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e3f601c6cb3d478496169308fa35dd5c | How is corneal damage caused by keratitis treated? | Symptoms to look out for: Severe pain Blurred vision Tearing Redness Extreme sensitivity to light Discharge Treatment usually includes antibiotic or antifungal eyedrops. Some people need antiviral drugs and steroid eyedrops. |
030ac436716c6c2f41b4448934256a66 | How does ocular herpes (herpes of the eye) damage your cornea? | Ocular Herpes ( Herpes of the Eye): Like fever blisters, this viral infection can come back again and again. The main cause is the herpes simplex virus I ( HSV I), the same one that leads to cold sores. It can also result from the sexually transmitted herpes simplex virus II ( HSV II) that causes genital herpes. This condition creates sores on the cornea. Over time, the inflammation can spread deeper into your cornea and eye. |
ef55ca5f3326d7f400deb592fa1ac3ce | How can herpes zoster (shingles) affect my cornea? | Herpes Zoster ( Shingles): You can only get it if you had chickenpox. The itchy illness goes away, but the virus that causes it doesn't leave your body. It stays in your nerves, but it isn't active. Later in life, it can travel down those nerves and infect specific body parts like your eye. A shingles rash on the face can cause sores on your cornea. They usually heal by themselves, but antiviral medication and topical steroid eyedrops can ease inflammation. |
1e4c74860f9ab74bd553772cc5be54ef | What causes cornea problems related to keratoconus? | Causes include: Genetics (you can inherit a tendency for the condition from a parent) Eye trauma (from rubbing your eyes a lot) Eye diseases like retinitis pigmentosa, retinopathy of prematurity, and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, along with Down syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, Addison's disease, Leber's congenital amaurosis, and Ehlers- Danlos syndrome are associated with keratoconus. |
42866940a477e5d67149f59aea48fcfe | What does corneal disease mean? | The term corneal disease refers to many conditions that affect this part of your eye. These include infections, tissue breakdown, and other disorders you get from your parents. Your cornea usually heals itself after most minor injuries or infections. |
c5a78ab751f1294b12b209afb6197d6a | How are cornea problems diagnosed? | If you have them, go to your eye doctor. |
d358d6486166b66e44acdcd45f2fd1ce | How are cornea problems caused by map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy treated? | You may also notice: Moderate to severe pain Increased sensitivity to light Excessive tearing A feeling that something is in your eye Treatments include an eye patch, a soft contact lens "bandage," eyedrops, ointments, "tacking it down," or removing the loose layer. This is a minor procedure your doctor can do in her office. |
4d14dab52f6873577dcac9934fb59239 | Who can get Fuchs' dystrophy? | Signs of the disease may appear in your 30s or 40s, but it takes about 20 years for it to affect your vision. Women get it more often than men. |
b386c8f67695968805a7b5f24d7a73ab | What are symptoms of corneal damage caused by keratitis? | Symptoms to look out for: Severe pain Blurred vision Tearing Redness Extreme sensitivity to light Discharge Treatment usually includes antibiotic or antifungal eyedrops. |
2b5e9b163c9c7ecf8f4a47bffbbe3aa4 | Is lattice dystrophy treatable? | Treatments include: Prescription eyedrops Ointments Eye patches Corneal transplant Symptoms may go away with treatment, but over time you may need a corneal transplant. Results of this surgery are usually good, but the condition can come back. |
e81a999b9fb586c18607af754b20174b | How are cornea problems caused by lattice dystrophy treated? | Treatments include: Prescription eyedrops Ointments Eye patches Corneal transplant Symptoms may go away with treatment, but over time you may need a corneal transplant. Results of this surgery are usually good, but the condition can come back. |
f37a6e55e56b2994772bc97cad90f841 | How does keratitis damage your cornea? | Keratitis: This inflammation sometimes occurs after viruses, bacteria, or fungi get into the cornea. They can get in after an injury and cause infection, inflammation, and ulcers. If your contact lenses cause an eye injury, that, too, can lead to keratitis. |
d0019b3a7de8322dfc7617a2bfdcb942 | How does map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy affect your cornea? | It usually affects adults over 40. It's usually painless, doesn't affect your vision, and gets better without treatment. But sometimes the epithelial layer can get worn down and expose the nerves that line your cornea. That causes severe pain, especially when you wake up in the morning. It can also change your cornea's normal curve and cause astigmatism, nearsightedness, or farsightedness. |
856f3277c5deff559c33bb7d27204db1 | How does Fuch's dystrophy cause cornea problems? | Fuchs' dystrophy: This inherited condition causes a slow breakdown of endothelial cells and the swelling of the cornea. This makes it harder to remove water from your stroma. Your eye swells and your vision gets worse. Haze and small blisters may appear on the surface. |
6af065f09786e0bd720425463a805249 | What are corneal dystrophies? | Corneal Dystrophies: There are more than 20 of these diseases. They cause structural problems within your cornea. |
ec61c331d06905bd91045205c96cd47e | What is map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy? | This affects the back layer of your epithelium, which separates it from the stroma. It grows irregularly (thick in some places, thin in others). |
c93b8cc5a9f9ada7ae59308767f766c0 | What could happen if your cornea gets damaged? | If your cornea is damaged by disease, infection, or an injury, the resulting scars can affect your vision. They might block or distort light as it enters your eye. |
