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087939274a18126048d9229a0488e779 | How do white blood cells react to germs? | It reads a tell-tale âfingerprintâ of proteins on the surface of cells, so it can tell the difference between your own cells and what shouldn't be there. Your white blood cells aim to destroy the unwelcome guests. |
c2e80fe63038d67fab1357f3f81536c0 | How do white blood cells form and where do they live? | They get their start in your bone marrow. They have a short life -- ranging from a few days to a few weeks -- so your body constantly makes more. There are different types, and they all have the same goal: to fight infection. They wait, poised for duty, in many different places in your body, including your: Thymus Spleen Tonsils Blood vessels Lymph nodes Small intestine Adenoids Blood vessels Your lymphatic system is like an inner highway that carries white blood cells through your body. |
3e6c63eb2e231643f3c8eecb794b89e6 | How does your immune system react to foreign bodies? | It releases white blood cells and other chemicals that destroy these threats. Or it causes a reaction, like a sneeze, to boot out a virus in your nose. It's an elite squad of agents that zap invaders -- like bacteria, viruses, and fungi -- ASAP. |
845def7f61a6cfe6804c33b3f8cdc228 | How does infection occur? | You nick your skin and bacteria get in. Or you rub your eyes, not realizing that the doorknob you touched had a cold virus on it. Or you ate something that maybe wasn't cooked or cleaned as well as it should have been. And just like that, you've got an unwanted guest in your body. |
5d566975cfe45d1e049d23a16408617c | How can a person with cystic fibrosis (CF) avoid germs when he visits the gym? | For instance: Wipe down equipment with an alcohol-based gel before you use it. Wash your hands after you touch any surface -- from treadmills to hairdryers. Stay at least 6 feet away from anyone who's sick. |
7c36ba14ef8f69e4d02a274de1a27f56 | Why does a person with cystic fibrosis (CF) often need extra calories? | It doesn't make the enzymes it needs to help digest food. This affects how well your body gets nutrients. You use more energy to breathe, fight infections, and maintain your weight than other people do. That's why people who have CF often need about twice the calories the average person needs in a day. Work with your CF care team to find out how many daily calories you need and the best way to get them. |
bc86d6a41f88134e35bcd177304ae4e9 | Is exercise OK for people with cystic fibrosis (CF)? | Not only is it OK to exercise, but doctors recommend it. Exercise helps clear mucus out of your lungs. It strengthens your heart and muscles. The stronger you feel, the easier it is to do everyday tasks. Choose activities that you enjoy and that keep you moving. |
8cb8d9b6f22807e29ab62bba2e02b5f3 | What can you do at home to recover after a total knee replacement? | If you go home instead of to a rehab clinic, keep these tips in mind: Help your wound heal. Don't soak it in water until it's sealed and healed. Ask your doctor for advice on when showering after surgery is safe. Eat right. Even if you don't have an appetite after the operation, make sure to eat nutritious foods. Your doctor may also suggest an iron supplement or fiber-rich foods to lower possible problems with medications. Move your new knee. Chances are you'll get a walking plan that starts inside and then takes you outside as you get stronger. On top of that, you'll do PT moves a few times a day at home. |
0c4a61b3c4c5e16606499e9031f48ec9 | How can you stay fit after a total knee replacement? | You can: Walk Swim Golf Go on light hikes Bike Dance |
113908b666711eb5ed1cd111c19afac9 | Who gets gout? | It's also more common in men over 40. Women are more likely to get it after menopause. |
fb6523520ca107bcc465def96a1adeac | Do you need surgery for a hernia? | Your doctor will likely recommend it if any of these things happen: Tissue (such as the intestine) becomes trapped in the abdominal wall. This is called incarceration. If left untreated, it may lead to strangulation. That's when the blood supply to the tissue gets cut off. The hernia becomes strangulated. This can cause permanent damage and is a surgical emergency. Strangulated organs, usually your intestines, will die, and if not removed quickly, you can become seriously ill. Call your doctor right away if you have a fever or nausea, sudden pain that gets worse, or a hernia that turns red, purple, or dark. The hernia causes pain or discomfort, or it's growing larger. |
faf13c90b1b7015f020086b4ad309673 | How is laparoscopic surgery done for a hernia? | Laparoscopic surgery: In this surgery, your abdomen is inflated with a harmless gas. This gives the surgeon a better look of your organs. He'll make a few small incisions (cuts) near the hernia. He'll insert a thin tube with a tiny camera on the end (laparoscope). The surgeon uses images from the laparoscope as a guide to repair the hernia with mesh. For laparoscopic surgery, you'll receive general anesthesia. Recovery is usually faster with laparoscopic surgery: On average, patients are back to their normal routine a week sooner than with open surgery. |
62e831577be8056a61085b18f2bbb381 | What increases the chance of high blood pressure for African-Americans? | Being African- American is a risk factor for developing high blood pressure. Others include: Increased age Excessive weight A family history of high blood pressure Having diabetes Inactivity High dietary salt and fat Low intake of potassium Smoking The more risk factors you have, the more likely it is that you have high blood pressure or will develop it in the future. |
