rowNum
int64 0
10k
| id
int64 1
4.06M
| fileId
int64 1
139k
| pocket
stringlengths 1
12.9k
⌀ | hat
stringlengths 1
45.8k
⌀ | block
stringlengths 1
18k
⌀ | tag
stringlengths 1
87.1k
⌀ | fullcite
stringlengths 1
207k
⌀ | cite
stringlengths 1
88.2k
⌀ | bucketId
int64 1
1.65M
| duplicateCount
int64 1
3.97k
| textLength
float64 0
388k
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
900 | 1,152,855 | 28,319 | 2AC | Off-Case | 2AC – AT: States CP | Links more to the net benefit. Interstate compacts require Congressional approval. | Bonebrake, 13 [Justin, J.D. in Environmental and Natural Resources Law from the University of Colorado Law School, “Carpe Lacum: Asian Carp and the Great Lakes,” Colorado Natural Resources, Energy, and Environmental Law Review Vol. 24:2, https://www.colorado.edu/law/sites/default/files/Bonebrake_6713.pdf] | Bonebrake, 13 | 32,692 | 18 | 1,181 |
901 | 1,159,825 | 28,587 | 2AC | Off-case | Pik K | Tying decolonization to a settler W is a double-turn | Bazinet 16, MA in Globalization and Internationa Development @ U of Ottawa (Trycia, “White, Settler-Colonialism, International Development Education, and the Question of Futurity: A Content Analysis of the University of Ottawa Master’s Program Mandatory Syllabi in Globalization and International Development,” Proquest Theses)//BB | Bazinet 16 | 33,402 | 108 | 1,341 |
902 | 444,006 | 5,751 | Economic Reforms | WTO | Resource Wars Impacts | Resource wars cause nuclear war and extinction | Woolridge 9 (Frosty, Former Officer – US Army Medical Service Corps, “America Galloping Toward Its Greatest Crisis in the 21st Century”, The Examiner, 5-22, http://www.examiner.com/examiner/x-3515-Denver-Political-Issues-Examiner~y2009m5d22-America-galloping-toward-its-greatest-crisis-in-the-21st-century) | Woolridge 9 | 122,866 | 87 | 1,041 |
903 | 445,962 | 5,784 | Defense | null | No impact internal link | No internal link-Eurocentrism is merely a knowledge archetype | Solomon, a professor in the Institute of Arts and Humanities, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 13
(Jon, a professor in the Institute of Arts and Humanities, Shanghai Jiaotong University 2013, TransEuropeennes, “The Experience of Culture: Eurocentric Limits and Openings in Foucault,” http://www.transeuropeennes.eu/en/articles/voir_pdf/108, P.7-8, Accessed: 7/6/13, LPS.) | Solomon, a professor in the Institute of Arts and Humanities, Shanghai Jiaotong University 13 | 282,050 | 2 | 3,378 |
904 | 49,469 | 852 | Desert Islands / Deleuze Aff | at: framework | 2ac framework | Debate is inherently unfair but maintaining procedural unfairness is good | Branson, 2007 (Josh, edebate, http://www.ndtceda.com/pipermail/edebate/2007-May/071122.html, 5/31) | Branson, 2007 (Josh, edebate, http://www.ndtceda.com/pipermail/edebate/2007-May/071122.html, 5/31) | 7,156 | 83 | 1,564 |
905 | 3,980,540 | 134,487 | 1AC Permits | 1AC---Permits | 1AC---Environmental Law Adv | Advantage 2 is Environmental Law. | null | null | 1,626,398 | 1 | null |
906 | 446,718 | 5,790 | On-Case | Natural Gas Fracking Answers | Fracking Bad – Warming | Fracking upsets methane geysers – causes heavy warming | Figueroa, AlterNet editor 12
(Alyssa, 10/22/12 “5 Weird and Frightening Effects of Fracking You May Not Know About” http://www.alternet.org/fracking/5-weird-and-frightening-effects-fracking-you-may-not-know-about date accessed 6/30/13 IGM) | Figueroa, AlterNet editor 12 | 282,521 | 1 | 1,648 |
907 | 163,404 | 2,168 | 2NC | Innovation Advantage | Innovation Turn---1NC | Disease doesn’t cause extinction. | Dr. Toby Ord 20. Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126
Are we safe now from events like this? Or are we more vulnerable? Could a pandemic threaten humanity’s future?10 The Black Death was not the only biological disaster to scar human history. It was not even the only great bubonic plague. In 541 CE the Plague of Justinian struck the Byzantine Empire. Over three years it took the lives of roughly 3 percent of the world’s people.11 When Europeans reached the Americas in 1492, the two populations exposed each other to completely novel diseases. Over thousands of years each population had built up resistance to their own set of diseases, but were extremely susceptible to the others. The American peoples got by far the worse end of exchange, through diseases such as measles, influenza and especially smallpox. During the next hundred years a combination of invasion and disease took an immense toll—one whose scale may never be known, due to great uncertainty about the size of the pre-existing population. We can’t rule out the loss of more than 90 percent of the population of the Americas during that century, though the number could also be much lower.12 And it is very difficult to tease out how much of this should be attributed to war and occupation, rather than disease. As a rough upper bound, the Columbian exchange may have killed as many as 10 percent of the world’s people.13 Centuries later, the world had become so interconnected that a truly global pandemic was possible. Near the end of the First World War, a devastating strain of influenza (known as the 1918 flu or Spanish Flu) spread to six continents, and even remote Pacific islands. At least a third of the world’s population were infected and 3 to 6 percent were killed.14 This death toll outstripped that of the First World War, and possibly both World Wars combined. Yet even events like these fall short of being a threat to humanity’s longterm potential.15 [FOONOTE] In addition to this historical evidence, there are some deeper biological observations and theories suggesting that pathogens are unlikely to lead to the extinction | Ord 20. Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126 | 996 | 728 | 2,154 |
908 | 456,208 | 5,856 | Critiques | 2ac neolib k | notes | Rejection fails-leaves people politically immobile due to lack of vision. Perm solves best because it pragmatically incorporates neoliberal elements for social good AND our framework is superior because it promotes experimentation over theoretical rejection (also a reason to default to specificity) | Ferguson 10, Stanford anthropology chair and professor, 2010 | Ferguson 10, | 116,446 | 74 | 23,327 |
909 | 457,290 | 5,870 | Uniqueness | Mexico | China-Mexico Relations | Pena Nieto Resets China-Mexico Relations | Zhang 13 (Tao, staffwriter Caoxin, 4-26-13, Caoxin Online, “Building Bridges”, http://english.caixin.com/2013-04-26/100521052.html) | Zhang 13 | 233,725 | 6 | 1,052 |
910 | 457,434 | 5,870 | Uniqueness | Cuba | spillover | Influence in Cuba key to China’s overall Latin American agenda. | Hearn 9 — Adrian Hearn, Ph.D. Senior Research Fellow at the University of Sydney and Kiriyama Research Fellow at the University of San Francisco Center for the Pacific Rim ("China's relations with Mexico and Cuba: A Study of Contrasts," Pacific Rim Report, University of San Francisco Center for the Pacific Rim, No. 52, January 2009, Available Online: usf.usfca.edu/pac_rim/new/research/pacrimreport/pacrimreport52.html, Accessed: 07/15/2013) | Hearn 9 | 233,667 | 9 | 766 |
911 | 446,551 | 5,787 | Terminal Impacts | Nuclear War | Nuclear Winter | Nuclear winter is the only existential risk—destroys all of humanity | Sandberg, Oxford University James Martin research fellow, and Ćirković, University of Novi Sad assistant physics professor, 8
(Anders Sandberg, PhD from Stockholm University, and Milan M. Ćirković, Senior Research Associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, 9/9/8, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, “How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?” http://thebulletin.org/how-can-we-reduce-risk-human-extinction, Accessed 7/12/13, JC) | Sandberg, Oxford University James Martin research fellow, and Ćirković, University of Novi Sad assistant physics professor, 8 | 21,354 | 875 | 1,113 |
