Yusuf5/OpenCaselistTMP · Datasets at Hugging Face

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1,100	1,132,769	27,826	FloMo R1 – Open Source	2AC---FloMo R1	2AC---DA – Federalism	10 – Drone prolif means every hotspot goes nuclear	Zenko and Kreps, 14 -- Micah - Douglas Dillon fellow in the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations, PhD in political science from Brandeis University; Sarah - Stanton nuclear security fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, assistant professor in the department of government and an adjunct professor at Cornell Law School, BA from Harvard University, MSc from Oxford University, and PhD from Georgetown University; “Limiting Armed Drone Proliferation," Council on Foreign Relations, June 2014, http://aspheramedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Limiting_Armed_Drone_Proliferation_CSR69.pdf	Zenko and Kreps, 14	9,780	106	10,765
1,101	665,780	13,544	null	AC	Solvency	Nuclear disarmament is an essential step towards eliminating a colonialist and anti-black world. Weapon testing, uranium mining, and investments in modernization all have disparate impacts, and the threat of conflict is disproportionate as well. The plan is linked to a theory that connects global and local struggles for liberation.	Intondi 15 (Vincent J. Intondi, Associate Professor of History, Director of the Institute for Race, Justice & Community Engagement, and Coordinator for History and Political Science at Montgomery College. African Americans Against the Bomb: Nuclear Weapons, Colonialism, and the Black Freedom Movement. Stanford University Press. 1-5.)	Intondi 15	411,146	99	12,092
1,102	666,282	13,577	1nc	Case	null	Rigorous climate simulations prove that hydrophilic black carbon would cause to atmospheric precipitation – results in a rainout effect that quickly reverses nuclear winter.	Reisner et al. 18 (Jon Reisner – Climate and atmospheric scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Gennaro D’Angelo – Climate scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Research scientist at the SETI institute, Associate specialist at the University of California, Santa Cruz, NASA Postdoctoral Fellow at the NASA Ames Research Center, UKAFF Fellow at the University of Exeter. Eunmo Koo - Scientist at Applied Terrestrial, Energy, and Atmospheric Modeling (ATEAM) Team, in Computational Earth Science Group (EES-16) in Earth and Environmental Sciences Division and Co-Lead of Parallel Computing Summer Research Internship (PCSRI) program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, former Staff research associate at UC Berkeley. Wesley Even - Computational scientist in the Computational Physics and Methods Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Matthew Hecht – Atmospheric scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Elizabeth Hunke - Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory responsible for development and incorporation of new parameterizations, model testing and validation, computational performance, documentation, and consultation with external model users on all aspects of sea ice modeling, including interfacing with global climate and earth system models. Darin Comeau – Climate scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Randy Bos - Project leader at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, former Weapons Effects program manager at Tech-Source. James Cooley – Computational scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory specializing in weapons physics, emergency response, and computational physics. <MKIM> “Climate impact of a regional nuclear weapons exchange:An improved assessment based on detailed source calculations”. 3/16/18. DOA: 7/13/19. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017JD027331)	Reisner et al. 18	10,501	505	2,572
1,103	1,132,778	27,828	Newman Smith R1 – Open Source	1AC---Newman Smith R1	1AC --- International Advantage	Middle east war escalates, draws-in great powers and causes global wars. Their defense doesn’t assume recent trends or oil.	Klare 18 — Michael Klare, Five College professor emeritus of peace and world security studies, and director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (PAWSS), holds a B.A. and M.A. from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute. He has written widely on U.S. military policy, international peace and security affairs, the global arms trade, and global resource politics. (“Gearing Up for the Third Gulf War” Common Dreams, May 14, 2018. https://www.commondreams.org/views/2018/05/14/gearing-third-gulf-war)//JLPark	Klare 18	35,426	43	17,349
1,104	461,984	5,942	Aff	A2 Links	Embargo Answers	Lifting the embargo would be a victory for Cuban socialism	Suchlicki, Jaime. "The U.S. Embargo of Cuba." Scholarly Repository. N.p., 2000. Web. 3 July 2013. <http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=iccaspapers&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fstart%3D10%26q%3Dlifting%2Bthe%2Bcuban%2Bembargo%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%2C5#search=%22lifting%20cuban%20embargo%22>.	Suchlicki 2000. Web. 3 July 2013. <http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=iccaspapers&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fstart%3D10%26q%3Dlifting%2Bthe%2Bcuban%2Bembargo%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%2C5#search=%22lifting%20cuban%20embargo%22>.	297,844	3	1,972
1,105	353,734	4,509	Impacts	Hotspots	Turns Econ	Biodiversity loss is costly for the economy	Anon 11, “Biodiversity Loss spells Economic Crisis,” http://knowledge.allianz.com/?1486/conservation-biodiversity-loss-economic-crisis-ecosystem	null	297,881	1	1,173
1,106	771,542	18,004	2nc	T	2nc overview – Dialogue DA	Deliberation is critical to solve the aff – only way to produce sufficient portable skills	Mitchell, Pittsburgh communication professor, 2010	Mitchell, Pittsburgh communication professor, 2010	12,772	57	26,183
1,107	500,052	6,455	Cap K – Starter Pack	Aff Answers	Link – AT: Cuba	Their link is incorrect – Cuba can be subject to globalization without succumbing to neoliberalism. Even if industry investment increased, anti-neoliberal resistance would not be doomed.	Shreve, Executive Articles Editor at the Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 2012 [Heather, .D. Candidate, 2012, Indiana University Maurer School of Law, “Harmonization, But Not Homogenization:	Shreve 2012	278,951	6	2,613
1,108	1,866,175	54,874	Juvenile Juries 1AC	Adv. 1: Due Process	Inherency	Wrongful convictions not only allow criminal acts to continue, but they undermine the fairness which underscores our criminal justice system and our democracy	Furman 03 “Wrongful Convictions and the Accuracy of the Criminal Justice System”, University of Colorado Law School: Colorado Law Scholarly Commons, The Colorado Lawyer, H. Patrick Furman (University of Colorado Law School), https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1509&context=articles	Furman 03	836,655	3	215
1,109	1,866,212	54,877	Java Juice	1AC	null	Queer Theory knowledge production offers avenues to understanding heteronormativity in pedagogy while crafting it’s own. Arguments made to belittle and prioritize a model above queer theory is submissive to the binary and violent.	Britzman ’95 (Deborah P. Britzman, she is professor and a practicing psychoanalyst at York University, her research connects psychoanalysis with contemporary pedagogy,[1] teacher education, social inequality, problems of intolerance and historical crisis, June 1995, “Is there a Queer Pedagogy? Or, Stop Reading Straight,” pg 153-155)JS	Britzman ’95	836,900	2	5,022
1,110	555,501	8,250	null	null	1AC - Mining	Debris cascades cause global nuke war	Les Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 9-12 [language modified]	Johnson 13	4,780	395	8,232
1,111	500,278	6,456	Affirmative	AT: DAs	Try or Die Bad	Extremely low probabilities should count as zero—even if there’s some risk, policy decisions can’t be justified by vanishingly small probabilities	RESCHER 3 (Nicholas, Prof of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, Sensible Decisions: Issues of Rational Decision in Personal Choice and Public Policy, p. 49-50)	RESCHER 3	44,134	44	2,046
1,112	500,396	6,456	Negative	Case – Solvency Extensions	XT: 3 – Epistemology Fails	Their emphasis on the performative dimension of terrorism overlooks material structure and hinders policy	Tuathail, 96 (Gearoid, Department of Georgraphy at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 15(6-7), p. 664, science direct)	Tuathail, 96	30,049	246	3,255
1,113	167,326	2,202	Agamben—MM(MMMMMMMMM)R Lab	Links	1NC/2NC Link—Domestic Labor/Undocumented Workers	The undocumented immigrant and domestic worker exist within a third space outside of laws and regulations, exploited by the state for neoliberal aims without protection	Lee 10 Charles T. Lee is an associate professor of justice and social inquiry and an affiliate faculty in women and gender studies, “Bare life and third space,” Women's Studies Quarterly Vol. 38, No. 1/2, CITIZENSHIP (SPRING/SUMMER 2010), pp. 57-81, Accessed 6/28/18 KDS AK	Lee 10	111,693	6	5,947
1,114	475,662	6,114	Aff – Neoliberalism	Terrorism	2AC Terrorism	Nuclear terrorism causes extinction	Morgan 09 - Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin Campus - South Korea (Dennis, Futures, November, “World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race,” Science Direct)	Morgan 09 (Dennis, Futures, November, “World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race,” Science Direct)	88,812	112	3,732
1,115	666,866	13,610	1ac	Advocacy	null	Resolved: States ought to eliminate their nuclear arsenals.	Nebel 19 Jake Nebel, 8-12-2019, "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution," Briefly, https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0fRUmyVJMF-JjwDQ4Fufx8T3zQTUBKRufUtNDvU_0R5PS7fM2CkmS3i24 SJBE. LHPMC Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs.	Nebel 19	336,758	492	4,662
1,116	475,869	6,120	null	2NC	Link – Postcolonialism	Postcolonial research of Latin American culture is done through a capitalist scope- leads to exclusion of important viewpoints and cultures	Brass, Tom (Social and Poltical Sciences Faculty at the University of Cambridge, “On which side of the barricade? Subaltern Resistance in Latin America and Elsewhere”, The Journal of Peasant Studies) 9/8/10, http:/ldx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150412331311109	Brass, 10,	298,413	1	2,751
1,117	1,138,859	28,031	1AC – Columbia River Treaty	null	1AC – Canada	That’s reflected in Canada’s working recommendations.	Bode ’17 [Thomas G.; JD Georgetown; “A MODERN TREATY FOR THE COLUMBIA RIVER”; 47 Envtl. L. 81-125; https://law.lclark.edu/live/files/23904-47-1bodepdf; accessed 10/1/2021; Lowell-TT]	Bode ’17	553,752	32	2,269
1,118	667,241	13,622	R6	Framework:	Part 2: The Thought Experiment –	1. The Egoistic Problem – we can always ask why we ought to care about other people. Only an egalitarian and reciprocal ethic can reconcile the problem of a self-interested subject since any individual could reasonably be put in any position under the veil which means individuals must care about others as a precondition to caring about themselves. It’s also comes first, you assume your arguments will be evaluated fairly.	F.S. “The Fairness Principle: How the Veil of Ignorance Helps Test Fairness.” Farnam Street, 12 Nov. 2019, fs.blog/2017/10/veil-ignorance/.	F.S. 2017	398,491	15	1,390
1,119	501,570	6,461	null	Impacts	Impact – Inferiority	Colonial organization of inferiority/superiority is legitimized by conceptions of race, which then translated into phenotypical “color” classifications which produced new identities of domination and subjugation that still persist today	Quijano 2k (Anibal, Professor of sociology at Binghamton University, “Coloniality of Power, Eurocentrism, and Latin America,” http://www.unc.edu/~aescobar/wan/wanquijano.pdf, 2000)	Quijano 2k	234,404	12	2,960
1,120	1,854,577	54,449	1AC	1AC Warrants in the Cloud	1AC – Data Localization	AND they’ll get nukes	Hayes 18 (Peter Hayes – Director of the Nautilus Institute and Honorary Professor at the Centre for International Security Studies at the University of Sydney. <KEN> "Non State Terrorism and Inadvertent Nuclear War," January 18, 2018. DOA: 7/7/18. Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability. https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-special-reports/non-state-terrorism-and-inadvertent-nuclear-war/)	Hayes 18	1,783	845	8,917
1,121	1,854,647	54,452	1AC	1AC Warrants in the Cloud	1AC – Data Localization	AND they’ll get nukes	Hayes 18 (Peter Hayes – Director of the Nautilus Institute and Honorary Professor at the Centre for International Security Studies at the University of Sydney. <KEN> "Non State Terrorism and Inadvertent Nuclear War," January 18, 2018. DOA: 7/7/18. Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability. https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-special-reports/non-state-terrorism-and-inadvertent-nuclear-war/)	Hayes 18	1,783	845	8,917
1,122	666,962	13,613	Pragmatic Deliberation AC (5:35)	Framing (2:00)	null	Deliberation is procedural not substantive, which means that we are concerned with the decision-making procedure of deliberation not the evaluation of what impacts matter most Serra 2 BY WAY OF CONCLUSION: As LaFollette presents it, the key to understanding pragmatist ethics is that it is not an ethical theory per se, but rather it is an anthropology, a way of understanding the human being and his moral action. Therefore, pragmatist ethics in reality does not propose a new ethical theory, but rather “reconstructs” through a new prism the basic intuitions of the best ethical theories. The fundamental element on which the attention of pragmatist ethics centers is deliberation. Deliberation is not directly responsible for directing action, but only does so indirectly, by means of a critique of past actions, the effort to correct or reinforce certain habits and mental experiments that each actor performs in order to determine his own future conduct, and even to determine in a general manner the way in which one wishes to live one’s life (or, what amounts to the same thing, the type of person one wishes to be). The task of a pragmatist ethics, therefore, is not to provide final solutions, but rather to indicate that it is only via the testing and communication of experiences that the superiority of one moral idea over another can be demonstrated. In this sense, one of the principal missions of any given version of pragmatist ethics is to indicate some general manner in which habits can be acquired which, later, will facilitate personal deliberation – both internal and external – in the broad variety of circumstances which make up the moral life.	null	, , ,	399,362	1	null