c3bea06802ec541df0d820078a557cff | How does lattice dystrophy cause cornea problems? | Treatment includes: Eyedrops/ointments Drying your swollen cornea with a hair dryer (at arm's length) two or three times a day Corneal transplant (full or partial) Lattice dystrophy: This is abnormal protein fibers in the stroma. It can happen at any age, but early changes can be seen in childhood. It gets its name from the clear overlapping lines of proteins. They can make your cornea cloudy and reduce your vision. They could wear down your epithelial layer. |
9320af370938f13f2cf1957e3b15dd48 | What causes erection problems? | Common physical causes of sexual problems include the following: Diabetes, especially if you have type 2 diabetes Hypogonadism, in which the testicles do not produce enough testosterone Thyroid disorders (both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) Adrenal lesions ( Cushing's syndrome) Noncancerous pituitary growths that increase levels of a hormone called prolactin Diseases that affect the nervous system, including strokes, spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, long-standing diabetes, and Parkinson's disease Damage to arteries or veins following pelvic surgery (such as prostate, colon, or bladder surgery) or after radiation treatment Conditions that affect the penis directly, such as Peyronie's disease (penile curvature) or injury to the penis itself or to the arteries, veins, or nerves that supply the penis Cardiovascular (heart) disease Blockages in the blood flow to the penis Leaky veins Conditions or behaviors that increase the risk of vascular disease, such as smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, and obesity, or the medications to treat these and other disorders Premature ejaculation ( PE) is usually not due to physical causes, although the problem is sometimes linked to a neurological disorder, prostate infections, or urethritis. |
688e32a0ec039895708b77bf18fa6a9f | Can medications cause sexual problems? | Many medications have been implicated in sexual dysfunction, causing inhibited sexual desire and/or erectile dysfunction, such as: Drugs to treat high blood pressure Diuretics (including thiazides and spironolactone) Histamine blockers Antidepressant medications Common over-the-counter preparations (particularly antihistamines and decongestants) Antipsychotic medications Sedatives Medications used to treat anxiety Use of drugs, including alcohol, methadone and heroin, anabolic steroids, and tobacco Psychological Factors in Sexual Problems Psychological factors play an important role. |
5f59898db136f68f5f1e9659a8f6d4ed | What causes low sexual desire? | Possible psychological causes of sexual dysfunction include: Anxiety Guilty feelings about sex Sexual aversion disorder Learned behavior pattern of rapid ejaculation seen with frequent masturbation or infrequent sexual activity Painful intercourse usually has physical causes such as these: An infection of the prostate, urethra, or testes, which can be initiated by sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and genital herpes An allergic reaction to spermicide or condoms Peyronie's disease, fibrous plaques on the upper side of the penis that often produce a painful bend during erection Arthritis of the lower back Lack of sexual desire may be due to any of these factors: Physical illness Hormonal abnormality (usually low testosterone levels) Medications that affect libido Alcohol or recreational drug abuse Psychological causes, including depression or relationship problems, which a therapist may help identify Retrograde ejaculation may occur in men from these causes: Prostate or urethral surgery Medication that keeps the bladder neck open Diabetes (which can injure the nerves that normally close the bladder during ejaculation) Priapism may be caused by: Penile trauma Medical conditions such as sickle cell disease, leukemia, gout, diabetes Certain medications, including those used to treat erectile dysfunction Can Medication Cause Sexual Problems? |
04ba3fe017a4d81ab32f88c94e63dba3 | How can environmental factors contribute to sexual problems in men? | You may find it difficult to enjoy a sexual relationship if: You are under a lot of stress Your relationship is troubled You have a history of traumatic sexual encounters (rape or incest) You were raised in a family with strict sexual taboos You're afraid of getting your partner pregnant or of contracting a sexually-transmitted disease You have negative feelings (including guilt, anger, fear, low self-esteem, and anxiety) You are depressed You are severely fatigued Environmental Factors in Sexual Problems You may find it difficult to enjoy sex if there is no safe, private place to relax and allow yourself to become sexual, or if fatigue due to an overly busy work and personal life robs you of the energy to participate sexually. Parents may find it difficult to find the time to be sexually intimate, given the demands/presence of their children. Fear of contracting HIV (human immunodeficiency virus, which can lead to AIDS), the difficulties of striving for "safer sex," and the psychological effects of discrimination are just a few of the factors that can cause anxieties for men. |
24606f2c0009f4ad9dd8a1a4f4f5f3b4 | What causes retrograde ejaculation? | Possible psychological causes of sexual dysfunction include: Anxiety Guilty feelings about sex Sexual aversion disorder Learned behavior pattern of rapid ejaculation seen with frequent masturbation or infrequent sexual activity Painful intercourse usually has physical causes such as these: An infection of the prostate, urethra, or testes, which can be initiated by sexually transmitted diseases, such as chlamydia and genital herpes An allergic reaction to spermicide or condoms Peyronie's disease, fibrous plaques on the upper side of the penis that often produce a painful bend during erection Arthritis of the lower back Lack of sexual desire may be due to any of these factors: Physical illness Hormonal abnormality (usually low testosterone levels) Medications that affect libido Alcohol or recreational drug abuse Psychological causes, including depression or relationship problems, which a therapist may help identify Retrograde ejaculation may occur in men from these causes: Prostate or urethral surgery Medication that keeps the bladder neck open Diabetes (which can injure the nerves that normally close the bladder during ejaculation) Priapism may be caused by: Penile trauma Medical conditions such as sickle cell disease, leukemia, gout, diabetes Certain medications, including those used to treat erectile dysfunction Can Medication Cause Sexual Problems? |