912 | 457,952 | 5,888 | AT: Neoliberalism Critique | Neolib Good | 2AC Poverty Turn | Capitalism solves global poverty | Perry 9 professor of economics and finance @ Univ of Michigan, M.A. and Ph.D @ George Mason University, MBA in finance from Curtis L. Carlson School of Management at the University of Minnesota, 11-18-2009 (Mark, “World Poverty Rate Plummets”, http://blog.american.com/?p=7291, RBatra) note – NBER = national bureau of economic research | Perry 9 | 288,095 | 9 | 2,839 |
913 | 37,226 | 725 | Cloud Seeding NEG – FJ Lab DDI | T Protection | 1NC | That’s best— | null | null | 26,209 | 1 | null |
914 | 446,524 | 5,789 | Natural Gas Answers | Bioterrorism | No Impact – Too Difficult | Too difficult to create biological weapons – there’s a reason that there has not been a successful attack yet – manufacturing and time required prove | Smithson, project director for biological weapons at that Henry L. Stimson Center, no date
[Amy, no date, Henry L. Stimson Center, “Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Project Information Sheet”, http://www.accem.org/pdf/terrorfaq.pdf, pg. 1, accessed 7-10-13, HG] | Smithson, project director for biological weapons at that Henry L. Stimson Center, no date | 282,401 | 4 | 1,690 |
915 | 447,024 | 5,790 | On-Case | Relations Answers | Alt Causes | Alt Causes to relations- corruption and lack of communication | Stewart, Stratfor Vice President of Analysis, 13
(Scott, 5-16-13, Forbes, “U.S.- Mexico Cooperation Against Cartels Remains Strong” http://www.forbes.com/sites/stratfor/2013/05/16/u-s-mexico-cooperation-against-cartels-remains-strong/ accessed 7-1-13 KR) | Stewart, Stratfor Vice President of Analysis, 13 | 282,701 | 3 | 2,972 |
916 | 458,118 | 5,892 | Case | Rice Advantage | 2NC – EXT – Alt causes to global rice market | b. Alterations in Chinese policy | Cui, 13 ("China Rice Imports Unsettle Market", Carolyn is a reporter for the Wall Street Journal, online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323706704578228052284001608.html) | Cui, 13 | 288,719 | 1 | 2,889 |
917 | 458,347 | 5,878 | **US-Cuban Relations Advantage | Nuclear Terror Section | US will retaliate and escalate | ( ) U.S. lashout will kill hundreds of millions | Easterbrook ‘1 | Easterbrook ‘1 | 93,987 | 9 | 1,264 |
918 | 447,712 | 5,797 | AFF | 2NC Stuff | No Link – Strategic Engagement | Feminists can strategically engage the State and enact reforms | Phillips 2009 , Professor of Anthropology at University of Windsor L, Cole S. Feminist Flows, Feminist Fault Lines: Women's Machineries and Women's Movements in Latin America. Signs: Journal Of Women In Culture & Society [serial online]. September 2009;35(1):185-211. Available from: SocINDEX with Full Text, Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 5, 2013. | Phillips 2009 Accessed July 5, 2013. | 82,792 | 4 | 1,430 |
919 | 459,142 | 5,899 | Case | Manufacturing Advantage | 1NC — Auto Industry Impact | Truck sales prove | Wayland 7/3 (Michael, automotive reporter for Michigan Live, July 3, 2013, “US auto industry resilient in 2013; Sales already top 7.8 million vehicles,” http://www.mlive.com/auto/index.ssf/2013/07/us_auto_industry_resilient_in.html, alp) | Wayland 7/3 | 289,215 | 1 | 1,766 |
920 | 164,270 | 2,177 | Horse-trading DA | Impact | Wall Bad – US-Mexico Relations | Water scarcity cause global state instability and ensures violent conflict | Engelke 15---Peter Engelke, Resident Senior Fellow with the Strategic Foresight Initiative at the Atlantic Council, Russell Sticklor, Non-Resident Research Fellow with the Stimson Environmental Security Program, 9-15-2015, "Water Wars: The Next Great Driver of Global Conflict?" National Interest, http://nationalinterest.org/feature/water-wars-the-next-great-driver-global-conflict-13842?page=2, Date Accessed: 1-1-2017 | Engelke 15 | 11,460 | 251 | 4,829 |
921 | 447,973 | 5,788 | Advantage Areas | Mexican Production/PEMEX Advantage | Production Decline Now – Tech | Mexican oil production declining—US foreign investment lends expertise and technology to halt economic decline | Villarreal, Congressional Research Service international trade and finance specialist, 13
(M. Angeles, March 19, Congressional Research Service, “U.S.-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications,” p. 14-15, HYPERLINK "http://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=734614" http://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=734614, Accessed 6/24/13, JC) | Villarreal, Congressional Research Service international trade and finance specialist, 13 | 283,305 | 1 | 3,541 |
922 | 656,549 | 13,075 | null | null | 1AC---Economy | Cost and certainty on the individual exchanges is key to solve job lock – studies | Bradley T. Heim 17, Professor in the School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University, PhD in Economics from Northwestern University, Lang Kate Yang, 4/272017, The impact of the Affordable Care Act on self-employment, Health Economics, accessed via Wiley Online Library | Heim 17 | 394,491 | 38 | 6,875 |
923 | 577,494 | 9,182 | null | null | null | The affirmative is a class-based critique through a radical interrogation of the fundamental structures of capitalism—pedagogical spaces are the crucial staging ground for keeping socialism on the horizon. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the best methodology to resist capitalism. | McLaren ‘04, Distinguished Fellow – Critical Studies @ Chapman U and UCLA urban schooling prof, and Scatamburlo-D’Annibale, associate professor of Communication – U Windsor, ‘4 | McLaren ‘04 | 46,572 | 731 | 5,898 |
924 | 164,630 | 2,181 | MIDTERMS 2 | DEMS GOOD | U – AT SCOTUS thumper | Even if it is salient, it has net-zero effect on the midterm---neither party can uniquely benefit from it | Kilgore 6-28-2018 (Ed, “How Will the SCOTUS Confirmation Fight Affect the Midterms?,” NY Mag, http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/06/will-kennedys-supreme-court-replacement-affect-midterms.html)//BB | Kilgore 6-28 | 105,260 | 5 | 3,550 |
925 | 1,863,086 | 54,741 | 1AC – here’s the tea | ADV 1 | Advantage 1 is Terror | nuclear terror causes extinction – radiation and lashout | Bunn and Roth 17 Nickolas Roth & Matthew Bunn 17. **Research associate at the Belfer Center’s Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard University and research fellow at the Center for International and Security Studies at the University of Maryland. **Professor of practice at the Harvard Kennedy School. “The effects of a single terrorist nuclear bomb.” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, http://thebulletin.org/effects-single-terrorist-nuclear-bomb11150 | Bunn and Roth 17 | 11,438 | 1,128 | 21,099 |
926 | 657,359 | 13,109 | 1NC | 2 | Disad | Bioweapons cause extinction too and great power wars exacerbate the impacts. | Millett PhD and Snyder-Beattie ‘17. [Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed] | Millett PhD and Snyder-Beattie ‘17 | 2,127 | 1,722 | 8,517 |
927 | 461,100 | 5,934 | BKS Week 1 Aff File | 1AC | Bilateral Cooperation Advantage | Closer bilateral cooperation is critical to combat organized crime- ability to close new bilateral agreements is paramount | Wilson ‘12
Eric L. Olson, Wilson Center Mexico Institute, “Considering New Strategies for Confronting Organized Crime in Mexico,” March 2012 http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/considering-new-strategies-for-confronting-organized-crime-mexico | Wilson ‘12 | 290,089 | 1 | 2,026 |
928 | 577,789 | 9,204 | 1NC | CAP | null | 2] The aff’s attachment to the wage system to improve workers’ conditions entrenches capitalism | Wolff 06 – a member of the editorial board of several academic journals including Rethinking Marxism