1,123	668,157	13,686	Agriculture and Food Scarcity Add-on	Framework	null	Our human reactions to experiences of suffering are more compelling than abstract ethical theorizing. Glover ‘99	Glover, Jonathon [British philosopher known for his studies on ethics. He currently teaches ethics at King's College London. Glover is a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution in the United States]. Humanity. New Haven: Yale University Press: 1999, pg. 406 SD	null	357,667	15	2,155
1,124	1,133,422	27,902	null	Logging---1AC---UNLV	Modeling ADV---1AC	Indonesian fires are a key tipping point	Joshua Oppenheimer 16. Was awarded the Aung San Suu Kyi Award at the Human Rights Human Dignity International Film Festival, documentary director and journalist. 05-03-16. “Why today’s global warming has roots in Indonesia’s genocidal past.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/03/genocide-indonesia-human-rights-abuse-climate-change-palm-oil	Oppenheimer 16	526,627	13	3,989
1,125	1,133,452	27,814	Westminster Semis – Open Source	2AC---Westminster Semis	2AC---CP – States	[9] Federal dams are critical --- nearly 100% of solvency on the climate and bio-d scenarios come from Federal hydropower dams --- states can’t remove them.	Walls, 20 --- senior fellow at Resources for the Future and former associate professor in the Department of Economics at Victoria University in Wellington, New Zealand from 1996 through 2000 (October 2020, Margaret, “Aligning Dam Removal and Dam Safety: Comparing Policies and Institutions across States,” https://media.rff.org/documents/Aligning_Dam_Removal_and_Dam_Safety_wmTZmC8.pdf, JMP)	Walls, 20	33,175	22	613
1,126	1,139,297	28,013	Uniqueness	Thumpers---Economy	Uniqueness---AT: Rates---No Hikes	Structural, long-term trends push rates near-zero.	Roche ’11-10 [Cullen; November 10; Founder of Orcam Financial Group, LLC; Market Watch, “Opinion: You think the U.S. will get hyperinflation? There’s a better chance that interest rates will go to zero,” https://www.marketwatch.com/story/you-think-the-u-s-will-get-hyperinflation-theres-a-better-chance-that-interest-rates-will-go-to-zero-11636556375]	Roche ’11-10	556,556	1	2,097
1,127	667,850	13,664	Plan	null	null	Todd May. Between Genealogy and Epistemology: Psychology, Politics, and Knowledge in the Thought of Michel Foucault. Pennsylvania State University Press. 1993. Pg. 3-4 The political aspect of Foucault's work has to be grasped through the concept of the micropolitical. Although there will be much to say about this later, a preliminary consideration of the micropolitical, and thus of the political, will offer an orientation that is useful for avoiding the misinterpretations that often accompany Foucault's poetic but labyrinthine texts. Foucault himself, when asked once for a definition of the political, offered this: "Every relation of force implies at each moment a relation of power (which is in a sense its momentary expression) and every power relation makes a reference, as its effect but also as its condition of possibility, to a political field of which it forms a part" (Foucault l 980a, p. 1 89). Politics he defined as "a more-or-less global strategy for co-ordinating and directing those relations. " This definition points toward a conception of the political as an oriented field of power relations, relations wherein actions constrain and are constrained by other actions (Foucault, in Dreyfus and Rabinow 1 98 2, p. 220 ) , not in a haphazard fashion but rather in ways that possess their own logic and can be articulated . Power is a network of interlocking constraints upon action (which is not to be equated with restraints upon action), rather than a force that one unitary class or body applies to another. It exists at many dispersed points, with more or less localized centers that themselves may or may not overlap or coordinate with one another. Thus it is possible to change or overthrow one set of power relationships without creating fundamental changes in other areas. The former Soviet Union provides a good example of this. Although private property was abolished, other power relationships remained in place, with the result that domination in Soviet society changed hands but was not fundamentally altered. Such a picture of the political as a network rather than a hierarchy issues in a new picture of political understanding and political intervention. Instead of looking for the Archimedean point at which the fulcrum of power relationships can be altered, one must seek out the different types of power relationships that inhere in different areas. There is one type in psychiatry, another in medicine, yet another in sexuality: intersecting perhaps, but reducible neither to one another nor to a model that would explain them all. Power relationships are to be found on the micropolitical level, in the localities they invest rather than in a source from which they emerge. This is not to deny any efficacy attaching to larger centers of power, for instance the state. The state is far from a political irrelevance. To recast the political in terms of the micropolitical is instead to acknowledge that the larger centers have too often been the focus of attention, resulting in a warped account of power and a vitiated conception of political intervention. Further, it is to recognize that, in order to exist, the power of institutions such as the state depend, at least in part, on smaller, more capillary relations of power. The local operation of power does not preclude its concentration at certain points, but it does serve as a reminder that the concentration of power should not be mistaken for its source. To refuse to see power at its points of heaviest concentration would be a blindness to the manifest; to refuse to see it anywhere else, however, is to be a slave to its manifestness.	null	The political aspect has to be grasped through the micropolitical. Every relation of force implies a relation of power and every power relation makes a reference, as its effect but also as its condition of possibility, to a political field of which it forms a part" This points toward a conception of the political as an oriented field of power relations wherein actions constrain and are constrained by other actions in ways that possess their own logic Power is a network of interlocking constraints upon action rather than a force that one unitary body applies to another. It exists at many dispersed points Thus it is possible to change or overthrow one set of power relationships without creating fundamental changes in other areas. Such a picture issues in a new picture of political understanding and political intervention. Instead of looking for the Archimedean point at which the fulcrum of power relationships can be altered, one must seek out the different types of power relationships that inhere in different areas. intersecting perhaps, but reducible neither to one another nor to a model that would explain them all. Power relationships are to be found on the micropolitical level, in the localities they invest the larger centers have too often been the focus of attention, resulting in a warped account of power and a vitiated conception of political intervention. the power of institutions such as the state depend, at least in part, on smaller, more capillary relations of power. The local operation of power serve as a reminder that the concentration of power should not be mistaken for its source.	400,000	1	null
1,128	503,302	6,480	1AC – Version X	Case Blocks	AT – Neolib K	Continued embargo empowers Cuban repression against its own people, promoting inequality and disposability	CSG ’13 (Cuba Study Group, Restoring Executive Authority Over U.S. Policy Toward Cuba February 2013, http://www.cubastudygroup.org/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=45d8f827-174c-4d43-aa2f-ef7794831032)	CSG ’13	275,395	8	2,953
1,129	668,152	13,686	Agriculture and Food Scarcity Add-on	Underview	null	Development assistance programs empirically foster the growth of sustainable crops and adoption of environmentally friendly technologies that decrease environmental degradation and decrease poverty. (CGIAR= Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) Goldin et al. 02,	Goldin, Ian. Rogers, Halsey. Stern, Nicholas. [Professor Ian Goldin was the founding Director of the Oxford Martin School from September 2006 to September 2016. Halsey Rogers is Co-Director of the World Development Report 2018. Nicholas Herbert Stern is a British economist and academic]. et al. “The Role and Effectiveness of Development Assistance: Lessons from World Bank Experience.” World Bank, 1 Mar. 2002, reliefweb.int/report/world/role-and-effectiveness-development-assistance-lessons-world-bank-experience. OF	OF	400,204	1	1,206
1,130	183,233	2,362	Prosecutorial Discretion Counterplan	Aff	PD Bad — Implicit Bias	Prosecutorial discretion is biased- proves constant racial bias and decks solvency	Sklansky ’17 (David Alan Sklansky, His scholarship has addressed the law, sociology, and political science of policing; the proper exercise and constraint of prosecutorial power, Stanley Morrison professor of law at Stanford law school, “The Problems with Prosecutors,” Annual Review of Criminology 2018. 1:451–69- First published as a Review in Advance on September 25, 2017, accessed July 25th 2018, https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092440)ssk	Sklansky ’17	52,478	32	3,220
1,131	444,362	5,759	Link – Cuba Embargo – Unpopular	null	null	Lifting the embargo costs political capital	White, Center for International Policy Senior Fellow, 2013,	White, Center for International Policy Senior Fellow 13	201,876	30	714
1,132	478,225	6,164	Neg	1NC Shell (Generic)	null	Heg solves nuclear war – empirics prove	Lewis 09—Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2009,(James, “The blessings of Pax Americana,” http://www.americanthinker.com/2009/09/the_blessings_of_pax_americana.html)//BJ	Lewis 09	299,742	5	2,065
1,133	478,265	6,164	Neg	Impact Scenarios	Heg	Heg solves nuclear war – all empirics go neg	Lewis 09—Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2009,(James, “The blessings of Pax Americana,” http://www.americanthinker.com/2009/09/the_blessings_of_pax_americana.html)//BJ	Lewis 09	299,742	5	2,065
1,134	668,235	13,696	War is not an event, it’s a continuum threaded at every point by gender—the aff misdiagnoses the problem by adopting a disembodied lens of analysis. Attempts to solve violence and war impacts without addressing the root cause -- patriarchy -- will always fail.	null	Without deliberation by all and equal relationality, there is no moral form of disarmament. The alt is a prerequisite to ethical denuclearization.	Biowarfare leads to extinction	Piers Millett 17, PhD, is a Senior Research Fellow @ Oxford, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576214/	null	2,127	1,722	6,034
1,135	285,959	3,616	Trade Adv	Regional Integration Extensions	Regional Integration Impacts	Competing views of regionalism spark Asian conflict	Hammond 15 (Andrew, Associate at LSE IDEAS (the Centre for International Affairs, Diplomacy and Strategy) at the London School of Economics, 11/16, “US-China rivalry takes APEC center stage”, http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2015/11/197_191080.html)	Hammond 15	161,623	2	3,565
1,136	1,133,681	27,875	Newman Smith Finals – Block	1nc---Advantage	1nc---Cruel Optimism	The interest in the politics of hope will only result in an overwhelmingly negative force, the AC traps traumatic effects.	Berlant 2, Lauren Gail. Cruel Optimism. Duke University Press, 2011. KJ	Berlant 2	553,978	12	2,277
1,137	183,608	2,354	AT: CPs	AT: CP—RATIFY CRC	1ar – ratify crc cp – at: fiat self-execution	Fiat doesn’t solve – non-self-execution is so entrenched courts will assume Congress meant it anyway – no enforcement nor signal	Venetis 11 (Penny M. Venetis, Clinical Professor of Law, Clinical Scholar and Co-Director of the Rutgers Constitutional Litigation Clinic, “Making Human Rights Treaty Law Actionable in the United States: the Case for Universal Implementing Legislation,” Alabama Law Review, 63(1), 2011, 63 Alabama Law Review 97, p.106-111, http://www.law.ua.edu/pubs/lrarticles/Volume%2063/Issue%201/3-Venetis.pdf DOA 7-17-2018)KMM	Venetis 11	121,860	1	7,843
1,138	163,487	2,161	**Topicality Things	Legal Immigration	2AC – Includes Refugees and Asylees	Legal Immigration consists of both admittees and adjustees – that includes refugees and asylees	Perry et. al 1 – Marc Perry, Acting Chief of the Public Information Office at the Census Bureau, joined the Census Bureau in 1997 as a demographer in the Population Division; Barbara Vandervate, Retired Census Bureau staff (37 years); Lea Auman, Population Division at the US Census Bureau; and Kathy Morris, Population Division at the US Census Bureau, 2001("Evaluating Components of International Migration: Legal Migrants", US Census Bureau, December 2001, Available Online from https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/2001/demo/POP-twps0059.html)//BM Major components of legal immigration	Perry et. al 1	109,111	25	4,193
1,139	1,139,668	28,078	OFF	OFF	null	Increasing protections of the environment is a new form of environment biopolitics which determines the productive capacity of objects and people in terms of neoliberal capital	De Lucia 17—Vito De Lucia, Professor, Norwegian Centre for the Law of the Sea, Faculty of Law, University of Tromsø, "Critical Environmental Law and the Double Register of the Anthropocene: A Biopolitical Reading”, Environmental Law and Governance for the Anthropocene. Ed. Louis J Kotzé. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 97–116, https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/3450198/6.2.-vito-de-lucia-reading.pdf, 2017//Lee	De Lucia 17	553,945	6	7,014
1,140	668,404	13,713	null	null	Functional Morality AC	Every plea bargain is Inherently a distortion of justice. Because it is Always a compromise, a plea bargain must Always be either too lenient, if it gives too short of a sentence to a guilty defendant, or too harsh, as it punishes an innocent defendant. Plea bargaining undermines the effective Functioning of the criminal justice system – it distorts the presumption of innocence, it relies on incomplete information, and it ignores conflicts of interest.	Alschuler, 2002 - Professor of Law at Northwestern University [Albert W. Guilty Plea: Plea Bargaining Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice http://www.encyclopedia.com/law/legal-and-political-magazines/guilty-plea-plea-bargaining]	Alschuler, 2002 - Professor of Law at Northwestern University	400,346	1	1,987
1,141	478,875	6,170	AFF Answers	Biotech Impacts	AT: Food Shortage Impacts	No protectionism – the U.S. will never abandon free trade--institutions and self-interest check	Ikenson, 09 – director of Cato's Center for Trade Policy Studies (Daniel, Center for Trade Policy Studies, Free Trade Bulletin 37, “A protectionism fling”, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=10651)	Ikenson, 09	162,316	31	3,572