31e28b96739f87d2af5de3328d2d7676 | What causes osteoporosis? | Until about age 30, a person normally builds more bone than he or she loses. During the aging process, bone breakdown begins to outpace bone buildup, resulting in a gradual loss of bone mass. Once this loss of bone reaches a certain point, a person has osteoporosis. |
006911dc35812ffa210cb8f08db27a69 | How can I get calcium if I am lactose intolerant? | Although most dairy products may be intolerable, some yogurt and hard cheeses might be digestible. You can also eat lactose-containing food by first treating it with commercial preparations of lactase (which can be added as drops or taken as pills). There are also lactose-free dairy products you can buy. You can also eat lactose-free foods high in calcium, such as leafy green vegetables, salmon (with bones), and broccoli. There are many foods that are fortified with calcium too, such a some orange juices and breads Weight-bearing exercises are activities that make your muscles work against gravity. |
0c2e7ad5d28c8960ca8c3c39a9cc3fcb | How is osteoporosis treated? | Menopausal women who have had fractures Treatments for established osteoporosis (meaning, you already have osteoporosis) include: Medications such as alendronate ( Binosto, Fosamax), ibandronate ( Boniva), raloxifene ( Evista), risedronate ( Actonel, Atevia), and zoledronic acid ( Reclast, Zometa) Calcium and vitamin D supplements. |
1123e4993251f3ecf10a94235153d9c8 | How do I protect myself from fractures if I have osteoporosis? | If you have osteoporosis, it is important to protect yourself against accidental falls, which may result in fractures. Take the following precautions to make your home safe: Remove loose household items, keeping your home free of clutter. Install grab bars on tub and shower walls and beside toilets. Install proper lighting. Apply treads to floors and remove throw rugs. |
f406408f04d955bcff14da06a7c3fb93 | Are there tests for osteoporosis? | Bone mineral density ( BMD) tests, or bone measurements, are X-rays that use very small amounts of radiation to determine bone strength. |
d7b5d228006203080967a768f860d5af | How is osteoporosis related to menopause? | There is a direct relationship between the lack of estrogen during perimenopause and menopause and the development of osteoporosis. Early menopause (before age 45) and any prolonged periods in which hormone levels are low and menstrual periods are absent or infrequent can cause loss of bone mass. |
fd450410ebbf34fc7a93cd5255d22e4a | Can I take hormone therapy to treat osteoporosis? | Weight-bearing exercises (which make your muscles work against gravity) Injectable abaloparatide ( Tymlos), teriparatide ( Forteo) or PTH to rebuild bone Injectable denosumab ( Prolia, Xgeva) for women at high risk of fracture when other drugs don't work Hormone therapy Hormone therapy [estrogen] isbelieved to be useful in preventing or alleviating the increased rate of bone loss that leads to osteoporosis. However, using hormone replacement therapy for prevention of osteoporosis alone -- not to treat menopausal symptoms -- is not recommended by the FDA. If you are using hormone therapy only for osteoporosis prevention, be sure to talk to your doctor so you can weigh the benefits of hormone therapy against your personal risk and consider other medications for your bones. If needed, your doctor can prescribe different treatments to help prevent osteoporosis. |
88fca7dc51cce919ace0f066f90d6aa1 | Who is more likely to get osteoporosis? | Petite and thin women have a greater risk of developing osteoporosis in part because they have less bone to lose than women with more body weight and larger frames. |
0ddf125d03a1fa344c066ae26eae6500 | Can weight-bearing exercises help with treating osteoporosis? | There are many foods that are fortified with calcium too, such a some orange juices and breads Weight-bearing exercises are activities that make your muscles work against gravity. Walking, hiking, stair-climbing, or jogging are all weight-bearing exercises that help build strong bones. Thirty minutes of regular exercise (at least 3 to 4 days a week or every other day) along with a healthy diet may increase peak bone mass in younger people. Older women and men who engage in regular exercise may experience decreased bone loss or even increased bone mass. |
4b3c02d35facf90c666a4f5505bad315 | What are the symptoms of pinworm infection? | Most people who are infected don't have any. If you do, they might include any of the following: Anal itching, especially at night Restless sleep Itching of the vaginal area -- if adult worms move to the vagina Feeling irritable Abdominal pain that comes and goes Talk to your doctor if you have severe anal itching -- especially at night. |
9cbca4300767ff242666b223d9cf5fb5 | Which over-the-counter medications may your doctor recommend for a pinworm infection? | Your doctor may recommend an over-the-counter treatment like pyrantel pamoate ( Reese's Pinworm Medication, Pin- X). He might also prescribe medication to everyone in your household to prevent infection and re-infection. |
41d1ba24dd5c08b2ce965f69b6c1457e | What are the complications of pinworm infection? | Most of the time, pinworm infections don't cause serious problems. In rare cases, and especially if you have a lot of them, the pinworms can travel from the anal area up the vagina to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and around the pelvic organs. This can cause inflammation of the vagina -- what doctors call vulvovaginitis. |