(Wolff, Rick. “Anti-Slavery and Anti-Capitalism.” Logos Journal 5(1): 2006. http://www.logosjournal.com/issue_5.1/wolff.htm) | Wolff 06 | 348,410 | 14 | 1,640 |
929 | 27,999 | 592 | 2AC | G7 | AT – Nuke Mod | 1. Perm do both | null | null | 19,483 | 1 | null |
930 | 657,185 | 13,100 | 1NC | 1 | OFF | So do bioweapons – mathematically outweighs, even if they win mitigation. | Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed | Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17 | 2,127 | 1,722 | 8,517 |
931 | 1,186,459 | 29,050 | null | 1NC | 5 | The CP cements procedural notice and comment—strikes a balance that ensures democratic legitimacy without wrecking flexibility | Jessica Mantel, Spring 2009 [Attorney, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “Procedural Safeguards For Agency Guidance: A Source Of Legitimacy For The Administrative State” Administrative Law Review https://www.jstor.org/stable/41553554 //DMcD] | Mantel 09 | 34,791 | 14 | 2,579 |
932 | 1,163,111 | 28,514 | 2NC | Precipitation ADV | 2NC---Precipitation | In studies, lack of sunlight alone accounts for a 5.3% reduction in crop growth – because the CP solves temperature by resolving warming, the aff ensures net negative agricultural growth | Meyer 18 (ROBINSON MEYER is a staff writer at The Atlantic, where he covers climate change and technology. “A Disappointing New Problem With Geo-Engineering.” AUGUST 8, 2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/08/solar-geo-engineering-cant-save-the-worlds-crops/567017/) | Meyer 18 | 50,309 | 3 | 3,385 |
933 | 2,619,921 | 83,292 | ***2AC*** | Russia CP | Global CF A/O | Setting a model against counterforce stops worldwide nuclear revisionism---locks in global stability | Christopher Clary 19, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Albany and author of famous econ impact D; and Vipin Narang, Associate Professor of Political Science at MIT and a member of MIT's Security Studies Program, Winter 2019, “India's Counterforce Temptations: Strategic Dilemmas, Doctrine, and Capabilities,” International Security, Vol. 43, No. 3, p. 7-52 | Clary 19 | 1,144,423 | 1 | 1,061 |
934 | 579,474 | 9,283 | null | 2 | Mining DA | Noble materials such as platinum are necessary for future survival, yet they are of limited abundance on earth, while are abundant on asteroids. | Sun et al. 20 (Sun, Daoyuan, Dong, Longjun., Shu, W., & Li, Xibing (School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China), 3-2-2020, “Exploration: safe and clean mining on Earth and asteroids. Journal of Cleaner Production,” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S095965262030946X Accessed 7-13-21) | null | 349,033 | 13 | 1,999 |
935 | 581,185 | 9,355 | JF21 – 1AC – Blake – NT | Advantage – IHL | Scenario Two is Human Rights – | Regulations can’t solve the fundamental problems with LAWs-- unable to value human life, dignity, and justify endless killing and violates the IHL—only a complete ban solves | HRW 18. [Bonnie Docherty, senior researcher in the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch, was the lead writer and editor of this report. She is also the associate director of armed conflict and civilian protection and a lecturer on law at the International Human Rights Clinic (IHRC) at Harvard Law School. Danielle Duffield, Annie Madding, and Paras Shah, students in IHRC, made major contributions to the research, analysis, and writing of the report. Steve Goose, director of the Arms Division, and Mary Wareham, advocacy director of the Arms Division, edited the report. Dinah PoKempner, general counsel, and Tom Porteous, deputy program director, also reviewed the report. Peter Asaro, associate professor at the School of Media Studies at the New School, provided additional feedback on the report. This report was prepared for publication by Marta Kosmyna, senior associate in the Arms Division, Fitzroy Hepkins, administrative manager, and Jose Martinez, senior coordinator. Russell Christian produced the cartoon for the report cover.] 6-21-2018. “Heed the Call A Moral and Legal Imperative to Ban Killer Robots” https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/08/21/heed-call/moral-and-legal-imperative-ban-killer-robots#:~:text=Even%20if%20fully%20autonomous%20weapons,incapable%20of%20respecting%20human%20dignity.&text=They%20would%20make%20life%2Dand,of%20humanity%20on%20all%20fronts.//vg | HRW 18. | 2,844 | 217 | 7,250 |
936 | 1,863,127 | 54,739 | 2AC | Courts CP | Last is Solvency | [1] - CP links to politics and doesn’t solve – lower courts will ignore the ruling and interpret the statute differently – only congressional revision sends a clear signal | Baum 18 [Lawrence, Professor Emeritus at OSU, “Two Roads Diverged: Statutory Interpretation by the Circuit Courts and Supreme Court in the Same Cases”, Fordham Law Review, https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5639&context=flr]//gk | Baum 18 | 836,112 | 9 | 7,359 |
937 | 2,618,666 | 83,249 | Block | China DA | AT: Status denial inev | Chinese officials think competition with the U.S. is inevitable but they’re optimistic now because their rising prestige allows them to manage it effectively ---the AFF devastates that perception | Minghao Zhao 19, Senior Fellow at the Institute of International Studies, Fudan University, Autumn 2019, “Is a New Cold War Inevitable? Chinese Perspectives on US–China Strategic Competition,” The Chinese Journal of International Politics, Volume 12, Issue 3, Autumn 2019, Pages 371–394 | Zhao 19 | 1,143,722 | 2 | 1,348 |
938 | 462,823 | 5,956 | Neg | Cuban Economy Advantage | Long Time to Drill | Long timeframe for drilling Cuban oil and only 5 billion barrels exist. | Laverty et al 12 Collin Laverty, University of California,¶ San Diego¶ Graduate School of¶ International Relations and¶ Pacific Studies, Jake Colvin,¶ Vice President for Global Trade Issues at the National Foreign Trade Council¶ (NFTC), and Sarah Stephens, Executive Director of the Center for Democracy¶ in the Americas, both of whom have published extensively on U.S. foreign¶ policy and U.S.-Cuba relations, Winter 2012 | the Journal of International Policy Solutions, Volume XIV Winter 2012 | Laverty et al 12 | 290,982 | 1 | 770 |
939 | 462,864 | 5,912 | Impacts – CIR Good | Legalization | 2NC Ag | Food insecurity causes conflict | Marc J. Cohen, Special Assistant to the Director General at the International Food Policy Research Institute, 2001 (February, “2020 Vision: The Prospects for Universal Food Security in the Next Two Decades,” www.ifpri.com) | Cohen 2001 | 287,401 | 4 | 631 |
940 | 445,575 | 5,774 | null | null | Lifting Embargo Key: US Economy | Lifting embargo allows economic gains—U.S. losing money in SQ | Griswold 05 --Daniel Griswold, Director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute (“Four Decades of Failure: The U.S. Embargo against Cuba”, 10/12/05, Cato Institute Speeches, http://www.cato.org/publications/speeches/four-decades-failure-us-embargo-against-cuba, Accessed 6/27/13 jtc) | Griswold 05 | 280,145 | 19 | 1,597 |
941 | 451,985 | 5,824 | **Advantages** | **Democracy** | Ext – Kills Democracy | The embargo has failed – removal of the embargo would undermine the regime | Griswold, director of CATO Institute’s Center for Trade Policy Studies, 05
(Daniel, 8/12/05, CATO Institute, “Four Decades of Failure: The U.S. Embargo Against Cuba,” http://www.cato.org/publications/speeches/four-decades-failure-us-embargo-against-cuba, 6/23/13. RJ) | Griswold 05 | 280,145 | 19 | 2,380 |