a1bfeb2fcfd1f5e944b5019a278fc829 | How does high blood pressure affect African-Americans differently? | These problems include stroke, kidney disease, blindness, dementia, and heart disease. |
eb6a78cf8365ec6525c17169ffcb4f88 | What are anti-angiogenesis drugs for stage IV colon cancer patients? | Cancer cells need blood vessels to "feed" them oxygen-rich blood so they can grow and survive. Bevacizumab ( Avastin), ramucirumab ( Cyramza), and ziv-aflibercept ( Zaltrap) block a protein called VEGF, which helps blood vessels grow. Without a blood supply, the tumors "starve." You may get these drugs along with chemo. |
b09df7019be7f4cabbb6bed3d0e7b664 | What are EGFR inhibitors in stage IV colon cancer patients? | Cetuximab ( Erbitux) and panitumumab ( Vectibix) slow cancer growth by blocking a protein called EGFR that helps cancer cells grow. These drugs don't work well in cancers that have changes (mutations) to a gene called RAS. Your doctor will test you to make sure you don't have the RAS gene change before you get one of these drugs. |
1c38ba7ca0b31e6e8a642ee0cbeb5a92 | What are the side effects of targeted therapy for stage IV colon cancer patients? | Side effects depend on which drug you get. They can include: Loss of appetite Fatigue Diarrhea Weight loss Dry mouth Sores in the mouth or throat Rash Weakness Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs Serious side effects are rare. |
344f9e0ff50da3e0d8134936ce82190f | What are immune checkpoint inhibitors for stage IV colon cancer patients? | Nivolumab ( Opdivo) and pembrolizumab ( Keytruda) block PD-1 protein on immune cells called T cells. They help shrink and stop the growth of tumors. |
1828f0363a85a1ecdfd728fe8cfff129 | What are the side effects of chemotherapy for stage IV colon cancer patients? | There are several kinds of chemo drugs used to treat stage IV colon cancer. You may get more than one of them. Sometimes, doctors combine chemo with targeted therapy (see below). Chemo drugs can cause side effects like: Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Numbness, tingling, and weakness from nerve damage in your feet and hands Mouth sores More infections than usual You've probably heard of people losing their hair when they get chemotherapy. |
d8bec28b5c4907fca7b538e32f05da9e | When would stage IV colon cancer patients get chemotherapy? | You may get chemotherapy before surgery to shrink tumors so they're easier to remove. Chemo is sometimes given after surgery to destroy any cancer cells left behind. You might get only chemo if you can't have surgery. |
867a4758b0ed9175baea6b09cb7bbfa9 | What are the side effects of ablation or cryotherapy for stage IV colon cancer patients? | Side effects from these treatments are usually mild and can include: Fever Infection Bleeding Targeted therapies block substances that cancer cells need to grow and spread. |
afaf5e2e1d6ed199c016b98dfd36aadc | What are targeted therapies for stage IV colon cancer patients? | Side effects from these treatments are usually mild and can include: Fever Infection Bleeding Targeted therapies block substances that cancer cells need to grow and spread. They slow or stop cancer growth while sparing healthy cells. This means you may have fewer side effects than you would with chemo drugs. |
a811f2f68c49febc0b3e927ab609ea94 | What are the side effects of radiation? | Radiation can have side effects such as: Fatigue Skin redness Diarrhea Bloody stools These side effects should stop once your treatment ends. |
b68817971d3ea004dfbaf185ca222bcf | What happens after the cancerous part of the colon is removed? | After removing the part of your colon that has cancer, your surgeon may sew the ends of your intestines together so that stool can continue to pass through. You might get a colostomy, which attaches the end of your colon to an opening in your belly, where waste will leave your body. Some people only need to use a pouch while they heal from surgery. Once the colostomy is removed, you can use the bathroom normally again. |
b9ecaa57f4eab4e2226eb82bf14a9483 | How soon can someone go home after receiving ablation or cryotherapy? | Either way, you'll wear a pouch on the outside of your body to collect waste. |
fc130e3e9d16df843a545e9787ea1471 | What treatments are best for stage IV colon cancer? | Which treatment you get depends on where in your body the cancer has spread. It often spreads to the liver. It also can reach the lungs, lining of the abdomen, or lymph nodes in other parts of your body. You'll get the treatment that's most likely to work for you. |
5b2e50b5bef3c03a0aa1ec24bcf664dc | How often does chemotherapy make the hair of stage IV colon cancer patients fall out? | But the types of chemo drugs used to treat stage IV colon cancer usually don't make hair fall out. Your doctor has ways to help you manage chemo side effects and feel better during treatment. Side effects should improve once you finish treatment. |
9e9b7258269b93583a19871f8e7b9579 | What are the serious side effects of targeted therapy for stage IV colon cancer patients? | They can include: Slow wound healing Severe bleeding or bruising A hole in the wall of the stomach or intestine Your doctor may suggest you try: Immune checkpoint inhibitors. |
350a2fd133912773d523044fd18837c2 | How often do stage IV colon cancer patients receive radiation? | You'll get radiation therapy 5 days a week for a certain number of weeks. For this treatment, you'll visit your doctor's office or a hospital. A machine will aim the X-rays at your body. This is called external-beam radiation therapy. There are other types of radiation: Stereotactic radiation therapy comes from a machine outside your body. |