1,142	668,647	13,730	1nc	Bioweapons DA	null	Bioweapons kill more people through the spreading of disease, meaning that bio war is worse than nuclear war.	Piers Millett 17, PhD, is a Senior Research Fellow @ Oxford, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576214/	Millett 17	2,127	1,722	6,034
1,143	1,854,702	54,455	Yale Round 3 1NC	Cap K	1NC – Link	The identification of particular manifestations of racism mystifies the ideology of neoliberal capitalism continuing global systemic violence and ontological violence	Zalloua 20	Zalloua 20	833,226	5	15,162
1,144	1,854,735	54,455	Yale Round 3 1NC	Elections DA	1NC (generic)	Trump has the edge over Biden on CJR – a second reform is key	SAEN 9/6	SAEN 9/6	832,950	4	4,853
1,145	505,350	6,515	Kentucky Round 3 Wiki	2AC	Case	Nation-states don’t make conflict inevitable—empirics on our side	George Ritzer & Zeynep Atalay, 2010, Distinguished University Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park & University of Maryland, College Park, PhD Candidate in Sociology, Readings in Globalization: Key Concepts and Major Debates, 261	Ritzer & Atalay, 2010	118,372	6	2,088
1,146	670,371	13,815	1nc	Offs	DA	extinction – mathematically outweighs, even if they win mitigation.	Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed	Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17	2,127	1,722	8,517
1,147	505,524	6,518	Northwestern Round 2 Wiki	1NR	Case	Needs a 45% global reduction	McGuire 22 – Bill McGuire is Professor Emeritus of Geophysical and Climate Hazards at University College London, a co-director of the New Weather Institute and was a contributor to the 2012 IPCC report on climate change and extreme events. Bill McGuire, July 28 2022, Hothouse Earth: An Inhabitant’s Guide.	McGuire 22	313,530	2	1,254
1,148	479,643	6,181	Proxy War	Hezbollah Module	2NC IL – Terror	Hezbollah active now and most likely scenario for terrorism	US Fed News Service, 13 (US Fed News Service, Fast accurate verbatim transcripts for political events in Washington Including US State News, 6-1-13, “BACKGROUND BRIEFING BY SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS ON IRAN, THE IRGC, AND HEZBOLLAH'S INCREASED TERRORIST ACTIVITY WORLDWIDE”, ProQuest//ACK)	US Fed News Service, 13 (US Fed News Service, Fast accurate verbatim transcripts for political events in Washington Including US State News, 6-1-13, “BACKGROUND BRIEFING BY SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS ON IRAN, THE IRGC, AND HEZBOLLAH'S INCREASED TERRORIST ACTIVITY WORLDWIDE”, ProQuest//ACK)	300,349	2	4,734
1,149	670,431	13,819	1ac	Advantage	method	The ROB is to evaluate the consequences of the 1AC - anything else is irresponsible and escapes valuable discussions.	Bracey 6 Christopher A. Bracey, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318	Bracey 6 Christopher A. Bracey, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318	41,912	638	1,683
1,150	1,134,079	27,885	1AR	Adv 2	AT – nano	Fuel --- can’t self replicate, but if they can it doesn’t cause extinction	Shere 16 (Jeremy Shere, “Grey Goo Attack”, 4/2/2016, http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/grey-goo-attack-2/)	Shere 16 (Jeremy Shere, “Grey Goo Attack”, 4/2/2016, http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/grey-goo-attack-2/)	48,398	42	1,664
1,151	506,367	6,540	1NC	K	null	The alternative is a practice and economy of refusal which refuses the 1AC as an instantiation of the coloniality of Being, as a cultivation of colonial subjectivity both in form and content. This is the only way towards a decolonial otherwise of the academy—we control the internal link to every framework argument.	Zembylas 21 (Michalinos, Professor of Educational Theory and Curriculum Studies, “Refusal as Affective and Pedagogical Practice in Higher Education Decolonization: A Modest Proposal,” Teaching in Higher Education 26, no. 7-8, p. 955-959) NIJ	Zembylas 21 ) NIJ	286,350	16	17,293
1,152	670,410	13,818	1nc	Offs	Util	1] anything else is irresponsible and escapes valuable discussions.	Bracey 6 Christopher A. Bracey, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318	Bracey 6	41,912	638	1,683
1,153	1,188,345	29,068	null	Wildfires Advantage	1NC Fire	Impacts exaggerated—studies prove fires not increasing in probability or magnitude	Doerr and Santin 16 (Stefan and Cristina, Geography Department, Swansea University. 2016 Global trends in wildfire and its impacts: perceptions versus realities in a changing world. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371: 20150345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0345. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2015.0345)tjf	Doerr and Santin 16	571,487	3	3,682
1,154	506,700	6,552	Northwestern r3 – Aff vs Georgetown CH	2AC	AI Spillover DA	No Personhood Link — Inventorship doesn’t require establishing it.	Russ Pearlman 18, Russ Pearlman is Executive Vice President at Headstorm LLC, a technology consulting firm, Recognizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) as Authors and Inventors Under U.S. Intellectual Property Law, 24 Rich. J. L. & Tech. no. 2, 2018, https://jolt.richmond.edu/recognizing-artificial-intelligence-ai-as-authors-and-inventors-under-u-s-intellectual-property-law/	Pearlman 18	314,048	4	2,803
1,155	1,133,958	27,887	1AC – Icebreakers	1AC – Framing	1AC – Solvency	Presenting concrete solutions can improve critique without cooption---alternatives must scale up solvency to match impacts.	Visoka 19 [Gëzim; Associate Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies at Dublin City University; December 2019; “Critique and Alternativity in International Relations”; International Studies Review; Volume 21; Issue 4; 678-704; Recut-Lowell-TT]	Visoka 19	1,560	75	21,200
1,156	479,955	6,185	null	AT: CASE OFFENSE	AT: Security Good	Security policy makes the impossible plausable	Kessler 2008 (Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives 33 (2008), 211-232 accesed 7/18/13 DG)	Kessler 08 7/18/13 DG)	10,122	905	2,261
1,157	670,514	13,823	1nc	Offs	ROB	Abstraction is bad and a focus on the material consequences is the only way to uphold morality.	Bracey 6 Christopher A. Bracey, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318	Bracey 6	41,912	638	1,683
1,158	506,856	6,555	null	1AC	1AC — Superintelligence	Mind-crime is an independent impact even if AI is not super-intelligent. AI will simulate trillions of human consciousness to experiment on and then destroy. This is equivalent to genocide.	Bostrom 14 (Nick, Director, Future of Humanity Institute Professor, Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School University of Oxford, “Superintelligence”, Chapter 8)	Bostrom 14	9,634	13	1,747
1,159	670,643	13,829	1nc	Offs	Da	extinction – mathematically outweighs, even if they win mitigation.	Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed	Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17	2,127	1,722	8,517
1,160	480,057	6,184	Cuba Terror List Aff	Summit of the Americas Adv.	Links	The summit is key to the global economy	Inter-American Development Bank ‘12 [Inter-American Development Bank, “First CEO Summit of the Americas calls for greater economic cooperation among Western Hemisphere nations”, Apr 14 2012, http://www.iadb.org/en/news/news-releases/2012-04-14/ceo-summit-of-the-americas,9952.html]	Inter-American Development Bank ‘12	300,460	2	6,451
1,161	670,995	13,847	null	Offs	DA	And, Extinction – mathematically outweighs, even if they win mitigation.	Millett & Snyder-Beattie 17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed	Millett & Snyder-Beattie 17	2,127	1,722	8,517
1,162	671,822	13,886	Case F/Ls	Contention 3: Vision 2030	AT Proliferation Bad	Bioattack risks extinction—outweighs nuclear war	Anders Sandberg et al., James Martin Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, "How Can We Reduce the Risk of Human Extinction?" BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, 9-9-08, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction, accessed 5-2-10.	Sandberg 08	21,354	875	1,273
1,163	338,085	4,296	2015 NDI 6WS -- AT: K	Reps Defense	China method defense	Rising power	Friedberg 11 (Aaron L. Friedberg served from 2003 to 2005 in the office of the Vice President of the United States as deputy assistant for national-security affairs and director of policy planningpeer reviewed The Future of U.S.-China Relations: Is Conflict Inevitable? http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~lorenzo/Friedberg%20US%20China%20Relations.pdf)(AC)	Friedberg 11	173,592	7	2,402
1,164	507,434	6,569	3	null	null	Legal personhood is structured by a colonial anthropos, which means appeals to “sameness” as a basis for animal rights only reinforces the logic of capital expansion and intensifies violence along the human/animal divide.	Deckha ‘21	Deckha ‘21	314,247	11	19,095
1,165	672,215	13,908	null	1AC	Advantage 1 Is Automation	Income inequality causes economic decline and political instability.	Harkinson 11 (Josh Harkinson. Born in Texas and based in San Francisco, Josh covers tech, labor, drug policy, and the environment. “Study: Income Inequality Kills Economic Growth”. 10-4-2011. Mother Jones. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/10/study-income-inequality-kills-economic-growth/) //TruLe	Harkinson 11 //TruLe	349,689	77	3,661
1,166	507,486	6,572	1NC	FP	Algorithmic personhood ensures regulatory capture and ineffective regulation, similar to corporate personhood – the issue is not an ontological one, but an issue of the consequences algorithms have on social inequality	New pandemics cause extinction	Ord 20, [edited extract from The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity by Toby Ord, published by Bloomsbury, Why we need worst-case thinking to prevent pandemics, March 6, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/mar/06/worst-case-thinking-prevent-pandemics-coronavirus-existential-risk]	Ord 20	996	728	11,146
1,167	507,586	6,577	Next, Fetal Personhood:	Nature	1NC – Warming (Geoengineering)	New pandemics cause extinction	Ord 20, [edited extract from The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity by Toby Ord, published by Bloomsbury, Why we need worst-case thinking to prevent pandemics, March 6, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/mar/06/worst-case-thinking-prevent-pandemics-coronavirus-existential-risk]	Ord 20	996	728	11,146
1,168	478,297	6,163	Info/Internal Stuff	Links	Links/Internals: Plan Forces T/Off	The plan exceeds the aid budget – that forces a budget tradeoff	Alliage, 13 - Staff Writer at Devex (John, “Sequestration’s effect on US aid”, 3/2, https://www.devex.com/en/news/sequestration-s-effect-on-us-aid/80420)//AR	Alliage, 13	301,110	6	2,874
1,169	478,285	6,163	Info/Internal Stuff	Links	Links: Aid Forces T/Off	The plan exceeds the aid budget – that forces a budget tradeoff	Alliage, 13 - Staff Writer at Devex (John, “Sequestration’s effect on US aid”, 3/2, https://www.devex.com/en/news/sequestration-s-effect-on-us-aid/80420)//AR	Alliage, 13	301,110	6	2,874
1,170	481,420	6,207	Venezuela---Pressure	Solvency	2NC---Solves Corruption/Democracy	Threatening economic pressure solves democratization—Guatemala proves	Collins ‘9 (Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science and International	Collins ‘9	301,251	1	1,011
1,171	672,760	13,965	null	3	null	Demands upon the academy to alleviate suffering are colonialist parasitism – which feeds a colonial logic of violent interventionism.	Jayan Nayar, law prof at the University of Warwick, 12-15-2012, The Politics of Hope and the Other-in-the-World: Thinking Exteriority, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10978-012-9115-8/fulltext.html	Nayar 2012	402,889	23	8,906
1,172	1,140,590	28,059	OFF	SET COL	1AC—Solvency	Pessimism actively reifies settler dominance – Framing settler colonialism through a totalizing lens makes indigenous liberation impossible by setting the terms of victory as all-or-nothing	Busbridge 18 Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018, dml)	Busbridge 18 Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018, dml)	22,868	653	9,305
1,173	301,978	3,853	Ks	Neolib	AT Wilkie 2ar	3. This comes with the evidence vagueness – they don’t take into account the fact that we’re only opening this stretch of the border to the Tohono so that they can access cultural sites SOUTH of the border. Their ev assumes we’re trying to get people from less-developed countries and incorporate them into our American neoliberal economy.	null	null	193,394	1	null
1,174	1,866,698	54,912	null	null	2	All forms of oppression have material causes and therefore are necessarily shaped by the compulsions of capitalism.	Helen Scott, Prof PostColonial Lit & Theory @ U Vennont, 2006 "Reading the Text in its Worldly Situation: Marxism, Imperialism, and Contemporary Caribbean Women's Literature", Postcolonial Text, 2.1, http://postcolonial.org/index. php/pctlarticle/view Artic1e/49 1 / 174	Scott 2006	837,175	1	4,738
1,175	509,049	6,640	null	1nc---Academy K	null	Academia de-fangs the 1AC — Radical thought doesn’t get forcefully pushed out of this space, it gets sanitized and redeployed to justify the continued existence of neoliberal structures – The aff will get co-opted in this process.	Occupied UC Berkeley 9 (The Necrosocial: Civic Life, Social Death, and the UC; http://anticapitalprojects.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/the-necrosocial/, 11/19 //shree)	Occupied UC Berkeley 9	1,058	306	4,550
1,176	481,302	6,206	Impact	Top Level	Turns Case---Foreign Aid---2NC	US aid gets rejected by the country and congress---only Chinese assistance is sustainable	Roett et al 8 (Professor Riordan Roett is a Brazil expert at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in Washington. “China's Expansion Into the Western Hemisphere: Implications for Latin America and the United States,” Google Books)	Roett et al 8 “China's Expansion Into the Western Hemisphere: Implications for Latin America and the United States,” Google Books)	301,179	1	2,506
1,177	481,430	6,208	Consult Brazil CP	2NC	Brazil will say YES – Generic	Brazil wants consultation before US action in Latin America	Hakim 10 (Peter, president emeritus and senior fellow of the Inter-American Dialogue, a Washington-based think tank on Western Hemisphere affairs, “US-Brazil Relations: Expect More Conflict”, Inter-American Dialogue, October 21, http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32&pubID=2490)	Hakim 10	280,101	3	794
1,178	1,601,198	46,615	null	2	1NC – Paradigm Issues – Short	5 – Moral uncertainty – if we’re unsure about which interpretation of the world is true – we ought to preserve the world to keep debating about it	null	null	755,737	1	null
