Yusuf5/OpenCaselistTMP · Datasets at Hugging Face

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1,200	129,156	1,759	court politics da	link	2nc – at: link turn	Negative reactions overwhelm any positive benefit that the Court could achieve	Friedman 05 (Barry, Jacob D. Fuchsberg Professor of Law and Affiliated Professor of Politics at NYU Law School. “The Politics of Judicial Review,” Texas Law Review, 84 Tex. L. Rev. 257, December 2005, Lexis)	Friedman 05	56,449	11	1,395
1,201	674,041	14,085	Neg	1NC	K	Market logic has a stranglehold on our thinking, making alternatives appear unrealistic. Breaking with neoclassical assumptions is a crucial prior question to avoid error replication	Spaulding, JD Candidate, 97	Spaulding, JD Candidate, 97	403,442	23	6,399
1,202	511,072	6,696	1NC	1NC — Case	1NC — Settler Colonialism Totalizing	No totalizing theories of power — colonialism is contingent	Busbridge, 18—Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018, dml)	Busbridge, 18	22,868	653	2,768
1,203	486,206	6,274	NDI 2013 – 6WS – Mexico Energy Aff Addendum	Economy	a/t: no Mexican state collapse	it’s possible—yes this card is old but it’s about the structural possibility for state failure in Mexico	Friedman 08 – George Friedman is the Chairman of Stratfor, a company he founded in 1996 that is now a leader in the field of global intelligence. (“Mexico: On the Road to a Failed State?” May 13, 2008, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/mexico_road_failed_state)	Friedman 08	304,171	1	3,922
1,204	486,518	6,272	null	Energy Aff	Solvency - US key	US has the best technology to extract shale gas	Daly 6-24-13 (John - staff writer, http://www.economonitor.com/blog/2013/06/eia-report-u-s-1-in-shale-gas-reserves-russia-1-in-shale-oil-reserves)coles	null	304,316	1	791
1,205	1,189,360	29,144	2NC---New Trier---R4	1NC---Case	1NC---PTD ADV	2---Political education.	Lessig ’14 [Lawrence; May 30; Professor of Law and Leadership at Harvard University, Director of Harvard’s Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics; The Atlantic, “A Real Step to Fix Democracy,” https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/05/a-real-step-to-fix-democracy/371898/]	Lessig ’14	542,203	15	448
1,206	512,326	6,720	1NR	DA---Biomedical Innovation	AT: Testing Turn---1NR	Animals are inevitably necessary and can never be fully replaced	Kinter et al. ’21 — Lewis B. Kinter (Principal, GLP Scientific Consulting; Ph.D., Medical Psychology, Harvard Medical School); “A Brief Historyr of Use of Animals in Biomedical Research and Perspective on Non-Animal Alternatives;” ILAR Journal, Vol. 62, No. 1-2; 2021; Oxford Academic, Accessed via KU Libraries	Kinter et al. ’21	316,496	2	2,408
1,207	674,784	14,112	2AC	Elections DA	AT: CO2 Ag	Climate change makes economic growth unsustainable	Worland, 15 – TIME magazine (Justin, Climate Change Could Wreck the Global Economy, http://time.com/4082328/climate-change-economic-impact/)	Worland, 15	72,008	41	1,992
1,208	675,432	14,142	null	null	Elections	Immigration reform solves ag – labor force	Mike Wilson, Aug 31 2015, Farm Futures "Why immigration reform matters to agriculture," No Publication, http://farmfutures.com/story-why-immigration-reform-matters-0-131568	Wilson 15	404,087	1	2,980
1,209	515,135	6,795	1NC	Patent Law ADV	Innovation---1NC	Food disruptions are temporary and adaptable AND war turns the case	Gene Tunny 12, Economic Consultant, Trading as Adept Economics, Former Consultant with the Commonwealth Treasury, “Should We Worry About Food Security?”, Queensland Economy Watch, 7/9/2012, https://queenslandeconomywatch.com/2012/07/09/should-we-worry-about-food-security/	Tunny 12	179,583	22	2,344
1,210	3,959,420	133,874	1AC	1AC---Blockchain	1AC---FTC ADV	1. UPDATING.	null	null	1,619,804	1	null
1,211	1,855,375	54,476	Main Advantage- Jail Bonds	Framework	null	In this round, we should prioritize ongoing issues with the justice system	Jackson ’12 (Richard; 8/5/12; Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Canterbury, Professor of Peace Studies at the University of Otago, Director of the National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, former senior lecturer at the University of Manchester; Richard Jackson Terrorism Blog, “The Great Con of National Security,” https://richardjacksonterrorismblog.wordpress.com/2012/08/05/the-great-con-of-national-security/; RP)	Jackson ’12	10,122	905	11,902
1,212	2,580,514	82,811	1NC	Off	T	USFG should coop with China to open source SSA data - lets activist take down the satellites	null	null	1,131,359	1	null
1,213	675,961	14,164	1NC	OFF	4	Market logic has a stranglehold on our thinking, making alternatives appear unrealistic. Breaking with neoclassical assumptions is a crucial prior question to avoid error replication	*GREEN	*GREEN	403,442	23	6,427
1,214	395,965	5,151	NEPA Good	2NC Solvency	General	NEPA review ensures effective outcomes and better policymaking – arguments to the contrary are the result of salty bureaucrats	Dreher 5 - Robert G. Dreher is the Deputy Executive Director of the Georgetown Environmental Law & Policy Institute. He served as Deputy General Counsel of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency from 1996 to 2000. Mr. Dreher has represented citizens groups, tribes and businesses in environmental matters in private practice and as a staff attorney for the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund (now Earthjustice). He teaches Natural Resources Law at the George Washington University Law School and at Georgetown University Law Center. He is a graduate of Yale Law School. “NEPA UNDER SIEGE,” http://www.arcticgas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2005-nepaundersiege.pdf, 7/17/14 BRoche	Dreher 5 - Robert G. Dreher is the Deputy Executive Director of the Georgetown Environmental Law & Policy Institute. He served as Deputy General Counsel of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency from 1996 to 2000. Mr. Dreher has represented citizens groups, tribes and businesses in environmental matters in private practice and as a staff attorney for the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund (now Earthjustice). He teaches Natural Resources Law at the George Washington University Law School and at Georgetown University Law Center. He is a graduate of Yale Law School. “NEPA UNDER SIEGE,” , 7/17/14 BRoche	252,063	6	968
1,215	1,162,635	28,558	1AC---Mexico	OFF	2AC---T---In US	Its means associated with	Oxford Dictionaries Online, No Date (“Its”, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/its?view=uk)	Oxford Dictionaries Online, No Date	14,875	66	220
1,216	106,692	1,531	United States	null	United States – USA	"United States" means the sovereign state called the "United States"	Ballentine's 95 (Legal Dictionary and Thesaurus, p. 689)	Ballentine's 95	16,262	12	64
1,217	515,918	6,832	null	1NC	1NC --- Case	The university, including debate, is only a sight of social death---that turns case.	Occupied UC Berkeley 09 ~"The Necrosocial: Civic Life, Social Death, and the UC.	Occupied UC Berkeley 09	1,058	306	6,908
1,218	516,505	6,846	Kentucky---R3---Disclosure	2AC	2AC---AT: K	Non-Unique—commodification’s inevitable—refusing to exercise dissent within classrooms naturalizes violence through submission.	OUCB 9. Occupied UC Berkeley, The Necrosocial: Civic Life, Social Death, and the UC; http://anticapitalprojects.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/the-necrosocial/, 11/19	OUCB 9	1,058	306	5,192
1,219	257,965	3,226	DA	Elections DA	2NC – Iran !	Trump has vowed to slash the Iran deal immediately, which will cause huge negative backlash in the region.’	Toosi, 15 (Nahal Toosi, foreign affairs correspondent at POLITICO, “How a Republican president could kill the Iran deal,” Politico Magazine, 7-14-15, “http://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/gop-president-iran-deal-kill-120077,” accessed 7-13-16, AG)	Toosi, 15	163,132	38	1,196
1,220	3,255,936	106,318	2AC	AT: Offcase	2AC – AT: Farm Bill – TL	No deal- conference fails to overcome broad differences over bill and fights on SNAP and conservation	Scott and Hurley 18 - Associate Legislative Directors (Author and Eryn, Naco, 7/9/18, Congress Advances farm bill, http://www.naco.org/articles/congress-advances-farm-bill, 7/12/18, DB)	Scott and Hurley 18	116,327	3	4,196
1,221	488,855	6,311	Other Advantages	Energy Diplomacy	Energy	De-escalation is key to prevent Arctic conflicts from going nuclear – draws in major powers	Wallace and Staples 10 (Michael Wallace and Steven Staples. *Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia and President of the Rideau Institute in Ottawa “Ridding the Arctic of Nuclear Weapons: A Task Long Overdue,”http://www.arcticsecurity.org/docs/arctic-nuclear-report-web.pdf)	Wallace and Staples 10	54,061	127	3,687
1,222	677,134	14,186	1NR	Oil	AT: Oil Consumption Inev in Short Term	Low-carbon policies lock in low oil prices --- depresses value by 30-50%.	Per Klevnäs, Nicholas Stern, and Jana Frejova, May 2015. Stockholm Environment Institute and New Climate Economy; London School of Economics; and ** New Climate Economy. “OIL PRICES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY,” The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate, http://2014.newclimateeconomy.report/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Oil-prices-and-the-New-Climate-Economy.pdf.	Klevnäs Stern and Frejova 2015	404,718	20	599
1,223	677,168	14,190	1NR	Politics	2NC – Terror	Protectionism motivates terror – goes nuclear – ends the word	Kegl and Virtue, 9/23/15- both are journalists in London [Agnes Kegl, Rob Virtue, 9/23/15, “Migrant crisis and Euro tensions threaten to trigger catastrophic conflict claim experts,” http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/607158/World-War-3-Experts-raise-fears-migrant-crisis-could-lead-to-catastrophic-scenario] *citing a US economist and former William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy in the Center for Strategic and International Studies at Georgetown (Dr. Paul Roberts) and a renowned American trend forecaster and publisher of an internationally distributed quarterly Trends Journal (Gerald Celente)\	Kegl and Virtue, 9/23/15	67,173	55	5,754
1,224	447,766	5,792	Venezuela Links	Engagement	Political Capitala – Republicans	Engagement unpopular – The U.S. wants Venezuela to make the first move	De Córdoba & Muñoz, Wall Street Journal, 13 [José de Córdoba and Sara Muñoz, Staff writers covering Latin America, January 11th 2013, The Wall Street Journal, “Venezuela, U.S. Start Talks to Mend Ties,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324581504578235911777903292.html, Accessed 7/7/13, CB]	De Córdoba & Muñoz, Wall Street Journal, 13	305,614	14	2,412
1,225	488,054	6,301	Venezuela	Energy Investment	2NC	Investment in Venezuelan oil is unpopular in Congress – GOP mistrust.	Jose de Córdoba1 and Sara Muñoz2, 1-11-2013, Latin American Studies at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts, School of Journalism @ Columbia University, NY, reporter at the Wall Street Journal1, reporter at the Wall Street Journal, no I refuse to make a Linkedin account to find this person’s quals, sorry2, “Venezuela, U.S. Start Talks to Mend Ties,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324581504578235911777903292.html	de Córdoba and Muñoz 13 , “Venezuela, U.S. Start Talks to Mend Ties,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324581504578235911777903292.html	305,614	14	1,775
1,226	516,929	6,855	2NC---Round 6---Kentucky	Adv---Torts	Torts---Laundry List---2NC	More evidence.	Ord ’20 [Toby; 2020; Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford; “The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity,” Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]	Ord ’20	996	728	4,210
1,227	518,230	6,881	1AR	K	Yampolskiy	They’ve used the term “settlers”. This hampers spectral haunting and props Euro-narrativse that all they did was “settle”. “Invaders” is the Alt.	Johansen ‘7	Johansen ‘7	318,525	12	2,560
1,228	677,204	14,194	1NR	Politics	Trade Impact Run	Bioweapons cause extinction	Sandberg & Ćirković 8—Research Fellow for the Future of Humanity Institute @ Oxford University & senior research associate @ Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade [Anders Sandberg (PhD in computational neuroscience from Stockholm University) & Milan M. Ćirković (Professor of physics @ University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro), “How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist, 9/9/2008, http://tinyurl.com/p4gjozx]	Sandberg & Ćirković 8	21,354	875	1,272
1,229	677,596	14,214	R3 DRR	null	1AC – Mining	North American marine biodiversity is uniquely key to taxonomic diversity.	Walsh, et al., 09 (Stephen J., Ph.D., research biologists with the U.S. Geological Survey and co-chairs of the American Fisheries Society’s Endangered Species Committee, Howard L. Jelks, M.Sc., and Noel M. Burkhead, M.Sc., “The Decline of North American Freshwater Fishes”, June 2009, http://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/walsh.html#fullbio)	Walsh, et al., 09	34,301	92	14,910
1,230	1,142,679	28,211	1NC	Case	1NC – Case	Ignoring the law allows unfettered regulation and denigration of women’s bodies – Only the topical version has any hope of achieving meaningful change	Finley 89 – Professor of law @ SUNY (Lucinda, “Breaking Women's Silence in Law: The Dilemma of the Gendered Nature of Legal Reasoning, Notre Dame Law Review, 64)	Finley 89	557,691	3	11,118
1,231	489,957	6,327	China Influence DA	UQ	General – Influence	Chinese influence displacing the US in Latin America now	Wang ’13 Wang Xiaoxia, “IN AMERICA'S BACKYARD: CHINA'S RISING INFLUENCE IN LATIN AMERICA,” Worldcrunch, 5/6/2013, http://www.worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/in-america-039-s-backyard-china-039-s-rising-influence-in-latin-america/foreign-policy-trade-economy-investments-energy/c9s11647/	Wang ’13 , 5/6/2013, http://www.worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/in-america-039-s-backyard-china-039-s-rising-influence-in-latin-america/foreign-policy-trade-economy-investments-energy/c9s11647/	291,935	2	2,850
1,232	489,985	6,314	More Definitions	Economic Engagement	Doesn’t have to be	Economic engagement does not have to be immediate – can be phased	Delury ‘9 [10/2009, John Delury is the associate director of the CCenter on US China Relations, Asia Society. Charles Kartman is the former director of the Korean Peninsular Energy Development Organization. Susan Shirk is the director in the institute on global conflict and cooperation. “North Korea Inside Out: The Case for Economic Engagement,” http://www.slideshare.net/hbroadman/quotnorth-korea-inside-out-the-case-for-economic-engagementquot]	Delury ‘9 [10/2009, John Delury is the associate director of the CCenter on US China Relations, Asia Society. Charles Kartman is the former director of the Korean Peninsular Energy Development Organization. Susan Shirk is the director in the institute on global conflict and cooperation. “North Korea Inside Out: The Case for Economic Engagement,” http://www.slideshare.net/hbroadman/quotnorth-korea-inside-out-the-case-for-economic-engagementquot]	183,866	12	704
1,233	677,704	14,216	1AC	null	1AC - IMO	Bioterror causes extinction	Sandberg 08 -- Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute research fellow, [Anders, PhD in computation neuroscience, and Milan Cirkovic, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, "How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?" Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 9-9-2008, thebulletin.org/how-can-we-reduce-risk-human-extinction, accessed 8-13-14]	Sandberg 08	21,354	875	1,272
1,234	1,142,736	28,206	Mamk BV Disclosure r2 yale	1ac- Water Markets	Contention 2 is Modelling:	Empirics aren’t predictive---future demand gaps will be worse, making inefficient sharing institutions untenable	Peter Engelke & Russell Sticklor 15, Engelke is a Resident Senior Fellow with the Strategic Foresight Initiative at the Atlantic Council in Washington, DC.; Sticklor is a Non-Resident Research Fellow with the Stimson Environmental Security Program in Washington, DC., “Water Wars: The Next Great Driver of Global Conflict?,” National Interest, 9-15-2015, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/water-wars-the-next-great-driver-global-conflict-13842 We live in an age of great anxiety about threats to global peace and stability. Among these are worries that intense water-related stresses, now showing up in regions around the world, may become all-too-common sources of conflict. Just as often, however, concerns about water wars are dismissed as much ado about nothing. An influential school of thought has long contended future international conflicts will not be fought over this resource. Water, it says, is of such elemental importance to human existence that even long-time adversaries will be forced to accommodate one another’s needs in a water-scarce future. As water is too expensive to transport over long distances, moreover, it is very difficult to steal or plunder. And history gives some comfort to this forecast: as few wars have been fought specifically over water, it is highly unlikely humanity will start engaging in water conflicts now. Or so the thinking goes.	Engelke & Sticklor 15, Engelke is a Resident Senior Fellow with the Strategic Foresight Initiative at the Atlantic Council in Washington, DC.; Sticklor is a Non-Resident Research Fellow with the Stimson Environmental Security Program in Washington, DC., “Water Wars: The Next Great Driver of Global Conflict?,” National Interest, 9-15-2015, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/water-wars-the-next-great-driver-global-conflict-13842	11,460	251	11,333