b1409e6be813531c80c3e5ca0af1c880 | What is stereotactic radiation therapy? | There are other types of radiation: Stereotactic radiation therapy comes from a machine outside your body. It targets a small area, like an area in the lung or liver where the disease has spread. |
16b4a79726e263627b1fde35aeb05abb | What happens after surgery for stage IV colon cancer patients? | If there isn't enough colon left, the end of your small intestine will be attached to the opening. This is called an ileostomy. Either way, you'll wear a pouch on the outside of your body to collect waste. After surgery, you might be in some pain. Some people have bowel problems like constipation or diarrhea. These side effects often go away. It might take a few weeks or months for your bowel habits to get back to normal after surgery. If the tumor blocks your colon, the surgeon could put in a tube called a stent to keep the bowel open. You'll get that stent put in during a colonoscopy. |
db63584b07818e402b2e6cac8c071393 | What is brachytherapy? | Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. |
cc5e777b285d38f3843929268052ab78 | What will the surgeon remove during stage IV colon cancer surgery? | Your surgeon will remove the part of your colon, liver, or lungs where the cancer is. She will also remove nearby lymph nodes, because cancer can spread through them to other parts of your body. |
fd4c86823ff3ef7309e58f7e493e4a0d | How can you prevent back pain? | Try sleeping on your side, with a medium-firm mattress. |
d04a5dc4fa12c01b71262b1eb61536aa | What besides pain are symptoms of back problems? | Back pain -- whether a dull ache or shooting -- is just one sign that something's going on with your back. You may also have feelings in your legs or arms: Radiating pain Numbness Tingling Weakness Uncontrolled peeing or pooping could mean a serious problem like spinal cord compression. Call your doctor right away. |
a7bad5a257037c1a0f0e8e44fad0ebae | When should you see your doctor about back pain? | You should see a doctor: After you get hurt, like in a fall or accident When the pain gets in the way of your daily activities If it lasts longer than 6 weeks, or spreads During your exam, your doctor will test your range of motion -- unless you can't move -- and check how well your nerves are working. |
0430d97601cb1685331d140f81b5421e | Can rinsing and spitting after surgery cause dry socket? | That includes people who: smoke have poor oral hygiene have wisdom teeth pulled have greater-than-usual trauma during the tooth extraction surgery use birth control pills have a history of dry socket after having teeth pulled Rinsing and spitting a lot or drinking through a straw after having a tooth extracted also can raise your risk of getting dry socket. |
ae0878180200e234635402ae743258ff | What are the symptoms of dry socket? | Instead of a dark blood clot, there will just be whitish bone. The pain typically starts about 2 days after the tooth was pulled. Over time it becomes more severe and can radiate to your ear. Other symptoms of dry socket include bad breath and an unpleasant smell and taste in your mouth. |
21ff09cdec2d00275ac15491826422ca | How does dry socket develop? | The socket is the hole in the bone where the tooth has been removed. After a tooth is pulled, a blood clot forms in the socket to protect the bone and nerves underneath. Sometimes that clot can become dislodged or dissolve a couple of days after the extraction. That leaves the bone and nerve exposed to air, food, fluid, and anything else that enters the mouth. This can lead to infection and severe pain that can last for 5 or 6 days. |
602cd08a2710e3c4cf5dff93ade4c45d | What happens during an upper endoscopy? | During an upper endoscopy, an endoscope is easily passed through the mouth and throat and into the esophagus, allowing the doctor to view the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine. |
cb811756969aff12a55d4e4854a52e13 | What is an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)? | Endoscopic ultrasound or EUS combines upper endoscopy and ultrasound examination to obtain images and information about various parts of the digestive tract. |
5f82c4fba36abcde7a8936a7913237b7 | What is an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography? | A special form of endoscopy called endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography, or ERCP, allows pictures of the pancreas, gallbladder, and related structures to be taken. ERCP is also used for stent placement and biopsies. |
6d7f204896fa7b70454e3ea577089ea6 | Who performs an endoscopy? | Overall, endoscopy is very safe; however, the procedure does have a few potential complications, which may include: Perforation (tear in the gut wall) Reaction to sedation Infection Bleeding Pancreatitis as a result of ERCP Your internist or family doctor may perform sigmoidoscopy in their office. However, all of the other endoscopy procedures are usually performed by gastroenterology specialists (gastroenterologists). Other specialists such as gastrointestinal surgeons also can perform many of these procedures. |
e66aee5c274206489406ad737e94faa2 | Is endoscopy safe? | Overall, endoscopy is very safe; however, the procedure does have a few potential complications, which may include: Perforation (tear in the gut wall) Reaction to sedation Infection Bleeding Pancreatitis as a result of ERCP Your internist or family doctor may perform sigmoidoscopy in their office. |