1,179	171,700	2,248	***Neg***	Advantages	A2 Warming	Adaptation solves	Contescu 12 – Professor Emeritus of Geology and Geography at Roosevelt University, Ph.D. (Lorin, "600 MILION YEARS OF CLIMATE CHANGE; A CRITIQUE OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL WARMING HYPOTESIS FROM A TIME-SPACE PERSPECTIVE”, Geo-Eco-Marina, 2012, Issue 18, pgs. 5-25, peer reviewed, Proquest, RSpec)	Contescu 12	114,456	4	1,349
1,180	482,300	6,222	Cuban Economy Advantage	1AC	null	Lifting the embargo immediately enhances Cuba’s economy and motivates political reform	Griswold, 2005 (Daniel, director of the Cato Institute's Center for Trade Policy Studies, Four Decades of Failure: The U.S. Embargo against Cuba, Cato Institute, October 12, 2005, http://www.cato.org/publications/speeches/four-decades-failure-us-embargo-against-cuba)	Griswold, 2005	280,145	19	2,380
1,181	673,126	14,010	1nc	Offs	4	Bioweapons cause extinction – defense doesn’t assume biotech and modifications.	Millett, 17 - PhD, is a Senior Research Fellow at Oxford (Piers, Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576214/)	Millett, 17	2,127	1,722	6,034
1,182	482,424	6,220	Add-Ons	Kerry Cred (WIP)	Kerry Add-On---2AC	The Plan would be a big win for Relations and Kerry	Miroff, ’13 [1/2/13, Nick Miroff covers Cuba for GlobalPost, “Can Kerry make friends with Cuba?”, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/cuba/121231/kerry-cuba-secretary-of-state-obama]	Miroff, ’13	275,284	12	2,489
1,183	509,677	6,662	1ac	null	Adv 1: Disease	Bioterror leads to extinction---there’s motive AND means	Ord 20, research fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, has advised the World Health Organization, the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, and the UK Prime Minister’s Office and Cabinet Office. (Toby, 3-6-2020, "Why we need worst-case thinking to prevent pandemics", The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/mar/06/worst-case-thinking-prevent-pandemics-coronavirus-existential-risk)	Ord 20	996	728	8,137
1,184	673,387	14,044	null	null	Off	The alternative lodges a radical demand to inhabit the groundlessness of unsovereignty in order to disrupt the ontological basis of anti-blackness and its accompanying settler colonial ambitions – this requires rejecting the affirmative in order to push their demand for recognition into dissolution – this radicalizes the affirmative project at the very point where it is no longer recognizable to itself	Sexton 16 (Jared Sexton, associate professor of African American Studies at UC Irvine, associate professor of Film and Media Studies at UC Irvine, PhD in ethnic studies from UC Berkeley, July 2016, “The Vel of Slavery: Tracking the Figure of the Unsovereign,” Critical Sociology Volume 42 Numbers 4-5, modified) gz	Sexton 16	39,997	41	5,229
1,185	673,459	14,056	null	1AC	null	Poison Ivy is the embodiment of the feminine spirit of nature, the response to the systemic violence waged against it by the dominance of rationality and masculinity.	Checkett 01(John-David [Master of Arts, Florida Atlantic University] “The Green Goddess returns: Batman's Poison Ivy as a symbol of emerging ecofeminist consciousness”) //TB A primal force underlies the natural world. Generative, nurturing, lifegiving as well as life-taking, its existence is recognized by most ecofeminists and is widely regarded as being essentially feminine (see for example Susan Griffin’s Woman and Nature: The Roaring Within Her. 1980; most o f Mary Daly’s work, especially 1978’s Gvn/Ecologv and 1984’s Pure Lust, as well as Vandana Shiva’s work on the feminine principle in nature in 1988 and in later works). As noted in the previous chapter of this thesis, She is variously regarded as the feminine principle in nature, the Great Cosmic Mother (Sjoo and Mor, 1989/1993) and/or some combination of the two. This Goddess, who was evidently revered in various forms throughout the ancient world, has not, predictably, received comparable treatment since the advent of widespread patriarchal structures. ‘Female power, as represented by the new worldview in which the figure of the femme fatale — the Sirens, Harpies, witches of myth — was feared and controlled” (Leeming and Page 1994:88). Yet despite an untold number of distortions and degradations, the Goddess has never been banished forever from human consciousness. I will argue that she qualifies as an authentic archetype, an intrinsic part of the human mind. As such, it is impossible to erase Her altogether from human awareness; She will inevitably appear at some times in some form, although perhaps in a degraded form. One place, among others, where she can be found is that vast repository of human imagination known as popular culture, in the form of the femme fatale. It is my contention that the content of popular culture is essentially the equivalent of the manifest content of an individual person’s dream, and can be interpreted similarly. Building upon work which identifies the femme fatale in popular culture as a degraded or shadow form of the Goddess (e.g., Leeming and Page 1994; Pam Keesy 1998, and others), we find in one particular femme fatale — my subject, the popular culture figure known as Poison Ivy — both the familiar Goddess powers of sex (life) and death, along with another layer as well. Ivy is also the defender, advocate, and avenger of all plant life and, by extension, the natural world in general. Like dreams, the stories involving her symbolically reflect the culture’s attitudes towards what she represents, and indicate how to go about solving our problems. Amidst the vast array of femme fatales which permeate popular culture, it would appear that none recaptures as much of the essence (Quintessence?) of the Goddess as Poison Ivy. While other femme fatales are chiefly noted for being both sexy and dangerous, Poison Ivy’s additional aspect, as a representative of the Earth and the powers of nature identifies her as perhaps the most complete manifestation of the Great Green Goddess within American culture to date. Ivy can clearly be seen to hold potential, even unique significance to feminism in general and ecofeminism in particular, and so an ecofeminist analysis of Poison Ivy is the focus o f the third and final chapter of this thesis.	Checkett 01(John-David [Master of Arts, Florida Atlantic University] “The Green Goddess returns: Batman's Poison Ivy as a symbol of emerging ecofeminist consciousness”) //TB	403,290	1	932
1,186	509,731	6,663	1NC	1NC --- OFF	OFF	The rights of AI are the rights of AI to labor – that drives infinite digital accumulation and turns all of humanity into surplus population – extinction.	Dyer-Witheford 19 [Nick Dyer-Witheford, Atle Mikkola Kjøsen, and James Steinhoff, * associate professor and associate dean of the faculty of Information and Media Studies at University of Western Ontario, Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Information and Media Studies at the University of Western Ontario, * PhD Candidate in the Faculty of Information and Media Studies at the University of Western Ontario, “Inhuman Power: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Capitalism,” 2019, Pluto Press, pp. 135-144]	Dyer-Witheford 19	314,456	5	19,375
1,187	483,226	6,231	CASE	Democracy Advantage	1AC Advantage	Terrorism causes extinction	Morgan, 9 - Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin Campus - South Korea	Morgan, 9 -	88,812	112	3,891
1,188	1,189,165	29,105	1AC---Midamerica---RQuarts	1AC---PTD---Midamerica	1AC---ADV---PTD---Midamerica	Applying the doctrine to federal waters and territorial seas embeds it into international law — solves multiple converging crisis in space, seas and Antarctica	Boudreau, 17 (Thomas Boudreau, Ph.D., Salisbury University, 2017, accessed on 8-15-2021, Environmental and Earth Law Journal (EELJ): Vol. 7 : Iss. 1 , Article 2., "The Earth's Atmosphere As A Global Trust: Establishing Proportionate State Responsibility To Maintain, Restore And Sustain The Global Atmosphere", https://lawpublications.barry.edu/ejejj/vol7/iss1/2/, HBisevac)	Boudreau, 17	33,698	126	8,333
1,189	484,058	6,241	Impacts	1NC	Human Rights	This system of control leads to the worst abuses of human rights – we support the worst dictators as long as they’re good for American market interests – and all empirics flow neg	Kieh 12 (George Klay Kieh, Jr., Professor of Political Science at the University of West Georgia, Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of West Georgia, Dean of International Affairs and Professor of Political Science and African and African American Studies at Grand Valley State University, Chair of the Department of Political Science and Professor of Political Science and International Studies at Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia, and has published extensively on issues relating to security studies, foreign policy, the state, democratization, political economy, development studies, and regional and global institutions, “Neo-Colonialism: American Foreign Policy and the First Liberian Civil War”, The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.5, no.1, March 2012, pp. 177, )	Kieh 12	302,741	2	5,810
1,190	510,193	6,674	2AC	AT: K---CAP	2AC---Impact	Growth increases stability and disincentivizes conflict and expansionism---decline causes war.	Szayna et al 17, Research department director of the Defense and Political Sciences Department and a senior political scientist at the RAND Corporation. He has over 30 years of experience in national security policy and defense analysis. From 1997 to 2011 he served as associate director of the Strategy, Doctrine, and Resources Program in RAND's Army Research Division. His research has focused on aspects of strategic planning for the U.S. armed forces, post-conflict stability and reconstruction operations, and coalition interoperability. He gave testimony for the U.S. House of Representatives and has been a keynote speaker at a number of defense conferences. Szayna received a B.A. in history and philosophy from Villanova University and an M.A. in international relations from Claremont Graduate School. Also Angela O’Mahony, Jennifer Kavanagh, Stephen Watts, Bryan Frederick, Tova C. Norlen, Phoenix Voorhies. (“Conflict Trends and Conflict Drivers: An Empirical Assessment of Historical Conflict Patterns and Future Conflict Projections”. 2017. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1063.html)	Szayna et al 17	66,151	42	13,829
1,191	673,799	14,074	NEG	2NC	Warming	No impact to even unchecked warming---best data is based on observations, not models and predicts warming will stay within the harmless range	Matt Ridley 13, Ph.D. in Zoology from Oxford, worked for the Economist for nine years as science editor, Washington correspondent and American editor, fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and of the Academy of Medical Sciences, and a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 9/17/13, “Dialing Back the Alarm on Climate Change,” http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324549004579067532485712464?mod=trending_now_1&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424127887324549004579067532485712464.html%3Fmod%3Dtrending_now_1	Ridley 13	129,173	27	7,129
1,192	510,261	6,676	null	1NC	2	Focusing on individualism leaves the 1AC divided and conquered.	Dean, 16 [Jodi Dean, political philosopher and professor in the Political Science department at Hobart and William Smith Colleges, “Crowds and Party,” 2016, verso books]//Townes	Dean, 16	68,214	129	9,887
1,193	484,149	6,241	Other Blocks	1NC	AT: Squo Solves/World is getting better	Exploitation and the expansion of capitalism are ongoing – even if some things are getting better, the system is still broken	Escobar 04 (Arturo Escobar, Colombian-American anthropologist, PhD in development philosophy, “Beyond the Third World: Imperial Globality, Global Coloniality, and Anti-Globalization Social Movements”, Third World Quarterly, February 2004, Vol 25, No 1, pp. 207-230, //Evan)	Escobar 04	302,800	1	1,854
1,194	484,151	6,238	*CASE*	Democracy Advantage	Ext. Demo Promo I/L	Internet use key to democracy promotion	Drake et al 00 (William J. Drake was a Senior Associate and the Director of the Project on the Information Revolution and World Politics at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Shanthi Kalathil specializes in the political impact of information and communication technology (ICT). Her research focuses on the impact of ICT in authoritarian regimes, the global digital divide, and security issues in the information age. Taylor Boas is a Project Associate with the Project on the Information Revolution and World Politics. “Dictatorships in the Digital Age: Some Considerations on the Internet in China and Cuba” <http://carnegieendowment.org/2000/10/23/dictatorships-in-digital-age-some-considerations-on-internet-in-china-and-cuba/4e9e>) NM	Drake et al 00 (	281,554	2	1,456
1,195	3,306,689	108,930	1AC vs Beckman KM	1AC	Solvency	US is model for global transparency	Stiglitz, PhD/Nobel Prize Winner, 99	Stiglitz, PhD/Nobel Prize Winner, 99	1,390,555	13	790
1,196	484,881	6,255	Hegemony Bad Supplement	null	Hegemony Causes China War	U.S. Hegemony forced Russia and China goes nuclear	Roberts, 07 [Paul Craig, congressional staff, creators.com, 8/11/07, http://www.creators.com/opinion/paul-craig-roberts/u-s-hegemony-spawns-russian-chinese-military-alliance.html]	Roberts, 07	142,925	21	910
1,197	484,997	6,256	Aff Answers	AT Brain Drain	Squo Solves Asteroids	Status quo solves—NASA is increasing surveys and detection now.	Wall, ‘11 [6/3/11, Mike Wall is a writer for Fox News, “truck sized asteroid has close encounter with earth”, www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/06/03/truck-sized-asteroid-has-close-encounter-with-earth/]	Wall, ‘11 11, Mike Wall is a writer for Fox News, “truck sized asteroid has close encounter with earth”, www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/06/03/truck-sized-asteroid-has-close-encounter-with-earth/]	303,358	2	1,361
1,198	673,985	14,082	NEG	2NC/1NR	AT Yaffe	Their evidence says FERC needs to clarify guidelines	Yaffe 10 (David Yaffe, adjunct professor of energy law at The George Washington University Law School, litigator in front of the FERC. “Are State Renewable Feed-In-Tariff Initiatives Truly Throttled by Federal Statutes After the FERC California Decision?” The Electricity Journal, Vol. 3 Issue 8 pp.9-16 October 2010) swap	Yaffe 10	403,551	17	2,026
1,199	174,000	2,268	Farmworkers Aff	***Solvency	Permanent Status Solves	Legalization and management change attracts workers- Farm owners willing to comply	Martin 17 [PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1975. His research focuses on: immigration, farm labor, and economic development. Editor of Migration News and Rural Migration News at USC Davis, Chair of UC Comparative Immigration & Integration Program at USC, Davis, “Immigration Policy and Agriculture: Possible Directions for the Future.” Web. Retrieved from http://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/1886918586?accountid=14667, accessed 7/11/2018]	Martin 17	115,976	1	1,812