942 | 658,580 | 13,148 | 1AC Texas Hardline | Solvency | null | Single-payer is central to fighting corporatization of society---health care is key, and the plan exposes failures of market rationality in the ACA | Zeese and Flowers 13 - *JD, founder of the Drug Policy Alliance, organizer with Popular Resistance, **MD, Co-director Popular Resistance (Kevin and Margaret, “Obamacare: The Biggest Insurance Scam in History,” http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/19692-obamacare-the-biggest-insurance-scam-in-history) | Zeese and Flowers 13 | 395,171 | 23 | 29,294 |
943 | 452,619 | 5,824 | **Answers To** | **AT: Embargo Good** | Lifting Solves | Lifting the Cuban Embargo will be profitable: agriculture proves | Griswold, director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute. ’05
(Daniel, Cato institute, “Four Decades of Failure: The U.S. Embargo against Cuba” 10-12-05 < http://www.cato.org/publications/speeches/four-decades-failure-us-embargo-against-cuba>, EB) | Griswold, director of the Center for Trade Policy Studies at the Cato Institute. ’05 | 280,145 | 19 | 1,396 |
944 | 463,261 | 5,960 | ***Neg | 1NC Cuba CP-Generic | A2: U.S.- Cuban Relations Good | US Continues to View Cuba as a Threat, Isolating the Country for Almost Half a Century | Teo Ballve, 4/23/2012 (Staffwriter at the Progressive) | Ballve, 4/23/2012 ( ) | 280,145 | 19 | 935 |
945 | 581,312 | 9,364 | JF21 – 1AC – Blake | Advantage – IHL | Scenario Two is Human Rights – | Regulations can’t solve the fundamental problems with LAWs-- unable to value human life, dignity, and justify endless killing and violates the IHL—only a complete ban solves | HRW 18. [Bonnie Docherty, senior researcher in the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch, was the lead writer and editor of this report. She is also the associate director of armed conflict and civilian protection and a lecturer on law at the International Human Rights Clinic (IHRC) at Harvard Law School. Danielle Duffield, Annie Madding, and Paras Shah, students in IHRC, made major contributions to the research, analysis, and writing of the report. Steve Goose, director of the Arms Division, and Mary Wareham, advocacy director of the Arms Division, edited the report. Dinah PoKempner, general counsel, and Tom Porteous, deputy program director, also reviewed the report. Peter Asaro, associate professor at the School of Media Studies at the New School, provided additional feedback on the report. This report was prepared for publication by Marta Kosmyna, senior associate in the Arms Division, Fitzroy Hepkins, administrative manager, and Jose Martinez, senior coordinator. Russell Christian produced the cartoon for the report cover.] 6-21-2018. “Heed the Call A Moral and Legal Imperative to Ban Killer Robots” https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/08/21/heed-call/moral-and-legal-imperative-ban-killer-robots#:~:text=Even%20if%20fully%20autonomous%20weapons,incapable%20of%20respecting%20human%20dignity.&text=They%20would%20make%20life%2Dand,of%20humanity%20on%20all%20fronts.//vg | HRW 18. | 2,844 | 217 | 7,250 |
946 | 658,890 | 13,157 | 1NC | 2 | Disad | Bioweapons cause extinction too and great power wars exacerbate the impacts. | Millett PhD and Snyder-Beattie ‘17. [Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed] | Millett PhD and Snyder-Beattie ‘17 | 2,127 | 1,722 | 8,517 |
947 | 581,485 | 9,376 | null | null | Solvency | Regulations can’t solve the fundamental problems with LAWs-- unable to value human life, dignity, and justify endless killing and violations IHL—only a complete ban solves | HRW 18. [Bonnie Docherty, senior researcher in the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch, was the lead writer and editor of this report. She is also the associate director of armed conflict and civilian protection and a lecturer on law at the International Human Rights Clinic (IHRC) at Harvard Law School. Danielle Duffield, Annie Madding, and Paras Shah, students in IHRC, made major contributions to the research, analysis, and writing of the report. Steve Goose, director of the Arms Division, and Mary Wareham, advocacy director of the Arms Division, edited the report. Dinah PoKempner, general counsel, and Tom Porteous, deputy program director, also reviewed the report. Peter Asaro, associate professor at the School of Media Studies at the New School, provided additional feedback on the report. This report was prepared for publication by Marta Kosmyna, senior associate in the Arms Division, Fitzroy Hepkins, administrative manager, and Jose Martinez, senior coordinator. Russell Christian produced the cartoon for the report cover.] 6-21-2018. “Heed the Call A Moral and Legal Imperative to Ban Killer Robots” https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/08/21/heed-call/moral-and-legal-imperative-ban-killer-robots#:~:text=Even%20if%20fully%20autonomous%20weapons,incapable%20of%20respecting%20human%20dignity.&text=They%20would%20make%20life%2Dand,of%20humanity%20on%20all%20fronts.//vg | HRW 18. , administrative manager, and Jose Martinez, senior coordinator. Russell Christian produced the cartoon for the report cover.] 6-21-2018. “Heed the Call A Moral and Legal Imperative to Ban Killer Robots” https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/08/21/heed-call/moral-and-legal-imperative-ban-killer-robots#:~:text=Even%20if%20fully%20autonomous%20weapons,incapable%20of%20respecting%20human%20dignity.&text=They%20would%20make%20life%2Dand,of%20humanity%20on%20all%20fronts.//vg | 2,844 | 217 | 7,250 |
948 | 464,222 | 5,962 | Case Neg | Neg Framework | Answer to “Cede the Political” | Rejecting moral agent evaluations solves consequentialist issues | Mathew Coakley Fellow in Political Theory, Government Department PhD in Political Science “How, Exactly, Should Consequentialism Evaluate Agents?” Page 8 http://www.mathewcoakley.net/MC/Papers_files/HowShouldConsequentialsmAgents.pdf | Mathew Coakley Fellow in Political Theory, Government Department PhD in Political Science “How, Exactly, Should Consequentialism Evaluate Agents?” Page 8 http://www.mathewcoakley.net/MC/Papers_files/HowShouldConsequentialsmAgents.pdf | 291,670 | 2 | 1,526 |
949 | 464,357 | 5,966 | null | Aff | Turn- Reforms Will Add to Nieto’s Political Capital | The Pacto por Mexico will add to Nieto’s political capital | Bolton ’13 | null | 291,752 | 1 | 1,028 |
950 | 1,465,624 | 40,648 | null | 2 | A2 Aff Def | Their study doesn’t actually ever define music as medicine, just says they use to go together | null | null | 685,070 | 1 | null |
951 | 658,999 | 13,163 | 1NC | 2 | Disad | Even worse than nukes, bioweapons cause extinction. | Millett PhD and Snyder-Beattie ‘17. [Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed] | Millett PhD and Snyder-Beattie ‘17 | 2,127 | 1,722 | 8,517 |