64eb3605cd68674a30e6a7dc4cbdfff9 | How do you get pinworm infection? | The eggs can also live on surfaces like clothing, bedding, or other objects. If you touch one of these items and then put your fingers in your mouth, you'll ingest the eggs. About a month later, the eggs hatch in your intestines and mature into adult worms. Female pinworms move to your anus area to lay their eggs. This causes anal itching. If you scratch the area, the eggs cling to your fingers and get under your nails. If you touch other surfaces or objects, you could spread the worms. |
ee0ec52d4fb31a53a558fa40a85a4e98 | How is a pinworm infection diagnosed? | If you, your child, or someone in your household has symptoms of pinworm infection, call your doctor and ask about the tape test. Simply take a clear piece of tape and press the sticky side to the skin around the anus. Do this as soon as you or your child wake up -- before you use the bathroom, shower, or get dressed. The pinworm eggs will stick to the tape. You'll need to repeat this test three days in a row, then take all the pieces of tape to your doctor. He'll view them under a microscope. |
30fb17326aefbd0a1cf409cbfee37776 | How often will someone need to get checkups in between eye exams? | You'll need to get checkups more often if you have health conditions or a family history of vision problems likes glaucoma, macular degeneration, or corneal diseases. When else should you see the eye doctor? If you have a sudden vision change, eye pain, or severe irritation. |
80da33be581836785d457ff27ffc17e2 | Why are vision tests important during an eye exam? | The doctor will check your close and distance vision. You'll read from charts of random letters. She may also test other aspects of your vision -- like your ability to see in 3- D, your side vision (called peripheral vision), and color perception. |
ca2f2760231058b6a7baee418fb7e946 | What other conditions could an eye exam discover? | Eye exams can help spot early signs of glaucoma, diabetes, high blood pressure, and arthritis. If the doctor finds anything odd, you may need a follow-up with your regular doctor or a specialist. |
b9060657ea845cd9784888d4c6437b8b | What is an eye exam? | She'll check all the parts of your eye. You may need drops to dilate -- or widen -- your pupils. This gives the doctor a clear view of the inside of your eye. These drops makes your eyes sensitive to light for a few hours. You'll need to wear sunglasses until they wear off. You may need someone to drive you home. The doctor will as also check your peripheral vision and how well your eye muscles work together. |
2a8f584fee57867017bf7f44e96c7c6c | How should I choose an eye doctor? | Should you choose an optometrist ( OD) or an ophthalmologist ( MD) for your initial eye exam? If this is a routine checkup, you can go with either one. If you have or think you might have an eye problem like cataracts or glaucoma, or a health condition like diabetes, choose an ophthalmologist. |
cb8f54ab805e142fd4731f8c7b408e57 | What should I bring to an eye doctor appointment? | Your glasses or contacts (if you wear them). Ask if you should stop wearing your contacts for a few days before the visit. A list of any health conditions or allergies A list of all medications and supplements you take A list of any specific questions you have about your eye health Your medical insurance information. Most policies don't cover routine eye care, but if there is a diagnosis, such as dry eyes or glaucoma, you might get coverage. Vision insurance will cover some routine eye care, but most ophthalmologists ( MDs) don't take part in these plans. |
2bbd2db1d60ca7b73ff976977afc0441 | What should someone do before leaving their eye exam? | Make sure you have a copy of your eyeglasses prescription, if you need one. Understand where you should go to get your glasses or contacts prescription filled. Make sure you have instructions about how to use any medication if you need it. Make sure you have a copy of your glasses prescription, if you need one. Ask where to get the prescription filled. Get instructions on how to use medication if you need it. Schedule your next appointment or checkup. |
88a2015c82a97b82983219d019ceabc2 | How often should I get an eye exam? | Everyone needs eye exams. Different medical organizations have different recommendations for how often you need to go. A good rule of thumb: Young adults: Once in your 20s and twice in your 30s. Adults: At age 40 with regular follow-ups, depending on your health. Adults 65 and older: Every 1-2 years. Children: At birth, 6 months, 3 years, and before entering grade school. This is often happens along with regular doctor visits or pre-school checkups. |
cc21cd037f5d71c20ae0896e5bac703b | Why is patient history important in an eye exam? | Your doctor will ask about your general health and any family history of eye diseases. |
2f1109c734e8d01a3a4b7d68fd7606d1 | How many people get Crohn's disease? | As many as 700,000 Americans have the disease. Although there's no cure, there are treatments to manage it. |
4f6c7bed2e19dd39e6324b0981e2ccfe | What can I do to protect my brain from the effects of type 1 diabetes? | The best defense is to control your blood sugar, eat a healthy diet, and follow all of your doctor's instructions. The longer your levels stay really high or low, or swing to extremes, the more likely your brain will be affected. Continuous glucose monitors are a great tool, since they measure blood sugar every 5 minutes. |
828cec30c79f3b0f408d8db4850f26dd | How does type 1 diabetes affect a child's brain? | Brain scans show differences between a child with diabetes and one without. Still researchers found no major differences in their IQs, mood, behavior, and learning and memory skills. It's still unknown if the disease can affect things like their muscle movements and how fast they process information. |
06e70c5f350aabc47a1025897eb9bf72 | How does type 1 diabetes affect my brain? | High blood sugar levels and the stress of managing a long-term disease are to blame. The best defense is to control your blood sugar, eat a healthy diet, and follow all of your doctor's instructions. The longer your levels stay really high or low, or swing to extremes, the more likely your brain will be affected. |