1,100

1,132,769

27,826

FloMo R1 – Open Source

2AC---FloMo R1

2AC---DA – Federalism

10 – Drone prolif means every hotspot goes nuclear

Zenko and Kreps, 14 -- *Micah - Douglas Dillon fellow in the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations, PhD in political science from Brandeis University; *Sarah - Stanton nuclear security fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations, assistant professor in the department of government and an adjunct professor at Cornell Law School, BA from Harvard University, MSc from Oxford University, and PhD from Georgetown University; “Limiting Armed Drone Proliferation," Council on Foreign Relations, June 2014, http://aspheramedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Limiting_Armed_Drone_Proliferation_CSR69.pdf

Zenko and Kreps, 14

9,780

106

10,765

1,101

665,780

13,544

null

AC

Solvency

Nuclear disarmament is an essential step towards eliminating a colonialist and anti-black world. Weapon testing, uranium mining, and investments in modernization all have disparate impacts, and the threat of conflict is disproportionate as well. The plan is linked to a theory that connects global and local struggles for liberation.

Intondi 15 (Vincent J. Intondi, Associate Professor of History, Director of the Institute for Race, Justice & Community Engagement, and Coordinator for History and Political Science at Montgomery College. African Americans Against the Bomb: Nuclear Weapons, Colonialism, and the Black Freedom Movement. Stanford University Press. 1-5.)

Intondi 15

411,146

99

12,092

1,102

666,282

13,577

1nc

Case

null

Rigorous climate simulations prove that hydrophilic black carbon would cause to atmospheric precipitation – results in a rainout effect that quickly reverses nuclear winter.

Reisner et al. 18 (Jon Reisner – Climate and atmospheric scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Gennaro D’Angelo – Climate scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Research scientist at the SETI institute, Associate specialist at the University of California, Santa Cruz, NASA Postdoctoral Fellow at the NASA Ames Research Center, UKAFF Fellow at the University of Exeter. Eunmo Koo - Scientist at Applied Terrestrial, Energy, and Atmospheric Modeling (ATEAM) Team, in Computational Earth Science Group (EES-16) in Earth and Environmental Sciences Division and Co-Lead of Parallel Computing Summer Research Internship (PCSRI) program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, former Staff research associate at UC Berkeley. Wesley Even - Computational scientist in the Computational Physics and Methods Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Matthew Hecht – Atmospheric scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Elizabeth Hunke - Lead developer for the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory responsible for development and incorporation of new parameterizations, model testing and validation, computational performance, documentation, and consultation with external model users on all aspects of sea ice modeling, including interfacing with global climate and earth system models. Darin Comeau – Climate scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Randy Bos - Project leader at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, former Weapons Effects program manager at Tech-Source. James Cooley – Computational scientist at the Los Alamos National Laboratory specializing in weapons physics, emergency response, and computational physics. <MKIM> “Climate impact of a regional nuclear weapons exchange:An improved assessment based on detailed source calculations”. 3/16/18. DOA: 7/13/19. https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017JD027331)

Reisner et al. 18

10,501

505

2,572

1,103

1,132,778

27,828

Newman Smith R1 – Open Source

1AC---Newman Smith R1

1AC --- International Advantage

Middle east war escalates, draws-in great powers and causes global wars. Their defense doesn’t assume recent trends or oil.

Klare 18 — Michael Klare, Five College professor emeritus of peace and world security studies, and director of the Five College Program in Peace and World Security Studies (PAWSS), holds a B.A. and M.A. from Columbia University and a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute. He has written widely on U.S. military policy, international peace and security affairs, the global arms trade, and global resource politics. (“Gearing Up for the Third Gulf War” Common Dreams, May 14, 2018. https://www.commondreams.org/views/2018/05/14/gearing-third-gulf-war)//JLPark

Klare 18

35,426

43

17,349

1,104

461,984

5,942

Aff

A2 Links

Embargo Answers

Lifting the embargo would be a victory for Cuban socialism

Suchlicki, Jaime. "The U.S. Embargo of Cuba." Scholarly Repository. N.p., 2000. Web. 3 July 2013. <http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=iccaspapers&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fstart%3D10%26q%3Dlifting%2Bthe%2Bcuban%2Bembargo%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%2C5#search=%22lifting%20cuban%20embargo%22>.

Suchlicki 2000. Web. 3 July 2013. <http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=iccaspapers&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fstart%3D10%26q%3Dlifting%2Bthe%2Bcuban%2Bembargo%26hl%3Den%26as_sdt%3D0%2C5#search=%22lifting%20cuban%20embargo%22>.

297,844

3

1,972

1,105

353,734

4,509

Impacts

Hotspots

Turns Econ

Biodiversity loss is costly for the economy

Anon 11, “Biodiversity Loss spells Economic Crisis,” http://knowledge.allianz.com/?1486/conservation-biodiversity-loss-economic-crisis-ecosystem

null

297,881

1

1,173

1,106

771,542

18,004

2nc

T

2nc overview – Dialogue DA

Deliberation is critical to solve the aff – only way to produce sufficient portable skills

Mitchell, Pittsburgh communication professor, 2010

12,772

57

26,183

1,107

500,052

6,455

Cap K – Starter Pack

Aff Answers

Link – AT: Cuba

Their link is incorrect – Cuba can be subject to globalization without succumbing to neoliberalism. Even if industry investment increased, anti-neoliberal resistance would not be doomed.

Shreve, Executive Articles Editor at the Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 2012 [Heather, .D. Candidate, 2012, Indiana University Maurer School of Law, “Harmonization, But Not Homogenization:

Shreve 2012

278,951

6

2,613

1,108

1,866,175

54,874

Juvenile Juries 1AC

Adv. 1: Due Process

Inherency

Wrongful convictions not only allow criminal acts to continue, but they undermine the fairness which underscores our criminal justice system and our democracy

Furman 03 “Wrongful Convictions and the Accuracy of the Criminal Justice System”, University of Colorado Law School: Colorado Law Scholarly Commons, The Colorado Lawyer, H. Patrick Furman (University of Colorado Law School), https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1509&context=articles

Furman 03

836,655

3

215

1,109

1,866,212

54,877

Java Juice

1AC

null

Queer Theory knowledge production offers avenues to understanding heteronormativity in pedagogy while crafting it’s own. Arguments made to belittle and prioritize a model above queer theory is submissive to the binary and violent.

Britzman ’95 (Deborah P. Britzman, she is professor and a practicing psychoanalyst at York University, her research connects psychoanalysis with contemporary pedagogy,[1] teacher education, social inequality, problems of intolerance and historical crisis, June 1995, “Is there a Queer Pedagogy? Or, Stop Reading Straight,” pg 153-155)JS

Britzman ’95

836,900

2

5,022

1,110

555,501

8,250

null

1AC - Mining

Debris cascades cause global nuke war

Les Johnson 13, Deputy Manager for NASA's Advanced Concepts Office at the Marshall Space Flight Center, Co-Investigator for the JAXA T-Rex Space Tether Experiment and PI of NASA's ProSEDS Experiment, Master's Degree in Physics from Vanderbilt University, Popular Science Writer, and NASA Technologist, Frequent Contributor to the Journal of the British Interplanetary Sodety and Member of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Space Society, the World Future Society, and MENSA, Sky Alert!: When Satellites Fail, p. 9-12 [language modified]

Johnson 13

4,780

395

8,232

1,111

500,278

6,456

Affirmative

AT: DAs

Try or Die Bad

Extremely low probabilities should count as zero—even if there’s some risk, policy decisions can’t be justified by vanishingly small probabilities

RESCHER 3 (Nicholas, Prof of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh, Sensible Decisions: Issues of Rational Decision in Personal Choice and Public Policy, p. 49-50)

RESCHER 3

44,134

44

2,046

1,112

500,396

6,456

Negative

Case – Solvency Extensions

XT: 3 – Epistemology Fails

Their emphasis on the performative dimension of terrorism overlooks material structure and hinders policy

Tuathail, 96 (Gearoid, Department of Georgraphy at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 15(6-7), p. 664, science direct)

Tuathail, 96

30,049

246

3,255

1,113

167,326

2,202

Agamben—MM(MMMMMMMMM)R Lab

Links

1NC/2NC Link—Domestic Labor/Undocumented Workers

The undocumented immigrant and domestic worker exist within a third space outside of laws and regulations, exploited by the state for neoliberal aims without protection

Lee 10 Charles T. Lee is an associate professor of justice and social inquiry and an affiliate faculty in women and gender studies, “Bare life and third space,” Women's Studies Quarterly Vol. 38, No. 1/2, CITIZENSHIP (SPRING/SUMMER 2010), pp. 57-81, Accessed 6/28/18 KDS AK

Lee 10

111,693

6

5,947

1,114

475,662

6,114

Aff – Neoliberalism

Terrorism

2AC Terrorism

Nuclear terrorism causes extinction

Morgan 09 - Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin Campus - South Korea (Dennis, Futures, November, “World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race,” Science Direct)

Morgan 09 (Dennis, Futures, November, “World on fire: two scenarios of the destruction of human civilization and possible extinction of the human race,” Science Direct)

88,812

112

3,732

1,115

666,866

13,610

1ac

Advocacy

null

Resolved: States ought to eliminate their nuclear arsenals.

Nebel 19 Jake Nebel, 8-12-2019, "Genericity on the Standardized Tests Resolution," Briefly, https://www.vbriefly.com/2019/08/12/genericity-on-the-standardized-tests-resolution/?fbclid=IwAR0fRUmyVJMF-JjwDQ4Fufx8T3zQTUBKRufUtNDvU_0R5PS7fM2CkmS3i24 SJBE. LHPMC Jake Nebel is an assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and executive director of Victory Briefs.

Nebel 19

336,758

492

4,662

1,116

475,869

6,120

null

2NC

Link – Postcolonialism

Postcolonial research of Latin American culture is done through a capitalist scope- leads to exclusion of important viewpoints and cultures

Brass, Tom (Social and Poltical Sciences Faculty at the University of Cambridge, “On which side of the barricade? Subaltern Resistance in Latin America and Elsewhere”, The Journal of Peasant Studies) 9/8/10, http:/ldx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150412331311109

Brass, 10,

298,413

1

2,751

1,117

1,138,859

28,031

1AC – Columbia River Treaty

null

1AC – Canada

That’s reflected in Canada’s working recommendations.

Bode ’17 [Thomas G.; JD Georgetown; “A MODERN TREATY FOR THE COLUMBIA RIVER”; 47 Envtl. L. 81-125; https://law.lclark.edu/live/files/23904-47-1bodepdf; accessed 10/1/2021; Lowell-TT]

Bode ’17

553,752

32

2,269

1,118

667,241

13,622

R6

Framework:

Part 2: The Thought Experiment –

1. The Egoistic Problem – we can always ask why we ought to care about other people. Only an egalitarian and reciprocal ethic can reconcile the problem of a self-interested subject since any individual could reasonably be put in any position under the veil which means individuals must care about others as a precondition to caring about themselves. It’s also comes first, you assume your arguments will be evaluated fairly.

F.S. “The Fairness Principle: How the Veil of Ignorance Helps Test Fairness.” Farnam Street, 12 Nov. 2019, fs.blog/2017/10/veil-ignorance/.

F.S. 2017

398,491

15

1,390

1,119

501,570

6,461

null

Impacts

Impact – Inferiority

Colonial organization of inferiority/superiority is legitimized by conceptions of race, which then translated into phenotypical “color” classifications which produced new identities of domination and subjugation that still persist today

Quijano 2k (Anibal, Professor of sociology at Binghamton University, “Coloniality of Power, Eurocentrism, and Latin America,” http://www.unc.edu/~aescobar/wan/wanquijano.pdf, 2000)

Quijano 2k

234,404

12

2,960

1,120

1,854,577

54,449

1AC

1AC Warrants in the Cloud

1AC – Data Localization

AND they’ll get nukes

Hayes 18 (Peter Hayes – Director of the Nautilus Institute and Honorary Professor at the Centre for International Security Studies at the University of Sydney. <KEN> "Non State Terrorism and Inadvertent Nuclear War," January 18, 2018. DOA: 7/7/18. Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability. https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-special-reports/non-state-terrorism-and-inadvertent-nuclear-war/)

Hayes 18

1,783

845

8,917

1,121

1,854,647

54,452

1AC

1AC Warrants in the Cloud

1AC – Data Localization

AND they’ll get nukes

Hayes 18 (Peter Hayes – Director of the Nautilus Institute and Honorary Professor at the Centre for International Security Studies at the University of Sydney. <KEN> "Non State Terrorism and Inadvertent Nuclear War," January 18, 2018. DOA: 7/7/18. Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability. https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-special-reports/non-state-terrorism-and-inadvertent-nuclear-war/)

Hayes 18

1,783

845

8,917

1,122

666,962

13,613

Pragmatic Deliberation AC (5:35)

Framing (2:00)

null

Deliberation is procedural not substantive, which means that we are concerned with the decision-making procedure of deliberation not the evaluation of what impacts matter most Serra 2 BY WAY OF CONCLUSION: As LaFollette presents it, the key to understanding pragmatist ethics is that it is not an ethical theory per se, but rather it is an anthropology, a way of understanding the human being and his moral action. Therefore, pragmatist ethics in reality does not propose a new ethical theory, but rather “reconstructs” through a new prism the basic intuitions of the best ethical theories. The fundamental element on which the attention of pragmatist ethics centers is deliberation. Deliberation is not directly responsible for directing action, but only does so indirectly, by means of a critique of past actions, the effort to correct or reinforce certain habits and mental experiments that each actor performs in order to determine his own future conduct, and even to determine in a general manner the way in which one wishes to live one’s life (or, what amounts to the same thing, the type of person one wishes to be). The task of a pragmatist ethics, therefore, is not to provide final solutions, but rather to indicate that it is only via the testing and communication of experiences that the superiority of one moral idea over another can be demonstrated. In this sense, one of the principal missions of any given version of pragmatist ethics is to indicate some general manner in which habits can be acquired which, later, will facilitate personal deliberation – both internal and external – in the broad variety of circumstances which make up the moral life.

null

, , ,

399,362

1

null

1,123

668,157

13,686

Agriculture and Food Scarcity Add-on

Framework

null

Our human reactions to experiences of suffering are more compelling than abstract ethical theorizing. Glover ‘99

Glover, Jonathon [British philosopher known for his studies on ethics. He currently teaches ethics at King's College London. Glover is a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution in the United States]. Humanity. New Haven: Yale University Press: 1999, pg. 406 SD

null

357,667

15

2,155

1,124

1,133,422

27,902

null

Logging---1AC---UNLV

Modeling ADV---1AC

Indonesian fires are a key tipping point

Joshua Oppenheimer 16. Was awarded the Aung San Suu Kyi Award at the Human Rights Human Dignity International Film Festival, documentary director and journalist. 05-03-16. “Why today’s global warming has roots in Indonesia’s genocidal past.” The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/03/genocide-indonesia-human-rights-abuse-climate-change-palm-oil

Oppenheimer 16

526,627

13

3,989

1,125

1,133,452

27,814

Westminster Semis – Open Source

2AC---Westminster Semis

2AC---CP – States

[9] Federal dams are critical --- nearly 100% of solvency on the climate and bio-d scenarios come from Federal hydropower dams --- states can’t remove them.