1,235	1,136,211	28,004	1NC	Extra Cards	1NC – AT: De-Dev	The state is a necessary stasis of analysis to organize micro-politics – the aff gets coopted because individual radicalism misunderstands how power operates.	Bayat ’13 (Asef; Professor of Sociology at the University of Illinois; 2013, “Life As Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East,” pp. 41-45)	Bayat ’13	12,736	296	13,023
1,236	677,664	14,216	1AC	null	1AC - Emissions	Shipping itself makes warming inevitable - it’s more than every car in the world - an emissions based levy is key to innovation	OECD Insights 16 (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Blog, 5/4/16 “Carbon emissions all at sea: why was shipping left out of the Paris Climate Agreement?”, http://oecdinsights.org/2016/05/04/carbon-emissions-all-at-sea-why-was-shipping-left-out-of-the-paris-climate-agreement/) [Symbols to letters]	OECD Insights 16	405,018	1	5,244
1,237	697,662	15,015	null	null	null	Moral uncertainty means any risk of extinction outweighs – you can never be 100% sure about any ethical framework, so you must keep people alive to make future, improved ethical determinations	Bostrom 12 [Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority. 2012. www.existential-risk.org/concept.html]	Bostrom 12	15,765	1,536	961
1,238	677,901	14,221	DOUBLES – FULLERTON	*1AC*	Adv 2	North American marine biodiversity is uniquely key to taxonomic diversity.	Walsh, et al., 09 (Stephen J., Ph.D., research biologists with the U.S. Geological Survey and co-chairs of the American Fisheries Society’s Endangered Species Committee, Howard L. Jelks, M.Sc., and Noel M. Burkhead, M.Sc., “The Decline of North American Freshwater Fishes”, June 2009, http://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/walsh.html#fullbio)	Walsh, et al., 09	34,301	92	14,910
1,239	698,808	15,071	1	null	null	RLOAD solves the aff and deterrence	Phillips, 6 -- retired physicist and physician who did radar research for the British army	Phillips, 6	373,498	38	1,571
1,240	519,151	6,902	2NC---UK R6	CP	AT: Perm – Do Both	Immediately voids preemption – local movements never lose again	Jeffrey A. Parness 9, Professor Emeritus at Northern Illinois University College of Law, “American State Constitutional Equalities,” Gonzaga Law Review, 45(3), 2009, http://blogs.gonzaga.edu/gulawreview/files/2011/02/Parness.pdf	Parness 9	136,997	5	5,715
1,241	519,380	6,908	1NC---NU R4	Adv---BioD	1NC---AT: Pandemics !	Pandemics aren’t existential---empirics, biology, and isolated populations check.	Ord 20 (Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy, trustee of the Centre for Effective Altruism; “The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity;” Part Two, Section 3: Natural Risks; Hachette Books, ISBN: 978-0-316-48491-6; TM)	Ord 20	996	728	5,003
1,242	677,790	14,219	ROUND 1 – FULLERTON	*1AC*	Adv 2	North American marine biodiversity is uniquely key to taxonomic diversity.	Walsh, et al., 09 (Stephen J., Ph.D., research biologists with the U.S. Geological Survey and co-chairs of the American Fisheries Society’s Endangered Species Committee, Howard L. Jelks, M.Sc., and Noel M. Burkhead, M.Sc., “The Decline of North American Freshwater Fishes”, June 2009, http://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/walsh.html#fullbio)	Walsh, et al., 09	34,301	92	14,910
1,243	520,199	6,927	null	1AC	Innovation – 1AC	Capacity for innovation solves invisible thresholds for existential pandemics – they’re coming now – new 400 year study + statistical methods	Penn 21 (Michael Penn, Director of Communications, Marketing and Alumni Relations, Duke Global Health Initiative, citing William Pan, Ph.D., associate professor of global environmental health at Duke, Marco Marani, adjunct professor at Duke department of Global Health, where he previously was a professor of civil and environmental engineering and Anthony Parolari, Ph.D., of Marquette University, is a former Duke postdoctoral researcher, Gabriel Katul, Ph.D., the Theodore S. Coile Distinguished Professor of Hydrology and Micrometeorology at Duke, “Statistics Say Large Pandemics Are More Likely Than We Thought” Duke Global Health Institute, https://globalhealth.duke.edu/news/statistics-say-large-pandemics-are-more-likely-we-thought) CULTIV8	Penn 21	10,841	64	4,980
1,244	698,875	15,074	2	null	null	Extinction	Nickolas Roth 17 & Matthew Bunn, research associate at the Belfer Center’s Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard University, professor of practice at the Harvard Kennedy School, 9/28/17, “The effects of a single terrorist nuclear bomb”, https://thebulletin.org/2017/09/the-effects-of-a-single-terrorist-nuclear-bomb/	Roth 17	11,438	1,128	2,303
1,245	699,162	15,087	2	null	null	1. “Eliminate means a complete removal – their interp is unreasonable	District Court of Minnesota ‘10 Buetow v. ALS Enterprises, Inc., 713 F. Supp. 2d 832 - Dist. Court, Minnesota 2010	District Court of Minnesota ‘10	374,669	366	859
1,246	677,900	14,220	ROUND 6 – FULLERTON	*1NC*	1NC – T Substantial	Interpretation---a “substantial increase” in emissions restrictions must cover 22% of overall GHG emissions.	Dubash et al. 13—Navroz K. Dubash a Senior Fellow at the Indian Centre for Policy Research and coordinator of its Climate Initiative [Markus Hagemann, Niklas Höhne, and Prabhat Upadhyaya “Developments in national climate change mitigation legislation and strategy,” Climate Policy, Vol. 13, No. 6, p. 649-664, Emory Libraries]	Dubash et al. 13	405,151	161	2,279
1,247	1,192,664	29,196	Case	Framework	2NC – AT: Perm – Do Both	2. Specifically in minerals	Nafeez Ahmed 20 M.A. in contemporary war & peace studies and a DPhil (April 2009) in international relations from the School of Global Studies at Sussex University. Capitalism Will Ruin the Earth By 2050, Scientists Say. Vice. 10-21-2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7m48d/capitalism-will-ruin-the-earth-by-2050-scientists-say	Ahmed 20	12,010	122	2,284
1,248	1,192,671	29,150	2NC---R2---Colleyville	1NC---Case	1NC---Precipitation	4---Their author agrees. The solvency advocate wants federal regulation, they AREN’T saying that it’s true. We read green.	1AC Currier 17 [Melissa Currier; 1/1/2017; J.D. candidate; “Rain, Rain, Don ’t Go Away: Cloud Seeding Governance in the United States and a Proposal for Federal Regulation” University of Pacific Law Review, Vol. 48, Iss. 4, p. 965, https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1074&context=uoplawreview] //KL	1AC Currier 17 Proposal	28,511	3	557
1,249	521,064	6,953	1NC	Innovation Adv	null	Autonomous inventions are fake.	Lizarralde 22 – Marta Duque Lizarralde LL.M, (Doctoral Candidate and Research Associate at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), Héctor Axel Contreras, IPR Commercialisation Manager at Ericsson) “The real role of AI in patent law debates” Arrow International Journal of Law and Information Technology, Volume 30, Issue 1, Pages 23–46. Spring 2022. Accessed September 29, 2022., https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaac008	Lizarralde 22	318,338	10	2,124
1,250	678,350	14,231	1AC	null	1AC—Warming	The effect on supply is a positive feedback—causes de-carbonization.	Komanoff 15 – co-founded the CTC, Director, Energy-Policy Analyst, MA Harvard [Charles Komanoff, What an Energy-Efficiency Hero Gets Wrong about Carbon Taxes, 9/2/15, http://www.carbontax.org/blog/2015/09/02/what-an-energy-efficiency-hero-gets-wrong-about-carbon-taxes/]	Komanoff 15	405,368	20	3,626
1,251	520,954	6,951	1NC	BBNJs Adv	null	Disease can’t cause extinction	Ord ’20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]	Ord ’20	996	728	4,210
1,252	1,867,774	54,971	null	1AC	null	Sunlight is the best disinfectant—in the absence of legal protection, industry folds	Piper 19 [Kelsey, correspondent for Vox Future Perfect, 1-11-19, ““Ag-gag laws” hide the cruelty of factory farms from the public. Courts are striking them down.” https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/1/11/18176551/ag-gag-laws-factory-farms-explained . 8-6 dwrs]	Piper 19	837,527	17	1,261
1,253	678,593	14,235	GSU Round the Fifth	Case	AT: Code	Their thesis overly generalizes the completeness of illusion and hyper-reality – since it is impossible to verify whether or not there has been a total break from all past forms of social relations, we should discount their claims that our representations are meaningless.	Timothy W. LUKE, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 91 [“Power and politics in hyperreality: The critical project of Jean Baudrillard,” Social Science Journal, 1991, Vol. 28, Issue 3, Accessed Online through Emory Libraries]	LUKE 91 , 1991, Vol. 28, Issue 3, Accessed Online through Emory Libraries]	99,060	83	3,035
1,254	521,427	6,959	1NR	Liability DA	null	Specifically—it's impossible for AI inventorship to ignore the personhood question—proven by use of pronouns in patent legislation.	Robinson 22—(JD from Syracuse University College of Law). Blair Robinson. 8/12/2022. "AI Can’t Hold Patents Because They Require an “Inventor” to Be a “Natural Person””. JD Supra. https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/ai-can-t-hold-patents-because-they-7625419/.	Robinson 22	307,532	6	1,834
1,255	678,603	14,232	null	Round 2—GSU	1NC—Clean Tech Frontline	Climate change regulations increase electricity prices and create upward pressure on the grid that converges with physical pressures to collapse the system and cause massive energy poverty	Charles K. Ebinger and John P. Banks, 11/8/2013. *Senior Fellow - Foreign Policy, Energy Security and Climate Initiative, the Brookings Institute. Nonresident Senior Fellow - Foreign Policy, Energy Security and Climate Initiative, the Brookings Institute. “The Electricity Revolution,” The Brookings Institute. https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-electricity-revolution/	Ebinger and Banks 2013	377,190	51	6,375
1,256	3,297,130	108,397	1nc	Case	Framing	Realism prevents war.	Edelstein 10 – (2010, David, PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service and the Department of Government at Georgetown University, “Why realists don’t go for bombs and bullets,” http://foreignpolicy.com/2010/07/21/why-realists-dont-go-for-bombs-and-bullets/)	Edelstein 10	80,995	121	3,357
1,257	1,143,239	28,045	Topicality - water resources	1AC---UNCLOS v6	2AC---T---in the US	[2] C/I---EEZ’s are in the US	White House 10, ya it’s the white house, “Final Recommendations Of The Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force July 19, 2010,” White House Council on Environmental Quality, 7/19/10, https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/opp_advisory/briefings/nov2010/optf_finalrecs.pdf	White House 10	527,221	12	650
1,258	700,686	15,151	1AC – Cal – Harker MH	1AC – Miscalc	Contention 1 – Advantage	Moral uncertainty means any risk of extinction outweighs – you can never be 100% sure about any ethical framework, so you must keep people alive to make future, improved ethical determinations	Bostrom 12 [Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority. 2012. www.existential-risk.org/concept.html]	Bostrom 12	15,765	1,536	961
1,259	678,994	14,240	2AC	Econ DA	2AC--Econ DA	Warming turns growth and creates new poverty traps—extreme weather, sea level rise, damage to crop production collapse the economy.	Worland 15 (Justin, Writer for TIME “Climate Change Could Wreck the Global Economy”. http://time.com/4082328/climate-change-economic-impact/)	Worland 15	72,008	41	1,992
1,260	701,034	15,166	1AC – Stanford – Harker MH	1AC – Miscalc	Contention 2 – Framing	Moral uncertainty means any risk of extinction outweighs – you can never be 100% sure about any ethical framework, so you must keep people alive to make future, improved ethical determinations	Bostrom 12 [Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority. 2012. www.existential-risk.org/concept.html]	Bostrom 12	15,765	1,536	961
1,261	701,179	15,174	null	null	null	Moral uncertainty means any risk of extinction outweighs – you can never be 100% sure about any ethical framework, so you must keep people alive to make future, improved ethical determinations	Bostrom 12 [Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority. 2012. www.existential-risk.org/concept.html]	Bostrom 12	15,765	1,536	349
1,262	1,143,731	28,086	2AC	Guidance	T/L---2AC	Guidance Documents are left in draft form to avoid public input, agency response, and judicial review.	Weidner 20 (Chase Weidner, Judicial Law Clerk at United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, 2020, ew York University Annual Survey of American Law, "HE GUIDANCE DOCUMENT DILEMMA: REFORMING THE FDA'S USE OF GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY, 75 N.Y.U. Ann. Surv. Am. L. 137", https://advance-lexis-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/api/document?collection=analytical-materials&id=urn:contentItem:60RS-9R21-FGJR-2358-00000-00&context=1516831.)//veronica	Weidner 20	35,293	16	2,425
1,263	679,535	14,253	null	null	2AC - Framework	Without consequences debate is replaced by ideological extremes which turns the critique	Christopher A. Bracey 6, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318	Bracey 6	41,912	638	1,683
1,264	1,143,383	28,052	1NC	Case	Proper	Liberalism isn’t inherently violent and their impact conflates it with other structural issues	Teschke, Sussex IR professor, 2011	Teschke, Sussex IR professor, 2011	9,241	172	5,887
1,265	522,489	6,979	1NC	Research adv	5	Disease can’t cause extinction	Ord ’20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]	Ord ’20	996	728	4,210
1,266	701,268	15,181	null	null	Advantage	2 - Nuclear terror causes global nuclear war	Hayes, 18 -- Nautilus Institute director and University of Sydney Centre for International Security professor	Hayes, 18	1,783	845	9,947
1,267	679,808	14,262	OCTAS – NU	*1NC*	1NC – Critique	Capitalism causes environmental destruction and wars	Parr 13—Associate Professor of Philosophy and Environmental Studies at the University of Cincinnati [Adrian, THE WRATH OF CAPITAL: Neoliberalism and Climate Change Politics, p. 145-147]	Parr 13 , p. 145-147]	51,704	299	2,443
1,268	679,813	14,258	Critique	Alt Answers	Alt Fails	Proposing alternative non-capitalist economics out of nowhere is of zero value. Environmental reform of capitalism is key.	John BARRY, Director of the Institute of Governance, Public Policy and Social Research and Co-Director of the Centre for Sustainability and Environmental Governance at Queen’s University Belfast, ‘7 [“Towards a model of green political economy: from ecological modernisation to economic security,” Int. J. Green Economics, Vol. 1, No. 3/4, 2007 p. 446-464, http://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1504/IJGE.2007.013071]	BARRY ‘7	139,742	80	3,964
1,269	701,393	15,190	Miscalc Aff	AC	Adv. 2	Nuclear terror causes global nuclear war	Hayes, 18 -- Nautilus Institute director and University of Sydney Centre for International Security professor	Hayes, 18	1,783	845	9,947
1,270	680,037	14,264	1AR Cards	Amendment CP	1AR – Perm Both	“Resolved” means to deliberate	Merriam Webster 9 [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resolved]	Merriam Webster 9	1,159	532	299
1,271	680,676	14,283	QUARTERS – USC	*1NC*	1NC – T Substantial	Interpretation---a “substantial increase” in emissions restrictions must cover 22% of overall GHG emissions.	Dubash et al. 13—Navroz K. Dubash a Senior Fellow at the Indian Centre for Policy Research and coordinator of its Climate Initiative [Markus Hagemann, Niklas Höhne, and Prabhat Upadhyaya “Developments in national climate change mitigation legislation and strategy,” Climate Policy, Vol. 13, No. 6, p. 649-664, Emory Libraries]	Dubash et al. 13	405,151	161	2,279
1,272	701,998	15,218	null	1AC Larp	Adv- Hormuz	Article 9 is key- Japan just said it’s the main cause for opting out	Kyodo News 19 KYODO NEWS. "Japan defense chief has "no plan" to dispatch SDF to Middle East." Kyodo News+, 16 July 2019, english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/07/41f7029fb641-japan-defense-chief-has-no-plan-to-dispatch-sdf-to-middle-east.html.	Kyodo News 19	414,340	3	1,743
1,273	702,113	15,223	null	Util	null	2. Extinction must matter under any framework. Traditional ethics must be abandoned in the face of extinction in order to ensure that deliberation over the alternatives can continue.	Bostrom ’11 Nick Bostrom ‘11, “The Concept of Existential Risk”, 2011, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School & Faculty of Philosophy http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.html	Bostrom ’11	15,765	1,536	1,276