ab07016b7a929ec1d2fd9dccde7deba5 | Why do I need an endoscopy? | Doctors will often recommend endoscopy to evaluate: Stomach pain Ulcers, gastritis, or difficulty swallowing Digestive tract bleeding Changes in bowel habits (chronic constipation or diarrhea) Polyps or growths in the colon In addition, your doctor may use an endoscope to take a biopsy (removal of tissue) to look for the presence of disease. Endoscopy may also be used to treat a digestive tract problem. For example, the endoscope might not only detect active bleeding from an ulcer, but devices can be passed through the endoscope that can stop the bleeding. In the colon, polyps can be removed through the scope to prevent the development of colon cancer. Also, using ERCP, gallstones that have passed outside the gallbladder and into the bile duct can often be removed. |
562a64427e8c5fca79ed8dfdf7ca1b8f | What is an endoscopy? | Endoscopy is a nonsurgical procedure used to examine a person's digestive tract. Using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, your doctor can view pictures of your digestive tract on a color TV monitor. |
93a204b8e218104f4b92eb8a32cfd0d9 | What does a liver scan indicate? | Liver scans can do several important jobs: Check for liver cancer, hepatitis and cirrhosis Make tumors, abscesses, or cysts of the liver or spleen visible Help doctors see whether and how liver disease is advancing Watch the progress of treatment Look at damage to the liver or spleen from an accident Scan for any unexplained pain There are few risks for most people when having a liver scan. |
24521c6d37f0a6b1f975de52387794ef | What should I keep in mind after a liver scan? | Like any medical test or procedure, you will have to prepare for your liver scan: Tell the radiologist if you're allergic to any medications, dyes, latex, or iodine Remove your jewelry Be ready to lie still on your back for at least 30 minutes When the scan is over, drink plenty of fluids afterward and go to the bathroom as often as possible to help flush out any remaining radionuclide. You can get back to your normal activities, unless your doctor tells you otherwise. If you notice swelling or redness around the IV site, call your doctor. |
df9b437dfce4e924d8a8cefa44bec273 | Are there risks to getting a liver scan? | Liver scans can do several important jobs: Check for liver cancer, hepatitis and cirrhosis Make tumors, abscesses, or cysts of the liver or spleen visible Help doctors see whether and how liver disease is advancing Watch the progress of treatment Look at damage to the liver or spleen from an accident Scan for any unexplained pain There are few risks for most people when having a liver scan. Although the injection might cause a bit of discomfort, the amount of radioactive material you receive is tiny. Your liver and spleen, or your bone marrow, will absorb it. A patient might be allergic to the tracers, but this is very rare. You need to tell your doctor if you're pregnant, suspect you're pregnant, or if you're breastfeeding. |
807f268d99e98968b520d701ba703f09 | How can I prepare for a liver scan? | Like any medical test or procedure, you will have to prepare for your liver scan: Tell the radiologist if you're allergic to any medications, dyes, latex, or iodine Remove your jewelry Be ready to lie still on your back for at least 30 minutes When the scan is over, drink plenty of fluids afterward and go to the bathroom as often as possible to help flush out any remaining radionuclide. |
e641411773a3636355d7fd574acae583 | What are mind-body healing treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome? | Your doctor or health care provider might recommend that you try acupuncture, gentle massage, deep breathing, relaxation therapy, yoga or tai chi. The goal is to boost your energy, curb pain, or ease some of your other symptoms. |
0ab853b231c41a3f610d23fff0c9fddd | What is "mindfulness-based" stress reduction? | Some studies show that acupuncture could reduce both mental and physical fatigue and depression in people who have ME/ CFS. |
67d31dd8ae00bc082cccb8a602d712ab | Does acupuncture help with chronic fatigue syndrome? | Some studies show that acupuncture could reduce both mental and physical fatigue and depression in people who have ME/ CFS. Researchers have done some experiments where researchers compare one treatment to another or to no treatment at all. They found that certain types of massage, including tui na (a type of Chinese massage) might help with some symptoms like depression, fatigue, pain, and insomnia. " |
642de0548422de803afda57d55653f34 | What is talk therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome? | Several studies have found that a particular kind of talk therapy called cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT) might reduce your symptoms. It can also help with the depression, stress, and anxiety that often go along with chronic fatigue syndrome. However, the largest studyâone that appeared to show a benefitâhas recently come under serious criticism. So the jury is still out: CBT may help some people with chronic fatigue syndrome, but that has been proven. |