Walls, 20 --- senior fellow at Resources for the Future and former associate professor in the Department of Economics at Victoria University in Wellington, New Zealand from 1996 through 2000 (October 2020, Margaret, “Aligning Dam Removal and Dam Safety: Comparing Policies and Institutions across States,” https://media.rff.org/documents/Aligning_Dam_Removal_and_Dam_Safety_wmTZmC8.pdf, JMP)

Walls, 20

33,175

22

613

1,126

1,139,297

28,013

Uniqueness

Thumpers---Economy

Uniqueness---AT: Rates---No Hikes

Structural, long-term trends push rates near-zero.

Roche ’11-10 [Cullen; November 10; Founder of Orcam Financial Group, LLC; Market Watch, “Opinion: You think the U.S. will get hyperinflation? There’s a better chance that interest rates will go to zero,” https://www.marketwatch.com/story/you-think-the-u-s-will-get-hyperinflation-theres-a-better-chance-that-interest-rates-will-go-to-zero-11636556375]

Roche ’11-10

556,556

1

2,097

1,127

667,850

13,664

Plan

null

Todd May. Between Genealogy and Epistemology: Psychology, Politics, and Knowledge in the Thought of Michel Foucault. Pennsylvania State University Press. 1993. Pg. 3-4 The political aspect of Foucault's work has to be grasped through the concept of the micropolitical. Although there will be much to say about this later, a preliminary consideration of the micropolitical, and thus of the political, will offer an orientation that is useful for avoiding the misinterpretations that often accompany Foucault's poetic but labyrinthine texts. Foucault himself, when asked once for a definition of the political, offered this: "Every relation of force implies at each moment a relation of power (which is in a sense its momentary expression) and every power relation makes a reference, as its effect but also as its condition of possibility, to a political field of which it forms a part" (Foucault l 980a, p. 1 89). Politics he defined as "a more-or-less global strategy for co-ordinating and directing those relations. " This definition points toward a conception of the political as an oriented field of power relations, relations wherein actions constrain and are constrained by other actions (Foucault, in Dreyfus and Rabinow 1 98 2, p. 220 ) , not in a haphazard fashion but rather in ways that possess their own logic and can be articulated . Power is a network of interlocking constraints upon action (which is not to be equated with restraints upon action), rather than a force that one unitary class or body applies to another. It exists at many dispersed points, with more or less localized centers that themselves may or may not overlap or coordinate with one another. Thus it is possible to change or overthrow one set of power relationships without creating fundamental changes in other areas. The former Soviet Union provides a good example of this. Although private property was abolished, other power relationships remained in place, with the result that domination in Soviet society changed hands but was not fundamentally altered. Such a picture of the political as a network rather than a hierarchy issues in a new picture of political understanding and political intervention. Instead of looking for the Archimedean point at which the fulcrum of power relationships can be altered, one must seek out the different types of power relationships that inhere in different areas. There is one type in psychiatry, another in medicine, yet another in sexuality: intersecting perhaps, but reducible neither to one another nor to a model that would explain them all. Power relationships are to be found on the micropolitical level, in the localities they invest rather than in a source from which they emerge. This is not to deny any efficacy attaching to larger centers of power, for instance the state. The state is far from a political irrelevance. To recast the political in terms of the micropolitical is instead to acknowledge that the larger centers have too often been the focus of attention, resulting in a warped account of power and a vitiated conception of political intervention. Further, it is to recognize that, in order to exist, the power of institutions such as the state depend, at least in part, on smaller, more capillary relations of power. The local operation of power does not preclude its concentration at certain points, but it does serve as a reminder that the concentration of power should not be mistaken for its source. To refuse to see power at its points of heaviest concentration would be a blindness to the manifest; to refuse to see it anywhere else, however, is to be a slave to its manifestness.

null

The political aspect has to be grasped through the micropolitical. Every relation of force implies a relation of power and every power relation makes a reference, as its effect but also as its condition of possibility, to a political field of which it forms a part" This points toward a conception of the political as an oriented field of power relations wherein actions constrain and are constrained by other actions in ways that possess their own logic Power is a network of interlocking constraints upon action rather than a force that one unitary body applies to another. It exists at many dispersed points Thus it is possible to change or overthrow one set of power relationships without creating fundamental changes in other areas. Such a picture issues in a new picture of political understanding and political intervention. Instead of looking for the Archimedean point at which the fulcrum of power relationships can be altered, one must seek out the different types of power relationships that inhere in different areas. intersecting perhaps, but reducible neither to one another nor to a model that would explain them all. Power relationships are to be found on the micropolitical level, in the localities they invest the larger centers have too often been the focus of attention, resulting in a warped account of power and a vitiated conception of political intervention. the power of institutions such as the state depend, at least in part, on smaller, more capillary relations of power. The local operation of power serve as a reminder that the concentration of power should not be mistaken for its source.

400,000

1

null

1,128

503,302

6,480

1AC – Version X

Case Blocks

AT – Neolib K

Continued embargo empowers Cuban repression against its own people, promoting inequality and disposability

CSG ’13 (Cuba Study Group, Restoring Executive Authority Over U.S. Policy Toward Cuba February 2013, http://www.cubastudygroup.org/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=45d8f827-174c-4d43-aa2f-ef7794831032)

CSG ’13

275,395

8

2,953

1,129

668,152

13,686

Agriculture and Food Scarcity Add-on

Underview

null

Development assistance programs empirically foster the growth of sustainable crops and adoption of environmentally friendly technologies that decrease environmental degradation and decrease poverty. (CGIAR= Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research) Goldin et al. 02,

Goldin, Ian. Rogers, Halsey. Stern, Nicholas. [Professor Ian Goldin was the founding Director of the Oxford Martin School from September 2006 to September 2016. Halsey Rogers is Co-Director of the World Development Report 2018. Nicholas Herbert Stern is a British economist and academic]. et al. “The Role and Effectiveness of Development Assistance: Lessons from World Bank Experience.” World Bank, 1 Mar. 2002, reliefweb.int/report/world/role-and-effectiveness-development-assistance-lessons-world-bank-experience. OF

OF

400,204

1

1,206

1,130

183,233

2,362

Prosecutorial Discretion Counterplan

Aff

PD Bad — Implicit Bias

Prosecutorial discretion is biased- proves constant racial bias and decks solvency

Sklansky ’17 (David Alan Sklansky, His scholarship has addressed the law, sociology, and political science of policing; the proper exercise and constraint of prosecutorial power, Stanley Morrison professor of law at Stanford law school, “The Problems with Prosecutors,” Annual Review of Criminology 2018. 1:451–69- First published as a Review in Advance on September 25, 2017, accessed July 25th 2018, https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092440)ssk

Sklansky ’17

52,478

32

3,220

1,131

444,362

5,759

Link – Cuba Embargo – Unpopular

null

Lifting the embargo costs political capital

White, Center for International Policy Senior Fellow, 2013,

White, Center for International Policy Senior Fellow 13

201,876

30

714

1,132

478,225

6,164

Neg

1NC Shell (Generic)

null

Heg solves nuclear war – empirics prove

Lewis 09—Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2009,(James, “The blessings of Pax Americana,” http://www.americanthinker.com/2009/09/the_blessings_of_pax_americana.html)//BJ

Lewis 09

299,742

5

2,065

1,133

478,265

6,164

Neg

Impact Scenarios

Heg

Heg solves nuclear war – all empirics go neg

Lewis 09—Senior Fellow, Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2009,(James, “The blessings of Pax Americana,” http://www.americanthinker.com/2009/09/the_blessings_of_pax_americana.html)//BJ

Lewis 09

299,742

5

2,065

1,134

668,235

13,696

War is not an event, it’s a continuum threaded at every point by gender—the aff misdiagnoses the problem by adopting a disembodied lens of analysis. Attempts to solve violence and war impacts without addressing the root cause -- patriarchy -- will always fail.

null

Without deliberation by all and equal relationality, there is no moral form of disarmament. The alt is a prerequisite to ethical denuclearization.

Biowarfare leads to extinction

Piers Millett 17, PhD, is a Senior Research Fellow @ Oxford, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576214/

null

2,127

1,722

6,034

1,135

285,959

3,616

Trade Adv

Regional Integration Extensions

Regional Integration Impacts

Competing views of regionalism spark Asian conflict

Hammond 15 (Andrew, Associate at LSE IDEAS (the Centre for International Affairs, Diplomacy and Strategy) at the London School of Economics, 11/16, “US-China rivalry takes APEC center stage”, http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2015/11/197_191080.html)

Hammond 15

161,623

2

3,565

1,136

1,133,681

27,875

Newman Smith Finals – Block

1nc---Advantage

1nc---Cruel Optimism

The interest in the politics of hope will only result in an overwhelmingly negative force, the AC traps traumatic effects.

Berlant 2, Lauren Gail. Cruel Optimism. Duke University Press, 2011. KJ

Berlant 2

553,978

12

2,277

1,137

183,608

2,354

AT: CPs

AT: CP—RATIFY CRC

1ar – ratify crc cp – at: fiat self-execution

Fiat doesn’t solve – non-self-execution is so entrenched courts will assume Congress meant it anyway – no enforcement nor signal

Venetis 11 (Penny M. Venetis, Clinical Professor of Law, Clinical Scholar and Co-Director of the Rutgers Constitutional Litigation Clinic, “Making Human Rights Treaty Law Actionable in the United States: the Case for Universal Implementing Legislation,” Alabama Law Review, 63(1), 2011, 63 Alabama Law Review 97, p.106-111, http://www.law.ua.edu/pubs/lrarticles/Volume%2063/Issue%201/3-Venetis.pdf DOA 7-17-2018)KMM

Venetis 11

121,860

1

7,843

1,138

163,487

2,161

**Topicality Things

Legal Immigration

2AC – Includes Refugees and Asylees

Legal Immigration consists of both admittees and adjustees – that includes refugees and asylees

Perry et. al 1 – Marc Perry, Acting Chief of the Public Information Office at the Census Bureau, joined the Census Bureau in 1997 as a demographer in the Population Division; Barbara Vandervate, Retired Census Bureau staff (37 years); Lea Auman, Population Division at the US Census Bureau; and Kathy Morris, Population Division at the US Census Bureau, 2001("Evaluating Components of International Migration: Legal Migrants", US Census Bureau, December 2001, Available Online from https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/2001/demo/POP-twps0059.html)//BM Major components of legal immigration

Perry et. al 1

109,111

25

4,193

1,139

1,139,668

28,078

OFF

null

Increasing protections of the environment is a new form of environment biopolitics which determines the productive capacity of objects and people in terms of neoliberal capital

De Lucia 17—Vito De Lucia, Professor, Norwegian Centre for the Law of the Sea, Faculty of Law, University of Tromsø, "Critical Environmental Law and the Double Register of the Anthropocene: A Biopolitical Reading”, Environmental Law and Governance for the Anthropocene. Ed. Louis J Kotzé. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 97–116, https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/3450198/6.2.-vito-de-lucia-reading.pdf, 2017//Lee

De Lucia 17

553,945

6

7,014

1,140

668,404

13,713

null

Functional Morality AC

Every plea bargain is Inherently a distortion of justice. Because it is Always a compromise, a plea bargain must Always be either too lenient, if it gives too short of a sentence to a guilty defendant, or too harsh, as it punishes an innocent defendant. Plea bargaining undermines the effective Functioning of the criminal justice system – it distorts the presumption of innocence, it relies on incomplete information, and it ignores conflicts of interest.

Alschuler, 2002 - Professor of Law at Northwestern University [Albert W. Guilty Plea: Plea Bargaining Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice http://www.encyclopedia.com/law/legal-and-political-magazines/guilty-plea-plea-bargaining]

Alschuler, 2002 - Professor of Law at Northwestern University

400,346

1

1,987

1,141

478,875

6,170

AFF Answers

Biotech Impacts

AT: Food Shortage Impacts

No protectionism – the U.S. will never abandon free trade--institutions and self-interest check

Ikenson, 09 – director of Cato's Center for Trade Policy Studies (Daniel, Center for Trade Policy Studies, Free Trade Bulletin 37, “A protectionism fling”, http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=10651)

Ikenson, 09

162,316

31

3,572

1,142

668,647

13,730

1nc

Bioweapons DA

null

Bioweapons kill more people through the spreading of disease, meaning that bio war is worse than nuclear war.