23662b201124ccde7f2aaf6938dd0df0 | How does type 1 diabetes affect an adult's brain? | Adults who've had type 1 for a long time have slower physical and mental reactions. The condition doesn't seem to impact a person's learning and thinking skills, researchers say. But memory and attention span can be affected. Type 1, like type 2, is linked with a high rate of depression. |
8e47628aafdab49bcb39e1c372fa0fad | Why would someone need radiation after a modified radical mastectomy (MRM)? | Depending on the size of your tumor and whether the cancer has spread to your lymph nodes, your doctor might recommend that you have radiation after your surgery. This helps kill any remaining cancer cells. |
88c563529fea5427e991ba0660dff09e | What are the risks associated with having a modified radical mastectomy (MRM)? | Although research has found MRM to be generally safe and effective, like all surgical procedures it can have risks. They include: Bleeding Infection Swelling of the arm Pockets of fluid forming underneath the incision (called seromas) Risks from general anesthesia Some people have numbness in the upper arm after surgery. It's caused by damage to small nerves in the area where the lymph nodes are taken out. There is a good chance that you'll regain most of the feeling in your arm over time. Lymph nodes that are removed will be sent to a lab to see whether the cancer has spread to them. |
5b3669d7790a7678b96052e8aebd7978 | How effective is a modified radical mastectomy (MRM)? | It's especially helpful for treating early-stage breast cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes. Studies show MRM is as effective as a traditional radical mastectomy, but takes much less of a toll on a woman's appearance. Because of the success with MRMs, traditional radical mastectomies are rarely done today. |
46e5039e7e9c5170d987130c89ed2e80 | What is the goal of modified radical mastectomy (MRM)? | The goal of the surgery is to remove the cancer but preserve as much of the skin and tissue as possible so that you can have breast reconstruction, if you chose. |
b034a4cf089431e30356282f2e15565f | What happens during a modified radical mastectomy (MRM)? | MRM doesn't remove chest muscles like a traditional radical mastectomy does. During the procedure, the surgeon removes the breast, including the skin, breast tissue, areola, and nipple, and most of the lymph nodes under the arm. The lining over the large muscle in the chest is also removed, but the muscle itself is left in place. Following a traditional radical mastectomy, women often have a hollow in the chest. Because the chest muscle is kept in place with an MRM, this doesn't happen. |
62aafe2e397ca4127424824d5ca31dbb | What happens after a modified radical mastectomy (MRM)? | After your surgery, you'll stay in the hospital for one or two nights. Thin plastic tubes will be placed in your breast area and attached to small suction devices to drain any fluid. You'll need to keep these drains in for up to 3 weeks. The hospital staff will show you how to care for them until your follow-up visit with the doctor. Your doctor will prescribe medication for any pain you feel after surgery. After a week or two, you can usually treat your discomfort with over-the-counter pain relievers. There's a good chance that you'll feel tired after your surgery. Try to take a break and rest during the 2 weeks following your surgery. |
6c55c149a64f0f7ee8e38135942bc757 | What if medicines don't work to treat homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | If different combinations of medicine aren't doing the job, your doctor may ask you to try a treatment called apheresis. It removes cholesterol from your blood. It's a little bit like dialysis, the treatment that's used for kidney disease. You go to a clinic or hospital where some of your blood is removed through a tube called a catheter. LDL cholesterol is taken out of your blood before it's returned to your body. The procedure takes several hours, and you'll need to do it regularly. |
6d4d5478a1b6c84f8db6a827e749a1c7 | What happens if no treatments are working for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | Sometimes, none of the treatments work. In that case, you might need a liver transplant. The new liver will have normal LDL receptors that will remove the bad cholesterol from your blood. Your doctor will put you on a waiting list for a liver from a donor. A liver transplant is major surgery, and it could take you 6 months to a year before you can return to your regular lifestyle. After your transplant, you'll need to take drugs that prevent your body from rejecting the new liver. |
c9e5bad4bb54c9ec98f3caa903accde9 | Is having support important if you have homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | Make sure you have a support network in place that you can give you an emotional lift when you need it. You can also join a support group to get ideas and help from other people who know what you're going through. |
2f38a1fcc47f045091c3fba3a3ff5945 | Where can you find more information about medicines and specialists for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | To learn more about homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, visit the web site of the FH Foundation. It's got information about how to join a clinical trial and where to find specialists. |
25136e147ed0fd6f068acfffc78dccf6 | What are common physical symptoms of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | You may have yellow, waxy patches on your skin over the elbows, knees, and buttocks. These are called xanthomas. Yellowish fat deposits called xanthelasmas can develop in your eyelids. Also, you can get gray or white circles around your cornea, the clear front part of the eye. |
8f5249974cabc718819d07fddae79ea1 | What do you need to know if you are considering a liver transplant for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | If you're considering a liver transplant, you'll probably need to get some emotional support from family and friends. Support groups can also help by putting you in touch with people who are also getting transplants. Ask your doctor about educational workshops that can help explain what to expect before and after a transplant. |
