His journalistic work focuses primarily on US foreign policy, geopolitics, and media criticism. He is based in Latin America and speaks English and Spanish. ““Innovation” and “Efficiency” in Capitalism?”, https://bennorton.com/innovation-and-efficiency-in-capitalism/) | Norton 13 | 40,457 | 5 | 7,869 |
1,990 | 1,183,301 | 29,058 | Hi Wayne how’s your day going | null | 1ac - federalism | Deforestation decks biodiversity | Heimpel 21 – Journalist focusing on ecology. She has a BS in Biological Sciences from the University of Birmingham. (Ellen, Ecologi, “How does deforestation impact wildlife and biodiversity? What you need to know.”, 3-3-2021, https://ecologi.com/articles/blog/how-does-deforestation-impact-wildlife-and-biodiversity-what-you-need-to-know)//mj | Heimpel 21 – | 541,040 | 59 | 3,290 |
1,991 | 887,389 | 21,417 | 1NC | null | 1NC Heg Good K | Offensive realism describes the world | Mearsheimer, 10/25/2014 (John J., R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, Ph.D. in international relations from Cornell University, M.A. in international relations from the University of Southern California, former post-doctoral fellow at Harvard University’s Center for International Affairs, former Whitney H. Shepardson Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Can China Rise Peacefully?”, The National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/can-china-rise-peacefully-10204) | Mearsheimer, 10/25/2014 (John J., R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, Ph.D. in international relations from Cornell University, M.A. in international relations from the University of Southern California, former post-doctoral fellow at Harvard University’s Center for International Affairs, former Whitney H. Shepardson Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Can China Rise Peacefully?”, The National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/can-china-rise-peacefully-10204) | 168,664 | 123 | 6,210 |
1,992 | 425,286 | 5,433 | Environmental Federalism | 2NC | Disasters ! | Dynamic environmental federalism is key to disaster mitigation. | Griffin 7[Stephen M. Griffin, Rutledge C. Clement, Jr. Professor in Constitutional Law, Tulane Law School, Stop Federalism Before It Kills Again: Reflections on Hurricane Katrina, Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development, Volume 21, Issue 2 Volume 21, Spring 2007, Issue 2 Article 6] | Griffin 7 | 3,312 | 82 | 7,813 |
1,993 | 640,921 | 12,292 | null | Off | null | Even if it does, rigorous climate simulations prove that hydrophilic black carbon would cause to atmospheric precipitation – results in a rainout effect that quickly reverses nuclear winter. All your warrants for extinction are contingent on nuke winter | Reisner et al. 18 (Jon Reisner – Climate and atmospheric scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Gennaro D’Angelo – Climate scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Research scientist at the SETI institute, Associate specialist at the University of California, Santa Cruz, NASA Postdoctoral Fellow at the NASA Ames Research Center, UKAFF Fellow at the University of Exeter. Eunmo Koo - Scientist at Applied Terrestrial, Energy, and Atmospheric Modeling (ATEAM) Team, in Computational Earth Science Group (EES-16) in Earth and Environmental Sciences Division and Co-Lead of Parallel Computing Summer Research Internship (PCSRI) program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, former Staff research associate at UC Berkeley. Wesley Even - Computational scientist in the Computational Physics and Methods Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Matthew Hecht – Atmospheric scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Elizabeth Hunke - Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory responsible for development and incorporation of new parameterizations, model testing and validation, computational performance, documentation, and consultation with external model users on all aspects of sea ice modeling, including interfacing with global climate and earth system models. Darin Comeau – Climate scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Randy Bos - Project leader at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, former Weapons Effects program manager at Tech-Source. James Cooley – Computational scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory specializing in weapons physics, emergency response, and computational physics. <MKIM> “Climate impact of a regional nuclear weapons exchange:An improved assessment based on detailed source calculations”. 3/16/18. DOA: 7/13/19. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017JD027331) | Reisner et al. 18 | 10,501 | 505 | 15,841 |
1,994 | 435,473 | 5,571 | Environmental Federalism | 2NC | Disasters ! | Dynamic environmental federalism is key to disaster mitigation. | Griffin 7[Stephen M. Griffin, Rutledge C. Clement, Jr. Professor in Constitutional Law, Tulane Law School, Stop Federalism Before It Kills Again: Reflections on Hurricane Katrina, Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development, Volume 21, Issue 2 Volume 21, Spring 2007, Issue 2 Article 6] | Griffin 7 | 3,312 | 82 | 7,813 |
1,995 | 855,772 | 20,451 | null | 1AC | 2 | Kenyan good governance key to sustainable development | Hope, 12 -- United Nations Development Programme senior economic governance advisor | Hope, 12 | 452,875 | 6 | 9,718 |
1,996 | 1,209,722 | 29,730 | 1NR | Manufacturing Advantage | 1nc — energy advantage | Finishing.
For those not yet fully converted, however, perhaps it will be significant that corroborating evidence for the relationship is extremely hard to identify. If indeed hegemonic stability exists, it does so without leaving much of a trace. Neither Washington’s spending, nor its interventions, nor its overall grand strategy seem to matter much to the levels of armed conflict around the world (apart from those wars that Uncle Sam starts). The empirical record does not contain much support for the notion that unipolarity and the New Peace are related. At the same time, three common psychological phenomena suggest that hegemonic stability is particularly susceptible to misperception. U.S. leaders probably exaggerate the degree to which their power matters. Researchers will need to look elsewhere to explain why the world has entered the most peaceful period in its history. | null | corroborating evidence extremely hard armed conflict particularly susceptible exaggerate | 577,255 | 1 | null |
1,997 | 887,446 | 21,418 | 1NC | null | 1NC Cyber | No cyber impact | Healey 3/20 Jason, Director of the Cyber Statecraft Initiative at the Atlantic Council, "No, Cyberwarfare Isn't as Dangerous as Nuclear War", 2013, www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2013/03/20/cyber-attacks-not-yet-an-existential-threat-to-the-us | Healey 3/20 | 48,511 | 253 | 3,239 |
1,998 | 3,330,083 | 110,181 | null | Animism Aff | null | Nature has the structure to experience | Global Oneness Project- pedagogical organization designed to teach students identity, diversity identity, diversity, hope, resilience, imagination, adversity, empathy, love, and responsibility, and common humanity ("The Consciousness of Nature," https://www.globalonenessproject.org/lesson-plans/consciousness-nature) LHSCL | Global Oneness Project | 1,400,543 | 1 | 914 |
1,999 | 888,328 | 21,451 | 1NR | TTIP | 2NC – AT: Non-Trade Issues Derail | Non trade issues aren’t key---TTIP is on the finish line, but TPP key. | BBC 10/9, “EU reveals US trade talks agenda in key TTIP document,” http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-29551520 | BBC 10/9 | 477,619 | 2 | 2,423 |
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