1,274	384,473	4,995	Practice Debate – 1NC Off-Case	Human Involvement CP	Human Involvement CP---1NC	The CP solves the aff but guarantees AI oversight.	Lyon et al 17 [Mark Lyon is a partner, Alison Watkins is a senior associate and Ryan Iwahashi is an associate in the Palo Alto, California, office of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, “When AI Creates IP: Inventorship Issues To Consider”, 8-10-2017, https://www.law360.com/articles/950313/when-ai-creates-ip-inventorship-issues-to-consider] IanM	Lyon et al 17 IanM	241,255	9	1,491
1,275	524,473	7,033	1NC	Case	Framing	Prioritizing human ontology over nuclear war ignores biodiversity loss and entrenches the human-centered paradigm he critiques	Macauley 96—Associate prof of philosophy and environmental studies, Penn State (David, Minding Nature, p 74)	Macauley 96 (David, Minding Nature, p 74)	179,852	12	1,465
1,276	1,190,481	29,145	1AR---Michigan R5---Mamaroneck MR	2AC---OFF	2AC---Federalism	Extinction.	Gettings ’1 [Paul, Professor of Geophysics, at U of Utah, Weapons of Mass Destruction]	Gettings ’1	10,430	13	667
1,277	335,706	4,267	null	2NC Elections Impacts	2NC Ext – Kills Deal	The Iran deal would put a Republican president in a bind– a commander in chief from the GOP would spell destruction of the agreement	Toosi 15 (Nahal, foreign affairs correspondent at POLITICO "How a Republican president could kill the Iran deal" 7/14/15 www.politico.com/story/2015/07/gop-president-iran-deal-kill-120077.html) Foronda ***edited for gendered language	null	163,132	38	1,670
1,278	1,144,476	28,119	1AR	Cap	1AC---Solvency---Michigan	—Bottlenecks and consumer sentiment	Long, 21 (Heather Long, Economics correspondent at the Washington Post, 9-1-2021, The Washington Post, "Welcome to September and the ‘I don’t know’ economy", https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/09/01/september-not-return-to-normal-economy/)/peyton	Long, 21	514,069	2	2,122
1,279	681,285	14,296	1NC	Off	1NC – Neolib K	Capitalism causes extinction—rejection of small adjustments in favor of system change is necessary.	Adrian PARR, Chair of Taft Faculty and Director of the Charles Phelps Taft Research Center, holds a joint appointment in the Department of Political Science and the School of Architecture and Interior Design, 13 [The Wrath of Capital: Neoliberalism and Climate Change Politics, 2013, p. 145-147]	PARR 13	51,704	299	4,760
1,280	681,602	14,300	1NC	1NC – Neolib K	null	Capitalism causes extinction—rejection of small adjustments in favor of system change is necessary.	Adrian PARR, Chair of Taft Faculty and Director of the Charles Phelps Taft Research Center, holds a joint appointment in the Department of Political Science and the School of Architecture and Interior Design, 13 [The Wrath of Capital: Neoliberalism and Climate Change Politics, 2013, p. 145-147]	PARR 13	51,704	299	4,760
1,281	178,133	2,312	Economy DA	Link Offense	Labor Shortages---2AC	Refugees fill labor shortages --- saves econ	Ardalan 17 [Sabi Ardalan, assistant director os Harvard Immigration and Refugee Clincal program, assistant clinical professor at Harvard Law School, “Fulfilling U.S Commitment to Refugee Resettlement: Protecting Refugees, Preserving National Security &Building The US economy Through Refugee Admissions” published by Texas A&M University of Law, fall 2017, accessed 7/12/17, 5 Tex. A&M L. Rev 155] In addition to furthering the nation's foreign policy and national security objectives, refugee resettlement also helps the United States economically. Studies have shown that refugees in the United States typically "integrate well into their new communities" with "similar rates of labor force participation and business ownership." n94 According to the International Rescue Committee, eighty-five percent of the refugees the organization resettles are employed within six months. n95	Ardalan 17 [Sabi Ardalan, assistant director os Harvard Immigration and Refugee Clincal program, assistant clinical professor at Harvard Law School, “Fulfilling U.S Commitment to Refugee Resettlement: Protecting Refugees, Preserving National Security &Building The US economy Through Refugee Admissions” published by Texas A&M University of Law, fall 2017, accessed 7/12/17, 5 Tex. A&M L. Rev 155]	104,295	9	2,902
1,282	1,867,826	54,974	Neg	Off Case	1NC – DA	Extinction – nuke terror guarantees retaliation – their impact defense is dated and wrong	Peter Hayes 18, PhD from Berkeley, Director of the Nautilus Institute and Honorary Professor at the Centre for International Security Studies at the University of Sydney, "NON-STATE TERRORISM AND INADVERTENT NUCLEAR WAR", NAPSNet Special Reports, January 18, 2018, https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-special-reports/non-state-terrorism-and-inadvertent-nuclear-war/	Hayes 18	1,783	845	43,892
1,283	681,707	14,300	1NC	Innovation	1NC – Manu	No risk of manufacturing decline – productivity and expansion are up – jobs don’t matter	Moran and Oldenski 14 [Theodore H. Moran, Marcus Wallenberg Chair at the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University and Lindsay Oldenski, Assistant Professor at the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University; Non-resident senior fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics. “US manufacturing: in strong condition”, 8-12-14, https://agenda.weforum.org/2014/08/us-manufacturing-base-productivity-employment/, msm]	Moran and Oldenski 14 [Theodore H. Moran, Marcus Wallenberg Chair at the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University and Lindsay Oldenski, Assistant Professor at the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University; Non-resident senior fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics. “US manufacturing: in strong condition”, 8-12-14, https://agenda.weforum.org/2014/08/us-manufacturing-base-productivity-employment/, msm]	209,146	5	11,107
1,284	525,629	7,057	2NC	Fetal Personhood DA	2NC---Uniqueness---Top	Kavanaugh proves.	Isaac Chotiner and Leah Litman 22, Chotiner is a writer at the New Yorker and Litman is an assistant professor of law at the University of Michigan, 6-28-22, “How the Supreme Court Could Approach Federal Laws Upholding—or Banning—Abortion,” New Yorker, https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-the-supreme-court-could-approach-federal-laws-upholding-or-banning-abortion	Chotiner and Litman 22	314,205	5	15,131
1,285	1,144,880	28,131	2AC	Off-Case	2AC – AT: Set Col K	Pessimism actively reifies settler dominance – Framing settler colonialism through a totalizing lens makes indigenous liberation impossible by setting the terms of victory as all-or-nothing	Busbridge 18 Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018, dml)	Busbridge 18 Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018, dml)	22,868	653	9,305
1,286	682,274	14,311	null	Risk Advantage	2NC – High Mag	High magnitude scenarios should come first despite low probability—our impact threatens all of humanity and theirs doesn’t	Sandberg et al 2008 – James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, postdoctoral research assistant for the EU Enhance project, PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and co-founder of New Harvest, *senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro (Anders Sandberg, Jason G. Matheny, Milan M. Ćirković, “How Can We Reduce the Risk of Human Extinction”, http://thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction)	Sandberg et al 2008	21,354	875	5,996
1,287	3,316,263	109,189	T – National Service MASTER	Politics	Impeachment 1NC	1. Base is high now	Bedard 9/14 Paul Bedard, the Washington Examiner's "Washington Secrets" columnist, “Comeback poll: Trump's base returns, up with younger and black voters” September 14, 2017 http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/comeback-poll-trumps-base-returns-up-with-younger-and-black-voters/article/2634368	Bedard 9/14	1,142,636	26	3,021
1,288	682,307	14,317	null	Carbon Tax CP	1NC – Carbon Tax CP	It’s anti-neoliberal – which solves the case	Andrew et al 10 (Jane Andrew & Mary A. Kaidonis—economics and business faculty in the University of Sydney & Brian Andrew, School of Accounting and Finance, University of Wollongong, “Carbon tax: Challenging neoliberal solutions to climate change”, Critical Perspectives on Accounting 21 (2010) 611–618)	Andrew et al 10	405,569	29	1,999
1,289	1,867,969	54,981	1NC	Off	1NC	It competes - Treaties are not enacted	Ripple 09, Circuit Judge., 12-9-2009, "Sobitan v. Glud, 589 F.3d 379," https://casetext.com/case/sobitan-v-glud-2	Ripple 09	837,632	2	1,506
1,290	1,145,086	28,158	BLOCK	1NC---Advantage 2	O/V	PC is finite---controversies elsewhere drain Biden’s effectiveness.	Niall Stanage 21, Associate Editor and White House Columnist at The Hill, Former Editor of Magill Magazine, Author of Redemption Song: An Irish Reporter Inside the Obama Campaign, “The Memo: Biden Gambles That He Can Do It All”, The Hill, 1/24/2021, https://thehill.com/homenews/the-memo/535502-the-memo-biden-gambles-that-he-can-do-it-all	Stanage 21	29,309	80	2,679
1,291	527,385	7,110	null	null	null	We must respect and hold sacred indigenous knowledge to “de-capitalize” nature from its most molecular reality. By understanding Land as person, nature’s chemical singularities and arrangements are no longer first seen through a socio-cultural lens that allows for pharmaceutical exploitation of Land and Indigenous Knowledge while minimizing effectiveness of medicines.	Christian Tym, 1-2-2020, The University Of Sydney, "Medicine as microcosm: Pharmaceutical bioprospecting and the political epistemology of nature in industrial–capitalist and indigenous Amazonian societies," SAGE Journals, https://journals-sagepub-com.proxy.wichita.edu/doi/full/10.1177/2514848619897876?utm_source=summon&utm_medium=discovery-provider	Tym 20	321,218	2	4,331
1,292	682,345	14,317	null	Carbon Tax CP	AT: information	Baudrillard’s critique offers no way out of hyperreal simulation.	LUKE, Timothy W. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 91 [“Power and politics in hyperreality: The critical project of Jean Baudrillard,” Social Science Journal, 1991, Vol. 28, Issue 3, Accessed Online through Emory Libraries]	LUKE 91	406,767	14	3,951
1,293	702,758	15,243	1NR	Election DA	They Say: “Uniqueness Overwhelms”	Our link is enough to flip the election.	Tanenbaum 9/10 — Andrew Tanenbaum, Professor Emeritus of Computer Science and former Dean of the Advanced School for Computing and Imaging at the Vrije Universiteit (Amsterdam), Founder of Electoral Vote Predictor—a website that conducts poll analysis to project the outcome of U.S. elections, former Academy Professor at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, holds a Ph.D. in Astrophysics from the University of California-Berkeley, 2016 (“Election Could Get Even More Unpredictable,” Electoral Vote Predictor, September 10th, Available Online at http://www.electoral-vote.com/evp2016/Pres/Maps/Sep10.html#item-3, Accessed 09-10-2016)	Tanenbaum 9/10	414,626	19	691
1,294	1,867,187	54,932	1AC	1AC---Flex	1AC--- Agriculture	Increasingly severe water crises cause extinction	Barlow 10 [Maude Barlow gave this speech to the Environmental Grantmakers Association annual retreat in Pacific Grove, California. A former U.N. Senior Water Advisor, Barlow is National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and founder of the Blue Planet Project. Barlow, Maude. “Advice for Water Warriors.” Yes Magazine, November 11, 2020. https://towardfreedom.org/global-news-and-analysis-global-news-and-analysis/advice-for-water-warriors/.]	Barlow 10 .]	49,250	52	3,976
1,295	1,868,012	54,985	null	1AC	null	Sunlight is the best disinfectant—in the absence of legal protection, industry folds	Piper 19 [Kelsey, correspondent for Vox Future Perfect, 1-11-19, ““Ag-gag laws” hide the cruelty of factory farms from the public. Courts are striking them down.” https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/1/11/18176551/ag-gag-laws-factory-farms-explained . 8-6 dwrs]	Piper 19	837,527	17	1,261
1,296	703,667	15,272	null	T-FW	null	2. Limits OW ---bounded debate is the only way to guarantee preparation and defense against a well-prepared opponent---that’s a prerequisite to using the form of debate effectively, no matter what for. Disruption alone isn’t justification for an aff ballot, they need an interpretation that guarantees pre-round relationality, genuine argumentative challenges and an agreed-upon end-point. Their model of debate allows the most powerful to disrupt the communicative forum – their interp is an insular victory at best and disastrous at worst for debate’s liberatory potential.	Hansen, PhD, 18	Hansen, PhD, 18	9,303	34	14,781
1,297	527,514	7,115	null	null	Case	Disease can’t cause extinction	Dr. Toby Ord 20, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126 Are we safe now from events like this? Or are we more vulnerable? Could a pandemic threaten humanity’s future?10 The Black Death was not the only biological disaster to scar human history. It was not even the only great bubonic plague. In 541 CE the Plague of Justinian struck the Byzantine Empire. Over three years it took the lives of roughly 3 percent of the world’s people.11 When Europeans reached the Americas in 1492, the two populations exposed each other to completely novel diseases. Over thousands of years each population had built up resistance to their own set of diseases, but were extremely susceptible to the others. The American peoples got by far the worse end of exchange, through diseases such as measles, influenza and especially smallpox. During the next hundred years a combination of invasion and disease took an immense toll—one whose scale may never be known, due to great uncertainty about the size of the pre-existing population. We can’t rule out the loss of more than 90 percent of the population of the Americas during that century, though the number could also be much lower.12 And it is very difficult to tease out how much of this should be attributed to war and occupation, rather than disease. As a rough upper bound, the Columbian exchange may have killed as many as 10 percent of the world’s people.13 Centuries later, the world had become so interconnected that a truly global pandemic was possible. Near the end of the First World War, a devastating strain of influenza (known as the 1918 flu or Spanish Flu) spread to six continents, and even remote Pacific islands. At least a third of the world’s population were infected and 3 to 6 percent were killed.14 This death toll outstripped that of the First World War, and possibly both World Wars combined. Yet even events like these fall short of being a threat to humanity’s longterm potential.15 [FOONOTE] In addition to this historical evidence, there are some deeper biological observations and theories suggesting that pathogens are unlikely to lead to the extinction of their hosts. These include the empirical anti-correlation between infectiousness and lethality, the extreme rarity of diseases that kill more than 75% of those infected, the observed tendency of pandemics to become less virulent as they progress and the theory of optimal virulence	Ord 20, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126	996	728	1,863
1,298	683,279	14,345	Fullerton 4	1ac	1AC Solvency—CAFOs	State reform is key to access and empowerment – individual solutions reproduce neoliberalism	Alkon and Mares 11 – Ph.D., Associate professor of sociology at University of the Pacific; Ph.D., Associate Professor of anthropology, specializing in immigration and food movements (Alison Hope and Teresa Marie, “Food soveriengty in US food movements: radical visions and neoliberal constraints,”Agric Hume Values, November 16, 2011, http://blog.uvm.edu/tmares/files/2016/05/AlkonMares2012.pdf) The farmers market created by West Oakland’s managers, vendors, and customers certainly coheres with a vision of food sovereignty in which a community defines its own food and agricultural system. Food is sustainably produced and culturally appropriate, and the market aims to provide economic benefits to black farmers and consumers. However, while advocates of food sovereignty tend to contextualize their demand in a critique of the political economy of the corporate food regime, the West Oakland Farmers Market is more aligned with the food justice paradigm, in which a critique of institutional racism is central.	Alkon and Mares 11	406,777	10	4,636
1,299	527,812	7,127	null	null	1AC	Debate is not a subculture of competition hermetically sealed from the race war “out there” – Harvard should not be a graveyard of arguments but an antagonistic occupation of scholarly spaces of deliberation	OUCB 9 (Occupied UC Berkeley, The Necrosocial: Civic Life, Social Death, and the UC; http://anticapitalprojects.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/the-necrosocial/, 11/19 //shree)	OUCB 9	1,058	306	5,192