70057cb6189ba1ae39b296f4e242fb58 | Are there alternative treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome? | There are lots of alternative treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome â also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis ( ME/ CFS) or Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease ( SEID). These range from acupuncture to nutritional supplements, and people get different degrees of relief from them. There's much less research about the risks and benefits from alternative treatments. That doesn't necessarily mean that these approaches don't work. It just means that there isn't a lot of evidence one way or the other. But they help some people and are generally safe to try. Just like with any other type of treatment, it's best to talk with your doctor first, so he knows all the strategies you're trying. He can help you research what could work and watch out for any side effects. |
acf646f08979b19a096d5a86de144be2 | Does physical therapy help with chronic fatigue syndrome? | Some research has shown that graded exercise therapy can help reduce symptoms of ME/ CFE and improve stamina. This is a form of physical therapy that starts out with very little exercise and slowly adds more over time. The goal is to stop before you get tired, then go a little longer each time. Again, however, the largest study finding a benefit from graded exercise therapy has come under serious criticism. And some people with chronic fatigue syndrome feel much worse following exercise (the âpost-exertional malaiseâ that is a part of the illness. So the role of exercise in this illness is uncertain. |
81c8ee1cbc6b3eb10de9038b863894f2 | Why do some scars look sunken or pitted? | Some scars can have a sunken or pitted appearance. This kind of scarring occurs when underlying structures supporting the skin (for example, fat or muscle) are lost. Some surgical scars have this appearance, as do some scars from acne. |
3b611305ca2fd113392a2dd8588c0cf9 | How can surgery help with scars on your skin? | Although it will not remove a scar, surgery can be used to alter a scar's shape or make it less noticeable. Surgery is not recommended in cases of hypertrophic or keloid scarring (raised scars) because there is a risk of recurring scars as well as more severe scarring that results from the treatment. |
5705335fbd26e2fde56f0b5c3f945c94 | How can antihistamines help with nasal congestion and sinus pressure? | You may also find antihistamines in some multi-symptom cold medicines which can help a runny nose and sneezing. |
f840b76804cf3998dd36174d9707914e | When should you see your doctor about nasal congestion and sinus pressure? | Check in with her if you have nasal congestion and sinus pressure for more than 7 days. Make the call sooner if your symptoms are severe. |
658b0a170035f337b7e94b83af2ad737 | How can you treat nasal congestion and sinus pressure at home? | When you're stuffed up, focus on keeping your nasal passages and sinuses moist. Although people sometimes think that dry air might help clear up a runny nose, it actually has the opposite effect. Drying out the membranes will irritate them further. |
2a418ac704158cd1f43d3d10657a93ef | How can decongestants help with nasal congestion and sinus pressure? | These medicines help reduce the swelling in your nasal passages and ease the stuffiness and sinus pressure. |
9c7b2a4362be14df614127dce83f43ce | What can you do to treat nasal congestion and sinus pressure at home? | To keep your nasal passages moist, you can: Use a humidifier or vaporizer. Take long showers or breathe in steam from a pot of warm (but not too hot) water. Drink lots of fluids. This will thin out your mucus, which could help prevent blocked sinuses. Use a nasal saline spray. It's salt water, and it will help keep your nasal passages from drying out. Try a Neti pot, nasal irrigator, or bulb syringe. Use distilled, sterile water or H2 O that's been boiled and cooled to make up the irrigation solution. Rinse the irrigation device after each use and let it air dry. Place a warm, wet towel on your face. It may relieve discomfort and open your nasal passages. Prop yourself up. At night, lie on a couple of pillows. Keeping your head elevated may make breathing more comfortable. Avoid chlorinated pools. They can irritate your nasal passages. |
d6dc1ec23f9b516b7dd05fb2230fb051 | How can pain relievers help with nasal congestion and sinus pressure? | Although they won't clear up congestion, pain relievers such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and naproxen can ease the pain caused by sinus pressure. |
ac01369736fbb0efb4c56d82a7d5d916 | What might you do if you need to lose weight quickly if you are obese? | If you need to lose weight quickly to protect your health, you may consider going on a very low-calorie diet if your doctor decides it's safe for you. People aren't supposed to stay on this diet for a long time because it lacks some of the nutrients the body needs. Such diets should be done only with careful medical supervision. |
33ebc34fc9f81eb4ab8dd883ab827ff4 | What does an optician do? | They also: Check lens prescriptions Provide, adjust, and repair glasses, frames, and contact lenses Take facial measurements Help decide which type of lenses and frames will work best Order and check products, including contacts and eyeglass lenses One type isn't automatically better than the other. |
51cdeea1c3924cc06bdd3a5fdf9994f2 | What are treatments for pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)? | Pregnant women with APS get injections of blood thinners and low doses of aspirin for the entire pregnancy, up until just before delivery. Then they continue treatment after the baby is born. |