Piers Millett 17, PhD, is a Senior Research Fellow @ Oxford, “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity”, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576214/

Millett 17

2,127

1,722

6,034

1,143

1,854,702

54,455

Yale Round 3 1NC

Cap K

1NC – Link

The identification of particular manifestations of racism mystifies the ideology of neoliberal capitalism continuing global systemic violence and ontological violence

Zalloua 20

833,226

5

15,162

1,144

1,854,735

54,455

Yale Round 3 1NC

Elections DA

1NC (generic)

Trump has the edge over Biden on CJR – a second reform is key

SAEN 9/6

832,950

4

4,853

1,145

505,350

6,515

Kentucky Round 3 Wiki

2AC

Case

Nation-states don’t make conflict inevitable—empirics on our side

George Ritzer & Zeynep Atalay, 2010, Distinguished University Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park & University of Maryland, College Park, PhD Candidate in Sociology, Readings in Globalization: Key Concepts and Major Debates, 261

Ritzer & Atalay, 2010

118,372

6

2,088

1,146

670,371

13,815

1nc

Offs

DA

extinction – mathematically outweighs, even if they win mitigation.

Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed

Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17

2,127

1,722

8,517

1,147

505,524

6,518

Northwestern Round 2 Wiki

1NR

Case

Needs a 45% global reduction

McGuire 22 – Bill McGuire is Professor Emeritus of Geophysical and Climate Hazards at University College London, a co-director of the New Weather Institute and was a contributor to the 2012 IPCC report on climate change and extreme events. Bill McGuire, July 28 2022, Hothouse Earth: An Inhabitant’s Guide.

McGuire 22

313,530

2

1,254

1,148

479,643

6,181

**Proxy War**

Hezbollah Module

2NC IL – Terror

Hezbollah active now and most likely scenario for terrorism

US Fed News Service, 13 (US Fed News Service, Fast accurate verbatim transcripts for political events in Washington Including US State News, 6-1-13, “BACKGROUND BRIEFING BY SENIOR ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS ON IRAN, THE IRGC, AND HEZBOLLAH'S INCREASED TERRORIST ACTIVITY WORLDWIDE”, ProQuest//ACK)

300,349

2

4,734

1,149

670,431

13,819

1ac

Advantage

method

The ROB is to evaluate the consequences of the 1AC - anything else is irresponsible and escapes valuable discussions.

Bracey 6 Christopher A. Bracey, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318

41,912

638

1,683

1,150

1,134,079

27,885

1AR

Adv 2

AT – nano

Fuel --- can’t self replicate, but if they can it doesn’t cause extinction

Shere 16 (Jeremy Shere, “Grey Goo Attack”, 4/2/2016, http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/grey-goo-attack-2/)

48,398

42

1,664

1,151

506,367

6,540

1NC

K

null

The alternative is a practice and economy of refusal which refuses the 1AC as an instantiation of the coloniality of Being, as a cultivation of colonial subjectivity both in form and content. This is the only way towards a decolonial otherwise of the academy—we control the internal link to every framework argument.

Zembylas 21 (Michalinos, Professor of Educational Theory and Curriculum Studies, “Refusal as Affective and Pedagogical Practice in Higher Education Decolonization: A Modest Proposal,” Teaching in Higher Education 26, no. 7-8, p. 955-959) NIJ

Zembylas 21 ) NIJ

286,350

16

17,293

1,152

670,410

13,818

1nc

Offs

Util

1] anything else is irresponsible and escapes valuable discussions.

Bracey 6 Christopher A. Bracey, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318

Bracey 6

41,912

638

1,683

1,153

1,188,345

29,068

null

Wildfires Advantage

1NC Fire

Impacts exaggerated—studies prove fires not increasing in probability or magnitude

Doerr and Santin 16 (Stefan and Cristina, Geography Department, Swansea University. 2016 Global trends in wildfire and its impacts: perceptions versus realities in a changing world. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 371: 20150345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0345. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstb.2015.0345)tjf

Doerr and Santin 16

571,487

3

3,682

1,154

506,700

6,552

Northwestern r3 – Aff vs Georgetown CH

2AC

AI Spillover DA

No Personhood Link — Inventorship doesn’t require establishing it.

Russ Pearlman 18, Russ Pearlman is Executive Vice President at Headstorm LLC, a technology consulting firm, Recognizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) as Authors and Inventors Under U.S. Intellectual Property Law, 24 Rich. J. L. & Tech. no. 2, 2018, https://jolt.richmond.edu/recognizing-artificial-intelligence-ai-as-authors-and-inventors-under-u-s-intellectual-property-law/

Pearlman 18

314,048

4

2,803

1,155

1,133,958

27,887

1AC – Icebreakers

1AC – Framing

1AC – Solvency

Presenting concrete solutions can improve critique without cooption---alternatives must scale up solvency to match impacts.

Visoka 19 [Gëzim; Associate Professor of Peace and Conflict Studies at Dublin City University; December 2019; “Critique and Alternativity in International Relations”; International Studies Review; Volume 21; Issue 4; 678-704; Recut-Lowell-TT]

Visoka 19

1,560

75

21,200

1,156

479,955

6,185

null

AT: CASE OFFENSE

AT: Security Good

Security policy makes the impossible plausable

Kessler 2008 (Oliver Kessler, Sociology at University of Bielefeld, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” Alternatives 33 (2008), 211-232 accesed 7/18/13 DG)

Kessler 08 7/18/13 DG)

10,122

905

2,261

1,157

670,514

13,823

1nc

Offs

ROB

Abstraction is bad and a focus on the material consequences is the only way to uphold morality.

Bracey 6 Christopher A. Bracey, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318

Bracey 6

41,912

638

1,683

1,158

506,856

6,555

null

1AC

1AC — Superintelligence

Mind-crime is an independent impact even if AI is not super-intelligent. AI will simulate trillions of human consciousness to experiment on and then destroy. This is equivalent to genocide.

Bostrom 14 (Nick, Director, Future of Humanity Institute Professor, Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School University of Oxford, “Superintelligence”, Chapter 8)

Bostrom 14

9,634

13

1,747

1,159

670,643

13,829

1nc

Offs

Da

extinction – mathematically outweighs, even if they win mitigation.

Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed

Millett & Snyder-Beattie ‘17

2,127

1,722

8,517

1,160

480,057

6,184

Cuba Terror List Aff

Summit of the Americas Adv.

Links

The summit is key to the global economy

Inter-American Development Bank ‘12 [Inter-American Development Bank, “First CEO Summit of the Americas calls for greater economic cooperation among Western Hemisphere nations”, Apr 14 2012, http://www.iadb.org/en/news/news-releases/2012-04-14/ceo-summit-of-the-americas,9952.html]

Inter-American Development Bank ‘12

300,460

2

6,451

1,161

670,995

13,847

null

Offs

DA

And, Extinction – mathematically outweighs, even if they win mitigation.

Millett & Snyder-Beattie 17. Millett, Ph.D., Senior Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford; and Snyder-Beattie, M.S., Director of Research, Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. 08-01-2017. “Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity,” Health Security, 15(4), PubMed

Millett & Snyder-Beattie 17

2,127

1,722

8,517

1,162

671,822

13,886

Case F/Ls

Contention 3: Vision 2030

AT Proliferation Bad

Bioattack risks extinction—outweighs nuclear war

Anders Sandberg et al., James Martin Research Fellow, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, "How Can We Reduce the Risk of Human Extinction?" BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS, 9-9-08, http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction, accessed 5-2-10.

Sandberg 08

21,354

875

1,273

1,163

338,085

4,296

2015 NDI 6WS -- AT: K

Reps Defense

China method defense

Rising power

Friedberg 11 (Aaron L. Friedberg served from 2003 to 2005 in the office of the Vice President of the United States as deputy assistant for national-security affairs and director of policy planningpeer reviewed The Future of U.S.-China Relations: Is Conflict Inevitable? http://www3.nccu.edu.tw/~lorenzo/Friedberg%20US%20China%20Relations.pdf)(AC)

Friedberg 11

173,592

7

2,402

1,164

507,434

6,569

3

null

Legal personhood is structured by a colonial anthropos, which means appeals to “sameness” as a basis for animal rights only reinforces the logic of capital expansion and intensifies violence along the human/animal divide.

Deckha ‘21

314,247

11

19,095

1,165

672,215

13,908

null

1AC

Advantage 1 Is Automation

Income inequality causes economic decline and political instability.

Harkinson 11 (Josh Harkinson. Born in Texas and based in San Francisco, Josh covers tech, labor, drug policy, and the environment. “Study: Income Inequality Kills Economic Growth”. 10-4-2011. Mother Jones. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/10/study-income-inequality-kills-economic-growth/) //TruLe

Harkinson 11 //TruLe

349,689

77

3,661

1,166

507,486

6,572

1NC

FP

Algorithmic personhood ensures regulatory capture and ineffective regulation, similar to corporate personhood – the issue is not an ontological one, but an issue of the consequences algorithms have on social inequality

New pandemics cause extinction

Ord 20, [edited extract from The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity by Toby Ord, published by Bloomsbury, Why we need worst-case thinking to prevent pandemics, March 6, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/mar/06/worst-case-thinking-prevent-pandemics-coronavirus-existential-risk]

Ord 20

996

728

11,146

1,167

507,586

6,577

Next, Fetal Personhood:

Nature

1NC – Warming (Geoengineering)

New pandemics cause extinction

Ord 20, [edited extract from The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity by Toby Ord, published by Bloomsbury, Why we need worst-case thinking to prevent pandemics, March 6, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/mar/06/worst-case-thinking-prevent-pandemics-coronavirus-existential-risk]

Ord 20

996

728

11,146

1,168

478,297

6,163

Info/Internal Stuff

**Links**

Links/Internals: Plan Forces T/Off

The plan exceeds the aid budget – that forces a budget tradeoff

Alliage, 13 - Staff Writer at Devex (John, “Sequestration’s effect on US aid”, 3/2, https://www.devex.com/en/news/sequestration-s-effect-on-us-aid/80420)//AR

Alliage, 13

301,110

6

2,874

1,169

478,285

6,163

Info/Internal Stuff

**Links**

Links: Aid Forces T/Off

The plan exceeds the aid budget – that forces a budget tradeoff

Alliage, 13 - Staff Writer at Devex (John, “Sequestration’s effect on US aid”, 3/2, https://www.devex.com/en/news/sequestration-s-effect-on-us-aid/80420)//AR

Alliage, 13

301,110

6

2,874

1,170

481,420

6,207

Venezuela---Pressure

Solvency

2NC---Solves Corruption/Democracy

Threatening economic pressure solves democratization—Guatemala proves

Collins ‘9 (Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science and International

Collins ‘9

301,251

1

1,011

1,171

672,760

13,965

null

3

null

Demands upon the academy to alleviate suffering are colonialist parasitism – which feeds a colonial logic of violent interventionism.

Jayan Nayar, law prof at the University of Warwick, 12-15-2012, The Politics of Hope and the Other-in-the-World: Thinking Exteriority, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10978-012-9115-8/fulltext.html

Nayar 2012

402,889

23

8,906

1,172

1,140,590

28,059

OFF

SET COL

1AC—Solvency

Pessimism actively reifies settler dominance – Framing settler colonialism through a totalizing lens makes indigenous liberation impossible by setting the terms of victory as all-or-nothing

Busbridge 18 Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018, dml)

22,868

653

9,305

1,173

301,978

3,853

Ks

Neolib

AT Wilkie 2ar

3. This comes with the evidence vagueness – they don’t take into account the fact that we’re only opening this stretch of the border to the Tohono so that they can access cultural sites SOUTH of the border. Their ev assumes we’re trying to get people from less-developed countries and incorporate them into our American neoliberal economy.

null

193,394

1

null

1,174

1,866,698

54,912

null

2

All forms of oppression have material causes and therefore are necessarily shaped by the compulsions of capitalism.

Helen Scott, Prof PostColonial Lit & Theory @ U Vennont, 2006 "Reading the Text in its Worldly Situation: Marxism, Imperialism, and Contemporary Caribbean Women's Literature", Postcolonial Text, 2.1, http://postcolonial.org/index. php/pctlarticle/view Artic1e/49 1 / 174

Scott 2006

837,175

1

4,738

1,175

509,049

6,640

null

1nc---Academy K

null

Academia de-fangs the 1AC — Radical thought doesn’t get forcefully pushed out of this space, it gets sanitized and redeployed to justify the continued existence of neoliberal structures – The aff will get co-opted in this process.

Occupied UC Berkeley 9 (The Necrosocial: Civic Life, Social Death, and the UC; http://anticapitalprojects.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/the-necrosocial/, 11/19 //shree)

Occupied UC Berkeley 9

1,058

306

4,550

1,176

481,302

6,206

Impact

Top Level

Turns Case---Foreign Aid---2NC

US aid gets rejected by the country and congress---only Chinese assistance is sustainable

Roett et al 8 (Professor Riordan Roett is a Brazil expert at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies in Washington. “China's Expansion Into the Western Hemisphere: Implications for Latin America and the United States,” Google Books)

Roett et al 8 “China's Expansion Into the Western Hemisphere: Implications for Latin America and the United States,” Google Books)

301,179

1

2,506

1,177

481,430

6,208

Consult Brazil CP

2NC

Brazil will say YES – Generic

Brazil wants consultation before US action in Latin America

Hakim 10 (Peter, president emeritus and senior fellow of the Inter-American Dialogue, a Washington-based think tank on Western Hemisphere affairs, “US-Brazil Relations: Expect More Conflict”, Inter-American Dialogue, October 21, http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32&pubID=2490)

Hakim 10

280,101

3

794

1,178

1,601,198

46,615

null

2

1NC – Paradigm Issues – Short

5 – Moral uncertainty – if we’re unsure about which interpretation of the world is true – we ought to preserve the world to keep debating about it

null

755,737

1

null

1,179

171,700

2,248

*****Neg*****

Advantages

A2 Warming

Adaptation solves

Contescu 12 – Professor Emeritus of Geology and Geography at Roosevelt University, Ph.D. (Lorin, "600 MILION YEARS OF CLIMATE CHANGE; A CRITIQUE OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC GLOBAL WARMING HYPOTESIS FROM A TIME-SPACE PERSPECTIVE”, Geo-Eco-Marina, 2012, Issue 18, pgs. 5-25, peer reviewed, Proquest, RSpec)

Contescu 12

114,456

4

1,349

1,180

482,300

6,222

Cuban Economy Advantage

1AC

null

Lifting the embargo immediately enhances Cuba’s economy and motivates political reform

Griswold, 2005 (Daniel, director of the Cato Institute's Center for Trade Policy Studies, Four Decades of Failure: The U.S. Embargo against Cuba, Cato Institute, October 12, 2005, http://www.cato.org/publications/speeches/four-decades-failure-us-embargo-against-cuba)

Griswold, 2005

280,145

19

2,380

1,181

673,126

14,010

1nc

Offs

4

Bioweapons cause extinction – defense doesn’t assume biotech and modifications.