1,200

129,156

1,759

court politics da

link

2nc – at: link turn

Negative reactions overwhelm any positive benefit that the Court could achieve

Friedman 05 (Barry, Jacob D. Fuchsberg Professor of Law and Affiliated Professor of Politics at NYU Law School. “The Politics of Judicial Review,” Texas Law Review, 84 Tex. L. Rev. 257, December 2005, Lexis)

Friedman 05

56,449

11

1,395

1,201

674,041

14,085

Neg

1NC

K

Market logic has a stranglehold on our thinking, making alternatives appear unrealistic. Breaking with neoclassical assumptions is a crucial prior question to avoid error replication

Spaulding, JD Candidate, 97

403,442

23

6,399

1,202

511,072

6,696

1NC

1NC — Case

1NC — Settler Colonialism Totalizing

No totalizing theories of power — colonialism is contingent

Busbridge, 18—Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018, dml)

Busbridge, 18

22,868

653

2,768

1,203

486,206

6,274

NDI 2013 – 6WS – Mexico Energy Aff Addendum

Economy

a/t: no Mexican state collapse

it’s possible—yes this card is old but it’s about the structural possibility for state failure in Mexico

Friedman 08 – George Friedman is the Chairman of Stratfor, a company he founded in 1996 that is now a leader in the field of global intelligence. (“Mexico: On the Road to a Failed State?” May 13, 2008, http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/mexico_road_failed_state)

Friedman 08

304,171

1

3,922

1,204

486,518

6,272

null

Energy Aff

Solvency - US key

US has the best technology to extract shale gas

Daly 6-24-13 (John - staff writer, http://www.economonitor.com/blog/2013/06/eia-report-u-s-1-in-shale-gas-reserves-russia-1-in-shale-oil-reserves)coles

null

304,316

1

791

1,205

1,189,360

29,144

2NC---New Trier---R4

1NC---Case

1NC---PTD ADV

2---Political education.