8708ef81213744cb0eccca2d66b4c84b | If you have antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) antibodies, what can make you more likely to have blood clot symptoms? | No one is certain why some people develop APS antibodies, but doctors do know that your chances are higher if you: Have an infection like HIV, syphilis, hepatitis C, or Lyme disease Are taking amoxicillin or certain blood pressure, heart-rhythm, and seizure medications Have lupus (about half of people with lupus also have APS) Have relatives with APS Again, if you have the APS antibodies you might never show signs of APS. But you're more likely to have symptoms of a blood clot if you: Get pregnant Have surgery Are obese Sit for a long time (like on bed rest or a long flight) Smoke Take birth control pills Have high cholesterol or high blood pressure Blood clots are the most common symptom of APS. |
f60a500c363c9a4f9af6188f477ea7c9 | What are things I can do to help with the treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)? | It's also important to treat any other conditions that put you at risk for blood clots, like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, diabetes, and other autoimmune disorders. You also need to stop smoking and stop estrogen therapy (either for menopause or birth control) if you have APS. |
9d9d99c63b463cd4423827cc0b9959e5 | What is antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)? | Antiphospholipid syndrome ( APS) is one of those, but plenty of people with APS never have symptoms, and there are very good treatments for those who do. APS is a disorder that affects how your blood clots, which can cause lots of issues in your body. It mostly affects young women, and sometimes the reason why you develop is unclear. But doctors do know a lot about how APS works and how to treat it. |
b6dafe1c671f47d8769a3d16815331f1 | What are follow-up treatments for toxic shock syndrome? | Go to a hospital emergency room or see a doctor for these symptoms, especially if the person has been using tampons, a diaphragm, or contraceptive sponge or has a skin wound or infection: High fever that appears suddenly Faintness Headache Muscle aches Vomiting Diarrhea Sunburn-like rash Confusion The doctor will do an exam and blood tests. If toxic shock syndrome is diagnosed, the person will likely be hospitalized and treated with intravenous antibiotics. |
7d01e749cbf953d78624c3126bd8bff5 | What should you do about toxic shock syndrome? | The person shows signs of shock. See Shock Treatment. Go to a hospital emergency room or see a doctor for these symptoms, especially if the person has been using tampons, a diaphragm, or contraceptive sponge or has a skin wound or infection: High fever that appears suddenly Faintness Headache Muscle aches Vomiting Diarrhea Sunburn-like rash Confusion The doctor will do an exam and blood tests. |
41042920f2e84bd738f5012ca99e5de4 | What are the symptoms of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) in children? | The most common form shows up around puberty. Children lose body fat from their arms, legs, and trunk while they gain fat in their face, chin, and neck. They'll get dark, velvety skin in folds and creases. They could have insulin resistance and an enlarged liver, too. |
3800be5e32b1dc99d30ea21895fd7337 | How can I help my child manage their inherited lipodystrophy? | Because this condition affects how someone looks, care and compassion are as important as medicine. Focus on keeping your child healthy and giving her a meaningful, rewarding life. Set the tone for others. Be positive and open-minded. People may not know how to react or what to say to keep from prying or offending or embarrassing you. When someone asks about her, be matter-of-fact about her condition. Do what you can to boost self-esteem. Try to focus your praise on achievements, rather than appearance. Encourage friendships. But kids will be kids, so prepare her for unkind looks and words. Help her practice how she can respond with role-play and humor. Think about getting professional counseling. Someone with training can help your child and your family sort out their feelings as they deal with the challenges of this disease. |
1629bf0a5ad1cb48e958fb66a2a9eb96 | If my child has congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), how can a doctor help with reshaping his facial features? | As your child with CGL gets older, he may be able to get plastic surgery for his face with skin grafts from his thighs, belly, or scalp. Doctors can also use implants and injections of fillers to help reshape facial features. |
1fef4bd7cd3e4fd54540f748577e8e1d | What tests are used during the diagnosis of inherited lipodystrophy? | After talking to you and doing a full exam, the doctor may want to do some tests to learn more about what type of lipodystrophy your child has. Blood tests check: Blood sugar Kidney health Fats Liver enzymes Uric acid Checking your child's blood for leptin won't diagnose lipodystrophy, but it can help your doctor decide how to treat it. Urine tests check for kidney problems. X-rays use radiation in low doses to make images of structures inside his body. These can show bone problems that some people with lipodystrophy have. For a skin biopsy, the doctor will take a small piece of skin and check the cells under a microscope. Genetic testing may find the specific problem genes to pinpoint what type of lipodystrophy he has. |
dfc4c85389acd2dd8c62a06a3abd8738 | I have fat deposits caused by familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL), how can I treat this? | People with FPL who have extra fat deposits can have liposuction to get rid of some areas, but fat may build up again. Talk to your doctor about what approach for his appearance makes sense and when. |