952 | 581,602 | 9,385 | null | null | Solvency | Regulations can’t solve the fundamental problems with LAWs-- unable to value human life, dignity, and justify endless killing and violations IHL—only a complete ban solves | HRW 18. [Bonnie Docherty, senior researcher in the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch, was the lead writer and editor of this report. She is also the associate director of armed conflict and civilian protection and a lecturer on law at the International Human Rights Clinic (IHRC) at Harvard Law School. Danielle Duffield, Annie Madding, and Paras Shah, students in IHRC, made major contributions to the research, analysis, and writing of the report. Steve Goose, director of the Arms Division, and Mary Wareham, advocacy director of the Arms Division, edited the report. Dinah PoKempner, general counsel, and Tom Porteous, deputy program director, also reviewed the report. Peter Asaro, associate professor at the School of Media Studies at the New School, provided additional feedback on the report. This report was prepared for publication by Marta Kosmyna, senior associate in the Arms Division, Fitzroy Hepkins, administrative manager, and Jose Martinez, senior coordinator. Russell Christian produced the cartoon for the report cover.] 6-21-2018. “Heed the Call A Moral and Legal Imperative to Ban Killer Robots” https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/08/21/heed-call/moral-and-legal-imperative-ban-killer-robots#:~:text=Even%20if%20fully%20autonomous%20weapons,incapable%20of%20respecting%20human%20dignity.&text=They%20would%20make%20life%2Dand,of%20humanity%20on%20all%20fronts.//vg | HRW 18. , administrative manager, and Jose Martinez, senior coordinator. Russell Christian produced the cartoon for the report cover.] 6-21-2018. “Heed the Call A Moral and Legal Imperative to Ban Killer Robots” https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/08/21/heed-call/moral-and-legal-imperative-ban-killer-robots#:~:text=Even%20if%20fully%20autonomous%20weapons,incapable%20of%20respecting%20human%20dignity.&text=They%20would%20make%20life%2Dand,of%20humanity%20on%20all%20fronts.//vg | 2,844 | 217 | 7,250 |
953 | 581,627 | 9,388 | null | null | Solvency | Regulations can’t solve the fundamental problems with LAWs-- unable to value human life, dignity, and justify endless killing and violations IHL—only a complete ban solves | HRW 18. [Bonnie Docherty, senior researcher in the Arms Division of Human Rights Watch, was the lead writer and editor of this report. She is also the associate director of armed conflict and civilian protection and a lecturer on law at the International Human Rights Clinic (IHRC) at Harvard Law School. Danielle Duffield, Annie Madding, and Paras Shah, students in IHRC, made major contributions to the research, analysis, and writing of the report. Steve Goose, director of the Arms Division, and Mary Wareham, advocacy director of the Arms Division, edited the report. Dinah PoKempner, general counsel, and Tom Porteous, deputy program director, also reviewed the report. Peter Asaro, associate professor at the School of Media Studies at the New School, provided additional feedback on the report. This report was prepared for publication by Marta Kosmyna, senior associate in the Arms Division, Fitzroy Hepkins, administrative manager, and Jose Martinez, senior coordinator. Russell Christian produced the cartoon for the report cover.] 6-21-2018. “Heed the Call A Moral and Legal Imperative to Ban Killer Robots” https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/08/21/heed-call/moral-and-legal-imperative-ban-killer-robots#:~:text=Even%20if%20fully%20autonomous%20weapons,incapable%20of%20respecting%20human%20dignity.&text=They%20would%20make%20life%2Dand,of%20humanity%20on%20all%20fronts.//vg | HRW 18. , administrative manager, and Jose Martinez, senior coordinator. Russell Christian produced the cartoon for the report cover.] 6-21-2018. “Heed the Call A Moral and Legal Imperative to Ban Killer Robots” https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/08/21/heed-call/moral-and-legal-imperative-ban-killer-robots#:~:text=Even%20if%20fully%20autonomous%20weapons,incapable%20of%20respecting%20human%20dignity.&text=They%20would%20make%20life%2Dand,of%20humanity%20on%20all%20fronts.//vg | 2,844 | 217 | 7,250 |
954 | 1,129,440 | 27,792 | 1NC---Ohio Cactus---Round 1 | 1 | 1NC---DA | Plan causes tradeoffs which sap EPA resources. | Markell and Glicksman 14 David Markell, Professor Emeritus, Florida State Law School teaching Environmental Law published six books and more than 50 articles and book chapters on topics including climate change, compliance and enforcement, and North American environmental law and policys ervice with the NAFTA Environmental Commission, the United States Department of Justice's Environmental Enforcement Section, U.S. EPA Region 1, and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (as acting deputy commissioner of the Office of Environmental Remediation and as director of the Division of Environmental Enforcement, Robert L. Glicksman Law Faculty at George Washington University Law School, 12-1-14; A Holistic Look at Agency Enforcement; A Holistic Look at Agency Enforcement; University of North Carolina Law Review, Vol 93, No. 1; https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr/vol93/iss1/3/ - BS | Markell and Glicksman 14 | 23,445 | 143 | 2,148 |
955 | 254,549 | 3,179 | Political Geography K | Aff Answers | Epistemology Not First | Alt and epistemic claims get stuck – never get around to solving | Lake 11 (David A., Jerri-Ann and Gary E. Jacobs Professor of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California – San Diego, “Why ‘‘isms’’ Are Evil: Theory, Epistemology, and Academic Sects as Impediments to Understanding and Progress,” International Studies Quarterly (2011) 55, 465–480) | Lake 11 | 16,737 | 28 | 1,752 |
956 | 582,016 | 9,410 | null | 2 | null | Terrorists will inevitably acquire autonomous weapons – even a perfect ban won’t stop them, but it will leave states defenseless. | Burri and Robillard '17 [Susanne and Michael; 12/19/17; assistant professor in the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and Political Science; research fellow at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics; "Why banning autonomous killer robots wouldn’t solve anything," https://aeon.co/ideas/why-banning-autonomous-killer-robots-wouldnt-solve-anything]//GJ | Burri and Robillard '17 | 20,634 | 304 | 3,253 |
957 | 3,300,464 | 108,534 | Case | Disclosure | null | W/M – the docs we open sourced are from this tournament – the other docs are from previous tournaments – where I didn’t have to disclose first text | Also the burden is on you if you wanted me to open source – my contact info is on the wiki – you could have asked me | null | 1,388,217 | 1 | 192 |
958 | 659,162 | 13,169 | 1NC | 2 | Disad | Bioweapons cause extinction. | Millett PhD and Snyder-Beattie ‘17. [Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed] | ] | 2,127 | 1,722 | 8,517 |
959 | 1,129,623 | 27,777 | 1NC---DCI---Round 3 | Case | 1NC---Environment | Successful climate policy necessitates exporter revenue collapse | Manley et al. 17 David Manley - National Resource Governance Institute, James Cust - The World Bank, and Giorgia Cecchinato – London School of Economics, “Stranded Nations? The Climate Policy Implications for Fossil Fuel-Rich Developing Countries,” Oxford Centre for the Analysis of Resource Rich Economies (https://www.economics.ox.ac.uk/images/Documents/OxCarre_Policy_Papers/OxCarrePP201634.pdf) | Manley 17 | 31,624 | 78 | 19,877 |
960 | 437,196 | 5,601 | Venezuela Negative | Offcase | Politics Links | Congressional opposition to expanding engagement | DE CÓRDOBA and MUÑOZ, 13 (1/11/2013, JOSÉ DE CÓRDOBA and SARA MUÑOZ, “Venezuela, U.S. Start Talks to Mend Ties,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324581504578235911777903292.html, JMP) | DE CÓRDOBA and MUÑOZ, 13 | 305,614 | 14 | 338 |
961 | 279,105 | 3,518 | Orientalism K | Impacts | War | Orientalist logic justifies endless war | Said 3 (Edward Said, Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University, “Preface to Orientalism” Al-Ahram Weekly, August 25 2003 http://www.fsor.it/varia/Edward%20Said%20-%20Preface%20to%20Orientalism.htm) RR Jr | Said 3 | 395,815 | 15 | 3,181 |
962 | 467,055 | 5,992 | 1NC | Biod Adv | 1NC---DA | Other countries make bio-d loss inevitable | Ceballos et Al. 20 – Dr. Gerardo Ceballos is Senior Researcher at the Institute of Ecology of the UNAM, an institution where he has been employed since 1989. Born in 1958, he received his degree in biology at the Autonomous Metropolitan University. After graduate studies at the University of Wales, he received his doctorate at the University of Arizona (Tucson).