Lessig ’14 [Lawrence; May 30; Professor of Law and Leadership at Harvard University, Director of Harvard’s Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics; The Atlantic, “A Real Step to Fix Democracy,” https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/05/a-real-step-to-fix-democracy/371898/]

Lessig ’14

542,203

15

448

1,206

512,326

6,720

1NR

DA---Biomedical Innovation

AT: Testing Turn---1NR

Animals are inevitably necessary and can never be fully replaced

Kinter et al. ’21 — Lewis B. Kinter (Principal, GLP Scientific Consulting; Ph.D., Medical Psychology, Harvard Medical School); “A Brief Historyr of Use of Animals in Biomedical Research and Perspective on Non-Animal Alternatives;” ILAR Journal, Vol. 62, No. 1-2; 2021; Oxford Academic, Accessed via KU Libraries

Kinter et al. ’21

316,496

2

2,408

1,207

674,784

14,112

2AC

Elections DA

AT: CO2 Ag

Climate change makes economic growth unsustainable

Worland, 15 – TIME magazine (Justin, Climate Change Could Wreck the Global Economy, http://time.com/4082328/climate-change-economic-impact/)

Worland, 15

72,008

41

1,992

1,208

675,432

14,142

null

Elections

Immigration reform solves ag – labor force

Mike Wilson, Aug 31 2015, Farm Futures "Why immigration reform matters to agriculture," No Publication, http://farmfutures.com/story-why-immigration-reform-matters-0-131568

Wilson 15

404,087

1

2,980

1,209

515,135

6,795

1NC

Patent Law ADV

Innovation---1NC

Food disruptions are temporary and adaptable AND war turns the case

Gene Tunny 12, Economic Consultant, Trading as Adept Economics, Former Consultant with the Commonwealth Treasury, “Should We Worry About Food Security?”, Queensland Economy Watch, 7/9/2012, https://queenslandeconomywatch.com/2012/07/09/should-we-worry-about-food-security/

Tunny 12

179,583

22

2,344

1,210

3,959,420

133,874

1AC

1AC---Blockchain

1AC---FTC ADV

1. UPDATING.

null

1,619,804

1

null

1,211

1,855,375

54,476

Main Advantage- Jail Bonds

Framework

null

In this round, we should prioritize ongoing issues with the justice system

Jackson ’12 (Richard; 8/5/12; Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of Canterbury, Professor of Peace Studies at the University of Otago, Director of the National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, former senior lecturer at the University of Manchester; Richard Jackson Terrorism Blog, “The Great Con of National Security,” https://richardjacksonterrorismblog.wordpress.com/2012/08/05/the-great-con-of-national-security/; RP)

Jackson ’12

10,122

905

11,902

1,212

2,580,514

82,811

1NC

Off

T

USFG should coop with China to open source SSA data - lets activist take down the satellites

null

1,131,359

1

null

1,213

675,961

14,164

1NC

OFF

4

Market logic has a stranglehold on our thinking, making alternatives appear unrealistic. Breaking with neoclassical assumptions is a crucial prior question to avoid error replication

*GREEN

403,442

23

6,427

1,214

395,965

5,151

NEPA Good

2NC Solvency

General

NEPA review ensures effective outcomes and better policymaking – arguments to the contrary are the result of salty bureaucrats

Dreher 5 - Robert G. Dreher is the Deputy Executive Director of the Georgetown Environmental Law & Policy Institute. He served as Deputy General Counsel of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency from 1996 to 2000. Mr. Dreher has represented citizens groups, tribes and businesses in environmental matters in private practice and as a staff attorney for the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund (now Earthjustice). He teaches Natural Resources Law at the George Washington University Law School and at Georgetown University Law Center. He is a graduate of Yale Law School. “NEPA UNDER SIEGE,” http://www.arcticgas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2005-nepaundersiege.pdf, 7/17/14 BRoche

Dreher 5 - Robert G. Dreher is the Deputy Executive Director of the Georgetown Environmental Law & Policy Institute. He served as Deputy General Counsel of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency from 1996 to 2000. Mr. Dreher has represented citizens groups, tribes and businesses in environmental matters in private practice and as a staff attorney for the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund (now Earthjustice). He teaches Natural Resources Law at the George Washington University Law School and at Georgetown University Law Center. He is a graduate of Yale Law School. “NEPA UNDER SIEGE,” , 7/17/14 BRoche

252,063

6

968

1,215

1,162,635

28,558

1AC---Mexico

OFF

2AC---T---In US

Its means associated with

Oxford Dictionaries Online, No Date (“Its”, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/its?view=uk)

Oxford Dictionaries Online, No Date

14,875

66

220

1,216

106,692

1,531

United States

null

United States – USA

"United States" means the sovereign state called the "United States"

Ballentine's 95 (Legal Dictionary and Thesaurus, p. 689)

Ballentine's 95

16,262

12

64

1,217

515,918

6,832

null

1NC

1NC --- Case

The university, including debate, is only a sight of social death---that turns case.

Occupied UC Berkeley 09 ~"The Necrosocial: Civic Life, Social Death, and the UC.

Occupied UC Berkeley 09

1,058

306

6,908

1,218

516,505

6,846

Kentucky---R3---Disclosure

2AC

2AC---AT: K

Non-Unique—commodification’s inevitable—refusing to exercise dissent within classrooms naturalizes violence through submission.

OUCB 9. Occupied UC Berkeley, The Necrosocial: Civic Life, Social Death, and the UC; http://anticapitalprojects.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/the-necrosocial/, 11/19

OUCB 9

1,058

306

5,192

1,219

257,965

3,226

DA

Elections DA

2NC – Iran !

Trump has vowed to slash the Iran deal immediately, which will cause huge negative backlash in the region.’

Toosi, 15 (Nahal Toosi, foreign affairs correspondent at POLITICO, “How a Republican president could kill the Iran deal,” Politico Magazine, 7-14-15, “http://www.politico.com/story/2015/07/gop-president-iran-deal-kill-120077,” accessed 7-13-16, AG)

Toosi, 15

163,132

38

1,196

1,220

3,255,936

106,318

2AC

AT: Offcase

2AC – AT: Farm Bill – TL

No deal- conference fails to overcome broad differences over bill and fights on SNAP and conservation

Scott and Hurley 18 - Associate Legislative Directors (Author and Eryn, Naco, 7/9/18, Congress Advances farm bill, http://www.naco.org/articles/congress-advances-farm-bill, 7/12/18, DB)

Scott and Hurley 18

116,327

3

4,196

1,221

488,855

6,311

Other Advantages

Energy Diplomacy

Energy

De-escalation is key to prevent Arctic conflicts from going nuclear – draws in major powers

Wallace and Staples 10 (Michael Wallace and Steven Staples. *Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia and President of the Rideau Institute in Ottawa “Ridding the Arctic of Nuclear Weapons: A Task Long Overdue,”http://www.arcticsecurity.org/docs/arctic-nuclear-report-web.pdf)

Wallace and Staples 10

54,061

127

3,687

1,222

677,134

14,186

1NR

Oil

AT: Oil Consumption Inev in Short Term

Low-carbon policies lock in low oil prices --- depresses value by 30-50%.

Per Klevnäs, Nicholas Stern, and Jana Frejova, May 2015. **Stockholm Environment Institute and New Climate Economy; **London School of Economics; and ** New Climate Economy. “OIL PRICES AND THE NEW CLIMATE ECONOMY,” The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate, http://2014.newclimateeconomy.report/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Oil-prices-and-the-New-Climate-Economy.pdf.

Klevnäs Stern and Frejova 2015

404,718

20

599

1,223

677,168

14,190

1NR

Politics

2NC – Terror

Protectionism motivates terror – goes nuclear – ends the word

Kegl and Virtue, 9/23/15- both are journalists in London [*Agnes Kegl, **Rob Virtue, 9/23/15, “Migrant crisis and Euro tensions threaten to trigger catastrophic conflict claim experts,” http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/607158/World-War-3-Experts-raise-fears-migrant-crisis-could-lead-to-catastrophic-scenario] **citing a US economist and former William E. Simon Chair in Political Economy in the Center for Strategic and International Studies at Georgetown (Dr. Paul Roberts) and a renowned American trend forecaster and publisher of an internationally distributed quarterly Trends Journal (Gerald Celente)\

Kegl and Virtue, 9/23/15

67,173

55

5,754

1,224

447,766

5,792

Venezuela Links

Engagement

Political Capitala – Republicans

Engagement unpopular – The U.S. wants Venezuela to make the first move

De Córdoba & Muñoz, Wall Street Journal, 13 [José de Córdoba and Sara Muñoz, Staff writers covering Latin America, January 11th 2013, The Wall Street Journal, “Venezuela, U.S. Start Talks to Mend Ties,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324581504578235911777903292.html, Accessed 7/7/13, CB]

De Córdoba & Muñoz, Wall Street Journal, 13

305,614

14

2,412

1,225

488,054

6,301

**Venezuela**

Energy Investment

2NC

Investment in Venezuelan oil is unpopular in Congress – GOP mistrust.

Jose de Córdoba1 and Sara Muñoz2, 1-11-2013, Latin American Studies at Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts, School of Journalism @ Columbia University, NY, reporter at the Wall Street Journal1, reporter at the Wall Street Journal, no I refuse to make a Linkedin account to find this person’s quals, sorry2, “Venezuela, U.S. Start Talks to Mend Ties,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324581504578235911777903292.html

de Córdoba and Muñoz 13 , “Venezuela, U.S. Start Talks to Mend Ties,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324581504578235911777903292.html

305,614

14

1,775

1,226

516,929

6,855

2NC---Round 6---Kentucky

Adv---Torts

Torts---Laundry List---2NC

More evidence.

Ord ’20 [Toby; 2020; Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford; “The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity,” Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]

Ord ’20

996

728

4,210

1,227

518,230

6,881

1AR

K

Yampolskiy

They’ve used the term “settlers”. This hampers spectral haunting and props Euro-narrativse that all they did was “settle”. “Invaders” is the Alt.

Johansen ‘7

318,525

12

2,560

1,228

677,204

14,194

1NR

Politics

Trade Impact Run

Bioweapons cause extinction

Sandberg & Ćirković 8—Research Fellow for the Future of Humanity Institute @ Oxford University & senior research associate @ Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade [Anders Sandberg (PhD in computational neuroscience from Stockholm University) & Milan M. Ćirković (Professor of physics @ University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro), “How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist, 9/9/2008, http://tinyurl.com/p4gjozx]

Sandberg & Ćirković 8

21,354

875

1,272

1,229

677,596

14,214

R3 DRR

null

1AC – Mining

North American marine biodiversity is uniquely key to taxonomic diversity.