ee9462b0d7f1c34f106370c256a5c482 | What are my treatment options for congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL)? | People with CGL may be able to get shots of metreleptin ( Myalept) to replace the missing leptin and help prevent other diseases. Statins and omega-3 fatty acids, found in some fish, can help control high cholesterol or triglycerides, too. |
46c60dce74d576acc34e83a61837dd1a | I have familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL), will I pass this onto my children? | Someone with FPL has a 50/50 chance of passing the faulty gene to their child. |
501abbcf5c1dc1a21917ea35435c9585 | What can I expect with inherited lipodystrophy? | How long and how well someone with inherited lipodystrophy lives depends on how well they can manage the complications. Heart, blood vessel, liver, and kidney problems are common, and sometimes they're life-threatening. Diabetes is often hard to control. Some people have bone, immune system, or hormone-related troubles. |
06a3e8c4af0684bd0bf096c5354c6608 | What are the symptoms of congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) in adults? | Adults with CGL have large hands and feet and a strong, square jawbone because their hormone balance is off and they keep growing. They could have larger than usual sex organs (clitoris, or penis and testicles). A woman might have irregular periods or no periods. She could have polycystic ovary syndrome ( PCOS). She'll probably have extra hair on her upper lip and chin. |
6d71a375fb3aefb682f8f9067dc43628 | How can I manage my familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL)? | Exercise, especially if you have FPL, will help you stay healthy, too. Physical activity lowers blood sugar and can keep fat from building up where it shouldn't. |
0ff95d64ff9f871696b20b2d8b86aaa9 | How can I prevent serious complications of inherited lipodystrophy? | Work closely with your doctor to help prevent the most serious complications for your child's subtype. Researchers are studying this disease, and they may find more treatment options. |
682c8519a7cc0bf2cf19ff814dfb1517 | What other problems can inherited lipodystrophy cause? | This condition causes other problems, too, including diabetes, high cholesterol and triglycerides, and fatty liver disease. |
c59273dcef7cc33fccc4a399d17ea199 | What causes inherited lipodystrophy? | The most common are: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy ( CGL), also called Berardinelli- Seip syndrome Familial partial lipodystrophy ( FPL) Researchers have found several genes that cause inherited lipodystrophy. That's why there are different subtypes. Sometimes, just one bad gene from one parent can cause it; sometimes, you must get a gene from each parent. It's also possible to have a bad gene but not get the disease. |
a9ca00dfbe6a174b0f54a5552f5e4666 | What are the symptoms of congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) in babies? | Babies look very muscular because they have almost no body fat. Most have a large belly button or a hernia, or bulging, around it. They grow fast and are very hungry. Their skin may be dark, thick, and velvety in places, especially at the neck, armpits, and where their legs meet the trunk of their body. Infants usually develop an enlarged liver. Young kids have problems controlling their blood sugar and triglyceride levels. Some children will have trouble thinking and learning. |
dcd5cafeee6308b434e02f66bd1d0e9a | What questions will my doctor ask me once I'm diagnosed with inherited lipodystrophy? | These women are more likely to have serious complications including: Diabetes High triglyceride and low HDL (the "good" cholesterol) levels Heart disease Your doctor might ask you these questions: What symptoms have you noticed? When did you first see them? Are changes in how your child looks only in certain areas, or all over? Have you had his blood sugar, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels checked? Has he had bad belly aches or oily poop? What other health problems does he have? Are his parents related by blood? Does anyone else in the family have problems with body fat? |
ef6d92db4f11c0f6aefe80a77c442841 | If my child has inherited lipodystrophy, what medications should they take? | If your child has diabetes, she'll need to take insulin or other drugs to control her blood sugar. |
9ded769787bf2b4eb85d49ceca336208 | Is family history important when diagnosis inherited lipodystrophy? | Since lipodystrophy is passed on by genes, your family history is very important. |
726ac7c3bbfcecf79a80b256fdc85aed | Is inherited lipodystrophy related to other illnesses? | Inherited lipodystrophy is actually a group of related illnesses. The most common are: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy ( CGL), also called Berardinelli- Seip syndrome Familial partial lipodystrophy ( FPL) Researchers have found several genes that cause inherited lipodystrophy. |
4408227ea325ed661ab1cc6e2a78b17a | What are the symptoms of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) in women? | It's easier to recognize FPL in women, since men tend to look muscular even without the disease. About one-quarter of women get more body hair. They can also have problems with their periods and may get PCOS. These women are more likely to have serious complications including: Diabetes High triglyceride and low HDL (the "good" cholesterol) levels Heart disease Your doctor might ask you these questions: What symptoms have you noticed? |