Gerardo Ceballos, Paul R. Ehrlich, and Peter H. Raven, June 1 2020, “Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction,” PNAS, https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1922686117#sec-3 | Ceballos et Al. 20 | 289,265 | 3 | 978 |
963 | 467,223 | 5,979 | Michael Hardt & Antonio Negri, ‘4, Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire., pp. 289-290 | AFF. | A2: CAPITALISM | Cuba will resist neoliberal globalization. Raul will maintain Marxism in philosophy while adapting to engagement. Economic harmonization won’t lead to homogenization | Heather E. Shreve, ’12, J.D. Candidate, 2012, Indiana University- Maurer School of Law, Harmonization, But Not Homogenization: The Case for Cuban Autonomy in Globalizing Economic Reforms Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 19:1, Winter 2012, pp. 365-390, JT//JEDI
Although the end result of the Cuban economic reforms remains unknown, Cuba serves as an illustration of the limitless flexibility of globalization to create linkages, interplay, and engagement between the global economy and the state—even an ideological state that would be thought to resist globalization. In short, Cuba’s economic reforms buck the assumption of many theorists that Cuba could not or would not globalize and show that, in globalization, the state reconfigures itself to be a global actor and to engage in various models of engagement. No state is immune from globalization; however, not all states must globalize in the same model. | Shreve, ’12, J.D. Candidate, 2012, Indiana University- Maurer School of Law, Harmonization, But Not Homogenization: The Case for Cuban Autonomy in Globalizing Economic Reforms Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 19:1, Winter 2012, pp. 365-390, JT//JEDI | 293,307 | 1 | 506 |
964 | 467,415 | 6,001 | Off Case Links | Economy Defense | Venezuela Relations DA Links | Plan causes total independence from Venezuela | CDA 11 (Center for Democracy in the Americas, “As Cuba plans to drill in the Gulf of Mexico, U.S. policy poses needless risks to our national interest”, 2011, http://democracyinamericas.org/pdfs/Cuba_Drilling_and_US_Policy.pdf) | null | 234,345 | 7 | 878 |
965 | 468,030 | 6,011 | Politics – Immigration Reform | null | 1NC Shell | Extinction | Steinbruner 97 John D. Steinbruner, Brookings senior fellow and chair in international security, vice chair of the committee on international security and arms control of the National Academy of Sciences, Winter 1997, Foreign Policy, “Biological weapons: a plague upon all houses,” n109 p85(12), infotrac | Steinbruner 97 | 250,630 | 84 | 1,662 |
966 | 467,909 | 6,007 | I-Law DA | ***LINKS*** | Links – trade policy | Economic sanctions violate international law – trade policy. | Buhm Suk Baek, March 2008, J.S.D., Cornell Law School, Conference Papers, “Economic Sanctions against Human Rights Violations,” http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/lps_clacp/11/ | Baek 2008 | 293,687 | 1 | 785 |
967 | 582,428 | 9,432 | null | null | 1 | Trump re-election triggers every catastrophic impact and makes damage irreversible | Starr 19 – professor of sociology and public affairs at Princeton, Pulitzer Prize winner | Starr 19 | 45,170 | 1,116 | 10,915 |
968 | 583,347 | 9,481 | null | Off | 1NC – Terror DA | Terrorists will inevitably acquire autonomous weapons – even a perfect ban won’t stop them, but it will leave states defenseless. | Burri and Robillard '17 [Susanne and Michael; 12/19/17; assistant professor in the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and Political Science; research fellow at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics; "Why banning autonomous killer robots wouldn’t solve anything," https://aeon.co/ideas/why-banning-autonomous-killer-robots-wouldnt-solve-anything]//GJ | Burri and Robillard '17 | 20,634 | 304 | 3,253 |
969 | 583,585 | 9,492 | null | Off | 1NC – DA | Terrorists will inevitably acquire autonomous weapons – even a perfect ban won’t stop them, but it will leave states defenseless. | Burri and Robillard '17 [Susanne and Michael; 12/19/17; assistant professor in the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and Political Science; research fellow at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics; "Why banning autonomous killer robots wouldn’t solve anything," https://aeon.co/ideas/why-banning-autonomous-killer-robots-wouldnt-solve-anything]//GJ | Burri and Robillard '17 | 20,634 | 304 | 3,253 |
970 | 3,300,803 | 108,398 | 1AC - Flex | AC | 2 | Egyptian repression and prison radicalization are fueling ISIS | HRF, 17 [Human Rights First, "How to Protect Civil Society and Promote Stability in Egypt," August 2017, www.humanrightsfirst.org/sites/default/files/Egypt-Report-July.pdf, accessed 12-7-18] | HRF, 17 | 82,715 | 77 | 3,542 |
971 | 44,714 | 798 | NEG | Generic | 2nc – 50 state fiat good | 7) Reject argument not team – at worst it means uniformity should be a question of solvency | null | null | 31,019 | 1 | null |
972 | 1,187,013 | 29,062 | 1ac – Fracking – v10 | null | 1ac – federalism | Deforestation decks biodiversity | Heimpel 21 – Journalist focusing on ecology. She has a BS in Biological Sciences from the University of Birmingham. (Ellen, Ecologi, “How does deforestation impact wildlife and biodiversity? What you need to know.”, 3-3-2021, https://ecologi.com/articles/blog/how-does-deforestation-impact-wildlife-and-biodiversity-what-you-need-to-know)//mj | Heimpel 21 – | 541,040 | 59 | 3,290 |
973 | 583,509 | 9,485 | 1NC | Case | 1NC – Arms Racing | Terrorists will inevitably acquire autonomous weapons – even a perfect ban won’t stop them, but it will leave states defenseless. | Burri and Robillard '17 [Susanne and Michael; 12/19/17; assistant professor in the Department of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics and Political Science; research fellow at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics; "Why banning autonomous killer robots wouldn’t solve anything," https://aeon.co/ideas/why-banning-autonomous-killer-robots-wouldnt-solve-anything]//GJ | Burri and Robillard '17 | 20,634 | 304 | 3,253 |
974 | 51,683 | 871 | DA---Court Politics---BFHPR | Impact---Other Scenarios | Impact---Legitimacy---2AC | Legitimacy undergirds international institutions and credibility – decline causes global war. | Knowles ‘9 (Robert H; Professor of Law at Valparaiso University, former Professor of Law at the New York University School of Law, J.D. from the Northwestern University School of Law; 1/28/09; “American Hegemony and the Foreign Affairs Constitution”; http://lsr.nellco.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1111&context=nyu_plltwp; New York University Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers, Paper 111) | Knowles ‘9 | 517,919 | 50 | 15,033 |