c7948e5531f1c346cc46b23ba27db252 | What are questions for your doctor about homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | Are there drugs that can help lower my cholesterol? How do you check if my treatment is working? If diet and drugs don't lower my cholesterol, are there other treatments that can help? Will my children inherit my condition? |
05120c9f8465cbdb1d7d3d48cbd5ec91 | What are some foods you should avoid if you have homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | Try to avoid or limit sources of saturated fat and cholesterol, such as: Red meat Butter Whole milk Coconut and palm oils Egg yolks Try to exercise every day, which also will help control your cholesterol levels. |
4fb2baab1ae3dee25f79cd4011b5f29b | What do high levels of LDL cholesterol cause? | When you have high levels of LDL, cholesterol builds up in your arteries, the blood vessels that supply oxygen to your heart. The cholesterol can eventually block them and shut off the flow of blood and oxygen to your heart, causing a heart attack. |
10369dccb9dd7ae816d76f63bd2bb6d9 | What is the main sign of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | The main sign that you have this condition is very high levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. For instance, you may have a total cholesterol level of 600 points or higher. By comparison, the American Heart Association recommends the ideal total cholesterol number be less than 200. |
d8d9dbeb03cddb9021eff66799ee537b | What causes homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | When you have homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, you inherit two copies of a gene that isn't working right, one from each of your parents. Normally, the liver removes extra LDL cholesterol from the blood using particles called LDL receptors. These receptors attach to LDL cholesterol and play a key role in keeping your cholesterol levels under control. When you have this disease, the faulty gene keeps the LDL receptors from working right. Your cholesterol levels get high. |
338320e15bd870fa4c2c1133839b07dd | What are questions your doctor might ask you to help diagnose homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | Some symptoms of heart disease you may have include: Chest pain (angina) Rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath Your doctor will do a physical exam and also take some blood tests. To help make a diagnosis, he may ask you: Have you noticed any yellowish patches on your skin? Do you have any chest pain? Have you ever noticed that you're short of breath? Does your heartbeat ever seem rapid? Do your parents have high cholesterol? |
82ed311fca6f23fedde13eb84b91d0c7 | What is the main goal of treating homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia? | The goal is to lower your LDL cholesterol levels, and your risk for heart disease. Your doctor will probably recommend that you stick to a diet that's low in saturated fat, cholesterol, and sugar. He may need to try different combinations of drugs and treatments until he finds one that works best for you. |
63ef9e56887b38ee4f27d0ab1cd2e9ea | What is erectile dysfunction? | Erectile dysfunction, also known as ED or impotence, is the inability to attain or maintain an erection of the penis adequate for the sexual satisfaction of both partners. It can be devastating to the self-esteem of a man and of his partner. As many as 30 million American men are afflicted on a continuing basis, and transient episodes affect nearly all adult males. But nearly all men who seek treatment find some measure of relief. |
c5107ee744d346065a9939a83f2dea8a | What causes erectile dysfunction in older men? | Because erections primarily involve the blood vessels, it is not surprising that the most common causes in older men are conditions that block blood flow to the penis, such as atherosclerosis or diabetes. Another vascular cause may be a faulty vein, which lets blood drain too quickly from the penis. Other physical disorders, as well as hormonal imbalances and certain operations, may also result in erectile dysfunction. The vascular processes that produce an erection are controlled by the nervous system and certain prescription medications may have the side effect of interfering with necessary nerve signals. Among the possible culprits are a variety of stimulants, sedatives, diuretics, antihistamines, and drugs to treat high blood pressure, cancer, or depression. |
0497278fd048014fc9ecb5a6246ed9c9 | Could your eyes be red because of dry eyes? | And sometimes the eye can't make tears at all. This condition is called dry eye. It can cause pain, ulcers on your cornea or even, in rare instances, some vision loss. Besides eye redness, you may have some other symptoms of dry eye: A gritty feeling A burning sensation in the eye Occasional blurred vision Heavy eyelids Inability to cry Eye fatigue When your eyes aren't dry, you get a lot of tears A stringy discharge Discomfort with contact lenses Also known as conjunctivitis, pinkeye is when the lining inside your eyelid and the white of your eye become inflamed. |
9b7ed14428537568039e053c75ef8a55 | Could your eyes be red because of a broken vessel? | Other symptoms include: More tears than usual Your eyes burn, itch, or feel gritty White, yellow, or green discharge from your eyes Your eyes are more sensitive to light You get a crust on your eyelid or eyelashes This happens when tiny blood vessels break beneath the surface of your eye. The blood is trapped and makes the white of your eye look bright red. It can be caused by an intense sneeze, heavy lifting, hard vomiting, or even rubbing your eye a little too hard. Usually, the eye does not hurt. Broken blood vessels cause other symptoms like: A bright red area on your eye along with the general redness A scratchy sensation Sometimes fluid builds up in the front part of the eye. |