Millett, 17 - PhD, is a Senior Research Fellow at Oxford (Piers, Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5576214/)

Millett, 17

2,127

1,722

6,034

1,182

482,424

6,220

Add-Ons

Kerry Cred (WIP)

Kerry Add-On---2AC

The Plan would be a big win for Relations and Kerry

Miroff, ’13 [1/2/13, Nick Miroff covers Cuba for GlobalPost, “Can Kerry make friends with Cuba?”, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/cuba/121231/kerry-cuba-secretary-of-state-obama]

Miroff, ’13

275,284

12

2,489

1,183

509,677

6,662

1ac

null

Adv 1: Disease

Bioterror leads to extinction---there’s motive AND means

Ord 20, research fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, has advised the World Health Organization, the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, and the UK Prime Minister’s Office and Cabinet Office. (Toby, 3-6-2020, "Why we need worst-case thinking to prevent pandemics", The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/mar/06/worst-case-thinking-prevent-pandemics-coronavirus-existential-risk)

Ord 20

996

728

8,137

1,184

673,387

14,044

null

Off

The alternative lodges a radical demand to inhabit the groundlessness of unsovereignty in order to disrupt the ontological basis of anti-blackness and its accompanying settler colonial ambitions – this requires rejecting the affirmative in order to push their demand for recognition into dissolution – this radicalizes the affirmative project at the very point where it is no longer recognizable to itself

Sexton 16 (Jared Sexton, associate professor of African American Studies at UC Irvine, associate professor of Film and Media Studies at UC Irvine, PhD in ethnic studies from UC Berkeley, July 2016, “The Vel of Slavery: Tracking the Figure of the Unsovereign,” Critical Sociology Volume 42 Numbers 4-5, modified) gz

Sexton 16

39,997

41

5,229

1,185

673,459

14,056

null

1AC

null

Poison Ivy is the embodiment of the feminine spirit of nature, the response to the systemic violence waged against it by the dominance of rationality and masculinity.

Checkett 01(John-David [Master of Arts, Florida Atlantic University] “The Green Goddess returns: Batman's Poison Ivy as a symbol of emerging ecofeminist consciousness”) //TB A primal force underlies the natural world. Generative, nurturing, lifegiving as well as life-taking, its existence is recognized by most ecofeminists and is widely regarded as being essentially feminine (see for example Susan Griffin’s Woman and Nature: The Roaring Within Her. 1980; most o f Mary Daly’s work, especially 1978’s Gvn/Ecologv and 1984’s Pure Lust, as well as Vandana Shiva’s work on the feminine principle in nature in 1988 and in later works). As noted in the previous chapter of this thesis, She is variously regarded as the feminine principle in nature, the Great Cosmic Mother (Sjoo and Mor, 1989/1993) and/or some combination of the two. This Goddess, who was evidently revered in various forms throughout the ancient world, has not, predictably, received comparable treatment since the advent of widespread patriarchal structures. ‘Female power, as represented by the new worldview in which the figure of the femme fatale — the Sirens, Harpies, witches of myth — was feared and controlled” (Leeming and Page 1994:88). Yet despite an untold number of distortions and degradations, the Goddess has never been banished forever from human consciousness. I will argue that she qualifies as an authentic archetype, an intrinsic part of the human mind. As such, it is impossible to erase Her altogether from human awareness; She will inevitably appear at some times in some form, although perhaps in a degraded form. One place, among others, where she can be found is that vast repository of human imagination known as popular culture, in the form of the femme fatale. It is my contention that the content of popular culture is essentially the equivalent of the manifest content of an individual person’s dream, and can be interpreted similarly. Building upon work which identifies the femme fatale in popular culture as a degraded or shadow form of the Goddess (e.g., Leeming and Page 1994; Pam Keesy 1998, and others), we find in one particular femme fatale — my subject, the popular culture figure known as Poison Ivy — both the familiar Goddess powers of sex (life) and death, along with another layer as well. Ivy is also the defender, advocate, and avenger of all plant life and, by extension, the natural world in general. Like dreams, the stories involving her symbolically reflect the culture’s attitudes towards what she represents, and indicate how to go about solving our problems. Amidst the vast array of femme fatales which permeate popular culture, it would appear that none recaptures as much of the essence (Quintessence?) of the Goddess as Poison Ivy. While other femme fatales are chiefly noted for being both sexy and dangerous, Poison Ivy’s additional aspect, as a representative of the Earth and the powers of nature identifies her as perhaps the most complete manifestation of the Great Green Goddess within American culture to date. Ivy can clearly be seen to hold potential, even unique significance to feminism in general and ecofeminism in particular, and so an ecofeminist analysis of Poison Ivy is the focus o f the third and final chapter of this thesis.

Checkett 01(John-David [Master of Arts, Florida Atlantic University] “The Green Goddess returns: Batman's Poison Ivy as a symbol of emerging ecofeminist consciousness”) //TB

403,290

1

932

1,186

509,731

6,663

1NC

1NC --- OFF

OFF

The rights of AI are the rights of AI to labor – that drives infinite digital accumulation and turns all of humanity into surplus population – extinction.

Dyer-Witheford 19 [Nick Dyer-Witheford, Atle Mikkola Kjøsen, and James Steinhoff, * associate professor and associate dean of the faculty of Information and Media Studies at University of Western Ontario, ** Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Information and Media Studies at the University of Western Ontario, *** PhD Candidate in the Faculty of Information and Media Studies at the University of Western Ontario, “Inhuman Power: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Capitalism,” 2019, Pluto Press, pp. 135-144]

Dyer-Witheford 19

314,456

5

19,375

1,187

483,226

6,231

**CASE**

Democracy Advantage

1AC Advantage

Terrorism causes extinction

Morgan, 9 - Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin Campus - South Korea

Morgan, 9 -

88,812

112

3,891

1,188

1,189,165

29,105

1AC---Midamerica---RQuarts

1AC---PTD---Midamerica

1AC---ADV---PTD---Midamerica

Applying the doctrine to federal waters and territorial seas embeds it into international law — solves multiple converging crisis in space, seas and Antarctica

Boudreau, 17 (Thomas Boudreau, Ph.D., Salisbury University, 2017, accessed on 8-15-2021, Environmental and Earth Law Journal (EELJ): Vol. 7 : Iss. 1 , Article 2., "The Earth's Atmosphere As A Global Trust: Establishing Proportionate State Responsibility To Maintain, Restore And Sustain The Global Atmosphere", https://lawpublications.barry.edu/ejejj/vol7/iss1/2/, HBisevac)

Boudreau, 17

33,698

126

8,333

1,189

484,058

6,241

Impacts

1NC

Human Rights

This system of control leads to the worst abuses of human rights – we support the worst dictators as long as they’re good for American market interests – and all empirics flow neg

Kieh 12 (George Klay Kieh, Jr., Professor of Political Science at the University of West Georgia, Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of West Georgia, Dean of International Affairs and Professor of Political Science and African and African American Studies at Grand Valley State University, Chair of the Department of Political Science and Professor of Political Science and International Studies at Morehouse College, Atlanta, Georgia, and has published extensively on issues relating to security studies, foreign policy, the state, democratization, political economy, development studies, and regional and global institutions, “Neo-Colonialism: American Foreign Policy and the First Liberian Civil War”, The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.5, no.1, March 2012, pp. 177, )

Kieh 12

302,741

2

5,810

1,190

510,193

6,674

2AC

AT: K---CAP

2AC---Impact

Growth increases stability and disincentivizes conflict and expansionism---decline causes war.

Szayna et al 17, Research department director of the Defense and Political Sciences Department and a senior political scientist at the RAND Corporation. He has over 30 years of experience in national security policy and defense analysis. From 1997 to 2011 he served as associate director of the Strategy, Doctrine, and Resources Program in RAND's Army Research Division. His research has focused on aspects of strategic planning for the U.S. armed forces, post-conflict stability and reconstruction operations, and coalition interoperability. He gave testimony for the U.S. House of Representatives and has been a keynote speaker at a number of defense conferences. Szayna received a B.A. in history and philosophy from Villanova University and an M.A. in international relations from Claremont Graduate School. Also Angela O’Mahony, Jennifer Kavanagh, Stephen Watts, Bryan Frederick, Tova C. Norlen, Phoenix Voorhies. (“Conflict Trends and Conflict Drivers: An Empirical Assessment of Historical Conflict Patterns and Future Conflict Projections”. 2017. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1063.html)

Szayna et al 17

66,151

42

13,829

1,191

673,799

14,074

NEG

2NC

Warming

No impact to even unchecked warming---best data is based on observations, not models and predicts warming will stay within the harmless range

Matt Ridley 13, Ph.D. in Zoology from Oxford, worked for the Economist for nine years as science editor, Washington correspondent and American editor, fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and of the Academy of Medical Sciences, and a foreign honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 9/17/13, “Dialing Back the Alarm on Climate Change,” http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324549004579067532485712464?mod=trending_now_1&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424127887324549004579067532485712464.html%3Fmod%3Dtrending_now_1

Ridley 13

129,173

27

7,129

1,192

510,261

6,676

null

1NC

2

Focusing on individualism leaves the 1AC divided and conquered.

Dean, 16 [Jodi Dean, political philosopher and professor in the Political Science department at Hobart and William Smith Colleges, “Crowds and Party,” 2016, verso books]//Townes

Dean, 16

68,214

129

9,887

1,193

484,149

6,241

Other Blocks

1NC

AT: Squo Solves/World is getting better

Exploitation and the expansion of capitalism are ongoing – even if some things are getting better, the system is still broken

Escobar 04 (Arturo Escobar, Colombian-American anthropologist, PhD in development philosophy, “Beyond the Third World: Imperial Globality, Global Coloniality, and Anti-Globalization Social Movements”, Third World Quarterly, February 2004, Vol 25, No 1, pp. 207-230, //Evan)

Escobar 04

302,800

1

1,854

1,194

484,151

6,238

***CASE***

Democracy Advantage

Ext. Demo Promo I/L

Internet use key to democracy promotion

Drake et al 00 (William J. Drake was a Senior Associate and the Director of the Project on the Information Revolution and World Politics at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Shanthi Kalathil specializes in the political impact of information and communication technology (ICT). Her research focuses on the impact of ICT in authoritarian regimes, the global digital divide, and security issues in the information age. Taylor Boas is a Project Associate with the Project on the Information Revolution and World Politics. “Dictatorships in the Digital Age: Some Considerations on the Internet in China and Cuba” <http://carnegieendowment.org/2000/10/23/dictatorships-in-digital-age-some-considerations-on-internet-in-china-and-cuba/4e9e>) NM

Drake et al 00 (

281,554

2

1,456

1,195

3,306,689

108,930

1AC vs Beckman KM

1AC

Solvency

US is model for global transparency

Stiglitz, PhD/Nobel Prize Winner, 99

1,390,555

13

790

1,196

484,881

6,255

Hegemony Bad Supplement

null

Hegemony Causes China War

U.S. Hegemony forced Russia and China goes nuclear

Roberts, 07 [Paul Craig, congressional staff, creators.com, 8/11/07, http://www.creators.com/opinion/paul-craig-roberts/u-s-hegemony-spawns-russian-chinese-military-alliance.html]

Roberts, 07

142,925

21

910

1,197

484,997

6,256

Aff Answers

AT Brain Drain

Squo Solves Asteroids

Status quo solves—NASA is increasing surveys and detection now.

Wall, ‘11 [6/3/11, Mike Wall is a writer for Fox News, “truck sized asteroid has close encounter with earth”, www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/06/03/truck-sized-asteroid-has-close-encounter-with-earth/]

Wall, ‘11 11, Mike Wall is a writer for Fox News, “truck sized asteroid has close encounter with earth”, www.foxnews.com/scitech/2011/06/03/truck-sized-asteroid-has-close-encounter-with-earth/]

303,358

2

1,361

1,198

673,985

14,082

NEG

2NC/1NR

AT Yaffe

Their evidence says FERC needs to clarify guidelines

Yaffe 10 (David Yaffe, adjunct professor of energy law at The George Washington University Law School, litigator in front of the FERC. “Are State Renewable Feed-In-Tariff Initiatives Truly Throttled by Federal Statutes After the FERC California Decision?” The Electricity Journal, Vol. 3 Issue 8 pp.9-16 October 2010) swap

Yaffe 10

403,551

17

2,026

1,199

174,000

2,268

Farmworkers Aff

***Solvency

Permanent Status Solves

Legalization and management change attracts workers- Farm owners willing to comply

Martin 17 [PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1975. His research focuses on: immigration, farm labor, and economic development. Editor of Migration News and Rural Migration News at USC Davis, Chair of UC Comparative Immigration & Integration Program at USC, Davis, “Immigration Policy and Agriculture: Possible Directions for the Future.” Web. Retrieved from http://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/docview/1886918586?accountid=14667, accessed 7/11/2018]

Martin 17

115,976

1

1,812