Walsh, et al., 09 (Stephen J., Ph.D., research biologists with the U.S. Geological Survey and co-chairs of the American Fisheries Society’s Endangered Species Committee, Howard L. Jelks, M.Sc., and Noel M. Burkhead, M.Sc., “The Decline of North American Freshwater Fishes”, June 2009, http://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/walsh.html#fullbio)

Walsh, et al., 09

34,301

92

14,910

1,230

1,142,679

28,211

1NC

Case

1NC – Case

Ignoring the law allows unfettered regulation and denigration of women’s bodies – Only the topical version has any hope of achieving meaningful change

Finley 89 – Professor of law @ SUNY (Lucinda, “Breaking Women's Silence in Law: The Dilemma of the Gendered Nature of Legal Reasoning, Notre Dame Law Review, 64)

Finley 89

557,691

3

11,118

1,231

489,957

6,327

China Influence DA

UQ

General – Influence

Chinese influence displacing the US in Latin America now

Wang ’13 Wang Xiaoxia, “IN AMERICA'S BACKYARD: CHINA'S RISING INFLUENCE IN LATIN AMERICA,” Worldcrunch, 5/6/2013, http://www.worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/in-america-039-s-backyard-china-039-s-rising-influence-in-latin-america/foreign-policy-trade-economy-investments-energy/c9s11647/

Wang ’13 , 5/6/2013, http://www.worldcrunch.com/china-2.0/in-america-039-s-backyard-china-039-s-rising-influence-in-latin-america/foreign-policy-trade-economy-investments-energy/c9s11647/

291,935

2

2,850

1,232

489,985

6,314

More Definitions

Economic Engagement

Doesn’t have to be

Economic engagement does not have to be immediate – can be phased

Delury ‘9 [10/2009, John Delury is the associate director of the CCenter on US China Relations, Asia Society. Charles Kartman is the former director of the Korean Peninsular Energy Development Organization. Susan Shirk is the director in the institute on global conflict and cooperation. “North Korea Inside Out: The Case for Economic Engagement,” http://www.slideshare.net/hbroadman/quotnorth-korea-inside-out-the-case-for-economic-engagementquot]

183,866

12

704

1,233

677,704

14,216

1AC

null

1AC - IMO

Bioterror causes extinction

Sandberg 08 -- Oxford University Future of Humanity Institute research fellow, [Anders, PhD in computation neuroscience, and Milan Cirkovic, senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, "How can we reduce the risk of human extinction?" Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 9-9-2008, thebulletin.org/how-can-we-reduce-risk-human-extinction, accessed 8-13-14]

Sandberg 08

21,354

875

1,272

1,234

1,142,736

28,206

Mamk BV Disclosure r2 yale

1ac- Water Markets

Contention 2 is Modelling:

Empirics aren’t predictive---future demand gaps will be worse, making inefficient sharing institutions untenable

Peter Engelke & Russell Sticklor 15, Engelke is a Resident Senior Fellow with the Strategic Foresight Initiative at the Atlantic Council in Washington, DC.; Sticklor is a Non-Resident Research Fellow with the Stimson Environmental Security Program in Washington, DC., “Water Wars: The Next Great Driver of Global Conflict?,” National Interest, 9-15-2015, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/water-wars-the-next-great-driver-global-conflict-13842 We live in an age of great anxiety about threats to global peace and stability. Among these are worries that intense water-related stresses, now showing up in regions around the world, may become all-too-common sources of conflict. Just as often, however, concerns about water wars are dismissed as much ado about nothing. An influential school of thought has long contended future international conflicts will not be fought over this resource. Water, it says, is of such elemental importance to human existence that even long-time adversaries will be forced to accommodate one another’s needs in a water-scarce future. As water is too expensive to transport over long distances, moreover, it is very difficult to steal or plunder. And history gives some comfort to this forecast: as few wars have been fought specifically over water, it is highly unlikely humanity will start engaging in water conflicts now. Or so the thinking goes.

Engelke & Sticklor 15, Engelke is a Resident Senior Fellow with the Strategic Foresight Initiative at the Atlantic Council in Washington, DC.; Sticklor is a Non-Resident Research Fellow with the Stimson Environmental Security Program in Washington, DC., “Water Wars: The Next Great Driver of Global Conflict?,” National Interest, 9-15-2015, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/water-wars-the-next-great-driver-global-conflict-13842

11,460

251

11,333

1,235

1,136,211

28,004

1NC

Extra Cards

1NC – AT: De-Dev

The state is a necessary stasis of analysis to organize micro-politics – the aff gets coopted because individual radicalism misunderstands how power operates.

Bayat ’13 (Asef; Professor of Sociology at the University of Illinois; 2013, “Life As Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East,” pp. 41-45)

Bayat ’13

12,736

296

13,023

1,236

677,664

14,216

1AC

null

1AC - Emissions

Shipping itself makes warming inevitable - it’s more than every car in the world - an emissions based levy is key to innovation

OECD Insights 16 (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Blog, 5/4/16 “Carbon emissions all at sea: why was shipping left out of the Paris Climate Agreement?”, http://oecdinsights.org/2016/05/04/carbon-emissions-all-at-sea-why-was-shipping-left-out-of-the-paris-climate-agreement/) [Symbols to letters]

OECD Insights 16

405,018

1

5,244

1,237

697,662

15,015

null

Moral uncertainty means any risk of extinction outweighs – you can never be 100% sure about any ethical framework, so you must keep people alive to make future, improved ethical determinations

Bostrom 12 [Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority. 2012. www.existential-risk.org/concept.html]

Bostrom 12

15,765

1,536

961

1,238

677,901

14,221

DOUBLES – FULLERTON

***1AC***

Adv 2

North American marine biodiversity is uniquely key to taxonomic diversity.

Walsh, et al., 09 (Stephen J., Ph.D., research biologists with the U.S. Geological Survey and co-chairs of the American Fisheries Society’s Endangered Species Committee, Howard L. Jelks, M.Sc., and Noel M. Burkhead, M.Sc., “The Decline of North American Freshwater Fishes”, June 2009, http://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/walsh.html#fullbio)

Walsh, et al., 09

34,301

92

14,910

1,239

698,808

15,071

1

null

RLOAD solves the aff and deterrence

Phillips, 6 -- retired physicist and physician who did radar research for the British army

Phillips, 6

373,498

38

1,571

1,240

519,151

6,902

2NC---UK R6

CP

AT: Perm – Do Both

Immediately voids preemption – local movements never lose again

Jeffrey A. Parness 9, Professor Emeritus at Northern Illinois University College of Law, “American State Constitutional Equalities,” Gonzaga Law Review, 45(3), 2009, http://blogs.gonzaga.edu/gulawreview/files/2011/02/Parness.pdf

Parness 9

136,997

5

5,715

1,241

519,380

6,908

1NC---NU R4

Adv---BioD

1NC---AT: Pandemics !

Pandemics aren’t existential---empirics, biology, and isolated populations check.

Ord 20 (Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy, trustee of the Centre for Effective Altruism; “The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity;” Part Two, Section 3: Natural Risks; Hachette Books, ISBN: 978-0-316-48491-6; TM)

Ord 20

996

728

5,003

1,242

677,790

14,219

ROUND 1 – FULLERTON

***1AC***

Adv 2

North American marine biodiversity is uniquely key to taxonomic diversity.

Walsh, et al., 09 (Stephen J., Ph.D., research biologists with the U.S. Geological Survey and co-chairs of the American Fisheries Society’s Endangered Species Committee, Howard L. Jelks, M.Sc., and Noel M. Burkhead, M.Sc., “The Decline of North American Freshwater Fishes”, June 2009, http://www.actionbioscience.org/biodiversity/walsh.html#fullbio)

Walsh, et al., 09

34,301

92

14,910

1,243

520,199

6,927

null

1AC

Innovation – 1AC

Capacity for innovation solves invisible thresholds for existential pandemics – they’re coming now – new 400 year study + statistical methods

Penn 21 (Michael Penn, Director of Communications, Marketing and Alumni Relations, Duke Global Health Initiative, citing William Pan, Ph.D., associate professor of global environmental health at Duke, Marco Marani, adjunct professor at Duke department of Global Health, where he previously was a professor of civil and environmental engineering and Anthony Parolari, Ph.D., of Marquette University, is a former Duke postdoctoral researcher, Gabriel Katul, Ph.D., the Theodore S. Coile Distinguished Professor of Hydrology and Micrometeorology at Duke, “Statistics Say Large Pandemics Are More Likely Than We Thought” Duke Global Health Institute, https://globalhealth.duke.edu/news/statistics-say-large-pandemics-are-more-likely-we-thought) CULTIV8

Penn 21

10,841

64

4,980

1,244

698,875

15,074

2

null

Extinction

Nickolas Roth 17 & Matthew Bunn, research associate at the Belfer Center’s Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard University, professor of practice at the Harvard Kennedy School, 9/28/17, “The effects of a single terrorist nuclear bomb”, https://thebulletin.org/2017/09/the-effects-of-a-single-terrorist-nuclear-bomb/

Roth 17

11,438

1,128

2,303

1,245

699,162

15,087

2

null

1. “Eliminate means a complete removal – their interp is unreasonable

District Court of Minnesota ‘10 Buetow v. ALS Enterprises, Inc., 713 F. Supp. 2d 832 - Dist. Court, Minnesota 2010

District Court of Minnesota ‘10

374,669

366

859

1,246

677,900

14,220

ROUND 6 – FULLERTON

***1NC***

1NC – T Substantial

Interpretation---a “substantial increase” in emissions restrictions must cover 22% of overall GHG emissions.

Dubash et al. 13—Navroz K. Dubash a Senior Fellow at the Indian Centre for Policy Research and coordinator of its Climate Initiative [Markus Hagemann, Niklas Höhne, and Prabhat Upadhyaya “Developments in national climate change mitigation legislation and strategy,” Climate Policy, Vol. 13, No. 6, p. 649-664, Emory Libraries]

Dubash et al. 13

405,151

161

2,279

1,247

1,192,664

29,196

Case

Framework

2NC – AT: Perm – Do Both

2. Specifically in minerals

Nafeez Ahmed 20 M.A. in contemporary war & peace studies and a DPhil (April 2009) in international relations from the School of Global Studies at Sussex University. Capitalism Will Ruin the Earth By 2050, Scientists Say. Vice. 10-21-2020. https://www.vice.com/en/article/v7m48d/capitalism-will-ruin-the-earth-by-2050-scientists-say

Ahmed 20

12,010

122

2,284

1,248

1,192,671

29,150

2NC---R2---Colleyville

1NC---Case

1NC---Precipitation

4---Their author agrees. The solvency advocate wants federal regulation, they AREN’T saying that it’s true. We read green.

1AC Currier 17 [Melissa Currier; 1/1/2017; J.D. candidate; “Rain, Rain, Don ’t Go Away: Cloud Seeding Governance in the United States and a Proposal for Federal Regulation” University of Pacific Law Review, Vol. 48, Iss. 4, p. 965, https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1074&context=uoplawreview] //KL

1AC Currier 17 Proposal

28,511

3

557

1,249

521,064

6,953

1NC

Innovation Adv

null

Autonomous inventions are fake.

Lizarralde 22 – Marta Duque Lizarralde LL.M, (Doctoral Candidate and Research Associate at the Technical University of Munich (TUM), Héctor Axel Contreras, IPR Commercialisation Manager at Ericsson) “The real role of AI in patent law debates” Arrow International Journal of Law and Information Technology, Volume 30, Issue 1, Pages 23–46. Spring 2022. Accessed September 29, 2022., https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaac008

Lizarralde 22

318,338

10

2,124

1,250

678,350

14,231

1AC

null

1AC—Warming

The effect on supply is a positive feedback—causes de-carbonization.

Komanoff 15 – co-founded the CTC, Director, Energy-Policy Analyst, MA Harvard [Charles Komanoff, What an Energy-Efficiency Hero Gets Wrong about Carbon Taxes, 9/2/15, http://www.carbontax.org/blog/2015/09/02/what-an-energy-efficiency-hero-gets-wrong-about-carbon-taxes/]

Komanoff 15

405,368

20

3,626

1,251

520,954

6,951

1NC

BBNJs Adv

null

Disease can’t cause extinction

Ord ’20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]

Ord ’20

996

728

4,210

1,252

1,867,774

54,971

null

1AC

null

Sunlight is the best disinfectant—in the absence of legal protection, industry folds

Piper 19 [Kelsey, correspondent for Vox Future Perfect, 1-11-19, ““Ag-gag laws” hide the cruelty of factory farms from the public. Courts are striking them down.” https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/1/11/18176551/ag-gag-laws-factory-farms-explained . 8-6 dwrs]

Piper 19

837,527

17

1,261

1,253

678,593

14,235

GSU Round the Fifth

Case

AT: Code

Their thesis overly generalizes the completeness of illusion and hyper-reality – since it is impossible to verify whether or not there has been a total break from all past forms of social relations, we should discount their claims that our representations are meaningless.