3a78cfb7deee239ff253c000c51a11eb | Could your eyes be red because of glaucoma? | Broken blood vessels cause other symptoms like: A bright red area on your eye along with the general redness A scratchy sensation Sometimes fluid builds up in the front part of the eye. This causes pressure on the eye and can damage the optic nerve. This is called glaucoma, and is the leading cause of blindness for people 60 and over. The usual form of glaucoma is generally painless. An unusual form of acute glaucoma can cause symptoms such as: Severe pain in the eye Headache Decreased or blurred vision Rainbows or halos in your vision Nausea and vomiting It's usually nothing to worry about, as long as it only happens every now and then and doesn't last long. |
fba505b397d912ce07a94f0b2082a5f7 | When should you call a doctor about red eyes? | You should call a doctor if, along with red eyes, you also have: A sudden change in vision Sensitivity to light Sudden halos around lights Severe headache, pain in the eye, or fever Nausea or vomiting A foreign object or substance in your eye Swelling in the eye Inability to keep the eye open |
ff01b23d4f370f7ad459659ca3f2894d | What should I do about my red eyes? | An unusual form of acute glaucoma can cause symptoms such as: Severe pain in the eye Headache Decreased or blurred vision Rainbows or halos in your vision Nausea and vomiting It's usually nothing to worry about, as long as it only happens every now and then and doesn't last long. You might find temporary relief in over-the-counter eye drops, such as tear substitutes that wash and moisten the eye. But remember, routine and repeated use of these âget the red outâ drops will make the problem worse with your eyes becoming dependent on the drops and becoming even more red when the drops wear off. In that case, you could try a different brand or stop using them completely. Decongestants can help the itchiness along with the redness of allergies. |
2d134a58699bc0d63e4a3eb15814e289 | Will pinkeye make my eyes red? | Besides eye redness, you may have some other symptoms of dry eye: A gritty feeling A burning sensation in the eye Occasional blurred vision Heavy eyelids Inability to cry Eye fatigue When your eyes aren't dry, you get a lot of tears A stringy discharge Discomfort with contact lenses Also known as conjunctivitis, pinkeye is when the lining inside your eyelid and the white of your eye become inflamed. Causes can include a virus, bacteria, an allergy, or irritants like swimming pool chlorine. It's very common, especially among children, and is very contagious. Other symptoms include: More tears than usual Your eyes burn, itch, or feel gritty White, yellow, or green discharge from your eyes Your eyes are more sensitive to light You get a crust on your eyelid or eyelashes This happens when tiny blood vessels break beneath the surface of your eye. |
2250efb0cb6b09e277d5b0981768bbd4 | Could glaucoma make my eyes red? | Broken blood vessels cause other symptoms like: A bright red area on your eye along with the general redness A scratchy sensation Sometimes fluid builds up in the front part of the eye. This causes pressure on the eye and can damage the optic nerve. This is called glaucoma, and is the leading cause of blindness for people 60 and over. The usual form of glaucoma is generally painless. An unusual form of acute glaucoma can cause symptoms such as: Severe pain in the eye Headache Decreased or blurred vision Rainbows or halos in your vision Nausea and vomiting It's usually nothing to worry about, as long as it only happens every now and then and doesn't last long. |
d4d4532d581a1aa148c28fccc65e9194 | Could your eyes be red because of allergies? | Allergy triggers may make your eyes red. Outdoor causes include pollen from grasses and trees. Indoor triggers include pet dander, dust or mold, or irritants like perfume and smoke. In these cases, your eyes may also have: Itching Burning Tearing You may also have nasal allergy symptoms, such as sneezing and a stuffy nose. |
69c82d8f90d0726d5f9967cda05d6e95 | Do glucagon and insulin work similarly? | Glucagon and insulin, another kind of hormone, should work as a team to keep your blood sugar in balance. The cells in your pancreas that make glucagon are similar to cells that make insulin. Your body needs it to turn blood sugar into fuel. |
4bdb092c1df4d0c05374b5811076e0c5 | How can you treat low blood sugar? | You can treat mild hypoglycemia with a sugary snack, drink, or glucose tablet. This can quickly get your blood sugar levels back to normal. |
9de30cc9828d807660ff42be18d72d13 | What does glucagon do? | To help you keep the level steady and healthy, your body makes a hormone called glucagon while you sleep and after you eat. It's made in your pancreas, a small organ above your liver, and it can raise levels of glucose, or sugar, in your blood. That's the fuel your muscles and organs use to work and stay healthy. Glucagon helps your liver break down the food you eat to make glucose. |
640ff08abde799e733da0b113f68f2df | How does glucagon and insulin affect your blood sugar levels? | Glucagon and insulin, another kind of hormone, should work as a team to keep your blood sugar in balance. The cells in your pancreas that make glucagon are similar to cells that make insulin. Your body needs it to turn blood sugar into fuel. If you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make insulin or doesn't make enough. This can change how your body makes glucagon. Usually, food gives your body the sugar and energy it needs. Glucagon levels then go down because your liver doesn't need to make more sugar to fuel your muscles. With diabetes, your pancreas doesn't stop making glucagon when you eat. This can raise your blood sugar levels too much after your meals. You also may make too much glucagon if you've had a sudden weight loss for any reason. It's rare for someone to make too little glucagon, though this sometimes happens in babies. |