6de7c2ae893a24215d7c49e799644dad | What can be used to diagnose sinus problems? | Symptoms include: Nasal congestion Pain or discomfort around the eyes, forehead or cheeks Cough Headache Thick nasal or post-nasal drainage Sometimes other tests such as computed tomography ( CT) scan or cultures are used to help make the diagnosis. Despite the recommendations that antibiotic use be judicious, they are still overused for sinusitis, according to many physicians who specialize in treating sinus problems. Some physicians say they give patients with sinusitis a prescription for antibiotics, and recommend they wait three to five days before filling it, and only fill it if symptoms are not better by then. A decongestant can be used to help relieve your symptoms and promote drainage. The longer symptoms last, the more likely a sinus problem is to be a bacterial infection, some experts say. |
5e27cb4c874bedaec5917d79e01c3d33 | When should antibiotics be used to treat sinus problems? | Antibiotics may be more appropriate to give to certain patients who are less able to fight off infection, such as those with diabetes, or serious heart or lung disease. And antibiotics should be considered in patients with severe sinusitis symptoms, according to the practice guidelines from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. If antibiotics are given, a 10- to 14-day course is recommended, according to the practice guidelines. Amoxicillin is typically the first choice for people who are not allergic to penicillin. |
5ca9fb0e18aa31d3db55aa503b5f38eb | Is an upper endoscopy safe? | If you have severe abdominal pain, a continuous cough or fever, chills, chest pain, nausea, or vomiting within 72 hours after an upper endoscopy, call your doctor's office right away or go to the emergency room. Serious risks with an endoscopy are rare. |
29a67240251f08e7fc894a39e716ac55 | What is an upper endoscopy? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Upper endoscopy, also known as EGD, is a procedure in which a thin scope with a light and camera at its tip is used to look inside the upper digestive tract -- the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. Usually performed as an outpatient procedure, upper endoscopy sometimes must be performed in the hospital or emergency room to both identify and treat conditions such as upper digestive system bleeding. The procedure is commonly used to help identify the causes of: Abdominal or chest pain Nausea and vomiting Heartburn Bleeding Swallowing problems Endoscopy can also help identify inflammation, ulcers, and tumors. |
5f29e45f2d5ab95cbc53ee9ff8c6e531 | Who should not have nonsurgical spinal decompression? | Before or after therapy, you may have other types of treatment, such as: Electrical stimulation (electric current that causes certain muscles to contract) Ultrasound (the use of sound waves to generate heat and promote healing) Heat or cold therapy Ask your doctor whether or not you are a good candidate for nonsurgical spinal decompression. It is best not to try it if you are pregnant. People with any of these conditions should also not have nonsurgical spinal decompression: Fracture Tumor Abdominal aortic aneurysm Advanced osteoporosis Metal implants in the spine Surgical spinal decompression is another option for treating certain types of back pain. |
3aea2397a97c4cba730643043252aa83 | How is nonsurgical spinal decompression done? | These include: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs) Physical therapy Exercise Limited rest Steroid injections Bracing Chiropractic Acupuncture You are fully clothed during spinal decompression therapy. The doctor fits you with a harness around your pelvis and another around your trunk. You either lie face down or face up on a computer-controlled table. A doctor operates the computer, customizing treatment to your specific needs. Treatment may last 30 to 45 minutes and you may require 20 to 28 treatments over five to seven weeks. Before or after therapy, you may have other types of treatment, such as: Electrical stimulation (electric current that causes certain muscles to contract) Ultrasound (the use of sound waves to generate heat and promote healing) Heat or cold therapy Ask your doctor whether or not you are a good candidate for nonsurgical spinal decompression. |
9cdf312e8c33fcbc6063149be2bb0306 | What is spinal decompression therapy used for? | Doctors have used nonsurgical spinal decompression in an attempt to treat: Back or neck pain or sciatica, which is pain, weakness, or tingling that extends down the leg Bulging or herniated disks or degenerative disk disease Worn spinal joints (called posterior facet syndrome) Injured or diseased spinal nerve roots More research is needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of nonsurgical spinal decompression. |
3ad3d0f60130be885d120e5cfaff3afa | What are the risks of spinal decompression surgery? | As with any surgery, there are risks. These are some of the more common risks associated with spinal decompression surgery: Infection Bleeding Blood clots Allergic reaction to anesthesia Nerve or tissue damage Another risk of surgery is that it may not improve back pain much. It can be difficult to determine who will benefit from spinal decompression surgery. |
1591f6f5916527b8739ca62969737b3e | What should you know about spinal decompression therapy? | You may be unable to think of little else except finding relief. Some people turn to spinal decompression therapy -- either surgical or nonsurgical. Here's what you need to know to help decide whether it might be right for you. |
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