Timothy W. LUKE, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 91 [“Power and politics in hyperreality: The critical project of Jean Baudrillard,” Social Science Journal, 1991, Vol. 28, Issue 3, Accessed Online through Emory Libraries]

LUKE 91 , 1991, Vol. 28, Issue 3, Accessed Online through Emory Libraries]

99,060

83

3,035

1,254

521,427

6,959

1NR

Liability DA

null

Specifically—it's impossible for AI inventorship to ignore the personhood question—proven by use of pronouns in patent legislation.

Robinson 22—(JD from Syracuse University College of Law). Blair Robinson. 8/12/2022. "AI Can’t Hold Patents Because They Require an “Inventor” to Be a “Natural Person””. JD Supra. https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/ai-can-t-hold-patents-because-they-7625419/.

Robinson 22

307,532

6

1,834

1,255

678,603

14,232

null

Round 2—GSU

1NC—Clean Tech Frontline

Climate change regulations increase electricity prices and create upward pressure on the grid that converges with physical pressures to collapse the system and cause massive energy poverty

Charles K. Ebinger and John P. Banks, 11/8/2013. *Senior Fellow - Foreign Policy, Energy Security and Climate Initiative, the Brookings Institute. Nonresident Senior Fellow - Foreign Policy, Energy Security and Climate Initiative, the Brookings Institute. “The Electricity Revolution,” The Brookings Institute. https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-electricity-revolution/

Ebinger and Banks 2013

377,190

51

6,375

1,256

3,297,130

108,397

1nc

Case

Framing

Realism prevents war.

Edelstein 10 – (2010, David, PhD in Political Science, Associate Professor in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service and the Department of Government at Georgetown University, “Why realists don’t go for bombs and bullets,” http://foreignpolicy.com/2010/07/21/why-realists-dont-go-for-bombs-and-bullets/)

Edelstein 10

80,995

121

3,357

1,257

1,143,239

28,045

Topicality - water resources

1AC---UNCLOS v6

2AC---T---in the US

[2] C/I---EEZ’s are in the US

White House 10, ya it’s the white house, “Final Recommendations Of The Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force July 19, 2010,” White House Council on Environmental Quality, 7/19/10, https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/opp_advisory/briefings/nov2010/optf_finalrecs.pdf

White House 10

527,221

12

650

1,258

700,686

15,151

1AC – Cal – Harker MH

1AC – Miscalc

Contention 1 – Advantage

Moral uncertainty means any risk of extinction outweighs – you can never be 100% sure about any ethical framework, so you must keep people alive to make future, improved ethical determinations

Bostrom 12 [Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority. 2012. www.existential-risk.org/concept.html]

Bostrom 12

15,765

1,536

961

1,259

678,994

14,240

2AC

Econ DA

2AC--Econ DA

Warming turns growth and creates new poverty traps—extreme weather, sea level rise, damage to crop production collapse the economy.

Worland 15 (Justin, Writer for TIME “Climate Change Could Wreck the Global Economy”. http://time.com/4082328/climate-change-economic-impact/)

Worland 15

72,008

41

1,992

1,260

701,034

15,166

1AC – Stanford – Harker MH

1AC – Miscalc

Contention 2 – Framing

Moral uncertainty means any risk of extinction outweighs – you can never be 100% sure about any ethical framework, so you must keep people alive to make future, improved ethical determinations

Bostrom 12 [Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority. 2012. www.existential-risk.org/concept.html]

Bostrom 12

15,765

1,536

961

1,261

701,179

15,174

null

Moral uncertainty means any risk of extinction outweighs – you can never be 100% sure about any ethical framework, so you must keep people alive to make future, improved ethical determinations

Bostrom 12 [Nick Bostrom, Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority. 2012. www.existential-risk.org/concept.html]

Bostrom 12

15,765

1,536

349

1,262

1,143,731

28,086

2AC

Guidance

T/L---2AC

Guidance Documents are left in draft form to avoid public input, agency response, and judicial review.

Weidner 20 (Chase Weidner, Judicial Law Clerk at United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, 2020, ew York University Annual Survey of American Law, "HE GUIDANCE DOCUMENT DILEMMA: REFORMING THE FDA'S USE OF GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY, 75 N.Y.U. Ann. Surv. Am. L. 137", https://advance-lexis-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/api/document?collection=analytical-materials&id=urn:contentItem:60RS-9R21-FGJR-2358-00000-00&context=1516831.)//veronica

Weidner 20

35,293

16

2,425

1,263

679,535

14,253

null

2AC - Framework

Without consequences debate is replaced by ideological extremes which turns the critique

Christopher A. Bracey 6, Associate Professor of Law, Associate Professor of African & African American Studies, Washington University in St. Louis, September, Southern California Law Review, 79 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1231, p. 1318

Bracey 6

41,912

638

1,683

1,264

1,143,383

28,052

1NC

Case

Proper

Liberalism isn’t inherently violent and their impact conflates it with other structural issues

Teschke, Sussex IR professor, 2011

9,241

172

5,887

1,265

522,489

6,979

1NC

Research adv

5

Disease can’t cause extinction

Ord ’20 [Dr. Toby Ord, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126]

Ord ’20

996

728

4,210

1,266

701,268

15,181

null

Advantage

2 - Nuclear terror causes global nuclear war

Hayes, 18 -- Nautilus Institute director and University of Sydney Centre for International Security professor

Hayes, 18

1,783

845

9,947

1,267

679,808

14,262

OCTAS – NU

***1NC***

1NC – Critique

Capitalism causes environmental destruction and wars

Parr 13—Associate Professor of Philosophy and Environmental Studies at the University of Cincinnati [Adrian, THE WRATH OF CAPITAL: Neoliberalism and Climate Change Politics, p. 145-147]

Parr 13 , p. 145-147]

51,704

299

2,443

1,268

679,813

14,258

Critique

Alt Answers

Alt Fails

Proposing alternative non-capitalist economics out of nowhere is of zero value. Environmental reform of capitalism is key.

John BARRY, Director of the Institute of Governance, Public Policy and Social Research and Co-Director of the Centre for Sustainability and Environmental Governance at Queen’s University Belfast, ‘7 [“Towards a model of green political economy: from ecological modernisation to economic security,” Int. J. Green Economics, Vol. 1, No. 3/4, 2007 p. 446-464, http://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1504/IJGE.2007.013071]

BARRY ‘7

139,742

80

3,964

1,269

701,393

15,190

Miscalc Aff

AC

Adv. 2

Nuclear terror causes global nuclear war

Hayes, 18 -- Nautilus Institute director and University of Sydney Centre for International Security professor

Hayes, 18

1,783

845

9,947

1,270

680,037

14,264

1AR Cards

Amendment CP

1AR – Perm Both

“Resolved” means to deliberate

Merriam Webster 9 [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/resolved]

Merriam Webster 9

1,159

532

299

1,271

680,676

14,283

QUARTERS – USC

***1NC***

1NC – T Substantial

Interpretation---a “substantial increase” in emissions restrictions must cover 22% of overall GHG emissions.

Dubash et al. 13—Navroz K. Dubash a Senior Fellow at the Indian Centre for Policy Research and coordinator of its Climate Initiative [Markus Hagemann, Niklas Höhne, and Prabhat Upadhyaya “Developments in national climate change mitigation legislation and strategy,” Climate Policy, Vol. 13, No. 6, p. 649-664, Emory Libraries]

Dubash et al. 13

405,151

161

2,279

1,272

701,998

15,218

null

1AC Larp

Adv- Hormuz

Article 9 is key- Japan just said it’s the main cause for opting out

Kyodo News 19 KYODO NEWS. "Japan defense chief has "no plan" to dispatch SDF to Middle East." Kyodo News+, 16 July 2019, english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/07/41f7029fb641-japan-defense-chief-has-no-plan-to-dispatch-sdf-to-middle-east.html.

Kyodo News 19

414,340

3

1,743

1,273

702,113

15,223

null

Util

null

2. Extinction must matter under any framework. Traditional ethics must be abandoned in the face of extinction in order to ensure that deliberation over the alternatives can continue.

Bostrom ’11 Nick Bostrom ‘11, “The Concept of Existential Risk”, 2011, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School & Faculty of Philosophy http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.html

Bostrom ’11

15,765

1,536

1,276

1,274

384,473

4,995

Practice Debate – 1NC Off-Case

Human Involvement CP

Human Involvement CP---1NC

The CP solves the aff but guarantees AI oversight.

Lyon et al 17 [Mark Lyon is a partner, Alison Watkins is a senior associate and Ryan Iwahashi is an associate in the Palo Alto, California, office of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, “When AI Creates IP: Inventorship Issues To Consider”, 8-10-2017, https://www.law360.com/articles/950313/when-ai-creates-ip-inventorship-issues-to-consider] IanM

Lyon et al 17 IanM

241,255

9

1,491

1,275

524,473

7,033

1NC

Case

Framing

Prioritizing human ontology over nuclear war ignores biodiversity loss and entrenches the human-centered paradigm he critiques

Macauley 96—Associate prof of philosophy and environmental studies, Penn State (David, Minding Nature, p 74)

Macauley 96 (David, Minding Nature, p 74)

179,852

12

1,465

1,276

1,190,481

29,145

1AR---Michigan R5---Mamaroneck MR

2AC---OFF

2AC---Federalism

Extinction.

Gettings ’1 [Paul, Professor of Geophysics, at U of Utah, Weapons of Mass Destruction]

Gettings ’1

10,430

13

667

1,277

335,706

4,267

null

2NC Elections Impacts

2NC Ext – Kills Deal

The Iran deal would put a Republican president in a bind– a commander in chief from the GOP would spell destruction of the agreement

Toosi 15 (Nahal, foreign affairs correspondent at POLITICO "How a Republican president could kill the Iran deal" 7/14/15 www.politico.com/story/2015/07/gop-president-iran-deal-kill-120077.html) Foronda ***edited for gendered language

null

163,132

38

1,670

1,278

1,144,476

28,119

1AR

Cap

1AC---Solvency---Michigan

—Bottlenecks and consumer sentiment

Long, 21 (Heather Long, Economics correspondent at the Washington Post, 9-1-2021, The Washington Post, "Welcome to September and the ‘I don’t know’ economy", https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/09/01/september-not-return-to-normal-economy/)/peyton

Long, 21

514,069

2

2,122

1,279

681,285

14,296

1NC

Off

1NC – Neolib K

Capitalism causes extinction—rejection of small adjustments in favor of system change is necessary.

Adrian PARR, Chair of Taft Faculty and Director of the Charles Phelps Taft Research Center, holds a joint appointment in the Department of Political Science and the School of Architecture and Interior Design, 13 [The Wrath of Capital: Neoliberalism and Climate Change Politics, 2013, p. 145-147]

PARR 13

51,704

299

4,760

1,280

681,602

14,300

1NC

1NC – Neolib K

null

Capitalism causes extinction—rejection of small adjustments in favor of system change is necessary.