d827de5e8244be2311d1ab5493a61406 | How can you inform others about how to manage low blood sugar? | If you've fainted, someone can give you a shot of the hormone to boost your blood sugar levels. Your doctor can prescribe an emergency glucagon kit. |
75ed93914ae98340c4bcbf36d64a51b2 | Can you have hypoglycemia in your sleep? | You might have it if you feel you are: Confused Dizzy Having difficulty with speech Headachy Hungry Lightheaded Nauseous Nervous Shaky or unsteady Sweaty You can have hypoglycemia in your sleep, too. That can cause nightmares or night sweats. You may cry out in your sleep or wake up feeling tired or confused. |
6b8f01834e204861be6d8da382cbf06d | Can you make too much glucagon? | You also may make too much glucagon if you've had a sudden weight loss for any reason. It's rare for someone to make too little glucagon, though this sometimes happens in babies. |
8293825c85bedea82e0676f2798233ed | What happens if your blood sugar gets too low? | If your blood sugar gets too low, you may pass out or even go into a coma. People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. But you also can get it if you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin. It's important for all people with diabetes to watch their blood sugar levels. |
c10544ae15e9837fc3b09ff1ac8d6705 | How do you know if you have low blood sugar? | If your blood sugar drops too low, you can get hypoglycemia. This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out. |
8104392ca2aed5ff132d654f9c3a3416 | What can happen if you have low blood sugar? | If your blood sugar gets too low, you may pass out or even go into a coma. People with type 1 diabetes are at higher risk for this severe type of hypoglycemia. But you also can get it if you have type 2 diabetes and take insulin. It's important for all people with diabetes to watch their blood sugar levels. |
1b1374df115d16480a54bbf4cfa88dca | What does hypoglycemia mean and what are its symptoms? | If your blood sugar drops too low, you can get hypoglycemia. This can make you feel dizzy or sluggish or even pass out. |
beeadc56d60095342f65469ba809caf5 | How can you treat hypoglycemia? | You can treat mild hypoglycemia with a sugary snack, drink, or glucose tablet. This can quickly get your blood sugar levels back to normal. |
ab037972cbf5dd1db23dba5b10c9b38e | What are the symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis? | Symptoms: Gradual pain in the lower back and buttocks Lower back pain that worsens and works its way up the spine Pain felt between the shoulder blades and in the neck Pain and stiffness in the back, especially at rest and when getting up Pain and stiffness that get better after activity Pain in the middle back and then upper back and neck (after 5-10 years) If the condition worsens, your spine may become stiffer. It may become hard to bend for everyday activities. |
df554eff2e483b0661c8c0836d24f394 | What doctors treat rheumatic diseases? | If your regular doctor thinks you have a rheumatic disease, he'll probably send you to a rheumatologist -- a doctor who's specially trained to treat them. |
1cc3a287910cc15fa8ec352359ea8edc | What are the symptoms of lupus? | Symptoms: Joint pain Fatigue Joint stiffness Rashes, including a "butterfly" rash across the cheeks Sun sensitivity Hair loss Blue or white fingers or toes when exposed to cold (called Raynaud's phenomenon) Problems in other organs such as the kidneys Blood disorders, such as anemia and low levels of white blood cells or platelets Chest pain from inflammation of the lining of the heart or lungs Seizures or strokes Diagnosis: Your doctor will ask about your medical history, do a physical exam, and order lab tests of blood and urine samples. |
657cbecafefbaf2e0b23fb45f6eee5bb | Are there distinct rheumatic diseases? | Years ago, conditions like this fell under the broad heading of rheumatism. Now there are more than 200 distinct rheumatic diseases. Among the most common ones are: Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) Lupus Spondyloarthropathies -- ankylosing spondylitis ( AS) and psoriatic arthritis ( Ps A) Sjogren's syndrome Gout Scleroderma Infectious arthritis Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Polymyalgia rheumatica Most of these conditions happen when your immune system goes awry and attacks your own tissues. |
55c8af1d1ede4c4993be42f0b9c3fd1a | What are the symptoms of Sjorgen's syndrome? | Symptoms: Dry eyes (the glands in your eyes don't make enough tears) Eye irritation and burning Dry mouth (the glands in your mouth don't make enough saliva) Tooth decay, gum disease, or thrush Swollen glands on the sides of your face Joint pain and stiffness (rarely) Internal organ diseases (rarely) Diagnosis: Your doctor will do a physical exam and ask about your medical history. |
c4977beafd3ad86ae6e8cc5a2ada4430 | What are symptoms of lupus? | Symptoms: Joint pain Fatigue Joint stiffness Rashes, including a "butterfly" rash across the cheeks Sun sensitivity Hair loss Blue or white fingers or toes when exposed to cold (called Raynaud's phenomenon) Problems in other organs such as the kidneys Blood disorders, such as anemia and low levels of white blood cells or platelets Chest pain from inflammation of the lining of the heart or lungs Seizures or strokes Diagnosis: Your doctor will ask about your medical history, do a physical exam, and order lab tests of blood and urine samples. |
192c65d21cff3a1121c581999477f767 | What is osteoarthritis (OA)? | It results from damage to cartilage, the cushiony material on the end of your bones. As it wears down, your joints hurt and become harder to move. It usually affects the knees, hips, lower back, neck, fingers, and feet. |
0391b0b030ff8f4723815f7574e3149a | What is ankylosing spondylitis? | Anti-double stranded DNA antibody ( Anti-ds DNA) Anti- Smith antibody ( Anti- Sm) ⢠Ankylosing Spondylitis What it is: Ankylosing spondylitis usually starts gradually as lower back pain. It usually involves the joints where the spine attaches to the pelvis, known as the sacroiliac joints. Ankylosing spondylitis is more common in young men, especially from the teenage years to age 30. |
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