975 | 168,084 | 2,217 | NEG – detention – bfhpr – michigan 2018 | AT Due Process | 2NC – Heg ! | A credible court system is key to US soft power and hegemony – effective domestic governance is more important to hegemonic stability than military or economic power | ROBERT H. KNOWLES 2009 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF LAW at Valparaiso University, 1.28.2009, “American Hegemony and the Foreign Affairs Constitution”, NELLCO Legal Scholarship Repository, http://lsr.nellco.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1111&context=nyu_plltwp | KNOWLES 9 | 517,919 | 50 | 14,132 |
976 | 659,790 | 13,207 | null | 1AC | 2 | Sanctions create immense human costs and fail to curb military growth. | Albert ‘6-16 [Eleanor Albert (PhD student at George Washington University), 6-16-2019, "What to Know About Sanctions on North Korea," Council on Foreign Relations, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-know-about-sanctions-north-korea] | Albert ‘6-16 ] | 395,999 | 60 | 531 |
977 | 659,839 | 13,208 | null | 1NC | 1NC | CBW use causes extinction – states and terrorists prove | Piers Millett and Andrew Snyder-Beattie 17, PhD, Senior Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute, where he focuses on pandemic and deliberate disease and the implications of biotechnology, consults for the World Health Organization on research and development for public health emergencies, spent more than a decade working for the Biological Weapons Convention, the international treaty that bans these weapons; Director of Research at the Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, where he manages a number of research, outreach, and fundraising activities; “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, Health Security, Volume 15, Number 4, 2017 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, http://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC5576214&blobtype=pdf | Millett and Snyder-Beattie 17 | 2,127 | 1,722 | 7,730 |
978 | 660,459 | 13,246 | null | 3 | null | Extinction – mathematically outweighs, even if they win mitigation. | Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed | Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17 | 2,127 | 1,722 | 8,517 |
979 | 468,238 | 6,016 | null | **Aff Answers** | Framing Answers | And, Extinction destroys all human aspiration – Claims to outweigh it destroy value to life | Schell 82 (Jonathan, Visiting professor of liberal studies at Harvard University, “Fate of the Earth”) | Schell 82 | 1,578 | 22 | 1,381 |
980 | 583,862 | 9,503 | 1NC | Case | AT: Posturing | Russia’s new nukes don’t affect nuclear balance---nuke mod is limited to harmless political toys and it’s all a publicity stunt. | Cordesman 18 [Anthony H. Cordesman is the Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at CSIS. During his time at CSIS, Cordesman has been director of the Gulf Net Assessment Project and the Gulf in Transition Study, as well as principal investigator of the CSIS Homeland Defense Project. “Russia's New Nuclear Weapons: Whoever Dies with the Most Toys Wins?” March 8, 2018. https://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-new-nuclear-weapons-whoever-dies-most-toys-wins] | Cordesman 18 | 351,422 | 4 | 1,148 |
981 | 3,301,000 | 108,537 | EGYPT AFF | AC | Solvency | Withholding aid creates leverage- but it must be sustained. Conditions fail | Hamid, 12 -- Center for Middle East Policy senior fellow | Hamid, 12 | 388,095 | 105 | 6,090 |
982 | 1,187,057 | 29,084 | 1NC | Off-Case | 1NC---OFF | Violation---cost pricing, pollution charges, tradeable permits, and incentives are not topical. | Helmer ’97 [Richard and Invanildo; 1997; Publishing in collaboration with area experts and on behalf of the United Nations Environmental Program, the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council, and the World Health Organization; WHO, “Water Pollution Control - A Guide to the Use of Water Quality Management Principles,” https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/resourcesquality/watpolcontrol.pdf] | Helmer ’97 | 36,076 | 40 | 4,381 |
983 | 82,698 | 1,266 | GREEN CRIMONOLOGY AFF+NEG | AT TOPICALITY | CJR | Reform means reducing punishment disparity---we meet, corporate criminals are under-punished now | Salinas 9 – MPA @ Texas State U (Gevena, “A Preliminary Analysis: Prison Models and Prison Management Models and the Texas Prison System,” https://digital.library.txstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10877/3639/fulltext.pdf)//BB | Salinas 9 | 57,676 | 2 | 540 |
984 | 3,312,915 | 109,041 | null | A2 Threats Inflated | 1NC – Authoritarianism Advantage | Aff doesn’t solve- war economies make conflict inevitable | Prendergrast 15
(John, 8-10-15, the Founding Director of the Enough Project (EnoughProject.org) and the Co-Founder of The Sentry (TheSentry.org), a new investigative initiative to counter the financing of Africa's deadliest wars. He was formerly a Director of African Affairs at the National Security Council., How to Destroy a War Economy, http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/08/10/how-to-destroy-a-war-economy-sentry-smugglers-africa-conflict-enough-sentry-clooney/, JKS) | Prendergrast 15 | 658,867 | 10 | 1,763 |
985 | 3,301,175 | 108,618 | null | K | null | The alternative is to orient our politics around the way the forces of production operate on both a micro- and macropolitical scale -- this is the only way to effectively break free of the subconscious control imposed by the buy-sell mindset that plagues even the best of the false revolutionaries. | McLaren 4 | McLaren 4 | 46,572 | 731 | 8,406 |
986 | 584,482 | 9,529 | null | null | Advantage | No extinction | Shulman 13 -- Research Fellow at the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence (Carl, 12/9/2013, "Some notes on existential risk from nuclear war," http://lesswrong.com/lw/jb9/some_notes_on_existential_risk_from_nuclear_war/) | Shulman 13 | 352,351 | 9 | 6,557 |
987 | 490,519 | 6,337 | 1AC | Advantage 1—Hegemony | null | China is encroaching in our sphere of influence – They are using engagement to build a geopolitical relationship with Mexico. | Ellis 6/6/13 (R. Evans, Associate professor with the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies. “China's New Backyard: Does Washington realize how deeply Beijing has planted a flag in Latin America?” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/06/06/china_s_new_backyard_latin_america KD) | Ellis 6/6/13 | 234,052 | 14 | 2,689 |
988 | 3,307,088 | 108,851 | Disclsoureueueue | null | T | Interpretation: Right to know requires applicability to all candidates and information. | Marks and Solomon ’08 (Stephen Marks has been an opposition research specialist for more than 12 years, beginning with the historical Republican takeover of Congress in 1994 through the equally historic Democratic takeover of Congress in 2006. Deborah Solomon is an American art critic, journalist and biographer. “Oppo Man.” 1/13/2008. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/13/magazine/13wwln-Q4-t.html)-JJN | Marks and Solomon ’08 (Stephen Marks has been an opposition research specialist for more than 12 years, beginning with the historical Republican takeover of Congress in 1994 through the equally historic Democratic takeover of Congress in 2006. Deborah Solomon is an American art critic, journalist and biographer. “Oppo Man.” 1/13/2008. https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/13/magazine/13wwln-Q4-t.html)-JJN | 1,390,893 | 1 | 376 |