Adrian PARR, Chair of Taft Faculty and Director of the Charles Phelps Taft Research Center, holds a joint appointment in the Department of Political Science and the School of Architecture and Interior Design, 13 [The Wrath of Capital: Neoliberalism and Climate Change Politics, 2013, p. 145-147]

PARR 13

51,704

299

4,760

1,281

178,133

2,312

Economy DA

Link Offense

Labor Shortages---2AC

Refugees fill labor shortages --- saves econ

Ardalan 17 [Sabi Ardalan, assistant director os Harvard Immigration and Refugee Clincal program, assistant clinical professor at Harvard Law School, “Fulfilling U.S Commitment to Refugee Resettlement: Protecting Refugees, Preserving National Security &Building The US economy Through Refugee Admissions” published by Texas A&M University of Law, fall 2017, accessed 7/12/17, 5 Tex. A&M L. Rev 155] In addition to furthering the nation's foreign policy and national security objectives, refugee resettlement also helps the United States economically. Studies have shown that refugees in the United States typically "integrate well into their new communities" with "similar rates of labor force participation and business ownership." n94 According to the International Rescue Committee, eighty-five percent of the refugees the organization resettles are employed within six months. n95

Ardalan 17 [Sabi Ardalan, assistant director os Harvard Immigration and Refugee Clincal program, assistant clinical professor at Harvard Law School, “Fulfilling U.S Commitment to Refugee Resettlement: Protecting Refugees, Preserving National Security &Building The US economy Through Refugee Admissions” published by Texas A&M University of Law, fall 2017, accessed 7/12/17, 5 Tex. A&M L. Rev 155]

104,295

9

2,902

1,282

1,867,826

54,974

Neg

Off Case

1NC – DA

Extinction – nuke terror guarantees retaliation – their impact defense is dated and wrong

Peter Hayes 18, PhD from Berkeley, Director of the Nautilus Institute and Honorary Professor at the Centre for International Security Studies at the University of Sydney, "NON-STATE TERRORISM AND INADVERTENT NUCLEAR WAR", NAPSNet Special Reports, January 18, 2018, https://nautilus.org/napsnet/napsnet-special-reports/non-state-terrorism-and-inadvertent-nuclear-war/

Hayes 18

1,783

845

43,892

1,283

681,707

14,300

1NC

Innovation

1NC – Manu

No risk of manufacturing decline – productivity and expansion are up – jobs don’t matter

Moran and Oldenski 14 [Theodore H. Moran, Marcus Wallenberg Chair at the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University and Lindsay Oldenski, Assistant Professor at the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University; Non-resident senior fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics. “US manufacturing: in strong condition”, 8-12-14, https://agenda.weforum.org/2014/08/us-manufacturing-base-productivity-employment/, msm]

209,146

5

11,107

1,284

525,629

7,057

2NC

Fetal Personhood DA

2NC---Uniqueness---Top

Kavanaugh proves.

Isaac Chotiner and Leah Litman 22, Chotiner is a writer at the New Yorker and Litman is an assistant professor of law at the University of Michigan, 6-28-22, “How the Supreme Court Could Approach Federal Laws Upholding—or Banning—Abortion,” New Yorker, https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/how-the-supreme-court-could-approach-federal-laws-upholding-or-banning-abortion

Chotiner and Litman 22

314,205

5

15,131

1,285

1,144,880

28,131

2AC

Off-Case

2AC – AT: Set Col K

Pessimism actively reifies settler dominance – Framing settler colonialism through a totalizing lens makes indigenous liberation impossible by setting the terms of victory as all-or-nothing

Busbridge 18 Research Fellow at the Centre for Dialogue, La Trobe University (Rachel, “Israel-Palestine and the Settler Colonial ‘Turn’: From Interpretation to Decolonization,” Theory, Culture & Society Vol 35, Issue 1, 2018, dml)

22,868

653

9,305

1,286

682,274

14,311

null

Risk Advantage

2NC – High Mag

High magnitude scenarios should come first despite low probability—our impact threatens all of humanity and theirs doesn’t

Sandberg et al 2008 – *James Martin Research Fellow at the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University, postdoctoral research assistant for the EU Enhance project, **PhD candidate in Health Policy and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, special consultant to the Center for Biosecurity at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and co-founder of New Harvest, **senior research associate at the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, assistant professor of physics at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Montenegro (Anders Sandberg, Jason G. Matheny, Milan M. Ćirković, “How Can We Reduce the Risk of Human Extinction”, http://thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/how-can-we-reduce-the-risk-of-human-extinction)

Sandberg et al 2008

21,354

875

5,996

1,287

3,316,263

109,189

T – National Service MASTER

Politics

Impeachment 1NC

1. Base is high now

Bedard 9/14 Paul Bedard, the Washington Examiner's "Washington Secrets" columnist, “Comeback poll: Trump's base returns, up with younger and black voters” September 14, 2017 http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/comeback-poll-trumps-base-returns-up-with-younger-and-black-voters/article/2634368

Bedard 9/14

1,142,636

26

3,021

1,288

682,307

14,317

null

Carbon Tax CP

1NC – Carbon Tax CP

It’s anti-neoliberal – which solves the case

Andrew et al 10 (Jane Andrew & Mary A. Kaidonis—economics and business faculty in the University of Sydney & Brian Andrew, School of Accounting and Finance, University of Wollongong, “Carbon tax: Challenging neoliberal solutions to climate change”, Critical Perspectives on Accounting 21 (2010) 611–618)

Andrew et al 10

405,569

29

1,999

1,289

1,867,969

54,981

1NC

Off

1NC

It competes - Treaties are not enacted

Ripple 09, Circuit Judge., 12-9-2009, "Sobitan v. Glud, 589 F.3d 379," https://casetext.com/case/sobitan-v-glud-2

Ripple 09

837,632

2

1,506

1,290

1,145,086

28,158

BLOCK

1NC---Advantage 2

O/V

PC is finite---controversies elsewhere drain Biden’s effectiveness.

Niall Stanage 21, Associate Editor and White House Columnist at The Hill, Former Editor of Magill Magazine, Author of Redemption Song: An Irish Reporter Inside the Obama Campaign, “The Memo: Biden Gambles That He Can Do It All”, The Hill, 1/24/2021, https://thehill.com/homenews/the-memo/535502-the-memo-biden-gambles-that-he-can-do-it-all

Stanage 21

29,309

80

2,679

1,291

527,385

7,110

null

We must respect and hold sacred indigenous knowledge to “de-capitalize” nature from its most molecular reality. By understanding Land as person, nature’s chemical singularities and arrangements are no longer first seen through a socio-cultural lens that allows for pharmaceutical exploitation of Land and Indigenous Knowledge while minimizing effectiveness of medicines.

Christian Tym, 1-2-2020, The University Of Sydney, "Medicine as microcosm: Pharmaceutical bioprospecting and the political epistemology of nature in industrial–capitalist and indigenous Amazonian societies," SAGE Journals, https://journals-sagepub-com.proxy.wichita.edu/doi/full/10.1177/2514848619897876?utm_source=summon&utm_medium=discovery-provider

Tym 20

321,218

2

4,331

1,292

682,345

14,317

null

Carbon Tax CP

AT: information

Baudrillard’s critique offers no way out of hyperreal simulation.

LUKE, Timothy W. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 91 [“Power and politics in hyperreality: The critical project of Jean Baudrillard,” Social Science Journal, 1991, Vol. 28, Issue 3, Accessed Online through Emory Libraries]

LUKE 91

406,767

14

3,951

1,293

702,758

15,243

1NR

Election DA

They Say: “Uniqueness Overwhelms”

Our link is enough to flip the election.

Tanenbaum 9/10 — Andrew Tanenbaum, Professor Emeritus of Computer Science and former Dean of the Advanced School for Computing and Imaging at the Vrije Universiteit (Amsterdam), Founder of Electoral Vote Predictor—a website that conducts poll analysis to project the outcome of U.S. elections, former Academy Professor at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, holds a Ph.D. in Astrophysics from the University of California-Berkeley, 2016 (“Election Could Get Even More Unpredictable,” Electoral Vote Predictor, September 10th, Available Online at http://www.electoral-vote.com/evp2016/Pres/Maps/Sep10.html#item-3, Accessed 09-10-2016)

Tanenbaum 9/10

414,626

19

691

1,294

1,867,187

54,932

1AC

1AC---Flex

1AC--- Agriculture

Increasingly severe water crises cause extinction

Barlow 10 [Maude Barlow gave this speech to the Environmental Grantmakers Association annual retreat in Pacific Grove, California. A former U.N. Senior Water Advisor, Barlow is National Chairperson of the Council of Canadians and founder of the Blue Planet Project. Barlow, Maude. “Advice for Water Warriors.” Yes Magazine, November 11, 2020. https://towardfreedom.org/global-news-and-analysis-global-news-and-analysis/advice-for-water-warriors/.]

Barlow 10 .]

49,250

52

3,976

1,295

1,868,012

54,985

null

1AC

null

Sunlight is the best disinfectant—in the absence of legal protection, industry folds

Piper 19 [Kelsey, correspondent for Vox Future Perfect, 1-11-19, ““Ag-gag laws” hide the cruelty of factory farms from the public. Courts are striking them down.” https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/1/11/18176551/ag-gag-laws-factory-farms-explained . 8-6 dwrs]

Piper 19

837,527

17

1,261

1,296

703,667

15,272

null

T-FW

null

2. Limits OW ---bounded debate is the only way to guarantee preparation and defense against a well-prepared opponent---that’s a prerequisite to using the form of debate effectively, no matter what for. Disruption alone isn’t justification for an aff ballot, they need an interpretation that guarantees pre-round relationality, genuine argumentative challenges and an agreed-upon end-point. Their model of debate allows the most powerful to disrupt the communicative forum – their interp is an insular victory at best and disastrous at worst for debate’s liberatory potential.

Hansen, PhD, 18

9,303

34

14,781

1,297

527,514

7,115

null

Case

Disease can’t cause extinction

Dr. Toby Ord 20, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126 Are we safe now from events like this? Or are we more vulnerable? Could a pandemic threaten humanity’s future?10 The Black Death was not the only biological disaster to scar human history. It was not even the only great bubonic plague. In 541 CE the Plague of Justinian struck the Byzantine Empire. Over three years it took the lives of roughly 3 percent of the world’s people.11 When Europeans reached the Americas in 1492, the two populations exposed each other to completely novel diseases. Over thousands of years each population had built up resistance to their own set of diseases, but were extremely susceptible to the others. The American peoples got by far the worse end of exchange, through diseases such as measles, influenza and especially smallpox. During the next hundred years a combination of invasion and disease took an immense toll—one whose scale may never be known, due to great uncertainty about the size of the pre-existing population. We can’t rule out the loss of more than 90 percent of the population of the Americas during that century, though the number could also be much lower.12 And it is very difficult to tease out how much of this should be attributed to war and occupation, rather than disease. As a rough upper bound, the Columbian exchange may have killed as many as 10 percent of the world’s people.13 Centuries later, the world had become so interconnected that a truly global pandemic was possible. Near the end of the First World War, a devastating strain of influenza (known as the 1918 flu or Spanish Flu) spread to six continents, and even remote Pacific islands. At least a third of the world’s population were infected and 3 to 6 percent were killed.14 This death toll outstripped that of the First World War, and possibly both World Wars combined. Yet even events like these fall short of being a threat to humanity’s longterm potential.15 [FOONOTE] In addition to this historical evidence, there are some deeper biological observations and theories suggesting that pathogens are unlikely to lead to the extinction of their hosts. These include the empirical anti-correlation between infectiousness and lethality, the extreme rarity of diseases that kill more than 75% of those infected, the observed tendency of pandemics to become less virulent as they progress and the theory of optimal virulence

Ord 20, Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy at Oxford University, DPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford, The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, Hachette Books, Kindle Edition, p. 124-126

996

728

1,863

1,298

683,279

14,345

Fullerton 4

1ac

1AC Solvency—CAFOs

State reform is key to access and empowerment – individual solutions reproduce neoliberalism

Alkon and Mares 11 – Ph.D., Associate professor of sociology at University of the Pacific; Ph.D., Associate Professor of anthropology, specializing in immigration and food movements (Alison Hope and Teresa Marie, “Food soveriengty in US food movements: radical visions and neoliberal constraints,”Agric Hume Values, November 16, 2011, http://blog.uvm.edu/tmares/files/2016/05/AlkonMares2012.pdf) The farmers market created by West Oakland’s managers, vendors, and customers certainly coheres with a vision of food sovereignty in which a community defines its own food and agricultural system. Food is sustainably produced and culturally appropriate, and the market aims to provide economic benefits to black farmers and consumers. However, while advocates of food sovereignty tend to contextualize their demand in a critique of the political economy of the corporate food regime, the West Oakland Farmers Market is more aligned with the food justice paradigm, in which a critique of institutional racism is central.

Alkon and Mares 11

406,777

10

4,636

1,299

527,812

7,127

null

1AC

Debate is not a subculture of competition hermetically sealed from the race war “out there” – Harvard should not be a graveyard of arguments but an antagonistic occupation of scholarly spaces of deliberation

OUCB 9 (Occupied UC Berkeley, The Necrosocial: Civic Life, Social Death, and the UC; http://anticapitalprojects.wordpress.com/2009/11/19/the-necrosocial/, 11/19 //shree)

OUCB 9

1,058

306

5,192