989 | 1,130,316 | 27,905 | 1AC – Icebreakers | 1AC – Framing | 1AC – Solvency | Presenting concrete solutions can improve critique without cooption---alternatives must scale up solvency to match impacts. | Visoka 19 [Gëzim; Associate Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies at Dublin City University; December 2019; “Critique and Alternativity in International Relations”; International Studies Review; Volume 21; Issue 4; 678-704; Recut-Lowell-TT] | Visoka 19 | 1,560 | 75 | 21,200 |
990 | 469,202 | 6,031 | null | 1ac | 1ac transition | The unconditional offer of normal trade relations boosts US-Cuban relations and fosters a stable transition | Koenig, 10 – US Army Colonel, paper submitted for a Masters in Strategic Studies at the US Army War College (Lance, “Time for a New Cuba Policy” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA518130) | Koenig, 10 ) | 280,119 | 12 | 7,971 |
991 | 660,820 | 13,270 | null | null | OFF: | 1. Predictable Limits – nukes exist in varied categories based off strategic purpose, range, storage location, and condition. Also, “nuclear arsenals” are distinct between countries, so their case-list multiplies with one that solely specifies “States.” | IMEMO ’13 [Institute of World Economy and International Relations (leading independent research institution based in Moscow, Russia) 2013, “RUSSIA: ARMS CONTROL, DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY,” INSTITUTE OF WORLD ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (IMEMO RAN), IMEMO SUPPLEMENT TO THE RUSSIAN EDITION OF THE SIPRI YEARBOOK Preface by Alexander Dynkin, Editors Alexei Arbatov and Alexandre Kaliadine, Moscow, https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/172934/13012_EN.pdf] KD | IMEMO ’13 | 395,947 | 28 | 2,281 |
992 | 490,936 | 6,345 | No Solvency | A2 Russia Add-on | Says No | Venezuela won’t allow U.S. investment – the U.S. will be locked out | Epperson & Domm 13 (Sharon & Patti, ‘With Hugo Chavez gone, US oil industry eyes Venezuela’, Christian Science Monitor, March 6, 2013, http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Latest-News-Wires/2013/0306/With-Hugo-Chavez-gone-US-oil-industry-eyes-Venezuela)//MJ | Epperson & Domm 13 | 276,100 | 8 | 1,904 |
993 | 660,851 | 13,271 | 1AC | 1AC | 1AC Advantage | Renewables are reaching cost-parity and are competitive, but US fracking is on the rise – a major second wave will be unleashed by 2023 | Trabish 18, Herman K. Trabish is a reporter with Utility Dive, a national online outlet that covers energy policy and technology. He has covered energy since 2006)“End of the 'Gas Rush?' Renewables, Storage Reaching Cost Parity, Report Finds.” Utility Dive, 11 June 2018, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/end-of-the-gas-rush-renewables-storage-reaching-cost-parity-report-fin/524840/.//KK | Trabish 18 | 396,373 | 9 | 8,413 |
994 | 3,307,091 | 108,851 | Disclsoureueueue | null | T | Right to know must defend ALL rights, not just a subset. | Bassiouni et al ’17 (Prof. M.C., President; Prof. C. Dunlop; Prof. F. Graziani; Prof. C.M. Radaelli; Dr. E.P. Reale; Prof. N. Ronzitti. “THE RIGHT TO KNOW Concept Definition and Background Document.” The Scientific Committee, May 2017. https://nrptt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/RighttoKnow_May2017.pdf)-JJN | Bassiouni et al ’17 (Prof. M.C., President; Prof. C. Dunlop; Prof. F. Graziani; Prof. C.M. Radaelli; Dr. E.P. Reale; Prof. N. Ronzitti. “THE RIGHT TO KNOW Concept Definition and Background Document.” The Scientific Committee, May 2017. https://nrptt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/RighttoKnow_May2017.pdf)-JJN | 1,389,695 | 8 | 835 |
995 | 491,269 | 6,348 | Collapse Advantage | null | Cuban Collapse Coming | Oil’s key to Cuba’s economy | Benjamin-Alvadaro 10 (Jonathan, Report for the Cuban Research Institute, Florida International University, PhD, Professor of Political Science at University of Nebraska at Omaha, Director of the Intelligence Community Centers of Academic Excellence Program at UNO, Treasurer of the American Political Science Association, “Cuba’s Energy Future: Strategic Approaches to Cooperation”) | Benjamin-Alvadaro 10 | 293,881 | 4 | 654 |
996 | 469,320 | 6,030 | Mexico Infrastructure Aff/Neg | Possible Plan Texts | NADBank key to Rail Modernization | NADBank key to trade facilitation through modernized rail | Balido 11 (Nelson, president of the Border Trade Alliance, “Encouraging Signs for Border Rail Industry, NADBank,” 07/01/2011, http://www.thebta.org/btanews/encouraging-signs-for-cross-border-rail-industry-nadbank.html, AC) | Balido 11 | 294,372 | 1 | 3,290 |
997 | 467,314 | 5,979 | Michael Hardt & Antonio Negri, ‘4, Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire., pp. 289-290 | AFF. | A2: IMPERIALISM K | The embargo is blatantly imperialistic. The plan reverses this hypocrisy | William Ratliff, ’9, Research Fellow at the Independent Institute and a member of the Board of Advisors of the Institute’s Center on Global Prosperity & a Research Fellow and Curator of the Americas Collection at the Hoover Institution, “Why and How to Lift the U.S. Embargo on Cuba,” http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=2496, ACC. 6-15-2013, JT//JEDI | Ratliff, ’9 , ACC. 6-15-2013, JT//JEDI | 281,412 | 5 | 1,768 |
998 | 661,013 | 13,278 | null | null | 1NC | CBW use causes extinction – states and terrorists prove | Piers Millett and Andrew Snyder-Beattie 17, PhD, Senior Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute, where he focuses on pandemic and deliberate disease and the implications of biotechnology, consults for the World Health Organization on research and development for public health emergencies, spent more than a decade working for the Biological Weapons Convention, the international treaty that bans these weapons; Director of Research at the Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, where he manages a number of research, outreach, and fundraising activities; “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, Health Security, Volume 15, Number 4, 2017 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, http://europepmc.org/backend/ptpmcrender.fcgi?accid=PMC5576214&blobtype=pdf | Millett and Snyder-Beattie 17 | 2,127 | 1,722 | 7,806 |
999 | 492,079 | 6,360 | Court Legitimacy DA | Congress Counterplan | Congress Counterplan Solvency Extensions | (--) Nothing prevents other branches from interpreting the Constitution | Richard H. Fallon, 2005 Jr., Professor of Constitutional Law, Harvard Law School, April 2005 | Fallon, 2005 2005 | 219,637 | 3 | 1,228 |
Subsets and Splits